Supporting a values-filled approach in Aotearoa through Indigenous Tourism

Dr Sharleen Howison & Dr Freya Higgins-Desbiolles

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Indigenous people of Aotearoa

Māori are the indigenous people of Aotearoa and their story is both long and intriguing. On the basis of oral records, archaeological finds and genetic analyses, historical treatises place the arrival of Māori in New Zealand in the thirteenth century AD (Māori.com)

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Indigenous Tourism in Aotearoa

Take-up of Māori tourism activities jumped by almost a fifth to more 4 than 3.82 million visits for the year ended 30 June 2016(Mahuta, 2017)

Alongside this has been a proliferation of small to medium Māori tourism enterprises – many of which start off small and are initiated by whānau or family groups (Mahuta, 2017)

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Indigenous Tourism

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Māori Values

Tikanga Kaitiakitanga Whanaungatanga

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Māori Values Manaakitanga Wairua Tangata Whenua

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Values Filled Approach based on Tourism Educators Futures Initiative

Stewardship: Exercising an ethic of care by upholding principles associated with sustainability, responsibility, and service to the community

Knowledge: Developing critical thinking, innovation, creativity, and networking, and appreciating different sources and 6 types of knowledge about tourism

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Values Filled Approach based on Tourism Educators Futures Initiative

Professionalism: Aspiring to the highest standards of professional practice underpinned by leadership, practicality, services, relevance, timeliness, reflexivity, teamwork, and partnerships

Ethics: Engaging in good action and decision-making, underpinned by honesty, fairness, transparency, and authentic dialogue

Mutual respect: Embracing a humanistic approach to tourism, including a respect for diversity, inclusion, equity, humility, and collaboration

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Whale Watch Kaikoura

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Whale Watch Video

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Whale Watch Kaikoura

5 Key values Customer (Manaakitanga) Company ( Tino Rangatiratanga) Community ( Whanui) Conservation (Kaitiakitanga) Culture (Whakapapa)

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Whale Watch Kaikoura • Ngāti Kuri leaders like (The late) Bill Solomon believed the local Sperm Whales held the answer to the unemployment problems of the Māori community. • Whale Watch is a multiple national and international award winning New Zealand nature-based Tourism Company owned and operated by the indigenous Ngāti Kuri people of Kaikōura, a Māori sub-tribe of the 's larger Ngāi Tahu Tribe. • Paikea and Tohorā still form the symbolic centre of Whale Watch. They represent the spiritual bond between the human world and the natural world and speak of the possibilities.

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Kapiti Island Nature Tours

KAPITI ISLAND NATURE TOURS

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Kapiti Island Nature Tours Video

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Kapiti Island Nature Tours • Since 1820 the whanau (family) has been connected to Kapiti Island. Their ancestor Te Rangihiroa first arrived with the migration led by from the Waikato region, settling on Kapiti as base and stronghold. Since then, 8 generations of their whanau have had a place on Kapiti Island. • In the late 1800's and early 1900's that included a homestead at Waiorua run by Utauta Parata, who was well known for her hospitality - a tradition they continue. They take their responsibily as kaitiaki (guardians) of this land and the precious taonga (treasures) it shelters very seriously.

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TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Kapiti Island Nature Tours • Because their family held on to private ownership of one small piece of Kapiti Island they’re able to maintain our presence and continue to welcome visitors on to both the Nature Reserve and also our family land, where they can share both the human and natural history we know so well. • Today Kapiti Island Nature Tours is a whanau business that allows for members of their family to live on the island and carry on their role as hosts and guardians. They take great pride in sharing their passion and commitment to the crucial part Kapiti plays in Aotearoa's ecological and cultural story.

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TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Kapiti Island Nature Tours • The business includes ferry transport, guided walking tours and overnight stays with the visitor offering structured around four main kaupapa (values) - kaitiakitanga (guardianship), kotahitanga (unity), manaakitanga (hospitality) and whanaungatanga (kinship). • Kapiti Island Nature Tour's primary focus is the protection of the flora and fauna of the island and they are proud to host visitors, sharing with them an authentic nature and cultural experience. • The business won the Department of Conservation Environmental Tourism Award in 2018.

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Wanaka Haka wine tour and cultural Māori experience • Personalised small group tour by owner manager Joe Waide who is of Maori descent • Air bnb superhost and some accommodation included • Immersion within powhiri and connection with the whenua • Hongi, haka, tikanga, history and values of the region are part of the experience in Wanaka

https://www.airbnb.co.nz/experiences/47672?sectionId=6abe250c-9608-4c8f-8c64-

8484e4ba1d80&source=homes_pdp

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Wanaka Haka wine tour and cultural Māori experience

• https://

‘Great news to get Cert of Excellence 2019 from all the humbling and lovely reviews from WanaHaka manuhiri/visitors who are now whanau/family. Would not be where we are without you. #kiaora #lovewanaka #mustdonz #queenstownlive #purenz #pinotnoir #centralotagowine’

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia “A value- filled approach through indigenous tourism raises cultural awareness for visitors and hopefully makes them more thoughtful of their own values after their experience”

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Bibliography

• www.Whalewatch.co.nz • Diamond, P. (2014). Te tāpoi Māori – Māori tourism - Preserving

• www.Kapititours.co.nz culture. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved from

http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/te-tapoi-Māori-Māori-tourism/page-3 • www.wanahaka.co.nz/

• , A., & Liu, J. (2012). Māori culture as a psychological asset for • www.maori.com New Zealanders’ acculturation experiences abroad. International

Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(1), 140-150. • World Indigenous Summit, 2017, Paihia New Zealand, Honourable http://dx.doi.org//j.ijintrel.2011.03.003 Minister Nanaia Mahuta Maori Development

• Ingram, T. (1997). Tapoi Tangata Whenua: Tapoi Māori ki Aotearoa • Aotearoa Māori Tourism Federation. (1996). A Report on the (Indigenous Tourism: Māori Tourism in Aotearoa). Proceedings of Current Market Position of Māori Tourism Product. Rotorua: AMTF. Trails, Tourism and Regional Development Conference, 2–5

• Bangs, R. (2008). The quest for kaitiakitanga: The ancient Māori December, Centre for Tourism, University of Otago, New Zealand.

secret from New Zealand that could save the Earth. Birmingham, • Creative Commons for images AL: Menasha Ridge Press.

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia Questions

TTRA Conference Melbourne 25-28 June 2019 Melbourne Australia