NOVAC A global network for volcano gas monitoring
Bo Galle Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg, Sweden Outline
• The Scanning mini-DOAS instrument
• The NOVAC project
• Examples of results
– global SO2 emissions – risk assessment The Scanning Mini-DOAS instrument Scanning mini-DOAS
SO2 [mg/m²]
Angle to Zenith [deg] Scanning mini-DOAS measurement, San Cristobal 23 Nov. 2002
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emission (kgs 2
2 SO wind measurement 0 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30 15:00 15:30 16:00 Time NOVAC instrument, San Cristobal Volcano, Nicaragua NOVAC Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change
Idea: • To establish a network based on Dual-Beam Scanning mini- DOAS instruments on volcanoes. • To use the data for local geophysical research and risk assessment • To improve global gas assessments, validate satellites and study correlation of gas emission in time and space • In addition spectra will be used for atmospheric change research Project Partners
Instrument, Networking and global data exploitation Chalmers University B. Galle Heidelberg University U. Platt Institut Aerospatiale de Belgique (IASB), Belgium M. Van Roozendael Cambridge University, UK C. Oppenheimer IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany T. Hansteen Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA L. Molina University of Maryland, USA S. Carn
Volcano Observatories INGV-CT, Italy M. Burton Etna IPGP, France G. Boudon Reunion INETER, Nicaragua A. Muños San Cristobal, Masaya, Conception OVSICORI, Costa Rica E. Duarte Arenal, Turrialba INGEOMINAS, Colombia G. Garzon Galeras, Nevado del Ruiz, N. de Huila SNET, El Salvador D. Escobar San Miguel, Santa Ana OVG, D.R. Congo M. Kasereka Nyiaragongo UNAM, Mexico H. Delgado Popocatepetl, Colima IGEPN, Ecuador S. Hidalgo Tungurahua, Cotopaxi INSIVUMEH, Guatemala E. Sanchez Fuego, Santiaguito INGV-PA, Italy S. Inguaggiato Vulcano OVDAS, Chile T. Hansteen Villarrica, Llama IMO, Iceland K. Vogfjord Eyjafjallajokul, Hekla Phivolcs, Philippines (EOS, Singapore) Mayon Installations made until July 2011
Volcano Country Installed Date
San Cristobal Nicaragua 3 instruments Nov. 2006
Tungurahua Ecuador 3+1 instruments March 2007
Masaya Nicaragua 2 instruments April 2007
Popocatepetl Mexico 3+1 instruments May 2007
Nyiragongo D. R. Congo 4 instruments June 2007
Piton de Fournaise Reunion Island 3+1 instruments August 2007
Cotopaxi Ecuador 2 instruments Oct 2007 and 2010
Galeras Colombia 3 instruments Nov 2007
Colima Mexico 4 instruments Dec 2007 and Feb 2011
Santa Ana El Salvador 2 instruments April 2008
San Miguel El Salvador 2 instruments April 2008
Fuego Guatemala 2 instruments April 2008
Santiaguito Guatemala 2 instruments April 2008
Turrialba Costa Rica 4 instruments April 2008
Volcano Italy 1 instrument May 2008
Etna Italy 2+2 instruments July 2008
Villarrica Chile 2 instruments March 2009
Nevado de Huila Colombia 2 instruments March 2009
Nevado de Ruiz Colombia 2 instruments Nov 2009
Llama Chile 3 instruments Jan 2009
Ejyafjallajokul Iceland 2 instrument May 2010
Conception Nicaragua 2 instruments Feb 2011
Mayon Philippines 2 instruments April 2011
Hekla Iceland 2 instruments July 2011 64 instruments installed on 24 volcanoes, Harestua
Vulcano Hekla Stromboli Eyjafjallajökul Mount Etna Popocatépetl l Colima Santa Ana Santiaguito San Miguel Mayon Fuego Arenal Telica Turrialba Concepción San Cristóbal Masaya
Nyiragongo Nevado del Ruiz Piton de la Fournaise Nevado del Huila Galeras Cotopaxi Tungurahua Llaima Villarica Total number of scans in the NOVAC database
About 2.2 million scans April 2012 Average SO2 emission from NOVAC volcanoes (preliminary data, work in progress) Eruption of Santa Ana Volcano, El Salvador 1 October 2005
160 5000 Eruption
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Olmos et al, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, 64 (2007), 2489-2506. SO2 gas emission, Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia Future
DORSIVA
Instrument development 2002 – 2005 Future
DORSIVA NOVAC
Instrument development Instrument implementation 2002 – 2005 2005 – 2010 Future
Risk assessment DORSIVA NOVAC Geophysical research Environmental impact
Instrument development Instrument implementation Data exploitation 2002 – 2005 2005 – 2010 2010 - Future
Risk assessment DORSIVA NOVAC Geophysical research Environmental impact
Instrument development Instrument implementation Data exploitation 2002 – 2005 2005 – 2010 2010 -
Networking Research Data exploitation Support existing network Volcanology Volcano risk assessment Maintain archive, GEO Atmospheric chemistry Climate change modelling Supply instruments Environmental impact Satellite validation Provide platform Instrument development Volcanic ash advisory Thank you for your attention!