These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Yarrow Yarrow Black Bugbane Black Bugbane

B Achillea millefolium U Leaves fern-like, alternate. U Actaea racemosa W Leaf 2-3 compound parts, W Plant 8 to 40” high, (Cimicifuga racemosa) near base of stem, leaflets astringent aroma toothed

Black Bugbane Garlic Mustard Garlic Mustard Garlic Mustard Wild Leek

Flower stalk 6 to 8’ high, heldW Alliaria petiolata B Leaves with heart-shaped B Plants can be 4 inches to 6’ B Allium tricoccum W above leaves. Sepals drop (Invasive) base, coarse teeth. Flowers To control remove seed (Flower stem rises from root early, petals small in terminal spike. Biennial heads at maturity or pull root 4-12” high)

Wild Leek Canada Anemone Canada Anemone Spreading Dogbane Spreading Dogbane

Leaves die before flowers W Anemone canadensis B Basal leaves on long stalks. B Apocynum U Leaves opposite, stems and U open. Flowers with 3-cell (Stems to 30” high) Stem leaves (shown) in androsaemifolium stalks reddish in sun; to 3’. green ovary; seeds black whorl of 2 or 3, not stalked Much branching at top

Indian Hemp Indian Hemp Indian Hemp American Spikenard American Spikenard

Apocynum cannabinum U Flowers at top of tall 2 to 5 U Leaves oblong, opposite, U Aralia racemosa W Flowers whitish-green. W (AKA - American Dogbane) foot stem, branching only at smooth, brilliant yellow in fall Leaves are twice compound, top 2+ feet long and wide

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 11 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

American Spikenard American Spikenard Great Indian Plantain Great Indian Plantain Great Indian Plantain

Leaflets oval, heart-shape W Drupes dark purple or W Arnoglossum reniforme U Leaves palmate, large lobes,U Tall - 3 to 9’. Flowers with U base, abrupt tip. Plant 2 to 7’ reddish brown in Autumn; stem angled & purplish indistinguishable parts, disc high not edible florets only

Poke Milkweed Poke Milkweed Poke Milkweed Poke Milkweed Whorled Milkweed

Asclepias exaltata B Leaf opposite, dark green, B Plant 2-6’, unbranched, B Pods held upright on a B Asclepias verticillata W up to 8 inches long flowers in drooping umbels downward curving stalk. (Stems to 24” high) from top of stem Brown at maturity.

Whorled Milkweed Whorled Milkweed White False Indigo White False Indigo White False Indigo

Leaves linear in whorls of 3 W Slender pods are held erect W Baptisia alba var. U Leaf 3-parted, leaflets not U Seed pods inflated, dark U to 6, stalkless, ascending. on an erect stalk. Brown at macrophylla stalked. Flowers on tall spike brown at maturity with 1 row Flowers in stalked umbel maturity. (AKA - Wild White Indigo) above the leaves, 3-6’ kidney shape seeds

Plains Wild Indigo Plains Wild Indigo Hoary Alyssum Hoary Alyssum Hoary Alyssum

Baptisia bracteata U Branching stems, to 30”; U Berteroa incana U Stem leaves linear with U Raceme elongates with new U (AKA-Longbract Wild Indigo) leaves 3-part grayish-green, (Invasive) grayish down, no stalk. flowers as plump hairy seed large flower bracts (shown) Flowers in rounded cluster pods form. 10-28” high

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 12 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Smooth Rockcress Smooth Rockcress New Jersey Tea* New Jersey Tea* Buttonbush*

Boechera laevigata W Stem erect, 1-3.5’, stem W Ceanothus americanus U To 3’ high. Leaf elliptical, U Cephalanthus occidentalis W leaves long, narrow, curling. veins prominent; tiny flowers L Basal leaves obovate 5-parted, in rounded clusters

Buttonbush* Mouse-ear Chickweed Mouse-ear Chickweed Chicory - White type Chicory - White type

Leaf stalked, glossy-green W Cerastium fontanum ssp. W Stem to 12” high. Leaves W Cichorium intybus U 1 to 6’. Basal leaf (shown) U top. Flowers on long-stalked L vulgare opposite, stalkless, fine hair. (Most plants in the Garden long, sharp dentations globular head. 3-10’ stems Flowers - 5 deep cleft petals have blue flowers) resembling a dandelion leaf

Chicory - White type Enchanter’s Nightshade Enchanter’s Nightshade Enchanter’s Nightshade Virgin's Bower

Stem leaf short, stalkless U Circaea lutetiana ssp. W Leaves opposite, long stalks,W Flowers small, 2-parted, on W Clematis virginiana U with clasping auricle; may canadensis shallow teeth long stalks, on tall spike, (A sprawling vine to 9’) have fine teeth (Broadleaf Enchanter’s Nightshade) unbranched 12-24” high

Virgin's Bower Bastard Toadflax Bastard Toadflax Lily of the Valley Lily of the Valley

Leaves 3-parted, opposite, U Comandra umbellata U Plant short, erect, to 12”. U Convallaria majalis U Leaves basal, usually 2. U leaf stalks twining. 1/2” (AKA - False Toadflax) Flowers in flattened clusters. Flowers - 5-15 on scape, flowers perfect or dioecious Leaves alternate, smooth nodding, fragrant

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 13 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Dogwood - Gray* Dogwood - Gray* Dogwood - Gray* Dogwood - Redosier* Dogwood - Redosier*

Cornus racemosa U Multi-stemmed shrub to 6’. U Inedible drupes turn white inU Cornus sericea W Leaves opposite, entire, W (Prefers less moist areas) Leaves opposite, no teeth, Fall with red stalks. Flowers (Stems red Fall to Spring.) L whitish beneath, fine hair on L pale green underside in elongated clusters top. Stems to 9+’ high

Dogwood - Redosier* White Prairie Clover White Prairie Clover Wild Yamroot Wild Yamroot

Drupes turn whitish-lead W Dalea candida U Leaves pinnate, 5-9 short U Dioscorea villosa W Twining stems, tiny W color with pale red stalks. L leaflets, gland dots on dioecious flowers. Upper Dogwood drupes not edible underside. 1- < 3’ high stem leaves long-stalked

Wild Yamroot Annual Daisy Fleabane Annual Daisy Fleabane Annual Daisy Fleabane Philadelphia Fleabane

Seeds contained in inflated W Erigeron annuus B Leaf toothed, not clasping, B Plant 2-4’ high. Phyllaries in B Erigeron philadelphicus B papery capsule, 3 sectioned, (AKA - Eastern Daisy stem hair standing out. 2 to 3 series, sparsely hairy, (AKA - Common Fleabane) 2 seeds per section Fleabane) Flowers with 80 - 125 rays sometimes glandular

Philadelphia Fleabane Philadelphia Fleabane Lesser Daisy Fleabane Lesser Daisy Fleabane Lesser Daisy Fleabane

Upper leaves hairy, clasping B Plant 1/2-3’ high. Phyllaries - B Erigeron strigosus U Leaf - few teeth, not U Phyllaries in 2 to 4 series U stem, stem hairy. Flowers 2 to 3 series, some with fine (AKA - Prairie Fleabane) clasping, stem hair close to with or without fine hair. with 150 - 250+ rays hair, sometimes glandular stem. Flowers 50 - 100 rays Plant 1-3’ high

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 14 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Fringed Black Bindweed Fringed Black Bindweed Fringed Black Bindweed Queen of the Meadow Queen of the Meadow

Fallopia cilinodis W Leaves well spaced, heart- W Clockwise twining vine to 7’, W Filipendula ulmaria W Leaf - 2-4 pair of lateral W (Polygonum cilinode) shape base, underside fine stem reddish. Ocrea with fine L leaflets, terminal leaflet has 3L hair, long slender stalk down-pointing bristles -7 lobes. Stem 3 to 7’

Strawberry - Woodland Strawberry - Woodland Strawberry - Woodland Strawberry - Virginia Strawberry - Virginia

Fragaria vesca U Flower stalk above leaves. U Fragaria vesca U Fragaria virginiana W Flower stalk shorter than W Leaflets often stalkless. Tip (Seeds raised on the leaves. Leaflets stalked. Tip tooth of leaflet broad surface) tooth of leaflet shorter

Strawberry - Virginia Galax Bedstraw - Cleavers Bedstraw - Cleavers Bedstraw - Rough

Fragaria virginiana W Galax urceolata W Galium aparine B Weak sticky stems,4-40” B Galium asprellum W (Seeds embedded in pits) (AKA - Beetleweed) (AKA - Stickywilly) long, sprawling; 4-petal (Seed pod oblong, no L Seed pod round, 2-cell, hairy flowers; leaves - whorl 6 to 8 bristles)

Bedstraw - Rough Bedstraw - Northern Bedstraw - Northern Bedstraw - Northern Bedstraw - Shining

Whorls of 6; 4 or 5 on side W Galium boreale B Leaves whorls of 4, on B Flowers in showy terminal B Galium concinnum W branches. Flw cluster forkedL (Seed pod oblong, 2-celled, multiple stems from root. panicle, each branch into 3 (Seed pod oblong, 2-celled, 1-3x Sticky weak stems to 7’ hairy) Stem erect to 3’, not sticky forked clusters of flowers smooth, stem smooth.)

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 15 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Bedstraw - Shining Bedstraw - Threelobed Bedstraw - Fragrant Bedstraw - Fragrant White Avens

Leaves whorls of 6, rough W Galium trifidum W Galium triflorum W Leaves whorls of 6, vanilla W Geum canadense W edged, sharply pointed, 3-lobe flowers in triplets; (Pod oblong, 2-celled, hairy, odor, 3-flower groups. Stem many branches, 5-24” long leaves ALL in whorls of 4. All bedstraw flowers tiny) weak to 3’, nodes not sticky

White Avens White Avens Cow Parsnip Cow Parsnip Cow Parsnip

Lower leaf - 3 to 5 toothed W 1/2” flowers in open clusters W Heracleum maximum W Leaf 3-parted, toothed W Small flowers in compound W leaflets. Upper smaller, 3 of up to 3; seed head with L leaflets, up to 2 feet wide, L flat-topped umbel. Stem 3 to L leaflets or 3 lobes. 1-2’ high hooked seed tips sheath at the base 8’ high

Dame’s Rocket - White Dame’s Rocket - White Dame’s Rocket - White Winterberry* Winterberry*

Hesperis matronalis W Leaves alternate, lance W Pink or white flowers; stem W Ilex verticillata W Dioecious. Leaves toothed, W (AKA - Sweet Rocket) L shape, toothed. Flowers in L little branched, fine hair, 2-5 L (AKA - Black Alder) L deep green, hairy under. L loose terminal cluster feet high Flowers cluster in leaf axils

Winterberry* Cream Pea Cream Pea Motherwort Motherwort

Drupes red at maturity, good W Lathyrus ochroleucus U Leaf- 3 to 5+ pair leaflets, U Leonurus cardiaca W Top section of plant: flowers W for birds, but not palatable. L tendril at tip, green before in verticillasters with inter- Plant stems 6 to 16’ high flowering. Twining 1-3’ vine spaced bracts. 1.5 to 5’ high

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 16 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Motherwort Oxeye Daisy Oxeye Daisy Oxeye Daisy American Water Horehound

Lower leaves 5-lobed, W Leucanthemum vulgare U Stems 8-24”, erect; basal U Phyllaries in overlapping U Lycopus americanus W middle 3-lobed, uppers may leaves more oval, stem leaf series, lanceolate, with (Stems 4 - 40” high) L be entire stalkless, coarse teeth brown margins near the tips

American Water Horehound Bugleweed - Northern Bugleweed - Northern Bugleweed - Northern White Sweet Clover

Leaves opposite, irregular W Lycopus uniflorus W Flowers, tiny, 4 lobes may W Leaves elliptic, opposite, W Melilotus alba B teeth. Flowers 4-lobed, in L L look like 5, in tight clusters in L coarse teeth, but less coarseL (Invasive) tight clusters in leaf axils leaf axils. Stem to 40” high than L. americanus

White Sweet Clover White Sweet Clover Canada Moonseed Canada Moonseed Wild Mint

Leaf 3-parted, serrated B Plants 1 to 5 feet tall, much B Menispermum canadense U Leaf large, broad, ovate, U Mentha arvensis W edges. Terminal leaflet on branched. Same plant as (AKA - Common Moonseed) shallowly lobed. Flowers L longer stalk Yellow Sweet Clover Climbing vine - no tendrils small, bell-shaped

Wild Mint Wild Mint Partridge Berry Partridge Berry Partridge Berry

Leaves opposite, stalked, W Plant to 2-1/2’ high, little W Mitchella repens W Creeping, evergreen, leaf W Berries twinned, 8 seeded, W toothed. Flowers pink to L branching, no flowers on top L with center white stripe not bitter but barely edible white in verticillasters of the 4-angled stem

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 17 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Twoleaf Miterwort Twoleaf Miterwort Blunt-leaved Sandwort Blunt-leaved Sandwort Glade Mallow

Mitella diphylla W Leaves mid-stem, 1 pair, W Moehringia lateriflora U Leaf - oblong, blunt tip, no U Napaea dioica U (AKA - Bishop's Cap) almost stalkless, 3-5 lobes. stalk, < 1” long, fine hair. Flower 1/5” wide, plant 6-16” Plant < 10 inches high

Glade Mallow Glade Mallow Bland Sweet Cicely Bland Sweet Cicely Bland Sweet Cicely

Lower leaves large, 4 - 12”, U Flowers in many stalked U Osmorhiza claytonii W Leaf 2x divided, 4-7 flowers W Plant 1-3 feet, hairy, W stalked, deeply cut lobes. clusters, atop a 6 foot+ (AKA - Hairy Sweet Cicely) per umbel, 3-6 umbellets, branching, stem base Upper stalkless ridged green stem styles shorter than petals reddish

Aniseroot Aniseroot Aniseroot Wild Quinine Wild Quinine

Osmorhiza longistylis W Leaf 2x divided, minor hair, 3W Plant 2 to 4 foot, some W Parthenium integrifolium U Upper leaves lance-shaped, U (AKA - Long-styled Sweet -5+ umbellets of 6-16 flowers branching, smooth or with (AKA - American Feverfew) alternate, toothed, stalkless. Cicely) styles longer than petals hair. Stem reddish Lower stalked

Wild Quinine Foxglove Beardtongue Foxglove Beardtongue Foxglove Beardtongue Dotted Smartweed

1-4’ high, flowers in flat- U Penstemon digitalis U Leaf lance-shaped, fine U Outer corolla and calyx with U Persicaria punctata W topped clusters, 5 tiny ray (AKA - Tall Slope teeth, shiny, stalkless; stem hair; flowers clustered at (Polygonum punctatum) L florets around center disc Penstemon) smooth stem top; 1-4’ high

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 18 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Dotted Smartweed Ninebark* Ninebark* Virginia Mountain Mint Virginia Mountain Mint

Erect to sprawling 2-5’ stem, W Physocarpus opulifolius W Leaf resembles maple; lowerW Pycnanthemum virginianum U Plant is 1 - 3 feet tall, small U leaves 8x long as wide; flws L (AKA - Prairie Ninebark) have 3-5 lobes, upper more opposite lance-shaped in interrupted fascicles rounded. Multi-stems to 10’ leaves, sweetly aromatic

Virginia Mountain Mint Allegheny Blackberry* Allegheny Blackberry* Allegheny Blackberry* Dewberry*

Flowers in umbels of 4 or U Rubus allegheniensis B Lower leaves - 5 long- B Berries turn red, then black, B Rubus flagellaris U more flowers. Corollas have stalked leaflets. Glandular not easily separated from (AKA - Northern Dewberry) purple spots inside hair on leaf & flower stalks torus, edible. Stiff thorns

Dewberry* Dewberry* Wild Red Raspberry* Wild Red Raspberry* Wild Red Raspberry*

Short upland plant, usually U Berry 1/2 - 3/4” long, fruit U Rubus idaeus W New canes with glandular W Berry red, edible, easily W prostrate, small stem separates from stem with (AKA - American Red prickles & 5-7 parted leaves. separates from torus. Flower prickles, leaf 3-parted torus attached, edible Raspberry) Old canes 3-5 part leaves similar to R. occidentalis

Black Raspberry* Black Raspberry* Black Raspberry* Thimbleberry Thimbleberry

Rubus occidentalis B Leaf 3-parted on flowering B Berry to 1/2”, separates B Rubus parviflorus W No prickles, leaves large andW (Hooked stout prickles on stems, 5-part on new canes. cleanly from torus, turns red (AKA - Flowering Raspberry) maple-like. Glandular hair on canes) No glandular hair anywhere then purple-black, edible stems, stalks and flower

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 19 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Thimbleberry Dwarf Red Raspberry Dwarf Red Raspberry Dwarf Red Raspberry Swamp Blackberry

Berry pale orange, W Rubus pubescens W Leaf with 3 parts, sharp W Red berry to 1/2”, separates W Rubus setosus (semisetosus) W hemispheric shape, fuzzy, (AKA Dwarf Red Blackberry, L teeth, long hairy stalk. Short L from torus with difficulty, L (AKA - Bristly Blackberry) L edible but not tasty Swamp Raspberry) plant in moist areas edible Fruit black, stems prickly

Canada Elderberry* Canada Elderberry* Canada Elderberry* Bouncing Bet - White Bouncing Bet

Sambucus nigra ssp. B Leaf - 5 to 9 leaflets, serrate B Drupes 1/4”, become reddishB Saponaria officinalis U Leaves opposite, elongated U canadensis (AKA American edge; flower cluster flat- then purplish black. Edible (AKA - Soapwort) ovals, smooth, wavy, 3-5 Black Elderberry) topped. Multi-stems to 10’ with boiling prominent veins. To 2’+ high

Starry Campion Starry Campion Starry Campion Black Nightshade Black Nightshade

Silene stellata U Flowers with fringed petal U Bract under the panicle. One U Solanum nigrum W Leaves ovate to diamond W (AKA - Widowsfrill) lobes; panicle to 20”; middle pair of opposite leaves below (Solanum ptycanthemum) shape, dull, a few teeth that stem leaves whorls of 4 this, then whorls of 4 resemble lobes

Black Nightshade Meadowsweet* Meadowsweet* Long-leaved Chickweed Long-leaved Chickweed

Plant 6-24” high. Berry 1/4”, W Spiraea alba W Showing top section of W Stellaria longifolia W Plant stem 4-angled, to 20”, W black at maturity, sepals (AKA - Narrow-leaf L shrub; leaves lanceolate, L (AKA - Water Chickweed) L erect to straggling; leaves L prominent, toxic in quantity Meadowsweet) toothed. Stem to 6 foot stalkless, < 2 inches long

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 20 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Wolfberry* Wolfberry* Wolfberry* Foamflower Foamflower

Symphoricarpos occidentalis W Leaf smooth, wavy edge, W Drupe to 3/8”, waxy surface, W Tiarella cordifolia W To 14” hi. Leaves all basal, W short green stalk, underside tightly clustered, not (AKA - Heartleaf heart-shape base, 5 to 7 blue-green. Corolla bearded palatable. Stems 1-5’ high Foamflower) lobes, stalks w/glandular hair

White Clover White Clover Garden Valerian Garden Valerian White Vervain

Trifolium repens U Leaves 3-parted on long U Valeriana officinalis W Leaves opposite, 7 to 25 W Verbena urticifolia U stalks. Light-color chevron leaflets, aromatic. Stem 2-5’, not always visible. 6-8” high ridged, hollow, short hair

White Vervain White Vervain Culver's Root Culver's Root Culver's Root

Leaf opposite, lance-like, U Flowers tiny on wildly U Veronicastrum virginicum U Small tubular flowers in U Leaves in a whorl of 3 to 7, U stalked, toothed, fine vein spreading branches. Stems dense spike, usually widely spaced, usually pattern to 6’, 4-angled, with hair branched, atop tall stem hairless. Stem to 7’ high

Southern Arrowwood* Southern Arrowwood* Southern Arrowwood* Swamp Beggartick

Viburnum dentatum W Leaves opposite NO W Drupes to 1/4”, bluish-black W B Bidens connata W stipules, sharp coarse teeth, at maturity, bitter, single (AKA - Purple-stem L stalked, sparsely hairy under seed. Multiple stems to 9’ Beggartick)

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 21 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Swamp Beggartick Swamp Beggartick Devil’s Beggartick Devil’s Beggartick Devil’s Beggartick

Leaf lance-like, some with W 6-9 yellow-grn phyllaries W Bidens frondosa W Leaf with 3 to 5 lance-like W 6-12 pale grn phyllaries w/5 -W winged stalks; lower may be L w/pointed tips, 2-6+ green L (Plant purple in Autumn, 1-4’ L leaflets, coarsely toothed; L 10 hairy spreading calyculi L 3-cleft. Stem 1-6’ high calyculi below. No ray florets tall) upper may be undivided below. Ray florets obscure

Stiff Tickseed Stiff Tickseed Stiff Tickseed Narrowleaf Hawksbeard Narrowleaf Hawksbeard

Coreopsis palmata U Stem stiff; leaves opposite, U 8 broad pale yellow U Crepis tectorum U Basal leaves (shown) narrowU (AKA - Stiff Coreopsis) stalkless, 3 elongated lobes. phyllaries appressed w/9-12 with auricles and teeth. Stem Stem to 36” high + narrow grn calyculi below leaves stalkless

Narrowleaf Hawksbeard Narrowleaf Hawksbeard Bush Honeysuckle* Bush Honeysuckle* Yellow Avens

Phyllaries - 12-15, whitish U Plant to 40” high, stem U Diervilla lonicera U Leaves opposite, flowers in U Geum aleppicum W pointed tips, bases keeled, angled, hairy, with milky juice (AKA - Northern Bush small panicle at stem tip. hairy, 6-12 calyculi below Honeysuckle) Some flws pink. Low shrub

Yellow Avens Stiff Sunflower Stiff Sunflower Stiff Sunflower Smooth Oxeye

20-40”. Lower leaf with 2-6 W Helianthus pauciflorus U Leaves opposite, ascending, U Phyllaries 25-35, pointed, notU Heliopsis helianthoides var. U pairs leaflets, sparsely hairy; widely spaced on upper spreading, margins with fine scraba upper smaller, fewer leaflets stem. Disc florets reddish hair. Stem to 6’ tall

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 22 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Smooth Oxeye Smooth Oxeye Yellow Day Lily St. Johnswort - Common St. Johnswort - Common

Leaves stalked, toothed, U Phyllaries - 2 series, outer U Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus U Hypericum perforatum U Shrubby branching stems, 1 U opposite, rough surface hair. longer, inner broader, with (Leaves strap-like, stems 2 -3’ high, narrow leaves with Flowers also from leaf axils fine hair usually. Stem 4-6’ -4’ high) dots, flower with 3 styles

St. Johnswort - Great St. Johnswort - Great Yellow Flag Iris Wild Lettuce Wild Lettuce

Hypericum pyramidatum U Erect, 2-5’ tall; flowers long U Iris pseudacorus W Lactuca canadensis U Many flower heads. Lower U stalked, usually solitary, 5 (AKA - Pale Yellow Iris) L (Flowers fade the same day leaves toothed, pinnately styles united to tips 1 to 3’ high, leaves to 40” they open) divided, edges NOT spiny

Wild Lettuce Prickly Lettuce Prickly Lettuce Prickly Lettuce Canada Lily

Upper leaves entire, claspingU Lactuca serriola U Flowers in branched array, U Leaf - prickles on edge and U Lilium canadense U auricles, but edges NOT finely toothed tips on ray under on midrib, auricles spiny. Stems to 8’ tall florets. Stems 1-5’ tall clasping to stem

Canada Lily Fringed Loosestrife Fringed Loosestrife Moneywort Moneywort

1-4’ high. Flowers pendant U Lysimachia ciliata W 1-4’ high. Leaves opposite - W Lysimachia nummularia W Creeping plant. Flowers W on branched array. Leaves in not in a whorl, lanceolate, (AKA - Creeping Jenny) / solitary from leaf axil. Leaves/ whorls of 3 to 12 fine hair on stem leaf node like twopence coin

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 23 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Whorled Loosestrife Whorled Loosestrife Swamp Candles Swamp Candles Swamp Candles

Lysimachia quadrifolia U 2-3’ high. Leaves in a whorl U Lysimachia terrestris W Leaf mostly stalkless, W Stem 12-30” high; W of 4 or 5. Fleshy red nectary (AKA - Yellow Loosestrife) L smooth, dotted. Usually 5 L Inflorescence to 12”; seed L in corolla flower petals, can be 5 to 9 capsules held horizontal

Tufted Loosestrife Tufted Loosestrife Black Medick Black Medick Black Medick

Lysimachia thyrsiflora W Flowers in thyrses, leaves W Medicago lupulina U Stalkless flowers in dense U Sprawling to erect scraggly U L opposite, surfaces dotted. L rounded 1/3 inch wide plant 2-30” long. Leaf 3-part Stems 12-30” tall cluster, at tip of stems each leaflet short-stalked

Yellow Sweet Clover Yellow Sweet Clover Yellow Sweet Clover Prairie Sundrops Prairie Sundrops

Melilotus officinalis B Leaf 3 parted, middle leaflet B Plant 1 to 5’ high, much B Oenothera pilosella U 12-18” high. Leaves U (Invasive) on longer stalk. Same leaf branched. Same plant as (AKA - Meadow Evening opposite, short stalks, both as White Sweet Clover White Sweet Clover Primrose) sides and margins hairy

Slender Yellow Wood Sorrel Common Yellow Oxalis Common Yellow Oxalis Common Yellow Oxalis Prairie Ragwort

Oxalis dillenii W Oxalis stricta W 2-5 flowers in branched W Seed pod stalk ascending, W Packera plattensis U Like O. stricta but seed pod cluster. Leaves 3-parted, pods erect. Plant 5-24” high stalk horizontal, 1-2 flowers leaflets heart-shaped

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 24 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Prairie Ragwort Clammy Ground Cherry Clammy Ground Cherry Clammy Ground Cherry Cinquefoil - Silvery

Upland plant. Leaves with U Physalis heterophylla U Leaves large, ovate, wavy U Seeds in inflated hairy husk, U Potentilla argentea U lobes or crenations. Upper margin teeth or entire. closed at tip, brown at smaller. Stem 6-24” tall Densely hairy. 12-30” high maturity. Not in colonies

Cinquefoil - Silvery Cinquefoil - Rough Cinquefoil - Rough Cinquefoil - Rough Cinquefoil-Rough fruited

1-20” tall. Leaf has 5 toothed U Potentilla norvegica B Sepals hairy; stem reddish, B Plant 1 to 3’ high, branched B Potentilla recta B lobes, silvery hair under (AKA - Norwegian hairy; leaves ALL 3-parted, near top. Flowers sepals Sepals shorter than petals Cinquefoil) hairy, upper almost stalkless longer than the petals

Cinquefoil-Rough fruited Cinquefoil-Rough fruited Cinquefoil - Common Cinquefoil - Common Tall Buttercup

Base leaves of 5-7 leaflets, B Plant 16-32” high, B Potentilla simplex B Short plant, with decumbent B Ranunculus acris U upper 3 leaflets, Flowers unbranched below stems, reddish with age. pale yellow; stem hairy inflorescence Stem leaf has 5 leaflets

Tall Buttercup Swamp Buttercup Swamp Buttercup Long-headed Coneflower Long-headed Coneflower

1-3 feet high. Lower leaves U Ranunculus hispidus var. W Basal leaf largest, 3 parts, W Ratibida columnifera U Leaves alternate, stalked, 3 U divided into 3 to 7 parts with nitidus L each divided. Uppers more L (AKA - Prairie Coneflower) to 14 lobes, gland dotted. deep clefts. Skin irritant (AKA - Hispid Buttercup) simple. Stems trailing to 36” Upper smaller. Stem 1-3’ tall

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 25 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Black-eyed Susan Black-eyed Susan Black-eyed Susan Rosinweed Rosinweed

Rudbeckia hirta U Leaf linear to spatula shape, U Phyllaries - 2 series, linear, U Silphium integrifolium U Leaves opposite, not U rough white bristly hair, quite long, very hairy, outer (AKA - Wholeleaf surrounding the stem, upper stalkless near top of stem ones reflex. Stems 1-3’ tall Rosinweed) & lower same size

Rosinweed Rosinweed Common Dandelion Common Dandelion Meadow Goatsbeard

Phyllaries in 2-3 series, U Plants to 6’ high on stout U Taraxacum officinale U Leaves all basal, long, U Tragopogon pratensis U pointed spreading tips, stems; Flowers in open pinnately divided, terminal (AKA - Yellow Goatsbeard & smooth or hairy branched cluster lobe larger, stalk with wings Jack-go-bed-at-noon)

Tragopogon seed cluster Meadow Goatsbeard Meadow Goatsbeard Common Mullein Common Mullein

Seed cluster looks similar on U Leaves- upper short, U Flower solitary, long stem, U Verbascum thapsus U Leaves velvety, arranged in U both Tragopogons clasping; lower backward base at stem not enlarged spiral pattern; hooked hair on curved, long. Stem to 24” prior to seed formation underside

Common Mullein Golden Alexanders Golden Alexanders Candle Anemone

Stem 6-8’, multiple spikes onU Zizia aurea U Leaves basal & stem, basal U B Anemone cylindrica U some plants. Flowers open (AKA - Golden Zizia) 2 or 3 times divided, long (Long-fruited Anemone, no in spiral pattern stalks. Stems 1-4’ tall secondary bract on flw stalk)

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 26 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Candle Anemone Thimbleweed -Tall Thimbleweed -Tall Wild Sarsaparilla Wild Sarsaparilla

Stems 1-3’. Leaves same both U Anemone virginiana U 2 secondary bracts, on U Aralia nudicaulis W Flower stem rises directly W Thimbleweeds: Basal, long (AKA - Tall Anemone) flower stalk at midstalk; look from root, 2 to 7 umbels. stalks. Bracts at base of flower like smaller leaves Fruit is bluish-black drupe stems, look like the leaves

Wild Sarsaparilla Jack-in-the-pulpit Jack-in-the-pulpit Jack-in-the-pulpit Canadian Milk Vetch

Usually 3 leaves of 3-5 W Arisaema triphyllum W 3-parted leaf, facing upward. W Fruit cluster red at maturity, W Astragalus canadensis U leaflets each, leaflets finely Spathe rises beneath leaves remains after leaves die. Not toothed. Stem 8-27” high from basal leaf sheath edible fresh. Plants 1-3’ high

Canadian Milk Vetch Canadian Milk Vetch Smooth Rockcress Smooth Rockcress Climbing Bittersweet*

Leaf compound, 15-35 U Long-stalked flower racemesU Boechera laevigata W Stem erect, 1-3.5’, stem W Celastrus scandens U leaflets, smooth edges, held upright on sprawling leaves long, narrow, curling. (AKA- American Bittersweet) pointed tips on leaflets stems 1-4’ long Basal leaves obovate Male flowers shown

Climbing Bittersweet* Climbing Bittersweet* Common Dodder Common Dodder Wild Yamroot

Dioecious; clmbing vine to U Fruit capsules brownish- U Cuscuta gronovii B Parasitic - no leaves, twining,B Dioscorea villosa W 20’; leaf oval, smooth, sharp orange, opens to 3 section (There are a number of tiny flowers, white petals, teeth red berry, not edible similar species of Dodder) yellow-green calyx

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 27 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Wild Yamroot Wild Yamroot Water Horsetail Water Horsetail Leafy Spurge

Twining stems, very tiny W Seeds contained in inflated W Equisetum fluviatile W Stem 2-3’ unbranched, W Euphorbia virgata U dioecious flowers. Upper papery capsule, 3 sectioned, L spore strobilus atop stem, L Invasive stem leaves long-stalked 2 seeds per section not on separate stem

Leafy Spurge Alumroot Alumroot Alumroot Wood Nettle

Leaves mostly linear to U Heuchera americana var. U Hypanthium inflated 3 to 7.2 U To 3’ tall. Stalked basal U Laportea canadensis W lanceolate; whorl of leaves hirsuticaulius mm above the ovary and leaves only, stalks dense (AKA - Canadian Wood under inflorescence. 2-3.5’ hi weakly bilaterally symmetric with stipitate-glandular hair Nettle) Stinging hairs

Wood Nettle Lesser Duckweed Lesser Duckweed Pepper Grass Pepper Grass

Leaf alternate, long stalk, W Lemna minor W Each frond (leaf) has single W Lepidium densiflorum W Dense spike, flowers w/no W oval, coarse teeth, upper (AKA - Common Duckweed) L root dangling under. Plants L petals or petals shorter than side crinkled dark grn. To 4’ usually in clusters up to 5+ sepals. Pods oval, notched

Pepper Grass Common Plantain Common Plantain Great Solomon’s Seal Great Solomon’s Seal

Leaf toothed, not clasping; W Plantago major U Flowers tiny on spike, leavesU Polygonatum biflorum B Stems to 6’, arching, 2-3’ B lower may be pinnate. Thin basal in rosette. 2-12” high (AKA - Smooth Solomon’s high, unbranched, flowers short hair on stem. 8-20” hi Seal) pendant, leaves stalkless

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 28 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Great Solomon’s Seal Sumac - Fragrant* Sumac - Fragrant* Sumac - Fragrant* Sumac - Smooth*

Berries 1/4”+, dark blue to B Rhus aromatica W Leaf has 3 stalked leaflets, W Drupe to 1/4”, densely hairy, W Rhus glabra U black, pendant. Not edible variable in shape, aromatic red at maturity. Not edible when crushed. Stems to 7’ without specific preparation

Sumac - Smooth* Sumac - Smooth* Sumac - Smooth* Sumac - Staghorn* Sumac - Staghorn*

Twigs smooth & spotted, no U Leaf - 11 to 31 leaflets; leaf U Drupes, red, hairy, 1/8 to U Rhus typhina U Twigs with dense fine hair. U hair. Flower cluster more rachis without hair. Stems 10 1/4” dia. Not edible without Flower cluster more closed open than Staghorn Sumac -15’ high specific preparation than Smooth Sumac

Sumac - Staghorn* Sumac - Staghorn* Curly Dock Curly Dock Broadleaf Burweed

Leaf - 9-29 leaflets, leaf U Drupes red at maturity, hairy,U Rumex crispus U Leaves lance-shape, curly U Sparganium eurycarpum W rachis with hair. Stems to 35’ 1/8 - 1/4”. Not edible without (AKA - Yellow Dock) but smooth edge, dull green. L when growing as a tree specific preparation Stems 4-5’ high

Broadleaf Burweed Tall Meadow Rue Tall Meadow Rue Tall Meadow Rue Tall Meadow Rue

Green to white flowers in W Thalictrum dasycarpum U 3 to 5’ tall, plants dioecious, U Female flowers U Stem leaves sparse, U round heads, zigzaging 1-3’ L (AKA - Purple Meadow Rue) flowers in compound panicle stalkless, hairy beneath, stalk. Leaves like cattails Male flowers shown of many branches longer than wide

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 29 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Western Poison Ivy Western Poison Ivy Western Poison Ivy Hyssop - Blue Giant

Toxicodendron rydbergii W Leaf -3 leaflets, shiny dark W Berry dull ivory in Fall; Fall W B Agastache foeniculum U (AKA - Poison Ivy) green, bronze when new, leaves red when in full sun. (AKA - Anise Hyssop) “leaves of 3, leave them be” All toxic. Stems 6-24” high

Hyssop - Blue Giant Hyssop - Blue Giant Leadplant Leadplant Eastern Bluestar

Flower calyx blue to purple, U Leaf opposite, triangular; U Amorpha canescens U Leaves pinnate, 13-25 pairs U Amsonia tabernaemontana U corolla lighter, verticillaster upper leaves more narrow. leaflets, gray hair under. (AKA - Willow Amsonia) arrangement. Plant 2-4’ high Anise scent when crushed Flower-1 petal. Bushy 1-3’

Eastern Bluestar False Blue Indigo False Blue Indigo False Blue Indigo Downy Wood Mint

Leaves bright green, smooth,U Baptisia australis U Leaf tri-foliate, leaflets with U Pods, black at maturity, held U Blephilia cilata U alternate, like willow leaves. (AKA - Blue Wild Indigo) blunt tip, smooth edges. upright, inflated, kidney (Stem hair short, fuzzy or Stems 1-2.5’ high Plant 2-4’ high, bushy shaped brown seeds appressed)

Downy Wood Mint Hairy Wood Mint Hairy Wood Mint Bristly Bellflower Bristly Bellflower

Leaf: Upper lance-like, lower U Blephilia hirsuta W Leaf: More egg-shaped, few W Campanula cervicaria U Flowers in separated U ovate, coarse teeth, hair on (AKA - Hoary Wood Mint) coarse teeth, hairy; long hair (AKA - Bristly Bluebells) clusters, 1-2’ stem hairy; leaf edge & under, aromatic; to 3’ on 1 to 3 foot stem Invasive narrow, wavy, hairy

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 30 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

European Bellflower European Bellflower Tall Bellflower Tall Bellflower Tall Bellflower

Campanula rapunculoides U Lower leaves stalked, heart U Campanulastrum W Flowers in tall spike, pale W Upper leaves lance-shape, W (AKA - Rampion Bellflower) shape base; upper stalkless, americanum nectar ring in flower center. lower egg shape (shown); lance-shaped. Stem 1-3’ hi (AKA - American Bellflower) Stem 2-4’, not branched toothed edges, alternate

Chicory - Blue Type Chicory - Blue type Chicory - Blue type Willowherb Willowherb

Cichorium intybus U 1 to 6’. Basal leaf (shown) U Stem leaf short, stalkless U Epilobium coloratum W Leaf oblong, toothed edges, W (Flowers are white on some long, sharp dentations with clasping auricle; may L sometimes purplish in L plants) resembling a dandelion leaf have fine teeth Autumn. Stem 2-4’ high

Willowherb Virginia Waterleaf Virginia Waterleaf Blue Flag Iris Blue Flag Iris

After the seed pods open in W Hydrophyllum virginianum B Leaves stalked, 3 - 7 lobes, B Iris versicolor W Leaves strap-like, to 40” W Autumn. Stem branched L (AKA - Eastern Waterleaf) larger have tip and base L long, rise from root, not L segment separated. 6-18” hi higher than flowers

Wild Lupine Wild Lupine True Forget-me-not True Forget-me-not Silvery Scurf-pea

Lupinus perennis U Leaves divided into 7 - 11 U Myosotis scorpioides W Leaves alternate, stalkless, W Pediomelum argophyllum U leaflets, smooth edges, fine L one center vein, hair on L hair. Stem 8-24” high margins. Stems thin, 4-12”

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 31 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Silvery Scurf-pea Wild Blue Phlox Wild Blue Phlox Jacob's-ladder Jacob's-ladder

Leaf - 3 to 5 leaflets with U Phlox divaricata B Leaves opposite, sparse, B Polemonium reptans B Plant under 20 inches high, B whitish appressed hair. Stem clasping, fine hair, no teeth. (AKA - Greek Valerian) frequently reclining. Leaf: 7 18-36”. Flowers in whorls Stems 12-18” high -17 leaflets, smooth edges

Marsh Skullcap Marsh Skullcap Mad-dog Skullcap Mad-dog Skullcap Climbing Nightshade

Scutellaria galericulata W Flowers mostly solitary from W Scutellaria lateriflora W Flowers in raceme, barely W Solanum dulcamara B L leaf axils, petals curved. L L curved petals. Leaves L (AKA - Bittersweet Leaf barely stalked. 6-32” hi stalked. Stem 12-28” high Nightshade)

Climbing Nightshade Climbing Nightshade Bluejacket Bluejacket Blue Vervain

Leaf: 1 large terminal lobe B Berries red at maturity, 1/4”, B Tradescantia ohiensis U Plant erect, usually U Verbena hastata W and 2 to 4 smaller lobes. toxic to children. Vine w/out (AKA - Ohio Spiderwort) branched, leaves flat, sheath (AKA Swamp Vervain) Stalk forms a small wing tendrils 1-8 feet long at stem. Stem 16-40” high

Blue Vervain Prairie Birdsfoot Violet Prairie Birdsfoot Violet Wild Garlic

Leaf lance-like, coarse teeth,W Viola pedatifida U Bearded, white throat U B Allium canadense U under with hair; lower have (AKA - Larkspur Violet) patches; stemless. Leaf basal lobes. Stem to 40” pinnately divided

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 32 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Wild Garlic Wild Garlic Leadplant Leadplant Spreading Dogbane

Flowering begins when U Leaves rise from stem base, U Amorpha canescens U Leaves pinnate, 13-25 pairs U Apocynum U sheath opens. Not all bulbils are flat with a keel. Scape to leaflets, gray hair under. androsaemifolium will flower 24” high Flower-1 petal. Bushy 1-3’

Spreading Dogbane Wild Ginger Wild Ginger Wild Ginger Swamp Milkweed

Leaves opposite, stems and U Asarum canadense W Leaves - 2 per plant, up to 6”W Flower is at base of plant W Asclepias incarnata W stalks reddish in sun, to 3’ hi. (AKA - Canadian Wild wide, hairy stalks and stem. Plant to 8” high; L Flowers resemble a bell Ginger) underside; stem prostrate spreading to form colonies

Swamp Milkweed Common Milkweed Common Milkweed Downy Wood Mint Downy Wood Mint

Leaves stalkless to clasping, W Asclepias syriaca U Leaves opposite, ovate, U Blephilia cilata U Leaf: Upper lance-like, lower U smooth both sides. Umbels L (Umbels nodding) hairy under, prominent (Stem hair short, fuzzy or ovate, coarse teeth, hair on erect. Stem to 6’ high yellow center rib. Stem 3-6’ appressed) edge & under, aromatic. to 3’

Hairy Wood Mint Hairy Wood Mint Spotted Knapweed Spotted Knapweed Fireweed

Blephilia hirsuta W Leaf: More egg-shaped, few U Centaurea stoebe U Leaves deeply lobed; U Chamerion angustifolium U (AKA - Hoary Wood Mint) coarse teeth, hairy, long hair (Invasive) phyllaries in several series on 1 to 3 foot stem with black tips. Stems to 3’

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 33 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Fireweed Fireweed Thistle - Canada Thistle - Canada Thistle - Canada

Stem erect, 4-6’ high; leaves U Leaf ID - lateral veins join a U Cirsium arvense U Deep indentations on leaf, U Flower head to 1/2” wide; U 5x long as wide, smooth, loop vein on leaf margin (invasive) hard needle-like prickles on Phyllaries tightly appressed, almost stalkless margins. Stem 1-4’ high spreading tips, no spines

Showy Lady's Slipper Showy Lady's Slipper Purple Prairie Clover Purple Prairie Clover Ticktrefoil-Point’d-leaved

Cypripedium reginae W Flowers 1 to 3 on hairy 2’ W Dalea purpurea U Leaves compound, odd # of U Desmodium glutinosum U L stems. Leaves numerous, L thin leaflets, 3 to 9, smooth, clasp stem - skin irritant gland dots. Stem 8-30” high

Ticktrefoil-Point’d-leaved Ticktrefoil-Point’d-leaved Bush Honeysuckle* Bush Honeysuckle* Grecian Foxglove

Leaves in cluster on upper U Inflorescence tall, branched; U Diervilla lonicera U Leaves opposite, flowers in U Digitalis lanata U stem, 3-parted, leaflets oval, the whorl-like leaf cluster is (AKA - Northern Bush small panicle at stem tip. (Invasive) with pointed tip. Stem 1-4’ at inflorescence base Honeysuckle) Pink type Most flws yellow; low shrub

Grecian Foxglove Willowherb Willowherb Willowherb Eastern Wahoo*

Leaves linear, with hair near U Epilobium coloratum W Leaf oblong, toothed edges, W After the seed pods open in W Euonymus atropurpureus B stem. Stem 2-5’ high, L sometimes purplish in L Autumn. Stems branched L purplish Autumn. Stem 2-4’ high

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 34 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Eastern Wahoo* Eastern Wahoo* Queen of the Prairie Queen of the Prairie Wild Geranium

Leggy, 6-20’; flower clusters B Fruit - Mature capsules red, B Filipendula rubra W Up to 7 separated lobed W Geranium maculatum W tiny, rising from the leaf axils; to 1/2 inch wide, 3 or 4 L leaflets, tip leaflet with 7-9 L (AKA - Spotted Geranium) leaf oblong, fine teeth lobes. Beautiful but toxic lobes; reddish 3-6’ stem

Wild Geranium Dame's Rocket -pink Dame’s Rocket - Pink Dame’s Rocket - Pink Veiny Pea

Basal leaves palmate, 5 - 7 W Hesperis matronalis W Leaves alternate, lance W Pink or white flowers; stem W Lathyrus venosus U lobes. Pair small leaves on (AKA - Sweet Rocket) L shape, toothed. Flowers in L little branched, fine hair, 2-5 L (AKA - Veiny Vetchling) flower stem. To 24” high loose terminal cluster foot high

Veiny Pea Veiny Pea Veiny Pea Motherwort Motherwort

Specific ID: 2-lobed arrow- U Leaf with tendril, 8-12 U Pods resemble the garden U Leonurus cardiaca W Top section of plant; flowers W shaped leaf stipule clasps leaflets arranged pea, but flat, not inflated in verticillasters with inter- stem. Stem to 3’ long asymmetrically spaced bracts. Stems 18-60”

Motherwort Wild Mint Wild Mint Wild Mint Heartleaf Four O'clock

Leaves- lower 5-lobed, W Mentha arvensis W Leaves opposite, stalked, W Plant to 2-1/2’ high, little W Mirabilis nyctaginea U middle 3-lobed, upper entire L toothed. Flowers pink to L branching, no flowers on top L (AKA - Wild Four O'clock) white in verticillasters of the stem

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 35 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Heartleaf Four O'clock Heartleaf Four O'clock Purple Bergamot Purple Bergamot Showy Beardtongue

Flowers form inside a star- U Leaves paired, oval, heart- U Monarda media U Leaves opposite, stalked, U Penstemon grandiflorus U shaped cup-like bract which shape base, smooth surface, (Leaf same as Wild grayish-green, triangular (AKA - Large-flowered holds 1 to 5 flowers stalked. Stem 1-3’ high Bergamot) base - same as Wild Beardtongue) Bergamot

Showy Beardtongue Downy Phlox Downy Phlox Wild Roses Wild Rose Fruit

Leaves opposite, stalkless toU Phlox pilosa U Leaves less than 1/2” wide, U U All the wild roses here U clasping, thick, fleshy, bluish (Flowers in branched stems and leaves with fine produce a reddish rounded green waxy look. 2-4’ stem clusters) whitish hair. Stem 6-24” high fruit called a hip

Prickly Rose* Prickly Rose* Prickly Rose* Prickly Rose* Prairie Wild Rose*

Rosa acicularlis U Stems branched, densely U Flowers solitary on prior yearU Leaf stipules with two U Rosa arkansana U prickled near base, fewer side branches. Leaflets 5-9, outward turned teeth (Flower buds single or in prickles on new growth may have short stalks clusters of 2 or 3)

Prairie Wild Rose* Prairie Wild Rose* Prairie Wild Rose* Smooth Rose* Smooth Rose*

Multiple short stems, many U Flowers on new growth; U Leaf stipule with two outwardU Rosa blanda U Short plant, branched, few U lower stem prickles, little leaves 9-11 leaflets, may turned teeth, no hair. Sparse (Flower buds usually in stem prickles, except at base branching have short stalks prickles on upper stems clusters) of old stems

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 36 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Smooth Rose* Smooth Rose* Pasture Rose* Pasture Rose* Pasture Rose*

Flowers on laterals from last U Leaf stipule with two U Rosa carolina U Glandular hair on sepals andU Stems erect, not branched, U years growth; leaves 5-9 elongated pointed teeth. (AKA - Carolina Rose) flower stalks few slim prickles at stem leaflets (usually 7 & stalked) May have glandular hair nodes, more on lower stem

Pasture Rose* Pasture Rose* Climbing Rose* Climbing Rose* Climbing Rose*

Flowers solitary. Leaflets 5 toU Leaf stipule with two outwardU Rosa setigera U Stems arching, vine-like, few U Leaf of 3 shining leaflets (at U 7(or 9), lateral leaflets not turned toothed tips, look like (AKA - Illinois Rose) short stubby curved prickles, times 5), terminal leaflet stalked, terminal stalked wings flower clusters - new growth stalked; leaf stalk w/fine hair

Climbing Rose* Wood’s Rose* Wood’s Rose* Wood’s Rose* Wood’s Rose*

Leaf stipule hairless, reddish,U Rosa woodsii U Tallest wild rose, stems 3 to U Flowers on laterals from last U Leaf stipule very wide with U outward turned tips (Flowers buds single or 10 feet, reddish, curved years growth; leaflets 5-9 toothed edges cluster of up to 3) prickles (not dense) with or without stalk

Bouncing Bet - Pink Bouncing Bet Lanceleaf Figwort Lanceleaf Figwort Lanceleaf Figwort

Saponaria officinalis U Leaves opposite, elongated U Scrophularia lanceolata U Stems to 6’ with flat sides, U Leaves stalked, lance-shape,U (AKA - Soapwort- Pink ovals, smooth, wavy, 3-5 erect, flowers in open widely dbl-toothed margins, base Flower type) prominent veins. To 2’+ high branched panicle never heart-shaped

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 37 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Climbing Nightshade Climbing Nightshade Climbing Nightshade Snowberry* Snowberry*

Solanum dulcamara B Leaf: 1 large terminal lobe B Berries red at maturity, 1/4”, B Symphoricarpos albus W Leaves opposite, simple, W (AKA - Bittersweet and 2 to 4 smaller lobes. toxic to children. Vine w/out oval, blunt ends; flowers in Nightshade) Stalk forms a small wing tendrils 1-8 feet long cluster at twig tip. Stem 3-6’

Snowberry* Bracted Spiderwort Bracted Spiderwort Red Clover Red Clover

Drupes white, round, to 3/8”, W Tradescantia bracteata U 2 long green leaf-like bracts U Trifolium pratense U Leaf 3-parted, hairy edges, U waxy surface. Not palatable (Leaves flat, linear, 8 to 10x spread horizontal under (Stems to 30” high) lighter color chevron; green long as wide) flowers. Stem 8-24” high veined bract under flower

Hoary Vervain Hoary Vervain Hoary Vervain American Vetch American Vetch

Verbena stricta W Leaf: sharp coarse teeth, W Plant to 3+ feet high, stems W Vicia americana B Leaf: 8-16 leaflets, 1 to 3 B short stalk, underside with dusty looking with long branching tendrils at leaf tip. fine whitish hair whitish hair Vining stems to 3’ long

American Vetch American Vetch Wild Columbine Wild Columbine

Leaf stipule pairs pointed B Pods resemble garden pea B B Aquilegia canadensis B Leaves divided into 3-leaflet B with 3 sharp teeth in middle pods but flat with 2+ brown (AKA - Red Columbine) groups, each leaflet cleft at of each - key ID point seeds tips. Stems 1-3’ high

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 38 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Common Dodder Water Horsetail Water Horsetail Orange Day Lily Orange Hawkweed

Cuscuta gronovii B Equisetum fluviatile W Stem 2-3’ unbranched, sporeW Hemerocallis fulva U Hieracium aurantiacum U (Parasitic - no leaves. Many L strobilus atop stem, not on L (2-4’ high, leaves strap-like) similar species) separate stem

Orange Hawkweed Orange Hawkweed Michigan Lily Michigan Lily Michigan Lily

Leaves all basal, elongated, U 13-30 phyllaries in 2 series, U Lilium michiganense B No green star at tepal base B Leaves in whorls; 3-7 per B no lobes or teeth, very hairy. hairy, some hair glandular stamens spreading from whorl typical. Stems 5-7’ Stem 6-24” high base; flowers pendant high

Wood Lily Wood Lily Turk’s-cap Lily Turk’s-cap Lily Turk’s-cap Lily

Lilium philadelphicum U A leaf whorl at top of stem, U Lilium superbum B Leaves in whorls; 3-9+ per B Green star at tepal base. B may have other whorls or (Flowers pendant, Stamens whorl typical Tepals fully reflexed alternate leaves below. To 4’ spreading near tips.)

Turk’s-cap Lily Flame Azalea* Flame Azalea* Horse Gentian Horse Gentian

Plant to 7’+ high. Flowers B Rhododendron W Leaves deep gloss green, W Triosteum perfoliatum U Leaves egg shape, opposite U long-stalked, 1 to 22 in calendulaceum leather like (AKA - Late Horse Gentian) and appear connected at 2 terminal cluster to 4 foot high stem

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 39 These are summer flowering plants that you may encounter on a visit between June 1st and mid-July. Not all bloom at same time. Alternate common names Early Summer Wildflowers for plants are shown in ( ). Woody plants have an *. After the scientific name is a code for Garden Location Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden U = Upland, W = Woodland, B = Both areas

Horse Gentian Cattail - Narrow-leaved Cattail - Common Cattail - leaves

Flowers in leaf axils. Drupes U Typha angustifolia W Typha latifolia W Common - leaves to 1” wide; W 1/3 to 1/2 inch with sepals (Gap between brown flower L (No gap between brown L Narrow - leaves to 1/2” wide L persistent, used for coffee sections) flower sections) but thicker. Stems 3-9’ high

©2020 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. “www.friendsofeloisebutler.org” Page 40