Linux Was? Wie? Wo? H¨a?
Hauke Stieler
30. Oktober 2018
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 1 / 27 1 Linux
2 Kernel
3 GNU
4 Distributionen
5 Installation
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 2 / 27 Wat is Linux?
Eigentlich: GNU/Linux Kernel und kein Betriebssystem 1991 von Linus Torvalds angekundigt¨ UNIXoid (so wie MacOS auch)
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 3 / 27 Linus Torvalds
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 4 / 27 Linus Torvalds
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 5 / 27 Warum Linux?
Du bist Informatiker! Lerne was neues, erweitere deinen Horizont Volle Kontrolle uber¨ das Betriebssystem Flexibel anpassbar Fur¨ Programmierer besser geeignet Paketverwaltung Besseres Sicherheitskonzept
A free world In a world without borders, fences and walls, who needs Gates and Windows?
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 6 / 27 Vorurteile
Nur was fur¨ Nerds Zu kompliziert Man kann nicht zocken Zu unsicher weil open source Zu wenig verbreitet, kein support Schlechte Hardware Unterstutzung¨ Kann keine MP3/MP4/... abspielen Keine Profi-Anwendungen (Photoshop, Office, etc.) vorhanden
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 7 / 27 Verbreitung
Desktop: 2% Mobil: 70% Server: 70-96% Supercomputer: 100%
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 8 / 27 500/500 Supercomputern
100 Linux 90 Unix k.A./ver. 80 Windows BSD 70 Mac 60 % 50
40
30
20
10
0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 9 / 27 1 Linux
2 Kernel
3 GNU
4 Distributionen
5 Installation
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 10 / 27 Was ist ein Kernel?
Schnittstelle zur Hardware Speicherverwaltung Prozesse & Threads Treiber (zumindest bei Linux)
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 11 / 27 Was ist ein Kernel?
Linux kernel SCI (System Call Interface) Memory Process I/O subsystem management management subsystem subsystem Linux kernel Virtual File System Virtual Signal Terminals Sockets File systems memory handling
Netfilter / Nftables Generic block layer Paging process/thread Network page creation &
Line protocols Linux kernel replacement termination discipline Linux kernel I/O Scheduler Packet Scheduler Character Network Block Linux kernel Page Process device device device cache Scheduler drivers drivers drivers IRQs Dispatcher
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 12 / 27 1 Linux
2 Kernel
3 GNU
4 Distributionen
5 Installation
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 13 / 27 Was ist GNU?
GNU is not UNIX Betriebssystem Freie Software (GPL lizenziert) Entstanden auf dem GNU-Projekt Initiiert von Richard Stallman Offenes¨ UNIX-¨ahnliches Betriebssystem schaffen GPL eingefuhrt¨ GCC, GDB, Emacs, cp, rm, ls, ch*, mkdir, whoami, ......
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 14 / 27 Richard Stallman
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 15 / 27 1 Linux
2 Kernel
3 GNU
4 Distributionen
5 Installation
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 16 / 27 Distributionen
Paket“ mit Linux + Software drum rum ” Dienstverwaltung Grafische Benutzeroberfl¨ache Fenstersystem & Desktop Oberfl¨ache Office-Programme, Video- & Musikplayer, Browser, E-Mail, ...
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 17 / 27 Welche Distributionen gibt es?
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 18 / 27 Welche Distributionen gibt es?
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Libranet Omoikane (Arma) Quantian GNU/Linux Distributions Timeline Damn Small Linux Version 17.10 Damn Vulnerable Linux KnoppMyth © Andreas Lundqvist, Donjan Rodic, Mohammed A. Mustafa Danix © Konimex, Fabio Loli and contributors Parsix https://github.com/FabioLolix/linuxtimeline Original source: futurist.se/gldt Kanotix Published under the GNU Free Documentation License Auditor Security Linux Backtrack Kali B2D Influence, developer switching Whoppix WHAX Rebasing, substantial code flow, project overtaking Symphony OS Developer & code sharing, project merging Knoppix Musix ParallelKnoppix Kaella MAX Feather Medialinux Mediainlinux ArtistX INSERT Aquamorph Dreamlinux Morphix ZoneCD Hiwix Hiweed Deepin Kalango Kurumin Poseidon Dizinha NeoDizinha Patinho Faminto Skolelinux DebianEdu Lindows Linspire Freespire Rxart MEPIS SimplyMEPIS antiX Impi Swift Bluewall K-DEMar kademar Euronode DeadCD Olive Underground Desktop Ulteo Polippix Netrunner Kubuntu Asturix DEFT Bardinux Gobuntu Runtu Voyager GalliumOS Xubuntu Peach OSI Xinutop PC/OS OS4 Black Lab PUD xPUD gNewSense Muslim Edition Sabily Madbox Mythbuntu Ubuntulite U-lite Greenie Fluxbuntu CrunchBang Bunsen Labs CrunchBang++ Ubuntu Rescue Remix Ubuntu eee Easy Peasy Leeenux Zorin OS CAINE XBMC Live XBMCbuntu A/V AV Monomaxos wattOS Element Jolicloud SecUntu BackBox Pinguy OS Elementary OS Pear OS TorBOX Whonix Ubuntu DesktopPack Ubuntu GNOME Ubuntu Kylin Ubuntu MATE KDE Neon Maui Linux Ubuntu Budgie-Remix Ubuntu Budgie ChaletOS ExTiX Linux Lite Santoku Mandragora Descent|OS Sn0wL1nuX LuninuX OS Bodhi Dream Studio Tango Studio AriOS GnackTrack Ylmf StartOS OSGeo-Live Lubuntu LXLE Peppermint OS Qimo Vibuntu VINUX Newtoos eBox Zentyal MoonOS Ultimate Edition Zebuntu ZevenOS Eeebuntu Aurora OS Kiwi Geubuntu OpenGEU Moblin Ubuntu Studio Uberyl ComFusion Satanic Edition Linux Mint Commodore OS Christian Edition nUbuntu Edubuntu Arabian MoLinux BlankOn Trisquel VENENUX Tuquito 2XOS Epidemic Librassoc sidux aptosid siduction Webconverger GALPon MiniNo Estrella Roja Metamorphose Canaima Matriux DoudouLinux Linux Mint Debian Edition GNUGuitarINUX Liquid Lemur Snowlinux TurnKey Xamin LinuxBBQ Point Sparky Rescatux armbian Tanglu MX Linux SELKS PrimTux Debian Parrot Devuan Refracta HandyLinux RoboLinux ToriOS SteamOS Ye Olde SteamOSe Stephenson's Rocket Rebellin Univention Corporate Server Raspbmc OSMC Raspbian Moode Raspyfi Volumio YunoHost SolusOS OpenMediaVault Red Ribbon SalineOS Progress UberStudent Semplice Tails Untangle Inquisitor Proxmox PelicanHPC BOSS PureOS Vyatta Brocade Vyatta vRouter NepaLinux VyOS OS2005 Maemo Meego Harmattan Mamona Elive LliureX Voyage Resulinux Arco-Debian Arc-Live grml Clonezilla Live DRBL Guadalinex Amber Xebian ASLinux BlackRhino gnuLiNex Lihuen DeMuDi 64Studio Progeny Gibraltar Storm Corel Xandros
SLS MNIS Stampede VectorLinux EvilEntity Topologilinux DeLi ConnochaetOS DeLi(cate) Kwort AUSTRUMI GoblinX Imagineos HostGIS NimbleX Frugalware NetSecL Slackintosh Voltalinux Bluewhite64 Wifislax Draco Wifiway Kongoni Salix Slackel Slackware Porteus SlaXBMC Linvo PLATYPUX SMS Superb Mini Server ARMedslack Slackware ARM SL4P Absolute How-Tux RIP pQui Slamd64 MOPSLinux AgiliaLinux Kate KateOS Slack/390 Minislack Zenwalk DARKSTAR Stux STUX Plamo Wolvix Gnu-HALO Slax SLAMPP DNALinux Splack Linux Tiny Burapha Caixa Mágica Stresslinux Linkat S.u.S.E SuSE SUSE Keysoft EasyNAS OpenSUSE GeckoLinux Sun JDS JOPUX United Linux Astaro Sophos UTM
Caldera SCO UltraPenguin Redmond Lycoris Buhawi Eurielec ALT SAM SAMity OpenSLS Annvix Mageia Mandrake Mandriva ROSA OpenMandriva Lx Unity Linux blackPanther Granular Phinx PCLinuxOS Garuda Demolinux TinyMe KRUD Eridani Vine Armed Kondara ELX Finnix Miracle Asianux Pingo Rocks ASP Independence HP Secure EnGarde BLAG Berry ATmission Momonga MythDora Ekaaty Vixta Simplis Xange eZeY Moblin 2 Mer MeeGo Sailfish OS Tizen Hanthana Synergy Fuduntu Parsidora Maui OS Hawaii OS Fedora Core Fedora Chapeau Viperr Korora Fusion Qubes OS VortexBox Ojuba Amahi AsianLinux FoX NST Elastix OpenNode NethServer CentOS Baruwa Rockstor BlueOnyx Asterisk@Home trixbox CERN StartCom Endian ServOS Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Oracle Enterprise Oracle Linux Tao Scientific White Box PUIAS Springdale Linux SuliX AnNyung Aurox Bayanihan Aurora K12 SuperRescue ClarkConnect ClearOS Best SOT LBA Happy BU Linux Trustix Linpus Immunix Red Flag Yellow Dog e-smith SME Server Fermi Turbolinux PLD Conectiva LinuxPPC WGS Linux Pro
Gentoox Knopperdisk epiOS Kororaa Papug Toorox Funtoo Chrome OS NayuOS Chromium OS Flint OS CloudReady Daphile Porteus Kiosk Enoch Gentoo wtfplay-live CoreOS Container Linux Liberté Nova SystemRescueCD Calculate Pardus RR4 Sabayon Pentoo VidaLinux VLOS Ututo Ututo XS Ututo-e
Chakra KahelOS Arch Linux ARM Parabola Bridge Cinnarch Antergos AudioPhile Linux Apricity MorpheusArch Linux ARCHLabs Arch OBRevenge OS Revenge OS VeltOS Obarun BlackArch PoliArch Sonar Manjaro Netrunner Rolling ArchBang CTKarchLive CTKArch AL-AMLUG Archie LinHES
MCC Interim TAMU Yggdrasil DLD LST Bogus Xdenu Linux-FT Mini Jurix Trans-Ameritech Unifix Linux Universe Craftworks DILINUX DOSLINUX mkLinux Monkey Linux Router Project LEAF Weaver Nitix µClinux ROCK T2 Project Ballantin FREESCO tomsrtbt Coyote eIT easyLinux ELinOS Peanut aLinux BluePoint NuTyX AryaLinux Linux From Scratch ZENIX KaarPux KaeilOS SmoothWall GPL SmoothWall Express IPCop IPFire CRUX Beehive Midori Leka Rescue Floppy Openwall dyne:bolic OpenWRT Lede Project Ark NetStation Thinstation LPS TENS Source Mage Sorcerer Lunar Tinfoil Hat LinuxConsole GoboLinux Yoper UHU GeeXboX Macpup Simplicity Puppy Sage Live CD TEENpup Legacy OS Quirky Devil NixOS GuixSD QiLinux Natures Linux Openfiler Octoz Hedinux Specifix rPath Foresight Paldo BrazilFW Jarro Negro Ophcrack Alpine Everest Qomo Zeroshell Parted Magic SliTaz Hauke Stieler Linux Tiny SliTaz 30. Oktober 2018 19 / 27 openmamba Syllable Server Ångström PLoP Exherbo dCore Tiny Core Nanolinux piCorePlayer Dragora webOS LuneOS LibreELEC OpenELEC Lakka CloudLinux OS 0Linux 4M noop Bedrock AOSC OS KaOS Minimal Linux Live Pisi Linux Evolve OS Solus Clear Linux RancherOS Super Grub2 Disk Void OviOS
Phoenix OS Android-x86 Remix OS Android Wear Android Project Brillo Android Things Android-IA LineageOS CyanogenMod Cyanogen OS
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Ubuntu Family Tree Based on GLDT version 12.10
A. Lundqvist, D. Rodic - futurist.se/gldt Published under the GNU Free Documentation License
Influence, developer switching Rebasing, substantial code flow, project overtaking Developer & code sharing, project merging
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Ulteo Polippix Kubuntu Asturix DEFT Bardinux nUbuntu Christian Edition Commodore OS Welche DistributionenMint gibt es? quantOS Satanic Edition Uberyl ComFusion Ubuntu Studio Moblin Geubuntu OpenGEU Kiwi gOS CrunchBang Ubuntu Rescue Remix Ubuntu eee Easy Peasy Leeenux MoonOS eBox Zentyal Newtoos Vibuntu VINUX Qimo Lubuntu Peppermint OS Chromium OS Ylmf StartOS Netrunner Dax OS AriOS Tango Studio Dream Studio Bodhi Elementary OS Descent|OS Mandragora Santoku Ubuntu Vulnix Hauke Stieler Linux 30. OktoberAirinux 2018 20 / 27 TorBOX Whonix Pear OS P@xtreme Pinguy OS BackBox SecUntu Jolicloud GnackTrack Element Zenix OS wattOS Monomaxos A/V AV XBMC Live CAINE Zorin OS Maryan Ultimate Edition Zebuntu ZevenOS Eeebuntu Aurora OS Fluxbuntu Greenie Ubuntulite U-lite Mythbuntu Madbox Muslim Edition Sabily gNewSense PUD xPUD Xubuntu Edubuntu Arabian
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Desktop: GNOME)
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 21 / 27 Kubuntu 18.04 LTS (Desktop: KDE)
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 22 / 27 Linux Mint 19 Tara (Desktop: Cinnamon)
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 23 / 27 Fedora 28 (Desktop: GNOME)
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 24 / 27 Arch Linux (Desktop: KDE)
(Arch Linux ist nicht unbedingt fur¨ Anf¨anger geeignet)
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 25 / 27 1 Linux
2 Kernel
3 GNU
4 Distributionen
5 Installation
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 26 / 27 Linux installieren in 4 Schritten
Voraussetzung: USB-Stick liegt bereit 1 ISO-Image herunterladen (z.B. von ubuntu.com) 2 Bootf¨ahigen USB-Stick erstellen Windows: Rufus nutzen Linux: sudo dd if=/ubuntu.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=4M && sync MacOS: sudo dd if=/ubuntu.iso of=/dev/diskX bs=4m && sync 3 Neustarten 4 Vom Stick booten (ger¨ateabh¨angig)
Hauke Stieler Linux 30. Oktober 2018 27 / 27