SIXTY-FIFTH

ANNUAL REPORT

O P TH E

AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS

FOR

FOREIGN MISSIONS

PRESENTED AT THE

MEETING HELD AT CHICAGO, ILLINOIS,

O C T O B E R 5-8 , 1875.

BOSTON: PRINTED AT THE RIVERSIDE PRESS, CAMBRIDGE. 1875.

ANNUAL MEETING.

T h e A m e r i c a n B o a r d o f C ommissioners f o r F o r e i g n M i s ­ s i o n s held its sixty-sixth Annual Meeting at Chicago, Illinois, in Farwell Hall, commencing on Tuesday, October 5tli, at three o’clock, p . m ., and closing on Friday October 8th, at twelve o’clock, m .

CORPORATE MEMBERS PRESENT. Ebenezer Cutler, D. D., Worcester. John Field, Esq., Arlington. Maine. A. E. P. Perkins, D. D., Ware. John O. Fiske, D. D., Bath. Nathan Carruth, Esq., Dorchester. William Warren, D. D., Gorham. Rhode Island. Vermont. Hon. Amos C. Barstow, Providence. Thaddeus Fairbanks, Esq., St. Johns- Constantine Blodgett, D. D., Paw­ bury. tucket. Aldace Walker, D. D., Wallingford. Rowland Hazard, Esq., Peacedale. Massachusetts. Connecticut. Mark Hopkins, D. D., LL. D., Will- Calvin Day, Esq., Hartford. iamstown. Hon. Samuel Miller, New Haven. Rev. Selah B. Treat, Boston. John B. Eldridge, Esq., Hartford. Henry B. Hooker, D. D., Boston. Roland Mather, Esq., “ Augustus C. Thompson, D. D., Bos­ ton. New York. John W . Chickering, D. D., Wake­ Jacob M. Schermerhorn, Esq., Ho­ field. mer. Abner Kingman, Esq., Boston. Zebulon S. Ely, Esq., New York Hon. William Hyde, Ware. City. Nathaniel George Clark, D. D., Bos­ Rev. Daniel W . Lathrop, New York ton. City. Langdon S. Ward, Esq., Boston. Charles P. Bush, D. D., New York John O. Means, D. D., Boston. City. Daniel T. Fiske, D. D:, Newbury- Pennsylvania. port. Rev. J. H. Coulter, Brownsville. Samuel M. Lane, Esq., Southbridge. Edmund K. Alden, D. D., Boston. District o f Columbia. J. Russell Bradford, Esq., Boston. Hon. Peter Parker, Washington. Rev. Isaac R. Worcester, Auburn- dale. Ohio. Peter Smith, Esq., Andover. Samuel Wolcott, D. D., Cleveland. Nahum Gale, D. D., Lee. Israel W . Andrews, D. D., Marietta. iv ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD.

James II. Fairchild, D. D., Oberlin. HONORARY MEMBERS PRESENT. William J. Breed, Esq., Cincinnati. Maine. Rev. Hiram C. Haydn, Cleveland. Rev. Sewell Tenney, Ellsworth. Therein H. Hawks, D. D., Marietta. “ B. F. Leavitt, Portland. “ j.B . Wheelwright, South Paris. Indiana. Samuel H. Potter, Esq., Terre Haute. New Hampshire. Rev. Nathaniel A. Hyde, Indianap­ Edward L. Goddard, Claremont. olis. Rev. Quincy Blakely, Compton. llVnois. “ George E. Street, Exeter. Julian M. Sturtevant, D. D., Jack­ “ E. E. P. Abbott, Newport. Dexter Richards, “ sonville. W. 0. Kenyen, Plainfield. Robert W . Patterson, D. D., Chicago. Rev. Samuel H. Riddel, Tamworth. Samuel C. Bartlett, D. D.. Chicago. “ Truman Clark, Wolfborough. Hon. Charles G. Hammond, Chicago. William W. Patton, D. D., Chicago. Vermont. Gen. S. Lockwood Brown, Chicago. J. G. Slafter, Albany. George N. Boardman, D. D.,Chicago. J. D. Wickham, D. D., Manchester. Edward P. Goodwin, D. D., Chicago. II. H. Deming, Newbury. Eliphalet W . Blatchford, Esq., Chi­ J. M. Haven, Rutland. cago. Mr. Mead, “ Ralph Emerson, Esq., Rockford. II. Goulding, “ Rev. Simon J. Humphrey, Chicago. Rev. Henry Fairbanks, St. Johns- Hon. William I. Phelps, Elmwood. bury.

Michigan. Massachusetts. Hon. Solomon R. Withey, Grand Edward Strong, D. D., Boston. Rapids. Charles Hutchins, “ Rev. Philo R. Hurd, Romeo. Charles Demond, “ Philo Parsons, Esq., Detroit. James S. Stone, “ Rev. James S. Hoyt, Port Huron. Rev. Philander Thurston, “ “ E. C. Ewing, Enfield. Wisconsin. Morton Eddy, Fall River. Aaron L. Chapin, D. D., Beloit. Rev. E. G. Colt, Florence. Rev Enos J. Montague, Fort Atkin­ G. Munson, Huntington. son. Rev. E. G. Porter, Lexington. George L. Weed, Esq., Delavan. Horace Armsby, Millbury. Henry M. Dexter, D. D., New Bed­ Minnesota. ford. . James W . Strong, D. D., Northfield. Rev. W. B. Bond, New Braintree. Rev. L. Henry Cobb, Minneapolis. George K. Tufts, “ “ Rev. W. H. Woodwell, Newbury- Iowa. port. Alden B. Robbins, D. D., Muscatine. “ S. M. Freeland, Newton. Hon. John G. Foote, Burlington. L. Clark Seelye, D. D., Northamp­ ton. Missouri. J. E. Porter, North Brookfield. Truman M. Post, D. D., St. Louis. George F. Wade, North Cambridge. MEMBERS PRESENT. Y

Rev. Chat'li'? V . Spear, Pittsfield. Rev. A. C. Page, Elyria. Franklin Hardwick. Quincy. N. P. Seymour, Hudson. W. C. Robbins, Salem. Rev. George W. Wells, Marietta. J. C. Bridgman, Springfield. John W. Stanley, “ Rev. H. J. Patrick, West Newton. Rev. J. A. McKinstry, Richfield. Sumner Richardson, Winchester. “ W. H. Warren, Springfield. “ E. Smith Barnes, Unionville. Connecticut. Rev. F. D. Avery, Columbia. Indiana. “ J. H. Stoddard, Essex. Rev. E. Andrus, Angola. William Dewey, Granby. “ H. H. Benson, Crawfordsville. Rev. H. B. Smith, Greenfield Hill. “ Amos Jones, Delphi. ■■ George J. Tillotson, Hampton. “ John B.Fairbank, Fort Wayne. W. H. Cowles, Hartford. “ Evarts Kent, Michigan City. De W itt C. Jencks, Killingly. Rev. J. W . Beach, Norfolk. Illinois. G. A. Stoughton, Tliomaston. Rev. Henry C. Abernethy, Altona. New York. William J. Strong, Aurora. A. B. Davenport, Brooklyn. K. A. Burnell, “ Rev. Justus Doolittle, Clinton. Rev. N. A. Prentiss, “ “ J. Miller, Danby. “ Joseph MacHatton, Bloom. “ W. A. Robinson, Homer. “ William Gallagher, Blooming­ “ D. B. Coe, D. D., New York ton. City. “ E. H. Blanchard, Bloomington. “ G. M. Blodgett, New York City. Augustus McCutehen, Canton. “ Samuel Johnson, Rodman. John Wright, “ " J. D. Krum, D. D., Seneca Rev. W . G. Pierce, Champaign. Falls. “ H. G. Pendleton, Chenoa. “ Thomas Jones, Warsaw. “ Elihu Loomis, Chesterfield. George Parsons, Watervliet. “ Henry L. Hammond, Chicago. F. W. Fiske, D. D., “ New Jersey. George S. F. Savage, D. D. “ George B. Bacon, D. D., Orange Val­ Rev. James Powell, “ ley. _ J. E. Roy, D. D., “ Pennsylvania. Rev. W. E. Holyoke, u John W. Dulles, D. D., Philadelphia. Philo Carpenter, “ George R. Kellogg, “ Rev. E. R. Davis, “ “ Glen Wood, “ District o f Columbia. Prof. James T. Hyde, *• Rev. E. Whittlesey, Washington. H. F. Culver, “ Ohio. Rev. Edward F. Williams, “ Rev. E. Hailey, Cincinnati. . “ L. T. Chamberlain, “ “ J. E. Twitchell, Cleveland. A. J. Chittenden, “ “ S. H. Lee, “ Rev. George P. Kimball, “ “ Charles T. Collins, “ “ Simeon Gilbert, “ “ H. C. Haskell, Columbus. “ Abbott E. Iiittredge, “ “ R. M. Keyes, Conneaut. F. G. Ensign, “ “ E. E. Williams, Elyria. Rev. John V. Downs, vi ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD.

Edward Hildreth, Chicago. Rev. Henry M. Tupper, Ontario. J. W. Sykes, “ John G. McHinget,--Ottawa. Rev. John Bradshaw, “ F. Bascom, D. D., “ Jotham Sewall, “ J. K. Seaborough, Payson. Rev. S. R. Dole, Crete. Rev. B. F. Jackson, Pittsfield. “ W. T. Blenkarn, Dover. “ Edward Ebbs, Plainfield. Newton Barrett, Dunton. J. Hagar, • “ L. Faxon, Englewood. Rev. R. M. Pearson, Polo. Rev. S. B. Goodenow, Earlville. “ Abner Harper, Port Byron. “ J. 11. Barnes, “ C. Cook, Princeton. “ C. E. Dickinson, Elgin. B. C. Hardwick, Quincy. “ E. W. Packard, Evanston. Rev. F. J. Douglass, Richmond* “ George C. Noyes, “ “ Rufus Apthorp, Rock Falls. L. H. Boutell, “ “ Frank P. Woodbury, Rockford. H. B. Hill, “ “ Hiram Foote, “ H. A. Williamson, Franklin Grove. “ Hope Brown, “ Rev. Dana Sherrill, Forest. “ Benjamin Folts, “ “ R. B. Guild, Galen. Thomas D. Robertson, “ “ Henry S. Huntington, Gales­ Rev. C. Fitch, “ burg. Wait Talcott, “ “ A. L. Chapin, Galesburg. Rev. Charles T. Dering, Rosemond. Dea. Mark Morse, “ “ James D. Wyekoif, Roseville. Rev. Azariah Hyde, “ S. B. Stinson, Sandwich. “ W. H. Brewster, Geneva. Timothy Dwight, South Evanston. “ George H. Bailey, Griggsville. Rev. Edwin N. Andrews, St. Charles. “ J. W. Hartshorn, Hinsdale. “ Osmer W. Fay, Sycamore. “ A. S. Johnson, Hyde Park. L. Haskell, Tolono. W. H. Hoyt, “ “ R. L. McCord, Toulon. D W . Fairbank, Jacksonville. Rev. S. Penfield, AVarren. Rev. W . H. Barnard, Jefferson. “ Edwin E. Webber, Wataga. “ James Tompkins, Kewanee. “ C. W. Clapp, Waverley. “ D. J. Jones, Kishwaukee. “ J. C. Webster, Wheaton. “ W. A. Nichols, Lake Forest. L. Taylor, “ Samuel D. Ward, “ “ Rev. Jona. Blanchard, Wheaton Col­ S. J. Learned, “ “ lege. E. S. Skinner, “ “ A. L. Sturges, Woodburn. D. R. Holt, “ “ Rev. J. O. Myers, La Salle. Michigan. “ H. L. Howard, Lisbon. Rev. George Duffield, Ann Arbor. “ Charles Maehin, Lyndon. “ H. L. Hubbell, “ “ “ Theophilus Packard, Manteno. J. Austin Scott, “ “ Clark Prime, “ Lorrin Mills, “ “ Rev. A. L. P. Loomis, Mattoon. Rev. J. Ambrose Wight, Bay City. “ E. H. Baker, Mendota. “ George Porter, Detroit. “ H. L. Bullen, Moline. H. E. Baker, “ “ George Huntington, Oak Park. George M. Lane, “ “ H. Cherry, “ “ Rev. A. S. Kedzie, Dowagiac. “ W. A. Chamberlin, Oneida. “ W. D. Love, East Saginaw. MEMBERS PKESENT. v n

Rev. A. H. Fletcher, Freeport. Rev. B. G. Riley, Lodi. “ John Y. Hickmott, Grand Ha­ “ Charles H. Richards, Madison. ven. A. S. Frank, “ “ Otis B. Waters, Hersey. Rev. S. V. S. Fisher, Menaslia. “ T. G. Colton, Hudson. “ C. B. Stevens, Manitowoc. “ Moses Smith, Jackson. J. C. Cowdry, Mazmain. “ George M. Tuthill, Kalamazoo. Rev. William Walker, Milton. “ W. L. Bray, “ “ J. H. Cameron, New Richmond. “ J. F. Gaylord, Manistee. “ A. E. Tracy, Oconomowoc. “ Edmund W. Borden, Midland “ Thomas G. Grassie, Oshkosh. City. “ A. P. Johnson, Plattsville. J. E. Wood bridge, Old Mission. Samuel Tracey, “ Rev. Thomas Fowler, Otsego. Rev. F. B. Doe, Ripon. “ D. W . Sharts, Ovvasso. Smith Norton, “ N. Cawthorn, Port Huron. Rev. L. J. White, “ Rev. E. W . Miller, Rockford. Rev. D. Wirt, “ Seth L. Andrews, M. D., Romeo. George C. Hill, Rosendale. Rev. M. W. Fairfield, “ Rev. Albert A. Young, Sharon. “ C. Barstow, St. Johns. Rev. J. M. Williams, Waupun. “ Warren F. Day, Union City. “ George Darling, “ “ Luther Clapp, Wauwatosa. Wisconsin, “ Anson Clark, West Salem. Rev. C. E. Fisher, Appleton. “ B. D. Conkling, Whitewater. “ D. M. Jones, Arena. Minnesota. William Jones, “ Rev. T. L. Fuller, Hamilton. Rev. Otis F. Curtis, Avoca. “ Edw. M. Williams, Minneapo­ Thomas S. Johnson, Beaver Dam. lis. Rev. William Porter, Beloit. “ Henry A. Stimson, Minneapo­ “ H. B. Higley, “ lis. Cornelius E. Clark, l' “ Henry Willard, Plainview. H. G. McArthur, “ Rev. Ira Tracy, Bloomington. Missouri. “ Thomas Gillespie, Bristol. Rev. G. P. Folsom, Baraboo. J. T. Sherman, Brodhead. “ E. G. Fales, Carthage. C. Mather, “ “ E. B. Turner, Hannibal. Rev. George F. Bronson, Clinton. Horace C. Hovey, Kansas City. B. B. Olds, “ Rev. Arthur M. Thome, Memphis. Rev. S. H. Thompson, De Soto. Charles E. Harwood, Springfield. A. W . Curtis, East Troy, Rev. John G. Bailey, Windsor. “ J. G. Sabin, Elkhorn. “ William B. Williams, Freedom. Iowa. “ D. C. Curtiss, Fort Howard. H. H. Robbins, Alden. “ M. Wells, Fulton. Rev. George G. Perkins, Ames. “ Richard B. Bull, Geneva Lake. “ Charles Little, Lewis. “ S. M. Foster, Grand Rapids. “ G. H. White, Chester. “ William Crawford, Green Bay. “ Josiah Leonard, Clinton. “ E. Y. Garrette, Lacrosse. “ Henry S. De Forest, Council Bartimeus White, Lancaster. Bluffs. Vili ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD.

Rev. Benj. Talbot, Council Bluffs. Nebraska. “ A. Lyman, Kellogg. Rev. H. N. Gates, Omaha. “ James G. Merrill, Davenport. James Goldsbury, “ California. H. H. Eaton, Deeorah. Rev. E. H. Post, Santa Clara. Rev. E. Y. Swift, Denmark. S. W . Stacey, Santa Paula. “ H. K. Edson, “ Rev. M. S. Croswell, Sonoma. 3. P. Foster, Des Moines. Indian Territory. Rev. R. Hassell, Eddyville. Rev. Jeremiah Porter, Fort Sill. “ Harvey Adams, Fairfax. “ Reed Wilkinson, Fairfield. Colorado. " C. C. Burnett, “ Rev. A. C. Chittenden, Boulder. “ J. E. Morse, Geneva Bluffs. “ Loring S. Williams, Glenwood. Foreign Lands. “ Henry L. Chase, Green Moun­ Rev. George H. Wells, Montreal) tain. Canada. “ George F. Magoun, D .D ., Gi-in- Cyrus Hamlin, D. D., Constantino­ nell. ple, Turkey. “ J. M. Chamberlain, Grinnell. Rev. S. H. Calhoun, Syria. Charles Fisher, “ “ George AY. Coan, Persia. A. Whitcomb, “ S. Wells Williams, LL. D., Peking, Harvey Bliss, “ China. Rev. James W . Healy, Iowa City. H. A. Morse, Iowa County. Missionaries o f the Board. Rev. Clayton Wells, Keokuk. Rev. Alden Grout, Zulu Mission. '• Palmer Litts, Lansing. “ AVilliam Mellen, “ “ “ Sidney Crawford, Lyons. “ Daniel Lindley, “ “ “ E. R. Stiles, Manchester. “ AVilliam Ireland, “ “ “ James S. Snowden, Oskaloosa. “ T. A. Baldwin, AArestern Tur­ “ Leroy S. Hand, Polk City. key. “ John “Todd, Tabor. " T. C. Trowbridge, Central Tur­ “ G. S. Biscoe, Tipton. key. Philo Carpenter, Washington. “ Henry Marden, Central Tur­ Harlow S. Mills, West Chester. key. Rev. H. L. Shanley, AVheatland. “ II. M. Cole, Eastern Turkey. “ A. N. Andrus, “ “ Kansas. “ Allen Hazen, Maliratta Mis­ Rev. Pliny F. Warner, Fort Scott. sion. “ Isaac B. Smith, Souther. *■ John E. Chandler, Madura “ Linus Blakeslee, Topeka. Mission. Dakota. “ Dwight AV. Learned, Japan. Rev. George Ford, Elk Point. “ E. AAr. Clark, Sandwich Islands. “ Joseph Ward, Yankton. “ S. R. Riggs, Dakota Mission. “ Alfred L. Riggs, “ Wyoming. Thomas L. Riggs Rev. C. M. Sanders, Cheyenne. THE CASE OF REV. G. B. NUTTING. ix

ORGANIZATION. The President, Dr. Mark Hopkins, called the meeting to order at the appointed time, and requested Dr. C. Blodgett, of Rhode Island, to lead in prayer, which was followed by singing. Rev. S. H. Lee, of Cleveland, Ohio, was chosen Assistant Recording Secretary; and the material portions of the minutes of the last Annual Meeting were read by the Recording Secretary. Secretary Treat read the report on the Home department, when the Board united in a prayer of thanksgiving, led by Dr. S. C. Bartlett, of Chicago. Dr. Clark read a General Survey of the Missions of the Board, and the Treasurer, Langdon S. Ward, Esq., presented his report, with the Auditor’s certificate.

REPORT OX THE CASK OP REV. G. B. NtJTTING. Hon. A. C. Barstow then presented the following report : — To the American Board o f Commissioners fo r Foreign Missions, at its Annual Meet­ ing in Chicago, Illinois, October, 1875. The undersigned, a Committee to whom, at the last meeting of the Board, was referred the petition of Rev. George B. Nutting, formerly a missionary of the Board in Central Turkey, beg leave to report,— This petitioner affirms in substance, that without just cause, “ the Treas­ urer of the Central Turkish mission, in accordance with instructions from the Prudential Committee, refused to pay him any salary from the 1st of May, 1867, to the 3d of August, 1868,” and the prayer of his petition is, that the Treasurer of the Board be directed to pay him the arrears of sal­ ary claimcd, for the afore-named fifteen months and three days, at the rate of six hundred and fifty dollars per annum, with legal interest on the same from the time it was due until the time of payment. Your Committee have held several sessions at the rooms of the Board in Boston. They have given patient attention to the statements of the peti­ tioner, both written and oral, and to the voluminous correspondence between him and the Prudential Committee, as well as between his associates in the mission and that Committee. The facts in the case, thus elicited, are briefly these: A s early as 1864 or 1865, it was found that Mr. Nutting was not working in harmony with his brethren of the mission. The cause of this difference was agitating un­ favorably the native churches. The Prudential Committee regretted this state of things, and tried by correspondence to heal these differences, and quiet what the}' regarded as an unhealthy excitement growing out of them. Failing in this, as early as December, 1865, they invited Mr. Nutting to come home for friendly conference. He replies in May, 1866, declining to come. He is then “ instructed” to visit the United States “ for the pur­ pose of consultation” ; but, in a letter of September, 1866, he declines, a second time, to do so. In this letter he acknowledges the right of the Prudential Committee to advise him, but denies their right to direct him in the circumstances; and claims that his duty to Christ and the Church, as well as to himself, constrain him to continue on in his work. X ANNUAL MEETÍNG OF THE BOARD.

In November, 1866, he is directed to come home for conference, with no­ tice that his salary will stop from May 1, 186 7, if he does not come. On the 21st of May, 1867, Mr. Nutting writes again, declining to return. The time was subsequently extended to October 1, 1867, in the hope that he would then comply with the wishes of the Committee; but he did not do so, and his salary was therefore withheld, by the Treasurer of the mission, from and after May 1, 1867. Mr. Nutting continued in his field, to the embarrassment of the Prudential Committee and the mission, until August 3, 1868. Your Committee regret that, if Mr. Nutting had a just claim for services, he should defer its presentation to the Board for nearly six and a half years after those services had closed, and then make-“ legal interest” a part of his claim, when, by reason of his delay, the claim itself has no legal obli­ gation. Your Committee also regret that Mr. Nutting should say in his petition, that “ no salary was paid him for the year 1868, or any portion o f that year,” when by his own accounts, he came home confessedly in debt to the Board in the sum of $510, a sum equal to five eighths of the entire claim for salary. Though this sum was not paid to him as salary, it was received from the agents of the Board for his possible and probable expenses, as is admitted in Mr. Nutting’s own accounts, and has never been returned. If now, after so long a time, he chooses to make a claim for salary due and unpaid, amounting to $818, he should at least credit thereon the sum of $510, confessedly advanced to him as aforesaid. Your Committee also regret that Mr. Nutting should come to the Board with this “ grievance” against the Prudential Committee, without reciting what we cannot but regard, under the circumstances, as acts of extreme kindness on the part of that Committee. It is in evidence, that beside making no call upon Mr. Nutting for the $510 advanced to him, they also paid all the traveling expenses of himself and family to this country,.— gave him, from time to time, after his arrival here, sums of money amount­ ing in all to $898, and finally paid him a retiring grant of $500. Your Committee also regret that Mr. Nutting should make an appeal to this Board to override the action of its Prudential Committee, when it is evident that his real “ grievance” with the Committee — that of claiming power to direct him in his work — would lie as strongly against this Board as against its Committee. In respect to the appointment, direction, and recall of missionaries, the Board has given to its Prudential Committee all the power which it possesses. Of course it retains the power of supervising and reversing the action of the Committee when it shall judge its action hasty, ill-timed, or unwise ; but it would be slow to exercise that power in a case like this, when the petitioner’s first appeal was not to the Board, but to his own conscience, and with knowledge that he would appeal as quickly from the Board to the same tribunal as from the Committee. Your Committee, from a careful examination of the whole case, feel con­ fident that the Prudential Committee have acted with great wisdom, pru­ dence, and forbearance; and also with commendable charity and liberal­ ity toward one, who, whatever his mistakes, they have regarded, and still THE FINANCIAL PROBLEM. xi

regard, as an earnest, self-denying Christian man. In our opinion the Prudential Committee have exercised no power in this case but what was given to them by the Board, and stretched no rule to cover it, but the great rule of charity. They therefore close their report with the recommendation that Mr. Nutting have leave to withdraw his petition. • A. C. BARSTOW , ) IIENRY F. DURANT, [ Committee. JAMES H. MEANS, ’ ) B o s t o n , April, 1875. The report was accepted and the recommendation adopted.

The President appointed the following Committees : — On Nominations. Drs. J. W. Strong, G. S. F. Savage, and Charles P. Bush. . On Business. Dr. A. L. Chapin, Hon. William Hyde, Dr. F. Bascom, Rev. F. H. Avery, and Rev. Frank Russell. On Devotional Exercises. Dr. A. P. Goodwin, Rev. William A. Bartlett, Rev. L. T. Chamberlain, Dr. William Warren, and Rev. S. J. Humphrey. After singing the Doxology, the Board took a recess, to meet at half-past seven in the evening.

TUESDAY EVENING — SERMON. The Board assembled in the evening at the designated time, when Dr. I. W. Andrews preached the Annual Sermon, from Romans i. 14: “ I am debtor both to the Greeks and to the barbarians, both to the wise and to the unwise.” The devotional services of the occasion were conducted by Dr. Nahum Gale, of Lee, Mass., and Dr. Arthur Mitchell, of Chicago.

WEDNESDAY MORNING. The Board met at half-past nine o’clock, and the session was opened with singing, and by prayer, in which Dr. W . W. Patton led. Rev. Isaac R. Worcester, in behalf of the Prudential Committee, read the following paper, on

THE FINANCIAL PROBLEM CONNECTED WITH THE NEW WORK QF THE BOARD. In prosecuting the present enlarged operations of the American Board, the question as to the best way of securing means for the support of the new missions, in nominally Christian lands, has already become one of mucli practical importance. It will be remembered that at the meeting of the Boaj-d in Salem, in 1871, a Memorial of the “ Provisional Committee of Foreign Evangelization ” was presented, urging the Board to take up a work in papal lands, such as had been prosecuted, to some extent, by the “ American and Foreign Christian Union,” and had recently been com­ mitted, by Congregational bodies representing the churches in several States, as a temporary expedient, to tbat “ Provisional Committee.” That memorial was referred to an able Committee of seven, who reported, rec­ ommending that the Board “ so extend its work in behalf of the nominally JCll ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD.

Christian people of the earth, as to include that particular department of missionary efi'ort contemplated in the memorial.” The Board adopted a resolution in accordance with this recommendation, and. also resolved, “ That for the more efficient entrance upon the new field of labor, it be recommended to the Prudential Committee to secure, so far as practicable, from the churches, a specific collection for this object, over and above their ordinary gifts to the Board.” ■ There were two obvious and apparently sufficient reasons for this recom­ mendation. (1.) The churches had been accustomed to contribute for this work to the American and Foreign Christian Union, and if now they de­ sired this Board to be their agent for its prosecution, — to take this work upon itself in addition to all that it was then doing, and which had ever taxed its resources to their fullest extent, — it seemed only fitting that contributions which had been taken from year to year for this branch of Christian effort, and sent to another treasury, should still be taken, and remitted now to the treasury of the Board. (2.) There was much reason to apprehend, that if only the regular contributions for the Board, such as had been taken for its former work, should be continued after the new work was added, those contributions would be but slightly if at all in­ creased, and the new work would prove to be, in effect, a burden upon, and an injur}' to, the important work already upon the hands of this Board. With the full understanding that this ought not to be, — that the addi­ tional operations, which the churches urged upon the Board, should be sustained bv an increase of gifts to its treasury, — it was arranged that the Treasurer should keep separate accounts for the two classes of missions, the old and the new; and that the churches should be asked, as the reso­ lution of the Board advised, to make specific contributions for the new work. The reports of the Treasurer from year to year have presented the results of this attempt to sustain the new missions by such specific con­ tributions. At the close of the first year, in 1872, when the Prudential Committee had hardly had time fully to enter upon the new efforts, the receipts for this work had been $7,210.66 more than the expenses. At the close of the second year, however, in. 1873, the tables were turned, and there was a balance against the treasury in this department, of $12,399.14. Unhappily this balance has been increasing to the present time. In 1874 it was §24,088.43 ; now it is $33,927.54; while the debt upon the old, and far more extended work, is only $10,390.42. The receipts from the churches, for the last year, have been for the new work $29,833.58, for the old or gen­ eral work, $438,787.24. The whole amount of contributions specified as for this department during the four years, has been, — for the first year, $17,130.74; for the second, 819,506.57 ; for the third, $34,331.22 ; and for the last, S29,833.58. Total $100,802.11. The expenses of the department for the four years respectively have been $9,920.08, $39,116.37, $46,020.51, and $39,672.69 — Total, $134,729.65. It may not be amiss to say, frankly, that what seemed, in view of the action of ecclesiastical bodies, and the urgency with which this work was pressed upon the Board, no more than a reasonable expectation on the part of the Prudential Committee, in re­ gard to receipts for the work, has not been fully met. THE FINANCIAL PROBLEM. Xlll

Yet it should be considered, that the foregoing financial statement can hardly be a full and satisfactory presentation of the case, if regarded as representing the comparative interest of the churches in, and their readi­ ness to contribute for, each of the two classes of missions respectively. It was never supposed that very many of the churches would be likely long to continue the practice of making two collections annually for this Board, — one for each of these divisions of the work abroad. Naturally, indeed almost of necessity, the work of the Board will be, by most, regarded as but one of the causes for which a collection should be made each year, not as a union of two causes, for each of which collections had been taken be­ fore the union, and should be taken still. Churches and individuals doubt­ less do and will give, at one and the same time, for the whole work, and will make no division of their contributions, designating such a part for one and the balance for the other branch of operations. Such division they will leave to the better informed judgment of the Prudential Committee. It is well known that many have thus contributed during the past year, feeling, perhaps, as deep an interest in the new as in the older missions, but remitting the contribution to the Treasurer as one, with no division and no suggestion as to the wav in which it should be applied. In such cases no part of the contribution has been entered on the Treasurer’s books as for the missions in papal lands, yet it would not be correct to say that it was all intended for the old work, in distinction from the new. It was in­ tended for the whole foreign missionary cause, as cared for by this Board. It is, therefore, impossible to know, in many cases, just how much of the money reaching the Treasury should be credited to the one, and how much to the other division of the missions, if two accounts are kept; but it is pretty certain that not all of what is now reported as the debt of the new department properly belongs to that department, when the real intentions of contributors are considered. It may well be doubted, however, whether the Board would not have re­ ceived as much during the past year, for its general, — its old department of effort, if the new work had not been undertaken, as has been credited to that department,—-whether its debt, if it had kept to its former work only, would now have been more than the #10,396.42 reckoned in the Treasurer’s account as a debt upon that department. The truth is believed to be, that many contributors would have given during the year just closed, and would give in the future, as much if the Board had no missions in papal lands, as they have given, and will give, now that this work has been as­ sumed. So that, really, unless specific and extra contributions shall still be taken for the new department of labor, there is danger that this depart-, ment will be carried forward, in no inconsiderable measure, at the expense of the old department. How shall this danger be met — this difficulty overcome ? If there were a general willingness, on the part of pastors and people, to follow, at least for a few years more, the course recommended at Salem, and take specific collections for the new department, in addition to efforts for the general work of the Board, the Prudential Committee would be glad to have this course pursued. But it seems obvious that, already, this has become dis­ XIV ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD.

tasteful to many, and it is probably becoming so more and more exten­ sively. Some even feel that this course is unjust — derogatory — to the new missions, seeming to bring them before the churches as distinct from, and in some way upon a lower plane of interest and importance than the missions in pagan lands. Certainly, this is not intended, and it is not sup­ posed that such a feeling is very prevalent, though it has been expressed. The importance of evangelistic effort in papal lands could hardly be over­ estimated, and the present promise of some of the new missions is cheering. But a desire for the discontinuance of a second contribution, distinctively for this department of effort, is supposed to be quite extensive; the fact that comparatively few churches make such a contribution is certain; and it seems at least doubtful whether it is best to continue the effort to se­ cure it. These brief statements suggest four inquiries, which may be simply stated here for the consideration of the Board, without any intention of entering upon a full discussion o f them in this paper. 1. Shall the new work, urged upon the Board four years ago, be aban­ doned, or largely curtailed ? Can it be believed that either this Board or the churches are ready for such a step? The reports upon the new mis­ sions which have been presented here, and referred, will show, rather, that some at least of these missions should be speedily enlarged and vigorously prosecuted. 2. Shall this work be now committed to the care of some other organiza­ tion, to which the churches will expect, and will be ready, to make regular contributions for this specific object ? Prior to the action of the Board in Salem, some such plan would have been preferred by the Prudential Com­ mittee, if one satisfactory to the churches could have been presented. It is obvious, however, that the work can be prosecuted with less expense if left in the charge of this Board, than if another agency must be organ­ ized for its prosecution. 3. Shall the effort be continued longer, to carry out the plan recom­ mended at Salem, and secure special contributions to the Board’s treasury for this branch of its work ? Or, 4th. Shall the new work be considered hereafter as only a part of the general work of the Board, and the expenses of the new missions be paid, like other expenses, from the general treasury ? It would, to say the least, be much more satisfactory if the debt now standing against this department could be canceled by special contributions before making this arrangement. The danger that such a plan will necessitate a curtailment of operations in what has been so long regarded as the Board’s appro­ priate field, cannot be concealed ; and this danger must be greatly in­ creased if the course suggested shall be taken while the debt remains un­ paid. Shall we attempt to meet this danger simply by the call for more earnest and prayerful effort, by pastors and others, so to increase the intel­ ligence, the zeal, and the liberality of the churches, with reference to effort for the world’s salvation, that they will cheerfully and fully meet not only the necessities of all the present missions, but the constantly increasing Providential calls from many lands, needing the Gospel in its purity ? THE ORGANIZATION OF THE BOARD. XV

The Prudential Committee must admit an apprehension on their part, that, if this course is taken while the debt remains unpaid, the resulting embarrassment will be serious. Y et their present view is that the full union of the two works, as now suggested, is desirable, and they would heartily concur in a resolution directing them so to unite the two whenever the debt shall be removed, ■— no longer keeping a separate account, or asking spe­ cial collections for the new work. With these suggestions they leave the matter with the Board, seeking light upon questions not altogether easy of solution.

After some remarks by Hon. Peter Parker and others, it was voted that this paper be the first subject for consideration in the afternoon.

Dr. Chapin, of the Business Committee, offered a resolution of thanks to Dr. Andrews for his sermon, and requesting a copy for publication; which was unanimously adopted.

Secretary Treat read the following paper, on

THE ORGANIZATION OF THE BOARD. The Prudential Committee have decided, after careful deliberation, to call the attention of the Board to the nature of its organization, and to submit to its wisdom the inquiry whether any modification is practicable, and at the same time expedient. They brin¡» forward this question, not because of any urgent demand for its consideration from the churches, nor because of any embarrassment which they have felt in administering the trust committed to them, but because there has been for many years an impression in some minds that a closer fellowship with the churches will make the organization more effective, and because the very absence of any pressure for a change makes it all the easier and safer to do whatever may seem desirable. It would be difficult to find a benevolent society, the Committee believe, that can prefer a stronger claim than ours to a divinely suggested origin. Six young men at Andover had heard, as they supposed, a distinct and emphatic call to ‘ ‘ preach among the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ.” But, whichever way they turned, the words of the Great Apos­ tle met them, as it were an impassable barrier, “ How shall they preach except they be sent ? ” In their sore perplexity they sought counsel of their teachers and others, men of acknowledged wisdom and commanding influence. Never, it is believed, has a more eventful conference been held upon that hallowed ground. Griffin, Woods, Stuart were there; Spring, Worcester, Evarts were there. Caution, sagacity, courage, faith,— all were fitly represented. Looking at the state of the world in 1810, look­ ing at the state of our churches, we cannot hut exclaim, “ Well was it that not one of these qualities, so represented, so impersonated, was lack­ ing.” The same invisible but guiding Presence that was at Andover, pervaded the assembly at Bradford. When the communication of Judson, Nott, XVI ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD.

Newell, and Mills was read to the General Association, 11 it was heard,” as one of the members bore witness subsequently, “ with profound atten­ tion ; it was a sound in the top of the m u lb erry trees ; some of us held our breath.” But what form shall be given to this new organization ? Spring and Worcester had forestalled the question. On their way to Bradford, during that memorable ride of ten miles, they had discussed it freely, and the younger of them had suggested the forming of a society, bearing that long and inconvenient designation which has come down to the present hour. And so by solemn vote of the Association, the American Board of Com­ missioners for Foreign Missions then and there began to be! Its very name disclosed its catholic and comprehensive purpose. It was not a Massachu­ setts society ; indeed, four of its first nine members were chosen from Connecticut. It was not a New England society; it was an American society. Though born in the midst of Puritan memories, it was not a Con­ gregational society. With how much of forethought, we cannot tell, but with a divine prompting, we cannot doubt, it was made so catholic, so un­ denominational, that with no lack of fidelity to its earliest constituency it could open its arms to all of like faith and like purpose, and labor with them, pleasantly and profitably, in a fellowship which, as an illustration of Christian charity, fraternal confidence, and harmonious cooperation, must always be reckoned among the highest achievements of missions. But this organization, admirable as it was in certain particulars, had one serious defect, which became only too apparent when that large-liearted woman, Mary Norris, left it a legacy of $30,000, the payment of which was refused. As our society had derived its existence from the General Association of Massachusetts, and not from the General Court of Massa­ chusetts, it could neither sue nor be sued, — the latter privilege being quite as real and important as the former, because of its bearings on the future credit of the Board. Very soon, therefore, an act of incorporation was asked of the General Court, — the draft having been prepared by Jeremiah Evarts, — and after sundry hindrances and delays it was obtained. The most salient point in this charter, — the one under which we are convened to-day, — is the provision which gives to the Corporate Member­ ship the power to perpetuate itself. The reasons for this provision have not been preserved. Its precise intent and object, therefore, we are left to conjecture. The convenience of such an arrangement, and to some ex­ tent its pecuniary value, must have been foreseen. But another reason, doubtless, was felt to be more urgent still. That great and sore defection which was casting its shadow upon the churches of New England, and was destined to weaken them so sadly, and imperil their rights, civil and eccle­ siastical, so grievously, must have made the founders of the Board trem­ blingly alive to the safety of those new interests which had been intrusted to them. Their natural and unavoidable solicitude in this regard would seem to be a sufficient explanation. An important change, however, has gradually taken place, not in the organization, but in the administration of the Board. At the Annual Meeting held at Springfield in 1821, it was resolved that any clergyman on THE ORGANIZATION OF THE BOARD. x v ii paying fifty dollars, and any layman on paying one hundred dollars at one time, should have the privilege of attending its meetings and of assisting in its deliberations as Honorary Members; but without the privilege of voting, the latter being restricted by act of incorporation to members elected by ballot. The twelve men who passed this vote, wise and far-seeing as they are known to have been, could have hardly understood its full significance. A t first, indeed, no one seems to have understood it. Prior to 1825, only three persons were enrolled as Honorary Members. The number increased subsequently; but not till 1836 did it rise to one hundred. At Worcester, however, eight years later, the importance of this resolution was fully re­ vealed. There is no occasion, surely, to refer to more recent assemblies. In some instances, it will be remembered, the number of Honorary Mem­ bers, registered and unregistered, has approached, if not exceeded, one thousand; and their presence has brought with it another and a much larger presence. It is hardly too much to say that the changes which have been going forward during the last forty years may be called in some sort revolution­ ary. The underlying thought of our Annual Meetings at the outset was that of a number of intelligent Christians sitting around a table or board, and discussing freely and carefully the matters that might come before them. But we have drifted away from this idea toward that of a mass meeting. It is affirmed occasionally that the business of our society is not done as thoroughly as it ought to be done. This difficulty the Committee have recognized all along. But with them the question has not been, “ How can the affairs of the Board be dealt with most successfully in a church par­ lor, but how can they be thus dealt with in the presence of a great assem­ bly ? ” For more than thirty years the friends of missions have manifested a remarkable interest in these convocations. It has not been the endeavor of the Committee to make them so large; but, accepting them as provi­ dential, they have tried to provide for them as best they could. The programme, from year to year, has been substantially as follows: At an early stage of the meeting a large number of committees has been created, in order that by a wide distribution of labor the proceedings of the Prudential Committee might be sufficiently considered, expecting, at the same time, that matters which might require a more careful examination would go to special committees, to be reported on at a future time. While it is true that we have not secured the deliberation and supposed thorough­ ness of a legislature that sits two, four, or six months, it is not absolutely certain that longer sessions would have yielded better results. But the Committee must not be regarded as speaking regretfully of the unexpected changes which have been effected in our Annual Meetings In certain directions, indeed, there has been an obvious loss. In other directions, however, the gain has been incalculable. Without them, in truth, the work of the Board could never have attained to its present dimensions; without them our constituency would never have felt so deep an interest in missions; without them the Christian life of our churches would never have become so sympathetic, so aggressive, so Scriptural. Those who have come up to these sacred festivals, year after year — even b X V lll ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD.

as the tribes of Israel went up to Jerusalem, — have regarded them as the undoubted proof and fruitage of a special Divine Presence. Scenes might be recalled of such hallowed tenderness, of such singular impressiveness, of such elevated communion, one with another, as with Him who is head over all things to the Church, that the memory thereof will abide in many hearts, fragrant and precious, to the end of life. It is needful for our purpose to glance for a moment at the ordinary working of the present system : A meeting is held, it may be in New Eng­ land, it may be in Illinois, and from sixty to one hundred Corporate Mem­ bers are found to be in attendance. But there are also three, four, five, six, possibly nine times as many Honorary Members, — for each of these figures can be verified from the records of our meetings, — and outside of these two classes are many hundreds of Christian friends, intelligent, thoughtful, watchful, and deeply interested in all that takes place. The Honorary Members have the same rights and privileges as the Corporate Members, with a single exception. They serve on committees; they can discuss any question that may arise ; they can submit any motion and pro­ pose any amendment that shall be in order. They can do all this, more­ over. with the advantage of knowing that they are much the larger body, and that many of them are the peers, in every sense, of those with whom they sit and deliberate. As a matter of history, the right of voting hitherto would not have been of the least practical value to them. The action of the Corporate Members has never deviated by a hair-breadth from what would have been the de­ liberate voice of the Honorary Members, and it never could have so devi­ ated without great peril to our common interests. The Corporate Mem­ bers must know and feel that they can venture upon a disagreement only for the strongest reasons, such reasons as will be sure to receive the ap­ proval of the churches. To say, therefore, that the Board is an irrespon­ sible corporation is a serious misrepresentation. It is the opinion of the Prudential Committee, maturely formed, that the Board, as now adminis­ tered, is as directly and swiftly amenable to its constituency as any benev­ olent society in the United States. Still the Committee take the liberty, as already intimated, of submitting the inquiry whether any change in our organization is practicable, and also expedient. And they will indicate at once two general directions in which, as they suppose, a change may be sought. (1) The privileges of the Hon­ orary Members may be enlarged ; (2) our ecclesiastical bodies, or some of them, may be brought into more intimate and influential relations with the Board. Before proceeding, however, to indicate certain modifications that may be considered feasible, if they shall seem desirable, the Prudential Committee feel constrained to say that they regard any fundamental alter­ ation of our present charter as undesirable. 1. It has an historical value which they deem it important to retain. In fact though not in form, it had its genesis at Bradford. The General Court of Massachusetts put its seal upon the action of the General Asso­ ciation of Massachusetts, and thereby made the execution of its high endeavor practicable not only, but sure. It was the act of incorporation, THE ORGANIZATION OF THE BOARD. x i x and only that, which rendered possible the large results which have been secured. Let us not surrender it, therefore, without the strongest reasons. The memories of the past cluster about it, and ask for its life. He whose serene wisdom clothed it in simple and fitting language, seems to rise be­ fore us, and to enforce the petition. Missionaries who have loved it and blessed it, living and dying, plead for that which has been, wherever they have toiled, their confidence and their joy. What though we should re­ place it with something newer, something fresher, something more symmet­ rical perhaps. The soldier does not give up the flag which has been his inspiration and his strength in many a hard fought battle, for one that has fewer rents and fewer stains. For though the new, the supplanter, may be more seemly in the eyes of. a stranger, it can never be to him as the old. 2. The present charter has a covimercial value which it seems undesir­ able to lose. That body which it called into being, so many years ago, is known in the chief marts of business as possessed o f a credit that is never questioned, never suspected even, and able, therefore, to minister to the wants of its missionaries on the best terms in all parts of the world. And this for a two-fold reason : (1) Under and by means of its corporate priv­ ileges it has gained a position like that of a long established and well known mercantile house. (2) Under and by means of its corporate liabil­ ities it has secured the confidence of those who deal with it, especially of its bankers. The Barings know all its provisions, and when their agents in Boston accredit the bills of the Board, prior to their being sent abroad, and so make them responsible for £20,000 or £30,000, which our Treasurer, hypothetically, may fail to protect, they understand their risk, not only, but their safety. They know just where to place their hands for their complete indemnity. But a material change in our charter, especially in certain directions, may necessitate readjustments which will prove very in­ convenient, not to say harmful. 3. The present arrangement secures uniformity o f administration. As the Board is now constituted, it can meet in places widely distant from each other, and yet avoid the risks incident to a fluctuating body. Aside from the Honorary Members, and aside from such of the Corporate Mem­ bers as may fairly claim exemption from their earlier responsibilities, it has one hundred and fifty gentlemen, chosen for life because of their supposed fitness for the important trust which they have assumed, with more or less of acquaintance with the questions which are likely to come before them, and who are expected, moreover, to give their attendance whenever it shall be practicable. It resembles, therefore, a battalion of regular soldiers, which can become, in any time of need, the nucleus of a much larger force. It can meet at New Haven or Minneapolis, at Rutland or Chicago, and still be sure of a number of experienced and conscientious fellow-laborers. Hence it has little to fear from unsteady counsels, whereby a policy inaugurated one year may be reversed the next. And surely, if uniformity and persist­ ency are requisite in any form of Christian effort, especially and preemi­ nently are they requisite in missions. A wise general plans the close of his proposed campaign as well as the opening, forestalling all contingencies as far as possible, and never for a moment losing sight of his ulterior purpose. XX ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD.

But missions are simply an invasion of the kingdom of darkness. Each successive movement should be the evolution, as it were, of a definite idea. There should be watchfulness, comprehensiveness, flexibility; and so should there be steadiness, consecutiveness, onwardness. These essentials to the highest success of our work, we are constrained to believe, may be seriously imperiled by a material alteration of our charter. But there are changes, nevertheless, which will tend to bring our constit­ uency into closer fellowship with the Board, and which at the same time may be regarded as practicable. The Committee will suggest only two of these changes, not wishing, however, to be understood as recommending either of them. 1. A by-law can be adopted whereby, prior to the final vote on any ques­ tion, an informal vote of the Honorary Members may be taken, so that when the Corporate Members shall act definitively, they may do so with a full knowledge of the opinions and w is h e B expressed by those who deliber­ ate with them. 2. A by-law may be adopted that shall provide for two methods of choos­ ing Corporate Members, one for an election on the basis of donations, the other, on the basis of church membership. Since the report submitted by Judge Strong, in 1866, it has been customary to distribute the new mem­ bers among the different States according to their contributions, except that to the States west of Pennsylvania double their quota has been allowed, the number assigned to the eastern States, especially to Massachusetts, having been correspondingly reduced. The Prudential Committee suppose it to be practicable to adopt a rule whereby, (1), the number of Corporate Members shall be fixed at two hun­ dred or more “ active members (2), that one half of these shall be chosen on the basis of contributions; (3), that the other half shall be chosen on the nomination of our State Congregational bodies, — the nominations to be (say) thrice the number of the vacancies, so that the election by the Board shall be substantial, not formal merely; (4), that all persons so nom­ inated and chosen shall stand, in all respects, upon the same footing as the present members, with the single qualification, perhaps, that a removal of any such member from the State which he represents, shall be considered as, ipso facto, a resignation o f his Corporate Membership; (5), that certain officers of the State bodies shall be expected to take cognizance of any vacancies that may occur, and report the same to the next annual meetings of such bodies, to the end that other nominations may be made. Having made these suggestions, the Committee prefer to leave the whole subject to the wisdom of the Board, presuming that a judicious committee, at some stage of the meeting, will receive it in charge, with instructions to report thereon next year. It is to be hoped that such a committee will take a careful and comprehensive survey of all the interests involved, and submit in due time not only the best plan, if there be any which they re­ gard as better than the present, but also such regulations as may be need­ ful to give effect thereto.

It was voted that this subject be the second order of the day in the after­ noon session. LETTER PROM DR. ANDERSON. xxi

LETTER FROM DR. ANDERSON. The Recording Secretary read the following letter from Dr. Rufus Ander­ son, declining reëlection as a member of the Prudential Committee, and giving a sketch of the Committee and its methods of transacting business : —

To the President o f the American Board o f Commissioners for Foreign Missions.

R e v e r e n d a n d D e a r S i r , — Verging* on four-score years, I feel constrained to decline reëlection as a member o f the Prudential Committee. My relations to the Board and its business have been such from my first coming to Boston, more than half a century since, as to require my attendance at the meetings o f the Com­ mittee ; and during thirty-four o f these years, I performed the duties o f Clerk o f the Prudential Committee and of Foreign Secretary. A connection reaching back to within twelve years of the formation of the Board, renders it not improper for me to close my official life with some brief references to the Prudential Committee. And this seems the more appropriate, since it did not come within the range of either of the Histories of Missions of the Board, which it has been my duty to prepare for publication, and since it will probably be long before Divine Providence will give such opportunity to another for knowing the influence exerted by the Committee on the inner life o f the mis­ sions. Two clergymen and one layman were the original members : namely, Dr. Sam­ uel Worcester, Dr. Samuel Spring, and William Bartlett, Esq. Mr. Bartlett bad resigned, and the two clerical members had died, before I came to Boston. The Committee was then composed of three clergymen and the same number of lay­ men : namely, Dr. Jedediah Morse, Dr. Leonard Woods, Dr. Warren Fay, Jere­ miah Evarts, Esq., Hon. William Reed, and Hon. Samuel Hubbard. The present number is nine, three o f whom are clergymen and six are laymen. D r. Worcester, the first Corresponding Secretary, was eminently fitted by D i­ vine Providence for his position. The first ten reports of the Prudential Commit­ tee were written by him ; and the last o f these has never been excelled in the vigor o f its tone, the strength o f its faith, and the breadth o f its views. Tlfe mental qualities of Mr. Evarts, the next Corresponding Secretary, would seem to have been more adapted to some o f the very peculiar exigencies o f the next ten years, than were those of his eminent predecessor. The terms o f service o f thirteen members of the Committee have varied from fifteen to forty-one yeaVs, o f nine others from ten to fourteen years, and o f fourteen others from one to nine years. And experience has abundantly shown the impor­ tance of a protracted service in the Committee. I know not how to estimate the commercial value o f the personal services o f business men residing in large cities. Think of the time given by Mr. Charles Stoddard, who came into the Committee in 1832, and attended scarcely less than fifty meetings a year during forty years ! Think, also, of Judge Hubbard, a distinguished lawyer in Boston, giving attend­ ance on meetings of the Committee during twenty-two of his best years, until his business, as a judge o f the Supreme Court o f Massachusetts, wholly absorbed his time. The Board determines the number of members of the Prudential Committee, and the number of the Secretaries, as also the duties of the several classes of office bearers. The executive business o f the Board, until the year 1821, was performed in a small basement room of Mr. Evarts’s house in Pinckney Street. The accom­ modations were soon after enlarged ; and the Missionary House, on Pemberton Square, was’ built in 1837, The records o f the Prudential Committee meetings XXII ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD.

now make fifteen bound volumes, and the number o f the recorded meetings ex­ ceeds two thousand five hundred. These meetings, for many years, have been held as often as once a week, and have occupied from one to three hours, and more. Subcommittees were often appointed during the forming period of the missions, to report in writing, in order to secure a more thorough investigation of difficult subjects ; and these reports make three bound volumes. I doubt if there is another similar bod)’ in the land that can show more remark­ able promptness and regularity of attendance, it being usual for the members to be in their seats punctually at the time appointed for the opening o f the meet­ ings. In these meetings, each of the executive officers is expected to bring for­ ward items of business in his own department, to state them freely, and to give such opinions as he has been able to form. The different members of the Com­ mittee are then called upon for their opinions by the Chairman, in the reverse order of their election, beginning with the one last elected. By a rule recently .adopted, the Chairman is at liberty to call, at his discretion, for a second declara­ tion of opinions, beginning with the oldest elected member present. The execu­ tive officers, not being members o f the Committee, are not entitled to a vote, but they, of course, have opportunity to make additional statements and explanations before the second call. The Chairman is expected to exercise his own right of voting before declaring the result. I must not omit adverting distinctly to the labors of sub-committees, — upon the finances, upon the purchase of exchange, and upon legacies and donations. All payments by the Treasurer require the sanction of the Committee. Indeed, the finances of the Board are wholly under the control of that body; and while millions have been received, and millions have been expended, not a dollar, prop­ erly under their control, has been lost. The Corresponding Secretary and Treasurer were members of the Committee in its early period, but since 1835, no one of the executive officers of the Board has been a voting member. Yet they attend its meetings, share in its delibera­ tions, and are understood to be specially responsible for seeing that the Committee are duly informed in regard to all questions coming before them. It is not to be supposed that the Committee are always unanimous in their votes, but there has been a general agreement. During the years when the Board acted for the Congregational, Presbyterian, and Reformed Dutch churches, I re­ member nothing like a sectarian spirit in the counsels of the Committee. The Syria and the Nestorian missions did not transfer their relations from the Board to the Presbyterian General Assembly because of any dissatisfaction with its policy. I have always admired the simplicity and steadfastness o f the Prudential Com­ mittee in its mission policy. That policy, yielding to experience, may not now be, even in some of its important features, precisely as it was thirty years ago; but the changes actually made have usually been of the nature of developments. Deputations to the missions have formed a necessary part of the policy of the Committee; and these have been sent to the missions among the North American Indians, and to Western Asia, India, and the Sandwich Islands. All I need say concerning them, in this connection, is that the deputations were well considered, the members were well instructed before they were sent, and were held account­ able, after their return, for the faithful discharge o f their prescribed duties. The executive officers, of course, exert much influence in the deliberations of the Prudential Committee. This arises from their knowledge o f the facts bear­ ing on the questions discussed, their personal acquaintance with the missionaries, and their familiarity with the principles and precedents of the Board. Yet I see TEN YEARS’ REVIEW. xxm no cause o f solicitude on this score, so long as proper care is exorcised by the Board in electing members to the Committee, for new cases constantly arise, de­ manding attention, as in legislative and judicial bodies. A s the Board considerably extended its field o f operations in 1871, by embrac­ ing the Romish Churches in Christian lands, I may properly state, as historical facts, that the measure did not originate with the Prudential Committee, and that it was assented to under the belief that the constituency of the Board desired it. The determination o f the Committee to make the circulation of the Scriptures an indispensable part o f their operations in every occupied field, whatever the na­ ture and amount o f opposition, has required unyielding faith in the promise o f our Lord, “ Lo, I am with you.” I remember no instance in which the circulating of God’s Word, in Turkey, India, China, or Japan, has been a question admitting of a doubt. One more illustration. Missionary Societies and Missions have been slow in appreciating the importance o f the native pastorate to the full development and success o f native churches in heathen lands. The missions o f the Board in India ordained no native pastor until forty years after their commencement. Attention was then called to the subject by the Prudential Committee, and the native pas­ torate was commenced in all those missions; and such a pastorate is now fully recognized by the Board, and by its missions, as an essential element in all native churches. That the Prudential Committee has succeeded so well in the discharge of its arduous and often perplexing duties, through more than three-score years, and in its more than two thousand business meetings, calls for gratitude to the Lord o f missions, who has so evidently been their guide. I am thankful for the opportu­ nity, at the close of my official life in the work o f missions, to bear my humble testimony to the Executive Committee of the Board, with whom I have so long been happily associated. Nor can I close without a brief but affectionate refer­ ence to my faithful deceased associates; and the avowal of my confidence, never so strong as now, in the approaching and ultimate triumphs o f the gospel. I am, dear sir, as ever, respectfully and most truly yonrs in the Gospel o f our Lord Jesus Christ, R. ANDERSON.

B o s t o n , September 29, 1875 . This letter was referred to the Committee on Officers.

A GREETING FROM THE “ BIRTHPLACE.” A letter was read, signed by the pastor of the Congregational Church, Williamstown, Mass., and by the President of the “ Mills Association ” of young men in the college there, and inclosing a check for $120, designed “ as a birthday, or rather a birthplace greeting ” to the Board.

Secretary Clark read the following paper: •—

WORK OP THE AMERICAN BOARD — TEN YEARS’ REVIEW. It is ten years since the former meeting of the Board at Chicago. It will not be regarded as unsuitable to this occasion to inquire what changes have occurred during this period, what results have been achieved, what prog­ ress has been made, and what vantage ground gained for the further ad­ vance of the kingdom of Christ. xxiv ANNUAL MEETING OE THE BOAliD.

CHANGES. First, we may note changes in the Board, in the missionary force, and in the field of operations. At the beginning of this period, the constituency of the Board included not only the Congregational churches, but a portion of the Presbyterian Church, with more or less individuals from other de­ nominational bodies. By the withdrawal of the Presbyterians, in 1870, the Board was left to become almost solely the agent of the Congregational churches in the prosecution of their foreign work. About one third of its constituency, and about one sixth of its work, were withdrawn. The change in the Corporate Membership of the Board has been still greater. But eighty-one out of the two hundred names on the roll ten years since, are found on it now. Thirty members, more or less, withdrew in the interest of the Presbyterian denomination, and eighty six have died; so that a majority of the present membership have entered upon their du­ ties during the last ten years. What memories of wise counsels, of Christian consecration, of lofty elo­ quence and impassioned speech, of high positions in church and state, arc awakened as we glance over the list, and reckon up names henceforth marked with stars. The preacher of ten years ago, the beloved Kirk, no longer walks by faith, but in the clearer vision of eternal things; and he1 who at Pittsburgh discoursed of the coming triumphs of the kingdom of Christ, — when from the rising of the sun even to the going down of the same, His name should be great among the Gentiles, — from a higher point of view than ours, watches the fulfillment of the glorious prophecy. But four of the twelve members of the Prudential Committee of ten years since are connected with it now. Three have resigned, five have died, and five new members have been appointed. Similar changes have occurred in the ranks of the missionaries. They numbered, in 1865, one hundred and fifty-two men and one hundred and sixty-three women, including one hundred and forty-three ordained mis­ sionaries, and eiglit unmarried women. Of the entire number, one hun­ dred and forty-six names remain on the roll, alter all changes. Twenty- two men and seventeen women have been called up higher. This list in­ cludes the names of many of the earlier missionaries, — Thurston, Emer­ son, and Johnson, of the Sandwich Islands; King, of Greece-, Goodell and Powers of Turkey; Perkins, of Persia; Ballantine, of India; Spaulding, of Ceylon; and Wright, of the Seneca mission. Others were called away in the midst of their days, and when apparently ready for the greatest use­ fulness,— Walker, Williams, and Pratt, from Turkey; Rhea, from Persia; Ford, from Syria; Sanders and Taylor, from the Tamil missions. The average age of the twenty-two was 57.27 years; of missionary service 27.68 years. How much of missionary history gathers around these names ! Of the eight unmarried women, two have closed their labors, — one after more than forty years of active service, during which one thousand Hawai­ ian girls were under her instruction. During the ten years, two hundred and seventy-two new laborers have been sent out, including seventy-six single women and thirteen single men. 1 Dr. Todd. TEN YEARS’ REVIEW. XXV

Of this number forty-four were children of missionaries, following in the steps of their parents. Of the entire number, over two hundred continue in the field; three men and six women have died; twenty-two have been transferred to other missions. Of the seventy-six unmarried women sent out, two have died, after a brief, but eminently successful period of mis­ sionary service; six have been obliged to return by reason of impaired health, and eleven have married, — three to missionaries of other societies, and two outside of the missionary pale. It appears from the above, that during the ten years twenty-five men have died, and twenty-three women. Considering the greater number of women in the field, it is evident that, as a rule, women endure the missionary work better than men. Three wives have been obliged to return because of the ill health of their hus­ bands, and one husband has given up missionary work because of the ill health of his wife. Of the thirteen single men, three have married in the mission field, three have retired from the work, three have come home with impaired health, and one fell a victim to Romish intolerance. As between singleO men and single O women engaged © O in the foreign O work, ' the advantage for the period under review has been decidedly in favor of the women, and our Woman’s Boards have great occasion for gratitude and encouragement, in view of the very marked success which has attended their representatives abroad. It is with profound satisfaction that wc glance over the list of these self-denying servants of Christ, and note the results of their labors in their varied fields. By the transfer of six different missions to the Presbyterian Board, the field was somewhat reduced; but new missions have been added, till the entire field embraced in the operations of the American Board is much larger than it was ten years ago, while in particular fields the work lias been greatly extended. The mission to Japan, now one of the largest, and of the greatest promise, was begun in 1870. The work in Papal lands, commenced the following year, now embraces four missions — two in Mexico, one in Spain, and one in the Austrian Empire. The receipts of the Board have very nearly kept pace with the growing field. A small balance was reported in the treasury ten years ago. A debt is reported this year of $44,000, showing that for the ten years the receipts of the Board have on an average fallen about one per cent, below the expenditures. The entire receipts for the decade were $4,710,332 ; for the decade ending 18G5, $3,730,082 ; for the decade ending 1855, $ 2 ,­ 723,549; an increase of about $1,000,000 per decade. Yet it must be ob­ served that this increase, for the last decade, does not keep up with the advance for home enterprises. Omitting all the contributions to the Bible and Tract Societies, loeal and miscellaneous objects, — such as donations for colleges, west and south, — and including the four principal home so­ cieties, we find the scale of contributions for the two preceding decades to have been for the home and the foreign work, as ten to fourteen, but for the last decade as ten to eight, and for the last year as ten to seven and one fourth. While we rejoice in all that is done for these various home enterprises, and would not diminish by a dollar, but would rather add to, their receipts, XX vi ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD.

is it too much to say, in view of the increased ability of the churches, “ these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.” If the demands and opportunities of the home work have multiplied, so have those of the foreign field. The world is open to effort as it was not twenty and thirty years ago. The facilities of communication have brought all parts of the world to our very doors. Can the claims of millions of im­ mortal souls, now accessible and ready to perish, or the duty of giving them the bread of life, be greater than now ?

RESULTS ACHIEVED. The results achieved in the foreign field are not such as to discourage more abundant labors. The attempt to give any just conception of the work actually accomplished by figures, representative of progress in dif­ ferent lines, is as unsatisfactory as it is unjust. How shall wc estimate the moral changes in the character, thoughts and aspirations of millions of men under the influence of the gospel, as illustrated by the example of thou­ sands of their own countrymen, rescued from the degradation of heathen­ ism, and now compelling respect and admiration by the progress they are making in Christian civilization? How shall we measure the influence of the press, scattering its millions of pages of Christian literature far and wide, in city and town, on island and continent, in twenty different lan­ guages, in all parts of the globe? How estimate the results of education reaching hundreds of thousands of youth, wakening to new thought and hope, freeing the mind from its bondage to the superstitions of ages, and leading it to a just recognition of the spirit and power of that gospel which everywhere quickens and develops the intellectual as well as the moral faculties of man? Yet statistical results are not without their use, as indices, rather than the full measure of work done. Though the entire number oE missiona­ ries is but a little larger than it was ten years ago, the native agency is far more effective. In the fields now occupied by the Board, the numbei of ordained native pastors has gone up from thirty-eight to one hundred and ten, and is rapidly increasing. The native pastors take possession, as it were, and cultivate the fields already won ; leaving the missionaries, with other native agents, free to push the work of evangelization into the regions beyond. The power of the gospel has had its finest illustration in the high intellectual and Christian character of many of these pas­ tors. Men are to be found among them of eloquent speech, of wise coun­ sel, faithful in the watch and care of souls, prudent in the administration of ecclesiastical affairs. Churches under their guidance represent finished work, — our crown of rejoicing. In great measure by the means of native agency, the actual field of oper­ ations has been enlarged, during the ten years, full forty per cent, with but little increase of expenditure. The number of towns and cities oc­ cupied has increased from 441 to 675 ; and the population to be reached, and actually dependent on the churches acting through the Board for the knowledge of the way of life, has gained in similar proportion, till the number is more than double, if not three-fold the population of the United States. Such is the vast field now committed to our care. TEN YEARS’ REVIEW. X X V ll

The entire number of additions to the mission churches during the decade is 12,820 — or over one hundred to each ordained missionary in active service, including those engaged in teaching and in literary labors, after leaving a large margin as the result of special labors by, and in be­ half of, women. Such an average is just to all parties, some of whom are but sowing for others to reap, and some reaping the results of others’ toil ; some in less and others in more immediately productive fields. These conversions must be estimated by the fact that they represent the begin­ nings of Christian society amid the moral wastes of heathenism and cor­ rupt forms of Christianity ; and not the fruits of establiflied and honored institutions. These followers of Christ have professed their faith, in many instances, with the loss of houses and lands, of family, friends, and social standing, and sometimes at the peril of their lives. They represent so many breaches in the walls, so many open ways to new neighborhoods, and so many new centres of Christian influence. There have been no wide-spread and general awakenings in any of the mission fields, — such as were witnessed in former years in the Sandwich Islands, among the Karens, and more recently in Madagascar— though such movements, in some fields, are anticipated at an early day. The preparation is making or already made; and we wait for the Spirit of God to quicken into life the seed sown and nurtured in prayer and faith. Heathenism, whether in pagan or papal lands, intrenched in the native depravity of the human heart, buttressed about with forms and usages and institutions consecrated by the arts of a crafty priesthood and the tradi­ tions of generations, involving the entire intellectual and social life from infancy to the grave, yields but slowly to missionary effort, but il yields. The gain in church membership in the different fields is as follows : — In the Zulu Mission — about ...... 100 per cent. Western Turkey ...... 110 per cent. Central T urkey ...... 100 per cent. Eastern Turkey ...... 340 per cent. Mahratta M ission ...... 25 per cent. Madura M ission ...... 53 per cent. Ceylon M ission ...... 46 per cent. In the Foochow Mission from 3 churches and 45 members, to 8 churches and 144 mem­ bers, o r ...... 320 per cent. In the North China Mission, from a work just beginning in 1865, to 7 churches and 171 members. In Micronesia, from 4 churches and 253 members, to 20 churches and 1,200 members, — 470 per cent. In Japan, where the work began in 1870, there are now 3 churches and 57 members. In Western Mexico, where the work began in 1872, there is now 1 church with 91 members. Among the Dakotas, from 4 churches and 527 members, to 9 churches (including two transferred to the Presbyterian Board) and 775 members. XXY111 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOAKD.

The work in Spain and Austria does not admit of tabular statement, though it is such as greatly to encourage, and full of promise for the future. The results in papal lands, thus far, seem to promise greater and more immediate returns for efforts made than in any other fields occupied by the Board. And can it be a question whether a pure gospel, and souls won to Christ, are of as much value in unevangelized countries like Mexico, Spain, and Austria, as in India or China ? The aggregate results may be summed up thus : Omitting the mission to the Sandwich Islands, graduated in 1870, and the missions transferred to another Board, the churches in the mission fields now occupied by the Board, have increased from 136, with a membership of 5,557, to 223, with a membership of 11,546, — an advance of over 100 per cent.

ADVANCE IN EDUCATION. The number of pupils, of all grades, under instruction, has more than doubled during the ten years, while the standard of education lias been advanced, a better quality and a more adequate supply of text-books have been secured, and better teachers prepared in the seminaries and nor­ mal schools. From one to two years of study have been added to the course in the theological training schools, the number of boarding schools for girls and young women has been increased through the cooperation of the Woman’s Boards, and a more just appreciation of the value of Chris­ tian education awakened among all classes. This has already found ex­ pression in the growth and marked success of several collegiate institu­ tions, — as Robert College, with its two hundred students, at Constantino­ ple; the Syrian Protestant College at Beirut, originated under the auspices of the Board, with its seventy students ; Jaffna College in Ceylon, with as many more; Central Turkey College at Aintab, with its preparatory class already gathered and an endowment nearly completed; and other institu­ tions in prospect, and urgently demanded, in Eastern Turkey and in Ja­ pan. The gospel of Christ is one in its quickening energy, wherever it is received ; one in its relations to institutions of learning, whether in New England, Turkey, or India. In a missionary point of view, seminaries and colleges of a high grade are necessary to develop men and women to be the leaders of thought, and to exert a controlling influence in moulding the new civilization. CHRISTIAN LITERATURE. As incidental to the work of education and the nurture of believers, a Christian literature holds an important place. School-books must be pre­ pared to meet the ever increasing demand; an infidel literature and the subtleties of a false philosophy must be met; practical instruction is re­ quired in the morals of Christianity, as well as illustrations of Christian doctrine. Translations from English or American authors are not often suited to the national traits and peculiar habits of thought of other races, — “ Pilgrim’s Progress” always excepted. Hence the increasing number of missionaries necessarily detailed to this branch of service, and the great advance in literature suited to the popular mind and heart. As contributing to the interest of the cause, it is proper to notice here TEN YEARS’ REVIEW. X X ix the valuable contributions made to missionary literature at home, by Dr. Anderson’s five volumes, — Lectures and Histories ; Professor Seelye’s two volumes,— Lectures in India, and in this country; Mr. Wheeler’s “ Ten Years on the Euphrates ” and “ Letters from Eden; ” Mr. Parmelee’s “ Life Scenes among the Mountains of Ararat; ” Mr. Marsh’s “ Tennes­ seean in Persia; ” Mr. Riggs’ “ Gospel among the Dakotas; ” Mr. Bird’s “ Bible Scenes in Bible Lands ; ” Professor Bartlett’s “ Sketches of Mis­ sions; ” Miss Rankin’s “ Twenty Years among the Mexicans ; ” Dr. War­ ren’s These for Those” and “ Twelve Years among the Children;” Miss West’s “ Romance of Missions;” Dr. Prime’s “ Memoirs of Dr. Goodell;” various articles contributed to Reviews by missionary pens; the publica­ tions and reports of the Board; and the Leaflets of the Woman's Boards; in which the best thought and wisdom of many minds has been condensed into the briefest form, and scattered broadcast. The value of these dif­ ferent publications in sustaining missionary interest at home can hardly be over-estimated. Mr. Wheeler’s “ Ten Years on the Euphrates,” as a practical illustration of missionary principles, has had great influence upon the policy and methods of other missions as well as our own, not only in the foreign but in the home field. Time would fail to speak of the valuable works introduced by mission­ aries into the various languages and literatures of the world ; of the trans­ lations of the Scriptures; of the important contributions to philology, in the form of grammars and dictionaries, to say nothing of the help thus pro­ vided for future laborers. As not the least among circumstances favorable to the progress of the missionary enterprise, may be mentioned the greater facility in reaching and communicating with different mission fields. Ten years since the sailing vessel bore the missionary to India, Ceylon, China, Africa, and the Sandwich Islands, and was only just giving place to the steamer as a means of reaching the Turkish missions. The one hundred and sixty days to India, by ice ship, around the Cape of Good Hope, has given place to six weeks via the Suez Canal. The long voyage around Cape Horn to China, is changed to what Dr. Blodget, of Pekin, now calls a “ pleasure trip,” by rail across the continent and then on an ocean steamer. Better provision can be made, too, for the health and comfort of the mission­ aries ; and the people among whom they labor are brought nearer to our hearts and sympathies. As connected with increased facilities for prosecuting the missionary work, it should be mentioned here that the need of some further pro­ vision to meet the wants of missionary children has been most happily met by Mrs. Walker, formerly of the Eastern Turkey Mission, in her home at Auburndale, near Boston, where, aided by the generous contri­ butions of those specially interested in the object, she has now thirteen children under her care, to the no small relief and happiness of parents in Turkey, India, China, Africa, and Micronesia. The beautiful Chris­ tian spirit that pervades the household, the progress made in study, and the number who have there learned to love the Saviour, are so many seals of the Divine favor upon the enterprise. ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD.

THE WOMAN’S BOARDS OF MISSIONS. Of still greater moment to the cause, in its influence in developing missionary interest at home and furthering the work abroad, has been the organization of Woman’s Boards of Missions. The American Board had from the first employed unmarried women as teachers in mission schools ; but the way had not been fully open for other and more imme­ diate labors in behalf of women. In I860, Mrs. Mullens, in Calcutta, had found public sentiment so far changed as to admit of access to the zenanas of the wealthier classes. The beginning made was followed up. An in­ dependent Union Society was organized in this country for such efforts, which further demonstrated the practicability of reaching native women in their homes. Regarding special labors for women in the missions as a necessary and most important part of its work, the American Board gladly welcomed and seconded the organization of Woman’s Boards of Missions to aid in this branch of effort ; the first at Boston, in 1868 ; the second, for the In­ terior, at Chicago, in 1869 ; and a third, for the Pacific Slope, in 1873. Similar boards have since been formed in connection with nearly or quite all the other missionary societies in this country. The primary object has been to enlist the sympathy and efforts of the Christian women of our churches in behalf of women in the mission fields, so as to secure the greatest unity and harmony of operations, and the wisest direction and economy of means io connection with, and as a part of the general work of the Board. The success of the enterprise in calling out Christian activity and devotion ; in promoting Christian fellowship and sympathy in the holiest of causes; in sending out a goodly company of cultured, self-sacrificing, devoted women, and sustaining them by the contributions and still more by the faith and prayers of women at home, marks an era in the history of missions. The Gospel is now to be carried to the homes of the people, and when they are won, the work is done.

Closely connected with the ultimate success of the Gospel in our mis­ sions must be mentioned the great progress made during the last ten years by the native Christians, in assuming the support of their own edu­ cational and religious institutions, and in efforts to make the truth known to others. To such an extent was this carried in the Hawaiian Islands, that the Board was at length wholly relieved from expenses there for the support of the native churches and schools, beyond small grants in aid of some of the higher seminaries. Besides their home expenses, amount­ ing to over $200,000 in gold, thè Hawaiian churches have contributed to Foreign Missions over $50,000 during the ten years past, besides send­ ing out, from first to last, over forty of their sons and daughters to Micro­ nesia. The native churches in Micronesia have received no pecuniary aid from the Board in the support of their institutions, and they are al­ ready raising up missionaries to go out to islands still farther to the westward, till Mr. Sturges writes of “ the great-grand-child ” of the Amer­ ican Board. ' TEN YEARS’ REVIEW. XXXI

The mission churches in Asia, gathered in large measure among the poorer and humbler classes, sometimes suffering under the most intolerable despotism, and well-nigh hopeless in their ignorance and misery, were slow to realize their personal ability and responsibility for the work of Christ. Ten years since, their contributions to Christian objects amounted to hardly more than $10,000; the past year they cannot have been less than $45,000. In the Central Turkey Mission alone they amounted to over $10,000. In the Madura Mission, where ten years ago almost nothin or was done by the people, the fourteen pastors are now supported from a common sus- ti'ntation fund, to which all the churches contribute. In the Maliratta Mission the native Christians are believed to be fully up to the standard of New England Congregationalists. Partly as the fruit and partly as the cause of this progress, should be noticed the higher tone of piety, the greater spirituality of the native converts. Readers of the “ Mis­ sionary Herald,” and “ Life and Light,” will only need to be reminded of illustrations given in the pages of those periodicals. Interesting examples of church discipline kindly and faithfully administered ; differences recon­ ciled in the spirit of Christ; and the exhibition of the ripe fruit of Chris­ tian character, winning the love, and sympathy, and hearty friendship of missionaries, to say nothing of a loyalty to the Lord Jesus that falters at no danger or sacrifice, — these are so many evidences of living Christian men and women, the channels through which, in yet more ample measure, divine grace is to flow and overflow, to the salvation of. their countrymen. In view of the facts now stated, it is obvious that the decade has been an important one in the history of the Board. The withdrawal of a por­ tion of its constituency, and the consequent changes in the Corporation, in the Prudential Committee, and the missionary body; the establishment of new missions in Japan and in papal lands; and the organization of Woman’s Boards, are marked events. The results achieved; the additions to the churches; the better educated and more efficient native agency; the larger attendance on the schools and the higher standard of education; a better adapted and more ample Christian literature; a deeper sense of personal responsibility on the part of the native Christians for the evan­ gelization of their countrymen; the higher tone of piety shown in many of the converts, by a beauty and simplicity of Christian character in striking contrast with the moral degradation about them; the demonstrations thus given, by the faith and Christian life of believers in every land, that Chris­ tianity knows no particular race or clime, but is a world religion; the increasing momentum of the missionary enterprise, in which we share with other societies, in view of the great social and moral changes in prog­ ress wherever the gospel is proclaimed; and the brilliant results achieved, compelling the attention and respect of all thoughtful observers of the course of human affairs, are all adding to the moral power with which the Board is prepared to enter upon a new decade ofservice for Christ. With the vantage ground we now occupy, won on many a hard fought field, by the lives of our best and bravest; with the vast preparation now made in every department for more rapid and wide spread conquest; with XXX11 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD.

an enemy already beginning to anticipate final overthrow; with all the manifest tokens of the Divine favor in the past, and still crowning our work with success strangely disproportionate to our efforts and faith, — have we reached the limit of our endeavors ? Are we to make no fur­ ther advance, but draw in our present lines ? Is this the reply that we are to receive in this metropolitan city of Chicago, whose spirit no fires can break down, no financial embarrassments dishearten ? Is this the reply of the rising Congregational churches of the northwest, on whom is devolving more and more the great duty and the greater privilege of a world’s evan­ gelization ? Do the Christian men and women of our churches so interpret the will of our great Leader ? A comparison with nine of the leading Missionary Societies of this country and Great Britain furnishes no occasion to distrust the wisdom of the methods pursued by the Board, or to be discouraged at the results of its labor; while the steady advance of all illustrates the essential unity of the sacramental host, and is a pledge of its ultimate triumph. One of the most hopeful signs for the future is the great change now going on in English opinion in regard to the value of foreign missions, — occasioned, doubtless, by what has transpired in Madagascar, and espe­ cially by the testimony of the Governor General and other high officials of India, as to the place which the missionary holds in the vast social and moral changes and in the marvelous development of trade and commerce now going on in that country. Larger contributions are already flowing in to mission treasuries in Great Britain, in singular contrast with the financial condition o f Missionary Boards in this country. A lady supplies a steam yacht for the South Seas. A gentleman, as a memorial of a deceased son, places at the disposal of a Missionary Society $100,000 for the education of a native ministry. Another society has doubled its receipts the past year. It is to be hoped that this change in popular sentiment will not be restricted to Great Britain; that our churches will awake to the great op­ portunity. Our Madagascar may be nearer, in India, or Japan, or Aus­ tria, than we have faith to believe. Coming events already cast their shadows before. Many of our brethren and sisters abroad are asking and expecting great things. Shall we strengthen their hands and cheer their hearts to a more vigorous prosecution and enlargement of the work, by our contributions, and by the prayer of faith that shall prepare them and us for the quickening energies of the Holy Ghost, — for the coming of the Lord and the triumph of his kingdom ?

This paper, after a prayer of thanksgiving in view of the facts pre­ sented, in which President Hopkins led, was referred to a Special Com­ mittee, consisting of Dr. T. M. Post, Rev. C. H. Richards, Dr. Edward Strong, Roland Mather, Esq., and Rev. L. T. Chamberlain; this commit­ tee to report at the opening of the Wednesday evening session, when the Bubject would be considered. • COMMITTEES. xm u

COMMITTEES APPOINTED. Dr. J. W . Strong, in behalf of the Nominating Committee, reported, recommending the appointment of the following committees, and they were appointed: —

On the Home Department. George B. Bacon, D. D., Dea. John Field, Alvin B. Robbins, D. D., J. W . Seovill, Esq., I. D. Robertson, Dea. Pe­ ter Smith, and Rev. George Huntington. On the Treasurer's Report. John B. Eldridge, Esq., Prof. William Coffin, Roland Mather, Esq., Hon. J. G. Foote, Dea. Philo Carpenter, B. C. Hardwick, Esq., and J. M. Haven, Esq. On the Zulu Mission. J. H. Fairchild, D. D., William W . Patton, D.D ., Philo R. Hurd, D. D., Rev. William Walker, A. B. Davenport, Esq., Rev. C. W . Camp, and J. Goldsbury, Esq. On the European Turkey Mission. Rev. H. C. Haskell, Rev. J. E. Twitehell, Rev. William A. Robinson, Prof. C. W . Clapp, Rev. E. B. Tur­ ner, Rev. W . L. Nichols, and Rev. M. S. Croswell. On the Western Turkey Mission. F. W. Fisk, D. D., Rev. S. M. Freeland, Rev. E. G. Porter, Rev. L. H. Cobb, Rev. Addison Blanchard, Rev. N. F. Cobleigh, and Hon. S. H. Potter. On the Central and Eastern Turkey Missions. Rev. E. N. Packard, Rev. Edward M. Williams, Hon. Philo Parsons, Sewall Tenney, D. D., Rev. W ­ A. Robinson, Rev. F. B. Doe, and M. H. Cowles, Esq.' On the Mahratta Mission. D. B. Coe, D. D., Prof. William Porter, Rev. H. L. Hubbell, Prof. Benjamin Talbot, Rev. H. L. Hammond, Rev. M. W. Fairfield, and Rev. Quincey Blakeslee. On the Madura and Ceylon Missions. T. H. Hawks, D. D., Nahum Gale, D. D., Rev. Charles Little, Rev. Evarts Kent, K. A. Burnell, Rev. Samuel Johnson, and Rev. Hiram Foote. On the Foochow and North China Missions. S. W ells Williams, L L . D ., Hon. Peter Parker, Rev. Jeremiah Porter, Rev. Eben Hailey, John W . Stanley, Rev. H. S. De Forest, and A. L. Chapin, D.D. On the Japan Mission. L. Clark Seelye, D. D., Rev. Frank P. Wood­ bury, John O. Fiske, D. D., Rev. James G. Merrill, Rev. Burke F. Leavitt, Prof. George L. Weed, and Rev. G. H. White. On the Micronesia Mission. Rev. J. S. Hoyt, Rev. E. J. Montague, Aldace Walker, D. D., Prof. H. K. Edson, S. B. Stimson, Esq., J. P. Fos­ ter, Esq., and Rev. Simeon Gilbert. On the Mission to the Austrian Empire. Rev. H. J. Patrick, J. S. Hyde, D. D., Rev. Henry Fairbanks, Rev. C. S. Nichols, J. E. Roy, D. D., Rev. C. E. Dickinson, and Rev. N. C. Chapin. On the Missions to M exico and Spain. Rev. C. H. Richards, H . C. Haydn, D. D., Rev. Joseph Ward, Rev. E. F. Williams, Hon. S. R. Withey, Rev. C. V. Spear, and Rev. C. E. Fisher. On the North American Indians. S. C. Bartlett, D. D., Samuel Wol­ cott, D. D., Hon. A. C. Barstow, Rev. E. Whittlesey, Rev. E. G. Cobb, Rev. Henry A. Stimson, and Rev. A. S. Kedzie. • xxxiv ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD.

On Place and Preacher. Calvin Day, Esq., Daniel T. Fiske, D. D., N. Carruth, Esq., Rev. J. H. Coulter, Rev. Moses Smith, Rev. George E. Street, and William J. Breed, Esq. On Officers. A. E. P. Perkins, D. D., George N. Boardman, D. D., Constantine Blodgett, D. D., Rev. J. M. Chamberlain, Jacob M. Schermer- horn, Esq., H. E. Baker, Esq., and Rev. F. D. Avery.

WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON. DISCUSSIONS. The session of Wednesday afternoon was opened at half-past two, with singing, and prayer by Rev. E. J. Montague. The paper on the financial problem connected with the new work was taken from the table, and, after remarks by Rev. I. R. Worcester, Hon. Peter Parker, Secretary Treat, Dr. A. L. Chapin, Dr. Hamlin, Rev. W . L. Bray, Rev. H. A. Stim­ son, Dr. Magoun, Dr. Bartlett, Dr. Bush, and Mr. S. Richardson, was re­ ferred to the Committee on the Home Department. The paper on the Organization of the Board was then taken up. Re­ marks were made by Secretary Treat, Drs. W . W. Patton, Samuel Wol­ cott, J. M. Sturtevant, George B. Bacon, George F. Magoun and H. M. Dexter, and Rev. H. S. Hubbell. The paper was the* referred to a Special Committee, consisting of Dr. Dexter, Rowland Hazard, Esq., Dr. Chickering, Rev. W. DeL. Love, Rev. E. Y. Garrette, Rev. J. B. Fair­ bank, and Rev. L. T. Chamberlain.

WEDNESDAY EVENING. DR. CLARK’S PAPER.

At the opening of the evening session, after singing, Dr. J. W. Chick­ ering led in prayer. Dr. Post, in behalf of the special committee on Dr. Clark’s paper, reviewing the work of the Board for the last ten years, pre­ sented a report, with resolutions. Remarks were made by Dr. Post, Dr. Edward Strong, S. Wells Williams, LL. D., Dr. Arthur Mitchell, and Rev. L. T. Chamberlain. The report of the committee was accepted, and the resolutions were adopted, as follows: — 1. That in view of the exhibit presented of the progress and results of the missions of the American Board for the last decade, we would first of all render humble and hearty thanks to our God, who has shown forth his mercy in granting to the labors in his cause so large a measure of success. 2. That, in view of this success, we should be most insensible to his tokens, and most ungrateful for his benefits, if we did not recognize his encouragement and command to go forward. S. That in order to do so, and to sustain, and properly develop and ex­ tend the work thus committed to us, there is needed in the churches a pro­ founder consciousness of the import of the gospel, God’s glad tidings to a fallen world — a consciousness more in sympathy with God’s estimate. 4. That there is also wanted a deeper sense of the need of the gospel for all, and of our duty to diffuse it, evident from its very nature, and its re­ lations to temporal and spiritual salvation, as well as from Christ’s ex­ press command. 5. That there is needed, also, a deeper and truer sense of the import of Christian coaversion and discipleship; and the idea that conversion means REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. XXXV entire consecration, should, more extensively than it is, be incorporated with the very act of conversion. 6. That there is requisite, also, a more perfect system in our religious contributions, both as regards amounts and methods, the objects of con­ tributions, and the universality o f gifts. Announcements of future meetings were made, and the Board adjourned to half-past nine Thursday morning.

THURSDAY MORNING. On Thursday morning, after singing, Dr. Sturtevant led in prayer. The committees to whom different portions of the annual report had been re­ ferred presented their reports, mostly during this morning session, — a few in the afternoon, — recommending, severally, that the portions which had been referred to them be accepted and published. Portions of these re­ ports will be given here.

HOME DEPARTMENT. Dr. George B. Bacon, for the Committee on the Home Department re­ ported : — W e recognize, with humble gratitude to God, the wisdom, the economy, and the efficiency by which the management of the Board has been characterized dur­ ing a year of unusual difficulty and discouragement. Although the debt of the Board has been increased, yet the grave apprehensions which at one time existed have not been realized, and there is more cause for congratulation than for regret in the present financial outlook. Such an experience of difficulty only discloses more strikingly the strong hold which the Board, as at present constituted, has upon the confidence and cooperation of Christian people. It suggests the be­ lief, that when more prosperous days shall come, there will come also an en­ larged liberality, giving increased resources ; and the committee invite from the churches, and from Christian people everywhere, a renewed and hearty consecra­ tion to the great work to which the Board is devoted, and to Him whose work it is. The committee notice with regret the fact that there is, for the moment, a lack o f candidates desiring to enter the service of the Board as ordained mis­ sionaries ; but they cannot believe that this want will long be felt. Perhaps, even now, while the hearts of Christian people are expectant of unusual tokens of the Divine presence, there are those who hear the call to service, and who are ready to respond. Let there come upon the churches, and upon the colleges and theological seminaries, a reawakening of Christian zeal and consecration, such as the hearts o f men, with one accord, are praying for and waiting for, and the Board will find no lack of candidates for its service. And in the somewhat more remote future, when the effect of the increased interest of Christian moth­ ers in the missionary work begins to make itself apparent in the increased in­ terest o f their children, educated and nurtured in a missionary atmosphere, we shall surely find one and another coming forward, whose consecration to this work can be traced back to early childhood or to infancy. A slight increase of vigilance on the part of the pastors might also result in the discovery of young men who are only waiting for some timely word of counsel and encouragement. The committee notice, with special satisfaction, that there has been no increase of the agencies for securing the cooperation of the churches. They believe that the Board is wise in throwing upon the pastors and the churches the responsi­ bility of collecting their contributions, with such occasional assistance as may XXXVI ANNUAL MEETING 03? THE BOARD.

be furnished by the district secretaries, and by such returned missionaries as may be available for the purpose. But the committee hope that the pastors and churches will accept this responsibility so fully and heartily, and use so conscien­ tiously all means at their command (as, for example, the monthly concert and the distribution o f missionary literature), that the coming year shall show increased resources. No humblest or feeblest church, whether among the eastern hills or on the remotest western frontier, can afford to keep back its offering, however small, or to withhold its cooperation, however insignificant, from this great work. And it ought never to be forgotten that the surest and largest reliance, in the prosecution of the work, must be upon the smaller gifts o f the many rather than on the larger munificence of the few.

“ THE FINANCIAL PROBLEM.”

The paper on “ The Financial Problem connected with the new work,” having been referred, also, to this Committee, they reported on that subject as follow s: — It appears that the embarrassments which the Board has met with in the prosecution of what is called its new work, are of a sort not altogether unfore­ seen. The attempt to discriminate between the old work and the new, by a sep­ arate account of receipts and expenditures, and by the arrangement for a double contribution from the churches, has its chief value and significance, at present, as indicating that from the first there was anticipated a possible inconvenience from which the Board might presently suffer. To that matter, however, the com­ mittee have no need to refer further; the fact being that embarrassments have occurred, as the result of which the indebtedness of the Board on behalf o f the new work, as it is called, has been steadily and disproportionately increasing; and the question which now arises is one which has to do with the future and not with the past. The committee are fully persuaded that the churches are not ready, either for the discontinuance or large curtailment of the work in Roman Catholic coun­ tries, nor for its transfer to any other society, now in existence, or hereafter to be formed. They are persuaded, on the contrary, that the advantages which will result from an identification of this work with the general work of the Board will be instantly recognized and approved by those who contribute to its funds. The infelicity of the special and distinctive references to Roman Catholic coun­ tries, and o f the continual comparison between the unevangelized in those coun­ tries and in others, will be no longer necessary; but the field, which is the world, will be recognized as one, requiring all the more, because of its immensity and unity, a large and resolute self-sacrifice and endeavor. This committee believe that no time should be lost in adjusting the relations of the old work and the new, in accordance with what is judged to be the prevalent desire of the churches, as manifested in various ways. The committee would simply refer, in this con­ nection, to a memorial forwarded to this Board by the General Association of New Hampshire, asking for these very changes, — a memorial which is believed to represent the general feeling of the contributors to the Board’s treasury. Nor have the committee hesitated for a moment in coming to this conclusion, because of the fact that so large a portion of the existing debt has been incurred in behalf of the new work, as distinguished from the old. It would be manifestly desirable, if it were possible, to wipe out at once the arrears in both accounts, and to start the new management with clean papers all around. But the committee are not able to devise or to suggest any short and easy way for doing this. Nor, REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. X X X Y ll

on the other hand, can they see anything to be gained, but rather much to be lost, by a delay. The only straightforward and right way seems to be to accept the situation, with all its embarrassments, — to begin the new year, if we must, with one forty-four thousand dollars burden upon us, and without looking back­ ward to see how we came by it, to appeal to the churches for increased liberality for the year to come. It will require hard work, and plenty of it ; but it is be­ lieved that the churches can lift the added burden, and that they ought to ; and that they will be stimulated to do it by the expectation that henceforward the missions of the Board, under one management, on one basis, with one treasury, are to be enlarged or to be curtailed together. This committee, therefore, offer the following resolution, and move that it be adopted : — Resolved, Tliat in the judgment of this Board the work in Roman Catholic countries, referred to as 11 the new work ” of the Board, should be identified in management aa closely as possible, and as soon as possible, with the work of the Board in other coun­ tries ; that both should be supported from a common treasury, and should share in a common prosperity or adversity; and that the churches be reminded of the in­ creased obligation resting upon them, and of the additional effort demanded from them by this new adjustment, and the various parts of the one great work. This report was accepted, and the resolution was adopted by the Board.

t r e a s u r e r ’ s a c c o u n t s . John B. Eldridge, Esq., reported for the Committee on the Treasurer’s Accounts : — The committee have carefully examined the books and documents presented to them by the Treasurer of the Board, and have made inquiry into the general receipts and disbursements of his office, and the various items in the same. They have also examined the list of stocks, bonds, and other property, owned by the Board, and in the custody of the Treasurer. As the result of this examination and inquiry, they find that his books and ac­ counts correctly represent the expenses of the various missions, and the disburse­ ments for the different home and foreign interests under his charge, and that all his payments have been properly audited. And they find that the total indebted­ ness o f the Board, on the 1st day of September, 1875, was $44,323.90. They also find that the Board has permanent funds, consisting of real estate and personal property, arising from the gifts of benevolent individuals during the past sixty years, the income of which can alone be used in their general work. These funds amount, according to the valuation on the books of the treasurer, to $120,726.96, — though it is believed that their market value is considerably in ex­ cess of this sum. The income from these funds, the past year, was $7,257.37, which was expended in the general work of the Board. They further find that the treasurer holds stocks and bonds amounting, at their par value, to $59,108.00, which are held as a permanent fund for the spécifié pur­ pose of paying in part the salaries of the officers of the Board. The income from this fund the past year, was 85,559.44, which was properly applied. The committee believe that the investment of both these permanent funds, a list of which was furnished them, has been judiciously and safely made, and that they would now command in market a large excess over their estimated and cost value. Your committee would say in conclusion that, in their opinion, the mem bers and friends of the Board may continue, as heretofore, to send their offerings to the treasury o f the American Board with entire confidence that all their gifts will be safely cared for, and expended only under the wise oversight of the Pru­ dential Committee. xxxvm ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD.

THE MISSIONS. The Committee on the Zulu mission say in their report: — Christian civilization is taking root among the people, as is shown in the growth of the churches and schools, and in the increasing number of native pas­ tors and teachers well fitted for their work. There is abundant occasion for thankfulness for the present, and hope for the future.

Respecting the mission in European Turkey, it was reported : ■— Tour committee find cause for gratitude to God in the substantial marks of progress in this young mission. These are found in the increased numbers interested in and attending upon Sabbath services. Two new churches have also been formed, one in Merichlcri, of nineteen members, who pay one half the support of their pastor from the out­ set; and one in Yamboul, of thirteen members, who, adopting the system of tithes, entirely support their pastor. The Bulgarian converts have taken more earnest hold of work for the salvation of others than ever before; and doubtless much of the progress is due to the addition of six new preachers, who graduated a year ago, to the working force of the mission.

The Committee on the Western Turkey Mission, say: — Your committee note with much pleasure the continued prosperity of our mission in Western Turkey. It has with marked wisdom and energy pushed for­ ward its whole line of operations, and the native pastors and churches are coming into heartier sympathy and cooperation with our missionaries. Although the sore famine, which has prevailed throughout the eastern stations of the mission, appeared for the time greatly to obstruct its work, yet the oppor­ tunity it gave for the exhibition of self-denying labors on the part of our mis­ sionaries, and of generous benefactions from Christians in Great Britain and America, has doubtless made a lasting impression for good on that whole popu­ lation. Your committee regard with special interest the theological seminary at Mar- sovan, and the great work it is doing for the mission. The experiment of edu­ cating together, for the ministry, Greek and Armenian students is pronounced a success, and the seminary, already having thirty students, bids fair to become, at no distant day, a great power in the evangelization o f Turkey. With hardly less interest do we view the work which is being done in the nu­ merous girls’ schools scattered throughout the mission, and especially in the “ Home ” at Constantinople; and we look for most gratifying results from the faithful instructions of the ladies connected with the mission. Your committee regard the publishing department of the mission as having been conducted with marked prudence and success, and look upon it as a most efficient helper in the great work. On the whole we may say that we know of no mission connected with the Board where more wise and faithful work has been done, and we record, with devout gratitude to God, his favor bestowed on the mission. But we must add, that we are pained that the urgent call of the brethren of the mission for at least three men, to meet pressing needs at stations already occupied, finds as yet no response. They write, “ Could your young ministers know not only the pressing wants of our work, but the abounding joy which attends every endeavor to meet them, they would welcome the opening to them of so great an opportunity.” Where are the young men who will enter into this good work, and so into this great joy t REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. xxxix

In regard to the Central and Eastern Turkey Missions, it was said: — In the Central Mission the year has been one of peculiar trial to the little band of laborers, by reason of the necessary return to this country of some o f their most valued laborers, the death of two of the children of mission families, and of the beloved Mrs. Harden, o f Aintab. The diminishing of the effective force of the mission has left a burden of work and responsibility upon the remaining missionaries, under which it would seem that they must soon sink unless rein­ forcements are speedily sent to their relief. Still, in the accessions to the churches, in the healing of divisions at some of the outstations, and in the work of the schools and seminaries, the year has been one of marked success. The female seminaries at Marash and Aintab have en­ joyed a year of quiet but real prosperity. The theological school at Marash has done an excellent work, and the assured success of the College at Aintab is a causc of thanksgiving. The faithful and efficient laborers in the Eastern Turkey Mission report a year of mingled light and darkness. W e look with special interest upon the work­ ings, from year to year, of the well-known and approved policy of this mission, to throw the labor of evangelization upon the native churches as rapidly as pos­ sible. In both these missions the people have felt the disastrous effects of the great famine, while the missionaries have been depressed by the cry of debt and re­ trenchment coming to them from across the waters. Your committee would emphasize two points: 1st. Commending earnestly the interests of Central Turkey College to the liberality of our churches, and es­ pecially to that of men o f wealth. 2d. Urging the sending out of reinforcements to these fields.

The committee on the Mahratta Mission state : — The facts laid before your committee show that the work of the mission has been prosecuted with great efficiency and with encouraging success. The num­ ber of additions to the churches has indeed been less than in some previous years, but the schools have been maintained in a higher state of efficiency, and have been attended with better results than heretofore, while the efforts of the fe­ male missionaries, especially those of the female physician, have been attended with most gratifying success. Many to whom access could have been gained in no other way have thus beeu reached, and pointed to the Great Physician. This mission is still hindered in its work by the intrusion of the apostles of ritualism. In violation of those principles of comity which govern the mission­ aries of nearly all evangelical denominations, they continue to prosecute and ex­ tend their divisive schemes, enticing the members of the mission churches from the care of their own shepherds, and corrupting them from the simplicity that is in Christ. Your committee heartily second the appeal made by the mission for a large reinforcement.

The Committee on the Madura and Ceylon Missions say, among other things, noting somewhat fully encouraging statistics, and indications of progress, mentioned in the report: — The committee find that there has been in this field, during the last year, in the various departments of mission work, a healthful progress, calling for thanks­ giving and praise. The missionaries are encouraged by the results already se­ cured, and look for greater in the fature. The tone of their communications is xl ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD. that of men confident that they are working in a cause which is destined to triumph. The force which is slowly lifting up India from the degradation of heathenism into a position among the enlightened nations, and o f which Chris­ tian missions are confessedly a most important factor, is felt by them, and is man­ ifested in great and palpable changes. In their own immediate fields of labor, the indications of progress are such as should animate the churches at home to pray and give, expecting to hear good tidings. . Tour committee notice the death of Mrs. Spaulding, in Ceylon, on the 28th of October, 1874, aged seventy-nine years and four months. She was the last survivor of the company of eight who sailed for Ceylon, June 8, 1819, and con­ sequently had been connected with the mission fifty-five years. It is a cause of thankfulness that she was permitted to labor so long, and that her example re­ mains to incite all to persistency in the work of Christ, in whatever field that work may be assigned to them. W ho can imagine the greatness of her reward^ and the joy with which she will welcome the redeemed sons and daughters of Ceylon to their everlasting home! Respecting the missions in China, it was reported : — The committee desire to express their gratitude to God for the progress made in the various departments of the work, and the health which has been granted to the members o f the missions. Especially would they call attention to the ben­ eficial results which have accompanied the medical labors of the two physicians, whether exercised in the dispensary or on preaching tours. W e regard this last branch o f work as among the most important, — as one which carries the gospel message to the people in their own homes and hamlets; and we are glad to see that it occupies so prominent a place in the labors of our brethren. The publication of the entire Scriptures in the Mandarin colloquial is a step in advance, and the increased circulation of tracts, newspapers, and magazines in­ dicates the coming power of the press among the Chinese. We earnestly commend these missions to the prayers and alms of the churches. The progress made may be regarded by some as small, but it is an earnest o f the fulfillment of the special prophecy relating to this great empire, and we are called upon to exclaim again, in accents of praise to God, “ Lo, these from the land of Sinim.” The report respecting the Japan Mission was verbal, and did not reach the Recording Secretary in a written form. In regard to Micronesia, it was said : — The committee notice with great pleasure that the gospel has had, and still has the effect in these islands of converting heathen, at the same time transforming them into missionaries to others. It affords cause for rejoicing to notice the gen­ esis and growth of a Christian civilization ; the reduction to writing of four dia­ lects and the translation of the whole or parts of the New Testament into them ; the creation of schools and the preparation of school books; the compilation of half a thousand Christian songs; the training of a generation to read and write; the conversion to Christ, during the past twenty-two years, of about 1,200 souls (a yearly average of fifty-five); and the organization of twenty churches. But that which, in their peculiar circumstances, remarkably characterizes the work there, and brings the people into line with the sacramental host everywhere, is the missionary spirit and labors so early exhibited by these converted nations. While the Lord seems to move so few young men and women among us to go, and so few men of means to give of their abundance for the extension of the gospel, he moves these simple-minded believers in Jesus to go and give and labor REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. xli for the propagation of the gospel in “ the regions beyond.” Forward from one group of islands to another they go, carrying the same glad tidings that have blessed them; and the same Holy Spirit accompanies them. In the raising up and sending forth of native laborers in Micronesia; in the building o f churches and parsonages; in the support of home missionaries, and the going out as foreign missionaries into other islands; in generous contributions of the people for the' support of education and religion, and in their successful efforts to suppress intemperance, by making it a crime to drink intoxicating liquors; — in all these facts, and such as these, we have a cloud of witnesses to the wisdom and efficiency with which this Board, by its missionaries, is prose­ cuting its work in the islands of the sea. The Committee on the Missions in Mexico and Spain, notice some of the difficulties which have been, and which it was to be expected would be encountered in these fields, but say: — Notwithstanding all this, we are happy to note cheering evidence that the Lord favors the efforts of our missionaries. In Spain, at the one station, Santander, the Sabbath audiences and Sabbath-school have slightly increased, in spite of the difficulty of securing a stated place of worship. A most cheering incident in the work of this mission was the coming of a little band of Asturian basket- makers to hear the Word of God. As a result, out of their poverty they bought Bibles and books, took them back with them to their mountain home, and held meetings for prayer and Scripture-reading, till the neighbors call Alevia a Prot­ estant village. The brutal outrage which swelled the martyr-roll of the Church of God, fixed the eyes of the world upon the mission in Western Mexico ; and, being con­ fessedly of priestly instigation, was a revelation that the Papal Church of to-day is the Papal Church of past ages over again ; and true to her ancient traditions of intolerance, even to death. But it speaks volumes for the vitality of the hold the Gospel has upon this peo­ ple, that in the face of such terrible odds, at the peril of life and the sacrifice of worldly prospects, they hold together and grow under the very trail of papal fa­ naticism. Fifty-six were added to the church of Guadalajara in December, and in July, twenty more, — seventy-six in all; and many of them from the very town where Stephens was murdered. The Word of Life reaches the prison and the hospital. A missionary spirit is developed, and disciples go everywhere, preach­ ing the Word, — in some instances with remarkable self denial. At the North Mexican Mission, Monterey is the centre. Owing to the de­ pletion of the missionary force, the situation is but slightly changed, in this in­ teresting field, from that o f last year. Forty-three have been added to the ten little churches, and the seven schools have instructed 107 pupils. Native helpers are relied upon chiefly to carry on the work at the five out-stations. From all the facts reported, it appears that there is among the people a state of preparation for the Gospel which manifests itself in a thirst for the Word of God, a distrust of their old leaders, a waking up to a sense o f the burdens they have long borne, and a hearty welcome of evangelical instruction. Some of these people commit to memory whole chapters of the Bible, and even entire epistles. There is needed but the guarantee of protection to free thought and religious liberty, to bring multitudes to the embrace of a pure faith. It is further evident, on the face of these reports, that, as of old, so now, perse­ cution in the end defeats itself, and the blood of the martyrs is the seed o f the Church. xlii ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOAED.

Respecting the mission to the Austrian Empire it was said : — The committee are impressed with the hopeful spirit of the missionaries amid peculiar trials and great obstacles. Signs of progress visible to them may not be appreciated by us. They express the most decided conviction that the pur­ poses of God are manifest in their work. A hopeful beginning has been made in the instruction of children, and in the Sabbath and week-day assemblies. It is a happy coincidence, that during this meeting a telegram is read from the Hon. H. P. Haven, now traveling in Austria, in these words, “ Have visited the Schauffiers. Favorably impressed with the work doing there.” The character of our missionaries in this field inspires us with confidence, that in the delicacy of their task, and amid continued opposition, they will move on with a judgment and persistence which will at length gain them a firm foothold. The soil is hard ; but political agitation has cast it up so that the seed of truth now sown will take root. Longings for civil and religious liberty among the masses, with occasional betrayment o f the same in the higher classes, indicate the timeliness of this work. ■ The trials of our brethren there would seem to claim from us a special remem­ brance in our prayers, and a more ready support in our faith and charity. The field is of unusual interest in its history and character. No nation con­ tains in itself brighter prophecies and greater possibilities. With a sense of pro­ priety it may be called the birthplace of the Reformation. The spirit of John Huss still lingers there. A people who could so successfully resist the papacy must have transmitted something of the same fortitude to their children.

NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS. The Committee on the missions to the North American Indians,— mainly among the Dakotas, — reported : — The committee specially commend this missionary field to the deeper interest of the churches. It well illustrates the two aspects which Indian missions have presented from the beginning of their history, — the singular and hopeful docility of the native tribes, and the steady and almost fatal obstacles from without, or in plain words, from white men, — which have always interfered when the fields are white for the harvest. The once large and promising operations of this Board among these tribes are now shrunken, since the withdrawal of our Presbyterian brethren, to the smallest dimensions, — one ordained missionary in charge o f rfive Choctaw Churches, numbering 123 members, and three ordained missionaries in charge o f seven Dakota Churches, comprising 585 members. These brethren are aided by other helpers, among whom are eight native pastors. There have been the usual hindrances— the unchristian bearing of resident white men, including one government inspector, the unfortunate and injurious action of a Christian sect, and the still unsettled condition and prospects of the Indian tribes. The outward success of the mission for the last year has been less than in some previous years ; but these transient variations should have slight influence on the question of our duty to the tribes. Besides considering the annual report, the committee have availed themselves o f information, both oral and written, given them in personal conference by the three missionaries to the Dakotas. It is the earnest request of these faithful laborers, that their operations be speedily and effectually enlarged. They desire that a more adequate sum should be appropriated to the Indian department, and especially they ask for a Field Secretary or Superintendent, who 6hall work it up REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. xliii in various inodes, — by communicating with the government and its agents, by presenting the cause to the churches, exciting interest, and securing the needed money, and by such pioneering and organizing labors as might be done by a missionary at large. They urge, in addition to the general and special duty we owe to this much abused and neglected people, several pressing considerations, indicating the pres­ ent as a critical time. Foremost of these is the evident friendliness and honest policy of the President o f the United States, constituting a memorable epoch in the history of the government. Secondly — The expectant condition of the Indians themselves, and their growing readiness to adopt the methods of civil­ ized life. Under the legislation of the last Congress, extending homestead rights to the Indians, during the last summer 160 families of Ojibwas, in Wisconsin, near Lake Superior, have been settled on farms surveyed and located. On the Sissiton Reservation, in Dakota, 264 farms have been surveyed and allotted, and have become the property of individual Indians. Nearly four fifths of all the band of Sioux at that agency are thus settled in possession of their own homes. Thirdly — Our easy access to a body of at least 50,000 Dakotas, and to some 17,000 Ojibwas, not now effectively cared for, and to a very interesting and in­ fluential body of mixed Indians at Fort Berthold. Fourthly — The past success of this Board with the native tribes, as indicating its evident fitness to continue at the head of the Indian missionary work. And, fifthly, our brethren believe that the increased impulse thus given to the mission would itself more than bring the additional funds needed. And they are not without the hope, that in due time this movement might prove the great central agency for Christianizing and civilizing the whole 300,000 Indians within our territory. They urge that now is the time to do this thing. The committee feel the force of many of these considerations. They feel the solemn obligation to remedy the wrongs and relieve the long oppression and degradation of the Red Man. They rejoice in the zeal and large-heartedness of these missionaries. They fully sympathize with their wishes. And were not the calls from other fields equally hopeful and urgent, and were not the finan­ cial condition of the Board what it is, they would find it in their hearts to favor the doubling or trebling of the resources of this mission. In view of all the circumstances of the case, the committee would recommend (1) the occupation of Fort Berthold as a missionary station ; (2) the employment, experimentally, for one year, of a Field Secretary and a Superintendent in con­ nection with the Indian mission ; and (.3) as large increase of expenditure upon the mission as the Prudential Committee may feel warranted in making.

The reading of this report was followed with remarks and statements of much interest by Dr. Bartlett, chairman of the committee; and Dr. Wal­ cott moved the adoption of the recommendations, and the reference of them to the Prudential Committee, to be carried into effect if, in their judgment, the financial condition of the Board will justify it. After remarks by Sec­ retaries Treat and Clark, and others, the subject was laid upon the table to be taken up again in the evening. In the evening further remarks were made by Rev. S. R. Riggs, of the Dakota mission, Dr. Walcott, Secretary Treat, Dr. Magoun, and Dr. Goodwin. On motion of Dr. Walcott his mo­ tion, made in the afternoon, was modified so as to read, “ That this report be accepted, and its suggestions commended to the earnest consideration of the Prudential Committee; ” and in this form the motion passed. xliv ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD.

THURSDAY AFTERNOON— -THE LORD'S SUPPER. The sacrament of the Lord’s Supper was administered at the First Con­ gregational Church, Dr. Post and Rev. E. T. Doane, from Micronesia, pre­ siding ; at the New England Church, Rev. S. H. Calhoun, from Syria, and Dr. J. W . Strong, presiding; and at the Plymouth Church, Dr. D. T. Fiske, and Dr. Lindley, of the Zulu mission, presiding.

PLACE AND PREACHER. The Board met for business after the communion service, when the Committee on Place and Preacher for next year reported, recommending that Hartford, Conn., be the place, Dr. W . M. Taylor, of New York, the preacher, and Dr. J. H. Fairchild, of Ohio, his alternate; and also that Dr. Wm. Thompson, H. C. Robinson, T. W . Russell, M. L. Bemis, G. M. "Welch, G. L. Chase, D. W . Camp, R. S. Burt, and Isaac Cross be the Committee of Arrangements, with leave to add to their number. The re­ port was adopted.

RESIGNATION NEW MEMBERS. The Committee on New Members reported that Dr. J. B. Condit had tendered his resignation as a corporate member of the Board. The resig­ nation was accepted. The committee recommended the following persons for election as corporate members, and they were elected by ballot: Prof. Egbert C. Smyth, Rev. John W . Harding, Rev. George N. Anthony, Arthur W . Tufts, Esq., Samuel D. Smith, Esq., and A. Lyman Williston, Esq., of Massachusetts ; Rev. Malcolm MeG. Dana, Charles Boswell, Esq., and John T. Rockwell, Esq., of Connecticut; Rev. Thomas Laurie, D. D., of Rhode Island; and Charles H. Bull, Esq., of Illinois.

MR. TREAT’S PAPER. Dr. Dexter, in behalf o f the Committee to whom Mr. Treat’s paper on “ The Organization of the Board ” was referred, submitted a report, rec­ ommending the reference of the paper to a committee, to be composed of one member from each State represented by contributions to the treasury. After some discussion, the recommendation was amended so as to read, “ They recommend the reference of the paper to a committee of seventeen members, representing the constituency of the Board, with instructions to consider the whole matter in the light o f the best wisdom of the constitu­ ency whom they will represent, and report to the Board at its next an­ nual meeting.” The report was accepted, and the recommendation, thus amended, was adopted. Subsequently the following persons were ap­ pointed as that committee of seventeen : Dr. Wm. A. Stearns, of Massa­ chusetts ; Dr. A. D. Smith, of New Hampshire; Dr. Aldace Walker, of Vermont; Rev. Wm. H. Fenn, of Maine; Hon. A. C. Barstow, of Rhode Island; Hon. H. P. Haven, of Connecticut; Wm. H. Thomson, M. D., of New Y ork ; Samuel Holmes, Esq., of New Jersey; Dr. L. Whiting, of Pennsylvania; Rev. S. H. Lee, of Ohio ; Rev. O. S. Dean, of Indiana; Dr. T .M . Post, of Missouri; Hon. Charles Walker, of Michigan ; Rev. L. T. Chamberlain, of Illinois; Dr. A. L. Chapin, of Wisconsin, Dr. A. B. Rob­ bins, of Iow a; and Rev. H. A. Stimson, of Minnesota. OFFICERS — LETTERS OF EXCUSE.

DR. ANDERSON S RESIGNATION — OFFICERS. The Committee to nominate officers reported recommending the follow­ ing resolutions, which were unanimously adopted : —

Whereas, Bev. Rufus Anderson, D. D., declines reelection as a member of the Pru­ dential Committee, — Resolved, 1. That the Board hereby place upon record their high sense of the value of the services of Dr. Anderson, for a period of thirty-four years,1 both as a member of the Prudential Committee, and while attending its meetings, previous to his formal membership of it. The}' believe that the success of their missions has been due, under God, in large measure, to his wise counsels, and would express their gratitude to God that he has enabled his servant to labor so long, so acceptably to the churches represented by this Board, and so usefully to the cause of Christ Resolved, 2. That Dr. Anderson be requested to continue to attend the meetings of the Prudential Committee, and to aid them by his presence and counsel whenever ho is able to do so. The same Committee recommended the following as officers of the Board; and they were chosen by ballot: —

M ark Hopkins, D.D., LL. D., Richard H. Stearns, Esq., President. Prudential Committee. Hon. W illiam E. Dodge, Rev. Selah B. T r e a t , Vice-President. N a t h a n i e l G. C l a r k , D. D., Augustus C. Thompson, D. D., Corresponding Secretaries. Hon. Alpheus Hardy, John O. M e a n s , D.D., Abner Kingman Esq., Recording Secretary. James M. Gordon, Esq., L a n g d o n S. W a r d , Treasurer. Ezra Farnsworth, Esq., H o n . T h o m a s H . R u s s e l l , Edmund K. Alden, D. D., Hon. A very Plumer, J. R ussell Bradford, Esq., Elbridge Torrey, Esq., J o s e p h S. Ropes, Esq., Auditors. Prof. Egbert C. S m y t h ,

l e t t e r s o f e x c u s e . The Recording Secretary announced that letters had been received from the following corporate members of the Board, excusing their absence from the meeting : Hon. Douglass Putnam, Dr. N. Adams, Dr. Josiah G. Davis, J. M. Gordon, Esq., Dr. Gordon Hall, Dr. J. B. Condit, Rev. Geo. B. Safford, D. Willis James, Esq., A . D. Lockwood, Esq., George Merriam, Esq., Phillip L. Moen, Esq., Dr. Alvan Bond, Dr. J. W. Wellman, Rev. A. T. Norton, Dr. Wm. Thompson, Ebenezer Alden, M. D., Dr. H. M. Storrs, O. E. Wood, Esq., Dr. Wm. Patton, James W . Weir, Esq., Rev. E. S. Atwood, George R. Chapman, Esq., Dr. Enoch Pond, Hon. W . W . Thomas, Rev. John E. Todd, Dr. S. G. Buckingham, Dr. W . M. Tay­ lor, Dr. A . D. Smith, Dr. Geo. E. Adams, F. C. Sessions, Esq., Dr. T. Thayer, Dr. J. J. Carruthers, Hon. A. Hardy, Louis Chapin, Esq., Dr. T.

1 This is an obvious mistake. Dr. Anderson was Clerk of the Prudential Com­ mittee, and Foreign Secretary of the Board, for thirty-four years, but has attended the meetings of the Committee for more than fifty years. ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD.

Shepard, Hon. Henry White, Hon. Wm. E. Dodge, Dr. S. Sweetser, Dr. W. A. Stearns, Dr. R. Anderson, Dr. J. C. Holbrook, Dr. Ray Palmer, Samuel Holmes, Esq., Rev. J. W. Hough, Dr. L. P. Hiekok, Dr. D. H. Riddle, R. H. Stearns, Esq., Hon. J. B. Page, J. S. Wheelwright, Esq. and Dr. N. Bouton.

THURSDAY EVENING— MOVEMENT TO PAY THE DEBT. The Board assembled at half past seven o’clock, united in singing and in prayer, led by Rev. E. E. Williams, and then listened to a very able and impressive address from Dr. Hopkins, the president. After finishing the business connected with the report on the Indian missions, the. report of the committee on the Home Department was taken from the table. E. W. Blatchford, Esq., Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements at Chicago, who had devoted much time and efficiency to preparations for and care of the meetings and the guests, made some earn­ est remarks in favor of an immediate effort, then and there, to pay the debt of the Board. He had previously commenced an effort by corres­ pondence, and had secured some generous subscriptions for the purpose. His remarks were at once responded to, not only by the words, but by the contributions and subscriptions of many others, until the whole amount paid in and pledged was not far from $25,000. The report of the com­ mittee was then accepted. At the Friday morning session Mr. Blatchford reported what had been done towards relieving the Board from debt, and proposed that the amount still needed for this purpose should be then raised. Generous responses were again made by many persons in the assembly, about $5,000 being added to the amount pledged on Thursday evening, making a total of something more than $30,000.

FRIDAY MORNING-— COMMITTEE ON NEW MEMBERS. Coming together for its last session on Friday morning, the Board united in singing, and Dr. Hamlin led in prayer. , The following persons were appointed a Committee on New Members, to report at the next annual meeting : Dr. N. Gale, Hon. John B. Page, John B. Eldridge, Esq., Richard P. Buck, Esq., Dr. I. W. Andrews, E. W. Blatchford, Esq., and Dr. J. W . Strong.

RESOLUTIONS OF THANKS. Hon. William Hyde, of the Business Committee, offered the following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted : — Resolved, That the cordial thanks of this Board be expressed to the citizens of Chicago and vicinity, for the generous hospitality with which thejr have entertained the hundreds whose interest in the cause of missions has brought them to attend this meeting; and especially to the Chairman and members of the Committee of Ar­ rangements, whose thoughtful foresight and active energy have contributed so much to the comfort of individuals, to the convenience of the Board, and to the best results o f the deliberations. Also, that grateful acknowledgments be made to the churches whose houses of worship have been opened for various services; to the Young Men’s Christian Asso­ SIMULTANEOUS MEETINGS. xlvii

ciation and to Mr. Farwell, for the use of their rooms; to the proprietors of hotels who have, by offering reduced rates' added a valuable contribution to the general hospi­ tality; to the railroad companies that have kindly granted favors by the reduction of fares, and in other ways, to those who have traveled hither for this occasion; and to the gentlemen of the press, who have given to the public unusually accurate and fair reports of the proceedings. In thus recognizing favors now received from the people of Chicago, it is remem­ bered, that four years ago their generous interest, manifested by inviting the Board to meet here in 1872, was thwarted by the sweeping fire which laid their city in ashes, before those who accepted the invitation could reach their homes. It is fit, therefore, that with the word of thanks, there should be expressed also the joy and congratulations of the Board, in view of the effective enterprise which, by the bless­ ing of God, has so speedily and so beautifully restored the city destroyed.

J. Russell Bradford, Esq., of the Prudential Committee, made statements in regard to the business management of that Committee.

, FAREWELL ADDRESSES. After the business was finished, Dr. Clark introduced to the assembly missionaries present who were expecting soon to leave for different fields of labor. Brief farewell addresses were made by Rev. D. M. Learned, about to go to Japan; Rev. Alfred L. Riggs, of the Dakota mission ; Rev. A . N. Andrus of Mardin, Eastern Turkey; and Rev. E. T. Doane, from Micro­ nesia, but now about to go to Japan; and the Board united in special prayer for the missionaries, led by Dr. Sturtevant. President Hopkins then made a parting address in behalf of the Board, giving emphasis to the thanks which had been expressed to the people of Chicago, and especially to those who had taken charge of the arrange­ ments for the meeting, and speaking words of farewell. Dr. Goodwin re­ sponded in behalf of the people; the assembly united in a few moments of silent prayer, followed by brief words of supplication by Secretary Clark; the parting hymn, “ Blest be the tie that binds,” was sung; Mr. Calhoun, from Syria, pronounced the benediction, and the Board adjourned.

REMARKS— SIMULTANEOUS MEETINGS. A list comprising something more than 1,200 names was published in the Chicago papers, of persons who had reported themselves to the Com­ mittee of Arrangements as intending to be present at the meeting of the Board. A considerable number of these, doubtless, were prevented from coming, but many must have been there, entertained by friends, or at hotels at their own charge, who did not send their names to the Commit­ tee. It will be seen, therefore, that the number present from abroad was large. The number of corporate members in attendance was 70, and 357 names reached the Assistant Recording Secretary as those of male hon­ orary members present. The weather was unfavorable most of the time, so that the number in attendance at the meetings, specially on Tuesday even­ ing, was much smaller than it would otherwise have been. The large hall, however, was generally well filled, and the seats were so arranged, both on the floor and in the gallery, as to show the great congregation to fine advantage, from the platform. xlviü ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD.

The morning prayer-meetings were held in .the hall, from half-past eight to a quarter past nine o’clock, and were well attended; as were also the noon-day prayer-meetings of the Young Men’s Christian Association, held in the same place, from twelve to one o’clock each day. Outside meet­ ings for addresses were fewer than usual; but one on Wednesday evening, at the Plymouth Church, — addressed by Dr. Hamlin and Mr. Trowbridge, from Turkey, and others, — and one on Thursday evening, at the Union Park Church, — addressed by Mr. Calhoun, from Syria, and Mr. Lindley, from the Zulu mission, — were reported as well attended. The Woman’s Board of the Interior held its meeting Thursday morn­ ing, at the Clark Street Methodist Church. The “ Advance ” states, in regard to that gathering: “ A packed audience assembled half an hour before the time for opening. Hundreds of people were unable to find seats, though every inch of space was made available. The house accom­ modates upwards o f 1,000.” This meeting appears to have been, as usual, one of great interest. ' The meeting at Chicago was decidedly one upon which it was good to be in attendance, and it has doubtless served greatly to deepen the interest of many, specially in the interior and the northwestern States, in the work which the Board is doing for the world’s evangelization. The effort inau­ gurated by Mr. Blatchford, and so largely successful, for the payment of the debt, it is to be hoped will be speedily carried forward to full success, by generous subscriptions from those who were not at the meeting, to act at once, with others. REPORT

O P THE

PRUDENTIAL COMMUTEE.

HOME DEPARTMENT.

NECROLOGY.

T h u Prudential Committee are obliged to commence their report this year, as they have done so frequently in past years, by announ­ cing the decease of a number of their fellow-laborers, whom it has pleased the God of missions to advance from the lower to the higher service. The names of nine Corporate Members are to be trans­ ferred from the roll of the living to the roll of the honored dead, to wit: Mark Tucker, D. D., elected in 1838 ; Hon. Thomas W . W il­ liams, elected in 1838 ; Edward W. Hooker, D. D., elected in 1840 ; John K. Young, D. D., elected in 1842 ; John Kingsbury, LL. D., elected in 1850; Hon. Charles Noble, elected in 1851 ; Hon. Wil­ liam A. Buckingham, elected in 1859 ; William S. Southworth, Esq., elected in 18GO, and for five years a member of the Prudential Com­ mittee ; Joseph Eldridge, D. D., elected in 1867.

MISSIONARY REINFORCEMENTS.

The number of missionaries whom the Committee are permitted to report as having been sent to our different fields for the first time, since the last Annual Meeting, is smaller than it has been for several years. It gives them much pleasure, however, to state that the following persons have been enrolled among the missionaries of the Board, to wit: Rev. Charles H. Brooks and Mrs. Fanny W- Brooks, Rev. Charles C. Stearns and Mrs. Sophia D. P. Stearns, of the Western Turkey mission; Miss Charlotte D. Spencer, of the Cen­ tral Turkey mission; Rev. John K. Browne, of the Eastern Turkey mission ; William O. Ballantine, M. D., and Mrs. Alice E. Ballan- tine, Rev. Edward S. Hume and Mrs. Charlotte E. Hume, of the Mahratla mission ; Rev. Marshall R. Peck and Mrs. Helen N. Peck, o f the Madura mission; Rev. Josiah B. Blakely and Mrs. Isabella 1 2 HOME DEPARTMENT. [Report,

V. Blakely, of the Foochow mission ; Rev. John H. De Forest and Mrs. Eliza De Forest, Arthur H. Adams, M. D„ and Mrs. Sarah C. Adams, of the Japan mission. Miss Martha C. Shepard is laboring in connection with the Dakota mission, without a formal appoint­ ment. Rev. Joseph H. Neesima has also joined the Japan mission as a corresponding member. For the development of the work in nominally Christian lands, Rev. John Edwards and Mrs. Mary J. Edwards have been sent to the Western Mexico mission. The following persons have resumed missionary work, after a tempo­ rary sojourn in this country, to w it: Rev. Andrew Abraham and Mrs. Sarah L. Abraham, of the Zulu mission ; Rev. Theodore L. Bying- ton and Mrs. Margaret E. Byington, and Miss Ursula C. Clarke, of the European Turkey mission ; Rev. Edwin E. Bliss, D. D., and Mrs. Isabella H. Bliss, Rev. Justin W . Parsons, Rev. John F. Smith and Mrs. Laura E. Smith, and Miss Sarah A. Closson, of the West­ ern Turkey mission ; Mrs. Josephine L. Coffing, Miss Myra A. Proc­ tor, Miss Mary G. Hollister, Miss Ellen M. Pierce, of the Central Turkey mission ; Rev. Henry J. Bruce and Mrs. Hepzibeth P. Bruce, o f the Mahratta mission. The Committee regret t o say that they have D ut two persons under appointment, who are expecting to enter the service of the Board as ordained missionaries ; and they have no information as yet that any considerable number of students in our seminaries are desirous of devoting themselves to the foreign work. The attention of the friends of these institutions, as well as of the friends of missions, is respect­ fully but earnestly called to this subject. Is there not need of a special baptism, to the end that those who are soon to enter the min­ istry may be filled with the spirit of Him who loved us and gave H im self for us ?

MISSIONARY BOOMS.

In the month of December last, the Foreign Secretary felt obliged to visit the Southern States for the benefit of his health, and he did not resume his labors till the beginning of June. Rev. Isaac R- Worcester, who had acted for some time previous as Assistant For­ eign Secretary, by the request of the Prudential Committee, per­ formed the duties of the office with a wisdom and fidelity which have given them great satisfaction. Rev. Luther H. Gulick, M. D., formerly a missionary of the Board in Micronesia, and more recently in Spain and Italy, returned to the United States in May last, and since that time he has rendered a much needed and highly valued service in the foreign department. 1875.] HOME DEPARTM ENT. 3

AGENCIES.

The general methods for enlisting the cooperation of our churches which have seemed preferable in past years, are in operation still. The Congregational churches in the United States, except those which lie west of Kansas and Nebraska, have been divided into four districts, to wit: Northern New England, Southern New England, the Middle States, including Ohio, and the Interior. As Southern New England is in charge of the Home Secretary, assisted by Dr. Bush, there are but three Secretaries for the old work at the present time. These have remained without change since the meeting at Rutland. Indeed, the Committee are happy in being able to say that all of them have been in this service-more than ten years. A con­ siderable enlargement of this instrumentality is advocated at times ; but the Committee have not been able as yet to accept the arguments therefor as satisfactory. Rev. Joseph Emerson, who was appointed District Secretary for the work in Nominally Christian Lands, in the autumn of 1871, re­ signed his position in June last, and Dr. Gulick has since performed the duties relinquished by him. The following table will exhibit the districts as they now exist, as also the names of the Secretaries assigned thereto : —

Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. R e v . W i l l i a m W a r r e n , D. D. Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. In charge of the Home Secretary. New York City and the Middle States, including ) Rev Chartfs p B D . D . Ohio, ) Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, ) _ _ _ TT i ’ . ’ ’ , , - R e v . S. J. H u m p h r e y . Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, and Nebraska. ) For the work in Nominally Christian Lands, L. H. G u l i c k , M. D.

It is hardly necessary to say that the missionaries of the Board who are in this country for a season, take pleasure in rendering such assistance in this department as they can, having due regard to other obligations.

t h e w o m a n ’ s b o a r d s . The Committee have recognized in past years, frequently and cor­ dially, the important service which the Woman’s Boards are per­ forming in .the interest of missions; but they avail themselves of the present occasion to express with new emphasis their high apprecia­ tion of these auxiliaries. Each successive year strengthens their conviction that they have a value which is destined to become more and more apparent. Our treasury is a constant witness to their effi­ ciency in adding to its resources; and the missions are constant 4 HOME DEPARTMENT. [ Report, witnesses to their success in providing fellow-laborers of undoubted excellence for their various fields. But the influence which they exert at home, though less palpable, is of greater value still. They are all the while increasing the num­ ber of those who take a thoughtful and prayerful interest in the world’s evangelization. They are carrying the claims of the heathen to multitudes of households, and thereby engrafting upon the family life the highest forms of Christian living. Parents and children are made co-workers, one with another, in plans and efforts to preach the gospel to every creature. The educational value of such en­ deavors it is hardly possible to overstate. Every father or mother, who recognizes the priceless worth of consecrated aims, will ac­ count it more precious than rubies.

AID FROM PUBLISHING SOCIETIES. During the year, as in former years, generous and highly valued assistance has been afforded the missionaries by American, and also in some cases by English, Tract and Bible Societies. A recent letter from one of the Secretaries of the American Bible Society presents an interesting view of the important work of that Society. In addition to payments made directly to the treasury of the Board, amounting to SI,200 during its last fiscal year, the Secretary says: “ We are providing instruction and aid for Dr. Blodgett [in China] and Mr. Greene [in Japan], and are assuming a part of the support of other missionaries at Constantinople, by aiding them to secure acceptable versions of the Scriptures. Your press in Pe­ king has, during the past year, completed at our expense an edition of the Mandarin Old Testament, which your missionaries are to use. In Japan we have printed for them the Gospel of Luke. We have just paid the Hawaiian Board $1,606, in gold, for Scriptures in the dialect of the Marshall Islands, sent last spring to Micronesia, and we finish printing here to-day 1,000 copies of the Ponape Gen­ esis and Exodus for another part of the same field. As fast as your missionaries can perfect their translations of the Dakota Scriptures, we are ready to electrotype and print them. W e published Joshua) Judges, and Ruth, last year, and hope to complete the Bible in the course of six months.” Having mentioned a gift of six hundred Bibles and-Testaments for the work in Austria, as also of a like number of volumes for Western Mexico, he proceeds to say: “ It is in Turkey, however, that the American Bible Society and the American Board have most in common. Our expenditure on that field of $36,000 a year would very much of it be made through your treasury, were not 1875.] HOME DEPARTMENT. i)

Dr. I. G. Bliss on the ground to superintend it; and that expen­ diture is none the less designed to benefit the institutions you have established, and the people whom you are inviting to Christ. Egypt, Syria, and Persia, have, indeed, their share ; but the flourishing condition of your missions gives us a special interest in helping on their work.” The Secretary of the American Tract Society reports that the grants of that society to our missions, during its last financial year, were in money, $1,412.50; electrotypes, $2,450.48; publications, $775.48. The American Tract Society, Boston, also made a grant, in May last, of $100, for the publication of Tracts, under the direc­ tion of Mr. Tracy, of the Madura Mission.

FINANCIAL REVIEW.

The year which has just closed has borne a striking resemblance to the one which preceded it. Its perplexities, its fears, and its re­ sults, may be said in general terms to have been identical. In the report which the Committee made at Rutland, after referring to the serious commercial depression which began in September, 1873, they spoke as follows: i; It was the hope, as also the expectation, of many that the derangement would be of brief continuance, and to some extent local. But month after month passed away, and yet there was no return of the prosperity of previous years. Indeed, the entire twelvemonth may be characterized as unprosperous, and unfavorable, therefore, to the receipts of our benevolent societies.” This language, with very slight modifications, may be repeated to­ day. It is quite as true now as it was then that 4,the entire twelve­ month has been unprosperous, and unfavorable, therefore, to the re­ ceipts of our benevolent societies.” Not less remarkable lias been the identity of results. The income of the Board last year from donations and legacies, for the old work and the new, was $469,470.26; this year it has been $468,620.82, showing a difference of only $849.44. This coincidence has been altogether unforeseen. Indeed, the receipts of the last few days of our financial years have become so uncertain that definite issues can never be affirmed till the books shall have been actually closed. The Committee have endeavored to keep distinctly in mind, as they did last year, the need of the missionaries, on the one hand, and the embarrassments of many of our friends, on the other. " They have desired to secure the means of satisfying the reasonable claims of the former, with the least practicable inconvenience to the latter.” It has been their wish, moreover, to inflict as 'little injury as possi­ ble upon other Congregational societies. In the fullest confidence 6 ZULU MISSION. [R epoil,

that our churches are able, even in such times as these, to supply the wants of the foreign work, and yet do whatever is needful for home objects, it has been their desire to increase the number of contributors, and thereby lessen the burden of individuals. And while they take great pleasure in recognizing the larger donations, — some of them very generous and very gratifying, all the more gratifying because of their belief that the grace of God recently be­ stowed upon the givers will make them duly mindful of other claims — they rejoice especially in the wide aud diffusive liberality which has expressed itself in the offerings of the period under review.

RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES. The income of the year for the old work has been as follows : From donations. $349,084.86; from legacies, $89,702.38; from other sources, 57,407.37 ; making a total of $446,044.61. The dis­ bursements have been S450,238.39. As, therefore, the year began with a debt of 86,352.64, it has closed with a debt of $10,396.42. The income for the work in nominally Christian lands has been as follows: From donations, 829,333.58; from legacies, $500; making a total of $29,833.58. The disbursements have amounted to $39,672.69. Hence, as the year began with a debt of $24,088.43, it has closed with a larger' debt of 833,927.54. It will be seen, therefore, that the deficit of the year for both works has been $13,882 89, and that the present debt of the Board for both works is $44,323.96, being the aggregate of the debts of three successive years.

THE MISSIONS'; . ZULU MISSION. ’

U m z c m b i . — Henry M. Bridgman, Missionary ; Mrs. Laura B. Bridgman, Miss Marv E. Pinkerton. — One organized cburch ; one native pastor; one native preacher; one native teacher. Three out-stations, with two preachers and one teacher.

U m t w a l u m i . — Myron W. PLukerton, Missionary; Mrs. Louisa M. Pinkerton.— One organized church; two native preachers; two teachers. Five out-stations, with two organized churches — at Jfafa and Amahhngwa; six preachers; four teachers.

A m a n z i m t o t i :.— Hyman A. Wilder, Elijah Robbins, Missionaries; Mrs. R. Ori­ ana Ireland, Mrs. Abbie T. Wilder, Mrs. Addie B. Robbins, Miss Laura A. Day. — One organized church; one native pastor; three preachers; three teachera. One out­ station, with one organized church — at Tfumi; one pastor; two teachers.

I n a n d a . — Stephen C. Pixley, C. W. Kilbon, Missionaries; Mrs. Louisa Pixley, Mrs. Mary B. Kilbon. Miss Martha J. Lindley.— One organized church; one native pastor; three preachers; three teachers. Three out-stations, with one organized church — at Jtafamasi; one pastor; two preachers; three teachers. 1875.1 ZULU MISSION. 7

U m s u n d u z i . — Josiah Tyler, Missionary; Mrs. Susan W. Tyler. — One organized church — at Esidumbini; one pastor; one teacher. U m v o ti.— David Rood, Missionary ,• Mrs. Alzina V . Rood, Miss Gertrude R. Ilance.— One organized church; two native preachers; three teachers.

M a i »u m u l o . — One organized church; one preacher; oneteacher. One out-station, with one organized church; one preacher; one teacher. In this Country. — William Ireland, William Mellen, Seth B. Stone, Missionaries ; Mrs. Laurana W . Mellen, Mrs. Catherine B. Stone. On the Way Out. — Andrew Abraham, Misssonary ; Mrs. Sarah L. Abraham. 7 stations; 1-i out-stations; 13 organized churches ; 12 missionaries; 16 female as­ sistant missionaries; 5 native pastors; 17 native preachers ; 25 teachers.

Mr. Ireland has returned to the United States, his family still re­ maining in Africa, as he hopes to be able to resume work after a period of needed rest ; and Mr. Mellen has joined his family, who came to this country last year. Mr. and Mrs. Abraham are on their way back to the field in which they have so long labored, so that the mission will probably soon be able again to occupy the station of Mapumulo. Messrs. Wilder and Robbins have been removed to Amanzimtote, with reference to the interests of the theological sem­ inary and boys’ school. Mrs. Edwards, after very remarkable success in establishing and sustaining for years a seminary for the Christian education of Zulu girls, has felt constrained to leave the field be­ cause of the necessities of family friends dependent on her in this country.

GENERAL WORK AND RESULTS. Much touring and kraal-visiting have been performed by several members of the mission, with an increasing sense of the importance of this branch of labor. Mr. Pinkerton reports being able to visit many points in his field, and that he receives the same attention as in days past. A congregation can be gathered anywhere. Mr. Tyler visited kraals and preached as much as he felt able to do, during the dry season. He regards this as one of the most impor­ tant methods of benefiting the Zulus, though the work is sometimes trying, owing to the almost inaccessible situation of many of the kraals, and the peculiar conditions of disorder and uncleanliness within. The mission states : “ If in any respect there has been less visiting among the kraals than in some previous years, it must in great measure be attributed to the removal of associate mission­ aries from central points, rather than to any lack of interest in so important a work.” Much encouragement has been experienced in this mission from the frequent and comparatively numerous cases of conversion, many of which have been reported in the “ Missionary Herald.” Forty- 8 ZULU MISSION. [Report,

six were added to the churches in 1874, making a present total of 581, or 775 from the first.

NATIVE CHURCHES AND PASTORS. An important annual meeting of the native Christians took place in 1874, at which all the churches but one were represented, the delegates of that church being detained by work on a new chapel. Some of the representatives walked an hundred and thirty miles. The whole meeting, says Mr. Tyler, was managed by themselves, and “ was characterized by a manliness, order, and enthusiasm which did them much credit.” One of the most encouraging features of this meeting was its missionary character. The contributions for the support of their own home missionaries showed that the people realized in good de­ gree the importance of this effort. Umbiana’s people, spoken of as the poorest, probably, of all, and who were struggling to build a chapel, school-house, and comfortable dwellings for themselves, paid into the general treasury upwards of $85 ; and the little station of Itafamasi gave nearly $55. More than $500 were laid upon the table at one time, and that before all the stations had reported. Mr. Tyler further says: “ I have seen evidences of self-denial in giv­ ing at home, and I am sure that every true missionary is thankful that he is remembered by many pious widows and others who add to their mites fervent prayers ; and should we not also be thankful that these Zulu Christians, who only a few years ago were under the dominion of heathen selfishness, are now willing to bring their offer­ ings, and lay them so cheerfully on the Lord’s altar ? Is it strange that I should contrast their standard of giving with that of those who live in homes of luxury, and should feel, that if American Chris­ tians gave, in proportion to their ability, as do these African believ­ ers, the treasury of the Board would never fail.” At Ifafa the people have assumed the repairs and reseating of their chapel; and at Umzumbi the monthly concert contributions have gone up from almost nothing, five years ago, to forty-five dol­ lars for the last year. Mr. Pinkerton writes: 1 have always had great confidence in the subscription paper, as a means of grace, and I expect that it will accomplish wonders for these African churches.” The efficiency of the five native pastors seems to be increasing. The mission still feels encouraged by their marked usefulness. Mr. Bridgman mentions one of the pastors as illustrating the fact that natives, “ if imbued with love to the truth, and in earnest, can wield the sword of the spirit far more effectively than the foreign mis­ sionary.” And Mr. Tyler says, “ Our Zulu pastors, if men of the right stamp, are the men to work effectively.” 1875.] ZULU MISSION. 9

EDUCATION.

The number of common schools under the care of the mission for 1874, was twenty-one, with 868 pupils ; 464 of whom were girls. The mission says of these schools : “ We have reason to believe that the facilities for furnishing a good common school education, on all our stations, were never better. This part of our work is passing more and more into the hands of better qualified native teachers. But we think, as our schools become filled with well- dressed children of believing parents, it is more and more difficult to bring into them the naked children from heathen kraals. Still, we believe there is generally a diminution of prejudice against schools among the heathen, and were there funds and teachers, we might increase our work greatly in this direction. Our aim is to make the schools more and more self-supporting ; but how fast we can wisely do this, at the same time making them of greatest value to the greatest number, is the question to be solved. The Natal government has aided us much in the past, and we hope will soon supplement whatever funds may reasonably be drawn from the par­ ents ; so.that all necessary expenses for the education of Zulu chil­ dren may be assured.” The boys’ boarding-school at Amanzimtote has fifty pupils, and the Theological Seminary at the same place has ten, but no detailed reports have been received regarding them. The female seminary at lnanda under the care of Mrs. Edwards, aided by Mr. and Mrs. Kilbon, and since Mrs. Edwards’ return to this country placed in charge of Mr. and Mrs. Kilbon and Miss Lindley, has had thirty- two pupils. The mission regards the seminaries at Amanzimtote and lnanda, for the higher education of the station people, as of vital importance to the present and prospective work. The day-schools among the kraals at Umvoti, under Miss Hance, are reported as in a very prosperous condition ; and the girls’ board­ ing school at Umzumbi, under Miss Pinkerton, with a special refer­ ence to the kraal girls, is full of promise. Of the latter it is said : “ It is directly aggressive on heathenism. We may hope it will prove an entering wedge for the Gospel to many a kraal; and though our short-sighted and weak faith should dismiss to a future generation the gathering of its best fruits, it must be said of its de­ voted teachers, not only that ‘ they have done what they could,’ but that ‘ they have wrought a good work.’ It is a school where the minimum of expense is formulated into the maximum of good.” The Minor Prophets have been printed in Zulu during the year, also an outline General History, for the use of the seminaries and the advanced readers among the people. 1 0 EUROPEAN TURKEY. [Report,

PLANS FOB EXTENSION. Our brethren of this mission have had their thoughts turned toward the possible extension of their work among other, larger, and less cultivated portions of the Zulu race. The pioneer labors of Messrs. Lindley and Grout, supplemented as they have been by those of many others, some of whom are laid to rest in African soil, may yet bear fruit far from the immediate scene of their toil. The following extract from the annual letter of the mission can­ not but inspire new hope in the hearts of those who have continued through many years to pray for the widely extended and interest­ ing Zulu people: “ There can scarcely be a doubt that half, or more than half the Isi-Zulu speaking tribes are to the north and west of Delagoa Bay. In only one of these tribes has any mis­ sionary work been attempted, and that upon a very small scale; — we refer, of course, to the work of the London Missionary Society. Books printed by our mission can be read by them, and it may be a subject for wise reflection whether we ought not to shape our efforts and lay our plans to commence soon an initiatory work among Umzila’s people, or some other tribe speaking the Zulu tongue, a thousand miles or so to the northward, with the ultimate design of concentrating our labors outside of, rather than in Natal.”

GOOD CHEER.

The missionaries are hopeful. Mr. Bridgman says: “ "We are not going backward. We shall ‘ go ahead,’ and if American Chris­ tians can’t foot the bills the Lord will. It is his work; he has not repudiated it; and we don’t suppose he is going to.” Mr. Pinker­ ton speaks of his confidence and enthusiasm being rooted in good ground. “ I see,” he says, “ the power of Christ’s word over Zulu hearts, — the worst of them. That word will go to convert the tribes on the hills and in the valleys.” Mr. Tyler remarks: “ Though ignorance and superstition abound to a lamentable degree, the truths of the Bible are diffused among the kraals about our stations. Enough is known of Christianity to save the people if they would only receive it into their hearts. When shall we be permitted to see their indifference removed ? Pray, dear brethren, for a revival among the Zulus.”

EUROPEAN TURKEY MISSION.

C onstantinople . — Elias Riggs, D. D., LL. D., T. L . Byington, Missionaries; Mrs. Martfaa J. Riggs, Mrs. Margaret E. Byington.

Eski Z a g k a . — Lewis Bond, Jr., Henry P. Page, George D. Marsh, Missionaries. Mrs. Fanny G. Bond, Mrs. Mary A. Page, Mrs. Ursula C. Marsh. — Two helpers; 1875.] EUROPEAN TURKEY. 11 three out-stations, with two organized churches — at Mericlileri and Yamboul; two pastors; two licensed preachers; one school teacher. Samokove. — James F. Clarke, W . Edwin Locke, J. Henry House, Missionaries; Mrs. Isabella G. Clarke, Mrs. Zoe A. M. Locke, Mrs. Addie S. House, Miss Esther T. Maltbie, Mrs. Anna V . Mumford. — Three licensed preachers; two school teach­ ers; two other helpers. Four out-stations, with one organized church; one pastor; two licensed preachers; two school teachers. M oxastiii.— John W. Baird, E. W. Jennev, Missionaries; Mrs. Ellen K. Baird, Mrs. K. M. Jenney. — One licensed preacher; one other helper. 4 stations; 7 out-stations; 3 organized churches; 10 missionaries; 12 female assist­ ant missionaries; 3 native pastors; 8 licensed preachers; 4 schoolteachers; 5 other helpers.

This mission has been reinforced by the addition of Mr. and Mrs. Byingtou, and Mrs. Marsh, late Miss Clarke, of the Western Tur­ key Mission. Mr. Byington is stationed at Constantinople, with Dr. Riggs, to assist in very important literary labors for the Bulga­ rians. The period of growth seems to have arrived, after fifteen years of patient, and sometimes disheartening toil. “ The first five years were spent,” says Mr. Clarke, “ in laying foundations, — in praying and hoping, — but with little visible result. The next five years we could see a steady advance, from our inner view, though not much was observable to outsiders. Since that time the changes have been rapid.” And they have been especially so within the last year, as the following review shows.

ESKI ZAGKA. In consequence of the increased attendance upon religious ser­ vices during the winter, a chapel was fitted up early in the spring, and, notwithstanding the fresh anathemas of the priests, the average attendance is twenty-five, and there is an apparent lessening of preju­ dice in the minds of the common people. The hopefully pious show their missionary spirit by their readiness to visit neighboring villages on the Sabbath. Several young women are learning to read in spite of all opposition, and a Sunday-school class was “ attended by half a dozen interesting girls during the winter and early spring, until the interference of their so-called spiritual shepherds ” prevented their coming. In consequence of extremely severe weather during the winter, less touring has been performed than the missionaries desired, yet a number of tours have been made, and on several of them the mis­ sionary was accompanied by his wife. Among the out-stations two churches have been organized, with pastors, — at Mericlileri and Yamboul, — the first with nineteen, the second with thirteen mem­ bers. The Merichleri Church (six hours to the south of Eski Zagra) 12 EUROPEAN TURKEY. \Reporl, gives half the support of its' pastor. During the winter this church sent out two or more members each Sabbath to some neighboring village, “ and once they spared their pastor three weeks, that he might make a somewhat extensive preaching tour on foot, through mud and sun, to places seldom visited.” The Yamboul Church (fourteen hours east of Eski Zagra) has adopted the tithing sys­ tem, and supports its pastor entirely, only asking a small amount toward the support of their teacher. At Kizenlik (six hours north), a small community of only twenty Protestants have erected a place of worship, without the least outside assistance. A helper has recently been sent to them, though they had held Sabbath and Wednesday meetings regularly by themselves. At Philippopolis, the number of the Protestant community remains the same as last year — about twenty. Acknowledgment is made by the mission of the valuable services rendered by Miss Elizabeth Beven, an English lady, temporarily resident in Philippopolis. The Bulgarian work in Adrianople has made little progress, and the helper has been recalled.

SAMOKOVE. Seven have been added to the number of church members in Samokove, making a total of fifty-three ; and since the new’ year’s week of prayer, there has been a special tenderness of feeling. The out-station work has been largely increased, with various encourage­ ments, and persecutions, indicating genuine work. Much touring has been done, the gentlemen having spent one hundred and twelve days, and the ladies of the school eighty-nine, in this laborious work. During the winter vacation, Mrs. Mumford, accompanied by the pastor of the Bansko clniich, and a Bible-woman, was violently as­ sailed in the town of Banya. one hour north of Bansko. Several instances are reported of persecution toward native Christians and helpers, and Mr. House remarks that it is one of the great trials of missionary life to sit quietly by and see others suffer injustice, with no power to help the suffering.” The church in Bansko has been growing spiritually, and is having a wide influence in places around. Djuma (ten hours north of west from Samokove), has a little circle of Protestants, though they have had a preacher for a few weeks only. Kostenets (twenty miles east), lias given the board and half the wages of a theological student for four months. Tar­ tar Pazarjik, twenty miles west of Philippopolis, has furnished half the support of a preacher for nearly a year. Openings for Chris­ tian work, with some fruit, the result of missionary touring and col- 1875.] EUROPEAN TURKEY. 13 porter labor, are found in Kustendil, Palanka, Orhaniya, Radomir, and Tsarovo. Miss Maltbie reports that two Bible-women have completed their earthly lives, the one after three months’ service, the other after one month. “ A third, Katarinka, has labored longer and very success­ fully, encountering difficulties and trials of many kinds, with severe persecutions, in which even her life has been endangered.” Bible work has been done by the teachers and pupils of the school during vacations, in different places. “ They have also been out each week iu the city, to do missionary work among the women. They have gone by twos and threes to the different districts to which we have access, visiting and holding meetings as they have had opportunity. The people are more accessible than formerly, and the reports by the girls of their efforts to do good, in our Friday evening meet­ ings, have encouraged our hearts very much. Indeed, the whole retrospect of the year seems to invite us to look to God for still greater success and blessings.”

EDUCATION. The Theological School has had three seniors, four juniors, and four in the preparatory class. The progress of the pupils in their studies has been pleasing to their teachers, who say : “ While we cannot report a revival, we can testify to a deepening sense among the students, of their duties, responsibilities, and opportunities. It has been delightful to find in them a growing love for the sacred Word. Four of them have been employed during the whole, and a fifth for a part of the winter vacation, as colporters. Of late there has been evinced more and more of a desire to work for Christ, as seen in their endeavors on the Sabbath, in the city and in some of the neighboring villages.” The new building for the female boarding-school has been a source of great advantage to the institution, situated as it is in one of the finest and most valuable positions in the city, and giving opportunity for growth. The number of scholars during the year has been thirty, — twenty-two of them boarders. The trustees report: “ The examinations at the close of the year occurred on the oth and 6th of July, and reflected great credit both upon teachers and scholars. ■ . . . But, above all, we have reason to be thankful for the manifest presence of the spirit in the school, quietly, but powerfully working in the hearts of the pupils d u rin g these last months of the year. This interest in eternal things embraced all the boarders of the school, reviving those who had previously confessed Christ, and awakening those who had no hope, to seek the Saviour.” 14 WESTERN TURKEY. [Report,

MONASTIR.

The curious crowds which at first thronged the chapel at Mon- astir, are reported as having found the Word too pointed and too destructive to favorite plans in life, and as having, little by little, left; but the missionaries rejoice more in the present few who, Bible in hand, study the Word of God. A Sabbath-school has been com­ menced, which seemed to be just the thing demanded for awaken­ ing, encouraging, and assisting a desire to study the Bible. From fifteen to twenty-five are regular in attendance on each Sabbath ser­ vice, and a few have so fur overcome superstition as to work on saints’ days. “ The New Testament is found in the pockets of many, and the discussions in the market, as to the relative merits of the Greek and the Protestant faith, are long and warm.” Mrs. Baird and her servant have made weekly visits to a circle of women, for the purpose of reading and explaining the Scriptures. Much time has been necessarily spent by the brethren at this station in the study of the language; yet sixty-five days have been employed by them in touring, and forty-three by the helper. Their report closes by saying : ‘‘ We live in the hope that some souls will soon rejoice in the new experience of Christ’s love.”

WESTERN TURKEY MISSION.

LITERARY DEPARTMENT FOR THE THREE ARMENIAN MISSIONS.

C onstantinople . — Elias Riggs, D. D., LL. D., E. E. Bliss, D. D . , I . Fayette Pettibone, Joseph K. Greene, George F. Herrick, Missionaries; Henry 0 . Dwight, Editor; Mrs. Martha J. Riggs, Mrs. Isabella H. Bliss, Mrs. Elizabeth A. Greene, Mrs. Helen M. Herrick, Mrs. Ardelle 31. Dwight.

GKNERAL MISSIONARY WORK.

C onstantinople . — George W. 'Wood, D. D., Milan H. Hitchcock, Missionaries: Mrs. Sarah A. H. Wood, Mrs. Cora W . Tomson, Miss Julia A. Rappleye, Miss Cor­ nelia P. Dwight, Miss Sarah A. Closson. — Two organized churches; one pastor; four teachers; one helper. Resident in Nicomedia, but considered members of the Constantinople station. — Justin VV. Parsons, Missionary; Mrs. Catherine Parsons, Miss Laura Farnham, Miss Electa C. Parsons. Eight out-stations, with five organized churches,— one each in Rodosto, Adriano- Nicodemia, Bayhchijik, and Adabazar; three pastors; one licensed preacher; nine school-teachers; four other helpers. M anissa.— Marcellus Bowen, Charles H. Brooks, Missionaries; Mrs. Fanny W. Brooks, Miss Phebe L. Cull. — One ordained minister; three teachers. Four out-sta­ tions, with three organized churches, — at Smyrna, Aidin, and Ak-liissar; one pas­ tor; two helpers.

B k o o b a . — Sanford Richardson, Missionary; Mrs. Rhoda A. Richardson. — One 1875.] WESTERN TURKEY. 15 organized church; one pastor; four teachers. Sixteen out-stations, with four organ­ ized churches, — at Bandurina, Demirdesh, Bilijik, and Mooradchai; one pastor; four licensed preachers; eight school-teachers; four other helpers.

M a k s o v a n . — Benjamin Schneider, D. D., Julius Y. Leonard, Charles C. Tracy, John F. Smith, Missionaries; Mrs. Susan M. Schneider, Mrs. Amelia A. Leonard, Mrs. L. A. Tracy, Mrs. Laura E. Smith, Miss Eliza Fritcher, Miss Fannie E. Wash­ burn.— One organized church; one licensed preacher; eight school-teachers; one other helper. Fifteen out-stations, with two organized churches, — at Kapookaya and Vizir K-upreu; two pastors ; five licensed preachers; twelve school-teachers; ten other helpers.

C e s a r e a . — Wilson A. Farnsworth, Lyman Bartlett, John 0. Barrows, Missiona­ ries ; Mrs. Caroline E. Farnsworth, Mrs. Cornelia C . Bartlett, Mrs. Clara S. Barrows, Mrs. Elizabeth Giles. — One organized church: one licensed preacher; four school­ teachers; one other helper. Thirteen out-stations, with three organized churches,— at Yozgat, Moonjoosoon, and Soovgoorloo; one pastor; four licensed preachers; fif­ teen school teachers; three other helpers. S iv a s.— Edward Riggs, A. W . Hubbard, Missionaries; Henry S. West, M. 1)., Physician; Mrs. Lottie M. West, Mrs. Sarah H. Riggs, Mrs. Emma 11. Ilubbard, Miss Flavia S. Bliss. — One licensed preacher; three school-teachers. Seven out-sta­ tions, with two organized churches, — at Tocat and Curtin; one pastor; seven licensed preachers; five school-teachers. On the Way. — Charles C. Stearns, Missionary ; Mrs. Sophia D. P. Stearns, Miss Harriet G. Powers. In this Country. — Mr. Theodore A. Baldwin, Missionary; Mrs. Lucy A. Hitch­ cock, Mrs. Matilda J. Baldwin, Miss Charlotte L. Noyes, Mrs. Flora P. Bowen. ' 6 stations; 63 out-stations; 24 organized churches; 2L missionaries; 1 physician; 1 other male assistant missionary; 34 female assistant missionaries; 11 native pas- .tors; 25 licensed preachers; 75 school-teachers; 26 other helpers.

Dr. E. E. Bliss and wife have, during the year, returned to their work in Constantinople; Mr. Parsons has returned to Nicomedia; and Miss Clarke has again resumed missionary work, but is now a member of the European Turkey Mission, having been united in marriage with the Rev. Mr. Marsh, on the 1st of January. Rev. Charles H. Brooks and wife, from Canada, have been added to the mission, and are for the present at Manissa, with the expecta­ tion of ultimate work in Constantinople. Mrs. Hitchcock is still in this country; and Mr. and Mrs. Bald­ win, Mrs. Bowen, and Miss Koyes, have found it necessary to re­ turn to their native land to seek physical reinvigoration. Mr. and Mrs. Stearns, and Miss Harriet G. Powers, are under appoint­ ment for Manissa, and are already on their wav there. Mr. Baldwin is expected to remove from Manissa to Constanti­ nople, to take charge of the Treasury Department. Miss Closson remains in Constantinople, in the “ Home,” to render assistance in conducting that institution until the next Annual Meeting. Mr. Bowen is invited to remove to Constantinople, to engage in general missionary work, on the return of his wife from America — her phy­ sicians having decided that her health requires the change. 16 WESTERN TURKEY. [Report,

The thirty-fifth annual meeting of the mission took place in Constantinople in May. Dr. Wood speaks of this meeting as in some respects the pleasantest he ever attended. “ It was wonder­ ful,” he says,’ u how, in the progress of discussion, differences disap­ peared, and light seemed to shine upon dark places.” The after­ noon sessions of the meeting were open, neighboring native pastors being invited to be present and give free expression to their opin­ ions on the topics discussed. The relations of the missionaries to the native churches, as shown by this fact, as well as by many others, are of a very pleasant character compared with some peri­ ods in the past. It is said, The improvement heretofore reported in the feeling of the Protestant community in Constantinople has suffered no abatement, blit has rather advanced during the last year. . . . . The real causes of the low condition of the work of the Lord among them are better apprehended, and more fully confessed by many ; and there is a reaching forth, in some degree, toward a better state of things. Missionaries are welcome in all the pulpits and religious meetings; and there is no agitating discussion that is worthy of mention.” The work grows so rapidly upon the mission that the brethren feel constrained to call for at least three new men, and that too, without planning, for the present, to take any new station. They write : “ Could your young ministers know not only the pressing wants of our work, but the abounding joy which attends every en­ deavor to meet them, they would welcome the opening to them of so great an opportunity.”

OBSTRUCTIONS GOVERNMENTAL REACTION AND THE FAMINE. Opposition from the various departments of the Turkish govern­ ment continues temporarily to obstruct the work, though it will no doubt, as in all the past history o f missions, ultimately redound to the progress and health of the evangelical cause. The Con­ stantinople report says: “ The proofs of a reactionary policy on the part of the government have been numerous aud decided. Vex­ atious annoyances in the matter of book distribution, and otherwise, have been followed by endless delays in giving redress when this has been demanded. Permission to print the Turkish Scriptures has not been formally refused, and has been repeatedly promised, but the efforts of the English Ambassador and the American Min­ ister, continued through an entire year, have but just succeeded in obtaining an order from the Minister of Foreign Affairs, which it is hoped will now secure it from the Bureau of the Press. “ Persecution, in the cases of Mustapha and his family, of Ma- 1875.] WESTERN TURKEY. 17 rash, and of the Ansariyeh converts, conscripted as soldiers, has been partially checked; but the animus of the government, and its fear of missionary influence upon Moslems, have been clearly shown. It was openly declared, as we learn on unquestionable au­ thority, by the late Grand Yizier, that conversions from Mohamme­ danism must be an impossibility under a government that rests upon a Mohammedan basis. “ This question is to be dealt with in a manner worthy of them­ selves and of its fundamental importance, by the Christian nations upon whose good-will alone Turkey can maintain its existence ; and we trust that the failure of the deputation from the Evangelical Al­ liance in Great Britain, in respect to the immediate object of its late visit, will contribute to this end.” In view of the critical condition of affairs in Turkey, and of the removal of Mr. Boker, from whom our missionaries received much assistance, by his promotion to represent our country at the Russian Court, the appointment of the Hon. Horace Maynard as Minister to the Sublime Porte, at just this juncture, is an event in which every friend of religious liberty must rejoice. The sad famine, which has desolated so large a portion of Asia Minor, has continued almost unabated during the year under re­ view. The ryats in the stricken districts had not a sufficient num­ ber of animals or even of implements, with which to improve the last seed-time, and have consequently been without the harvests which they might otherwise have reaped, and which would have re­ lieved their distress. These suffering masses owe more than they can ever appreciate to the fearless philanthropy of the 14 Levant Herald.” The constant and faithful representations of the terrible sufferings of the famine-stricken region, published in that paper, have so stirred the benevolence of many in this country, but espe­ cially in England and Scotland, that nearly one hundred and fifty thousand dollars have been sent to their relief. This extensive ex­ ercise of Christian benevolence will no doubt in due time prove to have been one of the most happy exhibitions of the superiority of the Christian faith over every other, creating, as it must necessarily do, a deeply favorable impression on the public mind.

PUBLICATIONS. The publishing department of the mission has not been as vigor­ ous as usual, owing to the absence, during much of the year, of Dr. E. E. Bliss. The printing of the mission during 1874, amounted to 1,006,000 pages in Armenian, 220,400 in Armeno-Turkish, 107,800 in Greco- 18 WESTERN TURKEY. \Report,

Turkish, and 450,420 in Bulgarian; making a total of 1,784,620 pages ; and a total from the first, of 300,436,800 pages. Six tracts have been issued in the Bulgarian language. Of the weekly “ Avedaper,” 1600 copies, and of the monthly, 4,000 copies have been published, — in Armenian, Armeno-Turkish, and Greco-Turkish. Two thousand copies of a monthly in the Bul­ garian language have also been published. Arrangements are be­ ing made to double the size of the Armenian and Armeno-Turkish weekly, from the first of January, 1876, making it then an eight- paged quarto, when special efforts will be made to increase its circu­ lation, and especially to secure from native sources such communica­ tions as will render the “ Avedaper ” an organ of native as well as of missionary opinion.

MARSOVAN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. This institution, of such great value to the churches in Western Turkey, has enjoyed an unusually prosperous year. The experiment of educating Greek students with Armenians has been very satisfac­ tory. They have shown as much interest, and have taken as fair a stand, as their fellows. During the winter they were sent out to missionary work, in common with the rest, and did well. The sta­ tion report says: “ W hat surprises us not a little is. the fact that some of the finest workers here, among the Armenian population, are the Greek students. Of late, especially, they have taken hold with a zeal, and a forgetfulness of national pride, which make us thank God and take courage in regard to the co-education of these two nationalities. One of the young Greeks confessed that his feel­ ings had undergone almost a total change in this respect since he came here, and that he was very glad of his being here.” The n umber of students this year is thirty.

FEMALE EDUCATION AND WOMAN'S WORK.

In Constantinople, the “ Home ” has continued to prosper, through the indefatigable labors of Miss Rappleye, shared by Miss Noyes, and aided a part of the year by Miss Dwight and Miss Annie M. Bliss. At the end of 1874, the number of boarders was twenty-six, and of day scholars fifteen, making a total of forty-one. Twelve of the day scholars and six of the boarders pay in full, without aid from foreign sources. It is'hoped that the proportion of aid will be lessened by keeping it within its present limits, and by an increase of those who pay in full. The Constantinople station reports very hopefully regarding the school, saying: “ The institution is ac­ complishing, to a gratifying extent, the object of its establishment 1875.] WESTERN TURKEY. 19 and we cannot doubt that when fully equipped for its mission, in the new structure which is to be its permanent home, and sustained by the faith and benevolence o f its supporters, it will be crowned with the Divine blessing in a still higher degree.” Mrs. Tomson, connected with the Home, is preparing herself, by the study of the Turkish, for evangelistic work among women. Her acquaintance with the families from which the pupils come, and with the callers at the institution, will, it is believed, be a great assistance in her special work. The school at Baghchijik, under Misses Farnham and Parsons, assisted by Mrs. Parsons, is reported as having last year had twelve boarders, and this year twenty-four, from thirteen different locali­ ties ; and thirty-six day scholars from the village itself. One half the boarding pupils are self-supporting, all furnish their own cloth­ ing and books, and every day scholar pays a tuition fee. “ An ex­ perienced Bible-woman resides in the school building, who holds a service on the Sabbath, attended by the pupils and their friends, and more especially by women and girls in no way connected with the Protestant community. This service has been held for a year and a half, and has become an important and recognized feature of the Christian work at Baghchijik. This woman visits also in the village.” The girls’ school at Manissa, under Miss Cull, has had an at­ tendance of seven boarders and five day scholars. The station re­ port says : “ W e have the full number of free scholars provided for by our appropriation ; and the Protestant families in our field are for the most part too poor to undertake the support of their own children in obtaining an education, of the full value of which they have so faint a conception.” A t Broosa, where the work is carried on entirely by the local church, the girls’ day schools are reported as having outgrown their accommodations. There has been room for only seventy pupils and this number is always full, so that new applicants have often to wait months for a vacancy to occur. An effort is being made by the people to purchase an adjoining building, so as to enlarge their edu­ cational work. Regarding the general work of the ladies at Marsovan, the report says : “ Mrs. Leonard’s labors in caring for the sick, and in general visitation, have met with success and blessing, and for these labors there is an unlimited sphere. Mrs. Tracy has engaged, as far as strength would allow, in work among the women and children.” Mrs. Schneider is also reported as beginning, immediately on her arrival with her husband, in March, in 1874, to “ build the walls of 20 WESTERN TURKEY. [Report,

Zion over against her own house, with great success.” Of this a fuller account is given in the “ Missionary Herald ” for August, 1875. Misses Fritcher and Washburn have continued their arduous and important labors in the Female Seminary. A fine class of seven graduated last October. The number of pupils during the present school year is twenty-one. The standard of knowledge required for entrance has been lately advanced, to correspond with the advanced education of those who apply from the various station boarding and preparatory schools. A t Talas, the suburb of Cesarea, the girls’ boarding-school, under the superintendence of Mrs. Bartlett, “• has had nine pupils ; and the mental, moral, and religious character of these girls has been, with few exceptions, gratifying to their friends and their teachers. Three were church members when they joined the school, and four have become so since. Five of the girls are prepared to enter the (Mar- sovan) Female Seminary.” The number of women throughout the field who have received more or less instruction in reading during the year, is reported as sixty-five, — not quite so many as during the last three years. The absence of Miss Closson has thrown much heavy work among women upon Mrs. Giles, and the other ladies of the station. “ No other year,’’ says the Cesarea report, “ has witnessed such great progress in this part of our work as the one now reported. With the exception of Eoomdijin, Mrs. Giles has visited every out-statiou, and the work that she everywhere found ready to her hand was en­ couraging. Up to December 31, we employed but two Bible-read- ers; since that time, one more has been employed in the city and two in Talas, and the amount of work that presses upon them, and upon all those laboring especially for the women, is very great...... It is a pleasant fact, that people who are in sorrow and affliction often call our Bible-readers, and ask them to read and talk to them of Jesus and his wonderful love. This is not done by the poor merely, but by the rich and honorable. ” The school for girls in Sivas, under the superintendence of Miss Flavia S. Bliss, has had four boarders during the year, two of whom are now ready for Marsovan Female Seminary. In view of this evident growth of woman's work, and the value of educated'female laborers, the Constantinople station remarks: W e should be glad to employ several others immediately. It may be that the problem of how to reach many of the small villages of this field will be solved in this way.” In keeping with the needs and increased light on this subject, the number of pupils in the several girls’ boarding-schools of this mission has increased during the year 1875.1 WESTERN TURKEY. 21 from 84 to 147 — over 77 per cent. The increase of missionary zeal among women at home is rapidly producing its legitimate effects abroad.

STATIONS AND OUT-STATIONS. — GENERAL WORK. In the western division of the field, the work is reported as, on the whole, encouraging, notwithstanding certain drawbacks. The religious work in Constantinople and its out-stations has a hopeful aspect. The Langa church has improved spiritually, under the ministrations of a student in Robert College, whom they have paid, and whom they have called to be their pastor. A colporter supported by the Harpoot station, has done good work. Sabbath evening meetings have been held by him and Mr. Hitchcock, in the Vezier Khan, with an average attendance of about thirty persons. A Bible-class in the Turkish language has been held by Mr. Herrick and Pastor Avedis, every Sabbath, on the premises of the Bible House, with an attendance o f from thirty to fifty. From thirty to fifty also worship in Pera, without aid from the mission. Mr. Hitchcock and Prof. Ilagopos have maintained services at Haskeuy. “ The congregation has somewhat increased, but is very small, affording a striking illustration of the truth that a handsome house of worship, and even attractive preaching, are not of themselves sufficient to the prosperity of a spiritual work.” In Scutari, Pastor Garabed Ka- prilian has labored faithfully ; and there is much hope of a solid and good work in that important section of the city. The mission has no relations to the church and people of Adabazar, but those of friendly intercourse with Christian brethren. “ With aid from England and Scotland, a new iron church edifice is, being brought out from England, which is expected to accommodate six or seven hundred people. The community is progressing also with its projected school, which is yet in its incipient stage.” A t Manissa, attendance on both the preaching service and Sab- bath-school has been gratifying, ranging from sixty to seventy at each; and the prayer-meetings have improved greatly. Twelve have been added to the church during the year. The brethren say: “ The spirit of inquiry and discussion, which had arisen among the Greeks, as reported a year ago, has been on the increase, and many whom we do not yet reckon in our number, openly express their dissatis­ faction with the foolish teachings and evil practices of their own churches.” The schools, however, are not flourishing, and have given the missionaries much anxiety. Nothing specially hopeful is reported from Smyrna. A very pleasant reviving of interest is re­ ported from Ak Hissar. In Aidin the nucleus is small but good. 22 WESTERN TURKEY. [Hej.ort,

There are encouraging statements from Afion Kara Hissar, the peo­ ple, as in Aidin, desiring a pastor. The need is deeply felt, in this part of the field, of “ Greek helpers, both as teachers and preachers; men who shall understand thoroughly both the Greek and the Turk­ ish languages.” The church at Broosa has continued to enjoy a good degree of prosperity. It now numbers 89 ; and the Sabbath congregations average 220. A troublesome and heavy debt has been liquidated, and the people hope soon to be able to enlarge their church. A building has been erected by the Normal School Society, forty feet by sixty, two stories high, which they hope soon to occupy, despite opposition. The school has been already commenced in other quar­ ters, with eight students, six of whom are preparing for the Marso- van Theological Seminary. Of the sixteen out-stations, Angora and Istanos have especially suffered from the famine, yet they have not asked for help, and are hopefully waiting for a pastor from the Mar- sovan Seminary. The three eastern stations of Marsovan, Cesarea, and Sivas, have all been affected by the famine, — the first two especially. Much of the time of the missionaries has been taken up in caring for the distressed multitudes who have swarmed upon them, and it has been sometimes an almost unendurable strain upon their nervous life. They have the satisfaction, however, of having largely relieved physical suffering, and of having given a practical illustration of Christian philanthropy, which cannot but have a happy influence on the Mohammedan masses of that region. In consequence of the famine, the sales of books have been much less than last year — in Cesarea one half less; and the people have not been able to do as much as usual in the support of gospel work. One or two of the out-stations, which were entirely self supporting, have been so crippled as to need temporary assistance. The Cesa­ rea report says; “ While we regret a retrogade movement in such an important matter, the necessity is absolute.” Yet even in the places most affected by the famine it is pleasant to see that some­ thing has been done. The attendance on the gospel services has increased, and the churches and the Protestant communities have on the whole in­ creased also. The growth in the Protestant community connected with the Cesarea station was 141, making the aggregate, in Decem­ ber, 1874, 1,502; — a larger increase than in any previous year, with one exception. In Sivas the Protestant community increased from 497 to 627; and the church members from 37 to 45. In Mar­ sovan, while the reported number of the community is considerably [875.] WESTERN TURKEY. 23 reduced, the increase of church membership has been 29. The Cesarea brethren say : “ No year since the station was first occupied, in 1854, has shown greater progress, and we doubt not the work is to go on with increased power. Never was the call for teachcrs, preachers, and books so frequent, and from so many new places, as now.” The Sivas report states : “ The work in this city, though it still shows anomalies, and discouraging features, is on the whole in a very encouraging condition.” The church in Gurun, where one of the two pastors of the Sivas field is settled, is in a healthful and hopeful state; and there are hopeful signs at Tocat, — in amelio­ rated feelings, and a revived state of the church. In Maisovan and its out-stations the work is reported as " more interesting than ever before. It is ever opening before us. We begin to feel very sen­ sibly, what we have heard of, that missionaries may be crushed by their success. Our prayer is no longer for open doors, but for strength to enter those which are opened.” Important statistics are given in the following tables; but it should be stated that the figures in the tabular view sent by the mission, from which these tables are prepared, do not accord in all cases with statements made in the station reports.

NATIVE HELPERS, CHURCHES, AND CONGREGATIONS.

CONGREGATION'S AND N a t i v e H e l p e r s . C h u h c h e s . S a b b a t h - s c i i o o l s .

S t a t i o n s .

v.o [ © “j=, i «S u h - <_ 4> rS I O ■fi ? è i ^ i è

Constantinople. . . . 6 : 375 100 Eight out-stations . . 16 208 440 170 M a n i l a ...... 4 11 12 70 70 Four out-stations . . 8 ¡1 3 ; 38 75 30 M a r s o v a u ...... 10 13-3 48G 480 Fifteen out-stations . 29 57 644 511 S i v a s ...... 4 100 110 ieven out-stations . . 13 45 520 4S5 ( '« « a r e a ...... 6 27 177 275 175 Thirteen out-stations . 23 | 3 3 93 805 070 Jironsu ...... 5 ¡i 1 4 89 220 180 Sixteen om-statious . 13 1 4 5 429 307

Totals 11 25 I 76 26 ¡187 II 23 I 94 ' 1,( 79 4,439 59 .3,268 24 CENTRAL TURKEY. {Report,

PROTESTANT COMMUNITY AND SCHOOLS.

73 a £ M O «fa « ■O » a s a SlATIO»S. 0) . ¿Lt Bj 3 .5 8 3 « „ ¿3 •< _© .gttÆ « 5fa o ■= g Whole Whole Number of Pupils. Whole Whole Number of istered Protestants. lleg~ Common Schools. Female Pupils. Whole Number of Pupils in Common Schools. Male Male Pupils. C-..S 1 1 Pupils in Theological 1 Schools and Clappes.

Constantinople...... 525 4 70 43 113 _ 41 _ 154 Nine out-stations...... 1,156 10 181 177 358 - 60 49 467 M anissa...... - 1 20 20 - 22 3 45 Three out-stations . . . . . 148 ------Mawovan ...... 420 2 140 90 230 8K 24 20 310 Fifteen out-stations ... . 600 16 228 104 332 7 - 30 369 Sivas ...... 104 3 45 65 110 - - - 110 Seven o u t -s ta tio n s ...... 523 8 165 41 206 - - - 206 Cesarea ...... 374 4 95 112 207 D - 10 222 Fourteen out-stations ...... 1,128 19 371 261 632 -_ 55 687 B r o o s a ...... 260 H 50 103 1H - - 119 Sixteen out-stations ...... 538 11 174 73 247 - -- 247

T otals...... 5,776 81 1,539 1,019 2,558 64 147 167 2,936

CENTRAL TURKEY MISSION.

A i n t a b . — Lucien H. Adams, Americus Fuller, Missionaries; Mrs. N. D. Adams, Mrs. Amelia 1). Fuller, Miss Corinna Shattuck. Two organized churches ; one pas­ tor; two licensed preachers ; eight teachers. Twenty out-stations, with sixteen or­ ganized churches, at Oorfa, Germesh, Adiaman, Birijih, Killis, Tarsus, Jibbm, Kes- sab, Antioch, Bitias, Aibez, Besne, Hassan Beily, Aleppo, Adana, and Severek; six pastors ; ten licensed preachers ; seventeen teachers. M a k a s h . — Giles F. Montgomery, Edward G. Bickford, Missionaries; Mrs. Emily R. Montgomery, Mrs. Harriet S. Bickford, Miss Mary S. Williams.' Four organized churches ; three pastors ; one preacher ; eleven teachers. Nine out-stations, with four organized churches ; two pastors / three licensed preachers ; twelve other helpers. In this Country. — T. C. Trowbridge, Henry Marden, H. T. Perry, Missionaries; David H. Nutting, M. D., Missionary Physician; Mrs. M. R. Trowbridge, Mrs. Jen­ nie H. Perry, Mrs. Mary E. Nutting. On their way to the Mission. — Mrs. J. L. Coffing, Miss Myra A. Proctor, Miss Mary G. Hollister, Miss Ellen M. Pierce, Miss Charlotte I). Spencer. 2 stations; 29 out-stations ; 26 organized churches ; 8 missionaries ; 1 physician ; 14 female assistant missionaries; 19 ordained native ministers; 19 licensed preachers; 50 teachers : 8 other helpers. (N. B. — The statistical returns from this mission are imperfect, in consequence of which the figures last year reported have in several instances been taken.)

Mr. Crane has felt constrained to return to this country, after a short resumption of missionary life, and has been released from his connection with the Board. Mrs. Perry’s health is so far restored that her physician thinks she may return to Marash, which she hopes to do soon, with her husband. Mrs. Coffing, Miss Proctor, 1875.] CENTRAL TURKEY. 25 and Miss Hollister have recently returned to the mission, accompan­ ied by Miss Spencer. Mrs. Marden departed this life in October under a very afflictive providence, leaving two children, one an in­ fant. Miss Pierce very kindly devoted herself much to the care of the motherless children, and returned to the United States with Mr. Marden to care for them, arriving early in July ; but sailed again for her missionary work on the 7th of August. Dr. Nutting has left the mission, in consequence of long continued poor health, and is on his way to this country, not expecting to return to Turkey.

SI Alt ASH STATION AND ODT-STATIONS. Connected with the Marash station there are “ nine churches, of which the four in the city of Marash are self-supporting. Those also o f Hadjin and Albustan are one half, and those o f Fundajak and Zeitoon are one third self supporting. There are also Protestant congregations in the large towns of Sis and Tcirpuz, and in the large villages of Ajemli, Noorpet, Pazar, Yerebahan, and Shar. In addition to these, there are more than thirty Armenian villages, having an aggregate population of not less than 1,500 houses, in which the gospel has gained as yet no permanent foothold. In this field, there have been employed during the year six pastors, three licensed and four student preachers, and quite a force of school­ teachers.” In the out-station of Hadjin an interesting conversion is reported — of a Koordish Mohammedan — “ an illustration of the remarkable way in which the Lord is calling here and there one from the Mo­ hammedan population to show forth, by faith in his Son, the power of the gospel.” He openly united with the Church, and boldly testi­ fied to his faith in Christ, even when threatened with violence. The station report further says: “ While we take courage in the hope that the Lord is working with and in us, making us to do his will, we remember the thousands of this field who are yet in the darkness of spiritual death. The faith of both the Turks and the Armenians, in their old religion, is slowly breaking up; but how few are those who are prepared to meet the mighty march eastward of European infidelity and irreligion.” The six churches connected with Marash and its out-stations num­ ber 914 members, 196 of whom were added during 1874. The Protestant community numbers 3,413, and the average congrega­ tions, 2,293; the children in Sabbath-schools, 1,915. The total of contributions during the year was $3,729. 26 CENTRAL TURKEY. [Report,

AINTAB STATION AND OUT-STATIOXS. The field cared for from Aintab is an irregular triangle, stretch­ ing from Tarsus, in Cilicia, to Severek, in Mesopotamia, thence southwest to Aleppo, Kessab, and Antioch ; — a distance from east to west of over 350 miles, and of about 130 miles from north to south. In Aintab itself there are two self-supporting churches, with a membership of about 550. Unusual harmony is reported as exist­ ing among the congregations and churches. “ Efforts during the year to awaken members of the churches to renewed consecration and activity, revealed unanticipated sensitiveness to duty.” The day- schools supported by the Protestants contain 336 pupils. At the out-station Birijik, the work has a better aspect than last year, “ The congregation numbers seventy-five as an average, and the total enrolment of the Protestants is seventy-five, a fact that is a good omen for the future.” About twenty-five persons attend service at Jibbin ; an average congregation of 320 attend at Oorfa, and there are 120 pupils in the schools there. The Syrians attending evangel­ ical services in Oorfa, number sixty-five, with much hope of large additions. In Severek there is a good degree of religious interest, the average congregation numbering nearly 100. The work in Ger- mesh is reported as not at all satisfactory; and in Adiaman there is difficulty, though the congregation numbers 125, and the two schools sixty pupils ; while in Besne there are favorable results, the congre­ gation numbering forty, and the school twenty. “ Aleppo is no ex­ ception to the lack of spiritual interest manifested by all the large cities of Turkey,” but Mr. Marden testifies to a beginning of better things in that place. The work there, among a Christian population of 40,000, is said to be far eclipsed by that in some mountain vil­ lages. Nothing special is reported from Aibez. Hassan Beily, with its Protestant community of 130, is spoken of as one of the most hopeful places in the field. The church at Adana is supplied by a theological student, and has an attendance of 230. At Tarsus the congregation numbers sixty, and the school twenty-five, although the famine is reported as having scattered the population in every direc­ tion. A new work is opening at Beilan, where there are forty-one Protestants, notwithstanding the fear of the hostile government. A slight gain is reported in the work at Antioch, due in part to an ex­ tremely unjust imprisonment of the pastor and two brethren. In Bitias, persecution, instigated by an Armenian priest, vented itself in an assault upon the preacher’s house. “ The usual results followed; two Armenians and their families have become Protes­ 1875.] CENTRAL TURKEY. 27 tants, and old feuds have disappeared. The community numbers 115, the school, twenty-eight pupils.” There are twenty-five Prot­ estants at Yorgoonolook, who have been without a preacher for eight months. At Kessab there have been twenty admissions to the church during the year, making a total of 230; the Protestant com­ munity numbers 1,126, and there are congregations in four of the neighboring villages, so that this out-station presents a wide and varied field for missionary work. The following statistics are reported from Aintab, with its twenty out-stations : Total of church members, 1,441 ; added during the year, 112; Protestant community, 4,884; average congregations, 2,788; children in Sabbath-schools, 1,144; total of contributions by the people, about $3,184.

THEOLOGICAL SEMINAUY AND COLLEGE. The Theological Seminary at Marash called its two classes together on the 7th of October. 1874, the first after an absence of fifteen, the second after an absence of three months. Twelve returned of the first class, eleven of the second. Three good scholars of the first class, being considered too young to continue at once their theological course, are employed as teachers, and will complete their theological studies at some future time. In accordance with a vote of the mis­ sion in 1871, the study o f Hebrew has this year been introduced as a prize attainable by those who have made the best attainments in the English and old Armenian languages, and who have acquired English enough to use the Hebrew Grammar and Lexicon in Eng­ lish, without a translation. The class of four, thus organized, are re­ ported as having made such progress as to demonstrate, beyond a doubt, not only their capacity easily to acquire the Hebrew, but their zeal also in reducing their knowledge o f it to a practical use. Efforts, thus far unsuccessful, have been made to get permission for the erection of much needed buildings for the school, on a commanding situation. Down to the last reports, the permission had been promised, delayed, and finally refused ; but the brethren write that they hope yet to secure the permission, which they ought to have received months ago. In view of the establishment of the college at Aintab, the scientific department of the seminary is here­ after to be discontinued, and the theological course is to be extended to four years. The preparatory department of the Central Turkey College has been opened under the care of Prof. Alexander H. Bezjian, with a class of fifteen. Prof. H. Lee Norris, Jr., of the medical depart­ ment, spent the winter in Aintab, practicing medicine, studying the 28 CENTRAL TURKEY. [Report,

Turkish language, and making preparations for the future of that department. Eev. T. C. Trowbridge has spent the year in this country, raising funds for the general interests of the college, and for the endowment of several professorships. A favorable site in the western suburbs of the city, donated by Taha Effendi, a wealthy Moslem, is being prepared for the first college building, under the direction of Rev. L. H. Adams.

THE FEMALE SEMINARIES. The home at Marash has, during the year, been under the care of Miss Williams. Twenty-one boarders have been connected with the institution, all of them from the out-stations. Miss Williams reports: Five of these girls are here for the first time this year, and with our two native teachers we are a very happy family. Although there has been no special time of awakening with us, we have counted the steady growth in spiritual life of each of those who had professed Christ as an unspeakably precious blessing. We have been con­ scious of an unusual endeavor on their part to make their daily lives correspond to that of the great teacher. In this respect we notice a marked change from last year, when their Christian lives were more as if assumed for special occasions. Two, we hope, have been added to the number of converted ones. All the others are faith­ ful, obedient girls. The inmates of the home attend1 the city schools, in their different grades. The higher grade was, by a plan made last year, commenced for both boys and girls together, with a male teacher. This plan failing in February, we consented to take the girls under our charge.” Tiie seminary at Aintab, in the absence of Miss Proctor, has had a prosperous year under Miss Shattuck's laborious care.

THE PAST AND THE PRESENT PROGRESS. In no part of the Turkish field is there more satisfactory growth from the “ day of small things.” Thirty years ago, Mr, Thomson, of the Syria Mission, while at Aleppo, received a communication from individuals in Aintab, which place he did not deem it prudent to visit, saying, “ W e are the fish in the great sea, and wait for you to spread the gospel net for us.” In the words of Mr. Crane, “ In Central Turkey alone there are now no less than twenty-six organ­ ized churches, with some 2,500 members, and audiences amounting in the aggregate to 5,000 or 6,000 steady attendants.” Mr. Perry, of this mission, now in this country, states that the additions to the churches in 1874, as reported to the Evangelical Union, were 220, and that the contributions for the year, of the 1875.] EASTERN TURKEY. 29 twenty-six churches, amounted to more than $10,000. This sum, considering the price of labor there, is equivalent to at least $50,000 in the United States.

' EASTERN TURKEY MISSION.

H a r p o o t . — Orson P. Allen, H . N. Barnum, D. D., Missionaries; Mrs. Caroline R. Allen, Mrs. Mary E. Barnum, Miss Harriet Seymour, Miss Caroline E. Bush. — One organized church; one native pastor; eight teachers. Seventy-one out-stations, with twenty organized churches,— at Arablcir, Aghun, Choonkoosh, DiarbeL'ir, Divrik, Geghi, Haboosi, Haini, Iloghi, Hooeli, Hulakegh, Hvsenik, Jchme, Malatiay Marftkir, Mezereh, Percheng, Medwan, Palu, and Shepik ; thirteen pastors; twenty-three licensed preachers; forty-nine school-teachers; thirty-four other helpers.

E r z r o o m . — M. P. Parmelee, M. D., John E . Pierce, Missionaries; Mrs. Julia F. Parmelee, Mrs. Lizzie A. Pierce, Miss Cvrene O. Van Duzee, Miss Mary M. Patrick. — One organized church; one preacher; two teachers; one other helper. Fourteen out-stations, with two organized churches, — at Trebizond and Chevermeh; one pas­ tor; three preachers; fifteen teachers; two other helpers. V an. — Henry S. Barnum, George C. Raynolds, M. D., Joseph E. Scott, Missionaries: Mrs. Helen P. Barnum, Mrs. Martha E. Raynolds, Mrs. Annie E. Scott. — Resident in Bitlis, but members of Van station. — George C. Knapp, Missionary ; Mrs. Alzina M. Knapp, Miss Charlotte E.Elv, Miss Mary A. C. Ely. — One teacher; three other helpers. Thirteen out-stations, with two organized churches, — at Bitlis and IlavadoHk; one pastor; one licensed preacher; fourteen school-teachers; and eleven other helpers. M ardin. — N. H. Bell, Missionary; Daniel M. B. Thom, M. D., Physician; Mrs. Emily H. Bell, Mrs. L. H. Thom, Miss Sarah E. Sears. — One organized church; two teachers; one other helper. Thirteen out-stations, with three churches, — at Mosul, Sert} Kuttcrbul; two pastors; two licensed preachers; four school-teachers; eleven other helpers. On the way to Turkey. — John K. Browne, Missionary. In this Country. — Crosby H. Wheeler, Alpheus N. Andrus, Royal M. Cole, Mis­ sionaries; Mrs. Susan A. Wheeler, Mrs. Lizzie Cole, Mrs. Kate P. Williams, Miss Olive L. Parmelee. 4 stations: 114 out-stations; 30 organized churches ; 13 missionaries, two of them physicians; one other physician; 21 female assistant missionaries; 19 pastors; 30 preachcrs ; 95 teachers; 63 other helpers.

Mr. Andrus, Miss Parmelee, Mr. and Mrs. Cole, and Mr. and Mrs. Wheeler, have been obliged to leave their work on account of impaired health, but all are hoping to be able to return again to their chosen fields, after a period of rest. Dr. and Mrs. Thom ar­ rived at Mardin on the 14th of November, 1874. Mr. Browne sailed on the 18th o f September last. The usual annual meeting of the mission was held in Harpoot, which none of the brethren from Erzroom were able to attend, in consequence of the late continuance of snow in the mountain passes. The meeting is spoken of as unusually delightful. All the measures adopted were unanimously approved by those in attendance upon the sessions. In view of the disposition on the part of some who have been 30 EASTERN TURKEY. [Re.porl, disaffected to “ seek more cordial relations,” the mission addressed a circular letter to all the churches within its bounds, expressing love and sympathy, urging them to peace among themselves, and to consider the work among them as primarily their own, and ex­ horting to united prayer and effort for a reviving of religion which should extend to all the population. Regarding the year last re­ ported, it was said : “ In many places there have been peculiar dis­ couragements in connection with our work; but we trust that the Lord is soon to overrule these, and all our trials, for the advance­ ment of his own kingdom.” The number of pastors has been reduced from twenty-three to nineteen, and the whole number of helpers from 229 to 214; while those in a course of preparation have increased from sixty-four to ninety-seven. In consequence of advanced prices of the necessa­ ries of life, due to the famine in Western Turkey, the contributions have fallen from $8,778 to $6,369. This has been chiefly in the column of general benevolence, indicating that while preachers and teachers have been supported about as before, chapel building and similar enterprises have been deferred. The number under instruc­ tion has fallen from 4,787 to 4,154, and the attendance on worship from 5,848 to 5,746. The church membership has increased 106, making the present total 1,567, and the Protestant community has advanced from 7,451 to 8,256. Mr. Parmelee, as clerk of the mis­ sion, writes in view of the above figures: “ We are therefore en­ couraged to believe that the Lord has been with us, blessing our labors, spreading the light of his truth, and leading souls to himself. But oh, how we long to see a Pentecostal season, that shall stir to the lowest depths every part of our field.”

HAKPOOT. The station report for 1874, first notices the obstructions to the work. The earthquakes in Ilaboosi, Sarukamush, Alusham, and Shukaji, have retarded the progress of support. The church in Haboosi was indeed self-supporting, but is now in need of aid. “ Wine-drinking has been increasing for several years in some of the Protestant communities, and occasions serious apprehension for the future.” The spirit of covetousness is mentioned as having greatly hindered the work in some congregations. “ The agitation begun at Diarbekir, two years ago, in regard to baptizing children of non-church members, has been less the past year than during the year previous.” Notwithstanding these “ darker shadows,” the brethren say: " We are confident that God’s Spirit has been with us, and helped us to 1875.] EASTERN TURKEY. 31 labor on in hope.” Though divisions still exist, in Haini, Divrik, and Arabldr, which originated in the dissatisfaction of some mem­ bers with the pastors, the influences of the Spirit have been manifest in the healing of divisions in Harpoot, Hulakegh, Mezereh, and Palu. The number of places occupied during the year, in this station field, was seventy-two, with Sabbath congregations numbering about 5.000. The whole number reckoned as Protestants is a little over 6.000. For this religious community there are 128 native laborers, fourteen of whom are pastors, and twenty-two licensed preachers. “ The amount paid by the people for the support of these laborers, and for benevolent purposes, is $4,970 in gold. During a year of earthquakes, short crops, and depression in trade, the amount given by the people is an indication that the work is taking deep root.” “ The formation of new churches,” says the report, “ has been hindered by the position taken by some pastors, that a new church should not be organized until the people are able wholly to support the pastor...... Eight churches have fto pastor, seven have lost their pastors by death or by removal, — but not all within the year under review. The settlement of other pastors over these churches has not been favored by leading pastors, but rather discouraged.” The number received to the twenty-two churches of the Harpoot field during the year, on profession of faith, is eighty, making the total membership 1,188, — 754 of whom are males, and 434 females. A letter from Mr. H. N. Barnum, dated at Diarbekir, July 19, and received after this report was written, makes the pleasant an­ nouncement that the painful division which had existed for two years at that place had just been healed. Pastor Thomas, of Diar­ bekir, as well as Pastor Marderos, of Harpoot, nobly exerted them­ selves in connection with Mr. Barnum, to bring about a reunion the leading members of the church also manifested a conciliatory spirit, separate meetings for prayer were held in each congregation on Friday evening and union prayer meetings Saturday morning and evening, and at the close of the last of these, the union was per­ fected, — apparently “ complete, genuine, hearty.” All seemed “ dis­ posed to bury the memory of every harsh word and heart-burning in a grave so deep that it could have no resurrection.”

EDUCATION IN HARPOOT. There are eighty-two common schools in this field, containing 1,709 boys and 722 girls, and the adults under instruction number 244. “ There is,” says the report, “ without doubt, a growing inter­ est in popular education, though it would be quite wide of the truth to say that it is generally appreciated in any proper proportion to 32 BASTEEN TURKEY. [Report, its value and importance Still there is some advance. This is most apparent in Harpoot, Arahkir, Egin, Malatia, and other large places. The Armenians are also doing more and more every year for popular education.” The Normal School continues to prosper, and “ is gradually rais­ ing the standard of education, and directing the attention of leading men, Armenians as well as Protestants, to the importance of having better teachers and better schools. The school numbered fifty-seven scholars during 1874,of whom thirty-two supported themselves, some paying tuition besides.” A well adapted school building hasjustbeen erected, which will, it is hoped, suffice for the interests of the higher secular education of that region for some time to come. The Theological Seminary had but one class during 1874, num­ bering fourteen students, no candidates having applied in the spring to form the usual new class. During the summer, ten of the class sent in a letter, complaining of their allowance as inadequate, accom­ panied by an intimation that they would leave the work unless it should be increased.” Opportunity was given them to return, which they refused to do, in accordance with an agreement among them­ selves that they would not unless their request was granted. The school was consequently closed: but “ some of them now confess that they took a wrong course, and desire to return.” The seminary has completed its fifteenth year, having been es­ tablished in 1859, while the Harpoot field was still a part of the Northern Armenian Mission. One hundred and twenty-one pupils have been connected with it, one hundred and twelve of whom were from the Harpoot field — including Arabkir and Diarbekir, one from Mardin, three from Erzroom, and five from Bitlis. Fourteen have died, four while members of the school. Twenty-six, who were members of the school for periods varying from three to fourteen months, are not now in service. Sixty-seven are at work in the Harpoot and other fields, and many of those now unemployed did a good amount of work while they were engaged. The graduates of the seminary number sixty-seven, of whom ten are deceased, four­ teen have for various reasons left the work, while thirty-two are preachers, and twelve are pastors.

ERZROOM, VAN, AND BITLIS. A t Erzroom the work is carried on under difficulties, but not without encouragements. No station report has been received this year, but from the general tabular view it appears that there are ten pupils in the station theological class. The native brethren are a good deal disheartened by the evidence of “ the intention of the 1875.] EASTERN TURKEY. 33 government not to afford tlie same rights and privileges to Protes­ tants which are granted to other communities.” The female semi­ nary has had, during the year past, eighteen pupils, and the new term opened in June, 1875, with nineteen, — five married women, seven boarders, and seven from the city. Miss Van Duzee writes: “ We enjoy our school this year more than ever, and it seems to us that nearly all the scholars are making excellent progress.” In Ordo the people are reported as “ wide awake,” and trying to build a chapel, “ the women, a rare thing in this country, collecting for this object.” At Trebizond, matters are far less encouraging.” In Van, a third chapel has been opened with an encouraging at­ tendance. Women have begun to attend the regular services. The Protestant community has increased about fifty per cent, and oppo­ sition is evidently giving way. A school has been opened with four­ teen pupils, and a part of the preacher’s salary has been assumed by the brethren. In Bitlis there has been no marked change, though the contributions have increased from $224 to $385, and nine­ teen have been received to the church, against ten last year. Two new chapels have been opened, making in all “ four different congrega­ tions where the truth is preached every Sabbath.” The training class numbers thirteen, “ with whom a few of the more promising lads of the Protestant community were allowed to study, without expense to the Board.” Twenty girls are connected with the seminary, six of whom became hopefully pious early in the year, and are leading consistent and useful lives. The work is reported as increasingly hopeful in Moosh, Havadorick, Aghagh, and Kooltig. In the whole field the number under instruction has been from 360 to 493, the Protestant community and aggregate congregations, numbering re­ spectively 677 and 602, are also quite an advance upon the previous year. M A R I) IN .

The church at this place has suffered much during the year from dissension and enmity, but God has appeared “ to care for his peo­ ple, and to bring the scattered elements into more perfect and har­ monious union than before.” The congregation has so increased that the house of worship, though uncomfortable in the extreme, is crowded to overflowing, and the brethren are making strenuous efforts to build anew. The schools of the community have outgrown their quarters in the chapel, and it is proposed to form a school which will give advantages for a better education than the present system affords, and which will in time exert a great influence on other sects, and become also an important auxiliary to the training school. There are ten students in the station theological class, three 3 34 MAHRATTA MISSION. [Report,

of whom pay their own expenses, and twenty women and girls in the female seminary. Of the out-stations, the church at Mosul is reported as enjoying more than usual prosperity and harmony; its schools, also, are in a flourishing condition. “ Sert preserves its special boon of mutual love, union, and zeal.” In Kutterbul and Midyat matters are not especially encouraging, but there is no reason for final despondency. The station report says : “ In some places the priests have risen against us, and stirred up the people, but there is reason to hope that the opposition to the truth will only serve to awaken a desire and longing on the part of some to find the true and living way. On the whole we feel that the cheering signs are more than usual and we thank God and take courage.” The following table presents the most important statistics of the mission. MISSION SCHOOLS AND CHOKCHE-

C h u e c h e s .

o s JS © £ 'te ? © 1 Ö D ™ au Ü C* s 13 o 'S B S t a t i o n s a n d -C ^ 5 © ^ Ü ai t* JS Cm g 6^*5 o 13 V O ü TSTATIONS. £. 5 VJ o Ü? 55 o I* ¿c • □ II u .2 .c £ ! • © Ä o> — s : ! a a. a © a I f 2 § a

Erzroom . . . 10 _ 1 18 2 75 3 10G 1 2 25 Seventeen out-Bta- tioos .... -- - - 14 336 28 ; 359 53 03 Ilarpoot . . . 17 57 1 04 4 195 20 ; 323 12 145 239 Seventy-one out- statioos . . . --- 45 2,260 224 2,490 55 1,043 1,293 Mardin . . . . - 1 20 2 60 - : 80 50 60 Thirteen out-sta­ tions .... ---- 15 238 323 3 - 97 34 V a n ...... - ~ 1 14 19 Thirteen out-sta­ tions .... IB _ - 16 368 453 2 37 154 16

40 57 3 72 99 3,582 432 4,153 30 106 1,507 1,888

MAHRATTA MISSION.

B o m b a y . — Charles Harding, Charles W . Park, Missionaries ; Mrs. Elizabeth D. Harding, Mrs. Anna Maria Park, Miss Sarah P. Norris, M. D., Miss Harriet S- A shley.— One organized church; one native pastor; one preacher; one editor of “ Dnyanodaya; ” o n e teacher. Two out-stationB, under Mr. Park’s care, in the East­ ern Districts, with two teachers, and one Bible-reader.

A h m e d n u g g u r . — Samuel B. Fairbank, Lemuel Bissell, D. D., Missionaries ; Mrs. Mary B. Fairbank, Mrs. Mary E. Bissell, Miss Martha A. Anderson. — One organized church ; one pastor; one preacher; two male and three female teachers; two Bible-read- 1875.J MAHRATTA MISSION. 35 era; three Bible-women. Thirty-two out-stations, under Mr. Fairbank’s care, in the Northern Districts, with thirteen organized churches, — at Rahuri, Gehu, Wambori, Shingave, Satral, KhoJcar, Panchegav, Belapur, Chande, Dedgav, Sonai, jVewa.se; nine pastors; one preacher; twenty-two teachers; twelve Bible-readers; eight Bible- women. Eleven out-stations, under the care of Mr. Bissell, in the Southern and I West­ ern Districts, with two organized churches, — at Seroor, and Kolgav ; two pastors ; t wo preachers; six teachers; five Bible-readers; three Bible-women. Satara.— Richard Winsor, Missionary ; Mrs. Mary C. W insor.— One organized church ; one pastor. Four out-stations, with four teachers, and one Bible-reader. B h u i n j . — S. R. Wells, Missionary; Mrs. Mary L. Wells. — One organized church. One out-station, with two teachers, and two Bible-readers. SHOLArup.. — Wm. H. Atkinson, Missionary ; Mrs. Calista Atkinson. — One organ­ ized church; one pastor; two teachers; one Bible-reader. Station not known.— Robert A. Hume, Missionary ; William 0. Ballantine, M. D. Missionary Physician; Mrs. Abbie L. Hume, Mrs. Alice E. Ballantine. On the way out. — Henry J. Bruce, Edward S. Hume, Missionaries ; Mrs. Hepzi- beth P. Bruce, Mrs. Charlotte E. Hume. In this country. — Allen Hazen, D. D., Missionary ; Mrs. Martha R. Hazen. 5 stations; 51 out-stations; 22 organized churclies; 10 missionaries; 1 physician; 14 female assistant missionaries; 16 native pastors; 5 preachers; 1 editor; 41 male and 5 female teachers; 24 Bible-readers ; 14 Bible-women.

The Mahratta mission has been reinforced during the year by Dr. and Mrs. Ballantine; and by Mr. Edward Hume and wife, on their way out. Mr. Lorin S. Gates, and Miss Fanny Hazen, are also under appointment, and expect to sail in a few weeks ; and Mr. and Mrs. Hazen have hoped to receive their physician’s permission to return at the same time, to the work in which they have been so long engaged. The brothers Robert and Edward Hume, both now connected with this mission, are the sons of Rev. Robert W. Hume, formerly missionary at Bombay. Dr. Ballantine is the son of Rev. Henry Ballantine, formerly of Ahmednuggur. three of whose daughters — Mrs. Fairbatik, Sirs. Harding, and Mrs. Park — have for some lime been members of the Mahratta mission. Mrs. Robert Hume is the daughter of Rev. Kbenezer Burgess, formerly of this mission, and Mrs. Edward Hutne is the daughter of Rev. John E. Chandler of the Madura mission. Thus, connected with the Mahratta mission alone, there are eight children of missionaries, born in India, who have returned to take up the work of their parents ; and this num­ ber is to be still further increased by the addition of Miss Fanny Ha«zen, daughter o f Rev. Dr. Hazen, as Mrs. Gates.

CHURCHES, CHURCH WORK, AND TOURING. Mr. Harding, reporting the Bombay station, says : “ The earlier months of the year promised unusual success in our work ; the num­ ber of inquirers was greater than ever before, and it seemed as 8 6 MAHRATTA MISSION. [Report,

though we might soon have a large accession to the church. But these hopes were not realized, and many of those who promised so well have at present lost much of their interest.” Pastor Vishnu Bhaskar reports: “ The spiritual condition of the church is in gen­ eral good, but it cannot be said to excel in zeal and effort and holi­ ness, — the graces especially needed in this country.” Mr. Park writes, in regard to the Sholapur Eastern Districts, under his care, that in the early part of the year a church was formed at Dhotre, and that, on the whole, the year has witnessed growth and progress. Few fields, he thinks, have a stronger claim upon the mission than this, or appeal more loudly for wise and efficient labor ; and few pre­ sent a more gratifying prospect for good results. Mr. Bissell reports from Ahmednuggur : “ The increase of church members is chiefly from those in our schools, or in connection with Christian families. The results do not show that aggressive power in drawing from the ranks of the heathen which we desire to see ; yet we believe the spiritual strength of the Christian community is steadily increasing, and that in due time the hopes of many praying hearts will be more than realized in the multitudes, in this city and district, who shall be saved in Christ.” The Kolgav and Loni churches, in the Southern and Western Districts, under Mr. Bissell’s care, have both received additions during the year, but hopes regard­ ing some inquirers have not been realized. The Ahmednuggur Northern Districts, now under the care of Mr. Fairbank, were first entered for missionary work seventeen years ago, three years after Dr. Thompson, of the Deputation, first called that beautiful plain the “ Promised Land,” and kneeling on the highest of the southern hills, which he called “ Pisgah,” prayed “ th*at the Lord would give it all to his people.” There are now on this prairie-like expanse, thirteen churches, with a membership of 354; and 370 baptized children. Mr. and Mrs. Fairbank have lived as much as practicable in tents, for the superintendence of this field. During 1874, they were encamped 134 days, usually remaining in one encampment for a week. The meetings were well attended, and the audiences were usually serious and attentive, but Mr. Fair­ bank says, “ I have not been allowed my heart’s desire and prayer, in seeing my hearers repent and take Christ for their Saviour, and so find at once peace and salvation. This is my great sorrow. There are hundreds, perhaps thousands, in the valley of the Goda­ vari, who are intellectually convinced of the truth of Christianity.” Mr. Winsor, of Satara, writes : “ In the midst of a hard, dry, dis­ trustful people, a despised few need courage and grace, and we be­ lieve this courage and grace are given to a good degree. The la­ 1875.] MAHR ATT A MISSION. 37 bors of the preachers have been unceasing, but the harvest does not come*. Will God send the showers ? ” The church at Sholapur, in connection with which there are only twelve families, celebrated the first day of 1874 by the ordination and installation of a pastor, whom they promised to support, each member pledging a tenth of his in­ come. Mr. Atkinson writes : “ It is very satisfactory, after a year’s trial, that the church has fulfilled its promise, and the pastor is satis­ fied with his position and support.”

SCHOOLS. There were twenty-four common schools under Mr. Fairbank s care in 1874, whose teachers were supported by the mission. Eight were not kept up through the whole year, and at the close of the year there were twenty schools, with an average attendance of fif­ teen, making a total of 359 scholars, of whom fifty-six were girls, and eighty-three were baptized children. “ There is,” says Mr. Fair­ bank, “ a great and growing desire among the outside castes for the education of their children. Our schools have been better attended, and the scholars have made better progress during the year 1874 than ever before. The people o f other villages see this, and wish to share in the benefit Petitions come from all sides for mission school-masters. But the outside castes have been so long- and to so great an extent parasitic on the cultivators, that ideas of supporting their own institutions seem very strange to them. They subsist far more on what is given them than on what they produce themselves, and the connection between the services they must render and the perquisites they receive, is very indistinctly seen. It is very hard for them to come up to our rule, to take a fee of an anna a month from each scholar. Until lately, they thought the idea of their undertaking the entire support of the schools they wished for, uto­ pian and impracticable. But six schools have been commenced during the past year, which I have aided only to the extent of sup­ plying the needed books and slates. The teachers have boarded around, and have collected what fees they could to provide them­ selves with clothing. These six schools were all among the Ma- hars. Five of them survived to the end of the year, and at least two seem vigorous.” These self-supported schools show a list of 110 scholars. “ The two station schools at Ahmednuggur have remained through the year in a high state of efficiency. One contains twenty-one pupils, the other forty-five. Mrs. Fairbank teaches an hour a day in these schools alternately, when in Ahmednuggur. The boys work under the direction of the teachers, an hour daily, and so keep the 8 8 MAHRATTA MISSION. [Report, premises in nice order.” Seventeen boys from the Godavari valley attend the normal school, under the auspices of the Christian Ver­ nacular Education Society ; and Mr. Fairbank ascribes the efficiency of the common schools under his own care to the training the teach­ ers have received in that institution. The girls’ school, at Ahniednuggur, has been alternately under the care of Miss Ashley and Mrs. Bissell. Dr. Bissell writes: “ The superintendence of this school includes not only charge of the teach­ ing, but also arrangements for the board of the pupils in Christian families, and often the care of them when sick. Although there has been no marked religious interest in the school, great improvement is manifest in the conduct of several of the pupils.” Nine have been received to the church during the year. The daily attend­ ance has averaged between ninety and a hundred, only half of whom receive support from the mission, though all receive, twice a year, a small gift of clothing to keep them more decent in appearance. “ No theological class has been assembled the past year, nor is it proposed to form one in the coming year ; but the mission has taken action looking to arrangements for making the instruction of such a class a permanent part of their operations.”

w o m a n ’ s WORK MEDICAL WORK. Mrs. Harding has continued her visiting of native ladies at their homes, in which she was for some months assisted by Miss Ashley, of Ahmedmiggur. “ In nearly all places they have met with a very kind reception, and in a few cases they have found hearts yearning after spiritual light and life.” Seven different Bible-women have been employed by Mrs. Bis­ sell,— at Ahniednuggur, Mandogan, and Loni. She says of them : l£ The Bible-women have visited twenty-five or more villages around Ahniednuggur. When making such visits they usually have three or four sittings in different parts of the village. Sometimes a friendly palil will collect the women, and tell them to listen. The character of their message is so well known that they seldom meet anything but respectful treatment.” Miss S. F. Norris, M. D., reports for 1874: The results of the medical work of the past year are very encouraging. A foot-hold has been gained in many houses that would otherwise have been inaccessible, and it is hoped that the friendly relations established may be productive of much good. Although no public dispensary has been opened, medicine has been dispensed to about one thou­ sand women and children, and two hundred have been treated at their houses. Medicine has been given to all who were not able to 1875.] MAHRATTA MISSION. 39 pay for it. yet enough has been received in fees to meet the current expenses.'’ PUBLICATIONS AND COLPORTAGE. Mr. Harding has “ carried several books through the press, during the year. The most useful of these will doubtless be a book of Hymns and Tunes for children, in Marathi, arranged by Mrs. Bissell of Ahmednuggur. Some of these hymns, prepared by Rev. Mr. Ballantine, have been published before. Others, to the number of fifty, have been recently translated by Mrs. Bissell, and a few by Mr. Fairbank.” Mr. Fairbank reports regarding colportage in his field, that it is “ hard and unsatisfactory work. Often the colporter goes from vil­ lage to village for a week without selling a tract. But I have kept on with these efforts, because it is very desirable that tracts and Scriptures be distributed, and that they be distributed by sale among the villages.” RITUALISM. The mission again refers, as in the two previous years, to the intrusion of ritualistic Episcopalians, under Bishop Douglass. They say: ‘‘ The operations of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, in the Ahmednuggur district, are still continued. They are of the same nature as described in our reports for the past two years. In addition to other of our out-stations, they have sent their agents to Rahuri and Ivhedle, where ordained pastors of our churches have resided and labored for years. The evil results of this course are manifest in many places. If we could believe that the gospel in its purity is preached by these agents, and that the men who are hur­ ried to the baptismal font are in any true sense renewed in heart and life, we might overlook the discourtesy of this intrusion, and say, with Paul, ‘ Notwithstanding, every way, whether in pretense or in truth, Christ is preached, and I therein do rejoice.’ But when ritualism and the sacraments are made to take the place of Christ and his salvation, we feel that there is more cause for sadness than rejoicing.” N E E D S o r T H E F IE L D . The mission sends a strong appeal for, at the least, six more men, saying that if they dared to hope they could be obtained, they would ask for more. After a detailed statement of the needs of the sev­ eral stations and departments of labor, a committee on the subject write: “ A revolution is in progress among these mixed races. As light breaks in and the darkness recedes, the Hindoo mind awakes to its true condition. Now is the critical time — the transition period. Shall the transition be from gross Polytheism to a barren 40 MADURA MISSION. [ Report,

Deism and blank Atheism P Or shall it be into light and truth, — the liberty wherewith Christ makes free ? The people are begin­ ning to tire of the husks of idolatry on which a hundred generations have been starving, and would fain turn to something better, but they know not the ivay. They need guides to take them by the hand and say, ‘ Yonder is your Father’s house.’ Great opportuni­ ties are before the Church of Christ. Shall we, on our part, im­ prove them? Shall we yo forward and occupy these inviting fields in the name of our Master? We cannot believe that the churches we represent are unable or unwilling to sustain us. But we fear they do not realize the magnitude or urgency of the work. Would that we could set it before them clearly, that of the twelve or thir­ teen millions of people in the Marathi country, at least four millions have no means of knowing Christ, but those which we offer them. A population equal to one tenth of the whole people of the United States is here looking to the churches which support the American Board for the gospel of life and salvation.”

MADURA MISSION.

M a d u r a . — John Rendall, Missionary ; Miss Mary E. Rendall, Miss Elizabeth Sis­ son.— Four organized churches; two native pastors; fifteen school-masters; six school-mist riisses. DiNDicrL. — Edward Chester, M. D.t Missionary; Mrs. Sophia Chester. — Two organized churches; one native pastor; eleven catechists; three readers; twenty-seven school-masters; four school-mistresses.

T irumasgalam . — James Herrick, Missionary. — Two organized churches; one native pastor; thirteen catechists; one reader; eleven school-masters; on'e school­ mistress.

T i r u p u v a n a m . — William Tracy, D. D., Missionary; Mrs. Emily F. Tracy. — Six catechists; six school-masters; two school-mistresses.

M axdapasalai . — William S. Howland, Missionary; Mra. Mary L. Howland, Miss Martha S. Taylor. — Nine organized churches; three native pastors; twenty catechists; one reader; eleven school-masters; three school-mistresses.

M e l u r . — Thomas S Burnell, Missionary ; Mrs. Martha Burnell. — One organized church; four catechists; seven school-masters.

P k k i a k u l a m . — Joseph T. Noyes, Missionary. — Seven organized churches; four native pastors; nineteen catechists; fourteen school-masters. B a ta la g u s d u .— John S. Chandler, Missionary; Mrs. Jennie E. Chandler.— Tour organized churches; two native pastors; eight catechists; one reader; nine school-masters; four school-mistresses.

M a n a M a d u k a . — William B. Capron, Missionary; M r s . Sarah B. Capron. — One organized church; four catechists; one school-master; one school-mistress.

P u l s e y (In charge of Dr. Chester). — One organized church; one native pastor; ten catechists; one reader; thirteen school-masters; one school-mistress.

P a s u m a l a i . — George T. Washburn, Missionary ; Mrs. Eliza E. W a sh b u rn .O n e organized church: two native pastors; four school-masters. On the way out. — Marshall R. Peck, Missionary; Mrs. Helen N. Peck. In this country. — John E. Chandler, Missionary ; Henry K. Palmer, M. D., Phy - 1875.] MADURA MISSION. 41

cian; Mrs. Elizabeth A. Nc^es, Mrs. Elizabeth H. Herrick, Mrs. Charlotte H. Chand­ ler, Mrs. Flora D. Palmer, Mrs. Martha S. Taylor. 11 stations; 152 out-stations (“ village congregations” ); 32 organized churches; 12 missionaries; 1 physician; 1G female assistant missionaries; 16 native pastors; 103 catechists; 13 school-masters and 5 school-mistresses in seminaries and boarding- schools; 105 school-masters and 18 school-mistresses in village and day schools; 9 Bible-readers.

The changes in the missionary force, to be recorded for the year, are the return to this country of Mr. and Mrs. Chandler, for rest and a needful change of climate, and of Mrs. Taylor, who conies on account of failure of health, and is not expecting again to resume work in India ; while Mr. and Mrs. Peck are on their wny to rein­ force the mission.

EVANGELISTIC WORK. CONGREGATIONS. — CHURCHES. More than the usual amount of itinerating has been performed during the year. The statistical tables report twenty-one itineracies and eighty encampments, by five missionaries and 112 helpers; fifty-five days of missionary labor, 1,262 days of labor by helpers, 204 days of encampment, 1,504 villages visited, and 64,948 hearers addressed; sixty-two Bibles, 128 Testaments, 2,810 Scripture por­ tions, and 27,238 tracts sold and given. The mission states: “ In the 152 congregations reported, there is a total of 7,820 men, women, and children, of whom 2,330 are able to read. The average Sabbath attendance has been 5,151. This is a gain in one year, o f 427 ; in two years, o f 751 ; and, in three years, of nearly 1,000. Yet the bare figures,— 427 gain over last year, — do not convey an entirely correct impression of the actual increase in the number of adherents to Christianity.” One hundred and eighty-two have been added to the thirty-two churches during the year, making a total of 1,773 church members now in good standing. “ This is a net gain, in one year, of 140 ; in two years, of 226 ; and in three years, of nearly 300. In contribu­ tions there is a total of 4,027 rupees. This is an advance of 248 rupees over the year 1873; of 581 rupees over the year 1872; and of 932 rupees over the year 1871.”

SCHOOLS, SEMINARIES, AND PUBLICATIONS. ‘•In the 119 village schools reported there has been a total at­ tendance of 2,510 schoolars : — a gain of 32 in one year; of 332 in two years ; and of 514 in three years. But to these figures it should be added, that the schools of almost every station are regarded as being in a much more vigorous and healthy state than in any pre­ vious year, and the improvement is still progressing.” 42 MADURA MISSION. [Report,

Besides the village day-schools, there are twelve evening schools, in which over 200 young men, who are obliged to work during the day, are pursuing a course of study. Eight institutions are mentioned under the head of “ seminaries and boarding-schools.” Five of these are called station classes, in connection with which are 167 pupils — 123 males and 44 females. The girls’ boarding-school, under Miss Sisson and Miss Rendall, at Madura, has forty-nine pupils. A woman’s boarding-school at Pasumalai, has had thirteen scholars. Thus the total number of those being educated in boarding-schools is 239 — 133 males, 106 females. The theological and training school, also at Pasumalai, under Mr. Washburn’s care, has ten pupils. Mr. Washburn reports: “ The vernacular newspaper, the only distinctively Christian Tamil newspaper on the continent, has reached its fifth volume. About two thirds of the issue goes into Christian families; the remaining one third into the hands of Hin­ doos. It is published at the low rate of half a rupee a year, and is consequently within the reach of all but the very poorest of our peo­ ple. From almost the first it has paid its own way, as to printing and paper...... The circulation of leaflets by gift, and tracts and books by sale, is an increasingly hopeful feature of our work. Within the past few years tracts and handbills have been greatly improved, and they are much more read than they were four or five years ago.”

WORK FOR WOMEN. Miss Sisson reports: “ The Bible-women, whose work is two-fold — that of visiting from house to house, and teaching the heathen women to read, — speak of encouragement in four particulars. The circle of houses in which they read the Bible is gradually widening; there are more women desirous of learning to read ; those who study take up the Bible lesson with more interest than formerly; and they are more willing to pay for the instruction they receive.” She also says of the Bible-women: “ They command the respect of the women among whom they work, as I know by personal observation. The uneducated Hindoo women are impressed with their mental su­ periority, and in some cases, I believe, with their piety. When they first visit a high-caste house, the women are afraid of their touch ; but they soon forget all that, and receive them with much freedom.’’

MEDICAL WORK. The Madura dispensary, for so many years under Dr. Palmer’s direction, has been kept up under the immediate care of a medical catechist, with the supervision, once a week, of Dr. Chester. Dur­ ing the year 1874 there was a total of 11,507 patients, 6,454 of whom were new cases. 1875.] MADURA MISSION. 43

Dr. Chester’s dispensary at Dindigul, supported, as is Dr. Pal­ mer’s, by local benevolence and government aid, had, during 1874, a total of 16,932 patients, 8,021 of them new cases. There were 120 Europeans, 98 East Indians, 2.026 Native Christians, 818 Mo­ hammedans, and 4,959 Hindoos. Mr. Tracy has had a small dispensary work at Tirupuvanajn, by which he has treated about 750 cases during the year, and has been “ able to relieve distress, and thus gain some influence in favor of the Gospel and there are branch dispensaries at Pasumalai, Peri- akulam, and Battalagundu, under medical catechists. Dr. Chester has a medical class of ten young men, six of whom are church members and some of them graduates from the mission seminary. This class is carried on in connection with the Dindigul dispensary. Dr. Chester has a native assistant teacher, but spends four hours a week with the class himself, in addition to the special times of clinical instruction : and he hopes soon to have medical catecbisls for branch dispensaries at each of the center stations of the mission. lie closes his report for 1874, by saying, “ We were never able to take so promising and hopeful a view of the medical work in our mission district as at this time. W e thank God, and take courage.”

PROGRESS IN SELF-SUPPORT. ---- NEED OF FAITIIFUL LABORERS. A very gratifying and hopeful step forward has been taken in the support of native pastors. At the beginning of the year, the Native Evangelization Society, whose object is “ to render pecuniary aid to congregations in the support of their pastors,” was encumbered with a debt of about five hundred dollars, — a sum which, for that soci­ ety, would be equivalent to a hundred thousand dollars for the American Board. Under date of July 12, 1875, Mr. Rendall writes: *■ On bringing the subject before the churches, early in the year, there were responses from nearly all parts of the mission, and to such an extent that the debt has been removed, beside paying all that is due to the pastors. I was truly encouraged to see how nobly the native church came to the rescue. I feel no concern now about the raising of all the funds we shall require for the support of pas­ tors. In regardO to our catechists, ' it is obvious that there never was a time in the history of our mission, when a good faithful man could do so much toward the extension of Christ’s kingdom as now.’" “ It is the universal testimony of the native helpers,” writes one of the missionaries, “ that the heathen are more kind and respectful than in former years, and this accords with my own experience. The great want now, •— second to the want of the Spirit, — and a 44 CEYLON MISSION. [Report,

want which I think must be met before the influences of the Spirit can be expected in any great measure, — is faithful labor by faithful men, accompanied by the consistent example of people calling themselves Christian.”

„ CEYLON MISSION. B a ttic o tta . — Eurotas P. Hastings, Missionary ; Mrs. Anna Hastings. — One or­ ganized church; one native pastor ; three other helpers. Six out-stations with three organized churches, — at Caraclive, Valany, and Changany; one native pastor; live catechists; six other helpers. P anditeeipo (In charge of Mr. Howland). — One organized church; two cat- echists. T illipally. — William W. Howland, Missionary; Mrs. Susan R. Howland, Miss Hester A. Hillis, Miss Susan R. Howland. — One organized church; one native pas­ tor; two teachers in theological and boarding-school; two other helpers. O o d o o v illk . — Samuel "W. Howland, Missionary; Mrs. E. Iv. Howlaud, Miss Elizabeth Agnew. — One organized church; one native pastor; three teachers in girls’ boarding-school; one other helper. One out-station, with one organized church at Alavetty ; one native pastor. Manepy. — Thomas S. Smith, Missionary; Mrs. Emily Maria Smith. — One organ­ ized church; one catechist; one other helper. One out-station with one organized church — at Navaly ; one native pastor. Chavagacheriiy (In charge of Mr. De Riemer). — One organized church; two catechists; one other helper. Two out-stations, with two catechists; two other helpers. O od oopitty. — Wm E. De Riemer, Missionary; Mrs. Emily F. De Riemer, Miss Harriet E. Townsend. — One organized church; one native pastor: two teachers in girls’ boarding-school; two other helpers. Two out-stations, with two catechists. I n this country. — Samuel F. Green, M. 1)., Physician; Mrs. Margaret W. Green. 7 stations; 12 out-stations; 12 organized churches; 5 missionaries; 1 physician; 10 female assistant missionaries; 7 native pastors; 14 catechists; 8 teachers in seminary and boarding-schools, and 3 in medical class; 10 Rible-women, and 9 other helpers

The only important change of the year past among members of the Ceylon Mission, is the death of Mrs. Spaulding, on the 28th of October, 1874, aged seventy-nine years and four days. She was the last survivor of the first company of eight who sailed for Ceylon, June 8, 1819, having consequently been connected with the mission fifty-five years. She was every one’s friend, and is greatly missed by all. The letter announcing her death styled her “ Our beloved Mother Spaulding.” Dr. Green has been engaged, during his residence in this country, in revising the translation of several medical works, and his own and his wife’s health being somewhat improved, they are hoping to return to Ceylon, much to the joy of the mission ; those on the ground feeling themselves to be too small a force for the work they have in hand. 1875.1 CEYLON MISSION. 45

CHURCHES SELF-SUPPORT NATIVE AGENCY. The twelve organized churches of this field received eighty mem­ bers on profession of faith during the year 1874, against forty-four in 1873. The total membership is now 679 — a net gain dur­ ing 1874 of seventy-six, or twelve and one half per cent. Though this is not all that the missionaries had hoped for. they are on the whole encouraged. A number of cases are given in the reports of especially interesting conversions, several of then) from among families of high caste. It is also noticeable, that the greatest ap­ parent results have been in connection with the boarding-schools, which is doubtless due, as remarked in the mission report, in part to the fact that so much of the mission effort has been directed to these schools, and in part to the comparative isolation of pupils in the boarding-schools from the influences of heathenism. The number of entirely self-supporting churches has increased from two to three; the familiar names of Batticotta, Oodoopitty, and Oodooville, being now inscribed on this honorable roll of prog­ ress and independence. Other churches also have increased the proportion of the pastor’s salary paid by them. The total of con­ tributions for various objects was, in 1874,3,234 rupees, — an in­ crease of twelve and one half per cent, over last year, — in exact ratio with the increase o f membership. The native agency of this mission (aside from the three pastors who are entirely supported by their people), consists of four pastors, fourteen preachers and catechists, two colporters, seven other as­ sistants, eight teachers in boarding-schools, three teachers in the medical school, and ten Bible-women ; making a total of forty-eight, or, with the above-mentioned three pastors, fifty-one. The pastors and native helpers are spoken of as earnest workers, but too few in number for much aggressive work; and the mission is looking anx­ iously for the solution of the problem — what is to be done to se­ cure another theological class and more helpers, — more men to fill up the vacancies already made by death, and for aggression on the surrounding darkness. Two of the native preachers have been called away by death dur­ ing the year. Mr. Moody, who died “ after nearly forty years of mission service, first in Madura, and afterwards in Jaffna, had, for a Tamil man, a rare knowledge of the Bible, and a very consider­ able facility in illustration, and was especially happy in talking to children.” The other, Mr. Morrison, gave great promise as a teacher and preacher, and ‘‘ went home triumphantly, saying, in his last moments, ‘ believe, believe, believe.’ ” 46 CEYLON MISSION. [Report,

The mission has had two colporters in its employ, one in the Bat­ ticotta, and one in the Chavagacherry field. The returns have been incomplete, but the total amount realized from sales, so far as re­ ported, was about eighty-six rupees. Besides the labors of these two colporters, much has been done at all the stations in distribut­ ing tracts, books, and Bibles, and it is believed that over 2,700 tracts and hand-bills have been put in circulation.

WORK FOR WOMEN. The work among women, at Tillipally, by Misses Hillis and How­ land, grows in interest. They report: “ Sixty women have been under regular instruction, besides groups of girls in different vil­ lages. who, from various causes, could not be brought into the school. In the Carpenter village, every woman, except one, whose eyes are young enough to distinguish the letters, is learning to read, and seven are able to read understanding!}-. Meetings have, been held frequently, — not as often as the women desired, but as often as we had time without neglecting other duties, — and their interest in these, as well as in private conversations, has been serious and intel­ ligent. Among the high-caste families, after the first yielded, two or three others consented to read ; since then we have found it quite impossible to respond to all the calls; and if we should use terms strong enough to express the intense desire they have shown to hear and be taught, we should be thought to exaggerate. A Brahmin lady not only taught her own girls, doing it so well that the eldest learned to read within two months, but she also taught a hoviar young woman, and the daughter of a carpenter who lived near. In the same house, the father, mother, grandparents, and children, will together listen with interest to the Bible-woman.” The mission re­ port states, that work of a similar character to this is done more or less at all the stations, by the missionary ladies. “ An attempt was made, some months since, to induce the Chris­ tian women to undertake some definite work. So far, only fourteen out of thirty-seven have done anything, but these have exceeded our expectations. Three Oodouville graduates, and the same number from Oodoopitty, have been teaching wom en,— relatives in all cases, of course, — to read, and have taught Bible verses to children. Another gives promise of becoming an efficient Bible-woman. Her first work was to go to a neighbor on the Sabbath, after church, and repeat all she could of the sermon. A little daughter of the pastor has gone regularly to the house of a Brahmin to teach a girl of her own age.” Ten Bible-women have been employed during the year. One, at 1875.] CEYLON' MISSION. 47

Chavagacherry, taught a small school of girls at her house in the forenoon, and in the afternoon devoted herself to visitation, going to 340 houses, in which she conversed with 620 women, and 327 girls. Similar facts are mentioned regarding several others. “ In­ teresting conversations have been reported from time to time, show­ ing that here and there a mind has been induced to inquire after the way of God, more perfectly.”

EDUCATION. The common schools connected with the mission are under the care of a Board of Education, consisting largely of natives, though its principal executive officer, the Manager, is now Mr. Thos. S. Smith. This Board carries on its schools with a grants from the £5gov- eminent, which, during its fourth year, amounted to about S?6,200. There are 117 schools, twelve of which are Anglo-Vernacular, with 6,504 pupils, — a gain in one year of twelve schools, and 632 pupils. Eight are purely girls’ schools, fifty-three are mixed, though forty- nine are spoken o f as having but a few girls. The total is 992, a gain of 202. •' Monthly teachers’ institutes have been held, which, no doubt, do much in bringing up the efficiency of the teachers, and thus the excellency o f the schools.” The Oodooville girls’ boarding-school, under Miss Agnew, re­ ports sixty-eight pupils, of whom thirty are church members, twenty- four having been admitted to the church during the year. The Oodoopitty school, under Miss Townshend, numbers twenty-four pu­ pils. She writes: i- Four pupils have graduated, and one has left to be married — all professing Christians; and some are honoring their Muster in very trying circumstances. The school sustained a great loss in May, by the death of Mr. N. Morrison, the second teacher. The circumstances connected with the happy death by which he glorified God, produced a deep impression on the pupils, leading some of them to seek their Saviour. Others also were awakened by the death of Mr. Hamner, a catechist, and the father of one of the girls, which occurred in December, 1873. As the result of these circumstances, and of the earnestness which appeared among the girls during the week of prayer, an unusual number have been added to the church.” These two schools obtained the highest percentage of passes in the sixth standard of all the aided schools in Ceylon, which certainly speaks well for their literary work; and the spiritual results mentioned are significant of still higher success. The Theological and Training School, at Tillipally, under the care of Mr. Howland, reports as follows: “ At the beginning of the year thirty-six pupils were in the school; during the year eleven left, 48 CEYLON MISSION. [Report, and four were received. Of the eleven, four were dropped from the new class because unable to keep up, one left with permission to teach, one to go to college, two on account of sickness, and two irregularly. Three have joined the church during the year. The theological class was engaged in village work during January and February, and again in June and July, visiting seven hundred and fifty houses and over eighteen hundred adults.” The Jaffna College, though not dependent upon the mission, is an institution by which the future of Christianity in North Ceylon will be largely influenced. A third class, of twenty-nine, a majority of them church members, was received in July, 1874. The public ex­ aminations, at the close of the school year, indicated good progress, and the attendance of prominent men of the peninsula evinced their interest in the college. It is interesting to note that twenty-four of the fifty students are the children of native Christians, twenty-two are church members, and a majority of the latter, including the first scholars in each class, are from prominent heathen families, and have been converted since their connection with the college ; thus, in a worldly view, sacrificing much. The local endowment, though not completed, is already sufficient, with the tuition fees, for the entire support of the six native teachers. Plans are on foot to in­ crease the native endowment to SI ,200, and also to raise on the ground a scholarship of $12,500, and to build a gymnasium costing about $250. Mr. Smith writes: “ It is probably true that there is not another school in all India where as many students, gathered from as limited a territory, are paying at such rates for a high yet decidedly Christian education in English and the Vernacular.”

PUBLICATIONS. Mr. De Riemer has published a volume of Lyric Songs, under the auspices of the Ceylon Vernacular Evangelical Society, the so­ ciety taking the entire responsibility regarding it. These songs are adapted to the native style of music, and are in general use in the Madura churches. The mission has revived the Child’s Paper, with great success. More than nine hundred copies are circulated, and its receipts, dur­ ing the first year, were probably sufficient to pay all the expenses of paper and printing, and a part of the salary of assistant editor. CONCLUSION. The report indicates that the Lord’s work has made special ad­ vance in this mission during the year. The increased efficiency in the way of self-support; the increase of personal, unpaid, religious 1875.] FOOCHOW MISSION. 49 labor; the interest in Christian education ; and, above all, the addi­ tion to the churches during one year of an eighth of their total membership, are significant of good accomplished, and of more to come. The native pastor of Changany reports: “ Besides those individ­ uals who are being gathered from time to time into our little flock, we are encouraged by occasional signs outside, of a more general breaking up among the people.” And the mission says: “ Thus the work goes on, with steady progress nearly everywhere, and yet slowly. There are not laborers enough to make a vigorous, gen­ eral, aggressive movement; still, as there is no restraint to the Lord ‘ to save by few or by many,’ we hope for great things, and believe the harvest is white, and ready for the gathering.”

FOOCHOW MISSION.

Foochow, — City Station. — Caleb C. Baldwin, D. 1 )., Charles Hartwell, Joseph E. Walker, J. B. Blakely, Missionaries; Mrs. Harriet J\ Baldwin, Mrs. Lucy E. Hart­ well, Mrs. Ada E. Walker, Mrs. Isabella Y. Blakely. — One organized chureli; one native preacher; one teacher; one other helper. Seventeen out-stations, witli eight organized churches; fifteen native preachers; one teacher; ten other helpers. N a n t a i , — Suburban Station. — Simeon F. Wondin, Missionary ; Dauphin W . Os­ good, M. D., Missionary Physician; Mrs. Sarah L. Woodin, Mrs. Helen W. Osgood, Miss Adelia M. Tar son. — One organized church; two native preachers; two teach­ ers; three other helpers. 2 stations; 17 out-stations; 10 organized churches; 5 missionaries; 1 physician; 7 female assistant missionaries; 18 native preachers; 4 teachers; 14 other helpers.

Mr: and Mrs. Blakely have been added to the number of labor­ ers, and are, for the present, at Foochow, diligently engaged in the study of the language, the people, and the work ; otherwise, there have been no changes in the mission circle.

THE GENERAL WORK; — ■ CHURCHES. Many long and wearisome tours have been made by the mission­ aries, visiting their various out-posts, and pushing the work still further into the great interior. The mission report for 1874 says; “ It has required considerable planning and persuading to keep the interior stations fully manned. Chinese Christians, like many American Christians, much prefer, other things being equal, to serve the Lord at home. But our efforts have been successful in keeping two at each place most of the time.” “ The condition of the native churches is very encouraging. None have lost in membership, while some have had considerable addi­ tions. Especially is this the case in the Yungfuli district, where something like a revival has prevailed, and fifteen have been added. 50 FOOCHOW MISSION. [Report,

The whole number received during the year is twenty-nine. Three have died; none have been cut off. This leaves a net gain of twenty-six, and raises our total membership to 144. Two have been suspended for six months, and three of the members received were former members, who had been cut off for not keeping the Sabbath. “ An interesting state of feeling still prevails in the Yungfuh re­ gion. Several additions are expected in the Chang-loh region; and at the three out-stations in the interior the year 1875 opens very hopefully. At Yang-Kau, which was so wicked a place that we hesitated about locating there, we already have six members, and the hope of more.”

LITERARY AND EDUCATIONAL WOBK. Mr. Baldwin has been engaged, as one of a committee of three missions, in the translation of Genesis into the colloquial dialect. The New Testament was completed many years since ; and the books of Job, Psalms, and Proverbs were published several years ago. The design is to proceed with other Old Testament books, especially the historical ones, as may be consistent with other duties. Joshua, Ruth, 1 Samuel, Genesis, and Daniel are nearly ready. A monthly illustrated “ Child’s Paper” is issued in the Foochow colloquial, edited by Miss Payson and by ladies of the Methodist Episcopal Mission. The Training School has been under Mr. Baldwin’s care “ during a six months’ term, from April to September inclusive. The class consisted of seven students, of various ability and attainment in reading and knowledge of the Scriptures. Four students have been employed as preachers and colporters, and were called from their stations during the spring and summer that they might have the benefit of instruction.” Bi-monthly meetings are also held with the helpers, which “ serve not merely the purpose of instructing them, but do much good by bringing them together for mutual conference, and by enabling the missionary to concentrate his force on one point for several days, thus awakening more interest than the stated service would excite.” A very interesting annual meeting of all the helpers was held at Nantai in October, which presented many encouraging features. “ The girls’ boarding-school, under the care of Miss Payson, has had its full complement of thirty pupils throughout the year. One pupil has gone forth to be the wife of a Christian man, and another is soon to become the wife of a helper in the interior.” 1875.] NORTH CHINA MISSION. 51

HOSPITAL REPORT. The fourth annual report of Dr. Osgood’s hospital, rendered on the 30t.h of June, 1875, shows increasing prosperity and usefulness ; and it is of special interest that the entire expense of this medical work is met by local subscriptions, from both foreigners and Chi­ nese. The number of new patients treated during the year was 6,439; of old patients, 1,814; making the total number of cases treated since the opening of the hospital, 31,988. Dr. Osgood says: “ We have reason to believe that several of our patients have not only received healing for the body, but have learned to look to Christ for spiritual health. Three have bnen baptized and received into the church, during the last year. Many more have returned to their homes with their faith in idola­ try destroyed, and with friendly feeling towards Christianity ; while a few return as they came, without any cure, or any thought for the future.” The mission states : u The medical work has been vigorously prosecuted by Dr. Osgood. A new and valuable feature has been the visits to out-stations, each embracing a stay of three of four days, for dispensing. It can no longer be said that the medical work yields no direct spiritual results.” The mission report concludes by saying, ‘‘ Hopeful as our work now is, as compared with the past, it is immeasurably short of what is needed among so many millions, immeasurably short of what every true Christian heart will feel must somehow be attained. Do not let Christians in America forget to pray for us because we are a little one. We need the strength of ten thousand.”

NORTH CHINA MISSION.

T i k s t s t x . — Charles A. Stanley, Arthur H. Smith, Henry D. Porter, M. D., Mis­ sionaries; Mrs. Ursula Stanle}’, Mrs. Emma Jane Smith. — One organized church; 2 catechists. Peking. — Henry Blodgett, D. D., Chester Holcombe, Myron Winslow Hunt, Mis­ sionaries ; Phineas 11. Hunt, P rinter; Mrs. Sarah F. R. Blodgett, Mrs. Laura A. Hunt. Mrs. Abigail X. Hunt, Miss Mary H. Porter, Miss Jane E. Chapin. — Two or ganized churches; three catechists.

K a l g a n . — John T. Gulick, Mark Williams, William P. Sprague, Missionaries; Mrs. Emily Gulick, Mrs. Isabella H. Williams, Mrs. Margaret S. Sprague, Miss Na­ omi Diament. — One organized church; one catechist.

T u n g - c h o . — Lyman Dwight Chapin, D. Z . Sheffield, Chauncey Goodrich, Mis­ sionaries; Mrs. Clara L. Chapin, Mrs. Eleanor W. Sheffield, Miss Jane G* Evans.— One organized church. Two out-stations, with two native helpers.

Y u - c h o . — Vacant. In the care of Kalgan station. — One organized church.

P a o - t i n g - f u . — Isaac Pierson, Missionary. — One organized church; one helper. In this Country.— Thomas W . Thompson, Missionary; Alfred 0. Treat, M. D., Missionary Physician; Mrs. Olive K. Holcombe, Miss Mary E. Andrews. 6 stations; 7 organized churches; 14 missionaries, one a physician; one other physi­ cian; 1 printer; 16 female assistant missionaries; 6 catechists; 3 helpers. 52 NORTH CHINA MISSION. '[Report s

On the 1st of September, 1874, Mrs. Goodrich was called to her rest. The mission report says: “ It fell to her lot to be a patient sufferer through years of protracted and trying illness, until the day of her deliverance came.” Aside from this event, no change has taken place during the year in the number or distribution of the missionary corps in North China.

GENERAL WOltK. — PREACHING PLACES. TOURING.

Thirty-six have been added to the seven churches of the mission during the year, making a total of 171 members. The report says : “ There are many villages and hamlets in the outlying country where Christian truth has been taught, and here and there a few persons have been baptized, forming as we hope, the nuclei of future churches in those regions. The year has witnessed no marked results in the in^athering of souls, but the proofs of the presence of the Holy Spirit have not been lacking in many places and many hearts...... The year has been one of growth in Christian knowledge, as also of growth and confirmation in Christian character.” A new and commodious chapel has been erected at Tientsin, on the site of the building destroyed by the mob in 1870. Since its dedication in September, it has been opened for daily preaching with, usually, good audiences. A small chapel has been opened in Pao-ting-fu, and the mission rejoices that, by patience and perse­ verance, a permanent footing has been secured in this important center. Two chapels have been occupied in Peking on the Sabbaths, buL duties in other departments have prevented the missionaries there from giving more than three or four days of the week to preaching. Small and fluctuating audiences are reported at Kalgan on the Sab­ bath, and usually twice during the week. At Tung-cho there are two chapels, one of which has been open for daily preaching through­ out the year. The report states: “ Many thousands have heard a little of gospel truth’ at our various chapels. The results of this, and of past years of seed-sowing, are in the hands of Him who alone ‘ giveth the increase.’ Did we only look at the results of this work already attained, we should surely find reason for discouragement; but we look away to Him for whom no work is done in vain.” More than the usual number of tours has been made by the mis­ sionaries, during the year, in all, 770 days having been thus spent; and the station reports, as well as the annual report of the mission, contain detailed records of this laborious service, which is spoken of as one of the most interesting and hopeful features of the work. In addition to the tours made by the missionaries, 674 days are reported as having been spent in the same way by the native Christians. 1875.] NORTH CHINA MISSION. 53

“ Thus the message of salvation has been preached in the regions about by many mouths, and portions of Scripture, and many relig­ ious tracts, have been lodged in numerous homes.”

EDUCATION'. The mission Training School at Tungcho has been reduced, in consequence of the sickness of two promising young men, to but three students. The mission committee on education reports : “ Considering all the circumstances of these cases, it is not too much to say that the progress and attainments of these young men in edu­ cation have been creditable to themselves and their teachers, while it is also believed that their personal growth in the divine life has not been small.” These three men having completed the prescribed three years’ course of study, it is hoped that the mission can now make a beginning toward the establishment of a Christian ministry among the Chinese. The two who were obliged to leave may yet return, and the mission is earnest in the purpose more and more to develop this department of labor. The boys’ school, also at Tungcho, “ has had an average attend­ ance of nine boarding pupils, and four day scholars. There has been, fair progress in their classical and Christian studies ; their wayward ness has been more easily corrected than in other years, and marked spiritual growth has been apparent among the six Christian boys. The chief object of the school is to prepare promising Christian boys for the training school, and thus ultimately for the work of native helpers.” The female seminary, called the Bridgman School, at Peking, under the care of Miss Porter and Miss Chapin, has had an average of eighteen pupils during the year. “ The ladies continue to be tried by Christian girls going forth to heathen homes, there to meet trials and opposition, and perhaps to turn back to their former lives ; but they are encouraged by the increasing power, from year to year, of Christian motives on the lives of the students, by seeing some from time to time giving their hearts to the Saviour, and by observ­ ing the general spiritual growth of the Christian girls.” Aside from the care of these boarding-schools, much time and labor has been devoted to day schools. Mr. Blodget has had a sta­ tion class for recent converts coming from the country, for inquir­ ers also from the country, and for native helpers when in Peking. A boys’ school, under Mr. Holcombe’s care, has had an average at­ tendance of thirteen, and is spoken of as flourishing. Mr. Stanley, at Tientsin, had a class of eight young men during the winter. Mr. Williams, at Kalgan, taught two young men for some months, and 54 NORTH CHINA MISSION. [Report, the boys’ school under the care of Mrs. Gulick has had an average of nine pupils. It is stated that at least one third of the working time of the missionaries has been spent in teaching, either in schools or Bible-classes, and they inquire: “ How better can we lay our foundations deep than by instructing the young in Christian knowl­ edge, and so moulding their lives that they may become full-grown men and women in Christ.”

PRINTING AND SALE OF BOOKS. An edition of the Old Testament in the Mandarin dialect,— an important work, prepared by Dr. Schereschewsky, — has been com­ pleted during the year. The companion New Testament was re­ ported as completed in 1872, so that the Chinese now have the whole of the Scriptures on foreign paper, and in European style. The entire statement of the year’s work of the press is, ■— Pages printed, 2,900,900; books printed, 13,600; tracts printed, 8,000; hand-bills printed, 41,000. Regarding the sale of books, the mission says: “ The general record for previous years must again be made for the present year, — that there is but a limited interest among the Chinese in foreign books, whether Christian, historical, or scientific ; yet a little quick­ ening in this respect is noticed. In Pao-ting-fu there has been a considerable call for historical and scientific books, and thirty dol­ lars were recently placed in the hands of Mr. Pierson to expend for such books.”

MEDICAL WOKK.

Dr. Porter’s services have been in such demand in other places that he has not been able to do much dispensary work in Tientsin. Five weeks was the longest time he remained continuously at that station ; but whenever he was there, the number of patients was considerable. The mission reports, regarding him, that wherever his duties have carried him, he has been daily beset for medical aid, and in his report for the year, Dr. Porter writes: “ In taking a re­ view of the mission work from a medical point of view, it is interest­ ing to notice how certainly every station becomes a center of medi­ cal aid. It seems highly desirable that there should be some one at each station prepared to carry on, with a good deal of regularity, a dispensary work, giving a little special study to medicine...... I think it will be quite within bounds to say, that upwards of 6,000 cases have been treated at the several stations. This number sug­ gests the amount of thought and care spent upon a work which has been but little spoken of among the effective forces of the mission.” 1875.] NORTH CHINA MISSION. 55

WORK FOR WOMEN. Much work for women was done by the ladies of the mission dur­ ing the touring, mentioned ahove. Besides this, the mission re­ ports: “ In Peking a few women have been gathered in to listen to the services conducted by the ladies, and in Kalgan there has been much encouragement in this department of labor. Miss Diament has visited in a good number of families, where her teachings have been listened to with interest, and a kinder feeling has been mani­ fested than in years past. A t Tung-cho the womans’ work is yearly striking deeper root. A class of fourteen women has been taught to read, and also a class of ten girls. The work is less fluctuating than in past years, and a steady interest has been manifested 011 the part of a number of women. Too much importance cannot be at­ tached to this department of our work.”

WORK IN MONGOLIA. The mission writes: “ This work is yet quite undeveloped. The Mongols are much interested in foreigners and in foreign things, but they are very devoted to their own religion, and are ready to defend it against Christianity', — in contrast with the Chinese, who assent to everything, only to go away and believe nothing. It is our hope that this sincerity of faith in their superstitions may be con­ verted to a sincere faith in a religion that can ennoble their lives and save their souls; but thus far, in connection with our work, none of this people have shown a disposition to surrender their hearts to Christ...... While the mission regards its labor for the Chinese as first in the order of importance, we desire to see the Mongol work continued, and after Tung-chau and Pao-ting-fu are properly manned, we hope that an associate may be sent out for Mr. Sprague.”

HINDRANCES, ENCOURAGEMENTS, NEEDS. The mission concludes its annual report in the following words: “ The hindrances that retard and embarrass us remain as heretofore. They are, in general, the inertia of the people, the power of present superstitions, ignorance, conceit, timidity, sordidness, and spiritual bondage in sin. These things combine to make the people preju­ diced and suspicious. The encouragements are the continued peace­ ful occupation of the present places of labor, and a growing measure of good-will on the part of the people toward the missionaries, as they learn more of their characters and of Christian doctrines. The door for the proclamation of the gospel is fairly opened...... 56 MISSION TO JAPAN. [Report,

“ In view of the small number of men offering for the work, and of the pressing demands of other fields, we would not urge the send­ ing forth of a sufficient number to enable us to make immediate en­ largements, but we would press upon the Committee the wants of the work already upon our hands ; and we shall pray and hope that our ranks may be strengthened at an early day. W e are thankful for the patient support we receive from the home churches, while we have so few results of our labor, as yet, to show. Our members are few, and we are engaged in a conflict with ‘ the prince of the power of the air,’ who yet rules over the hearts of these blinded millions of immortal fellow-creatures ; but we forget ourselves, in our ignorance and weakness, and look away to Him in whose power alone wje hope to conquer.”

MISSION TO JAPAN.

K o b e . — Oramel H . Gulick, J. D. Davis, John L . Atkinson, Wallace Taylor, M . D., Missionaries; John C. Berry, M. D., Physician ; Mrs. Ann E. Gulick, Mrs. Sophia D. Davis, Mrs. Carrie E. Atkinson, Mrs. Mary F. Taylor, Mrs. Maria E. Berry, Mrs. C. H. S. Doane, Miss Julia E. Dudley, Miss Eliza Talcott, Miss Julia Gulick. — One organized church; four out-stations, with one church, at Sanda.

O s a k a . — M. L. Gordon, M. D., J. H. De Forest, Missionaries; Arthur H. Adams, Physician; Rev. Joseph Neesima, Corresponding Member ; Mrs. Agnes H. Gordon, Mrs. Sarah C. Adams, Mrs. Sarah E. De Forest, Miss Mary E. Gouldy.— One or­ ganized church.

Now a t Y o k o h a m a . — Daniel Crosby Greene, Missionary; Mrs. Mary Jane Greene. In this Country. — E. T. Doane, Horace H. Leavitt, Missionaries. 3 stations; 4 out-stations; 3 organized churches; 9 missionaries (two of whom are physicians); 2 physicians; 1 corresponding member; 14 female assistant mission­ aries.

Mr. and Mrs. Dexter, in consequence of Mrs. Dexter’s health, have returned to this country, and, at their own request, have been released from their connection with the Board. Mr. Leavitt is also now in the United States in pursuit of health, but confidently hopes to return to Japan. The mission was reinforced in December last by Mr. and Mrs. De Forest, Dr. and Mrs. Adams, and Mr. Nee- sima, all of whom have, by action of the mission, been located in Osaka. Mr. Doane, of the Micronesian mission, is constrained by the health of his wife, — which does not permit of a residence in the torrid zone,— to withdraw from that field, where he has for twenty years done such faithful service, and will soon join the mission to Japan. Mr. Dwight Whitney Learned and wife, Miss Justina E. Wheeler, and Miss Stevens are also under appointment, and expect soon to sail. In June, 1874, Mr. Greene removed with his family to Yokohama, 1875.] MISSION TO JAPAN. 57 to take part with the representatives of other missions in the trans­ lation of the Scriptures. The Bible Committee, of which he is a member, has revised and prepared for the press the Gospel of Luke, and will probably soon finish the revision of the Epistle to the Ho­ mans. Mr. Greene opened a chapel on a thronging street in Yokohama early in September, in which services have been held twice each Sabbath, and one evening during the week, with an average attend­ ance of about seventy. The mission reports: “ We have reason to believe that many visitors in Yokohama have carried from these services seeds of truth, which we hope may bear fruit in their dis­ tant homes, to the north and west. It has, however, been thought best, in view of the increasing number of Japanese-speaking mis­ sionaries in Yokohama, and the demand of the translation work upon Mr. Greene’s time and strength, for him to give up this en­ couraging field of labor, provided some one can be found willing to enter and carry on the work.” Prom later reports it appears that the work here referred to has been passed over to the missionaries of the Presbyterian Board.

OSAKA. Till June of last year, religious services had been held on the mission premises, but they were then transferred to a more favora­ bly situated chapel. “ For three months daily preaching was main­ tained, but this was given up for want of strength to carry it on. The Sabbath congregation has averaged eighty, and the Sabbath- school an attendance of thirty-five. Mr. Neesima, without waiting for the gift of tongues, entered at once on the work of preaching to the people, and instructing the believers.” The church has increased from seven to eighteen members, who are spoken of as giving evidence of growth in grace, and in devel­ opment of Christian character. Weekly contributing has been adopted by the church, with encouraging results. A number of eager inquirers attend upon the preaching, some of whom are spoken of as men of ability and scholarship.

KOBE, AND HIOGO. The church organized last year in Kobe, with a membership of fifteen, has increased to twenty-three; all the additions, but one, having been made on profession of faith. The morning Sabbath- school has an average attendance of eighty, and the afternoon re­ ligious service of one hundred; the room being always filled, and often crowded. 58 MISSION TO JAPAN. [Report,

Hiogo, which immediately adjoins Kobe, has been opened for the preaching of the Gospel during the year, through the influence of the medical staff of the mission. Mr. and Mrs. Atkinson com­ menced religious services at the Hiogo Dispensary on the 28th of March, and a most intelligent congregation of about thirty, mostly physicians and school-teachers, have regularly attended Mr. Atkin­ son’s preaching. •

OUT-STATIONS AND TOURING. Much has been done during the year in the diffusion of truth through the surrounding regions, indicating the new phase of work on which the mission is entering, and showing the increasing meas­ ure of religious freedom which is being enjoyed. “ Weekly preach­ ing services have been maintained throughout the year, with but trifling irregularity, at Akashi, twelve miles to the west, about half of these services having been held by members of the Kobe church, and about half by members of the mission ; and interesting services have been held at stated intervals at Kakogcnva and Himeji, twenty- five and forty miles to the west, by the medical men, assisted by lady missionaries and by different members of the Kobe church. The work at Sanda, eighteen miles to the north of Kobe, is rap­ idly growing in interest. The mission thus reports regarding this place, which is mentioned as of the most marked promise: In ad­ dition to the monthly visit of our medical men, Sanda, early in the year, received occasional calls; and since September semi-monthly visits have been made by Mr. Gulick, for Sabbath services, while on the alternate Sabbaths, the service has usually been led by members of the Kobe church. In addition to this, Miss Dudley has now spent nearly four months at Sanda, where she has had a rare opportunity to influence hundreds. Her labors among the women and families there have been far more extended, in point of reaching the people in their permanent homes, than those of any other individual of our number. She has had a school of forty children, who can never cease to feel the effect of the present Christian influences exerted over them.” As a result of these various labors, a church of sixteen members was organized at Sanda on the 27th of July last. Several preaching tours have been made along the line of the railroad between Kobe and Osaka. The fears of the people at the first prevented permanent or regular work, but the time has now arrived when religious services, and opportunities for holding them, are limited only by the number of those ready to lead them. In addition to the regular out-station work, several more extended tours have been made. “ Dr. Taylor has, within a month, visited 1875-1 MISSION TO JAPAN. 59 the large city of Okayama, one hundred miles to the westward, in the province of Bizen; the city of Kihone, on Lake Biwa ; Tsuruga, one hundred miles north of us, on the northwest coast of Nippon ; Nagoya, one hundred miles east of Kobe, at the head of Owari bay; and Tsu, on the western shore of the same bay. Dr. Berry has spent the past month recruiting his health on the bay of Naga­ saki. Dr. Gordon has visited Kioto, the shores of Lake Biwa, Tsu, and the cities of Ise. Mr. Neesima has spent some weeks in Kioto and Nara. Mr. Greene has just accomplished a journey of three hundred and fifty miles, overland, from Yokohama to Kobe, with his wife and four children. All receive the kindest treatment from the people at every point. The time when a permanent location of missionaries may be made outside of the twenty-five mile limit, is evidently nearing.”

EDUCATION AND PUBLICATIONS. I _ _ A station class of Bible students has been kept up at Kobe, with an average attendance of eight. The young men have shown the benefits of this instruction, as well as of the Bible readings and ex­ positions in the mission families, wherever they have been called on to lead in religious services. “ The girls’ day school, under the carc of Miss Talcott and Miss Dudley, in which, during the absence of Miss Dudley, Miss Gulick has assisted, has an attendance of thirty-four. It has been a flour­ ishing institution, kept up throughout the year, with the interval of a summer vacation. The scholars of this school, together with the families reached and influenced through the school and its teachers, form the major part of the Sabbath-school of eighty mentioned above.” A female seminary, or 11 Home,” is being established in Kobe, and the support of this very important enterprise has been assumed by the Woman’s Board of Missions of the Interior. Grounds have been secured in a very eligible portion of Kobe, and an economical but comfortable building has been erected, as a home for thirty girls. One of the most encouraging facts regarding the institution is, that wealthy Japanese themselves take such an interest in it as to have subscribed and paid eight hundred dollars toward the erection of the buildings ; and it is expected that the pupils will, in very large part, be supported by their own people. Regarding publications, the mission reports: “ Ten thousand copies of a tract of twenty-two pages, containing a short account of the fall of man and the plan of salvation, prepared last year, have been printed and distributed during the year. Five thousand copies of a small work of twenty-two pages, consisting of a short I 60 MISSION TO JAPAN. [Report,

summary of Christian doctrine, also prepared by Mr. Davis, has just been printed. An edition of a thousand copies of a Hymn Book of thirty-nine hymns, probably the first Hymn Book in the language, has been issued, the first part of which was printed by the Presbyterian Mission in Yokohama, and the latter portion executed in Osaka, by our mission. The same has also been printed in Kobe, in Romanized Japanese, by private enterprise.”

MEDICAL WORK. “■ This department of our missionary work,” says the Mission, “ has been in the hands of Doctors Berry, Taylor, and Adams. The Kobe hospital has been visited by the medical men twice a week throughout the year, and for most of the year daily religious exer­ cises have been maintained in the hospital. Patients have been ministered to at the Hiogo dispensary since it was opened, in Janu­ ary, three times a week. The Sanda hospital and dispensary has been visited once a month ; and occasionally medical calls have been made in Arima, while on the way to and from Sanda. “ Medical tours, for the purpose of seeing patients, and giving ex­ positions of the Scriptures, have been regularly made, once in two months, to Kakogawa and H im eji, cities of the province of Ban- shu. The patients seen on these tours have been from 125 to 200 each time. The tours have each continued from eight to ten days. A Bible helper accompanies the medical worker, and holds two services per day; giving, during the year, some seventy-five or eighty services, the Bible expositor being present six or seven days during each tour. Mrs. Berry has once, and Miss Talcott twice, ac­ companied the medical men on these tours, with the most happy results. Could an efficient lady helper regularly accompany the medical worker, the amount of missionary work accomplished might be doubled. The entire cost of three hospitals, and one dispensary in Banshu, together with the expense of the bi-monthly tour of the medical man and Bible helper, is borne by the people of the Ban­ shu province. “ Medical visits, in connection with the native doctors of the Kobe hospital, have been made several times to Amagasaki, a city near Osaka. It was hoped that regular services could be commenced there about the first of April, but they were unfortunately delayed by the governor, though desired by a number of the people. There is every reason to expect that at no distant day services can be held there, through the dispensary.” 1875.1 MICRONESIA MISSION. 61

THE FUTURE. By recent letters we are informed that Kioto, the sacred capital, is being opened to missionary effort. Five and a half acres of land have been secured, in a very favorable locality, from persons of much influence in the city, at a merely nominal figure, for the pur­ pose of Christian education, where it is expected that the theological training school will be opened as soon as permission can be secured from the central government. This will, it is hoped, be the nucleus of an institution which will meet the rapidly opening demands for a thoroughly scientific yet Christian education. The above facts, and many incidents from time to time published in the “ Missionary Herald,” and in “ Life and Light,” make it more than ever manifest that Japan is on the eve of great advances. Now is the seed-time, the time to go forth weeping, bearing precious seed, assured that we shall in due time, — and it may be very speed­ ily, — come again with rejoicing.

MICRONESIA MISSION. — C o ^ p e k a t i v e .

AMERICAN MISSIONARIES. Gilbert Islands.— Apaiang— Hiram Bingham, Horace J. Tavlor. Missionaries ; Mrs. Minerva C. Bingham. — One organized church. One out-station, at Apemama ; one native teacher.

M a r s h a l l I s l a n d s . — Ebon— B. G- Snow, J. I'. Whitney, Missionaries; Mrs. L. V. Snow, Mrs. L. M . Whitney. — One organized church. One out-station, on Navia- rik, with one organized church, and one native teacher.

C a r o l i n e I s l a n d s . — Ponape— A. A. Sturges, Robert W. Logan, Missionaries; Frank E. Rand, Missionary Teacher; Mrs. S. M. Sturges, Mrs. Mary E. Logan, Mrs. Carrie T. Rand. — Eight organized churches,— at Kenan, Awak, U, On:a, Jupahtp, Warner, Kit-i, anil Palong ; two licensed preachers. Five out-stations, — Kusaie, (under Mr. Snow’s care,) one organized church, and one native pastor; Pingelap, one organized church, and one Ponape preacher ; Mokil, one organized church, and one Ponape teacher; Mortloch Islands — Satoan, two Ponape preachers, Lukunor, one Ponape preacher.

HAWAIIAN MISSIONARIES.

G i l b e r t I s l a n d s . — Tajriteuea — Rev. B. W . Kapu and w ife; Rev. H. B. Nalimu and wife. Nonouti — Rev. G . Leleo and wife. Maiana — W . N. Lono and wife. Tarawa — W . Haina and wife. Marakei — D. Kanoho and wife, and a native teacher. Butaritari— Rev. J. Kanoa, Rev. R. Maka and wife. — Four organized churches.

M a r s h a l l I s l a n d s . — Jaluit — Rev. I ) . Kapali and wife. Mejuro — S. W. Ke- kuewa and wife. Arno — T). P. Haaia and wife, and a native teacher. Miile — S. Kahelemauna and wife. — Three organized churches. 3 stations occupied by Americans, 9 by Hawaiians; 7 out-stations; 20 organized churches; 7 American, and 11 Hawaiian missionaries; 6 American, and 11 Hawaiian female assistant missionaries; 1 native pastor; G native licensed preachers; 4 native teachers. 62 MICRONESIA MISSION. [Report,

(The American missionaries in Micronesia are supported by the American Board, and the Hawaiian by the Board of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association.)

The Morning Star left Honolulu, under the command of Captain Gelett, on the 11th of July, 1874, visited all the stations and out- stations once, and the most important of them twice, and again reached Honolulu, after a prosperous voyage, on the 3d of Febru­ ary, 1875. Messrs. Taylor, Logan, and Rand, with their wives, went in the vessel to reinforce the mission ; also Mrs. Sturges, re­ turning to Ponape. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor remained on Apaiang, the rest on Ponape. On the 26tli of September, 1874, Mrs. Taylor was removed by death, leaving, brief as her missionary life had been, a sweet savor of love to the benighted people among whom she wras laid to rest. Mr. Doane returned on the Morning Star to Honolulu, having left his work on Ponape with the expectation of joining his wife in Japan, as her health will not admit of her living in Micronesia. A letter from Mrs. Bingham, dated Samoa Islands, July 5, 1875, announces the serious illness of Mr. Bingham. At a time when some change was urgently called for, a providential opportunity pre­ sented itself for a visit to the Samoas, where they arrived on the 29th of June. Mr. Bingham’s illness would probably’ have proved fatal had he remained on the Gilbert Islands till the next arrival of the Morning Star; but having left, Dr. Turner, of the London Mis­ sionary Society, from whom he was receiving the greatest kindness, was very hopeful of his restoration to health, and ability to work again. The death of Mrs. Kanoa, wife of the Hawaiian missionary on Butaritari, is briefly mentioned, but with no particulars.

GILBERT ISLANDS. The missionaries have been much rejoiced at the temperance re­ vival on Apaiang. It dated from the month of March, 1874. In November, Mr. Bingham wrote: “ The young king has been faithful in imposing fines on drinkers in our vicinity, and high chiefs have carried out his wishes in other parts of the island. Peace, also, has prevailed during all the year, nor do we now see anything which seriously threatens its continuance.” An attempt has been made to establish a government common school in Koinawa. The teacher was to have been paid by the people, but Mr. Bingham reports that, as yet, only the Christian people pay the quarterly government tax, of one shell of cocoanut oil; and from October 26, 1874, to March 22, 1875, only two dollars’ worth of oil had been paid in. The se­ 1875.] MICRONESIA MISSION. 63 lect, or training school, has had about twenty pupils, six of whom were young women and girls. The last term reported, closing in March, is spoken of as having been a very pleasant one. The pu­ pils provide for themselves. One, however, was obliged to return to her friends for want of food. Half the pupils are members of the church, and of the remainder, all but the youngest are inquirers. On the 27tli of December, fourteen were received to the church by profession, making a total of forty-four in good standing. The con­ gregations had somewhat diminished in numbers at the last report, but it was hoped that eight or ten would be admitted to the church in April, and there were as many more who would be glad to be baptized if it were thought best. Little is reported from the stations occupied by Hawaiian mis­ sionaries ; we glean, however, a few facts from Captain Gelett’s brief report. Regarding Tapiteuea, the most southern of the islands occupied by us in this group. Captain Gelett says : “ Schools were visited and appeared well. The scholars number from twenty-five to thirty-six, reading well, writing a good hand, and were well ad­ vanced in geography. The good work seems to be prospering." O f Nonouti he reports : *■ This is a hard place. The natives are insolent, and have frequently robbed their teacher. His school is small — not much accomplished yet.” There is no report from the Gilbert Island catechist on Apemama, or from Maiana, where there is a Hawaiian teacher. The Hawaiian missionary and a native teacher on Marakei, report progress. Of Butaritari, Captain Ge­ lett says: “ The good work is prospering; the schools, though small, are kept up, and the general bearing of the king and natives is friendly to the teachers.” Mr. Doane reports of this island that the work is in a healthy state, that there are some six church edifices, with a membership of about 130, and that the king’s brother is a member of the church. There are five organized churches in the Gilbert Islands, with a membership of about two hundred ; eighty-two of whom are re­ ported as having been added during the past year. The four islands of this group south of Tapiteuea are occupied by native Samoan teachers, under the direction of missionaries of the London Missionary Society. Propositions kindly made by the English missionaries on the Samoan Islands, to pass over their work in the Gilbert Islands to the Hawaiian Board, have finally been de­ clined by the latter, in consequence of anticipated difficulty in pro­ viding for the native Samoan teachers, who would also have been transferred. 64 MICRONESIA MISSION. [Report,

MARSHALL ISLANDS. A t Ebon, where Messrs. Snow and Whitney reside, the schools are reported as having been unusually flourishing. The select school had, during its first term, an average attendance of seventy- five pupils. A theological class, with some twenty-five pupils, has been taught, but some of the most trying cases of falling away have been among the members of this class, “• blighting,” says Mr. Snow, “ some of the brightest hopes for a working force upon the other islands. But,” he adds, “ the work is spreading, and will spread, till all these islands are brought under the blessed power of the gospel.” Thirty-two members had been added to the church since the last re­ port, and twenty-three children baptized. Mr. Doane says, “ The Lord has blessed this mission. The churches are growing, and the schools ; and the whole people seem to be renewed.” The church on Namarik has received seventy-seven members from the beginning— eighteen during the past year. On Messrs. Snow7 and Doane’s visit there, in December, the church voted to support, henceforth, their own teacher, a native of Ebon. There^is an organized church of fifty-six members on Jaluit. M r. Snow' says, •• The good work looks very hopeful and encouraging on this atoll. The schools are well attended, and the foreigners speak well of the labors of the Hawaiian missionaries.” Messrs. Capelle & Co. “ trade in such materials, for the produce of the island, that those who care to clothe themselves can do it, and have some mar­ gin for other conveniences. It also show's something of the enter­ prise of the people, that one of their chiefs owns a small trading vessel, and mans and runs it himself.” The church on Mille num­ bered twenty-three at the time of last reports, and there are four schools, with 480 under instruction. Captain Gelett reports the work on A rno and M ejuro as progressing. Under date of February 8th, 1875, Mr. Snow stated that they had printed, during the previous year, on their hand press, in the Mar­ shall Islands language, not only their little newspaper, but also Hymns, Bible-stories, a Primer, Almanac Sheets, a Geography, and the book of Genesis — a total of 43,500 pages. The editions were small, for lack of paper, and the Geography and Genesis were but partly finished. There had been printed in the Kusaie language, also, a total of 9,400 pages. KUSAIE. From September 19th to November 14th, while the Morning Star was gone westward, Mr. Snow was with the interesting people of Strong’s Island, very much to their advantage. During his resi­ 1875.1 MICRONESIA MISSION. 65

dence among them a bloodless revolution was effected, by the depo­ sition of the old king, in consequence of his vices, and the election of a new one. Mr. Snow took with him newly prepared translations of the Epistle to the Colossians and the two Episiles to the Thessa- lonians, and held many much needed “ expository meetings with the more intelligent, in order to help them to an understanding of those Epistles, together with that to the Philippians, taken to them last year.” Several new hymns were also taken, adapted to pleasing airs, which were a source of great enjoyment to the children, as well as to the older people. The population of this island is 397 Kusaiens, 98 natives of other Micronesian islands, 8 Polynesians, 6 Americans, and 6 Europeans ; making a total of 515. There are now ninety-two church members in good standing — fifty-four men and thirty-eight women.

PINGELAP AND MOKIL. These two islands are out-stations of Ponape. The Morning Star arrived at Pingelap on its way to Ponape, on a Sabbath day, but not a person came off to the vessel, so strictly is the Sabbath now kept. Mr. Doane landed there on the 11th of November, where he met al­ most the entire people, in one of the largest meeting-houses in Mi­ cronesia. He organized a church of seven members, with two dea­ cons. After the communion he married forty-four couples, and then gathered up some five barrels of oil, — the first gifts at the monthly concert, — and one barrel for books, — contributed not by Chris­ tians as such, but by those expecting to be such. The population of this island is about 800. Mr. Doane spent the Sabbath, Novem­ ber 8th, on Mokil on his return to the Sandwich Islands. He met the whole population, numbering eighty souls ; baptized twelve, mar­ ried three couples, and received one hundred and fifty gallons of cocoanut oil for monthly concert contributions, besides eighteen for books. The church here now numbers thirty-four,— twenty-two of whom joined during the year.

PONAPE. Mr. Sturges reports himself as having been busy during the year in visiting among the churches, all of which are alive, if they have not much life.” There are about one hundred adults under instruction in the rudimentary branches, and about as many more children. The select, or training school, has about twenty-five pupils — six from Pingelap, and two from Yap. A building is being erected by the people, twenty feet by sixty, for a girls’ school. Mr. Doane reports seven organized churches, the church at U having about fifty mem­ 66 MICRONESIA MISSION. {Report, bers, while Awak has 150, and Kenan 224. The total of church members on Ponape is about five hundred, some seventy-five of whom were added during the year.

MORTLOCK ISLANDS. The work on this group, a part of the great Caroline chain, is an outgrowth of missionary zeal from Ponape. Three Ponape teachers and their wives were landed there in January, 1874, — two on Satoan, and one on Lukunor. Not a word had been heard from the teachers since they were left there, eight months before, until, in October last, the Morning Star again visited them ; but they were found all well, living in neat houses, and all honored as leaders. Four meet­ ing-houses, besides the two parsonages, have been built voluntarily, by the people themselves, though as yet, of course, a church has not been organized. The language of this group differs somewhat from that of Ponape, but the teachers seem to have mastered it. I\Ir. Sturges says of the time spent on this second visit to the, Mortlock Islands, “ More sunny days can hardly be spent on the mortal side of the river. The pleasantest memories of my life center in this our infant mission. Precious ‘ hundred fold.’ ”

GENERAL VIEW.

It is now twenty-four years since the first company of three mis­ sionaries, with their wives, sailed from Boston, and twenty-three since they left the Sandwich Islands, with two Hawaiian helpers, for Micronesia. Mr. Doane thus states the results: “ These first few' laborers have been increased, till now there are seven American missionaries, and eleven Hawaiians. Four of the most important dialects of the field have been reduced to writing, and into all of them the New Testament, or a portion of it, has been translated. More than 2,500,000 pages of school-books and of the Scriptures have been printed. More than five hundred Christian songs have been prepared, either original or translated. There are three train­ ing schools, with 100 pupils, and many hundreds of natives read well what has been printed for them. There are about twenty churches, with a membership in the aggregate, of about 1,200, giving, for each of the twenty-two years of toil, forty-five conversions. The contri­ butions at the monthly concerts for the past year will be hard on to one thousand dollars, and not a small sum have the natives paid for books. Aud from these churches there have been sent forth (and partly supported by them) ten catechists, some as home, some as foreig n laborers; and the so-called foreign ones are emphatically so, going to a people of another dialect, as foreign to them, almost, as to an Am erican missionary.'’ 1875.] CHOCTAW MISSION. 67

CHOCTAW MISSION.

Gkeen H ill (twenty miles from Fort Smith.) — Simon L . Hobbs, M. D ., Mission­ ary; Mrs. Mary C. Hobbs.

The communications received from Dr. Hobbs during the year, have spoken of two hindrances which lie has been obliged to en­ counter. (1.) The poverty of many of the Choctaws in his field has proved a serious obstacle. As the winter of 1874-5 was excep­ tionally severe, they found themselves wholly unprepared to grapple with its manifold discomforts. The crops of 1874 were insufficient for their support; consequently there has been much suffering for lack of food. In suoh circumstances it was not to be expected that the attendance upon public worship would be as large and constant as it might otherwise have been. (2.) The presence of certain white families, especially at an important and influential place, has been unfavorable. A few have become lessees of “ improvements ” in that locality, and they are showing by their manner of life that the Christianization of their Indian neighbors is to receive but little assistance from them. Still the labors of the year have not been unproductive. There are five preaching places under the care of Dr. Hobbs at the present time, all of which he visits as often as he is able to do so, and unto which, moreover, Rev. Harris Dana, — a pupil at Lenox before the war, but now an ordained preacher o f “ full Choctaw blood,” and supported by the Southern Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, — has ministered as a useful fellow laborer. A sixth place (Jack’s Fork) has had the benefit of occasional services. The following table embodies the information of chief interest to the friends of missions. The first column of figures indicates the distance of the several places mentioned from the eastern boun­ dary of the field, which is also the eastern boundary of the Choctaw country.

Average At­ Present Mem­ Added by Profession tendance. bership. during the Year.

Green Hill . . . 20 60 40 5 Buck Creek . . 30 36 6 Lenox . . . 70 37 8 San I3ois . . 50 80 10 Holson’s .... 30 Jack’s Pork . . 125 50

It may excite surprise that the average number of worshipers is no greater. But, in addition to what has been intimated already, 68 DAKOTA MISSION. [Report,

the heavy rains of the last twelve-month have done much to diminish the attendance upon the means of grace. Atid it should be understood that the occupancy of the three last named places is comparatively recent. Indeed, the ten communicants at San Bois are as yet without a formal organization. It will be noticed that Dr. Hobbs reports fewer additions to the churches under his supervision than he did last year. He regrets the necessity for making such an exhibit of the spiritual results of his endeavors. But a letter, dated August 19th, 1875, states that others were expected to confess their faith in the Saviour at an early day. And it appears from the same letter, that during the year 1874, there were thirty-five additions to the churches on exam­ ination, and that since he reached his present home, November 14, 1872, it has been his privilege to receive seventy-two persons into Christian fellowship. He feels, therefore, that he has not labored wholly in vain, and in this conviction the patrons of the Board will doubtless concur.

DAKOTA MISSION.

G ood W ill. (Dakota Territory). — Stephen R. Riggs, Missionary; Wyllys K. Morris, Teacher; Mrs. Annie B. Riggs, Mrs. Martha R. Morris. Daniel Renville, Native Pastor.

S a n t e e A g e n c y (Nebraska). — Alfred L. Riggs, Missionary; George Burton, Steward; Mrs. Mary B. Riggs; Miss Maria L. Haines and Mrs. Lucinda P. Ingham, Teachers in the Home; Miss Martha A. Shepard, Teacher in the Normal School; Ar- temas Ehnamani, Native Pastor; John Eastman and Eli Abraham, Native Teachers. Bogue (Dakota Territory, nine miles below Fort Sully). — Thomas L. Riggs, Mis­ sionary ; Mrs. Kina M. Riggs.

O u t - s t a t i o .v s . — Connected with Good W ill.— Ascension, John Baptist Renville, Native Pastor; Lorg Hollow, Solomon Toonkanshaechay, Native Pastor; Mayasan, David Grey Cloud, Native {acting) Pastor ; Buffalo Lake and Wabe, Louis Mazawa- kinyanna, Native (acting) Pastor. Connected with Santee Agency. — Bazil Creek, Titus Echadoose, Native Pastor. Connected with Bogue. — Hope, two native helpers; Chantier Bottom, two native helpers.

Miss Bishop has felt constrained to retire from Bogue for the present, on account of ill health ; and two other ladies — Misses Col­ lins and Whipple — are expecting to take her place this autumn. The name of Miss Shepard appears for the first time in the roll of laborers at Santee Agency. Her services are highly prized, and it is hoped that they will be available for some time to come.

DISCOURAGEMENTS. Reference was made in the last report to certain obstacles to the success of our efforts at the Santee Agency, to wit, the inefficiency 1875.] DAKOTA MISSION. 69

of the incumbent of the Agency, and the disaffection which had grown out of the ungratified desire of the elders and deacons to re­ ceive a pecuniary consideration for their services. The same causes have in a measure retarded the work of the past year. Eight mem­ bers of the Pilgrim Church have gone to the Episcopal mission, be­ cause of the disaffection just mentioned, and in their new connection they have found a different policy prevalent. On the same Reservation, a considerable number have openly set their faces towards heathenism, under the leadership of a principal chief who has been a prominent member of the Episcopal church. They discourage attendance upon the services of the Sabbath, “ favor conjuring, participate in gambling parties, and get up dancing excur­ sions to other tribes.” On the Sissiton Eeservation, one of the United States Indian Inspectors having announced that “ the gov­ ernment did not intend at present to interfere with polygamy, or put down heathen dances,” a painful reaction began to develop itself immediately, so that many Christians (including the native pastors) in that field felt strongly inclined to remove to other localities, in order that they might escape the demoralizing influences which threatened them. But the earnest and weighty appeals of Mr. S. 11. Riggs prevented their taking this step. The Committee are constrained to say that one of the chief ob­ structions to missionary success among the Dakotas is the want of a regular civil government. Two years ago, the Secretary of the In­ terior and the Commissioner o f Indian Affairs promised the inaugura­ tion of such a government on the Sissiton Reservation. For some reason, however, the expectations of the better class of Indians re­ siding there have been disappointed. It can be easily imagined how disheartening such a state of things must be to our missionary breth­ ren, and how' urgent is the need of a radical and permanent change.

THE CHURCHES.

The spiritual results of the year have not equaled the expecta­ tions of the Committee. The seven churches under the care of the Board have received but thirty-five persons into Christian fellowship for the first time,— a smaller number than has been reported for many years. Indeed, only one station has enjoyed a decided quick­ ening from above. At Ascension, it is stated, the members of a fe­ male prayer-ineeting “ organized themselves into a praying band, and went from house to house, offering prayer for the inmates, in some cases coming upon heathen families in.the act of conjuring.” As the fruit of this time of refreshing, the pastor is permitted to re­ port fifteen accessions to his church. 70 DAKOTA MISSION. [Report,

The statistics of the seven churches are embraced in the following table : —

Present Mem­ Recent Churchcs. Ministers. bers. Additions.

Santee Agency . . Artemas Ehnamani .... 172 7 Ascension . . . John 13. R e n v ille ...... 133 15 Long Hollow . . Solomon Toonkanshaechay . . 74 1 Good ill . . . Daniel lienville ...... 82 1 Mayasan .... David Grev C lo u d ...... 5D 9 Buffalo Luke . . Louis Mazawakinvanna . . . 36 2 Kettle Lakes . . 29

585 35

In two particulars, however, there has been gratifying progress, The churches have given more for the erection of houses of worship, and more for the support of their pastors, than they have given for these objects in any one year before. A new edifice has been com­ pleted at Ascension, for which the Dakotas contributed S77G ; and another has been built at Mayasan, for which the people contributed SI20. The amount secured for the pastor at the former station was $300; while the pastor at Good "Will received from his congrega­ tion $203. The other five churches on the Sissiton Reservation have raised for ministerial support $275. And this advance is the more commendable and encouraging, from the fact that it has been made in the face of the devastation wrought by the grasshoppers last year. SCHOOLS. The educational department appears to have been unusually pros­ perous. On the Sissiton Reservation the Manual Labor School, supported by the government, has gone into successful operation ; and the temporary relation which Mr. and Mrs. Morris have sus­ tained thereto, has ceased. In the absence of recent information from Mr. T. L. Riggs, the Committee can only refer to a letter of his dated February 18th. “• Our winter schools were opened in November, and the interest in them has steadily increased. At our station and at both out-stations there is a regular day school for children, a school twice a week for the women, at which they are taught to sew, etc., and an evening school for young men. While every branch of the work is cheering in its steady growth and promise of good, I regard the efforts for young men as especially so. Indeed, the interest that has been de­ veloped is remarkable and brings great encouragement. Between seventy-five and one hundred young men have during the past eight weeks attended our schools, though the average will not exceed forty.” 1875.] DAKOTA MISSION. 71

The whole number who have received instruction at Santee Agency within the year is eighty-seven. Of course, the average at­ tendance has been much smaller ; and yet there seems to be a mani­ fest improvement in this regard. According to the report of Mr. A. L. Riggs, the grade of instruction is becoming higher and higher. The native teachers “ are proving themselves to be good workmen.” The night school was continued during the winter, and in it Mr. A. L. Riggs had “ an interesting class in geometry.” The young men’s boarding hall was open five months and a half, the longest period hitherto. The condition and prospects of the Home are said to be “ very encouraging.” Of the twenty-two who enjoyed its privileges during the year, eighteen were inmates at the same time. “ In all branches of domestic work,” says Mr. A. L. Riggs, “ the girls have made good progress, and some of them have learned to milk and make butter. Last fall, at the invitation of the Indian Department, we bought a loom, and our girls with several women received instruction in weav­ ing from Miss Cook, the teacher sent by the United States Govern­ ment for that purpose.” Much is expected from the influence of the pupils of the Home in coming years. “ One who was with us,” Mr. A. L. Riggs remarks, “ a short time at the first opening, has for the last year been of great use near Fort Sully, as a teacher of the girls and young women in reading and sewing. Her father was in charge at the Hope Station ; this took her there, and she turned out to be perhaps the most useful member of the family. Others are now in homes of their own, and we notice evident proofs, in their personal appearance and in their housekeeping, of the benefit which they have received. Even when the discipline of the Home was so irksome to them that it seemed to drive them off, I can see that it gave them ideas which they do not forget.” LITEKAltY LABORS.

The Dakota Monthly, “ Iapi Oaye,” published by the American Board in connection with the Presbyterian Board, retains, and more than retains, its popularity. Indeed, it appears to be exerting an influence that is constantly increasing, and is at the same time very sal utary. Upon the suggestion of the Commissioner of Indian affairs, Mr. S. R. Riggs has prepared a Dakota English Reader, of 112 pages, illustrated with colored engravings. It is the special object of the volume to present the two languages in alternate lines, the one be­ ing the translation of the other, and thereby facilitate the acquisi­ tion of either of them by those who are ignorant of the other. The 72 MISSION TO WESTERN MEXICO. [Report,

plan of the Commissioner is believed to have been happily executed, and the work can hardly fail to be helpful in many ways. For his winter work, Mr. S. R. Riggs made a first translation of the book of Ezekiel, and also a revised copy of Jeremiah.

AGENCIES. Mr. Adams, heretofore the Indian Agent on the Sissiton Reser­ vation, has retired from his post, having performed a valuable ser vice for the Dakotas who were placed under his care. The Presi­ dent, on the nomination of the American Missionary Association, has appointed Mr. Hamilton, of Ohio, to fill the vacancy ; and the Committee are happy in the belief that he feels a sincere interest in the welfare of the Indians, spiritual as well as temporal; and they cannot but hope that his administration will prove satisfactory to the Government, and useful to those who enjoy his supervision.

MISSION TO WESTERN MEXICO.

G u a d a l a j a r a (population 8 0 ,0 0 0 ).— David AVatluns, John Edwards, Missiona­ rie s ; Mrs. Edna M. Watkins, Mrs. Mary Jane Edwards. 1 station; 1 organized church; 2 missionaries; 2 female assistant missionaries. Mr. Morgan has, at his own request, been released from the mis­ sionary work ; but on the 24th of April the mission was reinforced by Mr. Edwards and wife from Wales — fellow countrymen of Mr. and Mrs. Watkins.

MR. STEPHENS’ ASSASSINATION, AND ITS CONSEQUENCES. Notwithstanding the good intentions and vigorous efforts of Presi­ dent Lerdo and the Central Government, the murderer of Mr. Ste­ phens, and the nine who were indicted as accessories, were finally- released by the local authorities, and were reported as “ walking about the streets of Ahualulco, insulting the Protestants, and glory­ ing in their vile deed.” 1 This of course emboldened the persecutors and intimidated many. It continued to be for some time dangerous to preach in the suburbs even of Guadalajara. Mr. Morgan wrote on the 24th of August, 1874: The assassination of our brother caused wide-spread fear among the people, and many were pre­ vented from attending worship with Mr. Watkins, because the Ro­ manists declared that all attending would be marked, and would certainly pay, with their lives, the penalty of their heresy.” But in January he writes: “ The blood of our classmate Stephens has not been uselessly shed. His murder was one of the principal argu-

1 Since this Report was written, intelligence has been received that five of the mur­ derers have been executed. 1875.1 MISSION TO WESTERN MEXICO. 73 ments for the additions and reforms lately made in the laws of Mexico. These recently passed laws are all that we can desire.’ At the close of the year the mission reported that the apprehensions of danger among the people had in a degree subsided. During the month of February the whole region was severely dis­ turbed with earthquakes, and nearly all the churches of Guadalajara were rendered unsafe. At the village of San Cristobal, eight leagues distant, some thirty-five lives were lost, “ and nearly all the houses reduced to ruins.” Mr. Watkins reported, as a natural consequence, “ The people are very much alarmed, and say that the Protestants, Masons, etc., are the cause o f all this shaking ; the clergy, o f course, using every opportunity to prejudice the people against us.” Under date of February 20, Mr. Morgan wrote: “ A week ago Monday we had a very severe shock of earthquake, and have had slight ones nearly every day or night since. Different periodicals have been circulated, stating that the Protestants were the cause of these disasters,— that God was thus showing his displeasure be­ cause they have been allowed to introduce their heretical doctrines into this country. The poor ignorant people believe this and are in the highest state of excitement. We have heard that they have a plan against us, and we are taking every precaution possible. The most scurrilous papers are now being printed and circulated, threat­ ening us in every manner possible, if we do not leave the country. What the end may be we know not.” In various neighboring regions, also, there was active persecu­ tion. At Culhuacan the Protestants were insulted, fourwere badly wounded, and one of their houses was burned. In Zamora a Prot­ estant was dragged through the streets with a lasso; and in “ Dolores, as well as in two or three other places, Protestants have been killed.” In the same letter, however, on the 10th of March, Mr. Wat­ kins remarked: “ All that is now passing, under God’s blessing» will soon work in our favor.”

G R O W T H OF T H E WORK. It was almost inevitable that, under all the excitement of the past year, the schools should dwindle, as reported, “ to a nominal figure.” But it is interesting to know that the “ reunion,” or congregation, was but slightly affected. In August, “ the average numbers at the morning and afternoon congregations on the Sabbath were from seventy-five to ninety. As the morning and afternoon assemblies differ greatly, the actual number of worshipers every Sunday may amount to one hundred and ten or one hundred and twenty persons regular residents in this city. Monday and Wednesday evening con­ 74 MISSION TO WESTERN MEXICO. \Repm t, gregations number from thirty to forty.” On the 20th of May, Mr. Edwards wrote : “ The room is always full; all are more or less at­ tentive to the W ord; and there are many anxious inquirers. Many come in the week to learn more about the salvation preached to them on Sundays, and these glad tidings move their hearts with joy.” The eagerness of those who attend, in the study of the Bible, in­ dicates the great privation they have suffered in this regard, under the Romish administration of religious things. Repeating passages of Scripture, after the discourse, has been kept up with much en­ thusiasm. One young man, twenty-seven or thirty years of age,” it was said, “ is ready with a whole chapter of Scripture whenever called on ; and he chooses some of the most difficult passages, of forty or fifty verses, for recitation, delivering them with a readiness that bespeaks his perfect knowledge of his subject.” To such an extent were these recitations carried, that Mr. Watkins was obliged at one time to limit each one to five or ten verses. “ There is,” he says, •• a hunger for the Bible in Mexico, which you may readily be­ lieve when you hear of one young woman reciting, without a fault, the whole Epistle of James, and another, two or three chapters of Isaiah, or of Corinthians, or Genesis, etc. In fact, there is no bushel so large that it can hide the increasing light shining from the Word of God. Nor are the hearers content to hear for themselves alone. Sev­ eral instances are given of active efforts to spread the glad tidings. The 'most striking of these cases is that of a young man recently reported by Mr. Edwards. “ For months he has been travelling through the country, speaking about salvation, showing the people the vanity of idols, and of many other things in the church of Rome, and that we can be saved only by faith in Christ. When his sup­ ply of money was exhausted he would go and earn a little, and start again on his simple and telling errand. Although persecuted much, he has thus travelled five hundred miles, saying that Jesus is the only Saviour, and his book the only rule of faith. We have been trying to teach him more of simple Christianity, and to make him better acquainted with the Word of God. He will soon start again, to preach Christ in the length and breadth of the land.” On the 2oth of December, 1874, fifty-six adults were added to the church, making the total membership seventy-one; many of these were from Ahualulco, where Mr. Stephens was murdered in the early part of the year. In July last, twenty more were added. Late letters from the brethren announce the formation of a train­ ing class of three promising young men— an educated and evan­ gelical native agency being one of the very pressing needs of the work in that, as in so many other fields. 1875.] MISSION TO NORTHERN MEXICO. 75

RESULTS AND PROSPECTS. ■ After a month of observation, Mr. Edwards writes of the work, that he is “ convinced of its great success.” ' “ Not only among those that attend the service on Sunday and in the week is the power of the Gospel felt, but it has reached those that seldom or never attend, being either too far away or detained by other circumstances. In the State Prison there are souls rejoic­ ing in the liberty of the truth, and in the Hospital some are not afraid to die. They know the true God, and the One he sent to save the world, and thus they have eternal life. Business men sometimes lose their customers because they obey the faith. For the same reason young men are deprived of good situations, as teachers, etc., and children quit their homes rather than deny their Redeem er.” Nor is it in Guadalajara and Ahualulco alone that the good seed is taking root. A number of families in the city Leon— “ in popu­ lation, the second city of the Union,” with 100,000 souls — are anx­ ious for a missionary, as the result of one man’s labors. “ This man was brought» to the knowledge O of Christ in this mission,1 and he gladly talks of what he knows to his family and friends at home. He calls here occasionally for a new supply of Bibles, books, etc., to distribute and sell among his acquaintances in Leon, and his endeav­ ors are blessed with wonderful results. Knowing these things, we are very anxious that a missionary should be sent to that great city.” ' Mr. Edwards significantly closes his first letter with the remark : “ ‘ The word of God is increasing, the number of the disciples is multiplied greatly,’ but, ‘ a great company of the priests are ’ not ‘ obedient to the faith.’ ”

MISSION TO NORTHERN MEXICO.

M ox terk y (Capital of Xueva Leon; population 30,000).— J. K. Kilbourn, Mis­ sionary; Miss Caroline M. Strong. — T^n organized churches, — at Monterey, Los Ha- bras) Montcmorelos, Catarra, Cadereyia, Merquital, San Francisco, Allende, Aqua- leguas, and Santa Cruz. 1 station; 5 out-stations; 10 organized churches; 1 missionary; 1 female assistant missionary; 2 ordained native ministers; 4 evangelists; 6 teachers.

Mr. Beveridge, who was connected with the mission during most of the year, has recently retired. Mr. and Mrs. Herrick also have returned to this country, and all have received honorable dismissal from missionary service. During the latter half of 1874, Mr. Her-, rick made several visits among the out-stations, doing important work in sustaining the native laborers, and stimulating the churches. ■76 MISSION TO NORTHERN MEXICO. [Report,

Mr. Kilbourn’s and Miss Strong’s but partial acquaintance with the language, and Mr. Beveridge’s long and serious illness, have im­ peded the work at Monterey during the year. Yet preaching in the chapel has been maintained largely by the native minister, and the congregation has somewhat increased, as has also the interest in the study of the Scriptures. Miss Strong has opened a small day school for girls, in which she is deeply interested. Referring to the new laws against the convents and the nuns, Miss Strong says: “ This important movement brightens the prospect for Protestant schools.” Writing on the first of April, Mr. Beveridge reported that all per­ secution had ceased in the entire field, though it was uncertain how long this peace might last. The enforcement of the school laws, and the desire of parents to escape the government school tax, hud led to a larger attendance on the schools of the mission helpers But, Mr. Beveridge adds, The Government, if assisting us on one side, is also causing us some inconvenience. We have in many places held meetings in private houses. This we cannot do since the late law was passed. We can use any building, no matter how mean and poor (a stable for instance), as a place of worship, but we cannot use it for any other purpose. It must be used for that alone, after giving due notice to the authorities. This puts us to the ne­ cessity of renting a special room for our worship, which I fear is go­ ing to give us some trouble.”

OUT-STATIONS. Galeana had not been visited by the Papal Bishop for seven years, because of the difficulty of reaching it; but during the year past he spent sixteen days there, making special efforts to “ nip the Protestant work in the bud.” It was at first reported that some had turned from the truth, but in a subsequent letter Mr. Herrick writes that he found all the members standing firm. There is neither a preacher nor a teacher at this place, where some one is much needed for the development of the work. Los Habras is reported as having “ a small society o f six or seven families, with some choice spirits.” Though our Board has never done anything for this church, save for books, Mr. Herrick speaks of it as having shown “ more activity than some larger churches, in places where much is expended yearly.” A t Allende there was, in December, “ much to encourage; full meetings, fine singing, deep and earnest attention to the Word.” Moniemorelos seems to be the most important of the out-stations. The church here was reported in December, by Mr. Herrick, as 1875.1 MISSION TO SPAIN. 77

“ growing more rapidly than any other in the mission.” In Sep­ tember, 1874, four new members were received to this church, and in October seven, three of them heads of families. In March, Don Brigido, the ordained evangelist, visited Montemorelos, where he held large meetings and baptized two persons. Mr. Herrick wrote in December, of “ a small but flourishing church ” at La Catarra, where he had had full meetings, and where lie hoped they would do something toward self-support. *• The major­ ity,” he says, 11 of the families in this ranche are Protestants.” Statistics very recently received, give the number of churches connected with this mission as ten, with not far from 257 members. The additions during the last year by profession, were forty-three. There are also reported, for the year, seven schools with 107 pupils. Three of these schools have been recently discontinued for want of competent teachers. The Committee hope to be able soon to send another missionary and his wife to reinforce the mission, now so much reduced.

MISSION TO SPAIN.

Saxtaxdek. — 'William H. Gulick, Thomas L. Gulick, Missionaries; J ii s . Alice G. Gulick, Mrs. Alice E. Gulick. . 1 station; 2 missionaries; 2 female assistant missionaries.

THE POLITICAL SITUATION. Spain still continues in the throes of political convulsions. Don Carlos retains his hold upon the mountains and valleys’of the Pyr­ enees, in Navarre, and the Basque Provinces, though’ his prospect of securing the throne of Spain seems very doubtful. Don Alfonso has secured the national army, and consequently the throne, but his position is necessarily a precarious one. His partial attempts at a liberal administration have disappointed the clerical party, who were principally instrumental in his accession ; and the arbitrary meas­ ures of his government against civil and religious liberty have angered the friends of progress. It is difficult to forecast the imme­ diate future o f Spain ; but it is safe to say that this period of agitation and conflict is on the whole productive of good in its educational influence upon the people, and that it is furnishing an opportunity for sowing Gospel seed, such as could, perhaps, in no other way have been secured. Almost the entire northwest of Spain is ours to cultivate, and there is no cause for discouragement, as appears from the experience of our mission during the past year. In April, Mr. William Gulick wrote: “ We have not yet suffered the least hindrance or trouble from the government, and we have 78 MISSION TO SPAIN. [Report,

strong hope that, however reactionary it may become, the evangel­ ical work in Spain will suffer from it no permanent check or harm. On the contrary, it seems probable that such persecution as we may expect will only serve to purify and ennoble the pastors and people, while not hindering, essentially, any really desirable efforts at evan­ gelization.”

"WORK IN SANTANDER. Notwithstanding the political excitements, and the reactionary tendencies of the new government, missionary work has been quietly prosecuted in Santander, during the year past. Services were held in the chapel till the middle of March, with no troublesome incidents save the occasional dashing of a stone through the windows. The audiences numbered about forty regular hearers, with “ a continually increasing attendance of others, making the average, since the new year, nearer fifty than less, while the Sabbath-school has increased to about thirty.” A deepening interest on the part of the older at­ tendants has been, also, one of the special encouragements. The marriage of one of the colporters in the chapel, in February, “ was witnessed with much interest by the entire congregation, most of whom had never seen the beautiful simplicity of our ceremony.” In March, however, the rent of the room used as chapel could not be renewed on account of its having passed into the hands of an earnest Homan Catholic lady. Diligent search has been made for months to find another place, but, thus far, with no success. San­ tander is still crowded with refugees from the Basque Provinces, and by many business firms from Bilbao and San Sebastian, so that there is great scarcity of houses, and landlords are sure of renting every available space at high rates, for less obnoxious purposes than as a Protestant Chapel. Until August the congregation was able to meet in the small, and as the summer advanced, uncomfortable, par­ lors of a private residence. That the audiences should for so long a time have been so little affected by the discomforts of such limited accommodations is strong testimony to their interest in the truth. But, by very recent letters, we learn that the proprietor of the house in which the evangelical reunions were held for five months has for­ bidden the further use of his rooms for any such purpose, so that the congregation is reduced for the present to even still greater straits than before. Very providentially, however, rooms for a chapel have been secured in a building which is being erected, and it is hoped they will be ready for use in a few weeks. But for these untoward events, a church would have been organized before this, of those who give the best evidence of conversion. Such an organization is 1875.] MISSION TO SPAIN. 79 one of the early results expected, in connection with getting into more commodious quarters. Mr. Thomas L. Gulick has been obliged, in consequence of ill health, to leave Santander, and has been spending a few weeks in Madrid. He has improved his time in the study of the language, and in cooperation with the various evangelical workers in the capital, especially in the preparation and publication of religious literature. His health has much improved, and he is hoping to resume work soon in some part of Northwestern Spain.

LIGHT SPREADING TO THE ASTURIAS. Very interesting facts are reported regarding the village of Ale- via, fifteen miles inland from Llanes, among the Cantabrian Moun­ tains. They give hope o f souls converted, and they illustrate the way in which the gospel is to spread from point to point, even to those most remote and inaccessible, by native agency, despite all ob­ structions. Mr. Thomas Gulick first reported in regard to this movement in April: "About fifty miles from here, among the mountains of the Asturias, there is a village of laboring people, among whom are a company of basket-makers. About fifteen of them are accustomed to make a visit to Santander in the summer, where they spend some months busily engaged in making baskets. This last summer, through the influence of Francisco, a shoemaker, one of the most active members of our congregation, and himself an Asturian, these basket-makers began to attend our chapel services, and became much interested in. the Gospel. Though very poor, they bought some twenty Bibles and Testaments, and some of them we hope are truly converted. When winter came they returned, with their Bibles and many tracts, to their mountain home, promising us that they would hold weekly meetings, to read the Bible and pray together. They have kept their promise, and have carried light into the midst of the darkness which surrounded them.” During the first days of May, Mr. and Mrs. William Gulick paid them a visit. The pages of the Herald for August contain the re­ ports of their exciting and somewhat adventurous trip, by public coach to Panes, on the river Deva, just beyond the boundaries of the province of Santander. On the further side of the river, a thousand feet above the level of the valley, perched upon the moun­ tain side, is the village of Alevia. The entire village was anxious to be instructed more fully in the Bible, and many collected from the country surrounding Panes, expecting a public address from the ‘‘ Protestant Priest, with a wife.” But the clerical influence had 80 MISSION TO THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE. [Report,

been so effectively exercised upon the local and general Alcaldes (or governors) that Mr. Gulick was prohibited from holding meet­ ings. The Alcalde of Alevia did not, however, deliver to Mr. Gulick the written injunction he had received from his superior till after the close of the meetings ; and elsewhere, by the road and at Panes, the good seed was diffused in conversation, and by the dis­ tribution of tracts. Mr. Gulick closes his report in the following words: “ We believe that seed is lying in the hearts of many of these humble people which needs only the watering of the Spirit to make it spring up into a bountiful harvest for the Lord. While we are not ignorant of the godlessness and immorality of some of those who professed friendship for us, we can hardly doubt that, as the more thoughtful amongst them say would be the case, if the village could be instructed for a while by a competent religious teacher, the larger part of its inhabitants would openly accept the evangelical faith. Even now these unlettered disciples of Christ have scattered the seed so widely, and it has taken such root, that Alevia is called by its neighbors a Protestant village ! May God make it truly a city set upon a hill, shedding its light throughout that valley! ”

MISSION TO THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE.

P r a g u e (Bohemia).— E. A. Adams, Missionary ; Mrs. Caroline A. Adams. Two evangelists. One out-station, with one evangelist. Brunn (Moravia).— Henry A. Schauffler, Missionary; Mrs. Clara E. Scbauffler. One evangelist. One out-station, with one evangelist; two colporters. G e a tz (Styria). — E. C. Bissel, D. D., Albert "W. Clark, Missionaries; Mrs- Emily P. Bissel. Mrs. Nellie M. Clark. Three helpers. 3 stations; 3 out-stations; 4 missionaries; 4 assistant female missionaries; 2 preach­ ers; 5 other helpers. •

The year under review has been one of some trials, but one also of progress; and of much encouragement for the future of our work in Austria. The brethren in their Annual Letter, remark : “ The reports from the several stations show a decided advance during the last year, and can leave no doubt, we think, of the importance of the work in this empire, or of the fact that your missionaries have, earn­ estly and prayerfully, sought to do their whole duty, as they have understood it, in loyalty to the churches which they represent, and to Christ.” Various facts indicate an ultramontane reaction, especially in the provincial governments of Austria. The reviving strength of France gives hope to those who are restless under the influence of a Ger­ man Empire and a Protestant Emperor. The hope is father to the expectation that the German race can be checked in their enthu­ 1875.] MISSION TO THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE. 81 siastic struggle for national existence, and that, by certain improb­ able combinations between the Emperor of Austria, the King of Italy, and the French Republic, the rising tide of desire for national freedom from the Papal yoke can be stayed. This reaction seems not, however, to have reached the Central Government of Austria, which appears to be less affected by priestly influence than the local authorities of some of the provinces; and it would be rash to say that even this local predominance of Romish influence can long continue without strong counter influences. The perturbed and uncertain state of political affairs in Austria and all Europe, is only an argument for increased diligence in sowing the gospel seed where there has been the deep subsoil plowing of divine provi­ dences. Truth now scattered falls into the deeper recesses of the social and religious structure of the old world ; and though there will, no doubt, be occasion for the work of faith, and labor of love, and patience of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ, it is evident that unflinching diligence in following up the many providential calls which press upon us from Europe, and especially from Austria, will in due time produce rich harvests of good. The annual meeting of the mission was held at Prague, in April. Various important questions occupied the attention of the brethren for an entire week, — such as, The establishment of a training school; the formation of churches; their relations to the govern­ ment ; the supply of the field ; and the removal of two families from Innsbruck to Gratz. The brethren write: “ A general desire to do only that which would most contribute to the work as a whole, and a spirit of union and conciliation which characterized the entire proceedings, strengthened by continual inquiry at the Throne of Grace, enabled us to reach satisfactory conclusions, with a harmony and rapidity that were a surprise even to ourselves.” The condition of the work will be presented most clearly by reporting each station separately. PRAGUE. The chapel has been opened the entire year, for preaching in the Bohemian language. Pastor Schubert, of Krabschitz, preaches himself, or provides for the supply of the pulpit, every other Sab­ bath ; and on the alternate Sabbaths, and once every week, an evangelist preaches, who is in the employ of the mission. The at­ tendance varies between seventy-five and a hundred, and there are many hopeful indications of spiritual results; though, as yet, no church has been organized. A Sabbath-school has been maintained for Bohemian-speaking children in Mr. Adams’ private apartments, with very gratifying suc- 6 82 MISSION TO THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE. [ Report,

cess. The children are not permitted to attend without the written or personal request of the parents; but even with this restriction as many press in as can be accommodated. Tuesday evening meetings for the study of the Bible have been held, with manifestations of deep interest. A circle of some twenty adults, and often a greater number of children, have gathered regu­ larly for this exercise. Mr. Adams writes : “ It cannot perhaps be affirmed that any souls have really found Jesus, still, some seem to be waiting for him.” A book-store has been opened, with a gov­ ernmental license, in immediate connection with the chapel, from which quite a number of the Scriptures and of religious books are sold, and many minor publications loaned. License has also very recently been secured for the opening of a circulating library of re­ ligious literature. Mr. Clark spent a few weeks during July and August of this year in Prague, to assist in the opening of this im­ portant evangelical agency, from which much is anticipated. A converted Roman Catholic young woman is actively engaged as a Bible-reader, and wins many women and children to a knowledge of Bible truth. Pastor Schubert closed the year of his girl’s boarding-school at Krabschitz during the last days of June, with very interesting anni­ versary exercises. Assisted by donations from this country, Mr. Schubert is erecting a large building on a fine site, just outside the village, where he hopes soon to have accommodations for a hundred girls. It is his intention to make this institution in large degree self-sustaining, and it is to be not only a Christian but a missionary institution, to raise up Christian teachers and mothers for the re­ vived Christianity of Bohemia and Moravia. A very interesting work is being done at Tabor, to the south of Prague, by an evangelist in the employ of the mission. In this ancient seat of Bohemian Christianity, there are a number who are seeking evangelical light, and there seems to be reason for hoping that at least a few have found the Saviour. Mr. Adams writes : “ I feel impelled to close this report in pre­ cisely the same strain in which I am inclined to close every docu­ ment that goes from my hands, a strain of wonder as well as of praise at what God seems to be doing in this land. In looking over the field, I see movements here and there in the origination of which I can find no human agency to have been employed. That our be­ ing here is a part of the plan of God for the carrying on of His work, I have never had a doubt. And I do not believe he has ac­ complished all he has to accomplish by us yet. Still, whatever occurs in relatidn’ to us, I am sure God’s work will not come to a 1875.] MISSION TO THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE. 83 standstill in this land. It is so clear that he is in it that it is im­ possible to suppose he will so soon leave it.”

BIIDNN.

In April, 1874, Mr. Schauffler removed from Prague to Briinn, and on Sabbath evening, the 3d of May, he held the first of his Bible exposition meetings, which were continued, with one slight in­ termission, till the middle of September. The attendance at the first meeting was but two, besides his own family. Those two never came again, but others came, and the number of attendants con­ stantly increased. “ In August,” says Mr. Schauffler, “ a few tracts lent to some children and their parents, had the remarkable effect of suddenly bringing numbers of children to our dwelling to borrow tracts. Soon we had to restrict them to two days, and afterwards to one day in the week. Through these children, religious reading, of a purely uncontroversial kind, reached many families.” Labor was resumed toward the end of October, after a dangerous illness, and a much needed period of rest, from which time till the end of January, “ our whole time and strength,” writes Mr. Schauf­ fler, " were given up to the most engrossing and delightful spiritual work in which it has been our privilege to engage. The meetings, which had entirely ceased during our absence, were soon as full as ever, and continued to grow in numbers and interest until prohib­ ited by the police; at which time our two rooms were filled on Sun­ day evenings with about a hundred persons, old and young, while on Thursday evenings, from forty to fifty attended. Evidences were multiplied of the presence and working of the Holy Spirit, and sev­ eral of the last meetings were exceedingly solemn. .... The Sun­ day children’s gathering, which Mrs. Schauffler began as soon as her returning strength would allow, was a constant wonder to us. .... A ll this filled us with gratitude, and in it we saw a Divine hand leading whither we should otherwise not have ventured to g o ” On the last Sabbath in January, the announcement was made that the next Sunday evening meeting would be held in a newly pre­ pared hall in the old Moravian capitol. This alarmed the clergy, who had been giving various indications of opposition. The mis­ sionaries were denounced before the police as dangerous persons, “ who enticed minor children into meetings, urged them to turn Protestant, scattered Protestant books widely through the schools,” etc., etc. The police at once prohibited “ doing anything to invade the rights of parents and teachers of school children,” and forbade Mr. Schauffler’s holding any meetings, public or private. In vain 84 MISSION TO THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE. [Report,

was appeal made to the governor of Moravia (Statthalter) ; and finally the missionaries were compelled to appeal to the Minister of the Interior; from whom, as yet, no answer has been received. In addition to this, the district attorney brought action against Mr. and Mrs. Schauffler, for alleged violations of both the press-law and the meeting law. It was successfully maintained, in defence, that read­ ing matter had only been lent, not given, and that the meetings had a private character ; yet both Mr. and Mrs. Schauffler were sub­ jected to fines for lending tracts, and for holding meetings alleged to be public. ■ Colporter work has been actively prosecuted in Briinn, and to the east and southeast of the city. During the year 1874, one agent had sold 821 Bibles, and 328 New Testaments. Budweis, in South­ ern Bohemia, has been occupied as an out-station, from Briinn. Mr. Freystag is reported as laboring patiently, and not without reason for encouragement, though the field is a very hard one, prob­ ably the most so of any we have occupied in Bohemia. In concluding his annual report, Mr. Schauffler says : “ Notwith­ standing the violent opposition of the Catholic clergy, and the action of the Moravian authorities, I cannot but express the conviction that the Lord’s purposes of mercy concerning Moravia are ripening fast. Compared with two years ago, the prospect is cheering. Not only has the capital been occupied, and God’s seal been set to his work by the conversion of some souls, and the truth been so widely made known that the enemy has felt it necessary to oppose it with all his might; but there are also signs of good in the country, among the Reformed Churches...... The wide dissemination of the Word of God through the land, and the general and violent op­ position of the parish priests to its sale, is an important fact. If these cheering indications seem few and small, they are still as sig­ nificant as the swelling buds of spring, and as truly prophetic of coming flowers and fruit.”

INNSBRUCK.

The Book Department, in consequence of the intolerant power of the Romish Church in this province, has been, of necessity, the most important sphere of labor in the Tyrol. The arrangement with the book-store, mentioned last year, has been continued, with great ad­ vantage to the work. Through this store the laws of the land are carefully observed, and books are not only sold at the counter, but through the whole province by colporters, and small libraries have been widely circulated. Two colporters have performed fifteen months of service. The 1875-1 MISSION TO THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE. 85 station book report says: “ They have been frequently attacked by the public journals, and have been constantly under a galliug fire from the pulpits. They have been arrested five times, and one of them was once thrown into prison. In but one instance has a fine been exacted, and that but a little over two dollars; this fine being for selling a Bible without first taking the subscription. Several officials, before whom the colporters have been brought at the in­ stigation of priests, have first bought Testaments that they might see why the priests are so opposed to them, and then they have gen­ erally dismissed the colporters, telling them to limit themselves to the work of taking subscriptions. In some places the priests have induced the people to burn the precious words of life. It is worthy of mention that two Roman Catholics, in different valleys, take a special interest in the work. They have already sold quite a num­ ber of Bibles, Testaments, and other books of the Tract Society, to their friends. Hardly a month passes without their sending a new order for books.” . Regarding the Circulating Library, in connection with the book­ store, the report says : “ Twenty families have made use of it; and to this number might be added sixteen families who have borrowed books from the two mission families. Sixteen gentlemen have been found in different parts of the field, who have willingly received a set of twenty books to lend again and again to their acquaintances. Some of these sets have been exchanged several times, and two have actually been placed in Roman Catholic school libraries.” The Innsbruck station assisted, during the year, in the support of a colporter in Upper Austria, who is under the immediate care of an evangelical home missionary society, formed in July, 1874, at Gallnenkirchen, by a few believing pastors of that province, “ in the very room where, in the days of Martin Boos, faithful souls were tried and punished. * During the year, there have been sold 347 Bibles, 2,374 Testa­ ments, 5 Gospels, 50 papers, 1,106 tracts, and 908 other books. The total put in circulation during the year, is 351 Bibles, 2,449 Testaments, 483 Gospels, and 177,284 pages of papers, tracts, and other books. The report of the book department closes by saying: “ Considering the intense bigotry on the one hand, and on the other hand the marked indifference with which we have had to contend, we cannot but rejoice in what God has done in this department, dur­ ing the last nine months.” The report of this station says: “ Religious services in the Ger­ man language, consisting of singing, prayer, and something of the nature of a sermon, have been regularly kept up once a week, on 86 MISSION TO THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE. [Report,

Sunday afternoons, since the 1st of October, 1874. They have been attended by from thirty to forty different persons. The average at­ tendance, however, outside of our family circles, cannot have been much over half a dozen...... All persons who have attended our meetings have been specially invited by us, and for the most part by a printed card of invitation, dated and signed. This has been done in order to conform as nearly as possible to the stringent laws of the country governing meetings of such a character.” Besides this afternoon service, Mrs. Clark has held a service for children on Sunday mornings, in which the same general principle has been ob­ served with respect to inviting attendance...... There have been altogether fifteen children at these services, the highest number at any one time being ten. They have been delighted to be present, and their parents and friends have expressed their sense of the kindness thus done them, by repeated messages and personal visits. These children have been most diligent readers of our books...... Through these books, moreover, good influences have extended not only into the families specially represented, but into others to which they have been reloaned. From these books, indeed, and from personal contact with us, some of these families have learned, for the first time, that there are also Protestants who believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and have a tender interest in the souls for whom he died.” In August of this year, Messrs. Bissell and Clark moved from Innsbruck to Gratz, in accordance with the action of the mission. This is but an extension of the work in the Alpine portion of Ger­ man-speaking Austria. The openings secured by personal labors in the Tjrol from Innsbruck, as personal labors alone could secure them, will be followed up by various native agencies, and the sphere of work will be extended through Styria and Carinthia. In view o f’all the facts regarding this mission, and especially in the review of the present year, it seems safe to say that, aside from governmental interference, the prospects of the mission are eminently hopeful. 1875.] GENERAL SUMMARY. 87

GENERAL SUMMARY.

Missions. Number of M ission s...... 18 Number of S ta tio n s ...... 78 Number of Out-stations ...... 498 Laborers Employed. Number of Ordained Missionaries (6 being Physicians) . . . 150 1 Number of Physicians not ordained . 10 Number of other Male A ssista n ts...... 4 Number of Female A s s i s t a n t s ...... 213 2 Whole number of laborers sent from this country . . . — 377 Number of Native P a s to r s ...... 110 Number of Native Preachers and C atechists...... 267 Number of School Tcachers...... • -4 7 1 Number of other Native H e l p e r s ...... 209—1,057 Whole number of laborers connected with the Missions . . . 1,434

The Press. Pages printed, as far as r e p o r t e d ...... 6,171,714

The Churches. Number of Churches...... 223 Number of Church Members, so far as r e p o r t e d ...... 11,546 Added during the year, so far as r e p o r t e d ...... 1,504

Educational Department. Number of Training and Theological S c h o o l s ...... 14 Number of Boarding Schools for G i r l s ...... 21 Number of Common S c h o o ls ...... 587 Number of Pupils in Common S c h o o l s ...... 19,661 Number of Pupils in Training and TheologicalSchools and Station Classes 470 Number of Pupils in Boarding Schools for G i r l s ...... 736 Other Adults under instruction...... 656 Whole number of Pupils 22,523

1 Including thirteen still supported at the Sandwich Islands. 5 Including fifteen at the Sandwich Islands. 88 PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS. [Report,

PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS.

EXPENDITURES OF THE BOARD DURING THE YEAR ENDING AU GU ST 31, 1875.

COST OF THE MISSIONS. Zulu Mission. Remittances, purchases, and cost of exchange . . . S1G,G28 52 Expenses of Mr. Grout and f a m i l y ...... 1.000 00 Expenses of Mr. Lindley and fa m ily ...... 1,000 00 Expenses of Mr. Abraham and f a m i l y ...... 980 04 Expenses of Mr. Mellen and family in part .... 788 89 Passage of Mr. and Mrs. Abraham to Liverpool . . . 129 50— 2o,52t> 95 European Turkey Mission. Remittances, purchases, and cost of exchange . . . 18,209 82 Outfit of Mr. llyinglon and f a m i l y ...... 750 00 Passage of Mr. Byington and family to England . . . 200 00— 19,279 82 Western Turkey Mission. Remittances, cost of exchange, and purchases . . . 85,359 17 Expenses of Mr. and Mrs. 131iss, refit, and passage to L i v e r p o o l ...... 703 02 Expenses of Mr. and Mrs. Smith, and refit .... 1,090 67 Passage of Mr. and Mrs. Smith, and Miss Closson to Liverpool 230 25— 87,389 11 Central Turkey Mission. Remittances, purchases, and cost of exchange . ■ 25,5*27 82 Passage of Mr. Bickford and family to Glasgow • . . . 130 88 Expenses of Miss Proctor, and r e f i t ...... 604 00 Expenses of Mrs. Coffing ...... 404 00 Outfit of Miss S p e n c e r ...... 325 00 Tickets of above, with Misses Hollister and Pierce to Con­ stantinople ...... 1,040 88— 28,438 58 Eastern Turkey Mission. Remittances, purchases, and cost of exchange . . . 36,408 51 Passage of l)r. Thom and wife to Glasgow .... 109 50 Expenses of Mr. Andrus and children, 9 months . . . 520 00 Expenses of Mr. Cole and family, 7 months . . . 466 67— 37,504 68 Mahratta Mission. Remittances, cost of exchange, and purchases . - • 32,384 08 Expenses of Mr. Bruce and fa m ily ...... 944 44 Passage of Mr. Bruce and family to Liverpool . . . 196 00 Expenses of Mr. Hazen and f a m i l y ...... 504 90 Outfit of Dr. and Mrs. Ballantine, and passage to London . 878 97 Outfit of Mr. and Mrs. E. S. Hume, and passage to Liverpool. 214 38 Outfit of Miss Anderson, and passage to Liverpool . . 387 00— 35,509 77 Madura Mission. 'Remittances, cost of exchange, and purchases . . . 43,061 69 Expenses of Mr. Chandler and family ..... 1,200 00 Expenses of Dr. Palmer and fa m ily ...... 1,100 00 Refit of Mr. and Mrs. C a p r o n ...... 375 00----- 45,736 69 Ceylon Mission. Remittances, purchases, and cost of exchange . . . 15,643 24 Expenses of Dr. Green and f a m i l y ...... 800 00— 16,443 24 1875.] PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS. 89

Foochow Mission. Remittances, purchases, and cost of exchange . . $15,564 78 Expenses of Mr. and Mrs. Blakely from Wisconsin to China 797 40— 16,362 18

North China Mission. Remittances, cost of exchange, and purchases . . . 33,547 37 Expenses of Dr. T r e a t ...... 300 00 Expenses of Miss A n d r e w s ...... 537 00— 34,384 37 Japan Mission. Remittances, purchases, and cost of exchange . . . 29,634 04 Outfit of Mr. DeForest, and expenses to Japan . . . 1,592 62 Outfit of Dr. Adams, and expenses to Japan .... 1,606 15 Outfit of Mr. Neesima, and expenses to Japan .... 841 69— 33,675 40

Grants in Aid to Missionaries at the Sandwich Islands. Drafts, premium on gold, and p u r c h a s e s ...... 13,040 07 Micronesia Mission. Drafts, premium on gold, and p u r c h a s e s ...... 17,491 54 North American Indians. Dakota M ission ...... 11,543 38 Choctaw Mission ...... 900 00— 12,443 38 ♦

COST OF COLLECTING THE FUND?. 1. Agencies, Salary of Rev. William W a r r e n ...... 1,250 00 Traveling E x p e n s e s ...... 289 02 Salary of Rev. C. P. B u s h ...... 3,000 00 Traveling E xpenses ...... 231 78 Salary of Rev. ¡S. J. H u m p h r e y ...... *2,500 00 Traveling E x p e n s e » ...... 153 35 Circulars, tracts, postage, clerk hire, stationery, and advertising 676 86 Office at C h i c a g o ...... 241 91 Traveling expenses of returned missionaries and others, while on agencies...... 327 35-----8,670 27

2. Publications. Cost of “ Missionary Herald ” (including the salaries of editor and general agent) .... 19,142 62 Deduct amount received from subscribers, 8,773.41, for advertising, 5,454.46 ...... 14,227 87—4,914 75 Annual Report, 2,031 co p ie s...... 609 78 and d i s t r i b u t i n g ...... 20 24------630 02 General survey of missions, 5,100 copies .... 170 92 Dr. Scudder’s sermon, 2,019 c o p i e s ...... 79 66 “ Missionary Papers ” for the Northwest, 10,000 copies . 229 50 Miscellaneous tracts and p r i n t i n g ...... 117 05 “ Life and Light,” cost of printing, above receipts from subscribers...... 691 80 M a i l i n g ...... 578 16—1,269 96------7,411 86

COST OF ADMINISTRATION. 1. Department o f Correspondence. Salary of Mr. Treat (including grant), less SI,853.15 received from Fund for Officers...... $1,646 85 Salary of Dr. Clark (including grant to Assistant inhis ab­ sence), less §1,853.15 received from Fund for Officers . • 1,646 85 Clerk h i r e ...... 1,650 00------4,943 70 90 PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS. [Report,

2. Treasurer’s Department.

Salary of Treasurer (including grant), less $1,853.14 received from Fund for Officers...... $1,646 86 Clerk h i r e ...... 3,300 00------4,946

3. New York City.

Office rent, $1,000.00, less $50.00 950 00 Clerk h i r e ...... 710 50 Printing, stationery, postage, and incidental expenses . . 237 06 Salary of Secretary of Brooklyn Missionar}- Committee, and expenses ...... 360 60----- 2,258 16

4. Miscellaneous Charges. Postage s t a m p s ...... 95 67 G a s ...... 48 00 Stationery, printing, and b i n d i n g ...... 136 79 Care of Missionary R o o m s ...... 573 49 Heating of rooms by s t e a m ...... 505 85 Repairs and furniture at do...... 29 39 Copying letters and docu m en ts...... 861 31 May Meeting at B o s t o n ...... 87 15 Expenses of Annual Meeting, including advertising . . . 271 39 Certificates of honorary membership and forwarding . . 341 85 Legal expenses on account of le g a c ie s ...... 636 93 Books and periodicals for l i b r a r y ...... 193 94------3,781 76

450,238 39 Balance for which the Board was in debt for the general work, August 31, 1874 ...... 6,352 64

456,591 03

RECEIPTS OF THE BOARD FOR, THE YEAR ENDING A U G U S T 31, 187r».

Donations as acknowledged in the 11 Missionary Herald ” 8349,084 80 Legacies as acknowledged in the “ Missionary Herald ” . 89,702 38 Interest on General Permanent F u n d ...... 7,257 37 Interest from the Ashley F u n d ...... 150 00

446,194 61 Balance for which the Board is in debt for the general work 10,396 42— 456,591 03

P E R M A N E N T FUNDS OF T H E BOARD.

GENERAL PERMANENT FUND.

This fund amounts, as last year, t o ...... $120,726 96

PERMANENT FUND FOR OFFICERS.

This fund amounts, as last year, t o ...... 59,108 00

PERMANENT FUND FOR OFFICERS — INTEREST ACCOUNT.

Received for dividends and in terest...... 5,559 44 Paid balance of salaries of secretaries and t r e a s u r e r ...... 5,559 44 1875.] PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS. 91

EXPENDITURES FOR NOMINALLY CHRISTIAN LANDS. COST OF THE MISSIONS.

Mission to Spain.

Remittances, and cost of e x c h a n g e ...... $5,096 29

Mission to Austria. Remittances, and cost of e x c h a n g e ...... $17,941 3*2

Mission to Northern Mexico. Remittances, and premium on g o l d ...... 6,262 16

Mission to Western Mexico. Remittances, and premium on g o l d ...... 6,529 67 Outfit and traveling expenses of Mr. Edwards and family to Guadalajara ...... 1,638 02------8,167 69

COST OF COLLECTING THE FUNDS.

Salary of District S e c r e t a r y ...... 2,000 00 Traveling expenses and p r i n t i n g ...... 205 23------¿,205 23

39.672 69 Balance for which the Board was in debt for this work Sept. 1, 1874 24,0S8 43

63,761. 12 RECEIPTS. Donations as acknowledged in the “ Missionary Herald n for Nominally Christian L a n d s...... 29,333 5S Legacies as acknowledged in the “ Missionary Herald ” for Nominally Christian Lands ...... 500 00— 29,833 58 Balance of debt for this work, August 31,1875 33,927 54

______63,761 12

Total indebtedness of the Board, August 31,1875 $44,323 96 92 DONATIONS. [Report,

SUMMARY OP DONATIONS RECEIVED DURING THE YEAR.

MAINE. A u x i l i a r y S o c i e t i e s . Aroostook County, ‘ $ 2 2 80 Cumberland County, 3,295 61 Franklin County, 87 83 Hancock County, 438 60 Kennebec County, 539 10 Knox County, 15 00 Lincoln and Sagadahoc Counties, 972 03 Oxford County, 125 58 Penobscot County, E. F. Duren, Tr., Bangor, 852 02 Piscataquis Count}', 88 67 Somerset County, 235 51 Union Conference of Churches, 249 14 Waldo County, 163 37 Washington County 640 75 York County, 629 41- -$8,344 92 Towns not associated . . . . . 25 00 Legacies ...... 5,068 05 Donations for School Fund . . . . 844 47 do. Mission Work for Women* . 2,753 93

17,036 37 NEW HAMPSHIRE. Cheshire County, George Kingsbury, Tr., Keene, 858 14 Coos Couuty, 100 49 Grafton County, 1,024 00 Hillsborough County, George 3wain, Tr., ashua, 2,114 05 Merrimac County, 1,082 51 Rockingham County, 1,471 47 Strafford County, 775 05 Sullivan County, N. W . G oddard,Tr., Claremont, 475 02----- ,900 73 Towns not associated . • 24 00 Legacies ...... 1,496 76 Donations for School Fund • . 706 10 do. Mi??ion Work for Women 1,443 28

11,570 87 VERMONT. Addison County, Amos Wilcox, Tr., Middlebury, 879 08 Bennington County, 618 56 Caledonia County, T. M. Howard, Tr., St. Johnsbury, 5,210 03 Chittenden County, 1,035 35 Essex County, * 24 60 Franklin County, C. B. Swift, Tr., St. Albans, 360 83 Lamoille County, 172 15 Orange County, 6JO 10 Orleans County, 464 87 Rutland County, 802 42 Washington County, G. W. Scott, Tr., Montpelier, 403 16 Windham'County, C. F. Thompson, Tr., Brattleboro1, 1,313 05 f Rev. C. B. Drake, Tr., Royalton, 1,304 00- -13,198 20 Windsor County, ( Jason Steele, T r., Windsor, Towns not associated . . • . 100 00 Legacies ...... 3,283 30 Donations for School Fund . • .1 ,3 1 0 89 do. Mission Work for Woolen . 3,038 56

20,930 95 MASSACHTTSETT8. Barnstable County, 852 62 Berkshire County, 8,059 10 Bristol County, 4,415 55 * The donations for Mission Work for Women are taken from "Life and Light,” and differ somewhat from those in the “ Herald,’ 1 ft portion of the receipts of the Woman’s Board not hav ing been paid to the Treasurer prior to August 81. 1875.1 DONATIONS. 93

Brookfield Association, William Hyde, Tr., $4,006 66 Dukes and Nantucket Counties. 42 00 Esses County, 3,424 44 Essex County, North, 3,588 63 Essex County, South, C. M. Richardson, Tr., Salem, 5,212 85 Franklin County, Wm. F. Root, Tr., Greenfield, 1,887 4G Hampden County, Charles Marsh, Tr., Springfield, 13,161 62 Hampshire County, S. E. Bridgman, Tr., Northampton, 7,513 44 Middlesex County, 16,692 26 Middlesex Union, 1,672 10 Norfolk County, 8,09S 35 Old Colony Auxiliary, 546 98 Plymouth County, 1,858 11 Suffolk County, 35,947 98 Worcester County, North, 1,294 00 Worcester County, Central, E. H. Sanford, Tr. Worcester, 12,513 19 Worcester County, South, William R. Hill, Tr., 4,448 05- •129,730 38 Towns not associated .... 2,530 00 Legacies .... . 33,651 95 Donations for School Fund . . . 1,117 12 do. Mission Work fox Women 21,883 59

188,913 04 EHODE ISLAND. Donations ...... 11,088 50 Legacies ...... 100 00 Donations for School Fund ■ . . 221 38 do. Mission Work for Women 1,800 8 4 - -13,210 72

CONNECTICUT. Fairfield County, 4,767 94 Hartford County, E. W. Parsons, Tr., Hartford, 14,810 78 Litchfield County, G. C. Woodruff, Tr., Litchfield, 4.052 99 Middlesex County, E. C. Ilungerford, Tr., Chester, 1,608 69 New Haven County, F. T. Jarman, Agt., New HaTen, 8,629 26 New London County, i Charles Butler, Tr., New London, ( Lewis A. Hyde, Tr., Norwich, 7,413 25 Tolland County, E. C. Chapman, Tr., Rockville, 2,447 58 Windham County, 2,164 30— 45.894 79 Towns not associated . .. 26 00 Legacies . „ . . 24,916 36 Donations for School Fund . 550 72 Mission Work for Women 14,777 04

86,164 91 N E W Y O R K . NORTH CAROLINA. D o n a t i o n s ...... §30,003 60 Donations . . . . 10 00 L e g a c i e s ...... 15,330 43 Donations for School Fund . . 810 23 SOUTH CAROLINA. Donations for Miss'n Workfor Women 2,106 08 D o n a t i o n s ...... 2 75 48,250 34 NEW JERSEY. GEORGIA. Donations . . . 1,531 80 Donations ...... 65 00 Donation? for School Fund 36 26 ALABAMA. 1.568 06 Donations . . . 5 00 PENNSYLVANIA. D o n a t i o n s ...... 1,900 36 MISSISSIPPI. L e g a c i e s ...... 1,500 00 D o n a t i o n s ...... 12 55 Donations fox School Fund 39 37 Donations for Miss’n Work for Women 1,644 43 FLORIDA. Donations fox Miss-n Work for Women 4 00 5,084 16 MARYLAND. LOUISIANA. Donations . . . 254 65 D o n a t i o n s ...... 5 00 Donations for School Fund . 25 00 TEXAS. 279 65 Donations . . • 24 00 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. TENNESSEE. D o n a t i o n s ...... S55 67 Donations . . . . • . 56 00 Donations for School Fuud . . 35 00 Donations for Mission Work for Women 28 70 Donations for Miss’n W ork for Women 40 40

931 07 84 70 94 DONATIONS, [Report,

KENTUCKY. NEBRASKA. Donations ...... S$68 30 1 D o n a t io n s ...... $163 71 Donations for School Fund . . .1 0 73 OHIO. Donations for Miss’n Work for Women 56 10 Donations . . . . ,554 33 L e g a c i e s ...... 2,508 48 230 54 Donations for School Fund . . 202 65 ’ OREGON . Donations for Miss’n Work for Women 3,437 03 D o n a t io n s ...... 1 2 1 75 11,702 49 CALIFORNIA. INDIANA. Donations .... 2,072 63 Donations for Miss'n W orkfor Women 25 00 D o n a t io n s ...... 199 78 Donations for School Fund . . . 17 70 2,097 63 Donations for Miss’n W ork for Women 283 60 WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 501 08 Donations . . . . 24 00 ILLINOIS. Donations for Mission Work for Women 3 80 Donations ..... 7,899 05 L e g a c i e s ...... 174 00 27 80 Donations for School Fund . . 397 78 COLORADO TERRITORY. Donations for Miss’ n Work for Women 6,580 47 D o n a t io n s ...... 13 40 15,051 30 Donations for School Fund . . 31 00 Donations for Miss'n Work for Women 25 51 MICHIGAN. Donations .... 2,968 86 69 91 Legacies ..... 1,673 05 DAKOTA TERRITORY. Donations for School I?'und . . 18(J 50 D o n a t io n s ...... 98 39 Donations for Miss'n Work for Women 2,906 02 Donations for Miss'n Work for Women 133 36

7,734 43 i 231 75 MISSOURI t HEW MEXtCO. Donations ...... 330 14 ! Donations ...... 10 00 Donations for School Fund . . 1 75 j C A N A D A . Donations for Miss’ n Work for Women 596 38 | Province of Ontario. 928 27 I Donations ..... 266 00 MINNESOTA. Province of Quebec. D on ation s...... 1,199 40 D o n a t i o n s ...... 1,243 96 Donations for School Fund . . 25 30 Donations for School Fund . . 67 55 Donations for Miss’n W orkfor Women 1,050 82 Donations for Miss'n Work for Women 1,011 80 2,541 52 2,323 31 IOWA. FOREIGN LANDS AND MIS­ Donations ..... 1,899 26 SIONARY STATIONS. Donations for School Fund . 42 66 D o n a tio n s ...... 2,771 49 Donations for MissTn Work for Women 2,320 25 Donations for Miss’n Work for Women 50 97

4,262 17 ,822 46 WISCONSIN. TOTAL. Donations ..... 2,898 87 Donations . . . 283,599 97 Donations for School Fund . 118 27 Legacies .... 89,702 3S Donations for Miss’n Work for Women 2,325 24 Donations for School Fund . 6,851 1' Donations for Mission Work for 5,342 3S j Women as above, £70,419 35, less the difference bi*nvt*en the KANSAS. acknowledgments in u Life D o n a t io n s ...... 207 75 and Light ” and those in the Donations for School Fund . 62 75 “ Herald,*’ £11,785.04 (sre Donations for Miss’n W ork for Women 92 15 note on page 92) . . . 58,633 71

362 6o £435,787 21 1875.] DONATIONS 95

SUMMARY OF DONATIONS FOR NOMINALLY CHRISTIAN LANDS DURING THE YEAR.

MAINE. ILLINOIS. Donations..... $529 62 D o n a t i o n s ...... 551,310 14 NEW HAMPSHIRE. MICHIGAN. D o n a t i o n s ...... 743 28 D o n a t i o n s ...... 76 65 VERMONT. MISSOURI. Donations . . . . 1,008 87 Donations . . . . 5 00 MASSACHUSETTS. MINNESOTA. D o n a t i o n s ...... 18,988 65 D o n a t i o n s ...... 35 85 Legacies ..... olio 00 IOWA. 19,313 65 D o n a t i o n s ...... 239 30 RHODE ISLAND. WISCONSIN. D o n a t i o n s ...... 1,692 96 D o n a t i o n s ...... 1,989 70 CONNECTICUT. OREGON. D o n a t i o n s ...... 4,16i 70 ! Donations .... 4 00 N E W Y O R K . j CALIFORNIA. D o n a t i o n s ...... 1,803 31 I Donations ...... 246 52 NEW JERSEY. ; WASHINGTON TERRITORY. D o n a t i o n s ...... 303 11 ; Donations ...... 60 00 PENNSYLVANIA. ! IDAHO TERRITORY. D o n a t i o n s ...... 92 35 D o n a t i o n s ...... 2 50 DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA. 1 C A S A D A . Donations ..... 10 00 j Donations ...... 84 22 TENNESSEE. j FOREIGN LANDS AND MIS­ D o n a t i o n s ...... 15 00 SIONARY STATIONS. Donations ..... 193 00 OHIO. Donations . . . 272 49 34,331 22 Legacies . . . . 25 0J TOTAL. 297 49 Donations . £3,981 22 INDIANA. Legacies . 350 00 Donations . . . 110 00 $34,331 22 96 RECEIPTS OF THE BOARD. [Report,

RECEIPTS OF THE BOARD.

The following table exhibits the income of the Board from all sources since its organization : — For the year ending September, 1811, ...... $999 52 “ “ Ano-nst 31. 1R19...... 13,G il 50 U a 1813, ...... 11,301 18 u 1814, ...... 12,265 50 “ a 1815, ...... 9,493 89 il a 1810, ...... 12,501 03 1817, ...... 29,948 63 “ 1818, ...... 34,727 72 1819, ...... 37,520 63 et 1820, ...... 39,949 45 a a 1821, ...... 46,354 95 “ a 1822, ...... 00,087 87 n 1823, ...... 55,758 94 u 1824, ...... 47,483 58 1825, ...... 55,710 18 1820, ...... 01.010 25 “ 1827, ...... 88^341 89 1828, ...... 102,009 64 1829, 106,028 20 n 1830, ...... 83,019 37 tt 1831, ...... 100,934 09 1832, ...... 130,574 12 n 1833, ...... 145,847 77 u 1834, ...... 152,380 10 July 31. 1835, ...... 1G3,340 19 1836, ...... 170,232 15 1837, ...... 252,070 55 1838, ...... 230,170 98 u 1839, ...... 244.109 82 i. 1840, • ...... 241,091 04 “ 1841, ...... 235.189 30 a “ 1842, ...... 318,390 5-3 1843, ...... 244,254 43 a 1844, ...... 230,394 37 i. 1845, ...... 255,112 9G <• 1846, ...... 202,073 55 1847, ...... 211,402 76 “ 1848, ...... 254,050 40 1849, ...... 291,705 27 u 1850, ...... 251,802 28 it 1851, . . . . . 274,902 21 a 1852, ...... 301,732 20 ““ 1853, ...... 314,922 88 “ 1854, ...... 305,778 84 *• 1855, ...... 310,427 77 1856, ...... 307,318 09 »( 1857, . . . . . 388,932 69 it •L 1858, ...... 334,018 48 1859, ...... 350,915 45 a a 18G0, ...... 429,799 08 ti Auirust 31, 1861, . . . . . 340,« 2 2 56 Ti 1862, ...... 339,080 50 “ 1803, ...... 397,079 71 u « 1804, ...... 531,985 07 •* 1805, ...... 534,703 33 tt u 1806, ...... 440,942 44 ** “ 1867, ...... 437,884 77 u *• 1868, ...... 535,838 04 « 1869, ...... 525,214 95 “ u 1870, ...... 461,058 42 a u 1871, ...... 429,844 96 u H 1872, ...... 428,093 49 “" 1873, ...... 431,834 81 «“ 1874, ...... 478,256 61 “ 1875, . . . . 470,028 19 1875.] PREACHERS AND PLACES OF MEETING. 97

PREACHERS AND PLACES OF MEETING.

Year. Place of Meeting. Preacher. Texts. 1810. Farmington. No Sermon. 1811. Worcester. No Sermon. 1812. Hartford. No Sermon. 1813. Boston. ♦Timothy Dwight, D. D. John x. 16. 1814. New Haven. ♦James Richards, D. D. Ephesians iii. 8. 1815. Salem. ♦Galvin Chapin, D. D. Psalms xovi. 10. 1816. Hartford. ♦Henry Davis, D. D. Psalms cxix. 96. 1817. Northampton. ♦Jesse Appleton, D. D. 1 Corinthians i. 21. 1818. New Haven. ♦Samuel Spring, D. D. Acts viii. 30. 31. 1819. Boston. ♦Joseph Lyman, D. D. Isaiah lviii. 12. 1820. Hartford. ♦Elipnalet Nott, D. D. Mark xvi. 15- 1821. Springfield. ♦Jedidiah Morse, D. I). Psalms ii. 8. 1822. New Haven. ♦Alexander Proudfit, D. D. Malachi i. 11. 1823. Boston. ♦Jeremiah Day, D. D. Nehemiah vi. 3. 1824. Hartford. ♦Samuel Austin, D. D. Galatians i. 15, 16. 1825. Northampton. ♦Joshua Bates, I). D. John viii. 32. 1826. Middletown. ♦Edward D. Griffin, D. D. Matthew xxviii. 18, 20. 1827. New York. ♦Lvman Beecher, I). D. Luke xi. 21 ; Rev., etc. 1828. Philadelphia. ♦John H. Rice, D. D. 2 Corinthians x. 4. 1829. Albany. ♦Archibald Alexander, D. D. Acts xi. 18. 1830. Boston. ♦Thomas De Witt, D. D. Matthew ix. 37, 38. 1831. New Haven. ♦Leonard Woods, D. D. Isaiah Ixii. 1, 2. 1832. New York. ♦William Allen, D. D. ‘ John viii. 36. 1833. Philadelphia. ♦William Murray, D. D. 2 Corinthians x. 4. 1834. Utica. ♦Gardner Spring, L). D. Matthew x. 6. 1835. Baltimore. ♦Samuel Miller, D. D. Numbers xiv. 21. 3830. Hartford.♦John Codman, D. D. Matthew x. 8. 1837. Newark. ♦John McDowell, D. D. Acts iv. 12. 1838. Portland. ♦Heman Humphrey, D. D. Psalms cii. 13-16. 1839. Troy. ♦Thomas McAuley, D. D. Isaiah xi. 9. 1840. Providence. ♦Nathan S. S. Beman, D. D. Psalms Ixxii. 17. 1841. Philadelphia. ♦Justin Edwards, D. 1). Zechariah iv. 6. 1842. Norwich. ♦William R. De Witt, D. D. 2 Corinthians v. 14. ' 1843. Rochester. ♦Thomas H. Skinner, D. D. Philippians iii. 13. 1844. Worcester. ♦Rev. Albert Barnes- Luke xiv. 28-32. 1845. Brooklyn. Mark Hopkins, D. D. Psalms Iv. 22. 184G. Nt'w Haven. ♦Joel Hawes, D. D. 1 Samuel vii. 12. 1847. Buffalo. ♦David Magie, D. D. Isaiah xxxiii. 15. 1848. Boston. ♦Isaac Terris, D. D. Matthew vi. 10. 1849. Pittsfield. Samuel H. Cox, D. D. Daniel vii. 27. 1850. Oswego. ♦Richard S. Storrs, D. D. 1 Corinthians xv. 58. 1851. Portland. David H. Riddle, D. D. Isaiah xli. 14, 15. 1852. Troy. Leonard Bacon, D. D. 2 Corinthians v. 7. 1853. Cincinnati. William Adams, D. D. Matthew’ xiii. 38. 1854. Hartford. ♦Charles White, D. D. Matthew’ vi. 10. 1855. Utica. Nehemiah Adams, I). D. Galatians ii 20. 1856. Newark. ♦George W . Bethune, D. D. 1 Timothy i. 15. 1857. Providence. M.La Rue P. Thompson, D. D . Matthew xxviii. 20. 1858. Detroit. ♦George Shepard, D. D. Luke xi. 41. 1859. Philadelphia. Robert W. Patterson, D. D. Matthew’ xiii. 33. 1860. Boston. ♦Samuel W . Fisher, D. 1>. Isa. xiv. 1-6; xliii.2t. 1861. Cleveland. Richard S. Storrs, Jr., D. D. 1 Corinthians i. 28. 1862. Springfield. Henry Smith, D. D. John xvii. 20, 21. 1863. Rochester. ♦Elisha L. Cleaveland, D. D. Luke xxiv. 45-47. 1864. Worcester. Jonathan B. Condit, D. D. Philippians ii. 15,16. 1865. Chicago. ♦Edward N. Kirk, D. D. 2 Corinthians v. 7. 1866. Pittsfield. Laurens P. Hickok, D. D. Philippians ii. 10,31. 1867. Buffalo. Joseph P. Thompson, D. D. John Ì. 4. 1868. Norwich. Ilenrv A. Nelson, D. D. John xii. 32. 1869. Pittsburg. ♦John‘Todd, D D. Malachi i. 11. 1870. Brooklyn. J. F. Stearns. D. D. Matthew xxviii. 18-20. 1871. Salem. Truman M. Post, D. D. Mark x. 45. 1872. New Haven. S. C. Bartlett, D. D. 1 Corinthians ii. 1-5. 1873. Minneapolis. J. H. Seelve, D. D. Romans iv. 25. 1874. Rutland. H. M. Scudder, I). D. Roman* x. 14,19. 1875. Chicago. I. W . Andrews, D. D. Romans i. 14. 7 98 MISSIONARIES OF THE BOARD. [Report,

MISSIONARIES OF THE BOARD.

T h e following list presents the names of Missionaries now in connection with the Board, in the field or expecting to return, giving the Mission and Station with which each is connected.

Went MISSIONARIES. Station. Out.

Z u l u M is s io n . Rev. David Rood ...... 1S47 TJmvoti. Mrs. Alzina V. R ood ...... Rev. William Ireland ...... 1848 Amanzimtote. Mrs. R. 0. Ireland ...... Rev. Hyman A. W ilder ...... 1849 Umtwalumi. Mrs. Abby T. W ilder ...... Rev. Josiali Tvler ...... 1849 Mapumulo. Mrs. Susan W . T y le r ...... Rev. Andrew Abraham ...... 1849 Mapumulo. Mrs. Sarab L. A b r a h a m ...... Rev. Stephen C. Pixley ...... 1855 Inanda. Mrs. Louisa Pixley ...... 1855 Rev. Elijah Robbins ...... 1859 Umzumbi. Mrs. Addie B. R o b b in s ...... 1859 Rev. Henry M. Bridgman ..... 1860 Umzumbi. Mrs. Lanra B. B ridgm an ...... I860 Miss Gertrude R . Hance ...... 1870 TJmvoti. Miss Laura A. D a y ...... 1870 Amanzimtote. Rev. Myron W. Pinkerton ..... 1871 Umtwalumi. Mrs. Laura M. Pinkerton ..... 1871 Miss Martha J. Lindley ...... 1872 Inanda. Rev. Charles W. K ilb o n ...... 1873 Inanda. Mrs. Mary B . K i l b o n ...... 1873 Miss Mary E. Pinkerton . . . . 1874

E u r o p e a n T u r k e y M is s io n . Rev. Elias Riggs, D . D ., L L . D ...... 1832 Constautinopl Mrs. Martha J. R iggs ...... 1832 Rev. James F. C l a r k e ...... 1859 Samokov. Mrs. Isabella G. Clarke ..... 1859 Rev. Lewis Bond, Jr...... 1868 Eski Zagra. Mrs. Fannie G. Bond ...... 1868 Rev. William E. Locke ...... 1868 Samokov. Mrs. Zoe A. M. Locke ..... 186S Rev. Henry P. P a g e ...... 1808 Eski Zagra. Mrs. Mary A. P a g e ...... 1868 Miss Esther T. Maltbic ...... 1870 Samokov. Mrs. Anna V. M u m f o r d ...... 1871 Samokov. Rev. George D. M a rsh ...... 1K72 Eski Zagra. Mrs. Ursula C. Marsh ..... 1875 Rev. J W . B a i r d ...... 1872 M onnstir. Mrs. Ellen Baird ...... 1870 1875.] MISSIONARIES OF THE BOARD. 99

Went Station. MISSIONARIES. Out.

European Turkey Mission, — Continued. Rev. J. Henry H o u s e ...... 1872 Samokov. Mrs. Addie S. House ...... 1872 Rev. Edward W. J e n n e y ...... 1873 Monas tir. Mrs. Kate M. J e u n e y ...... 1873 Rev. Theodore L. Byington .... 1874 Constantinople. Mrs. Margaret E. B y in g t o n ...... 1874

M i s s i o n t o W e s t e r n T u k k jg y . Rev. Benjamin Schneider, D, D. . . . . 1833 Marsovan. Mrs. Susan M . Schneider ..... 1858 Rev, George W. Wood, D. D. . . . . 1838 Constantinople. Mrs. Sarah A. H. Wood ..... 1871 Rev. Edwin E. Bliss, D. D ...... 1843 Constantinople Mrs. Isabella H. Bliss ...... 1843 Rev. Justin W. Parsons ...... 1850 Bardesag. Mrs. Catharine Parsons ..... 1850 Rev. Wilson A. Farnsworth . . . . 1852 Cesarea. Mrs. Caroline E. Farnsworth .... 1852 Rev. Sanford Richardson ..... 1S54 Broosa. Mrs. Rhoda M. Richardson .... 1854 Rev. Ira F. Pettibone ...... 1855 Constantinople. Rev. Julius Y. L e o n a r d ...... 1857 Marsovan. Mrs. Amelia A. Leonard .... 1857 Rev. Joseph K. Greene ..... 1859 Constantinople. Mrs. Elizabeth A. Greene , . . . . 1859 Henry S. West. M. D. . . . . 1859 Sivas. Mrs. Lottie 51. West ...... 1859 Rev. George F1. Herrick ..... 1859 Constantinople. Mrs. Helen M. Herrick ...... 1859 Rev. John F. Smith ...... 1863 Marsovan. Mrs. Laura E. S m i t h ...... 1863 Miss Eliza Fritcher ...... 1863 Marsovan. Mrs. Elizabeth Giles ...... 1864 Cesarea. Rev. Theodore A. Baldwin ..... 1867 Mani ssa. Mrs. Matilda J. Baldwin . . . 1867 Rev. Charles C. T r a c y ...... 1867 Marsovan. Mrs. L. A. Tracy ...... 1867 Rev. Lyman Bartlett . . • • • • • 18C7 Cesarea. Mrs. Cornelia C. Bartlett . • . . 1867 M iss Sarah A. C l o s s o n ...... 1867 Constantinople. Mr. I-I. 0 . P w i - i u ...... 1867 Constantinople. Mrs. Ardclie M. D w i g h t ...... 1869 Miss Flavia S. Bliss . • . . . 1868 Sivas. Rev. Milan H. Hitchcock ..... 1869 Constantinople. Mrs. Lucy A. Hitchcock ..... 1869 Rev. Edward Riggs ...... 1869 Sivas. Mrs. Sarah H. R i g g s ...... 1869 Rev. J. 0 . Barrows ...... 1869 Cesarea. Mrs. Clara S. B a r r o w s ...... 1869 Miss Julia A. l i a p p l e y e ...... 1870 Constantinople. Miss Cornelia P, D w i g h t ...... 187.1 Constantinople. Miss Laura Farnham ...... 1871 Bardesag. Miss Phoebe L. C u l l ...... 1871 Manissa. Miss Fannie E. Washburn . . . . • 1872 Marsovan. Miss Charlotte L. Koyes ...... 1872 Constantinople. Rev. A. W . H u b b a rd ...... 1873 Sivas. Mrs. Emma R. Hubbard ...... 1873 Miss Electa C. Parsons . . « • • 1873 Constantinople- 100 MISSIONARIES OP THE BOARD. [,Report,

Went MISSIONARIES. Station. Out.

Mission to W estern Turkey, — Continued. Mrs. Cora W. Tomson . . . . 1873 Constantinople. Rev. Marcell us B o w e n ...... 1874 Manissa. Mrs. Flora P . Bowen ...... 1874 Rev. Charles H . Brooks ...... 1874 Manissa. M rs. Fanny W. Brooks ..... 1874 M rs. Kate P . Williams ...... 1875 Constantinople. Rev. Daniel Staver ...... 1875 Cesarea. Mrs. Abbic S . Staver ...... 1875 Rev. Charles C. S t e a r n s ...... 1875 Manissa. Mrs. Sophie D S tea rn s...... 1875 Manissa. Miss Hattie G. P o w e r s ..... 1875 Manissa.

M i s s i o n t o C e n t r a l T u r k e y . David H. Nutting, M. D ...... 1854 Kessab. Mrs. Mary E. Nutting ...... 1854 Rev. T. C . Trowbridge ..... 1855 Marash. Mrs. Margaret R. Trowbridge .... Mrs. J. L. C o ifin g ...... 1857 Marash. Miss Mvra A. Proctor ...... 1859 Ain tab. Rev. Giles F. Montgomery ..... 1863 Marash. Mrs. Emily R. M on tg om ery...... 1863 Rev. L. H. A d a m s ...... 1805 Kessab. Mrs. Nancy D. Adams ...... I8 6 0 Rev. Henry T . T e r r y ...... 1866 Marash. Mrs. Jennie H. P e r r y ...... 1866 Miss Mary G. H o l l i s t e r ...... 1867 Aintab. Rev. Henry Marden ...... 1869 Aintab. Miss Mary S . Williams ..... 1871 Marash. Miss Corinna Shattuck ...... 1 873 Aintab. Rev. Amcricus Fuller ...... 1874 Aintab. Mrs. Amelia 1). Fuller ...... 1874 Rev. Edward G. Bickford ..... 1874 Marash. Mrs. Harriet S. B i c k f o r d ...... 1874 Miss Ellen M. Pierce ...... 1874 Aintab. Miss Charlotte D. S p e n c e r ...... 1875 Marash.

M i s s i o n t o E a s t e r n T u r k e y . Rev. George C. Knapp ...... 1855 Bitlis. Mrs. Alzina M. K n a p p ...... 1855 Rev. 0 . P . A lle n ...... 1855 Harpoot. Mrs. Caroline R. Allen ...... 1855 Rev. Crosby H. Wheeler ..... 1857 Harpoot. Mrs. Susan A. W h eeler...... 1857 Rev. Herman N. Barnum, D. D ...... 1858 Harpoot. Mrs. Mary E. B a r n u m ...... Rev. Moses P. P a r m e l e e ...... 1863 Erzroom. Mrs. Julia F. Parmelee ...... 1871 Miss Hattie S ey m ou r...... 1867 Harpoot. Rev. Henrv S. B a rn u m ...... 1867 Van. Mrs. Helen P. B a r n u m ...... 1869 Rev. A. N. Andrus ...... 18C8 Mardin. Mrs. Olive L. A n d ru s...... 1868 Miss Charlotte E. E l y ...... 1868 Bitlis. Miss M. A. C . E l y ...... 1808 Bitlis. Miss Cyrene 0 . Van D u z e e ...... 1868 Erzroom. Rev. J. E. Pierce...... 1868 Erzroom. Mrs. Lizzie A. Piercc ...... 1868 Rev. R. M . Cole ...... 1868 Erzroom Mrs. Lizzie C o l e ...... 1868 1875.] MISSIONARIES OF THE BOARD. 101

Went MISSIONARIES. Out. Station.

Mission to Eastern Turkey, — Continued. George C. Ravnolds, M. D. .... 18C9 Van. Mrs. Martha W . Ravnolds ..... 1869 Miss Caroline E. Bush ..... 1870 Harpoot. Miss Mary M. Patrick ...... 1871 Erz room. Rev. J. E. Scott ...... 1872 Van. Mrs. Annie E. S c o t t ...... 1872 Rev. Newton H. B e l l ...... 1874 Mardin. Mrs. Emily H. B e ll...... 1874 Daniel M. B. Thom, M. D...... 1874 Mardin. Mrs. L. H. T h o m ...... 1874 Miss Sarah E . Scars ...... 1874 Mardin. Rev. John K. Browne ...... 1875 Harpoot.

M a h r a t t a M i s s i o n . Rev. Samuel B. Fairbank ..... 1846 Ahmednuggur. Mrs. Mary B. F airban k...... 1856 Rev. Allen Hazen, D. D...... 1846 Bombay. Mrs. Martha R. Hazen ...... 1846 Rev. Lemuel Bissell, D. D...... 1851 Ahmednuggur. M rs. Mary E . Bissell ...... 1851 Rev. Charles H arding...... 1856 Bombay. Mrs. Elizabeth D. H a r d i n g ...... 1869 Rev. Henry J. Bruce ...... 1862 Rahoori. Mrs. Hepzibeth P. B ruce...... 1862 Rev. W. H. A tkinson ...... 1867 Sholapoor. Mrs. Calista Atkinson ...... 1867 Rev. S. R. W ells...... 1869 Bhuing. Mrs. Mary L. Wells ...... 1869 Rev. Charles W. Park...... 1870 Bombay. Mrs. Anna M. Park ...... 1870 Rev. Richard Winsor ...... 1870 Satara. Mrs. Mary C. W i n s o r ...... 1870 Miss Harriet S. A s h l e y ...... 1871 Bombay. Miss Sarah F. Norris, M. D...... 1873 Bombay. Rev. Robert A. Hume ...... 1874 Ahmednuggur. Mrs. Abbie S. H u m e ...... 1874 Miss Martha A. A n d erson ...... 1874 Ahmednuggur. William 0 . Ballautine, M. D. .... 1875 Mrs. Alice C. B a lla n t in e ...... 1875 Rev. Edward S. H u m e ...... 1875 Mrs. Charlotte E. H u m e ...... 1875

M a d u r a M i s s i o n . Rev. William Tracy, 15. D ...... 1836 Tirupuvanam. Mrs. Emily F. T r a c y ...... Mrs. Martha S. Taylor ...... 1844 Mandapasalni. Rev. John R e n d a l l ...... 1845 Battalagundu. Rev. James H e r r i c k ...... 1845 Tirumangalam. Mrs. Elizabeth H. H e rrick ...... 1845 Rev. John E. Chandler...... 1845 Madura. Mrs. Charlotte H. Chandler .... 1845 Rev. Thomas S. Burnell...... 1848 Melùr. Mrs. Martha B u r n e ll...... 1848 Rev. Joseph T. N o v e s ...... 1848 Periakulam. Mrs. Elizabeth A. N o y e s ...... 1848 Rev. W. B. C a p r o n ...... 1856 Mana Madura. Mrs. Sarah B. Capron...... 1856 102 MISSIONARIES OP THE BOARD. [Report,

Went MISSIONARIES. Out. Station.

M adura M ission,— C o n tin u ed Rev. E d w a r d Chester .... 1858 Dindigul. M r s . Sophia Chester .... 1858 Rev. George T. Washburn . . . 1860 Pasumalai. Mrs. Eliza E. Washburn . . . 1860 Miss Martha S. Taylor .... 1867 Mandapasalai. H. K. Palmer, M. D. . . . . 1868 Madura. Mrs. Flora I). Palmer .... 1868 Miss Mary E. Kendall .... 1870 Battalagundu. Miss Elizabeth Sisson .... 1872 Madura. Rev. William S. Howland . . . 1873 Mandapasalai. Mrs. Mary L. Howland .... 1873 Rev. John S. Chandler . . . 1873 Madura. Mrs. Jennie E. Chandler . . . 1873 Rev. Marshall 1!. Peek . . . 1875 Mrs. Helen N. Peck .... 1875

C e y l o n M i s s i o n . Miss Eliza Agnew .... 1839 Oodooville. Rev. William W . Howland . . . 1845 Tillipally. Mrs. Susan R. Howland . . . 1845 Rev. Eurotas P. Hastings . . . 1846 Batticotta. Mrs. Anna Hasrings .... 1846 Samuel F. Green, M. D. . . . 1847 Manepy. Mrs. Margaret W. Green . . . 1862 Miss Harriet E. Townshend . . 1867 Oodoopitty. Rev. William E. De Riemer . . . 1868 Chavagacherry Mrs. Emily P. De Riemer . . . 1868 Miss Hester A. Hillis .... 1870 Batticotta. Rev. Thomas S. Smith . . . 1871 Oodoopitty. Mrs. Emily M. Smith .... 1871 Rev. Samuel W. Howland . . . 1873 Mrs. Mary E. K. Howland . . . 1873 Miss Susan R. Howland . . . 1873 I'oociiow M i s s i o n . Rev. C. C. Baldwin, D. D. . . . 1847 Nantai. Mrs. Harriet F. Baldwin . . . 1847 Rev. Charles Hartwell .... 1852 Foochow. Mrs. Lucy E. Hartwell . . . 1852 Rev. Simeon F. Woodin .... 1859 Nantai. Mrs. Sarah L. Woodin . . . 1859 Miss Adelia M. Pavson .... 1868 Nantai. D. W . Osgood, M. D. . . . 1869 Nantai. Mrs. Helen W. Osgood .... 1869 Rev. J. E. Walker .... 1872 Foochow. Mrs. E. A. Walker ..... 1872 Rev. J. B. Blakely .... 1874 Foochow. Mrs. Isabella V. Blakely . . . 1874

M i s s i o n - to N ortii China. Rev. Henry Blodget, D. D. . . 1854 Peking. Mrs. Sarah F. R. Blodget . . . 1854 Rev. C. A. Stanley .... 1862 Tientsin. Mrs. Ursula Stanley .... 1862 Rev. Lyman D. Chapin . . . 1862 Tungcho. Mrs. ClaraL. Chapin .... 1862 Rev. Chauncey Goodrich . . . 1865 Tungclio. Rev. John T. Gulick .... 1864 Kalgan. Mrs. Emily Gulick .... 1864 1875.] MISSIONARIES OF THE BOARD. 103

Went MISSIONARIES. Out. Station.

M i s s i o n t o N o r t h C h i n a ,—- Continued. Kev. Mark Williams . . . 1866 Ivalgan. Mrs. Isabella B . Williams - . 1866 Alfred 0 . Treat, M . D . . . 1867 Paiitingfoo. • Phincas R. Hunt .... 1868 Peking. Mrs. Abigail N . Hunt . . . 1868 Miss M. E . Andrews . . . 1868 Tungcho. Miss Mary H. Porter . . . 1868 Peking. Rev. Thomas W. Thompson . . 18GS Ivalgan. Rev. Chester Holcombe . - 1869 Peking. Mrs. Olive K . Holcombe . . 1869 Rev. Devello Z. Sheffield . . 1869 Tungcho. Mrs. Eleanor W. Sheffield . . 1869 Miss Naomi Diament . . - 1870 Kalgan. Rev. Isaac Pierson .... 1870 Pautingfoo. Miss Jennie E. Chapin . . 1871 Peking. Rev. Ilenry D . Porter, M. D . . . 1872 Tientsin. Rev. Arthur H. Smith . . 1872 Tientsin. Mrs. Emma J. Smith . . . 1872 Tien tsin. Miss Jennie G. Evans . . . 1872 Tungcho. Rev. Myron W. Hunt . . . 1873 Pautingfoo. Mrs. Luura A. Hunt . . . 1873 Rev. William P. Sprague . . 1874 Ivalgan Mrs. Margaret S. Sprague . . 1874

Japan M ission. Rev. I). 0. Greene . . . 1870 Yokohama- Mrs. Mary J. Greene . . . 1870 Rev. 0 . il. Gulick . . . 1870 Kobe. Mrs. Ann E. Gulick . . . 1870 Rev. J. I). Davis .... 1S71 Kobe. Mrs. Sophia D. Davis . . . 1871 John C. Berry, M. D. . . . 1871 Kobe. Mrs. Maria E. Berry . . . 1871 Rev. M. L. Gordon, M. D. . . 1872 Osaka. Mrs. Agnes H. Gordon . . . 1872 Rev. John L. Atkinson . . 1873 Kobe- Mrs. Currie E. Atkinson . . . 1873 Miss Eliza Talcott . . . 1873 Kobe. • Miss Julia E. Dudley . . , 1873 Kobe. Rev. H. H. Leavitt . . . 1873 Osaka. M iss Mary E. Gouldv . . . 1873 Osaka. Rev. Wallace Taylor, M. D. . 1873 Kobe. Mrs. Mary F. Taylor . . . 1873 Miss Julia Gulick . . . 1874 Kobe. Rev. J. H. Di' Forest . . - 1S74 Osaka- Mrs. Sarah E. Dc Forest . . 1874 Arthur H. Adams, M. D. . - 1874 Osaka. Mrs. Sarah C. Adams . . . 1874 Rev. E. T. Doane . , . - 1875 Kobe. Mrs. Clara II. S. Doane . . 1875

M i c r o n e s i a . Rev. Benjamin G. Snow . . 1851 Ebon. Mrs. Lydia V. Snow . . . ISM Rev. Albert A. Sturgcs . . ) 852 Ponapc. Mrs. Susan M. Sturuvs . . 1852 Rev. Hiram Bingham, Jr. . . 1856 | Apaiang. Mrs. Minerva C. Bingham . . 1856 104 MISSIONARIES OF THE BOARD. [R eport,

Went Station. MISSIONARIES. Out.

M icronesia, — Continued. Rev. Joel F. Whitnev ...... 1871 Ebon. Mrs. Louisa M. Whitney ..... 1871 Rev. Robert W. Logan ..... 1874 Ponape. Mrs. Mary E. Logan ...... 1874 Rev. Horace J. Taylor ..... 1874 Apaiang. Mr. Frank E. Rand ...... 1874 Ponape. Mrs. Carrie T. R a n d ...... 1874

D a k o t a M i s s i o n . Rev. S. R. Riggs, LL. D ...... 1837 Good Will, Dak. Mrs. Annie B. Riggs ...... Rev. Alfred L. R i g g s ...... 1870 Santee Agy. Neb. Mrs. M a ry B. R i g g s ...... 1870 Mr. Wyllys K. Morris ...... 1870 Good Will, Dak. Mrs. Martini Riggs Morris ..... 1870 Mrs. Adele Curtis ...... Rev. Thomas L. Riggs ...... 1872 Fort Sully, Dak. Mrs. Nina M. Riggs ...... 1873 Mrs. Lucinda P. Ingham ..... 1873 Santee Agency. Miss Maria L. Haines...... 1875 Bogue. Miss Mary C. C o l l i n s ...... Miss Emma Whipple ...... 1875 Santee Agency. Miss Martha A. S h e p a r d ...... 1873 Santee Agency.

C h o c t a w M i s s i o n . Rev. Simon L. Hobbs, M. D. . . • . . 1873 Green Hill, Ark. Mrs. Mary C. Hobbs . . . . . 1873

M iss io n * t o W e s t e r n * M e x i c o . Rev. David Watkins ...... 1S72 Guadalajara. Mrs. Edna M. W a tk in s...... 1872 Rev. John Edwards ...... 1875 Guadalajara. Mrs. Mary J. E d w a r d s ...... 1875

M i s s i o n t o N o r t h e r n M e x i c o . Rev. James K. Kilbourn ..... 1874 Monterey. Miss Carrie M . S t r o n g ...... 1874

M i s s i o n t o S p a i n . Rev. William H. Gulick ...... 1871 Santander. Mrs. Alice Gordon Gulick ..... 1871 Rev. Thomas L. G u l ic k ...... 1873 Mrs. Alice E. W. G u l i c k ...... 1873

M is s io n t o A u s t r i a . Rev. H. A. Schauffler...... 1872 Briinn. Mrs. Clara E. Schauffler ..... 1872 Rev. A . W. Clark ...... 1872 Gratz.' Mrs. Nellie M. C l a r k ...... 1872 Rev. Edwin A. Adams ..... 1872 Prague. Mrs. Caroline A. P. Adams ..... 1872 Rev. Edwin C. Bissull, D. D ...... 1873 Gratz. Mrs. Emily Pomeroy B is s e ll...... 1873

M issionaries R e s i d e n t a t t h e H a w a i i a n I s l a n d s . Mrs. Lucv G. T h u rston ...... 1819 Honolulu. Mrs. Maria P. Chamberlain .... 1827 Honolulu. Rev. Dwight Baldwin, M. D ...... 1830 Honolulu. 1875.] MISSIONARIES OP THE BOARD. 105

Went MISSIONARIES. Out. Station.

Hawaiian Islands, — Continued. Rev. Lorenzo Lyons ...... 1831 Waimea. Mrs. Lucretia G. L y o n s ...... Rev. David B. L y m a n ...... 1831 Hilo. Mrs. Sarah B. Lyman ...... Rev. William P. Alexander .... 1831 Wailuku. Mrs. Mary Ann A le x a n d e r ...... Mrs. Ursula S. Emerson ..... 1831 Waialua. Mrs. Rebecca H. H it c h c o c k ...... 1831 Honolulu. Rev. Lowell Smith, D. D ...... 1832 Honolulu. Mrs. Abba W . Smith ...... Rev. Benjamin W . P a rk e r ...... 1832 Honolulu. Mrs. Mary E. P a r k e r ...... Rev. Titus Coan ...... 1833 Hilo. Mrs. Lois S. Johnson ...... 1836 Waioli. Rev. Elias Bond ...... 1841 Kohala. Mrs. Ellen M. Bond ...... Rev. J. D. P aris ...... 1841 Honolulu. Mrs. Mary C. Paris ...... Rev. Daniel Dole ...... 1841 Koloa. Rev. James W , Smith, M. D . . . . . 1842 Koloa. Mrs. Melieent K. S m i t h ...... Rev. John F, Pogue ...... 1844 Honolulu. Mrs. K. PoiiTO . .... 106 MEMBERS OF THE BOARD. [Report,

MEMBERS OF THE BOARD.

CORPORATE MEMBERS.

[The names under each State are arranged according to the time of election.]

Maine. 1832. EXOCII POND, D. I)., Bangor. 1556. WILLIAM W. THOMAS, Esq., Portland. 1864. JOIIX J. CARRUTHERS, D. D., Portland. 1870. JOIIX 0 . F1SRE, D. D., Bath. 1870. JOSEPH S. W HEELWRIGHT, Esq., Bangor. 1871- W ILLIAM WAR11EX, D. D., Gorham.

New Hampshire. 1842. BENJAMIN LABAREE, D. D., Charlestown. 1853. ASA D. SMITH, D. D., Ilanover. 1857. NATHANIEL BOUTON, D. D., Concord. 1S59. lion . WILLIAM H AILE, Keene. 1860. Hon. GEORGE W. NESMITH, Franklin. 1864. Hon. JQHX W . XOVES, Chester. 1867. ALOXZO II. QUINT, D. D ., Dover. 1871. JOSEPH B. WALKER, Esq., Concord. 1871. JOSIAH G. DAVIS, D. D ., Amherst.

Vermont. 1851. HARVEV D. KITCHELL, D. D., Middlcbury. 1867. TIIADDEUS FAIRBANKS, Esq., St. Johnsbury. 1867. Hon. JOIIX B. PAGE. Rutland. 1869. CHARLES F. THOMPSON, Esq., Brattleborough. 1873. W ILLIAM H. LORD, D. D., Montpelier. 1873. ALDACE W ALKER, D. D., Wallingford. 1874. Rev. GEORGE B. SAFFORD, Burlington.

Massachusetts. 1832. RUFUS ANDERSON, D, D., LL. D ., Boston. 1837. NEIIEMIAH ADAMS, D. D., Boston. 1838. AARON WARNER, D. D., Amherst. 1838. MARK HOPKINS, D. D., LL. D., WilliamBtown. 1840 EHENEZER ALDEX, M. D., Randolph. 1843. Rev. SELAII B. TREAT, Boston. 1846- HENRY B. HOOKER, D. D ., Boston. 1848. ANDREW W. PORTER, Esq., Munson. 3848. LAURENS 1*. IIIOKOCK, D. D., LL. D ., Amherst. 1849. AUGUSTUS C. THOMPSON, D. D ., Boston. 1854. JOHN W. ClIICKERING, D. D ., Wakefield. 1854. SETH SWEETSER, D. 1>., Worcester. 1854. JAMES M. GORDON, Esq., Auburndale. 1857. Hon. ALPHEUS HARDY, Boston. 1875.] MEMBERS OF THE BOARD. 107

1862. ABNER KINGMAN, Esq., Boston. 1862. Hon. W ILLIAM HYDE, Ware. 1863. WILLIAM A. STEARNS, D. D., LL. D ., Amherst. 1863. EDWARDS A. PA liK , D. D., Andover. 1865. NATHANIEL GEORGE CLARK, D. D ., Boston. 1865. LANGDON S. WARD, Esq., Boston. 1866. JOHN 0. MEANS, D. D., Boston. 1867. DANIEL T. FISKE, D. D., Newburyport. 1867. SAMUEL M. LANE, Esq., Southbridge. 1867. JOSHUA W . WELLMAN, D. D ., Malden. 1868. EZRA FARNSWORTH, Esq., Boston. 1868. GEORGE MERRIAM, Esq., Springfield. 1869. EDMUND K . ALDEN, D. D., Boston. 1870. GORDON HALL, D. D.. Northampton. 1870. JOSEPH S. ROPES, Esq., West Roxbury. 1S70- J. RUSSELL BRADFORD, Esq., Boston. 1870. ELEAZAR PORTER, Esq., Iladley. 1570. Rev. ISAAC R. WORCESTER, Auburndale. 1871. GEORGE W. BLAGDEN, D. D ., Boston. 1871. PETER SMITH, Esq., Andover. 1571. NAHUM GALE, D. D., Lee. 1871. SAMUEL G. BUCKINGHAM, D. D., Springfield, 1871. Rev. JAMES H. MEANS, Dorchester. 1871. EDWIN B. WEBB, D. D., Boston. 1871. EBENEZER CUTLER, D. D., Worcester. 1871. Hon. CHARLES T. RUSSELL, Cambridge. 1871. JOHN N. DENISON, Esq., Boston. 1871. JOHN FIELD, Esq., Arlington. 1871. Hon. W ILLIAM B. WASHBURN, Greenfield. 1871. GEORGE R. CHAPMAN. Esq., Salem. 1^73. NATHAN DURFEE, M. D., Fall River. 1873. CHARLES P. W HITIN, Esq., Whitinsville. 1873. JOSEPH O. TYLER. Esq., Boston. 1873. HEN11Y F. DURANT, Esq., Wellesley. 1873. Rev. EDWARD S. ATWOOD, Salem. 1874. A. E. P. PERKINS, D. D., Ware. 1S74. NATHAN CARRUTH, Esq., Dorchester. 1874. DANIEL L. FURBER, D. D., Newton Center. 1874. RIC'IARD II. STEARNS, Esq., Boston. 1874. P IIIL ir L. MOEX, Esq., Worcester. 1874. SAMUEL JOHNSON, Esq., Boston. 1875. Prof. EC liERT C. SMYTH, Andover. 1875. Rev. JOHN' W . HARDING, Longmeadow. . 1875. Rev. GEORGE N. ANTHOXY, Peabody. 1875. ARTHUR W. TUFTS, Esq., Boston Highlands. 1875. SAMUEL D. SMITH, Esq,, West Roxbury. 1875. A. LYMAN WILLISTON, E*q., Tlorence.

Hhode Island. 1846. THOMAS SHEPARD, D. D., Bristol. 1857. AMOS D. LOCKWOOD, Esq., Providence. 1867. Hon. AMOS 0. BARST0W , Providence. 1868. CONSTANTINE. BLODGETT, D. D., Pawtucket. 1870. THACIIER TIIAYEIt, D. D., Newport. 1871. ROWLAND HAZARD, Esq., Peacedale. 1875. Rev. THOMAS LAURIE, D. D., Providence.

Connecticut.

1842. ALVAN BOND, D. D., Norwich. 1856. GEORGE E. ADAMS, D. D., Orange. 108 MEMBERS OF THE BOARD. I Report,

1842. LEONARD BACON, D. D., New Haven. 1842. HENRY W HITE, Esq., New Haven. 1843. W ILLIAM PATTON, D. D.. New Haven. 1846. CALVIN E. STOWE, D. D ., Hartford. 1862. CALVIN DAY, Esq., Hartford. 1863. OLIVER E. DAGGETT, D. D ., New London. 1863. Hon. SAMUEL MILLER, New Haven. 18G8. HENRY P. HAVEN, Esq., New London. 1870. CHARLES BENEDICT, Esq., Waterbury. 1870. JOHN N. STICKNEY, Esq., Rockville. 1870. Rev. EDWARD HAWES, New Haven. 1871. NOAH PORTER, D. D., LL. D ., New Haven. 1871. SAMUEL G. WILLARD, I). D., Colchester. 1871. Hon. BENJAMIN DOUGLAS, Middletown. 1871. FREDERIC N. MARQUAND, Esq., Southport. 1871. Rev. CHARLES RAY PALMEll, Bridgeport. 1873. THOMAS P. FIELD, D. D., New London. 1873. Rev. JOHN E. TODD, New Haven. 1873. JOHN B. ELDRIDGE, Esq., Hartford. 1874. WILLIAM THOMPSON, D. D., Hartford. 1874. Hon. GEORGE C. WOODRUFF, Litchfield 1874. ROLAND M ATlIEll. Esq., Hartford. 1875. Rev. MALCOLM McG. DANA, Norwich. 1875. CHARLES BOSWELL, Esq., West Hartford. 1875. JOHN T. ROCKWELL, Esq., West Winsted.

New York.

1839. WILLIAM B. SPRAGUE, D. D., Flushing. 1840. WILLARD CHILD, D. D., Mooers. 1845. JOHN FORSYTH, D. D., West Point. 1846. Hon. HENRY W. TAYLOR, LL. D., Canandaigua. 1846. Hon. CALVIN T. IIULBURD, Brasher Falla. 1851. JOHN C. HOLBROOK, D. D., Syracuse. 1852. Hon. W ILLIAM F. ALI.EN. New York city. 1863. OLIVER E. WOOD, Esq., New York city. 1853. MONTGOMERY S. GOODALE, D. D., Amsterdam. 1854. RAY PALMER, D. D., New York city. 1855 GEORGE B. CHEEVER, D. D., New York city. 1855. JACOB M. SCIIERMERHORN, Esq., Homer. 1857. Hon. W ILLIAM E. DODGE, New York city. 1860. SIMEON B. CHITTENDEN, Eq., Rochester. 1867. HENRY M. STOItRS, D. D., Brooklyn. 1870. Rev. HENRY WARD BEECHER, Brooklyn. 1870. RICHARD P. BUCK, Esq., Brooklyn. 1870. ALFRED S. BARNES, E sq., Brooklyn. 1871. DANIEL W. LATHROP, D. D., New York city. 1871. D. W ILLIS JAMES, Esq., New York city. 1871. HENRY M. SCUDDEK, D. D., Brooklyn. 1871. CHARLES P. ltlSli, D. D., New York city. 1878. W ILLIAM M. TAYLOR, D. D ., New York city.

New Jersey.

1843. BENJAMIN C. TAYLOR, D. D., Hudson. 1848. Hon. DANIEL HAINES Hamburg. 1875.] MEMBERS OF THE BOARD. 109

1867. AARON CARTER, Esq., Orange. 1870. SAMUEL HOLMES, Esq., Montclair.

Pennsylvania. 1859. JAMES W. W EIR, Esq., Harrisburg. 1872. Rev. J. II. COULTER, Brownsville. 1873- GEORGE L. WEED, Esq., Philadelphia.

District of Columbia. 1871. Hon. PETER PARKER, Washington.

Virginia. 1840. DAVID H. RIDDLE, D. D., Martinsburg.

Ohio. 1843. SAMUEL C. AIKEN, D. D., Cleveland. 1853. DOUGLAS PUTNAM, Esq., Harmar. 1863. JOSEPH PERKINS, Esq., Cleveland. 1807. SAMUEL WOLCOTT, D. D., Cleveland. 1867. ISRAEL W. ANDREW.«, D. I)., Marietta. 1869. ANDREW L. GRIMES, E*q., Mansfield. 1S70. JAMES II. FAIUCIIILD, D. D ., Oberlin. 1870- WILLIAM J. BREED, Esq., Cincinnati. 1870. Rev. IIIRAM C. HAYDN, Cleveland. 1871. TIIERON II. HAWKS, D. D., Marietta. 1S71- SETH H. SHELDON. Esq., Cleveland. 1873- FRANCIS C. SESSIONS, Esq., Columbus.

Indiana. 1867- SAMUEL II. POTTER, Esq., Terre Haute. 1874. llev. NATHANIEL A. IIYDE, Indianapolis. .

Illinois. 1851. JULIAN M. STURTEYANT,D. D., Jacksonville. 1851. ROBERT W . PATTERSON, D. D., Chicago. 1853. Rev. AUGUSTUS T. NORTON, Alton. 1853. WILLIAM S. CURTIS, D. D., Galesburg. 1857. Rev. W. HENRY W ILLIAMS, Perry. 1860. SAMUEL C. BARTLETT, D. D., Chicago. 1807. Hon. CHARLES G. HAMMOND, Chicago. 1869. WILLIAM W. PATTON, D. D., Chicago. I860. Gen. S. LOCKWOOD BROWN, Chicago.' ' 1869. GEORGE N. BOARDMAN, D. D., Chicago. 1871- EDWARD P. GOODWIN, D. D., Chicago. 1871. ELIPI1ALET W. BLATCIIFORD, Esq., Chicago. 1871. RALPH EMERSON, Esq., Rockford. 1871. Rev. SIMON J. HUMPHREY, Chicago. 1873. HOWARD Z. CULVER, Esq., Chicago. 1874. Hon. WILLIAM I. PHELPS, Elmwood. 1875. CHARLES H. BULL, Esq., Quiucy.

Michigan. 1867. Hon. SOLOMON R. W1TIIEY, Grand Rapids. 1867. Rev. PHILO R. 1IURD, Eaton Rapids. 1871. PHILO PARSONS, Esq., Detroit. 1873 Rev. JAMES S. IIOYT, Port Huron. 1874. Rev. RICHARD CORD LEY, Kent. 110 MEMBERS OP THE BOARD. [Report,

Wisconsin. 1851. AAEON L. CHAPIN, D. D., Beloit. 1860. Key. ENOS J. MONTAGUE, Fort Atkinson. 1870. WILLIAM E. MERRIMAN, D. D., Upon.

Minnesota. 1871. JAMES W . STRONG, D. D ., Northfield. 1872. Rev HENRY L. COBB, Minneapolis.

Iowa. 1867- ALDEN B. ROBBINS, D. D-. Muscatine. 1867. Hon. JOHN G. FOOTE. Burlington. 1871. Hon. SAMUEL MERRILL, Des Moines.

Missouri. 1857. TRUMAN M. POST, D. D., St. Louis. 1860. JOHN P., JOHNSON, M. D , St. Louis. 1870. Rev. COXSTAXS L. GOODELL, St. Louis.

Oregon. 1871. Gen. OLIVER O. HOWARD, Portland.

California. 1865. ANDREW L. STONE. I). P .. San Francisco. 1870. Rev. JESSE W . HOUGII. Santa Barbara. 1871. Rev. JOHN K. MCLEAN, Oakland.

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

Great Britain. Election. 1840. JOHN STEVENSON, D. D. 1840. Rev. GEORGE CANDY. 1843. Lieut.-Col. ROBERT ALEXANDER. 1851. Lord STltATFOKD DE KEDCL1FFE 1875.] MEMBERS DECEASED OR RESIGNED. Ill

COKPORATE MEMBERS DECEASED OR RESIGNED.

[The names under each State are arranged according to the time of decease or resignation. The year is that ending with the annual meetings in September or October.]

D ea th or D ea th or E lection . M a i n e . Resignation. Election. Resignation. 1813 JESSE APPLETON, D. D. 1820 1822 SAMUEL AUSTIN, D. D. 1831 1826 EDWARD PAYSOX, D. D. 1828 1831 ELIAS CORNELIUS, D. D. 1832 1842 DAVID DUNLAP, 1843 1828 BENJAMIN 11. WISNER. D. D. 1835 1813 Gen. HENRY SEWALL, 1845 1818 Hon. WILLIAM REED. 1837 1842 W ILLIAM RTCIIARDSON, 1847 1831 WARREN FAY, D. D r . 1839 1842 ELIPHALET GILLETT, D. D. 1S49 1810 WILLIAM BARTLETT, 1841 1836 LEVI CUTTER, 1856 1842 Rev. DANIEL CROSBY', 1843 1845 ASA CUMMINGS, D. D. 1856 1821 SAMUEL HUBBARD, LL. D. 1848 183S JOHN W. ELLINGWOOD, D. D. 1860 . 1826 JOHN CODMAN, D. D. 1848 1S38 BENJAMIN TAPPAN, D.D. 1864 1832 Hon. SAMUEL T . ARMSTRONG, 1850 1851 GEORGE E. PATTEN, Esq. 1869 1826 Hon. LEWIS STRONG, r. 1852 1835 DANIEL NOYES, 1852 New Hampshire. 1839 BELA B. EDWARDS, D. D. 1852 1812 JOHN LANGDOX, LL. D. 1820 1842 Hon. ALFRED D. FOSTER, 1852 1812 SETH PAYSOX. D. D. 1820 1826 JUSTIN EDWARDS, D- D. 1853 1820 Hon. THOMAS W . THOMPSON, 1822 1819 LEONARD WOODS, D. D. 1854 1830 Hon. GEORGE SULLIVAN. 1838 1821 JOSHUA BATES, D. D. 1854 1820 JOHN HUBBARD CHURCH, D. D. 1840 1840 Hon. DAVID MACK, 1854 1842 Hon. MILLS OLCOTT, 1845 1851 Hon. DANIEL SAFFORD, 1856 1842 Rev. ARCHIBALD BURGE:.'?, 1850 1840 DANIEL DANA, D. D. 1859 1S40 Hon. EDMLND PARKER, 1856 1823 HEMAN HUMPHREY', D. D. 1861 1838 SAMUEL FLETCHER, 1859 1838 THOMAS SNELL, D. D. 1862 1842 Rev. JOHN WOODS, 1861 1845 Hon. WILLIAM J. HUBBARD, I 860 1832 NATHAN LORD, D. D. 1870 1832 Rev. DAVID GREENE, 1866 1862 EDWARD SPAULDING, M D., r. 1870 1840 ALFRED ELY, D. D. 1866 1840 ZEDEKIAtl S. BARSTOW, D. D. 1S73 1S40 HORATIO BARDWELL, D. D. I860 1862 ALYAN TOBEY. D. 1). 1874 1842 WILLIAM T. DWIGHT, D. D. 1866 1842 JOHN K. YOUNG, D. D. 1875 1847 SAMUEL M. WORCESTER, D. D. 1866 1S34 Rev. SYLVESTER HOLMES, 1867 V e r m o n t . 1840 WILLIAM JENKS, D. D. 1867 1818 Hon. CHARLES MARSII, 1849 1848 Hon. SAMUEL H. WALLEY, r. 1867 1840 WILLIAM PAGE, 1850 1850 Hon. JOHN AIKEN, 1867 183S JOHN WHEELER, D. D. 1862 1812 WILLIAM ALLEN. D. D. 1868 1B42 Hon. ERASTUS FAIRBANKS, 1865 1S43 SWAN L. POMROY, D. D. 1869 1859 LEWIS II. DELANO, 1867 1852 WILLIAM ROPES, Esq. 1869 1839 SILAS AIK EN , D. 1). 1869 ; 1855 AMO? BLANCHARD, D. D. 1869 1838 CHARLES WALKER, D. D r. 1870 j 182S HENRY HILL, Esq., 7. 1870 1842 Rev. JOSEPH STEELE, 1872 j 1845 Hon. LINUS CHILD, 1870 | 1827 JOHN TA1TAN. Esq. 1871 Massachusetts. ^ 1842 EBENEZER BURGESS, D. D. 1871 1810 SAMUEL H. W'ALLEY, r. 1S11 ' 1S42 JOHN NELSON, D. D. 1872 1810 SAMUEL SPRING, D. D. 1S19 | 1871 JOHN P. WILL1STON, Esq. 1872 1810 SAMUEL WORCESTER. D. D. 1821 j 1871 ALFRED B. ELY, Esq. 1872 1818 ZEPHANIAII SWIFT MOORE, D.D. 1S23 : 1830 CHARLES STODDARD, Esq. 1873 1811 JEDID1AII MORSE, D. D. 1826 1842 RICHARD S. STORRS, D. D. 1873 1812 Hon. WILLIAM PHILLIPS, 1S27 1853 JOHN TODD, D. D. 1873 1810 JOSEPH LYMAN, P. D. 1828 I860 Hon. IlEUBEX A- CHAPMAN, 1873 1823 EDWARD A. NEWTON, r. 1828 1S42 lion. SAMUEL WILLISTON, 1874 1812 Hon. JOHN HOOKER, 1S29 1850 Hon. WILLIAM T. EUSTIS, 1674 1812 JEREMIAH EVARTS, 1S31 1SC7 RICHARD BORDEN, Esq. 1874 1 1 2 MEMBERS DECEASED OR RESIGNED. \JReport,

D eath or D ea th or Resignation. Election. Resignation. Rhode Island. 1835 W ILLIAM J. ARMSTRONG, D. D. 1847 1812 W ILLIAM JONES. 1843 W ALTER HUBBELL, 1848 1850 JOHN KINGSBURY, LL. D. 1875 1843 ASA T. HOPKINS, D. D. 1848 1838 HENRY WIIITE, D. D. 1850 Connecticut. 1842 JOHN W. ADAMS, D. D. 1850 1810 TIMOTHY DWIGHT, D. D., LL. D. 1817 1824 DAVID PORTEIt, D. D. 1851 1810 Gon. JEDID1AH HUNTINGTON, 1819 1838 D. W. C. OLYPHANT, r. 1851 1810 JOHN TREADWELL, LL. D. 1823 1839 ELIPHALET W1CKES, 1851 1830 Hon. ROGER MINOT SHERMAN r.1830 1848 EIISKTNE MASON, D. D. 1851 1836 HENRY HUDSON', 1843 1812 IIENKY DAVIS, D. D. 1852 1819 JOHN COTTON SMITII, LL. D. 1846 1826 NATHANIEL W. HOWELL, LL. D. 1852 1812 Rev. THOMAS PUNDERSON, 1848 1824 PH ILIP MILLEDOLER, D. D. 1853 1S40 DANIEL DOW, D. D. 1849 183S ELISHA YALE. D. D. 1853 1810 CALVIN CHAPIN, D. D. 1851 1840 ANSON G. PHELPS, 1854 184S NATHANIEL O. KELLOGG, 1854 1840 HHtAM H. SEELYE, 1855 1823 BENNET TYLER, D. D. 1S5S 1S3G Rev. IIENRY DWIGHT, 1857 1851 CHARLES J. STED5IAN, 1859 1842 CHARLES 31. LEE, LL. D. 1857 1842 CIIAUNCEY A. GOODRICH, D. D. 186'-» 1854 ANSON G. PHELPS, 1858 1852 ABEL MCEWEN, D. D. 18 1846 JAMES CROCKER, 1861 1838 Hon. JOSEPH RUSSELL, 1881 1826 THOMAS MoAl'LEY, D. D., LL. D. 1862 1833 THOMAS S. WILLIAMS, LL. D. 1S62 1842 IIOKACE HOLDEN, 1802 184-3 Rev. DAVID L. OODEX, 1864 1S23 LYMAN BEECHER, D. D. 1863 1860 JOHN A. DAVENPORT, I860 1S4'2 HARVEY ELY, 1863 1*32 NOAII PORTER. D. D. 1860 1843 EDWARD ROBINSON, D. D. 1863 1840 H o d . SETH TERRY, 1860 1833 PELATIAII PERRIT, 1864 1854 SAMUEL S. W. DUTTON, D. D. 1S6G 1848 WILLIAM M. UALSTED, 1864 I860 ELISUA L. CLEVELAND, D. D. l%lj 1860 JAMES W. McLANE, D. D. 1864 1817 JEltEMIAH DAY, D. D., LL. D. 1867 ISIS DAVID WESSON, r. 1865 1838 JOEL HAWES, D. D. 1867 184S ABRA M V. IIASBROUCK, LL. D., r. 1865 1843 JOEL II. LINSLEY, D. 1). 1868 1S51 R -v. SIMEON NORTH, LL. T).,,. 1805 1859 THEODORE D. WOOLSEY, D. D., 1S12 ELIPHALET NOTT, D. D. 1866 LL. D .,r. 1868 1840 Hou. CHARLES W. ROCKWELL, 1867 1840 JOHN T. NORTON, Esq. 1869 1842 Hun. WILLIAM L. 1\ WARREN, r. 1867 1855 GEORGE KELLOGG, Esq. 1870 1840 REEDEN H. WALWORTH, LL. D. 1868 1867 WILLIAM W . DAVENPORT, D. D. 1870 1848 SIMEON BENJAMIN, 1868 1852 Gen. W ILLIAM WILLIAMS, 1871 183S WILLIAM W. CHESTER, Esq. 1S69 186) LUCIUS BARBOUR, Esq. 1873 1840 DIEDRIOII W ILLEltS, D. D., r. l^i.iü 1838 MARK TUCKER, D. D. 1875 1834 JAMES M. MATTHEWS, D. D. 1870 1838 Hon THOMAS W. WILLIAMS 1875 1852 ISAAC X. WYCKOl'F, D. D. 1870 1859 H on. WILLIAM A. BUCKING­ 1863 FREDERICK STARR, Esq. 1870 HAM, LL. D. 1875 1842 SAMUEL II. COX, D. D ., LL. D., r. 1S70 1867 JOSEPH ELDRIDGE, D. D. 1875 1842 WILLIAM ADAMS, D. D., r. 1870 1843 WILLIAM W. STONE, E sq .,r. 1870 N e w Y o r k . 1845 BAXTER DICKENSON, D. D .,/. 1870 1818 Col. HENRY LINCLEAN, 1822 1B55 PHILEMON H. FOWLER, I). D.tr. 1870 1819 DIVIE BETHUNE, 1825 1855 SAMUEL T. SPEAR, D. D., r. 1870 1812 JOHN JA Y, LL. D. 1829 I860 WILLIAM A. BOOTH, Es(i.,r. 1870 1824 Col. HENRY RUTGER.-, 1830 1862 JOHN G. ATTERBURY, D. D., r. 1870 1826 Col. KICIIAKD VAUICK, 1831 1863 ROBERT R. BOOTH, D. D., r. 187" 1812 EGBERT BENSON, LL. D. 1833 1863 GEORGE L. PRENTISS, D. D .,». 1870 1822 JONAS PLATT, LL. D. 1834 1838 THOMAS H. SKINNER, D. D. 1871 1826 WILLIAM McMUKRAY, D. D. 1836 1842 ARISTARCHUS CHAMPION, Esq. 1871 1826 JOHN NITCIHK, 1850 ROBERT W. CONDIT, I). D. 1871 1816 STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER, 1854 WALTER CLARKE, D. D. 1871 LL. D. 1839 1864 SHERMAN B. CANFIELD, D. D. 1871 1824 ELEAZAK LORD, r. 1841 1842 ANSEL D. EDDY, D. D., r. 1871 1832 ZECIIARIAH LE WIS, 1841 1855 M. LA RUE P. THOMPSON, D. D .,r. 1871 1840 GERRIT WENDELL, 1841 1852 GEORGE W. WOOD, D. D .p r. 1872 1812 JAMES RICHARDS, D. D. 1843 1840 CHARLES MILLS, Esq. 1872 1813 ALEXANDER M. PROUDFIT,D. D. 1843 1824 GARDNER SPRING, D. D. 3873 1832 ORRIN DAY, 1347 1838 ISAAC FERRIS, D. D. 1873 1875.] MEMBERS. DECEASED OR RESIGKED. 113

Death or D ea th or Election. Resignation. Election. Resignation. 1852 W ALTER S. GRIFFITH. Esq. 1873 District of Columbia. 1826 THOMAS DeWITTE, D. D. 1874 1819 ELIAS BOUDINOT CALDWELL, 1825 1840 DAVID H. LITTLE, Esq. 1874 1826 JOSEPH NOURSE, 1841 1860 JONATHAN B. CONDIT, D. I). 1875 1842 JOHN C. SMITH, D. D., r. 1870 1860 WILLIAM S. SOUTHWORTH, Esq. 1875 V ir g in ia . New Jersey. 1823 JOHN II. RICE, D. D. 1831 1812 ELIAS BOUDINOT, LL. D. 1822 1832 GEORGE A. BAXTER, D. D. 1841 1823 EDWARD DORR GRIFFIN, D. D. 1838 1826 "WILLIAM MAX-WELL, 1857 1812 SAMUEL MILLER, D. D .,r. 1839 1834 THOMAS P. ATKINSON, M. D., r. 1859 1826 JAMES CARNAHAN, 1). D., 1849 1826 Gen. JOHN H. COCKE, 1866 1826 ARCHIBALD ALEXANDER,, D. D .,r. 1850 1855 F. T. FRELIN'GHUYSEN, r. 1859 North Carolina. 1826 THEODORE FRELINGIIUYSEN', 1834 JOSEPH CALDWELL, D D. 1835 LL. D. 1862 1834 W. McPHETERS, D. D. 1843 1860 Hon. WILLIAM PENNINGTON, 1862 1840 Hon. JOSEPH C. IIORNBLOWER. 1864 South Carolina. 1823 S. V. S. WILDER, 1865 1838 DAVID MAGIE, D. D. 3865 1826 MOSES WADDELL, D. D. 1840 BENJAMIN M. PALMER, D. D. 1856 LYNDON A. SMITH, M. D. 1866 1826 1848 183S RICIIARD T. HAINES, r. 1S67 1839 REUBEN POST, D. D.,r. 1855 1855 Rev. TIIORNTON A. MILLS, 1867 * G e o r g ia . 1842 J. MARSHALL PAUL, M. D .,r. 1870 1853 JONATHAN F. STEARNS, D. I)., 1870 1826 JOHN CUMMINGS, M. D. 1838 1842 JOEIi PARKER, D. D. 1873 1834 THOMAS GOLDING, D. D. 1848 1832 Hon. PETER D. VROOM. 1S74 1831 Hon. JOSEPH H. LUMPKIN.

Pennsylvania. T e n n e s s e e . 1812 ROBERT RALSTON, 1836 1826 CHARLES COFFIN, D. D. 1812 ASIIBEL GREEN, D. D r . 1840 1834 ISAAC ANDERSON, D. D. 1834 ALEXANDER I1EXRY, 1847 1842 SAMUEL RIIEA, Esq. 1864 1826 SAMUEL AGNEW, M. D. . 1850 1832 CORNELIUS C. CUYLER, D. D. 1850 O liio. 182G THOMAS BRADFORD, 1852 1835 MATTHEW BROWN, D. D. 1853 1832 JAMES IIOGE, D. D., r. 1847 1842 EL1PIIALET W. GILBERT. D. D. 1853 1826 ROBERT G. WILSON, D. D. 1855 1833 THOMAS FLEMING, 1855 1S34 ROBERT H. BISHOP, D. D. 1855 GABRIEL TICHENOR, 1826 JOHN LUDLOW, D. D. 1857 1851 1855 1848 CHARLIE S. WU11TS, r. 1858 1845 Rev. HARVEY COE, 1860 ROBERT STEELE, 1835 W ILLIAM S. PLUMER, 1». D ., r. 1859 1?58 W. r. 3865 HENRY SMITH, D. D 1826 W ILLIAM NEILL, D. D. 1860 1S51 .,r. 1S67 1857 TRUMAN P. HANDY, Esq.,r. 1870 1832 JOHN MCDOWELL, D. D. 1863 1838 GEORGE E. PIERCE, D. D. 1871 1840 J. W. NEV1N, D. D .,r. 1865 1851 D. HOWE ALLEN, D. D. 1871 1856 MATTHIAS W. BALDWIN, 1866 1S53 HENRY L. HITCHCOCK, D. 1871 1859 THOMAS BRAINERD, D. D. 1866 D., r. 1S67 Hon. C. N. OLDS, r. 1871 1840 BERNARD C. D eWOLFF, D. D-, r. 1S67 1851 SAMTJEL M. FISHER, D. V. 1874 183S W ILLIAM R: DeW ITT, D. D. 3868 1840 -WILLIAM JESSUP, LL. D. 186S 1855 Hon. WILLIAM STRONG, r. 1870 I n d ia n a . 1840 Rev. ALBERT BARNES. 1871 1S38 ELIHU W. BALDWIN, D. P. 1841 1840 H on. WILLIAM DARLING, 1871 1853 SAMUEL MERRILL, 1855 1855 GEORGE A. LYON, D. D. 1871 1842 CHARLES WHITE, D. D. 1862 1838 AMBROSE W H ITE, Esq., r. 1S71 1851 Hon. JEREMIAH SULLIVAN, r. 18G7 1864 SAMUEL SMALL, Esq., r. 1871 1367 JOSEPH TUTTLE, D. D. r. 1874 1869 Hon. HENRY W . WILLIAMS, r. 1871 1855 JOHN A. BROWN, Esq. 1873 I llin o is . 1843 SAMUEL H. PERKIN'S, Esq. 1874 1821 GIDEON BLACKBURN, D. D. 1839 M a r y la n d . 1853 DAVID A. SMITH, IS65 1834 W ILLIAM NEVINS, D. D. 1836 1351 Rev. ARATAS KENT, 1866 1888 JAMES G. HAMNER, D. D., r. 1865 1851 W ILLIAM H. BROWN, 1867 114 MEMBERS DECEASED OR ^RESIGNED. [Report,

D ea th or D ea th or JStociton. Resignation. Election. Resignation. 186S DEVILLO R. HOLT, Esq., r. 1870 1851 ELIPHALET CRAMER, Esq. 1871 1826 NATHAN S. S. BEMAN, D. D. 1871 1840 EDWARD W. HOOKER, D. D. 1875 1853 Rev. W ILLIAM CARTER, 1871 1853 Rev. J. W. CUNNINGHAM, r. 1S71 I o w a . 1871 HENRY HITCHCOCK, Esq., r. 1872 1843 WILLIAM W ISNER, D. D. 1871

M i c h i g a n . M is s o u r i. 1838 EUROTAS P HASTINGS, r. 1865 1840 ARTEMAS BULLARD, D. D. 1856 1&51 Hon. CHARLES NOBLE, 1875 1851 HENRY A . NELSON, D. D .,r. 1870

W i s c o n s i n * M in n e s o ta . 1840 Rev. CHAUNCEY EDDY, 1861 1807 DANIEL W. INGERSOLL, Esq., r. 1870 1875.] OFFICERS OF THE BOARD. 115

OFFICERS OF THE BOARD.

D eath or D ea th or E lection. Presidents* 'Resignation. Election. Resignation. 1810 JOHN' TREADWELL, LL. D. 1823 1875 Prof. EGBERT C. SMYTH. 1823 JOSEPH LYMAN, D. D. 1826 1875 RICHARD H. STEARNS, Esq. 1826 JOHN COTTON SMITII, LL. D. 1841 Corresponding Secretaries. 1841 THEO. FRELINGHUYSEN, LL. D. 1857 1810 SAMUEL WORCESTER, D. D. 1821 1857 MARK HOPKINS, D. D., LL. D. 1821 JEREMIAH EVARTS, Esq. 1831 Vice Presidents. 1831 ELIAS CORNELIUS, D. D. 1832 1810 SAMUEL SPRING, D. D. 1819 1832 BENJAMIN B. WISNER, D. D. 1835 1819 JOSEPH LYMAN, D. D. 1823 1832 RUFUS ANDERSON, D. D. 1866 1823 JOHN' COTTON' SMITH, LL. D. 1826 1832 Rev. DAVID GREENE, 1848 1826 STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER, 1835 WILLIAM J. ARMSTRONG, D. D. 1847 LL. D. 1839 1847 Rev. SELAII B. TREAT. 1839 THEO. FRELINGHUYSEN, LL. D. 1841 1848 SWAN L. POMROY, D. D. 1859 1841 THOMAS S. WILLIAMS, LL. D. 1857 1852 GEORGE W. WOOD, D. D. 1871 1857 WILLIAM JESSUP, LL. D. 1864 1865 N. G. CLARK, D.D. 1864 WILLIAM E. DODGE, Esq. Assistant Corresponding; Secre­ Prudential Committee. ta rie s. 810 W ILLIAM BARTLET, Esq. 1814 1824 Rev. RUFUS ANDERSON, 1832 1810 SAMUEL SPRING, D. D. 1319 1828 Rev. DAVID GREENE. 1832 1810 SAMUEL WORCESTER, I). D. 1821 1812 JEREMIAH EYARTS, Esq. 1830 Recording Secretaries. 1815 JEDIDIAH MORSE, D. D. 1821 1810 CALVIN CHAPIN, D. D. 1843 1818 Hon. WILLIAM REED, 1834 1843 Rev. SELAH B. TREAT, 1847 1819 LEONARD WOODS, D. D. 1834 1847 SAMUEL M. WORCESTER, D. D. 1866 1821 SAMUEL HUBBARD, LL. D. 1843 1866 Rev. JOHN O. MEANS. 1821 WARREN FAY, D. D. 1839 182S BENJAMIN B. W1SNER, D. D. 1835 Assistant Recording: Secretaries. 1831 ELIAS CORNELIUS, D. D. 1832 1836 CHARLES STODDARD, Esq. 1839 1832 Hon. SAMUEL T. ARMSTRONG, 1850 1839 BELA B. EDWARDS, D. D. 1842 1832 CHARLES STODDARD, Esq. 1873 1842 Rev. DANIEL CROSBY, 1843 1834 JOHN TAPPAN, Esq. 1864 Treasurers* 1835 DANIEL NOYES, Esq. 1845 1810 SAMUEL H. WALLEY, Esq. 1811 1837 NEHEMIA1I ADAMS, D. D. 1869 1811 JEREMIAH EVARTS, Esq. 1822 1839 SILAS AIKEN, D. D. 1849 1822 HENRY HILL, E.«q. 1854 1843 WILLIAM W. STONE, Esq. 1850 1854 JAMES M. GORDON, Esq. 1865 1845 Hon. WILLIAM J. HUBBARD, 1859 1865 LANGDON S. WARD, Esq. 1849 AUGUSTUS 0. THOMPSON, D. D. 1850 Hon. WILLIAM T. EUSTIS, 1868 A u d it o r s . 1850 Hon. JOHN AIKEN, 1865 1810 JOSHUA GOODALE, Esq. 1812 1851 Hon. DANIEL SAFFORD, 1856 1812 SAMUEL II. WALLEY, Esq. 1813 1854 HENRY HILL, Esq. 1865 1813 CHARLES WALLEY, Esq. 1814 1856 ISAAC FERRIS, D. D. 1857 1814 CHESTER ADAMS, Esq. 1817 1856 ASA D. SMITH, D. D. 1863 1817 ASHUR ADAMS, Esq. 1822 1856 W ALTER S. GRIFFITH, Esq. 1870 1822 CHESTER ADAMS, Esq. 1827 1857 Hon. ALPHEUS HARDY. 1827 WILLIAM ROPES, Esq. 1829 1859 Hon. LINUS CHILD, 1870 1829 JOHN TAPPAN. Esq. 1834 1860 WILLIAM S. SOUTHWORTH, Esq. 1865 1829 CHARLES STODDARD, Esq. 1832 1863 Rev. ALBERT BARNES, 1870 1832 Hon. WILLIAM J. HUBBARD, 1842 1863 ROBERT R. BOOTH, D. D. 1870 1834 DANIEL NOYES, Esq. 1835 1865 ABNER KINGMAN, Esq. 1835 CHARLES SCUDDER, Esq. 1847 1865 ANDREW L. STONE, D. D. 1866 1842 MOSES L. HALE, Esq. 1868 1865 JAMES M. GORDON, Esq. 1847 Hon. SAMUEL H. WALLEY, 1867 1866 RUFUS ANDERSON, D. D. 1875 1867 JOSEPH S. ROPES, Esq. 1870 1868 EZRA FARNSWORTH, Esq. 1868 Hou. THOMAS H. RUSSELL, 1869 EDMUND K ALDEN, D. D. 1870 Hon. AVERY PLUMER, 1870 J. RUSSELL BRADFORD, Esq. 1874 R. H. STEARNS, Esq. 3875 1870 JOSErH S. ROPES, Esq. 1875 ELBRIDGE TORREY, Esq. 116 HONORARY MEMBERS OF THE BOARD. [Report,

HONORARY MEMBERS.

1870-1875.1

MAINE. ! Palmer, Gershom H. 1 Gage, Mrs. Hannah C. | Palmer, Mrs. Sarah E. Gage, Mrs. Mary T. Bates, Charles N. j Parker, Annie M. I Gerrish, Enoch Benson, Elizabeth M. [ Pay son, Charles Goodall, Edward B. Bolster, Rev. William | Percy, T. B. Hadley, Janies B. Borden, Annie Ilowland ! Pike, Rev. Ezra B. Haley, Rev. Frank Borden, Bertram Harold [ Rogers, Mrs. Margaret A. ! Hamilton, Mrs. Sarah E. Borden. Carrie Lindlcy Smith, Mrs. N. P. i Hurmon, Ilev. Elijah Borden, Charles Newton | Stephenson, Alexander B. Hazeltou, Edwin Borden, Edward Shirley ; Stover, Lemuel H. I Hazeltou, John Newton Borden, Hattie Minerva i Surrey, Joseph Herring, George M. Borden, Lizzie May Thayer, Rev. Henry 0. , Hill, Ed,muud Borden, Richard Plumer ! Thomas, Mrs. Elias, 2d Hobbs, Mw. Johu 0. Brooks, Edward P. ! Thwiug, J. P. Hobbs, Morris Burleigh, Charles II. Valentine, A. W. Hutchinson, John M. Cameron, Mrs. Emma S. | Warren, Daniel Jenks, George E. Chamberlain, Joshua L. I Webster, George Kimball, Rev. Joseph Chapman, Timothy U. I Wescott, Mrs. R. H. Kimball, Reuben, Jr. Choate, Daniel ’ Weston, Nathan Keut, Lucien Closson, Rev. Josiah T. i Williams, Rev. Moseley H. Kittredge, Helen M. Corey, Eben Woodbury, Mrs. Mary IL Laird, Rev. James Govel, Alphonso S. ! Wright, Rev. A. H. ' Lane, E. M. C. Covel, Richard Borden Lanuian, Rev. Joseph Curtis, Rev. William C. Lockerby, Mrs. P. L. Dana, W oodbury S. NEW HAMPSHIRE. • Lovejov, Rev. George E. Deering, Stephen Low, David P. Dole, Rev. Charles P. Abbot, Clara A. Lyon,Sophia Jane Dougla?s, Harriet K. Abbott, Mrs. Emily Jane Mack, Andrew Dresser, J . W . i Ayers, Augustine II. ; Muck, Daniel K. Dresser, William Adams | Barker. George W. Mack, Isabella G. Ecob, Rev. James II. j Barker, Hiram ; Mclutyre, Abby Elliot, H ew John I Bascom, Mary L. , McLean, Kev. James Fiske, Mr.'. Mary A. I Beers, John U. McLean, Mrs. James Forsyth, Kev. William Bellows, Johu Merrill, Phiueha* Frink, Rev. Benson M. Berry, Mrs. Clara D. Moore, Charles W. Furbusb, Benjamin Black, Rev. James S. Page, George F. Goodenow, Mrs. Eliza Q. Blake, Mrs. lo b e lia M. . Patch, Mary K. Gould, William E. Blake, Rev. S. L. Patch, Osula (j. Griffiu, Charles S. D., Jr. ; Blanchard, Charles P. Patch, Rosaline M. Haines, Ferguson < Boardman, Lucy M. I Perkins, Albert A. Hammond, George W. ! Bradley, John Pierce, Rev. George, Jr. Hammond, William Carter, Mrs. Hattie F. Pitkiu, Rev. Paul U. Harris, Herbert Carter, Rev. N. F. Pottle, Sarah M. Iiart, Rev. William Chadwick, Elizabeth Powers, Henry Harrison Hincks, Rev. Edward Y. ! Cogswell, Mrs. Mary G. Proctor, John C. Hobaon, Joseph Colby, Levi 0. . Putnam, George T. D. Humphrey, Charles Cook, Joseph Rand, Rev W.' II. Hyde, Mrs. Elisabeth L. Crombie, Mrs. Sarah Richards, Mrs. Dexter Johnson, Rev. Albion Crosby, Abel C. Richardson, Rev. Uyrus Jordan, Edward C. Cushing, Clarissa W. Ripley, Barrett Kelly, Kev. George W. Cushing, Robert H. Sanborn, Sarah S. Libby, Arthur Dearborn, Josiah L. Sargent, Rev. F. D. Lyon*, Ellen E. Dunlap,"George II. Scott, Rev. George Ilale Lyons, Mary M. Farley, Noah Sulden, Rev. Edward G. Maxwell, B. Farley, Mrs. Noah Sleeper, S. C. McKeen, Mrs. Elizabeth F. Fisk, Francis A. . Smith, Andrew S. Merrill, Albert J . Fitzpatrick, Sadie Smith, William T. Mitchell, Alfred Foote, Francis Staples, Mary Abbio. Mitchell, T. G. Foss, Rev. George A. ' Street, Mrs. Mary A. Newell, Charles Franklin, Nancy Tenney, Orlando M. Nowell, Cyrus French, Mrs. Lydia Tredick, C. Morris i The names of all Honorary Members constituted such from the beginning up to 1870 may be found in the Annual Report for that year. The full list is omitted here to save expense. 1875.] FROM OCTOBER 1, 1870, TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1875. 11

Trumbull, L. W. j Hinckley, Lyman Alden, Maria Louise Webb, Jlev. Stephen W. 1 Hinckley, Lyman G. Allen, George W. Weeks, George W. i Hinckley, M. Sybil Alien, Zenas Weeks, John P. : Hobart, James Allis, Mary E. W. Wells, llenry i Holbrook, Mrs. Marion G. Ames, Mrs. Mary Frances Weston, B. II. Johnson, Rev. James G. Amsden, Mrs. Ann M. Wilcox, Joseph Keyes, Charles M. Amsden, George M. Wilcox, Mrs. Thomas F. Kimball, Daoiel P. Anderson, F. W. Woolson, Charlotte Augusta Lambert, Mrs. Helen C. j Anderson, Monroe Lane, Charles D. Anderson, William S. Lawrence, M. L. Armstrong, James M. Lawrence, T. P. Arnold, Luther II. VERMONT. Lee, Nathaniol Babb, Mark B. Leramex, William H. Babson, Annie P. Alden, Mary A. Lewis, Minerva E. i Babson, Maria 11. Babbitt, Rev. James H. Locke, Hattie N. ; Bachelier, Ezra D. Bailey, Harry C. Lord, Lucius S. ' Bacon, B, Franklin Baker, Theron P. ! Lull, Sumner T. | Bacon, J. N. Bancroft, Mrs. Fabms i Mason, Minnie E. Bacon, Mrs. Sarah A. W. Barnard, Alice G. ' Masv, Rev. Thomas M. Bail, George W. Barnard, Isaac W. j Mclndoe, L. J. Baker, George W, Benson, Mrs. Emma C. I McMellen, Mrs. Catherine K. Baker, Joseph II. Blair, Arthur W. | Merrifield, Mrs. Clara Balkatn, William H. Boardman, Samuel Merrill, Rev. Charles H. Bancroft, Alonzo Bogue, Rev. H. P. V. Merritt, Thomas M. Barden, Frederick Bradford, Mrs. M* M. Miller, George • Bardwell, Seth Britton, R. G. Morrill, Calvin : Barker, Mrs. Betsey Howes Brown, Elizabeth Tyler Morrill, Mr3. Sophronia L. i Barker, Hiram E. Buck. Mrs. Helen F. Newton, Aretas j Barker, Hiram E., Jr. Burke, Mrs. Eliza Osgood, Charles W. I Barrows, Maggie II. Burton, William B. Paine, Birdsall D. j Barrows, Nattian C. Butterfield, S. Warren Paine, George H. 1 Barnes, Francis G. Cheney, Frederick E. Pease, John Calvin ! Barnes, Kcv. Henry E. Chipman, Gratia A. j Peck,AzroM. I Barry, Charles C. Closson, Harlan P. ; Pcnniman, C. D. Bartlett, Caroline Closson. Henry , Prime, Horace i Bartlett, 0;iiTie T. Collins, Ira. D. R. Proctor. Esther P. | Bartlett, Frank S. Cone, Samuel G. ; Reynolds, Guy H. i Bassett, Henry D. Cook, Mrs Mary C. Rice, Martin P. ! Batchelder, Carlos Coy, Levi D. Robbins, E. R. ! Batchelder William S. Crane, J. Ervin i Safford, Samuel Bate*, Timothy P. Dana, George , Scott, George H. Battelle, Willard Day, Mrs. Martha L. Sears, Walter F. Belcher, B. B. Deming, Mrs. Charlotte L. Shaw, Henry II. Bell, Rev. Samuel Deming, II. II. Small, Frederick L. ! Benuet, Jlrs. Anna Derby, Mrs. Augusta Steele, Mrs. Harriet J Bennet, M. T. Dickenson, Rev. F. W. Stevens, II. A. ! Bigelow, Jonas S. Drake, Isaac itone, Mary Eliza Billings, Charles E. Duncan. Charles II. P. Tenney, Martha J. I Billings, Harriet S. Elliot, Rev. L. II. Terrill, William S. 1 Bird, George N. Ellis, Mrs. Abigail Thompson, Hattie E. Black, Mrs. Elmira Ellis, Mary A. Walker, Charles D. Blake, Mrs. Caroline L. Fairbanks, Rev. E. T. Wallace, B. R. Blake, Mrs. Harriet L. Fairbanks, Elleu Henrietta W ard, Rev. E. J. Blake, Rev. Henry A. Fairbanks, Mary Florence Wheatley, Luther Blake, Lyman H. Farnsworth, Jona. B. Whitcomb, Lyman Blasland, Mrs. Mahala W. Fas?ett, G. S. Whittemore, John Bliss. Zenas W. Fitch, Mary B. P. Wild, Rev. Axel W. Boardman, Rev. M. B. Fletcher, Mrs. Sarah M. Wild, Mrs. Ruth S. Bodfish, Parker N. Frost, Lucy Winchester, Rev. W. W. Booth, S. C. Gilbert, Carlos D. Winslow, William Pago Borden, Andrew Gilson, Mrs. Anna W oolson, Charles A. Borden, Annie H. Goulding, Joseph II. Woolson, William D. Borden, Hattie M. Griswold, Mrs. Caroline E. Wright, James D. Borden, Fannie I. Hall, Mrs. Augusta A. ■Wright, J. M. Bosworth, Mrs. Celinda Hall, Mattie E. Boynton, Rev. F. H. Hall, Rev. Russell T. Boynton, William J, Hard, Zerah Bradford, Mrs. L. B. Hardy, Rev. Vitellus Merrill , MASSACHUSETTS. Bray ton, Mrs. Sarah J. Harlow, Henry Breck, Henry Haven, Franklin A. Abbot, James Alfred Briggs, Mrs. Wheaton. Haven, Mrs. Harriet M. ; Abbott, Mrs. Catharine A. Briggs. William Sumner Haven, J. M. t Abbott, Edward Apthorpe Broad, Rev. Lewis Pay son Hayward, Charles N. ! Abbott, II. Edward Brooks, Mrs. Abigail D. Haywood, Charles 1 Adams, Henry S. Brooks, Rev. C. S. Haywood, George P. j Adams, James S. Brooks, Frederick D. Haywood, George W. ■ Adams, John Sidney Brooks, S. D. Hozen, Carlton D. Aiken, Henry Osgood Brown, Abby B. Hicks, Rev. Lewis W. Alden, Anua Porter Brown, George Hinckley, Mrs. Ann S. j Alden, George I. Brown, Rev. William D. 118 HONORARY MEMBERS OF THE BOARD. [Report,

Buck, Edward Cushman, Mary Floyd I Feltoo, Hiram Bull, Kev. Richard B. Cutler, David j Ferry, Charles Shernmo Burnham, Mrs. C. V. Cutler, Dwight [ Field, Charles II. Burnham, Edmuud A. Cutler, Eben i Field, Mrs. Lorena. W. Burnham, Everett Cutler, Mrs. Mary Susan Field, Ralph A. Burnham, Philetus Cutler, William H. Fiske, Mrs. Carrie W. Burt, Augustine Cutter, George B. Fiske, George R. Burt, J. M. Cutting, Frederick L. Fisher. Elias T. Burt, Lucius Daggett, Handel N. Fisher, Eliza Burrill, Alfred Dalgish, Robert Fisher, Frederick L. Burrill. Mrs. Kliza T. I Dalton, Mrs. Lydia P. Fitts, Mrs. James H. Butler, Benjamin F. ! Dauiun. D. Myron ; Fitsworth, Rev. A. J. Butler, Rev. E. C. Dane, John j Fitz, Rev. Edward S. Butler, Mrs. Mahala B. Dane, Joseph Felt i Flagg, Rev. Rufus C. Butler, William F. Danforth, Mrs. AdalineE. J Fletcher, Mrs. Susan J. Butler, W. Danforth, Gertrude E. ; Fobes, Daniel Butterworth, G. A. Danforth. Vespacian Folsom, Rev. Omar W. Calkins, llev. Lyman D. Daniels, Rev. Charles II. ! Folts, Mrs. Ilarriette E. Callender, John Daniels, Mrs. Jane C. Foote, Edward Carleton, Mrs. Lucy C. ! Darling, Berjumin C. 1 Forbes, Alexander B. Carpenter, Rev. O. C. ! Davis, Mrs. Julia P. ; Foss, George A. Carpenter, Ebeoezer, Jr. 1 Davis, Mrs. Mary B. | Foster, A. A. Carpenter, llaunah F. Davis, Mrs. Mercy S. i Foster, Edith Preston Carpenter, Isabella W. Dawes, Rev. E. | Foster, Emily Carpeoter, Mrs. Zenas B. Day, Sarah A . I Foster, Euock Carruth, Mrs. Frank Dean,AnuaM. Foster, Isaac Carter, George Henry Dean, Lyman W. ; Foster, Israel Carter, E. 0. Dean, Mrs. Lyman W. Foster, .John E. Cary, Charles E. : Dean, William N. T. Foster, Mrs. Louise P. Chaffin, John (’ . DeForrest, Hattie F. Foster, William B. Chamberlain, Moses DeForrest, Rev. [I. P. Foster, Z. P- Chapin, Calviu N. Delano, Obed Foxcroft, Frank Chapin, John B. : Dexter, Mr?. Corrella Frarv, Rev. Lucien II. Chapiu, John B. Dexter, Charles French. Mrs. C. L. Chupin, llev. T raukliu Perry : Dickinson, Ethan D. ! French, Mrs. Jane Ellen Chapman rara.li L. Dilliugham. George ' French, Mrs. Martha J. Chase, Lewson K. Dimuiick, 0- W. Frothiugham, E . G. Jr. Chenery, Benjamin Diogwell, Rev. James Fullerton, Rev. J. E. Childs, .1. Ward Dodge, Mrs. Abby Galloup, David B. Choat, Mrs. Susan E. Dodge, Albert ; Gannett, Mrs. Mary J. Church, Frederick L. Dodge, Rev. Austin Gardner, Sarah M. Clapp, Henrv L. Dowden, Rev. W. H. Gay, l^evi B. Clark, Mrs. J. B. Draper, Irene P Guy lord, Flavel Clark. Mrs. Susan Draper, Warren F. Gaylord, Johu Clarke, Addisou L. Dudley, John Gibson, (¡i-onre 3. Claxton, Nancy J. Dunham, Ilenry Gilbert, Mary S. Clevelnud, Sarah L. Dunoing, Rev. Albert E. Gilman, Gorham D. Cobb, Mh . Albert Dunning, Arthur W. 1 Gilman, John A. Cobb, Henry E. 1 Durfee, B. M. C. Gladwiu, George E. Cobb, Rev. William II. Durfee, Charles Gleason, Rev. John F. Coburn, Nathan P. Durfee, Mrs. Fidelia B. ! Goddard, J. Henry Cochrane. Alexander Dutton, Rev. II. : Goldthwaite, Mary F. Coe, Joseph Dutton, Onnon D. . Goodrich, John B. Coffin, Charles ( Duvall, E. II. Goodwill, S. C. Cogswell, Elisha D. [ Dyer, Ileury , Goodwin, Charles P. Cogswell, John B. 1). Eastman, Rev. S. E. ' Gordon, William R. Colcord, Mrs. John L. Easton, Charlotte 13. 1 Gorton, Osmund Collias, Miuerva Eatou, Edward D. Gray, Fanuie D. Colton, Iioratio ! Eaton, Edward B. Gray, J. Converse Colwell, Rev. John W. Eatou, Mrs. E. W. B. , Gray, William Cooant, Charles E. Eaton, Rev. James D. ' Gray. William Converse, Edward W. Eaton, Mrs. Louisa H. 1 Green, Catharine B. Converse, Mrs. Welcome . Eaton, Samuel 0. Green, Charles A. Cook, Charles II. Eaton, Thomas S. : Greene, W. L. Cook, Mrs. John S. Edwards, Mrs. Mary B. Greenwood. Rev. William Cooledge, Thomas B. Ellis, George W. Gregory, James J. II. Cooley, lit'v. Henry M. Ellison, William P. Griffin, Mrs. Mary S. Cork, Samuel Mills Ely, Elizabeth Brewster Griftiu, I’erley Morse Cowles, Jonathan Emerson, Mrs. Martha II. Griggs, Samuel M. Crane, Cordial Emery, Mrs. Harriet G. I Griuuell, Mrs. Eliza S. Crane, Roman A. Emery, Iliram I Grinnell, George Craven, Jonathan Everett, John D. | Grover, Edward II. Crocker, Mr3. Susan D. Everett, Mary Ethel | Gueruey, Andrew Crowther, Rev. Thomas Fales, Rev. Elisha F. ; Haile, William H. Cummings, Daniel Farweli, Mrs. Harriet G. ; Hale, Rev. Edward Everett Cummings, Mrs. Hannah G. | Farweli, Joseph j Hale, Luke Cummings, Mrs. Joseph H. i Faxon, Henry ; Hale, Mary S. Cunningham, Joseph A. Fay, Peter : Haley, Mrs. George W. Currier, Rev. A. H. i Fearing, Albert | Hall, J. S. Curtis, T. A. Fearing, Mrs. Albert i Hammond, Mrs. J. C. 1875.] FROM OCTOBER 1, 1870, TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1875. 11 9

Harding:, Noah Johnson, Mrs. Eliza Mahr, Thomas F. Hardwick, Franklin Johnson, Mrs. Henry A. Makepeace, Rev. F. B. Hardy, Arthur Sherburne Johnson, Loring Marble, F. M. Hardy, Edward Eldridge Johnson, Mrs. Loring Marsh, Rev. David Dana Harlow, Mrs. Caroline A. Johnson, Mrs. Rosette A. Mathews, Rev. S. Sherberne Harlow, Chester I. Johnson,Wolcott Howe Mathews, Mrs. Anna E. Harlow, Noah It. Jones, Charles H. Mayo, Emma F. Jlarmon, N. W, Jones, Mrs. Clara D. Mayo, Mrs. Fannie E. Harrington, John Jones, Henry S. Martin, George Henry Harris, Lucius M. • Jones, John P. Marston, Elias H. Hart, Dexter D. Jones, Mrs. Nancy McMasters, Thomas A. Hnrt, Rev. William D. Judd, Harvey Melledge, Edgar Cecil Harwood, Myron Judson, Mrs. Harriet Newell Merrill, Ira Haskell, Alexander Keith, A. B. Metcalf, Austin Hathaway, Edward S. Keith, Albert Metcalf, Mary Elizabeth Hayward, William P. J Keiih, Franklin Mighili, Thomas Heald, Mrs. Adeline G. | Keith, Holden W. Moeu, Alice Grant Heald, David ! Kelley, Ezra Moen, Philip Washburn Henry, John Q. ! Kellogg, Patrick H. Moen, Sophie Herrick, Charles j Kelsey, Rev Frank D. Moore, Rev. Edson J. Hervoy, Abbie S. i Kendall, llev. Henry L. Morrill, Charles P. Hildreth, A. E. Kendall, S. M. Morris, Alice A Hill, llev, Calvin G. ) Ketcbam, Rev. Henry Morris, George F. Hill, Mrs. Charles W. | Keyes, Amos Morris, Louise Hill, Mrs. Mary E. i Kibbe, Mrs. Roxalana C- Morris, Mrs. Louise J. Hills, Leonard M. [ Kibbe, Mrs. Sarah A. Morse. Rev. Charles F Hilton, Thomas ■ Kilbon, George B. Morse, Erastus Hinckley, Elizabeth B. ! Kilbon, John L. Morse, Henry P. Hitchcock, A. C j Kilbourn, Rev. James K. Morse, Perley Hitchcock, E. P. 1 Kilburn, Rev. D. W. Morss, Charles W. H itchcock, George A. ' Kilham, Mrs. Elizabeth Morss, Rev. G. H. Hobart, Edmund j Kimball, Edwin C. Muuger, Mrs. T. T. Hobart, Richard Baxter ! Kimball, John F. Munyan, Mrs. Jonathan Holbrook, Abram C. ! Kimball, Mary | Murdock, Francis Holbrook, David Sumner ' Kimball, Mrs. Tamison P. | Nash. Caroline Holbrook, Mrs. E. Everett ; King, Augustus i Nash, Jona W. Holbrook, J:is >n i King, Charlotte L. I Nason, Itev. C. P. H. Holbrook, Sarah J. j King, Samuel Henry ; Needham, Mrs. Martha A. Hollis, Caleb j Kingman, Caro Graves | Neilson. Arthur Hollis, Henry M. j Kingman, Josiah W. ; Nelson, Miss H. 0. Holm, Jacob P. I Kingsbury, Rev. Edward P. ; Newell, Elijah Holman George W. ] Kingsbury, I. F. j Newhall, Henry M. Holmes, Charles J. 1 Kingsley, Charles B. - Newman, Mrs. Mary I. Holmes, Marv A. : Kingsley. Daniel Newton, James Holt, Charles F. i Kitfield, Henry ! Nichols, Algernon P. H olt, Jacob F. ' Knight, Henry 1 Nichols, Samuel H. Holt, J. S. ! Laiuphear, Mrs. H. A. | Noble, Rev. Mason, Jr. Hooker, Sarah II. I Lamson, Mrs. Martha B. | Norris, William 0. Hopkins, Lewis S. j Lane, John H. j Norwood, Mrs. Adeline A. Howard, H. H. ; Lane, Mrs. Otis 1 Noyes. Charles D. W. Howard, Harrington ; Lang, Jlrs. Betsey R. i Noyes, Theodore Howe, Mrs. E lm L. ' Lang, Moses C. i Ober, Andrew K. Iiowe, Walter IT. j Leach, Daniel j Ogden, Charles Howland. Mrs. Xancy A. I Leach, V. W. : Ollerensbaw, Rev. Samuel Howland, llev. William S. i .Learned, Charles H. Ordway, C. II. H ubbard, Fred A. j Leavitt, Horace H. | Orr, John ' H ubbard, Ivelita Lefavour, John Henry Oigood, John C. H ubbard, Mrs. Nancy A. ' Leonard, Anna R. ! Palfray, Charles W. Hudson, Mrs. Lydia R. | Leonard, Manning | Palmer, Alfred Barnes Humphreys, John F. j Leonard, M. Fanny Park, Mrs. Maria Edwarda H unt, Caleb S. Lincoln, Charles J. i Park, William Hunt, James Lincoln, Nancy J. Parker, B. F. Hunt, Josiah II. Littlefield, Mrs. James Parker, Rev. Francis Hurlhut, Thomas P. Littlefield, II. A. Parkhurst. Americus Hutchins, Eunice Livermore, M\ra Parkhurst, Heuajah Hutchinson, Emily A. Lloyd, George W. : Parkhurst, Henry Hyde, Alvan Loomis, Jason B. ; Parkhurst, Mrs. Sarah W. Hyde, Bessie Loring, Mrs. Adaline P. Parlin, Asher Ingalls, Rev. Edmond C. . Loring, William ' Parinenter, Joseph S. Irish, P. E. j Loud, Mrs. Eliza T. : Parsons, Ilenry Lyon Jackson, Caroline Rebecca j Lovejoy, Adelaide L. : Pasco, M. K. Jackson, Mrs. Caroline True i Lovejoy, Mrs. Sally rearson, A. Porter Jackson, Ellen D. j Low, Gilman S. Pearson, Mary Jenison, Joshua j Lowe, Mary Pellet, Sarah Jenkins, William Thompson Lowe, Waldo H. Perkins, Edward Huntington. Jenney, Rev. E. \Vinthrop Lowell, Rev. John N- Perry, Baxter E. Jerome, Theodore 0. Lyman, Jairus J. Perry, Mrs. David Johnson, Andrew Jackson Lyman, Jesse Perry, Rev. H. D. Johnson, Arthur Stoddard Lyman, Mrs. Lucy K. Pew, John J. Johnson, C. B. Lyman, Rev. Payson Williston Phipps, Rev. George 12 0 HONORARY MEMBERS OF THE BOARD [Report,

Pierce, B. F. Sheldon, H. Allen Tucker, Mrs. Almira Pillsbury, George Shepard, Sophia Tucker, John A. Pillsbur.v, Harlan H. Shipley, Joseph L. Tufts, George K. Piper, H. C. Silsby, Ithiel Twitchell, John M. Piper, J. Ellery Skilton, George Tyler, Frank H. Pomeroy, Cyrus Slade, Mrs. Fidelia L. Upton, George A. Pope, George W. ; Slade, John P. Utley, Mrs. Mxrtha F. Pope, Sarah , Slate, Catharine S. Van Wagenen, Mrs. M. M. Porter, J. Edwards Small, Amos T. Varnum, Daniel Potter, George W. Small, Mrs. Elizabeth I). Victor, Frederick M. Potter, John Cheney : Smith. Annie . Vining, A. Elliot Potter, J. Sturgis Smith, Augustus R. Voorhees, Rev. Louis B. Powell, Joseph Andrews Smith, Byron Vose, George Pratt, Rev. Lewellyn . Smith, Mrs. Charlotte G. Wade, George F. Pratt, Norton i Smith, Charles Sprague Walcott, E. II. Pratt, S. Lizzie | Smith, Dwight R. Waldron, Mrs. Mary A. Pratt, Thomas Franklin Smith, J. M.. Wales, B. Read Preckle, Mrs. Kmily A. Smith, Sarah E. Walker, Mrs. Abigail A. Proctor, Clarence E. Smith, Wellington Ward, Arthur J. N. Proctor, Ella L. Smith, Mrs. Wellington Ward, Calvin Proctor, Mrs. Lucy A. Smith, William Anderson Ward, Langdon Lanriston Proctor, Mrs. Mary H. Snell, Sabra C. Ward, Mrs. Laura A. B. Purches, Henry Snow, Frank A. Wardwell, William H. Putnam, Mrs. Susan 3 . Somers, Mrs. Martha M. Warfield, Rev. Frank A. Rawson, J. Ansel Southwick, Benjamin F. Waroer, Levi F. Reed, Rev. Edward A. Spalding, William II. Washburn, Anna R. Reed, Mrs. Edward A. [ery Sparks, Henry II. Washburn, B. Webster Remington, Betbold Montgom- Spauldiog, Mrs. Charlotte A. Washburn, Clara S. Remington, Mary Waterman Spence, Rev. Edwin A. Washburn, Cyrus Remington, Robert K. 2d. Stackpole, Joseph Washburu, Dexter Reynolds, Thomas Stackpole, Stephen A. Washburn, Mrs. E. H. Rice, Alonzo M. Stanwood, Emma B. Washburn, Horatio Rich, Elisha P. Stebbins, Mrs. John M. Washburn, May N. Richards, Henry W. Stevens, Mrs. Benjamin F. Waters, Franklin T. Richards, J . F. Stevens, Edson S. Watson, Roswell S. Richmond, Lysander Steven.«, Frederick J. Weeks, Ellis Ripley, George . Stevens, Jane L. Welch, Ezra B. Ripley, Mr*. Harriet A. ! Stickney, Mrs. Moses W elch, Rev. Francis Robbins, Anna E. ! Stimpson, Elbridge Wellman, Arthur H. Robbins, George Stimpson, Thomas Wellman, Iidward Wyman Robie, Rev. B. A. Stoddard, Henry G. Wentworth, Albert Robinson, Ephraim E. Stoddard, John Lawson Wescott, William S. Robinson, John H. Stoue, Cyrus II. Weston, Thomas, Jr. Rockwell, E. M. Storrs, Charles L. Wetherbee, Mrs. William Rogers, Fit» William Strong, Lawrence Watson Wheeler, Mrs. Eliz* Rogers, Jacob Studloy, Mrs. Laura A. Whitcomb, Austin L. Rogers, William B. Studley, Oliver Mead W hitcomb, F. E. R oot, Jabez B. Swan, Mrs. Lydia A. Whitaker, James L. Root, W. F. Swan, Reuben White, Rev. Charles A. Russell, Charles Sweet. Mrs. Maria L. White, Mrs. Cornelia*K. Russell, Frederick C. Swetland, Mary . White, Joseph Russell, Mrs. William A. Swett, Miriam B. White, Thomas Rust, Edward W. Swift, Rev. Moses H. Whiting, Daniel Sabine, Charles H. Talbot, Thomas Whiting, Mrs. Henry L. Sampson, Thomas Tapley, George Whiting, Lemuel Sanborn, Joseph S. Taylor, Mrs. Caroline Parker Whiting, Lewis Sanderson, E. W. Taylor, Elliot 0. Whitney, Mrs. Caroline A. Sanderson, Rev. John P. Terry, Rev. Calvin Whitney, Francis A. Sanderson, Lizzie W Tew k'bury, Annie M. Whitney, Mrs. Orocy A. Sanford, Martha E. Tewksbury, Rev. George A. Whittier, Hannah E. Sanger, Irene E. Thayer, Stephen 0. Wight, Francis S. Sargent, John P. Thomas, Rev. Reuen Wilbar, Joseph E. Saunders, Esek • Thompson, E. Wilder, Mrs. Mary J. Savage, George S. Thompson, Rev. Janus W. Wilder, Samuel Savage, Mary Thurston, L. S. Williams, Mrs. D. G. Sawyer, Arthur W. Thurston, Rev. Philander Williams, Rev. John H. Scales, Edward P. Tileston, James S. Williams, Philander Schemerhorn, H. J. D. Tilton, Rev. George H. Williamson, Mrs. Clarissa Scott, Rev. Darius B. Timlow, Dana Coleman Wilson, Ilenry W. Seabury, Rev. Joseph B. Tirrell, Mrs. Belinda Wilson, Julia A. Seagrave, Charles E. Tinkham, Otis W inch, George F. Searles, Charles II. Todd, Saxauel Winch, Mrs. Mary C. . Sears, Addle L. Tolman, Kbenezer Wales Winch, Mrs. M. Ella Segur, Rev. S. W. Tomlinson, William Winchester, Edward S. Sellers, Rev. Edward B. Tompkins, Mary C. W ithington, Moses Seymour, Rev. Charles R. Torrey, Bradford W ood, Charles P. Shattuck, Edward H. Torrey, Elizabeth L. Wood. Timothy D. Shattuck, Laura F. Towne, 8olomon Francis Woodbury, Mrs. Henrietta Shearer, Mary E V. Trask, Rev. John L. R. Woodbury, Henry Shedd, Robert G. Trowbridge, George S. Woodbury, Hezeldah 0. 1875.J FROM OCTOBER 1, 1870, TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1875. 121

W oodbury Louise | White, Mrs. Frances M. Carrington, Henry A. Woodford, Joseph H. , Wilkinson, Alfred Hall Case, Jairus Woodman, Samuel ! Winsor, Mrs. Eliza A. i Chamberlain, Rev. Charles W oodsum,Mrs. Dora E. i Woolley, Erving Yale Chandler, Amasa Wortherell ftl. L. ■ Woolley, Rev. J. J. i Obapell, Colby C. Wright, Albert J. i Chapell, Richard H. Wright, E. Payson j Chapin, A. R. Wright, Watson IX. : Co n n e c t i c u t . j Chatfield, Philo Wybert, Henry J Child, Abel 2d, I Abbott, George E. Clark, Rev. Allen ' Alcott, Mr.«. Jane M. Clark, Mrs. Betsey RHODE iSIiAND. : Allen, Mrs. B. R. Clark, James G. ! Alien, E. 0. Clark, John G. Aborn, Louisa L. I Allen, Frederick Coffin, Mrs. II. R. Alexander, Mrs. Adelaide W. [ Allen, J. Samuel, Jr. Coit, Charles Woolsey Barnelield, Thomas P. | Allen, Mrs. Margaret Eddy Collins, Augustus P. Bell, William H. l Allyn, Charles N. Collins, Erastus BicUnell, Mrs. Amelia D. ! Alvord, Rev. Augustus Comstock, Charles F. Bicknell, Emma E. | Andross, William \V. Copp, John J. Booth, Martha M. j Arms, Rev. Josiah Cowles, H. M. Bullen, Rev. George : Ashley, George Cowles, Mrs. Lunian Bullock, William D. | Austin, John H. Cowles, Mary L. Church, Peter Avery, Dwight Cowles, William Clatiio, Arthur W. I Avery, Elizabeth M. Crosby, Elijah Clapp, Maggie Rowland j Badger, Mrs. C. M. Crosby, Ilenrv T. Clark, Edwin R. - Barber, James G. Culverhouse, Mrs. Fannie M- Coggeshall, Mrs. Abby L. j Barnett, Jeremiah Curtis, Rev. 0. B. Coggeshall, Mrs. Betsey B. I Beard. Edward Cutler, Colman W. Coggeshall, Chandler H. | Beckwith, Rev. Edward G. i Danforth, Rev. William B. Collyer Samuel S. Beecher, Katie Davenport, Seymour Conant, Samuel M. 1 Benedict, George Davies, Rev. Thomas Edward Cook, William P. ! Bennett, Charlotte B. Day, Rev. Theodore L. Dudley, William A. ■ Bennett, Edwin DeForest, Rev. J. K.. II. Fisher, Eliza A. Letts, Mrs. Mary E. Dennis, Mrs. Elizabeth M. Fisher, Rev. George W. Betts, William James Dexter, Andrew Fitts, Calvin R. , Bidwcll, George Dexter, Mrs. Andrew French, Austiu J. Bierco, James A. Dickerman, T. Parsons Furse, Mrs. Lydia G- Bigelow, Hobart B. Dillingham, Mrs. C. II. Gladding, Lottie M. Bingham, Mrs- E. B. Dodge, Rev. George S. Gould, iit-v. Edwin S. Bishop, N. L. Douglas, Emma Harris, Rev. George Bishop, S. B. Dunham, George Haskell, Ruth A. Bissell, Charles H. Durfee, Mrs. Evelyn C. Hawkins, Albert P. ; Bissell, Rensselaer Havens Dyer, Rev. Francis House, Uer. William Bissell, Samuel T. Elderkin, Rev. John Juuks, Charles B. Blair, Mary D. Elliot, Mrs. II. A. Kendrick, Joseph II. Blakeman, Carlos D. Emerson, Frank H. Lane, Mrs. Euirnu L. Blodgett, Phineas L. Erwin, Cornelius B. Laurie, Annie* Bodwell, Mrs. Annie L. ■ Evans, Susie L^ouard, C. II. Bodwell, Mrs. J. C. Fenn, Charles X. Littlefield. Lelaud H. Bodwell, Rev. J. C. II. | Ferry, Hon. 0. S. Lyman, Mr> Francis M. Bond, Mrs. Mary P. , Field, Rev. Aaron W. Manchester, Emily F. Boswell, Jane P. . Finch, Dennis P. Mattoson, Andrew B. Boswell, Lillie M. Finch, Gilbert P. Matteson, Waite A. IJouton, Mrs. Harriet A. Fitch, Rev. Frank S. McAuslari, John Bowman, Rev. George A. Fitch, Rev. T. W. Morton, Johnson Bradford, Rev. J. H. I Fitch, Mary Ann II. M uuroe, Abbey D. Bradley, Rev. Charles F. ! Fitch, William Puarse, Albert S. Bray, Charles A. Fitts, J • F. lJeck, Ida E. # Brewster, Salmon Follett, John W. Phillips, Sarah P. Brown, Asher P. : Fowler, Edwin D. Rea, Emma L. ' Brown, C. C. Freeman, Frederick Reese, Charles A. ; Brown, Philip H. i Fuller, Amasa B. Robbins, Mrs. Elizabeth B. R. ! Brown, Mrs. Samuel W. Fuller, Lucius S. Salstein, Charles ; Brown, Mrs. William S. ; Fuller, Mrs. Mary E. B. Shepard, Helen Louise ! Brownell, Stephen C. ; Gardner, Henry C. Shepley, Mary B. | Browning, Alphonso 1 Gates, Darius Skinner, Parmenas, Jr. Buel, Calista C- j Geer, Erastus Smith, .John L. Buell, Ada E. I Geer, Erastus S. Smith, Rebecca ; Butfum, Rev. F. H. | Gibbs, Edward N. Spooner, William II. . Burke, William C. Gibson, Mrs. Sarah H. Talcott, James M. Burnham, Mrs. Catharine C­ : Giddings, William H. Thompson, Alice White i Burritt. Mrs. Mary E. Gidmau, Rev. Richard H. Tompkins, II. B. , Burt, Charles R. Gilbert, II. E. H. Torrey, Moses E. j Burton, Rev. N. J. Gilbert, R. P. Van Horn, Rev. Martin • Burton, Mrs. Rachel C. Gilman, Rev. G. A. P. Viall, Ida 0. Bushnell, Rev. Harvey Gilnack, F. Waldron, Mrs. Mary J. ! Camp, David C. Goddard, William H. Wardwell, Thomas J. ! Campbell, George W. Goldthwaite, Emma M. Watson, John G. Carey, F. W. Goodaln, Charles J. Weeden, Clinton ft. Carpenter, Joshua Goodwin, Alice II. 1 2 2 HONORARY MEMBERS OF THE BOARD. [Report,

Goodwin, Mrs. Anna E | McCall, Hobart Squires, Rev. Norman J. Goodwin, II. A. McClure, Lawrence Stanley, Mrs. Walter H. Granger, Mrs. Lois McLean, Thomas N. Stannard, Ella M. Gray, Mrs. Harriett N. McLean, 0. E. Steele, Charles E. Greeu, E. S. Mead, Silas D. ! Sterling, Edward Greenleaf, Rev. Joseph Merriam, Rev. James F. Stone, Mellen D. Griggs, Rev. L. S. Mills, Roswell Stowe. Miss S. N. L. Griggs, Mrs. Mary D. Mills, Mrs. Sarah Wilcox Strickland, Edwin F. Griggs, Mrs. Mary Jane Moody, George A. Strickland, Thompson Grifllu, Rev. G. H. Moore, Abby Strong. Elizabeth M. Griswold, George G. Moore, Palmer R. Strong, II. II. Griswold, Mrs. George G. | Morgan, George W. : Talcutt, Mrs Harriet. II. Griswold, Henry A. • Morris, Osar E Talco‘ t. Maria Griswold, Henry 0. | Morse, Samuel W. ; Talcott, Martha R. Groves, Mrs. Abby F. ! Moses, Rev. John C. Taicott, Phineas Guernsey, William It | Moshier, Edgnr A. i Talcott, Samuel A. Ilall, Re?. Alexander i Mowry, Susan Louise ; Teller, ltev. Henry W. Hall, Mrs. Elizabeth C. 1 Much, Dwight L. ■ Thayer, Emily A. Ilall, Mrs. Ella 0. : Nettleton, Albert R. Thompson, Arba Hall, Mrs. Laura II. 1 Newcomb, Mrs. Jane E. . T h om son , Charles E. Hand, Charles Noble, Trnrv S. I Thompson, Mrs. Mabel C. Hague, Benjamin ' North, Mrs, Lauretta S. : Thorpe, Slu-ldon 33. Hart, Walter N >rthrop, M. E. j Tourtellot, E. N. Hartshorn, Rev. I. W. ; Olmsteud, Charles N*. 1 Trnlock, Mrs. Amanda B. Haskell, Charles C , Osborn, Nelson S. | Tyler, Her. Jame* B ­ Hawes, Mrs. Eliza M. ' Palmer, Mrs. Fannie P. i Underwood, Rev. Rufus S. Hiekok, Seth I Paik«-, I'phraim ! Upson, Mrs. Ann Elizabeth Hicks, William p.irfee, Frederick J. ! Upson, Mrs. Nancy S. Hinks, Enoch P. Peck, Benedict Yaill, Kev. Henry M. Holmes, Israel, 2d Peck, .lonarhan M. Walcott. R “v. Dana Mills Holt, Charles B. P-rkins, Mrs. Anna II. Wales, Rev. Henry A. Hotchkiss, Emma L- Perkins. Asa Warner, Mrs. Gaius F. Hoyt, Amelia Huntington : Perkins. Mrs. Mary Waters, Rev, George F. Hoyt, Mary Cowles Perry, Carrie Sanborn Weld, Alfred W. H ull, Carrie F. j Phillips, G. W. Welles, John S. Humphrey, George 5. I Pillsburv, E. R. j Wells, Samuel H. llungerl'ord, A. M. j Pine, Charles II. j Wheeler, Edgar H. Huntington, Andrew B. Pitkin, William F. j Whitcomb, Rev. Cyrus B. Huntington, Eliza Matilda. . Potter, Henry S. I Wiard, Albert L. Ilusied, James Potter, William R. j Wilcox, Hiram S. Ilusted, Mrs. Silas i Preston, Mrs. Betsey T. I Williams, Harvey Hinted, Svlvest r D. , Qnintard, Margaret | Williams, Lewis Hutchinson, Mary K. ! Relyea, Rev. B. J. ! Williams, ltoderic Hutchison, William, .Jr. Kice, James W Williams, William P. Ilurd, Rev. A. A. | Roberts, A. C. Williams, Mrs. William P. Ilurd, Il*v. A. C. ; Roberts, Samuel ! Willis, II. II. Hyde, Mr.*. Ellen M. i Robinson, Charles A. ! Winslow, Mrs. M. F. Hyde, Mrs. Harriet S. ! Rogers, Caleb B. | Wood, Edward A. Hyde, Joseph I. ; Roas. William ' Woodard, Marcus Ide, Monroe W. ; Rowe, Lucius W oodhull, Rev. John A. Ires, Rev. Joel S. ; Russell, E. A. i Woodruff, Jane Case 3 ves, Lucius Sargent, Mrs. Lois F. ( Wyckoff, Rev. .1. L. R. Jencks, Dewitt C. Saw telle, Mrs. E. W. i Yeomaus, Mrs. Seba Johnson, Horace j Sawtelle, Fred. G. : Zabriskie, Rev. F. N. Jones, Mrs. Jane Scofield, Nelson Kenney, Edward . Scott, Ellen C. Kimberly, Eli, Jr. ! Scott, Mary Ann ; NEW YORK. King, Henry 1 Scott, Muses Kingsbury, Mrs. Mary II. Scranton, Julia Washburn | Bailey, Mrs. Augusta C. Kite, J . II. Seward, S. II. ' Bake, Ilev. Ilenry P. Kittredge, Robert Jo.-iah ' Shares, Horace P. Bancroft, Mrs. W. G. Knapp, Isaac Shaw, Julia Barnes, Annie Robinson Knight, Henry M. Shelton, Charles W. Barnes, Emily Thorp K night, Mattie Shiptou. Samuel M. Barnes, Richard Storrs Lamed, Ellen D. Sibley, Rufus Barnes, William DcLuce Lawrence, Marcellus Smith, Asher P. Beals, Ttiomas S. Lewis, Rachel ■ Smith, Benajah E. Belden, Reuben C. Lincoln, Jared W. ; Smith, E. A. Bellows, Jennie S. Lines, Jeremiah ! Smith, Ell» S. Dement, Egbert Little, Charles L. Smith, James P. Betts, Samuel Rossiter Little, Frank Allen Smith, Mrs. Lucinda H. Bibbins, William B. Lloyd, Samuel Snow, E. L. Bowen, Marcellus Lockwood, Mrs. C. F. ■ Southworth, Rev. Aldon ; Braynard, Sarah E. Lyman, Rev. A. .J. Spalding, J. A. , Brick, Arthur W. Maltby, Douglas F. ; Spaulding. Rev. L. T. ! Bristol, Albert G. Marsh, Daniel E. Speluian,J. W. Buell, Eben N. Marshall, Rev. II. G. Spoucer, George M. Buell, Harriet L. Martin, William , Spencer, William C. Buell, Jessie I. Mattoon, Dayton i Sperry, Lucian W. Burt, llev. C. W. Maxwell, Eliza Kellogg I Squires, Mrs. Mary M. Butler, J. 1875.1 FROM OCTOBER 1, 1870, TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1875. 1 2 3

Campbell, Rev. Alvan D. Morgan, Henry Homer Hayes, Howard W. Carson, David I. Morgan, Mrs. Homer Hollister, Rev. Martin F. Cary, Albert Morgan, Homer Bartlett Holmes, Ellen Warren Chambers, Rev. James Morgan, Mary Almena Holmes, Mrs. Mary Goodale Champlin, Edward L. . Mot ion, Charles M. Holmes, Samuel .1. Clancey, J. Evarts Mynr, John E. Pierson, Ann Clark, Brackett II. Myer, Mrs. Mary A. Pierson, Anne Clark, Mrs. Mary L. Myers, Jacob Rowe, Lota P. Cleveland, Charles W. Mygatt, Mrs. Ely Sweetser, Howard Peek Cleveland. Mrs. Maria Isabel Newton, Clifford Tomlinson, Frances K. Cleveland, Mary Newton, Edward Paysou. Underwood, Charles F. Cleveland, Newcomb Newton, Helen L. Underwood, Mr*. E S. Cobb, Bennett Newton, l.ois B. Underwood, Rev. IE. R. Comstock, May C. Newtou, Mrs. Lucy A. Weeks, Robert D. Conover, Arthur Newton, Maria Louise Wilkinson, Maurice Conover, Stephen, Jr. Noyes, Joseph P. Couver-e, Mrs. E. H. Parsons, Charles A. Crane, Mary Fisher Parsons, Edwatd S. PENNSYLVANIA. dim m ing«, William B. Pardons, Frank H. Curtiss, Homer Patchin, Rev. Johu Bliss, Edgar Sumner Cushman. Margaret Jackson Feet, Isaac Lewis Borland, J. II. Davis, T. Frank Peet, Mrs. Louisa Pratt Bowman, Rev. J. A. Davis, Mrs. I. Frank Phelps, Mrs Phebe Bratiin, Clark D. Davenport. James I'ierpont Richardson, Mrs. Harriet L. Cory, Rev. I. N. Demnnd, Mrs. Maria C. Richardson, John H. Danley, Rev. W. Stark Duncan, Charles C. Richmond, Fannie Diem, Johu Duncau, J. D. Evarts Rhinehart, Rev. J. K. Dripps, Rev. J. F. Dunning, Clarence Seymour Rbinchart, Mrs. Mary j Galluher, R ev .«). M. Dwight, John Robinson, Rev. Albert Barnes Gilbert, Rev. Henry B. Edgerton, Franklin Root, George Hathaway, John Edwards, John Ruliffsou. Mr*. Ellen W. Jones, Rev. R. S. Ely, Mrs. Mary S. Rund«‘ll, L .1. Jones, R_‘ v. T. R. . Emmons, Charles Ruudell, Mr-. V, B. Lewis, Rev. E. R. Ferrier, William W. Sedgwick, Samuel Lvons, John Plumer Fritcher, Almira Seymour, Mrs. Mary L. Miller, Rev. A. B. Gardner, Charles Townsend ; Seymour, Mary Morris, Rev. J. R. Gurnee, Mrs. B. B. i Shepard, Mrs. Joanna M. Norris, John C. Hall, Rev. Charles L. | Shepard, Mrs. Mary L. V. Oglevee, Jesse Hall, Charles S. I Sheppard, Charles C. 2d Park, Dellie Hamilton. Rev. Gavin L. : Shipherd, Rev. Jacob R. Peck, Rev. George B. Harvey, Charles R. i Shirley, Arthur Perkius, G. B. Harvard, Mrs. Charlotte J. I Smith, Mrs. Eliza Saver. Mrs. B. C- HarwuoU. Allen P. ; Smith, Haunah E. Sehenck, Rev. A. V. C. Ilavely, Mrs. Sarah R. j Smith, lleury L. Squier, Rev. E. K. Hawley, Mary T. Stewart, Rev. «Jeremiah D. Stevens, A. II. Ilills, Samuel A. Stoddard, Samuel Johnson Stewart, Rev. S. T. Hobart, Mrs. L. Smith Talbert, Benjamin G. Swain, Rev. A. J. Holuies, Mrs. Mary B. Taylor, Rev. William M. Whelen, Henry Holt, Elijah A. Tracy, W. C. Howard, Mrs. Anna P I Twing, Rev. A. T. Hungerford, Helen C. Tyler, J. B. MARYLAND. Hungerford, Orville E. Walker, Rev. A. S. Hungerford, Mrs. R. E. Walker, Rev. George W. Duvall, John Frederick Hungerford, R. S. Wells, Aldcn Markell, Amelia S. Hunt, Mrs. Mary M. B. White, George H. Morkoll, Catherine M. Ilydn, Chauncey T. Wildman, Alice E. Markell, Thomas M. Jaues, Miss M. P. Wildman, Ella D. Sanderson, William R. Jones, Arthur W. Wilkinson, Arthur Schultz, George Ketchum, Edgar Williams, Cornelia P. Kinney, Helen J. Wing, Mrs. Harriet N. Ladd, Rev. llenrv M. Youngs, Rev. Christopher DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Lamson, Mrs. Sarah Laurie, Rev. William Eaton, Daniel L. Lester, Horace N. NEW JERSEY. (ìilfeilen. James Lockwood, Mrs. Le Grand, Jr. Johnson, Jerome F. Lord, Mary A. A lams, Sarah R. Noble, Rev. Charles Lovejoy-, Reuben Beadle, Charles H. Rockwell, H. E. Lynde, M. T. Beadle, Emma A. Malloeh, John Beadle, Emma Amelia VIRGINIA. Malloeh, Margaret Boweu, Mrs. Mary A. Marples, Samuel S. Boynton, Rev. Geo. M. Bolling, Philip A. Marsh, D. II. Campfleld, Elizabeth W. Dodd, Mary Frances Mason, Mrs. Abbie J. NORTH CAROLINA. McCall, Henry S. Graves, Alice C. Graves, Cornelia I. McQueen, Helen Bull, Rev. Edward Mernuiau, Cory don II. Graves, Henrietta A. Millham, Rev. William H. Graves, Mary I. Mills, Frederick Steele Graves, Minnie R. FLORIDA Morehouse, Samuel Graves, Walter Morgan, A. C. Halsey, Eliza M. Lyons, Lincoln 124 HONORARY MEMBERS OE THE BOARD. [Report,

TENNESSEE. W ebb, Mrs. John Smith, Charles Stoddard Webster, Edward F. Smith, Rev. Moses Rhea, Foster Audley Wells, George Sturges, Seth A. Whitaker, Mrs. Mary Sykes, James William Williams, Mrs. Eliza Talcott, William A. KENTUCKY. Williams, Rev. J. P. Tompkins, Rev. James Wright, Darwin E. Townley, William Me.Cullagh, Rev. John Wallace, Rev. Stryker A. Winslow, Charles E. OHIO. INDIANA. Wyckoff, Rev. James D.

Adams, Rev. Eli P. Fairbanks, Rev. J. B. Andrews, Mrs. John Holland, William J. MICHIGAN. Baldwin. Betsey Kent, Rev. Evarts Bartlett, Mary J. Ketcham, Rev. Henry Allen, Rev. Abram B. Billings, Georg* W. Little, Lewis G. Allen, Rev. Simeon Olmsted Biondell, Miss A. Apthorp, Rev. Rufus Breed, A. D. Blackader, John Bronson. Mrs. Martha J. ILLINOIS. Clark, Mrs. E. Miner Cadwallader, Rev. John ! Conkling, Rev B. D. Chapin, Itev. Roswell Andrews, Rev. E. N. Crossman, Caroline Chickering, Mrs J. B. Baiuum, Rev. G. W. Daniels, Rev. Joseph L. Collios, Rev. Charles Terry Bingham, Mrs. Minerva C. Danslow, Herbert M- Comstock, Mrs. Rodney Blatchford, Frances May Drury, Samuel F. Cowderj", M. F. ! Boufell, Caroline Estabrook, Rev. Joseph Cowles, Rev. J. G- W. ! Boutelle, Henry S. ! Hammond, Sereno P. Darling, Rev. George Boutelle, L. H. i Hewitt, Rev. J. II. Davies. Rev. David | Bradley, Luther D. i Hill, Theron R. Dent, Rev. M. [ Byingcon, Mrs. Susan ! Houghton, William A. De Golyer, George II. : Cupen, James Seymour ! Hoyt. Mrs. William C. Ellis, Rev. John M. ! Claflin, William Kent, Charles A. Kmersot^ Lowe Clarke, Mary Emily i Kitchel, Sirs. H. D. Fairfield, Ilt-v. Edmund B. Clarke, William E. I Lundon, Rev. George M. Fav, Josiah C. Colmau, Rev. G. A. j Lane, Mrs. George M. Francis, Abner Curtis, Rev. Walter W. I McKay, Rev. J. A. Fuller, Joel Ilaven Curtis, Ilcv. W. W. ■ Miller, Miles B. Gale, Rev. Edmund Dickenson. Rev. C. E. ; Parsons, Edward L- Gates. Mrs. B. S. Douglass, Rev. F. J. [ Patten, Rev. James L. Glenn, Milton Drake, Rev. Audrew J. ( Peabody, Sherwood Raymond Griffiths, Rev. G. Fairbanks, James C. ( Randolph, M. Grimes, Fred. W. Fuller, Samuel W. R ivmond, Mrs. Ruth Flail, Rev. Alexander D. , Gate*, Caleb F. j Sandford, Thomas ^ Haines, Mrs. Frances E. Gates, Mary C. 1 Scott, J. Austin * H#inlin, Mrs. M. R- Gates, Mary Eliza ! ¡reely, Joseph O. Hart, Mrs. C. 0. Gates, William D. ShartH, Ilov. D. W. Hayward, George E Grant, Charles Eugene Tln.mpson, Ilev. 0 . C. Hills, Rev. Aaron M. Grant, Louis Moen j Tuttle, Mrs. Nain*y H itchcock, Willie F. Greene, Samuel ; Warren, Rev. Leroy How, W. Storer Gurney, T. T. j Waters, Rev. Otis B. Jenkins, Rev. Thomas Hayward. Mrs. J- S. i Wilkins, Alvio Jones, Rev. David Hildreth, Edward j Williams, Rev. V.’ . B. Jones, Rev. D. Sebastian ; Hill, Harlow B. ! Wright, Mrs. Frances Jones, R«v. John E. Humphrey. HoraceB. Kingsbury, F. LI. Hunter, George F. Marley. Mrs I. E. B. Johnson, Mrs. Mary T. i MINNESOTA. Mead, Martin. L. Joy, John I*. I Moofret, H. A. Joy, Lyman F. Í Alden, Rev. Edwin II. Monteith, George Kendig, J. A. J. Armstrong. Rev. lt. S. Ozanne, Charles Eugene Kenney, Charles Barteau, Sidney 11. Peck, Mrs. Esther M- Lav, Hiram T, Brown, Rev. Edward Rice, L. L. Lull. Walter Cadwallador, Rev. J. Sellow, Osman Lyman, Z P. Campbell, Rev. Thomas Seymore, Rev. Joel M. Mason, J . A. Dada, Ilev. William B. Shaw, Mrs. Lucy A. i MisArtliur, Kt-v. N. G. Dean, Mrs. Ann J. Shaffer, Mrs. William ! M'u ri'. Thomas G. Dean, Erasmus M. Shipherd, Mrs. Esther R. 1 Myer*', Rev. C. j Gibson, James Shipherd, Rev. Fayette Ort »n. Mm . Sophia F. j Hood, Rev. George A. Smith, Mm . Catharine i Packard, Rev. E. N. . I Morse, Rev. Alfred Smith, George S. Patterson, Chat le? S. i Norton, Willie H. Smith, Rev. Judson Patter-on, Lawreston Phillips, Geo. M. Smith, i*:ile*- C. Prince, Edward Russell, Calvin Snodgrass, Silas L. ltogors, J. T. Simpson, Sophia Sumner, William Sawyer, Mrs. Cordelia Smith, E. P. Thomas, Rev. Thomas Shannon, Ilev. 0 . J. Smith, Rev. Oscar M. Van Akin, C. W. Shedd, Charles M. Stearns, Isaac C. Vetter, Rev. John Shedd, Lyman R. I Stevens, William H. Wadsworth, Horace Shedd. Mary E. 1 Strong, Arthur W. D. Wakefield, George W. Shedd, Milton A. I Strong, Edward William Walton, Elizabeth A. Shedd, Sarah E. I Strong, William B. Walton, Henry E. Smith, liev. Arthur Henderson ! Tenney, Rov. Henry 51. 1875.] FROM OCTOBER 1, 1870, TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1875. 125

Todd, Rev. James D. Hamilton, James W. Hubbard, Henry Towle, Rev. James A. Hyde, Charles E. Morey, Thomas S. Porter, Edwards W. IOWA NEBRASKA. Cable, Mrs. Sarah B. GREAT BRITAIN. Barrows, Rev. Simon Court, Itev. Robert Bell, Rev. Thomas Douglass, Rev. Truman 0. Galloway, John Drake, Geo. W. Dean, Rev. S. C. Robb, Rev. David Ewell, Rev. John L. Farwel , Rev. Asa Wilkes, George Knowles, Rev. David Fawkes, Rev. Francis Fisher, Charles Riggs, Rev. A. L. Frost, Rev. D. D. TURKEY. Fuller, Thomas UTAH. Guernsey, Charles W. I Barnum, Mrs. II. N. Hillyer, Mrs. Charlotte Buyliss, Rev. Edward E. Barrows, Rev. John 0. Kaiser, Augustus Bell, Rev. N.II. Kellogg, Rev. Hiram H., Jr. Cole, Rev. Royal M. WASHINGTON. Leonard, David Grosvenor, Prof. E. A. Lewis, Mrs. Minnie B. Leonard, Mrs. Amelia A. Eels, Abbie A. Magoun, Mrs. Elizabeth Earle Livingston, Mrs. Martha E. Eels, Edwin F. Magoun, Mrs. Lizzie E. Perry, Rev. Henry T. [mings Mills, Iiarlow S. Eels, Mrs. M. F. Stearns, Rev, Charles Cum- Eels, Mrs. Sarah M . Robbins, Rev. Horace H. Rutherford,.las. S. Sherman, William PERSIA. INDIAN. Snowden, Rev. .T. E. Stuart, Rev. Robert j Labaree, Susan Edwards Porter, Rev. Jeremiah Swift, Charles j Stocking, Rev. William Welles, Rev. Clayton Woodworth, Mrs. W. W. ARIZONA. [ INDIA. WISCONSIN. Hajden, Charles Trumbull | Noyes, Rev. Joseph T. Camp, Ilev. Charles W. | "Winsor, Rev. Richard Dickinson, Mrs. Henry C. ; Winsor, Mrs. Mary C. OREGON. Frauk, Augustus S. Higley, Rev. II. P. Holbrook, Willard Amory CHINA. Ladd, Rev. George T. Walker, Mrs. Mary R. Doutrick, John A. Longley, Thomas Lawrence Ilayes, Augustus A ., Jr. Matthews, Rev. C. W. ' | Pierson, Rev. Isaac Peak, M. Dewitt CALIFORNIA. j Porter, Rev. Henry I). Richardson, Rev. W. T. I Porter, Mary H. Riggs, Rev. S. R. Brewer, Henry W. | Sprague, Rev. ‘William P. Tauk, Madame C. L. A. Doutriek, John A. ' Webb, Mrs. Frank Weed, Mrs. Sarah K. Holmes, Samuel J. Jerome, Mr.*. Annie E. Jordan, William H. JAPAN. MISSOURI. Kittredge, Rose Frances Learned, James II. Davis, Rev. J. D. Currier, Warren Macondray. Mrs. Lavinia S. Taleott, Eliza Richards, Seth Walker, Rev J.E. Shafter, Mr:?. Susan G. f»rwood, Charles E. Webb, Mrs. Frank it, True W. ! SANDWICH ISLANDS.

I&XS.u, Kev. William P. CANADA. I Frear, Rev. Walter ! Thompson, Rev. Frank - KANSAS. Brooks, Rev. Charles H. Duff, Rev. Archibald Beckwith, Rev. G. A. Greene, Edward Kirk, Jr. MICRONESIA. Blakesley, Rev. Linus Greene, Eleuor 0 . Colling*, Mrs. Lizzie A. Greene, Flora M- Whitney, Rev. Joel F. Diament, Mary I. Greene. Jennie CONTENTS.

PAGE PAGE Annual Meeting...... iii Financial Review...... 5 Corporate Members present...... iii Receipts and Expenditures...... 6 Honorary Members present...... IV Case of Rev. G. B. N utting...... ix The Missions. Paper on the Financial Problem con* Zulu Mission...... 0 nected with the New W ork ...... xi European Turkey Mission...... 10 Paper on the Organization of the Western Turkey Mission...... 14 Board— Mr. Treat...... XV Central Turkey Mission...... 24 Letter from Dr. Anderson...... XX Eastern Turkey Mission...... 29 Ten Years’ Review — Dr. Clark...... xxm Mahratta Mission...... 34 Committees appointed...... xxxii Madura Mission ...... 40 Action on Dr. Clark's Paper...... xxxiv Ceylon Mission...... ^ ...... 44 Reports of Committees — Home Depart­ Foochow Mission...... 49 ment...... XXXV North China Mission...... 51 The Financial Problem ...... xxxvi Japan Mission...... 56 Treasurer’s Accounts...... xxxvii Micronesia Mission...... 61 The Missions...... xxxvii Choctaw Mission...... 67 North American Indians...... slii Dakota Mission...... 68 Place and Preacher for next Meeting.. xliv Western Mexico...... 72 Resignation — New Members...... xliv Northern Mexico...... 75 Committee on Mr. Treat’s Paper...... Xliv Spain...... 77 Officers— Letters of Excuse...... xlv Austrian Empire...... 80 Movement to Pay the Debt...... xlvi Committee on New Members — Thanks xlvi General Summary ...... 87 Farewell Address...... : ...... xlvii Pecuniary Accounts ...... 88 Remarks — Simultaneous Meetings.... xlvii S um m ary o f Donations...... 92 Summary of Donations for Nominally ÛEPORT OP PRUDENTIAL COMMITTEE. Christian Lands...... 96 Home Department. Receipts from the first ...... m Necrology...... 1 Preachers and Places o f M eeting ...... «V Missionary Reinforcements...... 1 Missionaries of the Board ...... 98 Missionary Rooms...... 2 Corporate Members...... 106 Agencies...... 3 Corporate Members Deceased or Resigned.. in Woman's Boards...... Officers...... 115 Aid from Publishing Societies...... Honorary Members...... iw