FDACS DPI Tri-Ology Volume 51, Number 2, March - April 2012

FDACS DPI Tri-ology Volume 51, Number 2, March - April 2012

DACS-P-00124 Volume 51, Number 2, March - April 2012 Printer-Friendly PDF Version

DPI's Bureau of Entomology, Nematology and Plant Pathology (the botany section is included in this bureau) produces TRI-OLOGY six times a year, covering two months of activity in each issue. The report includes detection activities from nursery plant inspections, routine and emergency program surveys, and requests for identification of plants and pests from the public. Samples are also occasionally sent from other states or countries for identification or diagnosis.

Highlights Following are a few of the notable entries from this volume of TRI-OLOGY. These entries Section Reports are reports of interesting plants or unusual pests, some of which may be problematic. See Section Reports for complete information. Botany

Psyllobora schwarzi, a ladybird beetle, a Entomology new Continental USA record. This species Nematology was described from Cuba and is known from much of the West Indies, but it is not recorded Plant Pathology from the United States.

Marasmius sp. Our Mission…getting it done (Horse Hair The mission of the Division of Blight), was Plant Industry is to protect found on Florida's native and Loropetalum commercially grown plants and chinense (fringe the State's apiary industry bush, from harmful pests and loropetalum), a diseases. Because of Florida’s Loropetalum chinense (fringe new Host record. Psyllobora schwarzi, a ladybird tropical climate and large bush, loropetalum) beetle tourism industry, the state is Photograph courtesy of Top Meloidogyne Photograph courtesy of Dr. Tropicals Michael C. Thomas, DPI often gifted with numerous graminis non-native plant and animal (Sledge and species. These non-natives, Golden, 1964) Whitehead, 1968, the grass root-knot nematode, was generally having no predators, found infecting the roots of Cynodon dactylon (Bermudagrass), a landscape may become invasive. In order grass. Meloidogyne graminis does not induce typical root galling symptoms. It to educate the public and causes mainly elongated swellings of infected adventitious roots, leaf yellowing, combat this issue in Florida, stunted growth and eventually death, which can be observed initially in a FDACS/DPI, USDA and the U.S. patchy distribution. This nematode species is of economic importance in Florida Department of Homeland because of its ability to damage turf grasses. Security/Customs and Border Olea europea L. (olive, edible olive) is native Protection have joined forces to to the Mediterranean region and is the source of create the Don’t Pack a Pest commercially-produced olive oil there. Although Traveler’s Outreach Project. olives have traditionally been cultivated in areas The focus of this project is to with Mediterranean climates including California, improve inter-governmental temperate areas of western South America and, cooperation in carrying out of course, Mediterranean countries, interest in agricultural safeguarding growing olives for fruit has increased in Florida activities in Florida ports of over the past decade. http://dpi-test/enpp/triology/5102/triology_5102_index.html[8/9/2012 3:50:33 PM] FDACS DPI Tri-ology Volume 51, Number 2, March - April 2012

entry and beyond. One aspect of the project is public outreach Olea europea L. (olive) and education for the traveling Photograph courtesy of Top Acknowledgements: Tropicals public to help them understand The editors would like to acknowledge the work what they can do to help of all those who contributed information and protect our agricultural and explanations by providing data, photographs or text and by carefully reading natural resources. Now in the early drafts. We also thank Scott Weinberg for his skillful use of web authoring second year, the following are tools to produce this report. some of the outreach activities that are underway or have been completed: a video featuring Linus, the detector dog, displayed at the 20 busiest United States international airports; signs at Miami International Airport and soon throughout Port of Miami cruise ship departure areas with the Don’t Pack a Pest message; and starting in May, the video will be shown on American Airline flights.

For more information, visit www.dontpackapest.com/.

We welcome your suggestions for improvement of TRI- OLOGY. Please feel free to contact me or Dr. Patti Anderson with your comments.

Dr. Wayne N. Dixon, editor Assistant Director, DPI

http://dpi-test/enpp/triology/5102/triology_5102_index.html[8/9/2012 3:50:33 PM] FDACS DPI Tri-ology March - April 2012: Botany Section

DACS-P-00124 Volume 51, Number 2, March - April 2012 Printer-Friendly PDF Version

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Botany Section Compiled by Patti J. Anderson, Ph.D. Sample Submissions This section identifies plants for the Division of Plant Industry, as well as for other Mar/ Year to governmental agencies and private individuals. The Botany Section maintains a Apr Date reference herbarium with over 11,000 plants and nearly 1,400 vials of seeds. Some of Samples 1,487 2,723 the samples received for identification are discussed below: submitted by other DPI Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. (sissoo tree, Indian rosewood, sections shisham), from a genus of approximately 250 tropical species. Leguminosae/Fabaceae. This tree can grow to 25 m tall with a wide, but Samples 120 204 open, canopy and rough gray bark marked by vertical fissures. The submitted for compound leaves are alternate, 12-18 cm long, usually with three or five botanical leaflets, each of which is up to 8 cm long and 5.5 cm across, broadly ovate identification only to suborbicular, with an acuminate tip and rounded base, arranged in a Total Samples 1,607 2,927 somewhat zigzag pattern along the leaf rachis. The inflorescence is a dense, Submitted axillary panicle, with inconspicuous, fragrant flowers, briefly enclosed by small, deciduous bracts. The calyx is about 5 mm long, with unequal lobes, Specimens added 60 97 and the corolla is white to yellowish, about 1.5 cm long. The fruit is a flat to the herbarium legume 4–8 cm long and 1 cm wide, containing one to four flat, kidney- shaped seeds, 8–10 mm long, visible as slight swellings in the unopened pods that persist on the tree for several months. In addition to its tap root, numerous superficial roots develop producing sucker shoots that are sometimes used for propagation, but can be considered a plague by homeowners who want only one specimen. Introduced as an ornamental from its native Asia to South Florida by the early 1950s, Indian rosewood is listed as a Category II species by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Category II includes exotic species that have shown aggressive growth, but have not yet demonstrated the ability to disturb native plant communities. This tree has escaped from cultivation and has been found growing in the central and southern peninsula from the Keys to Hillsborough and Pinellas counties. Its traditional uses include timber, wood for fine carving, fodder (from the leaves) and medicine. (Barrett 1956; Huxley 1992; Wunderlin and Dalbergia sissoo (Indian rosewood) Photograph courtesy of Top Tropicals Hansen 2011; http://www.efloras.org/ accessed 13 June 2012; http://www.fleppc.org/list/11list.html accessed June 14, 2012; http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Dalbergia_sissoo.html accessed 13 June 2012; http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp? fr=1&si=1186 accessed 13 June 2012.)

Eulophia graminea Lindl., (no common name), from a genus of approximately 200 species, found almost entirely in the Old World tropics, with a single species widespread in tropical and subtropical America. Orchidaceae. (Note: This description was originally posted in 2009, but recent submissions of this species from Palm Beach and St. Lucie counties indicate that the plant is spreading and our readers might want to be on the lookout for it.) This terrestrial species is the most recent of the 12 exotic orchids naturalized in Florida. E. graminea was first reported in 2007, from a residential garden in Miami. It has since been found in a number of

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locations in Miami-Dade and Broward Counties, usually in sunny habitats. This orchid is native over a wide area in Asia, from Pakistan to Japan, and has become naturalized in Australia. The pseudobulbs are partly buried and Eulophia graminea pseudobulb occur singly in young plants or in clusters in older ones. Each mature Photograph courtesy of Patti J. Anderson, DPI psuedobulb produces a single shoot with three to five grass-like leaves which die down in the fall or winter. Several inflorescences appear in succession during the spring and summer, either before the leaves or with them. The inflorescences are branched and stand from 0.5-1.5 m tall. They bear as many as 60 small flowers, from 1.5-2.5 cm across with greenish or purplish petals and sepals, and a white lip marked with rose-pink spots. The lateral sepals spread horizontally, and a nectar-producing spur is present at the base of the flower. Another species, Eulophia alta (L.) Fawcett & Rendle, is native in central and southern Florida, but is not likely to be confused with E. graminea since it is a much more robust plant with broad leaves and large flowers in which the lip is pink or purple and the lateral sepals are held erect. Although it is too early to determine the potential invasiveness of E. graminea, it has definite weedy tendencies and would probably be cold-hardy anywhere in Florida and perhaps other states in the Southeast. (Broward County; B2009-178; Patttan Bissoondial, USDA; 17 April 2009.) (Current submissions: Palm Beach County; B2012-86; Ellen J. Tannehill; 27 February 2012; and St. Lucie County; B2012-205; Dagne A. Vasquez; 24 April 2012.) (Mabberley 2008; Pemberton et al. 2008.)

Nyssa ogeche Bartr. ex Marsh. (ogeechee tupelo; ogeechee-lime), from a genus of eight or nine species, mostly in the eastern United States, but a few in Central America and one in China. Cornaceae/Nyssaceae. This Eulophia graminea flowers tree, often with several trunks from near the base, to 20 m tall, is native to Photograph and copyright courtesy of Butterflies & Wild Orchids of Thailand bottomlands and river swamps on the Coastal Plain from southeastern South Carolina across to Alabama and south to northern peninsular Florida and the Panhandle. Interestingly, the species was introduced to Hillsborough County and has naturalized there. The simple, alternate leaves are rather large, often to 15 cm long and 8 cm broad, and are usually narrowly elliptic or somewhat obovate in general shape, with an acute or short-acuminate apex. Some individual trees bear only staminate flowers that are greenish and arranged in stalked, ball-like clusters. Other trees bear solitary perfect flowers in the leaf axils which are followed by short-stalked, 2- 4 cm long drupes that turn reddish at maturity. Evidently, the tart juice has been used as a condiment and in a beverage, giving rise to the common name

“ogeechee lime.” Honey from bees active in the ogeechee tupelo during the Nyssa ogeche (ogeechee tupelo) flowering season is highly prized for its flavor. Like many of the Nyssa Photograph courtesy of Kimberly Gulledge, Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants species, the foliage colors well in the fall, usually purple, but sometimes http://dpi-test/enpp/triology/5102/triology_5102_botany.html[8/9/2012 3:50:35 PM] FDACS DPI Tri-ology March - April 2012: Botany Section

yellow or scarlet. N. aquatic (water tupelo) is a very similar tree found in similar habitats, but its leaves have a longer petiole (3-6 cm) than those of ogeechee tupelo. (Baker County; B2012-187 and B2012-188; Theresa R. Estok; 23 April 2012.) (Godfrey 1988; Nelson 2011; Wunderlin and Hansen 2011; http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/ nyssa/ogeche.htm accessed 13 June 2012.)

Olea europea L. (olive, edible olive), from a genus of 33 species, from the warm temperate and tropical Old World. Oleaceae. This species is a tree, to 7 m tall, often pruned to a much shorter stature in cultivation and frequently portrayed with gnarled and twisted stems, especially for older trees (reportedly living up to 2,000 years). The leaves, to 8 cm long, are opposite, elliptical to lanceolate, leathery, gray-green above and silver below, although some of the many cultivars differ in leaf color. The inflorescence is a narrow panicle of inconspicuous, off-white flowers with Olea europea (olive) four calyx and corolla lobes and two stamens. The fruit is a 1-2 cm long Photograph courtesy of Top Tropicals drupe, eaten green or black (ripe). Native to the Mediterranean region, O. europea is the source of commercially-produced olive oil there, using numerous cultivars of the species. Olives have traditionally been cultivated in areas with Mediterranean climates (moist winters with lows not less than - 10 C. and hot, dry summers), including California, temperate areas of western South America and, of course, Mediterranean countries. Recently, interest in growing olives for fruit has increased in Florida over the past decade. The cultivar ‘Arbequina’ among others has been recommended for the well-drained soils of Florida, but the need for chilling in winter and problems caused by high humidity limit the potential for an olive industry here. Still, the tree can be a lovely addition to an edible landscape or an interesting ornamental for the patio container garden. The fruit must be processed with lye, salt or water to remove bitter chemicals before it can be eaten. Even olives destined to marinate in martinis require this processing. (Miami-Dade County; B2012-124; Olga Garcia; 13 March 2012.) (Boning 2006; Huxley 1992; Yada and Harris 2007; http://leon.ifas.ufl.edu/News_Columns/2010/082610g-Olives-for-North- Florida.pdf ; http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/; http://www.ocala.com/article/20070428/BIGSUNHOMES/204280307, all accessed 8 June 2012.)

References Barrett, M. F. 1956. Common exotic trees of South Florida (dicotyledons). University of Florida Press, Gainesville, Florida. 414 p. Boning, C. R. 2006. Florida's best fruiting plants: native and exotic trees, shrubs, and vines. Pineapple Press, Sarasota, Florida. 232 p. Godfrey, R. K. 1988. Trees, shrubs, and woody vines of northern Florida and adjacent Georgia and Alabama. The University of Georgia Press, Athens. 734 p. Huxley, A.J. (editor). 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 4 volumes. Macmillan Press. London, England. 3,240 p. Nelson, G. 2011. Trees of Florida: a reference and field guide, 2nd edition. Pineapple Press, Sarasota, Florida. 428 p. Mabberley, D.J. 2008. Mabberley’s plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses, 3rd edition. Cambridge University Press, New York, New York. 1021 p. Pemberton, R.W., T. M. Collins and S. Koptur. 2008. An Asian orchid, http://dpi-test/enpp/triology/5102/triology_5102_botany.html[8/9/2012 3:50:35 PM] FDACS DPI Tri-ology March - April 2012: Botany Section

Eulophia graminea (Orchidaceae: Cymbideae) naturalizes in Florida. Lankesteriana 8: 5-14. Wunderlin, R. P. and B. F. Hansen. 2011. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida, 3rd edition. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. 783 p. Yada S. and L. Harris. 2007. Olives: safe methods for home pickling. Publication Number: 8267. Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California. Davis, California. 26 p. (Available as a PDF: http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/Search/olives.aspx , accessed 8 June 2012.)

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DACS-P-00124 Volume 51, Number 2, March - April 2012 Printer-Friendly PDF Version

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Entomology Section Compiled by Susan E. Halbert, Ph.D. Sample/Specimen This section provides the division's plant protection specialists and other customers Submissions with accurate identifications of arthropods. The entomology section also builds and March maintains the arthropod reference and research collection (the Florida State Collection of Arthropods with over 9 million specimens), and investigates the biology, biological Samples Submitted 867 control and taxonomy of arthropods. Specimens Identified 12,117 Myzus cymbalariae, an aphid, a new North American record. Six apterous adults of this species were intercepted on a shipment of celery April (Apium graveolens) from California. The species is highly polyphagous, Samples Submitted 914 recorded from at least 21 different plant families (Holman 2009). Specimens Identified 16,409 Umbelliferae, the family for celery, is not on Holman’s list. This species is reported by M.A Watson (personal communication) to transmit beet yellows Year to Date virus (Kennedy et al. 1962). (Escambia County; E2012-2756; Randal E. St. Louis; 18 April 2012.) (Dr. Susan E. Halbert.) Samples Submitted 3,114 Specimens Identified 51,729 Acrolophus walsinghami, a grass tubeworm moth, a new Continental USA record. This species is not known to be a pest, but it is thought to feed on grass roots. It has been in South Florida since at least 2000 and seems to be quite abundant now (Don Davis, personal communication), but it has not been detected previously by DPI. It is native to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. The wing pattern is highly variable. (Broward County; E2012-2482; Michelle A. DaCosta and Julio C. Garcia; 15 March 2012.) (Dr. James E. Hayden.)

Psyllobora schwarzi, a ladybird beetle, a new Continental USA record. This species was described from Cuba and is known from much of the West Indies, but is not recorded from the United States. It feeds on fungi. (Broward County; E2012-2475; Michelle A. DaCosta and Julio C. Garcia; 22 February 2012.) (Dr. Michael C. Thomas.) Myzus cymbalariae, an aphid. Antennal tubercles. Amphiareus obscuriceps, a minute pirate bug, a new Florida State Photograph courtesy of M. Andrew Jansen, record. This predaceous bug was reported new to the United States (Henry DPI et al. 2008). It was reported from 14 states, mostly along the Atlantic coast, and the District of Columbia. The Old World distribution includes much of Central Eurasia and Japan, as well as the Netherlands. Apparently, it is associated with dead plant material, where it preys on small insects such as psocids (Henry et al. 2008). (Miami-Dade County; E2012-2044; Olga Garcia; 22 March 2012.) (Dr. Susan E. Halbert.)

References Henry, T.J., A.G. Wheeler, Jr. and W.E. Steiner, Jr. 2008. First North American records of Amphiareus obscuriceps (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), with a discussion of dead-leaf microhabitats. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington Myzus cymbalariae, an aphid 110: 402-416. Photograph courtesy of M. Andrew Jansen, DPI Holman, J. 2009. Host plant catalog of aphids, Palaearctic Region. Springer http://dpi-test/enpp/triology/5102/triology_5102_entomology.html[8/9/2012 3:50:36 PM] FDACS DPI Tri-ology March - April 2012: Entomology Section

Science and Business Media B.V., Heidelberg, Germany. 1,216 p. Available on-line http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/plant+sciences/book/978-1- 4020-8285-6 accessed 14 June 2012. Kennedy, J.S., M.F. Day, and V.F. Eastop. 1962. A conspectus of aphids as vectors of plant viruses. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, England. 113 p.

Acrolophus walsinghami, a grass tubeworm moth Photograph courtesy of M. Andrew Jansen, DPI

Entomology Specimen Report Following are tables with entries for records of new hosts or new geographical areas for samples identified in the current volume's time period as well as samples of special interest. An abbreviated table, with all the new records, but less detail about them, is presented in the body of this web page and another version with more complete data is downloadable as a PDF or an Excel spreadsheet.

The tables are organized alphabetically by plant host if the specimen has a plant host. Some arthropod specimens are not collected on plants and are not necessarily plant pests. In the table below, those entries that have no plant information included are organized by arthropod name. Psyllobora schwarzi, a ladybird beetle Download full spreadsheet in PDF format Photograph courtesy of Dr. Michael C. Thomas, DPI Download full spreadsheet in Microsoft Excel format

Amphiareus obscuriceps, a minute pirate bug Photograph courtesy of M. Andrew Jansen, DPI

Plant Species Plant Common Arthropod Species Arthropod Common Name Name Name Name County New Records

Acer rubrum red maple Pulvinaria acericola cottony maple leaf scale Collier COUNTY http://dpi-test/enpp/triology/5102/triology_5102_entomology.html[8/9/2012 3:50:36 PM] FDACS DPI Tri-ology March - April 2012: Entomology Section

Acer sp. maple Sobarocephala dreisbachi a clusiid fly Palm Beach COUNTY

Aloe sp. aloe Helix aspersa brown garden snail Palm Beach INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION

Apium graveolens celery Autographa californica alfalfa looper Suwannee INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION

Apium graveolens celery Myzus cymbalariae an aphid Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION and NORTH AMERICAN RECORD

Beta vulgaris common beet Spodoptera eridania Gilchrist COUNTY

Brassica oleracea kohlrabi Micracanthia floridana a shore bug Duval COUNTY

Butia capitata pindo palm, jelly Acrolophus heppneri an acrolophid moth Santa Rosa COUNTY palm, butia palm

Butia capitata pindo palm, jelly Acrolophus an acrolophid moth Santa Rosa COUNTY palm, butia palm mycetophagus

Butia capitata pindo palm, jelly Autosticha kyotensis Kyoto moth Santa Rosa COUNTY palm, butia palm

Calophyllum sp. beauty leaf Pharoscymnus flexibilis a ladybird beetle Miami-Dade REGULATORY INTEREST

Calotropis gigantea mudar; bowstring Oncopeltus cayensis a seed bug Hillsborough COUNTY

http://dpi-test/enpp/triology/5102/triology_5102_entomology.html[8/9/2012 3:50:36 PM] FDACS DPI Tri-ology March - April 2012: Nematology Section

DACS-P-00124 Volume 51, Number 2, March - April 2012 Printer-Friendly PDF Version

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Nematology Section Compiled by Janete A. Brito, Ph.D., Hyerim Han, Ph.D., Jason D. Stanley, M.S. Sample Submissions and Renato N. Inserra, Ph.D. Jan/ Year to This section analyzes soil and plant samples for nematodes, conducts pest detection Feb Date surveys and provides diagnoses of plant problems, in addition to completing Morphological 2,817 4,476 identification of plant parasitic nematodes involved in regulatory and certification Identifications programs. State of Florida statutes and rules mandate the predominant regulatory activities of the section. Analyses of plant and soil samples include those from in-state Molecular 423 1,066 programs, plant shipments originating in Florida destined for other states and Identifications countries, as well as samples intercepted in Florida from outside the United States. Total Samples 2,394 4,696 Nematodes of Special Interest Submitted Certification and Regulatory Meloidogyne graminis (Sledge and Golden, 1964) Whitehead, 1968, Samples the grass root-knot nematode, was found infecting the roots of Cynodon dactylon (Bermudagrass), a landscape grass. (Marion County; N12-00384; Multistate 1,898 2,992 Charles L. Spriggs; 30 March 2012.) Certification for National and Meloidogyne graminis was first found infecting St. Augustine grass, International Stenotaphrum secundatum, in Winter Haven, Florida. Initially, this Export nematode was described as Hypsoperine graminis because of its similarity California 307 686 to cyst (Heterodera spp.) and root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.) nematodes. Certification Later, Whitehead synonymized the genus Hypsoperine with Meloidogyne. The infective second-stage juveniles (J2) of this endoparasitic sedentary Pre-movement 36 76 nematode enter the grass roots, near the root tip, migrate intercellularly (Citrus Nursery and intracellularly through the root tissues and establish a feeding site in Certification) the vascular system. At the completion of juvenile development, newly Site or Pit 25 41 formed swollen females lay eggs inside a gelatinous matrix, which can be Approval (Citrus observed outside of the roots. M. graminis, unlike other species of Nursery and Meloidogyne, does not induce typical root galling symptoms, but chiefly Other causes elongated swellings of infected adventitious roots. Above ground Certifications) symptoms of plants parasitized by this species include leaf yellowing, stunted growth and eventually death, which can be observed initially in a Other Samples patchy distribution. M. graminis is economically important in Florida because Identifications 6 18 of its ability to damage turf grasses, including Bermudagrass (Cynodon (invertebrate) dactylon). This nematode can be spread in golf courses and landscape gardens with infested sod. Plant Problems 29 60 Intrastate Survey, 93 180 Recently, a population of M. graminis with J2s showing a prominent swollen Random rectum, a feature not reported previously for this species, was found on Bermudagrass in North Florida. The results of the morphological analysis Molecular 423 1066 were confirmed by biochemical (esterase and malate dehydrogenase) and Identifications* molecular (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Molecular identification was performed using *The majority of these analyses a new protocol described by McClure et al. 2012, which is useful for the involved root-knot nematode species separation of M. graminis from M. marylandi, another root-knot nematode parasite of turfgrasses that is not present in Florida. Molecular analyses have proved highly valuable for the identification of other species of root-

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knot nematode parasitizing grasses, including M. graminicola, M. maritima, M. minor, M. naasi and M. orizae. With the exception of M. graminicola, these species are not present in Florida, and their detections in the state will be facilitated by molecular identification tools.

Collectors submitting five or more samples that were processed for nematological analysis in March - April 2012

Anderson, James L. 163

Averhoff-Chirino, Carlos M. 37

Bentley, Michael A. 20

Brown, Lance A. 30 Meloidogyne graminis (grass root-knot Burgos, Frank A. 219 nematode) female (arrow) embedded in a Cynodon dactylon root segment. Note an Edenfield, Carrie S. 55 egg mass with detached eggs on the root surface. Photograph courtesy of J.D. Stanley, DPI Gonzales, Katherine A. 15

Krok, Jesse M. 8

Krueger, Scott D. 9

LeBoutillier, Karen W. 207

Ochoa, Ana L. 165

Qiao, Ping 62

Smith, Larry W. 10 Meloidogyne graminis (grass root-knot nematode) posterior body portion of a Spriggs, Charles L. 154 second stage- juvenile showing the inflated rectum (insert). Warden, George D. 8 Photograph courtesy of J.D. Stanley, DPI

Wilber, Leslie J. 5

References Esser, R. P. and K. R. Langdon. 1965. Pseudo-root-knot nematode of turf. Pp. 67-69. In: Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. Twenty-fifth Biennial Report. 164 p. Heald, C. M. 1969. Pathogenicity and histopathology of Meloidogyne graminis infecting 'Tifdwarf' bermudagrass roots. Journal of Nematology 1: 31-34. Helder, J., G. Karssen, E. S. J. J.Van Den, M. H. M. Holterman, P. T. M. Veenhuizen, R. Landeweert, H. Hekman and J. Bakker. 2010. Methods of detecting root-knot nematodes. www.freepatentsonline.com/y2010/0081133.html (accessed: 05/15/2012). Jepson, S. B. and A. M. Golden. 1987. Meloidogyne marylandi n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae) a root-knot nematode parasitizing grasses. Pp. 263-264. In: Jepson, S. B. (editor). Identification of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species). Wallingford, United Kingdom, CAB International. Langdon, K. R. 1967. Pseudo-root-knot nematode host testing. P. 95. In: Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. Twenty-sixth Biennial Report. 186 p. MacGowan, J. B. 1984. Meloidogyne graminis, a root-knot nematode of grass. Nematology Circular No. 107. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. 2 p.

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Maur, K. M. 1968. Pathogenicity and histopathology of Hypsoperine graminis on St. Augustine grass and Burmudagrass. University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Ph.D. Dissertation. 76 p. McClure, M. A., C. Nischwitz, A. M. Skantar, M. E. Schmitt and S. A. Subbotin. 2012. Root-knot nematodes in golf course greens of the western United States. Plant Disease 96: 635-647. Powers, T.O., P. G. Mullin, T. S. Harris, L. A. Sutton, and R. S. Higgins. 2005. Incorporating molecular identification of Meloidogyne spp. into a large-scale regional survey. Journal of Nematology 37: 226- 235. Sledge, E. B. 1962. Preliminary report on a Meloidogyne sp. parasite of grass in Florida. Plant Disease Reporter 46: 52-54. Sledge, E. B. and A. M. Golden. 1964. Hypsoperine graminis (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), a new genus and species of plant-parasitic nematode. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 31:83-88. Whitehead, A. G. 1968. Taxonomy of Meloidogyne (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) with descriptions of four new species. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 31: 263-401.

http://dpi-test/enpp/triology/5102/triology_5102_nematology.html[8/9/2012 3:50:37 PM] FDACS DPI Tri-ology March - April 2012: Plant Pathology Section

DACS-P-00124 Volume 51, Number 2, March - April 2012 Printer-Friendly PDF Version

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Plant Pathology Section Compiled by Timothy S. Schubert, Ph.D. Sample Submissions This section provides plant disease diagnostic services and conducts a citrus Mar/ Year to germplasm introduction program. The agency-wide goal of protecting Florida Apr Date agriculture very often begins with accurate diagnosis of plant problems. Disease Pathology 464 804 management recommendations are offered where appropriate and available. Our plant pathologists are dedicated to keeping informed about plant diseases outside Florida in Bee 2 3 order to be prepared for potential introductions of new pathogens. Black Spot 6 50

Puccinia sparganioides (ash leaf rust) was found on Fraxinus americana Box Blight 0 16 (white ash) in a nursery. This rust causes leaf distortion and produces Citrus Canker 144 348 orange-colored aeciospores. This rust has not been submitted for several years. (Collier County; P2012-62098; Scott D. Krueger; 18 April 2012.) Citrus Greening 392 1,895 Interdictions 47 70 Marasmius sp. (Horse Hair Blight) was found at a private residence on Loropetalum chinense (fringe bush, loropetalum) by a lawn care company. Laurel Wilt 19 39 This pest is commonly called horse hair blight because of the fine, hair-like Soil 16 32 fungal filaments it produces. This is a new Host record. (Alachua County; Sweet Orange 3 8 P2012-61864: lawn care company employee; 18 April 2012.). Scab-like Disease

Miscellaneous 5 42

Total Samples 1,113 3,299 Submitted

Puccinia sparganioides Ellis & Tracy (ash rust) symptoms Photograph courtesy of Edward L. Barnard, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.org

Plant Pathology Sample Report http://dpi-test/enpp/triology/5102/triology_5102_plant_pathology.html[8/9/2012 3:50:38 PM] FDACS DPI Tri-ology March - April 2012: Plant Pathology Section

Following is a table with entries for records of new hosts or new geographical areas for samples identified in the current volume's time period as well as samples of special interest. The table is organized alphabetically Loropetalum chinense (fringe bush, by plant host. loropetalum) Photograph courtesy of Top Tropicals

Plant Common Causal Disease New Plant Species Name Agent Name Location County Log # Collector Date Records

Citrus limon lemon Candidatus Greening Nursery 61061 Baker Theresa R. Estok, 2/28/2012 County Liberibacter Shannon M. asiaticus Alford, Xiaoan Sun Citrus sp. citrus Candidatus Greening Nursery 60598 Levy W. Wayne Bailey 2/8/2012 County Liberibacter asiaticus Cyrtomium holly fern Pteridovirus Japanese Commercial 61158 Duval Lisa M. Hassell 2/27/2012 County falcatum holly fern Landscape virus Impatiens impatiens Plasmopara impatiens Residence 59741 Palm Beach Matthew Moyer, 1/19/2012 State walleriana obducens downy Plant Culture mildew Horticultural Services Company Pedilanthus devils Podosphaera powdery Nursery 61076 St. Lucie Dagne A. Vazquez 2/23/2012 State tithymaloides backbone euphorbiae- mildew hirtas Persea americana avocado Raffaelea laurel wilt Grove 59989 Miami-Dade Mary Young Cong, 2/16/2012 lauricola Phellicia P. Perez Persea borbonia redbay Raffaelea laurel wilt Loxahatchee 60536 Palm Beach Lisa Jameson,US 2/13/2012 County lauricola Wildlife Fish and Wildlife Refuge Service Persea sp. Raffaelea laurel wilt Roadside 60729 Hillsborough Lane P. 2/27/2012 County lauricola Southerland

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