Was? Wie? Wo? H¨a?

Hauke Stieler

30. Oktober 2018

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 1 / 27 1 Linux

2 Kernel

3 GNU

4 Distributionen

5 Installation

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 2 / 27 Wat is Linux?

Eigentlich: GNU/ und kein Betriebssystem 1991 von angekundigt¨ UNIXoid (so wie MacOS auch)

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 3 / 27 Linus Torvalds

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 4 / 27 Linus Torvalds

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 5 / 27 Warum Linux?

Du bist Informatiker! Lerne was neues, erweitere deinen Horizont Volle Kontrolle uber¨ das Betriebssystem Flexibel anpassbar Fur¨ Programmierer besser geeignet Paketverwaltung Besseres Sicherheitskonzept

A free world In a world without borders, fences and walls, who needs Gates and Windows?

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 6 / 27 Vorurteile

Nur was fur¨ Nerds Zu kompliziert Man kann nicht zocken Zu unsicher weil open source Zu wenig verbreitet, kein support Schlechte Hardware Unterstutzung¨ Kann keine MP3/MP4/... abspielen Keine Profi-Anwendungen (Photoshop, Office, etc.) vorhanden

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 7 / 27 Verbreitung

Desktop: 2% Mobil: 70% Server: 70-96% Supercomputer: 100%

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 8 / 27 500/500 Supercomputern

100 Linux 90 Unix k.A./ver. 80 Windows BSD 70 Mac 60 % 50

40

30

20

10

0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 9 / 27 1 Linux

2 Kernel

3 GNU

4 Distributionen

5 Installation

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 10 / 27 Was ist ein Kernel?

Schnittstelle zur Hardware Speicherverwaltung Prozesse & Threads Treiber (zumindest bei Linux)

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 11 / 27 Was ist ein Kernel?

Linux kernel SCI (System Call Interface) Memory Process I/O subsystem management management subsystem subsystem Linux kernel Virtual File System Virtual Signal Terminals Sockets File systems memory handling

Netfilter / Nftables Generic block layer Paging process/thread Network page creation &

Line protocols Linux kernel replacement termination discipline Linux kernel I/O Scheduler Packet Scheduler Character Network Block Linux kernel Page Process device device device cache Scheduler drivers drivers drivers IRQs Dispatcher

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 12 / 27 1 Linux

2 Kernel

3 GNU

4 Distributionen

5 Installation

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 13 / 27 Was ist GNU?

GNU is not UNIX Betriebssystem Freie Software (GPL lizenziert) Entstanden auf dem GNU-Projekt Initiiert von Richard Stallman Offenes¨ UNIX-¨ahnliches Betriebssystem schaffen GPL eingefuhrt¨ GCC, GDB, Emacs, cp, rm, ls, ch*, mkdir, whoami, ......

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 14 / 27 Richard Stallman

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 15 / 27 1 Linux

2 Kernel

3 GNU

4 Distributionen

5 Installation

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 16 / 27 Distributionen

Paket“ mit Linux + Software drum rum ” Dienstverwaltung Grafische Benutzeroberfl¨ache Fenstersystem & Desktop Oberfl¨ache Office-Programme, Video- & Musikplayer, Browser, E-Mail, ...

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 17 / 27 Welche Distributionen gibt es?

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 18 / 27 Welche Distributionen gibt es?

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Libranet Omoikane (Arma) GNU/Linux Distributions Timeline Version 17.10 KnoppMyth © Andreas Lundqvist, Donjan Rodic, Mohammed A. Mustafa Danix © Konimex, Fabio Loli and contributors https://github.com/FabioLolix/linuxtimeline Original source: futurist.se/gldt Published under the GNU Free Documentation License Auditor Security Linux Backtrack Kali B2D Influence, developer switching Whoppix WHAX Rebasing, substantial code flow, project overtaking Symphony OS Developer & code sharing, project merging Musix ParallelKnoppix Kaella MAX Feather Medialinux Mediainlinux ArtistX INSERT Aquamorph Morphix ZoneCD Hiwix Hiweed Kalango Poseidon Dizinha NeoDizinha Patinho Faminto DebianEdu Lindows Rxart MEPIS SimplyMEPIS antiX Impi Swift Bluewall K-DEMar kademar Euronode DeadCD Olive Underground Desktop Ulteo Polippix Netrunner Asturix DEFT Bardinux Runtu Voyager GalliumOS Peach OSI Xinutop PC/OS OS4 Black Lab PUD xPUD gNewSense Muslim Edition Sabily Madbox Ubuntulite U-lite Greenie Fluxbuntu CrunchBang Bunsen Labs CrunchBang++ Rescue Remix Ubuntu eee Easy Peasy Leeenux Zorin OS CAINE XBMC Live XBMCbuntu A/V AV Monomaxos wattOS Element Jolicloud SecUntu BackBox Pinguy OS Elementary OS Pear OS TorBOX Ubuntu DesktopPack Ubuntu GNOME Ubuntu MATE KDE Neon Maui Linux -Remix Ubuntu Budgie ChaletOS ExTiX Santoku Mandragora Descent|OS Sn0wL1nuX LuninuX OS Bodhi Dream Studio Tango Studio AriOS GnackTrack Ylmf StartOS OSGeo-Live LXLE Peppermint OS Qimo Vibuntu Newtoos eBox Zentyal MoonOS Ultimate Edition Zebuntu ZevenOS Eeebuntu Aurora OS Kiwi Geubuntu OpenGEU Uberyl ComFusion Satanic Edition Commodore OS Christian Edition nUbuntu Arabian BlankOn VENENUX Tuquito 2XOS Epidemic Librassoc sidux aptosid siduction Webconverger GALPon MiniNo Estrella Roja Metamorphose Canaima Matriux DoudouLinux Linux Mint Edition GNUGuitarINUX Liquid Lemur Snowlinux TurnKey Xamin LinuxBBQ Point Sparky Rescatux Tanglu MX Linux SELKS PrimTux Debian Parrot Refracta HandyLinux RoboLinux ToriOS SteamOS Ye Olde SteamOSe Stephenson's Rocket Rebellin Univention Corporate Server Raspbmc OSMC Raspbian Moode Raspyfi Volumio YunoHost SolusOS OpenMediaVault Red Ribbon SalineOS Progress UberStudent Semplice Untangle Inquisitor Proxmox PelicanHPC BOSS PureOS Brocade Vyatta vRouter NepaLinux VyOS OS2005 Meego Harmattan Mamona Elive LliureX Voyage Resulinux Arco-Debian Arc-Live Clonezilla Live DRBL Guadalinex Amber Xebian ASLinux BlackRhino gnuLiNex Lihuen DeMuDi 64Studio Progeny Gibraltar Storm Corel

SLS MNIS Stampede VectorLinux EvilEntity Topologilinux DeLi ConnochaetOS DeLi(cate) Kwort AUSTRUMI GoblinX Imagineos HostGIS NimbleX Frugalware NetSecL Slackintosh Voltalinux Bluewhite64 Wifislax Draco Wifiway Kongoni Salix Slackel Porteus SlaXBMC Linvo PLATYPUX SMS Superb Mini Server ARMedslack Slackware ARM SL4P Absolute How- RIP pQui Slamd64 MOPSLinux AgiliaLinux KateOS Slack/390 Minislack DARKSTAR Stux STUX Plamo Wolvix Gnu-HALO SLAMPP DNALinux Splack Linux Tiny Burapha Caixa Mágica Stresslinux Linkat S.u.S.E SuSE SUSE Keysoft EasyNAS OpenSUSE GeckoLinux Sun JDS JOPUX United Linux Astaro Sophos UTM

Caldera SCO UltraPenguin Redmond Buhawi Eurielec ALT SAM SAMity OpenSLS Annvix Mandrake Mandriva ROSA OpenMandriva Lx Linux blackPanther Granular Phinx PCLinuxOS Garuda Demolinux TinyMe KRUD Eridani Vine Armed Kondara ELX Miracle Pingo Rocks ASP Independence HP Secure EnGarde BLAG Berry ATmission Momonga MythDora Ekaaty Vixta Simplis Xange eZeY Moblin 2 Mer MeeGo Sailfish OS Hanthana Synergy Fuduntu Parsidora Maui OS Hawaii OS Fedora Core Fedora Chapeau Viperr Korora Fusion Qubes OS VortexBox Ojuba Amahi AsianLinux FoX NST Elastix OpenNode NethServer CentOS Baruwa Rockstor BlueOnyx Asterisk@Home CERN StartCom Endian ServOS Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Oracle Enterprise Tao Scientific White Box PUIAS Springdale Linux SuliX AnNyung Aurox Bayanihan Aurora K12 SuperRescue ClarkConnect ClearOS Best SOT LBA Happy BU Linux Linpus Red Flag Yellow Dog e-smith SME Server Fermi Turbolinux PLD Conectiva LinuxPPC WGS Linux Pro

Gentoox Knopperdisk epiOS Kororaa Papug Toorox Funtoo Chrome OS NayuOS OS Flint OS CloudReady Daphile Porteus Kiosk Enoch Gentoo wtfplay-live CoreOS Container Linux Liberté SystemRescueCD Calculate Pardus RR4 Sabayon Pentoo VidaLinux VLOS Ututo XS Ututo-e

Chakra KahelOS ARM Parabola Bridge Cinnarch AudioPhile Linux Apricity MorpheusArch Linux ARCHLabs Arch OBRevenge OS Revenge OS VeltOS Obarun BlackArch PoliArch Sonar Netrunner Rolling ArchBang CTKarchLive CTKArch AL-AMLUG Archie LinHES

MCC Interim TAMU Yggdrasil DLD LST Bogus Xdenu Linux-FT Mini Trans-Ameritech Unifix Linux Universe Craftworks DILINUX DOSLINUX mkLinux Monkey LEAF Weaver µClinux ROCK T2 Project Ballantin FREESCO Coyote eIT easyLinux ELinOS Peanut aLinux BluePoint NuTyX AryaLinux Linux From Scratch ZENIX KaarPux KaeilOS GPL SmoothWall Express IPCop IPFire CRUX Beehive Leka Rescue Floppy Openwall dyne:bolic OpenWRT Lede Project NetStation Thinstation LPS TENS Sorcerer Lunar Tinfoil Hat LinuxConsole GoboLinux Yoper UHU GeeXboX Macpup Simplicity Puppy Sage Live CD TEENpup Legacy OS Quirky Devil NixOS GuixSD QiLinux Natures Linux Openfiler Octoz Hedinux Specifix rPath Foresight Paldo BrazilFW Jarro Negro Ophcrack Alpine Everest Qomo Parted Magic Hauke Stieler Linux Tiny SliTaz 30. Oktober 2018 19 / 27 openmamba Syllable Server Ångström PLoP Exherbo dCore Tiny Core Nanolinux piCorePlayer Dragora webOS LuneOS LibreELEC OpenELEC Lakka CloudLinux OS 0Linux 4M noop Bedrock AOSC OS KaOS Minimal Linux Live Pisi Linux Evolve OS Clear Linux RancherOS Super Grub2 Disk Void OviOS

Phoenix OS Android-x86 Remix OS Android Wear Android Project Brillo Android Things Android-IA LineageOS CyanogenMod Cyanogen OS

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Ubuntu Family Tree Based on GLDT version 12.10

A. Lundqvist, D. Rodic - futurist.se/gldt Published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Influence, developer switching Rebasing, substantial code flow, project overtaking Developer & code sharing, project merging

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Ulteo Polippix Kubuntu Asturix DEFT Bardinux nUbuntu Christian Edition Commodore OS Welche DistributionenMint gibt es? quantOS Satanic Edition Uberyl ComFusion Ubuntu Studio Moblin Geubuntu OpenGEU Kiwi gOS CrunchBang Ubuntu Rescue Remix Ubuntu eee Easy Peasy Leeenux MoonOS eBox Zentyal Newtoos Vibuntu VINUX Qimo Lubuntu Peppermint OS Chromium OS Ylmf StartOS Netrunner Dax OS AriOS Tango Studio Dream Studio Bodhi Elementary OS Descent|OS Mandragora Santoku Ubuntu Vulnix Hauke Stieler Linux 30. OktoberAirinux 2018 20 / 27 TorBOX Whonix Pear OS P@xtreme Pinguy OS BackBox SecUntu Jolicloud GnackTrack Element Zenix OS wattOS Monomaxos A/V AV XBMC Live CAINE Zorin OS Maryan Ultimate Edition Zebuntu ZevenOS Eeebuntu Aurora OS Fluxbuntu Greenie Ubuntulite U-lite Mythbuntu Madbox Muslim Edition Sabily gNewSense PUD xPUD Xubuntu Edubuntu Arabian

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Desktop: GNOME)

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 21 / 27 Kubuntu 18.04 LTS (Desktop: KDE)

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 22 / 27 Linux Mint 19 Tara (Desktop: Cinnamon)

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 23 / 27 Fedora 28 (Desktop: GNOME)

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 24 / 27 Arch Linux (Desktop: KDE)

(Arch Linux ist nicht unbedingt fur¨ Anf¨anger geeignet)

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 25 / 27 1 Linux

2 Kernel

3 GNU

4 Distributionen

5 Installation

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 26 / 27 Linux installieren in 4 Schritten

Voraussetzung: USB-Stick liegt bereit 1 ISO-Image herunterladen (z.B. von ubuntu.com) 2 Bootf¨ahigen USB-Stick erstellen Windows: Rufus nutzen Linux: sudo dd if=/ubuntu.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=4M && sync MacOS: sudo dd if=/ubuntu.iso of=/dev/diskX bs=4m && sync 3 Neustarten 4 Vom Stick booten (ger¨ateabh¨angig)

Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 27 / 27