September 1982] HERPETOLOGICA 361

WERLER, J. E., AND F. A. SHANON. 1961. Two Abronia aurita (1) GUATEMALA:Baja Verapaz: E new (generaAbronia and Xenosaurus)from slope Cerro Quisis, 1829 m, KU 190851. the Los Tuxtlas Range of Veracruz,Mexico. Trans. Abronia chiszari (1-holotype) MEXICO: Vera- Kansas Acad. Sci. 64:123-132. cruz: 2.5 mi E Cuetzalapan, 360 m, UTA R-3195 (that this is the exact provenance is doubtful). Accepted: 3 March 1982 Abronia deppei (7) MEXICO:Guerrero: Omilteme, Associate Editor: Stephen Tilley 2134 m, UTA R-4451, 5553, 5645-46, 5653-54; 1.6 Museum of Natural History and De- km N Puerto del Gallo, 2621 m, UTA R-4151. Abroniafuscolabialis (1) MEXICO:Oaxaca: 5.8 km partment of Systematics and Ecology, W Totontepec, 2103 m, UTA R-9899. The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS Abronia lythrochila (1) MEXICO: Chiapas: 8 km 66045, USA NW San Crist6bal de las Casas, 2385 m, UTA R-3354. Abronia mixteca (11) MEXICO:Oaxaca: Tejocotes, APPENDIX I 2286 m, UTA R-5786,5790, 6126, 6228, 6825, 6827, 6989, 7737, 7825, 10277; 2377 m, KU 106303 In preparingthe description of A. mitchelli, I have (paratype). had the benefit of examining the following speci- Abronia t. taeniata (2) MEXICO: Hidalgo: 3 km W mens housed in the University of Kansas (KU) and Xochicoatlan, KU 54055; Rio Chinameca, 8 km N the University of Texas at Arlington (UTA) collec- Tianguistengo, 1020 m, KU 101144. tions. The collecting localities and elevations (when Abronia t. graminea (5) MEXICO: Veracruz:3 km available) are given. W Acultzingo, KU 26484-87, 26827.

Herpetologica, 38(3), 1982, 361-366 ? 1982 by The Herpetologists' League, Inc.

A NEW OF THE LEPIDOPHYMA (SAURIA: XANTUSIIDAE) FROM MICHOACAN, MEXICO

ROBERT L. BEZY, ROBERT G. WEBB, AND TICUL ALVAREZ

ABSTRACT: A new species of Lepidophyma is described from Michoacan, 250 km northwest of the previously known northern limit of the genus on the Pacific coast of Mexico. The species resembles L. smithii in having low numbers of femoral pores and lateral tubercle rows, but differs in having fewer dorsal and gular scales. Key words: Reptilia; ;Xantusiidae; Lepidophyma; Systematics; Mexico

THREE specimens of a species of Lep- (LACM). The nomenclature used in this idophyma were collected at a locality in paper follows Bezy (1972, 1973, and un- Michoac'anwhich lies 250 km northwest published); the terminology for scalation of the previously known northern limit of is largely that of Savage (1963). Compar- the genus along the Pacific coast of Me- isons were made with topotypic material xico. Comparisons with over 1200 speci- of all nominal taxa (Bezy, 1973; Smith, mens of all nominal taxa of the genus in- 1973), except L. lipetzi (Smith and Alva- dicate that the material from Michoacian rez del Toro, 1977) for which the original represents a previously undescribed description was used in conjunction with species. specimens judged to represent the The specimens are deposited in the species. collections of the Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Lepidophyma tarascae sp. nov. Nacional (ENCB) and of the Natural His- Holotype.-ENCB 9221 (original field tory Museum of Los Angeles County number A.O. 6193) (Fig. 1), an adult male 362 HERPETOLOGICA [Vol. 38, No. 3

CB 9221

FIG. 1.-Dorsal and ventral views of the holotype (ENCB 9221) of Lepidophyma tarascae, new species. obtained near Mexiquillo, Aquila Dis- tubercles on the lateral nuchal area ex- trict, Michoacan, Mexico, by Aurelio tending from the posteroventral tympan- Ocafia, on 10 July 1976. Mexiquillo ic margin to above the gular fold (Fig. 3). (18008'N, 103056'W) is a small town on L. tarascae differs from all other species the coast of Michoacan, ca. 77 km (air) of the genus (except some L. smithii) in WNW of L'azaro Cardenas and the mouth having a distinct lateral nuchal row of of the Rio Balsas. large tubercles; from all except L. smithii Paratypes.-Two, ENCB 9222 (A.O. in having less than 20 lateral tubercle 6194) and LACM 134226 (formerly ENCB rows (16-17 vs. 20-46); and from all 9223, A.O. 6195), same locality, collector except L. smithii and L. occulor in and date as holotype. having less than 20 total femoral pores Diagnosis.-The hypodigm of L. ta- (16-18 vs. 20-44). In addition, L. taras- rascae has 16-18 total (both legs) femoral cae differs from L. smithii and L. occulor pores; 16-17 well-developed lateral rows in having fewer dorsal scales (145-150 vs. of tubercles (axilla to groin) (Fig. 2); 2-3 164-224 and 213-242, respectively) and dorsal interwhorls (separating large tail fewer gulars (41-43 vs. 44-59 and 59-71, whorls); four scales (total both sides) sep- respectively). arating postocular from second postor- Description of holotype.-Measure- bital supralabial; paravertebral rows het- ments (in mm): Snout-vent length, 93; tail erogeneous, each with 16 large paraver- length, 110 (of which 52 is regenerated); tebral tubercles (axilla to groin), usually head length, 22.1; head width 15.1; head separated within-row by 1 intermediate- depth, 11.3; orbit length, 3.9; fourth toe sized tubercle and 0-1 small scales, and length, 12,1. between-rows by 2-3 mid-dorsal scales The nasal and anterior labial regions (Fig. 2); 41-43 gulars (fold to second in- are slightly damaged on both sides of the fralabials); 145-150 mid-dorsal scales (oc- head, the integument partially missing, ciput to rump); and a distinct row of large exposing maxillae and teeth. The de- September 1982] HERPETOLOGICA 363

I-

FIG. 3.-Side of head of holotype (upper, ENCB 9221) of Lepidophyma tarascae, new species, showing lateral nuchal row of large tubercles; and FIG. 2.-Lateral (upper) and paravertebral(lower) of L. smithii (lower, LACM 130027, 1 km NW Puer- tubercle rows of the holotype (ENCB 9221) of Lep- to Marquez, Guerrero, M6xico). idophyma tarascae, new species.

Postoculars followed by two anterior scription of paratype ENCB 9222 is sub- temporals (upper larger), very large me- stituted [in brackets], when a character is dian temporal (slightly larger than pari- not clear on the holotype. Nasals in con- etal), and large posterior temporal (ca. tact posterior to rostral, followed by me- one-fourth size of postparietal); single row dian frontonasal, two prefrontals (no me- of two small scales separating large me- dian prefrontal), and two frontals (medial dian temporal and seventh supralabial; suture of the frontals longer than that of postocular separated from seventh supra- prefrontals); median interparietal (wider labial by anterior lower temporal plus one anteriorly than posteriorly) touching both small scale; pretympanic area with four frontals anteriorly and postparietals pos- (right)/three (left) enlarged scales (ar- teriorly, and separating lateral parietals; ranged in vertical row) followed by five/ position of parietal organ not discernible; six large auriculars. [Seven supralabials] postparietals lacking anomalous sutures. (integument of first [four] lacking), fifth Nostril bordered by nasal, postnasal, and below eye, seventh smaller than sixth. first supralabial; postnasal followed by Large mental followed by four pairs of anterior loreal (ca. same height as post- infralabials, with first three pairs large and nasal, its contact with frontonasal narrow, fourth pair smallest (ca. one-fifth size of especially on right side), and posterior lo- third pair), and first two pairs having broad real (slightly more than twice size of an- common median sutures; gular scales terior loreal); very narrow vertically lin- small, 41 along midline between fold and ear preocular. More or less complete second pair of infralabials; row of 14/15 orbital ring of tiny scales; loreolabial (or large tubercles (_ three times size of ad- frenocular, between lower posterior part jacent scales) extending from postero- of posterior loreal and fifth supralabial) in ventral margin of tympanum to above gu- broad contact with [fourth] supralabial; lar fold. three postoculars, lower largest, triangu- Dorsal and lateral surfaces of body cov- lar; two upper postoculars, both touching ered by small granules or scales of vary- parietals, uppermost touching frontals. ing sizes, with interspersion of numerous 364 HERPETOLOGICA [Vol. 38, No. 3 enlarged, keeled tubercles. Paravertebral complete interwhorl of 16 scales (in seg- rows of tubercles heterogeneous in size, ment 12) subequal to those of the follow- composed of large keeled tubercles ing (second) interwhorl. ( -three times size of adjacent mid-dorsal Color dark brown on all dorsal sur- scales), each usually followed by one faces; small white spots arranged in para- small scale and one intermediate-sized vertebral rows (just below paravertebral keeled tubercle (ca. twice size of dorsal row of tubercles), fading on posterior two- scales); 16 large tubercles in each para- thirds of body; dorsolateral row of very vertebral row between axilla and groin. small, faint spots on neck, fading poste- Vertebral area of uniformly small gran- rior to axilla; lateral nuchal tubercle row ules, three between paravertebral rows, dirty white. Top and sides of head mostly 145 along vertebral line between occiput uniform brown (paler than body); lower and rump. Large tubercles on sides of jaw dark brown with white bars on su- body arranged in vertical rows with six in tures between large scales (mental, in- each row at midbody; 17 vertical rows be- fralabials); ventral surfaces dirty white, tween axilla and groin; two (mostly) or individual scales white with brown pig- three vertical rows of small granules ment concentrated on anterior portion; (midbody) between vertical rows of tu- brown pigment least on gulars, forming bercles; dorsolateral areas of uniformly dark crescent on anterior one-third of small granules, three between paraver- ventral body scales, and covering all but tebral rows and dorsalmost tubercles of posterior keels of ventral caudal scales. lateral vertical rows (at midbody). Variation.-Sex, 6, c, Y (for ENCB Ventral scales flat, mostly smooth, 9221, LACM 134226, ENCB 9222, in that quadrangular, in 10 longitudinal rows at order); snout-vent length (mm), 93, 66, midbody; lateralmost row of ventrals el- 65; tail length/snout-vent length, un- evated, keeled, each ca. two-thirds size known, 1.48, 1.45; total femoral pores, 18, of adjacent ventrals, and not reaching ax- 17, 16; lateral tubercle rows (axilla to illary region; 35 transverse rows of ven- groin), 17, 16, 17; scales betwreen para- tral scales (several intercalary rows) from vertebral rows, 3.0, 3.0, 2.0; total dorsal gular fold to vent, including three rows caudal interwhorls (between first six of preanals; two scales in first and second whorls), 11 (all); total complete ventral rows of preanals, and four scales in last interwhorls (between first six whorls), (posteriormost) row; lateralmost preanals 10, 7, 10; total dorsal caudal annuli of last row ca. one-fourth size of adjacent (whorls + interwhorls), unknown, 127, medial preanals. Scales on surfaces of 123; median prefrontals, 0 (all); scales limbs heterogenous in size, mostly (total both sides) separating postocular keeled; dorsal surface of hindlimbs with from second postorbital supralabial, 4 scattered large keeled tubercles; 8/10 (all); gulars, 41, 43, 43; ventrals (gular to femoral pores; 23/22 fourth toe lamellae, vent), 35, 34, 34; ventrals across mid- 2/3 divided. body, 10 (all); keeled ventrals across mid- Tail encircled with whorls of large tu- body, 2, 6, 6; fourth toe lamellae, 23, 22, bercular keeled scales, separated by two 23; divided fourth toe lamellae, 2, 1, 2; or three interwhorls of smaller keeled dorsal scales (occiput to rump), 145, 150, scales; 12 segments on unregenerated part 145; dorsal scales in row above paraver- of tail; third (posteriormost) interwhorl of tebral tubercles (axilla to groin), 74, 74, each segment largest, ca. two-thirds 77; total (both sides) supralabials (ante- length of whorl; first (anteriormost)inter- rior to second postorbital labial), un- whorl never complete ventrally, consist- known, 14, 12; second infralabial contact, ing of small separated scales in first (prox- 1, 0, 0; gulars contacting first infralabial, imalmost) segment, increasing in size in 0, 1, 1; anomalous postparietal sutures, 0 posterior segments to form a dorsally (all); large paravertebral tubercles sepa- September 1982] HERPETOLOGICA 365 rated within-row by a distance equal to mogeneous intermediate-size, while in L. 2.5 dorsal scales (all); scales in one para- tarascae, they contain 16 large tubercles vertebral row (axilla to groin), (a) total, (' three times dorsal scales), 14-15 in- 45, 46, 42, (b) smaller than 1.5 dorsal termediate-sized tubercles (1.5-2.9 times scales, 15, 15, 11, (c) larger than 1.5 dorsal dorsal scales) and 11-15 small scales (0.5- scales, 30, 31, 31, (d) larger than 2.0 dor- 1.4 times dorsal scales). A similar pattern sal scales, 24, 23, 28, (e) larger than 3.0 exists for the caudal scales of L. tarascae. dorsal scales, 16 (all); width of postero- The large size of the whorls is associated lateral preanal/width of posteromedial with a reduction in number of dorsal in- preanal, 0.41, 0.65, 0.71; height of post- terwhorls, approaching the two that are nasal/height of anterior loreal, 1.02, 0.99, characteristically present in L. gaigeae, 0.94; height of second postorbital supra- L. radula and L. dontomasi. In these lat- labial/height of first postorbital suprala- ter species, the whorls are relatively un- bial, 0.83, 0.69, 0.74; length of frontal/ differentiated from the interwhorls, while length of postparietal, 0.74, 0.86, 0.88; in L. tarascae they differ strikingly in size length of postocular/length of orbit, 0.27, and keel development. 0.43, 0.19; length of nasal/length of pre- The population of L. tarascae occurs frontal, 0.45, 0.69, 0.64; prefrontal, length 250 km northwest of the range of Lepi- along midline/length along lateral bor- dophyma smithii, which extends on the der, 0.49, 0.30, 0.29; interparietal, poste- Pacific versant from Guerrero (Mautz and rior width/anterior width, 0.78, 0.84,0.96. Lopez-Forment, 1978) to El Salvador. Distribution and ecology.-The three Only three specimens of L. tarascae are specimens of L. tarascae were caught in currently available, but these have been museum special traps set in a rocky ra- compared with data from 264 L. smithii. vine in tropical semi-deciduous forest. The degree of divergence in scalation be- Additional occurrences of the species may tween the two taxa is approximately be anticipated along the Pacific flank of equivalent to that between L. tuxtlae and the Sierra de Coalcom'an from the Rio L. pajapanensis, species that are sympat- Balsas to the Rio Coahuayana. ric in the Los Tuxtlas region of Veracruz. Etymology.-The species is named for Differences in scalation between the sev- the Tarascan people whose vast empire eral disjunct populations (including three once extended from the Mesa Central to named races) of L. smithii (Bezy, unpub- the coast of Michoac'an (Stanislawski, lished) are considerably less than be- 1947). tween it and L. tarascae. For example, L. tarascae is approximately as divergent in DISCUSSION dorsal scale number (x = 146.7, n = 3) L. tarascae most closely resembles L. from L. smithii of the northernmost pop- smithii in having fewer femoral pores, ulation in Guerrero (i = 186.6, SE = 1.51, lateral vertical rows of tubercles, and dor- n = 11) as from those to the south on the sal caudal interwhorls than other species Isthmus of Tehuantepec (x = 189.0, SE = in the genus. The lateral tubercles are 2.03, n = 44). These data suggest that it large and well-aligned into a relatively is unlikely that additional material from few vertical rows. The paravertebral tu- the area between the ranges of L. smithii bercles are concomitantly large and tend and L. tarascae will bridge the morpho- to encroach upon the small scales in the logical gap between the two species. row, resulting in short runs of tubercles (particularly in ENCB 9222) that are nearly as juxtaposed as those of L. tuxtlae Acknowledgments.-We thank Sr. Aurelio Ocaiia and Dr. Diaz Pardo for collecting the type series, and L. pajapanensis. In the latter two Dr. Carl Lieb and Mr. Martin Ruggles for field as- species, the rows consist of uninterrupt- sistance, Mr.John De Leon for photographyand Dr. ed juxtaposed tubercles of a relatively ho- John W. Wright for reviewing the manuscript. 366 HERPETOLOGICA [Vol. 38, No. `3

LITERATURE CITED SMITH, H. M., AND M. ALVAREZDEL TORO. 1977. A new troglodytic (Reptilia, Lacertilia, BEZY, R. L. 1972. Karyotypicvariation and evo- Xantusiidae) from Mexico. J. Herpetol. 11:37-40. lution of the lizards in the family Xantusiidae. STANISLAWSKI,D. 1947. Tarascan political geog- Contrib. Sci. 227:1-29. raphy. Amer. Anthropol. 49:46-55. 1973. A new species of the genus Lepi- dophyma (Reptilia: Xantusiidae) from Guatema- Accepted: 22 February 1982 la. Contrib. Sci. 239:1-7. Associate Editor: Stephen Tilley MAUrZ, W. J., AND W. LOPEZ-FORMENT. 1978. RLB: Section of Herpetology, Natural Observations on the activity and diet of the cav- ernicolous lizard (Sauria: History Museum of Los Angeles County, Xantusiidae). Herpetologica 34:311-313. Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA; RGW: De- SAVAGE, J. M. 1963. Studies on the lizard family partment of Biological Sciences, Univer- XantusiidaeIV. The genera. Los Angeles Co. Mus. sity of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX Contrib. Sci. 71:1-38. 79968, USA; TA: Escuela Nacional de SMITH, H. M. 1973. A tentative rearrangementof the lizards of the genus Lepidophyma. J. Her- Ciencias Biolo'gicas, Instituto Polite'cni- petol. 7:109-123. co Nacional, Me'xico17, D.F., Me'xico

Herpetologica, 38(3), 1982, 366-374 ? 1982 by The Herpetologists' League, Inc.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF POISON-DART FROGS (COLOSTETHUS) FROM COLOMBIA

JOHN LYNCH

ABSTRACT: Two dendrobatids, provisionally assigned to Colostethus, are named from the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia near Bogota, Colombia. Both species differ from other Colo- stethus in lacking the vocal slits and in having elongate anal sheaths. One species is cavemic- olous and occurs at elevations above 3000 m (caves within paramos).The other species occurs along mountain streams in areas once supportinghigh altitude cloud forests (elevations ca. 2400- 2800 m). Key words: Amphibia; Salientia; Dendrobatidae; Colostethus; Colombia; High altitude; Troglodytic; Relationships

DENDROBATID frogs of the genus Co- dorsolateral, lateral (= oblique), and/or lostethus are considered the most primi- ventrolateralstripes. These features (most tive members of the poison-dart frog fam- of which are synapomorphies of the fam- ily (Edwards, 1974; Lynch, 1971; Noble, ily or a more inclusive group) are com- 1931). Edwards (1974) recognized 62 bined with the absence of pumiliotox- species distributed through forested (plus in-C class alkaloids [(found in all paramo) environments of the Neotropics Dendrobates + Phyllobates; Myers et al., from Costa Rica and Tobago south to Bo- 1978) = skin toxins auctorum] to "de- livia and to eastern and southeastern fine" Colostethus. Brasil. The frogs included in the genus In 1979, Sr. Vladimir Corredor and Dr. by Edwards have toe discs and pads, ob- Pedro M. Ruiz showed me some peculiar vious scutes atop the digital pads, pre- frogs collected at various mountain sites maxillary/maxillarydentition, and usual- in the vicinity of Bogota by staff and stu- ly drab patterns involving pale dents from the Instituto de Ciencias Na-