4968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MAY 19,

PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS. SENATE. Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills and a resolution of the fol~ SATURDAY, .Afay lowing titles were introduced and severally referred as follows: 19, 1894. Bv Mr. COOMBS: A bill (H. R. 7133)to authorize the appoipir. The Senate met at 11 o'clock a. m. . ment of a currency commission-to the Committee on Bankmg Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. and Currency. The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. By Mr. CRAIN: A bill (H. R. 7134) to pr~vi~~ for ~er';lls of the • PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. circuit and district courts of the western JUdiCial district of the • St..1.te of Texas to be held at the city of Laredo, and for other Mr. MITCHELL of Wisconsin presented a petition of sundry citizens of Mondovi, Wis., praying for the enactment of legisla­ purposes-to the Committee on the Judiciary. . tion to enable the Stat-es to el;!_force State laws regulating the By Mr. SPRINGER: A resolution to pay out of the contm~ gent fund a sum not exceeding $200 to John W. Almarode, for sale of substitutes for dairy products; which was referred to the the funeral expenses of his son, Ernest H. Almarode-to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. He also presented a petition of the Chamber of Commerce of Committee on Accounts. · Milwaukee, Wis., praying for a. continuance and improvement of the statistical work in the Department of Agriculture; which PRIVATE BILLS. ETC. was referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. He also presented a. petition of the Chamber of Commerce of Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private _bills of the following Milwaukee, Wis., praying for the adoption of certain proposed titles wet·e presented and referred as follows: . remedial amendments to the interstate-commerce law; which By Mr. ADAMS of Kentucky: A bill (H. R. 7135) for the re­ was referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. . lief of Mrs. Marv C. Stokes, of Edmonton, Metcalfe County, He also presented a. memorial of the Chamber of Commerce Ky.-to the Committee on War Claims. of Milwaukee, Wis., remonstrating against the adoption of the By Mr. CONN: A bill (H. R. 7136) to remove the charge _of substitute for House bill No. 5653,.known as the antioption bill; desertion from the record of John Swoverland-to the Commit- which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. tee on Mill tary Affairs. · Mr. PEFFER presented a petition of sundry citizens of Quin­ By Mr. CHICKERING: A bill (H. R. 7137) granting a. pension ter, Kans., praying that the preamble to the Constitution of the to Herman Caples, late of Co~pany L, Tw~ntieth .New York United States be so amended as to recognize the Deity; which Heavy Artillery-to the Committee on Invahd Pensions. was -referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. GOODNIGHT: A bill (H. R. 7138) for the relief of Mr. WALSH presented sundry petitions of citizens of Chat­ Thomas W. Wright-to the Committee on the Post-Office and ham and Bibb Counties, in the State of Georgia, praying that Post-Roads. in the uassage or any law providing for the taxation of incomes, By Mr. HEINER of Pennsylvania:. A bill (H. R. 7139) gra~t­ the fmids of mutual life insurance companies and associations ing a pension to Elias Demus, of IndJ.ana, Pa.-to the Commit­ be exempted from taxation; which were ordered to lie on the tee on Pensions. table. · By Mr. PAYNTER: A bill (H. R. 7140) for the relief of Mrs. Mr. MORRILL presented a memorial of sundry citizens of E. Taylor--to the Committee on War Claims. - Windham County, Vt., remonstrating against the enactment of Also (by request), a bill (H. R .. 7141) to remove ~he charg~ ~f any law taxing incomes, and praying that the funds o~ mutual desertion a()'ainst Jefferson Mullms-to the Committee on Mih- life and fire insurance companies and associations be exempted tary Affairs. - . . from taxation; which was ordered to lie on the table. Also (by request), a. bill (H. R. 7142) for the relief of Wilham Mr. BUTLER presented a petition of 46 citizens of Charleston T Moore-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. County, S.C., holders of life insurance policies, praying that in .By Mr. RICHARDS: A bil~ (H. R. 7143) for ~he relief of Na­ the passage of any law providing for the taxation of incomes, than Finnegan-to the Committee on War Claims. the funds of mutual life insurance companies and associations By Mr. R[CHARDSON of Michigan: A bill(~. R. 7144) gran.t­ exempted from taxation; which was ordered to lie on the table. ing a pension to Dolly Burger-to the Committee on Inva.hd Mr. ALLEN presented a petition of sundry citizens of Scipio, Pensions. · Ohio, praying for the enactment of legislation to restore silver By Mr. WHITE: A bill (H: R. 7145) grm;ting a.. pension to to its ancient right as money at a. ratio not to exceed 16 to 1; Clarissa Martin-to the Committee on Invahd Pensions. which was referred to the Committee on Finance. He also presented a. petition of sundry citizens of Omaha, Nebr~, praying for a retention of the prese11t tax on proof spirits, PETITIONS, ETC. and that the internal-revenue tax on beer and like intoxicating U udal' claus31 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers liquors be increased to $1 per barrel, or sufficient to provide the were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: internal revenue required to be raised by the tariff bill now be­ By Mr. ADAMS of Kentucky: Petition of citizens of Russell fore Congress; which was ordered to lie on the table. County 1 Ky., in behalf of Mrs. Mary C. Stokes, to accompany Mr. FRYE presented a memorial of the Lasters' Protective bill for her relief-to the Committee on War Claims. Union, of Portland, Me., remonstrating against the ratification By Mr. CONN: Affidavits in support of a bill to remove the of the proposed Chinesetreaty;_which was ordered to lie on the charge of desertion from the record of John Sweverland-to the table. Committee on Military Affairs. He also presented a. memorial of 43 manufacturers and mer­ By Mr. CRAIN: Protest of citizens of Webb County, Tex., chants, of Portland, Me., remonstrating against the proposed against the passage ?f ~ouse bill4126, pr~viding for abo.lHion increase of the internal revenue tax on distilled spirits, and of certain customs distrlCts-to the Comm1ttee on Expenditures praying that such proposed increase be transferred to alcoholic in the Treasury Department. liquors used as a beverage; which was ordered to 1ie on the By Mr. GOODNIGHT: Petition of citizens of Bo~ling Green, table. Ky., for amendment to postal laws-to the Comnnttee on the Mr. HOAR presented the petition of Daniel C. Gilman, presi Post-Office and Post-Roads. dent, and 25 others, professors on the academic staff of Johns Also evidence to accompany bill for the relief of Thomas W. Hopkins University, Baltirp.ore, Md., praying fo~ the enactment Wright, Alvaton, Warreq County, Ky.-to the Committee on of legislation to suppress the lottery traffic; which was ordered the Post-Office and Post·Roads. to lie on the table. By Mr. PERKINS: Pe~iti~n of E. D. Smitht Ireton, Iowa, REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. against income tax on bmldmg and loan associations-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Mr. BLANCHARD, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, to By Mr. TER~Y: Resolutions of the Tnt:ernationa~ Prin~ng whom was referred the bill (S. 934) for the relief of the Chapter Pressmen's Umon, No. 56, of Cleveland,Ohio,protestmgagamst of Calvary Cathedral, Sioux Falls, S.Dak., reported it without the unjust discrimination used in employing printing pressmen amendment, and submitted a report thereon. in the United States_Government 'orinting press room, and for He also, from the same committee, reported an amendment the creation of office of foreman of presswork in the Government intended to be proposed to the Ic.dian appropriation bill; which Printing Office-to the Committee on Printing. was referred to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered By Mr. WEADOCK: Petition of Robert McCall and otliers, of to be printed. South Bay City, Mich., for passage of House bill 4891-to the TARIFF BULLETINS. Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Mr. VOORHEES. I report from the Committee on Finance By Mr. WRIGHT of Massachusetts: Petition of G. S. Parker Bulletins No. 9 and 10, befng replies to inquiries on the subject and'29 others, of D&.lton, Mass., in favor of legislation regulat­ of the tariff, relating to Schedule C, metals and manufactures of ing the sale of substitutes for dairy produce-to the Committee metals. I move that the bulletins be printed. ()n Agriculture. _ The motion was agreed to. 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 4969

Mr. VOORHEES subsequently reported from the Committee SEC. 6. That the Colorado River Irrigating Company, which was granted a right o! way for an irrigating canal through the said Yuma Indian Reser­ en Finance Bulletins No. 11, 12, 13, and 14, on the subject of the vation by the act of Congress approved February 15, l893, shall be required tariff, relating to Schedule C, metals and manufactures of metals; to begin theconstructionofsaidcanal through said reservation within three · years !rom the date or the passage o! this act, otherwise the rights granted which were ordered to be printed. by tht> a-ct aforesaid shall be forfeited. EXPENSES OF SENATORIAL INVESTIGATING COMMITTEE. SEc. 7. That the Secretary or the Interior shall have authority to !rom time to time fix the rate of water rents to be paid by the said Indians, and Mr. CAMDEN, from the Committee to Audit and Control the that each male adult Indian o! the Yuma tribe residing on the said reserva- • Contingent Expenses of the Senate, to whom was referred the tion at the time o! the approval of this act shall be granted, during ten years, following resolution submitted by Mr. GRAY on the 18th instant, or his natural life, water for 1 acre o! the land which shall be allotted to him, 1! he utilizes the same in growing crops, free of all rent charges. reported it without amendment, and it was considered by unani­ SEc. 8. That the right of way through the said Yuma Indian Reservation mous consent, and agreed to: is hereby granted to the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, !or its line of Resolved, That the select committee appointed under resolution ot the Sen­ railroad as at present constructed, of the same width, with the same rights ate ot May 17, 1894, tn make certain investigations, be, and it hereby is, au­ and privileges, and subject to the limitations, restrictions, and conditions as thorized to employ a stenographer and incur such other expenses as may be were granted to the said company by the twenty-third section of the act ap­ deemed necessary; the said expenses to be paid out ot the contingent fund proved March 3,1871, entitled "An act to incorporate the Texas Pacific Rail­ upon vouchers approved by the Committee to Audit and Control the Contin­ road Company and to aid in the construction o! its road, and ror other pur­ poses:" Provided, That said company shall, within ninety days from the gent Expenses o! the Senate. passage of this act, file with the Secretary o! the Interior a. map of said right BILLS INTRODUCED. of way, together with the relinquishment by said company o! its right ot way through said reservation as shown by maps o! definite location ap· Mr. DUBOIS introduced a bill (S. 2033) to provide for the proved January 31, 1878. erection of a United States bonded warehouse in the town of Bonners Ferry, State of Idaho; which was read twicebyitstitle, The amendment was agreed to. and referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. The bill was reported to the..Senate as amended, and the amend- - ' :Mr. TURPIE introduced a bill (S. 2034) authorizing the per­ ment was concurred in. sons herein named to accept of certain decorations and testi­ The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a. third reading, read monials from the Hawaiian Government; which was read twice the tP.ird time, and passed. by its title, and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The committee report to strike 'Mr. FAULKNER (by request) introduced a bill (S. 2035) to out the preamble. The preamble will be stricken out, in the number and renumber the entire District of Columbia by absence of objection. squares; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the THE REVENUE BILL. Committee on the District of Columbia. Mr. HUNTON. I ask the consent of the Senate to c1ll up Mr. PEFFER (by request) introduced a bill (S. 2036} for the Senate bill 557. relief o~ Capitola Lawrence, George William Lawrence, Joseph Mr. HARRIS. I move that the Senate proceed to the consid- · Henry Lawrence, Lottie Lawrence, and Julia Lawrence; which eration of House bill 4864. · was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Mr. HUNTON. I ask the "Senator from Tennessee to allow Naval Affairs. . this bill to be tested, to see ~ whether there will be any objection Mr. COCKRELL introduced a bill(S. 2037) granting a pension to it. to Christ Rahman; which was read twice by its title, and re­ Mr. HARRIS. If I yield to the Senator from Virginia I shall ferred to the Committee on Pensions. feel compelled to yield to every Senator on the floor who makes AMENDMENTS TO RIVER AND HARBOR BILL. a similar request. I am not in a yielding mood. Mr. BATE submitted an amendment intended to be proposed The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the - by him to the river and harbor appropriation bill; which was motion of the Senator from Tennessee. referred to the Committee on Commerce, and ordered to be The motion was agreed to; and the Senate, as in Committee . printed...... of the Whole, resumed the consideration of ~he bill (H. R. 4864) Mr. WALSH submitted an amendment intended to be pro­ to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and · posed by him to the-river ~nd harbor appropriation bill; which for other purposes. was referred to the Comm1ttee on Commerce, and ordered to be Mr. GALLINGER. Mr. President, when I yielded the tl.oor printed. on Thursday I had reached the period of enactment of the Mc­ AGREEMENT WITH YUMA INDIANS. Kinley tariff law, which law the Democratic party in its last na- · tional convention denounced as unconstitutional, (leclaring that The VICE-PRESIDENT. The morning business is closed. it was "the culminating atrocity of class legislation." I now pro­ Mr. TELLER. I a.sk unanimous consent for the present con­ pose to complete the historical analysis of tariff legislation. in sideration of the bill {S. 1919) to ratify and confirm an agree­ this country. It is my conviction that the pending bill, in what­ ment with the Yuma fndians in California, for the cession of ever form it may assume, should be defeated! and I will gladly their surplus lands, and for other purposes. · do my part to defeat it by the use of any methods at command By unanimous consent, the Senate, as in Committee of the under the rules of the Senate. The best interests of the country Whole, proceeded to consider the bill, which had been reported require that the existing tariff law shall remain undisturbed, cer­ from the Committee on Indian Affairs with an amendment, to tainly so until such time as the Republican party (the friend of strike out all after the enacting clause and insert: protection) shall again be in power in all branches of the Na­ That the agreement made and entered into on the 4th day of December, A. tional Government. D. 1893, at Fort Yuma, on what is known as the Yuma Indian Reservation, 1n the county of San DieirO, State o! Cali!ornia, by and between Washington 1890-THE M'KINLEY TARIFF. J. Houston, John A. Gorman, and Peter R. Brady, commissioners on the part o! the United States, appoint.ed !or the purpose, and the Yuma Indians; In the election of 1888 nothing was more definitely settled than which said agreement is fully and at length set forth in Executive Docu­ this: That the protective policy, as inaugurated and maintained ment No. 68, second session Fifty-third Congress, be, and the same hereby by Republicans since 1861, should be further secured and per­ Js, accepted, ratified, and confirmed. SEC. 2. That !or the purpose ot malting the allotments provided !or in said petuated by proper revision and legislation, and that such tariff agreement, including the payment and expenses o! the necessary special revision should be strictly in line with the principles and pur- agent hereby authorized to be appointed by the Secretary o! the Interior, and for tbe necessary resurveys, there be, and hereby is, appropriated, out poses of protection. · or any money in the •rreasurynot otherwise appropriated, the sum of $2,000,~ Accordingly, when the Fifty-first Congress met in December, or so much thereof as may be necessary. , 188~, it quickly organized -with THOMAS B. REED as Speaker, SEC. 3. That !or the purpose o! defraying the expenses of the survey and sale o! the lands by said agreement relinquished, and to be appraised and and in due time a splendid Ways and Means Committee was ap· sold !or the benefit o! said Indians, the sumo! $3,000, or so much thereof as pointed, with William McKinley, of Ohio, as chairman. may be necessary, be, and the same hereby is, appropriated out ot any The committee met with open doors, and invited the proprie­ money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the same to be reim­ bursed to the United States out o! the proceeds o! the sale of said lands. tors of all industrial and mercantile interests in all parts of the SEC. 4. That the Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized and di­ country to ~ppear before the committee· and all interests were rected to cause all the lands ceded by said agreement which may be suscep­ given a respectful hearing. In due time a bill was reported to tible o! irrigation after said allotments have been made and approved and said lands have been surveyed and appraised and the appraisal approved, to the House which sought to give adequate protection to manu­ be sold at public sale by the omcers or the land district wherein said lands facturer and laborer alike. It met with the fiercest opposition are situated, said survey, appraisal, and sale to be in accordance with art.i­ from the free traders, Mugwumps, and Democrats; but after full ele 3 of the agreement, and· the money realized by said sale shall be applied discussion it passed by a handsome majority, and was sent to the 1n the manner provided in article 4 o! said agreement: Provided, however, That none o! said money realized from the sale o! said lands, or any or the Senate. Here the D~mocrats attempted to talk it to death, and interest thereon, shall be applied to the payment o! any judgment that has it was not till October that the bill finally passed both Houses, been or may hereafter be rendered on claims for damages because of depre­ was signed by the President, and became the law of the land. dations committed by said Indians prior to the date o! the agreementherein ratified. Let me call this fact tQ the attention of Democratic Senators who SEa. 5. That the Sisters of St. Joseph are hereby granted the tract of are now clamoring for the immediate passage of the Wilson bill; · land provided for in article 7 of the agreement, including the bUildings they did not allow the McKinley bill to pass until October, but thereon, and the land to be set aside !or a school !arm, the whole not to ex­ ceed one-hal! section, or 320 acres, so long as they shall use the same for re­ now they are hysterically demanding that the Wilson bill be ligious, educational, and hospital purposes !or said Yuma Indians. passed in May. Great is Democratic consistency. 4970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MA_y 19,

DEMOCRATIC AND MUGWUMP LYING. erature, and also forbids the importation of any foreign goods The McKinley law isr without doubt, the best and completest that bear an American trade-mark. tar-iff la'W"'ever enacted, but it is also true that there never has It has been common for many of our wealthy citizens to go been a law so maliciously and wantonly maligned and misinter­ abroad and buy large quantities of thinO'S for personal use and preted, and about which there has been such deliberate and per­ so bring them in free of duty. The vaiue of such purchas'es to sistent and systematic lyin~ as about this one. From the time be free of duty is now fixed at $500, enough for all honest pur­ of the passage of the bill till the day of the November elections poses. following, nearly every Democratic and Mugwump newspaper The importation of all foreign goods. made by convict labor is and speaker- declared from day to day, and from week to week, strictly prohibited. that the price of every article of food, every article of clothing, The friends of free t1·ade have persistently declared that if we and every article used in our domestic economy, in short, the would only have free raw materials from abroad for manufactur­ price of everything, whether imported or domestic, had been ing purposes we could increase our expo:rts many millions and raised by the McKinley act; and they gave forged figures and s~on take the markets of the world. The McKinley bill pro­ statistics to prove it. These alleged statistics were absolutely VIdes that whenever any raw materials shall be imported for f81lse, and the newspape-rs and orators who uttered them knew manufacture and export99 per cent of the duty shall be refunded it; but so trifiing a matter as that did not deter them from delib­ when so exported; and free traders now have full permission to erately repeating those falsehoods. take the markets of the world. In a historical discussion these remarks may at first thought It restores- the protective features of the law of 1867 on wool appear harsh and undignified, but it is the historian's duty to and its manufactures, so that if left undisturbed by legislation state facts; and the statements made are facts, and they are his­ the sheep and wool industry will again flourish. tory as well, and therefore should be stated. ...An examination of It adds materially to the duties on agricultural products-, and the newspapers referred to will afford ample proof that Thave not so. protects our farmers from the cheap labor of Canada and overstated the facts. But these falsehoods were not all. In other countries. vadous parts of the country peddlers were furnished with carts It lays~ duty on imported linen products that will encOurage and p:10ks, loaded with tinware and many other articles. The ~he erect10n of ma.ny, large plants for the manufacture or linens peddlers were not expected to sell their wares, but wmTe in­ 1n. our own country, and will at the same time add a new and structed to ask double and triple prices; and when people ob­ "\rnluable product to the farmers' list in the raising of flax. jec ed to their prices, they were to s11.y that all these prices had HOW IT AFFECTS m PLATES. been raised on. account of the McKinley tariff, and that they lt puts a duty on. tinplate so high thatit threatens to- transfer could not sell at lower prices. The country folk did not know the most of that great industry to this country. Already many 'th-at these men were lying1 andr of course, denounced the Re­ publicans and voted against them. Merchants and traders of large plants ar~ in process. of e.rection, or have been completerl, the same political faith all o"er the land adapted the same tac­ an~ are producm!S a superior tm plate, at Brooklyn, Pittsburg, tics, and with like results Within three weeks after the elec­ ~hiCago, St ..Louis, and other places, and others will soon go up tion, the same men declared that those stories were not true, if the duty IS not changed. The largest mines of tin in the and all admitted that prices had not been raised. One of the world have lately been found in the Dakotas Califo1·nia Texas ablest nevrspa.pe11 defamers, the day after the election, said: and Virginia; so that it is morally certain th~t in the nea~ futur~ ~e shall be able to produce at home the full supply of tin and It i probable that this intentional deception about th~ rise of prices unde1· the McKinley bill has now appeared foJ: ~he last time, having served trn plate that we need, and which now amounts to over $30 000- the purpose of electing a Democratic House in the next Congre ;s-. 000 in value annually. ' ' MR. DEPEW'S OPINIO~. When this is accomplished it will afford a new business that will annually pay to American labor not less than $~3 000 000· On the 6th of Mauch. 1891,. at a public dinner in the city of it will require from iron ore miners not less than 1 000 000 ton~ New York~ that genial, kind1y-spirited,and coDBervative gentle­ o~ iron ore more than the~ now produce~ from lim~sto~e quar­ man, Chauncey M. Depew, referring to the election of 1890, boldly rles 300,000 tons more of hmestone; from coal mines and coke said: ovens 2~000,00.0 tons more of coal and coke; fro.nLblast furnaces We ha4last falllour Rnn RtuL. Ill was the trtnm11h of the liar in American 400,000 tons more of pig iron; from lead mines and smelting fur­ politics. The u.-w elected a Congress. of more than two-thirds of some h.onesn Democrats and . :man~ pheuomenar cranks, and when that Congress naces 5,600,000 pounds more of leaa; from slaughter and packing shall have adjo'Ul'Iled the Americ~m people will 1lllderstand, in regard to the bouse~ 13,000,000 POl}nds more of tallow and oil; from chemical liar, that the deeds of men: live a.tter them; and while the liar will li-ve as fac'tor1es 40,000,000 pounds more oi sulphuric acid; from lumber lang as the race- in its present degraded condition SID!Vi ves, he never more will he a fa-ctor in. our politics. . yards12,000,000 feet more of lumber; and will give constant work to at least 35,000 perso~s. Indeed, it is already in large part ful­ A WOMAN'S SPIDITED REPLY ~lled, and t;nless the tariff on tin-plate is greatly reduced the ~ut, strange as it may seem, this perversion of fact and of mdustry will be a phenomenal success. truth was continued formonthsbyfree-trade organs. Six months CHARACTERISTIC .A.C'ITON OF BRITISH FREE TRADERS. after- the McKinley bill beeame a law the New York Times said~ A g~nce at the history of prices of tin plate for twenty years Wlien a. woman l?ays 50 cents more a yard for stuff to make a. dress of than she wouldha..ve-pa.id if the McKinley bill had not become a law, she should past will make clear the necessity and propriety of the McKin keep it to herself. So doing, shewlli confer a great favor on President Har­ !ey tarifft ~nd at the same time illustrate the characteristic poi­ rison, who thinks he may get another term in the White House if people will ley of BritlSh_ free-trade manufacturers. quit making "malevolent" remarks about-the-tariff. _ In 18i3, British impotrte:rs advanced the· price of tin plate to 1!12 a box in Thig false and bitter paragraph was copied approvingly by a American ma.rkets, a.nd at once American tin-plate factories commenced operations. Britis!l im.p~rte:rs within three years reduced the price to $4.50 Chicago paper, and came under notice of Mrs. Elizabeth Hunt, per box. a.nd our mills han to shut down. When this wa.s done British im­ o.f Bloomington, Ill. She wrote an indignan.t letter in reply, porters advanced prices to $9 and UO per box, and under this Stim.nl'lls in 1879 which deserves a place here, because it is . so spicy, so full of American mills a~ain s~arted up. As soon as they were well at work, Brit­ facts, and so clearly proves that the women of the land now ish importers agam reduced the price to $4per box~ and then made a. sta.nd­ tngotrer, or mo!e properly a thre:~.t, to sell their tin plate 25 cents a. box cheaper know the truth about this matter. After saying that she'' is a than the ~rlcaJ?- product, no matter· what the pr1ce o! the la.tter might be. Democrat's wile, but is sick of seeing such lies in newspapers Of course, this actwncumpletely finished the American industry and prices whose editors claim not to be fools," she adds: were at once advanced from 1M to 7 per bor.-Rice. ' Now, don't this fool Democrat who edits the Chlcago He1•ald lmow, or The McKinley tariff put an end to this outrage and robbery tan't his wife tell him, that everything a woman wears costs less than it did and this fact alone is sufficient justification for its enactment. ' before the McKinley bill passed? Calico is 4! cents pe-r yard; a good sum­ mer silk costs from 25 to 35 cents a yard. It used to cost $1. Black silk THE. l!'REE LIST AND THE REA.BON FOR IT. can be bought for from 60cents to$1 that used to cost from $2 to $3.50. Sugar The McKinley act also puts upon the free list almost 50 per costs 5 cents that used to cost 8 cents. Ribbons are half the old price, stock­ ings the same, and jerseys, since they are making them in this country, cost cent of the whole number of articles imported, including sugar· half as much as the imported. Ladies' things are down. We ladies know while the Mills bill put only about 38 per- cent on the free list' that Democratic husbands can lie to each other, but they can't lie to us. We and left a duty on sugar amounting to nearly $60,000,000 a year'' women are not fools. Let the Herald liar stick to men's things when he lies, and not try to lie about women's things. We won't stand it. I'm a and a duty of lOO·per cent on rice, two articles then produced id Democratic woman, but I don't want any lying. to keep th& party up. this country only in the South. The principle of protection is- this: A:rry articles (except lux­ SOME GOOD POll

;_to cover the difference between the low wages of the foreign By the compound ratiu of population aud wealth in each c~:mutry,--even without making allowance for the gre:.\t loss incurred by the-mvll war, it is laborers and the much higher wages of our American laborers, plainly shown by the statistics here presented th:.\t the degxee of progress in order that the wn,O'es of our own workmen may not be reduced. in the United States under nrotection far exceede:i that of the United King­ We also lay a heavy"'dutyonluxurics,such as costly furs, cloths, dom under free trade for the period named. In 1860 the average wealth, per capita, of the United Kingdom was 1,000, while in the United States it was wines, etc., which only the wealthy can afford; for the reason but $450. In 1880 the United Kingdom bad in.::reasad her per capita wealth that if they will indulge in such expensive foreign productions to $1,230, while the United States had increased her per capita wealth to they should contribute largely toward paying the expenses of $879. The United Kingdom had in twenty years increased her per capita wealth 23 per cent, while the United States had increased her per capita the Government tha_t grants them such exclusive privileges. wealth more than 93 per cent. If allowance should be made for war losses M'.K..rnLEY'S OPINIONS. the ratio of gain in the United States would far exceed 100 per cent. Upon these results what ground has Mr. Gladstone for his assertion.-Blaine's This bill gives freer, broader, wider trade than any bill' from Washington answer to Gladstone. to Harrison. Nearly cO per cent or all we imported last year is absolutely RESTRICTED RECIPROCITY. tree under the ln.w or 1890. -Now, do you know why we put them on the free list? We did it on the Another of the highly beneficent provisions of the McKinley great principle underlying protection. bacause we do not manufacture them act is the section on restricted reciprocity. This lthird) sec­ at home. For the same reason in 1872 we put tea and corree there, and that tion- is the exact reason that we make sugar free, that we produce but a. small percentage of what we consume.-Speecll. in New York, April29, 1891. Provides that with a view to secure reciprocal trade with countries pro­ ducing t-he following articles, and for this purpose, on and after the 1st day A FREE-TRADE T.A.RIFE. VS. A PROTECTIVE TARIFF. of July, 1892, whenever and so often as the President shall be satisfied that the Government o! any country producing and exporting sugars, mol~ses, To clearly illustrate the marked difference between these two coffee, tea, and hides, raw and cured. or any of such articles, imposes duties systems in their application to the laboring and middle classes o1· other exactions upon the agricultural or other products of the United St-ates, which in view of the free intro;Iuction or such sugars, molasses, of EnO'ln.nd and the United Stat9s, and especially how they affect coffee, tea, and hides into the United States he may deem reciprocally un­ the ea.~ning" o-f the people, let us examine the English customs equal and unreasonable, he shall have the power a.r:d it shall be his duty to reports foe tbe ya 1.r 18 8: suspend by proclamation to that effect the provisions of this act relative to the free introduction of sl,lch sugar, molasses, coffee, tea, and hides, the pro­ Whole amok tc.:> lected from customs, $97,891,380. duction or such country, for such time as he shall deem just; and in such Amount coll~c~.<>~ rrom- case and d urlng & uch suspension duties shall be levied. collected, and paid thereon. as follows: Sugars from 1 to 2 cent.'! per pound, according to qual­ ity; molasses, 4 cents per gallon; coffee, 3 cents; tea, 10 cents, and hides H cents per pound. . m A careful reading of this section will show that it is strictly ;]:t'/Yl-::_:~~-H!"\\;;;;;·;~~~\\\::;;;_;;;;_-_j·j~j;- :I in line with the doctrine of a protective tariff. The articles named are such as can not be produced economi­ Total ______---- ______·-----______76,514,452 cally in this country· but they are universally regarded as nec­ essaries by our people, and are therefore placed upon the free Now, none of these articles are raised or produced in England, li.st. Our production of wheat and corn has become enormous but with the exception of wines they are all necessaries of life, and 'is rapidly increasing; and hitherto we have found a ready and the toiling millions of England must and will have them; and market in Europe for our surplus of these cereals. the greater part of the articles enumerated above are consumed _ But India and other eastern countries are increasing their by tbelaboring classes. Inotherwords, undera.free-tradetariff production of these articles much more rapidly than we are, these few articles of necessity, consumed mostly by the laboring and as the wages paid t{) Indian and Oriental laborers are but clasaes of Eno-land, pay $76,514,462 out of $97,897 ,380-more than a small fraction of the wages paid to American laborersJ they four-fifths of "'an the customs duties. can and will undersell us in the European markets, and so, to The American laborer pays no duty at all on tea, coffee, cocoa, a large extent, cut off our markets there. chicory, and dried fruits; and none on tobacco and wines pro­ We are also producing agricultural and other machinery in duced at home. In other words, a protective tariff saves our unlimited quanties and uf the highest quality-, and we have, or workingmen the greater part of $76,000,000 in customs duties. easily can have, a surplus of these things. In the United States, under fifteen years of the free-trade tariff Now, it so happens that the countries that produce sugar, of 184:6 to 1861, our imports exceeded our exports by $-132,355,721, molasses, coffee, tea, hides, etc., do not produce their own wheat, and that amount of golq had to go abroad pay that balance; to corn, flour, meal, heef, pork, lard, etc.~ in the quantities required in fifteen years of protection, from 1876 to 1890, our exports ex­ by their people; neither do they make their own machinery to ceeded our imports by $1,669,444,246, and that amount of specie any great extent; but, strange as it may seem, those countries was sent to this country to pay us that immense b::tlance. Dur­ that need, and musthave, but do not produce, these agricultural, ing the whole period from 1790 to 1861-seventy-one years-we mechanical. and food productions which we make, have, up to exported 80,869,000 bushels of wheat; but in 1883, after twenty­ January 1, 1891, levied and collected on these articles a heavy, two years of protective tariff we exported 150,000,000 bushels in tadff duty whenever we have exported them to those countries, a single yeai'. / such duties, iD. somecases, being almost prohibitory. It should In 1861, after fifteen years of tariff for revenue, Government be added here that we were just as unwise as to sugar, collect­ had to borrow money for current expenses at 10 and 12 per cent. ing therefrom duties amounting to nearly $60,000,000 a year, In 1891, after thirty years of protection, Government could bor­ though we admitted tea, coffee, and hides free from duty. row aU it wa;nted at 2 per cent. Under the wise leadership of Mr. Blaine, Olll' eminent Secre­ GLADSTONE VS. FACTS. tary of State, supported cordially by President Harrison's Ad­ Mr. Gladstone, the eminent leader of the free tradet:_S in Eng­ ministration, and by a Republican Congress, this section on re­ land, admits the marvelous increase of wealth acquired by the stricted reciprocity wasinserted in theMcKinleyact. Therea­ United States under a protective tariff, but insists that there­ son-for it was substantiallv this: sults would have been even larger under free trade. He pro­ These Southern countries produce sugar, coffee, hides, etc., duces no facts to sustain his views, and therefore it is simply an cheaply and in great abundance; they want a steady and increas­ expression of opinion. ing market for their surplus; but do not and can not produce the Prince Bismarck holds the opposite view, and it may be said cereals and other foods, and the machinery they want. that his view is also a matter of opinion. But undisputed facts We produce a large surplus of cereals, and other foods, and are infinitely stronger and more decisive than opinions or argu­ machinery, for which we want a steady and increasing market; ments, no n:iatter how great or how able are their authors, and and we can not produce profitably, if at all, the sugar, coffee, therefore the facts shall decide this question. etc., that we need. ¥r. Blaine marshaled these facts clearly and forcibly from Mr. Blaine suggested: Why not establish reciprocity with the very best authorities, as follows: these countries, relative to the above· named productions of each In 1860 the pJpulation of the United States was in round numbers 31,000,- country; and admit such distinctive productions above named, 000. At the same time the population or the United Kingdom was in round free of duty, provided they will do the same by ours? , numbers 29,000,000. The wealth of the United States at that time was 1514, - 000,000,000; the wealth of the United Kingdom was$29,000,000,000. The Uniteh When thus stated it became a matter of the simplest common Kingdom had therefore near!~ the same population, but more than double sense. It was most heartily approved by the country, with s.ome the wealth of the United States. with machinery for manufacturing four­ partisan exceptions, and everybody wondered why so simple and fold greater than that of the United States. At the end of twenty yea1·s (1880) it appeared that the United States had added nearly $30,000,000,000 to desirable an arrangement had not been thoug~t of before. her wealth, while the United Kingdom ha.d added nearly 1515,000,000,000, or In justice to fact and history it should be stated that nearly or about one-half. quite every Democrat in Congress voted against it; but, thanks During this pariod of twenty years the United States had incurred the to enormous loss of $9,000,000,000 by internal war, while the United Kingdom the good sense of a R-epublican Congress and President, it was at peace, enjoyed exceptional prosperity, and made a far greater gain was passed. ttb.an 1n any other twenty years of her history-a gain which during four Brazil, the British West Indies, British Guiana, Spanish West years was in a large part due to the calamity tha.thadfallen upon the United Indies, San Domingo, Germany, Hawaii, Guatemala, Nicaragua. Staws. The United Kingdom had added 6,000,000 to her population during the period or twenty years, while the addition to the United States exceeded Honduras, Austria-Hungary, Costa Rica, and Salvador have -18.000,000. completed reciprocal treaties with us on the lines proposed in 4972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE.

the McKinley act; and it is not only probable but morally cer­ establishes, builds up, and ma.intains American indus tries; reciprocity opens a new outlet for the surplus products of our farms and factories. Protec• tain that unless the policy of the Government is reversed, Mex­ tion gives employment to American labor; reciprocity enlarges the demand ico the other Central American States, and the other South for the fruits of that labor, thereby insuring uninterrupted employmem. A~erican States will join in similar reciprocal treaties. In a word, protection is defense, reciprocity is conquest. There is, therefore, no abandonment of the doctrine of protection, but In ten years ending June 30, 1889, we imported from these rather an increased demand for its maintenance. Southern nations merchandise to the valueof $1,529,791,797, a11d during the same period we exported to them goods to the value GREAT PROSPERITY ASSURED. of only $527,282,776; leaving against us the enormous balance of These are a few of the salient points of the McKinley act, and $1,002,509,021, or. over $~00,000,000 a year, which had to be paid there are many others equally helpful and beneficent, but I have by us in gold or 1ts eqmvalent. not time to consider them now. It must be apparent to the dullest intellect, the protectionists That the act steadily grew in popular favor, and that many argue that it 1s vastly better for us to retain that gold here and industries were revived and strengthened, and many others pay that great balance, or the most of it, with our flour, meats.1 started and developed, is undeniable. This has been our invari­ lumber machinery, etc., and thereby increase our home pro­ able experience under protection, and no good reason is appal'­ ductio~s maintain the wages of our workingmen, give them ent why it should not continue as long as high tariff is the rec­ stea-dy e~ployment, augment our wealth, multiply our comforts, ognized principle of our Government. Under the operations of and add to our happiness and contentment. In order to save the McKinley :taw, as early as January, 1892, some twenty or our market for her beet sugar, Germany has removed all re­ more large plants for the manufacture of tin plate were already strictions which for years have kept our pork products out of in active operation or in process of construction and nearly com­ that country, and another market worth many millions annu­ pleted; several large plants for manufacturing linen were also ally has been given us by reciprocity. being erected; many factories for the manufacture of pea.rl and other dress buttons had been revived and started; one or two NET GAIN UNDER RECIPROCITY FROM: SUGAR. large thread works were doubling their capacity; hundreds of Claims under the McKinley act for sugar bounties filed up to new enterprises had been established; large numbers of articles June 30 1891, the last day on which they could be filed for that used by mechanics and farmers, manufactured of iron or steel, year, a~ounted to about $9,000,ogo, and the bounties for the were already from 10 to 25 per cent cheaper than they were be­ years since have not been largely m excess of that amount. fore the bill was enacted; increased wages were paid to many The advantage which the new tariff act gives to the country workmen; our commercial relations with Central and South in the matter of sugar for one year can be seen at a ~lance: American Republics were greatly enlarged and gave us increased "Amount of duty taken oa ...... •....••...... ------UO, 000,000 business and profits; so that there was even then great and in­ Amount paid for bounties------9, 000,000 creasing prosperity in all lines of business under a tariff ex­ Amount saved to the people by the new reciprocity tari.lr on pressly drawn to give just and ample protection to American sugaralone...... ------·---·------.. 51,000,000 industries, American labor, and American capital. The New York Democratic platfo?"m (1891) characterized this The New York Press, under date of October 14, 1891, said: matter as ''the Blaine reciprocity humbug." What are the For the benefit of the whole host of free traders, we present in a nutshell facts? In June, 1890, under the· old tariff we sold to Brazil some facts about the operation of the new tarift'which they will have to meet breadstuffs, carriages, cars, cotton, clothing, tools, hardware, squarely or confess themselves beaten. The McKinley bill has- Increased the duties on about·-·------115 articles. sewing machines, engines, machinery, resin, tar, pitch, bacon, Reduced the duties on about ...... ------____ .... ···------100 articles. lard lumber, manufactures of \VOod, etc., to the value of $506,000. And left it unchan~ed on .. ·------249 articles, On these things by the reciprocity act the duties were either Increased our foreign commerce (in eleven months)______$74,768,639 Increased our free imports .. ... ------....• IS112, 013, 081 abolished or reduced 25 per cent, and in June, 1891, we sold to Made the percentage of free Imports, of all our imports...... 55.76 Brazil of these articles to the value of $1,030,000. Increase the Increased free imports over tbe last tar11r, per cent______22. ~ first year about 98 per cent. And such results, we a-re told, are Reduced the duties per capita from $3.80 to $3.07. Reduced the total revenue ("taria taxes' ) in twelve months... 41,396,425 "humbug.:: Increased the cost of no necessity of life and reduced the cost of many; WHAT RECIPROCITY MEANS. stimulated business, and thereby tended to make people busier and earn­ The New York Sun, notwithstanding the position of its party ings surer, if not larger. . relative to the McKinley tariff, has the courage to express its The tl.gure

tection, in population, wealth, capital, railroads, manufactories, PRINCE BISMARCK'S OPINION. agriculture, and education since the census of 1880 was taken. The success {under protection) or the United States in material develop­ The totals are as follows for the year ending J line 30, 1890: mentis the most illustrious of modern times. The American nation has not only successfully borne and suppressed the most gigantic and exnensive .war or all history, but immediately afterward disbanded its army, found ­ 1890. 1880. Per work for all its soldiers and marines, paid off most of its debt, given labor cent. and homes to all the unemployed of Europe as fast as they could arrive within its territory, and has done all this by a system of taxation so indi­ Total population------____ ·----- 17,556,920 14,638,936 *19. 9 rect as not to be perceived, much less felt. Whites .. ___ .------__ ---- ____ .------11, 361,966 9,007,181 *26.2 Because it is my deliberate judgment that the prosperity of America is Colored ______------______6,194,924 5, 631,749 *10 mainly due to its system of protective laws, I urge that Germany has now ij~~~~d ~~~loint where it is necessary to imitate the tarl.ft system of the Actual wealth ------· ------$9, 751,815, 635 $61.098, 000, 000 *62.5 State debts (net) __ ------____ ------___ _ 8)96, 460, 126 ;r>l18, 195,252 t18.4 8 Total public indebtedness------­ ~183, 772, 353 $189, 345, 464 t3 It is fair and pertinent to add that Germany has followed this Total State revenues .. ------__ .•: . $26, 533, 260 $13, 249, 866 *100 Hankin~ capital. ______------$17t, 690,670 f92, 575, 000 *86.1 advice in a limited degree, and has found it very profitable and Capital mvested during decade ______$2, 339, 170, 000 advantageous to her people and to her material interests. Railroad mileage ______---- 41,118 ------i9;572" ---*iiiij Men employed------­ 188,731 86, 250 *118. 8 HORACE GREELEY'S OPINION. , Cost or railroad equipment, etc-----­ $1, 301,096,740 $612, 000, 000 '*110. 9 Number or manufactories------' 56,714 34, 563 *64. 2 Having given, briefly, the opinions of these two distinguished Capital . ------___ _ $551, 483, 900 1179,366,230 *207 statesmen relative to the benefits of a protective tariff, it seems Value of product ______15742, 865, 200 $315, 924, 704 *135. 2 proper to quote another gentleman no less able, distinguished, Cotton mills .... ---- ____ ------.... 334 161 *107.4 Value ofproducts .... ------­ !54, 191,600 $16,353,182 *231. 4 or clear-headed relative to the terrible financial disturbances in Cotton seed products, value ------­ $27, 310,836 157, 690, 921 *267. 1 our country which have already been examined and described, Pi-'t iron produced, tons ...... •••... 1,684,663 290, 172 *480. 9 and which in every instance occurred under free trade or free­ Steel produced, tons------­ 183,625 4, 380 *4, 121 Coal pl'oduced, tons.------.••• ---· 17,536,456 3, 89...0, 550 *362. 9 trade tariffs. In 1869 Horace Greeley, the great editor, the pro­ Precious metals, value------·­ $712,789 $225,176 *218 found philosopher, the intelligent political economist, wrote as Total millerals, value .•••...... •.. ---­ $35, 608, 615 $3,643,020 "*877. 5 follows: Value or lumber output .•...... -----­ $102, 122, 100 $35, 680, 151 *183. 4 Value of forest products------­ $123, 998, BOO $46,979,062 '*163. 8 Our years or signal disaster and depression have been those in which our Lands under crops, acres------­ 75,551,429 54,679,145 *38.1 ports were more easily fiooded with foreign goods-those which intervened Value ot agricultural machinery, etc. $120, 750, 000 e67, 372,500 *79. 2 between the recognition of our independence and the enactment of the tariff Cotton produced, bales .... ____ ...... 7, 776, 215 5, 733, 675 *3. 6 or 1789; those which followed the close of our last war with Great Britain, Value .: ...... ____ ----.-----.------$3!0, 268, 005 $258, 524, 911 *32. 6 and were signalized by immense importations. of her fabrics; those or Fruit, value ...... ____ ------...... $24,620,500 $9,084, 173 *171_ 1837-'42, when the compromise of 1833 began to·be seriously felt in there­ Total value or !arm-products ...... $984,707, 000 ~n. 679, H5 :f60. 9 duction of duties on imports; and those of 1854-'57, when the Polk-Walker Va.lue, live stock ...... ____ ...... •. $555,905,108 $360, 066, 883 *54. 1 tariff or 1846 had had time to take full effect. Schools._ ...... ______----_------... . 66,647 44, 260 *50. 1 Teachers------... . 74,055 49, 182 *50. 5 It will be observed that these dates correspond exactly with Pupils enrolled·------··-··----- 3,359, 173 2, 018, 640 *67 the four "free-trade periods" already described. It is also his­ Attendance .... ______.··--...... 2,181,109 1, 391, ?43 . *56. 9 $14,767,396 ~ . 607,081 *163.6 torically true that no such financial revulsions have ever occurred School revenues------··- - under either o! the four protective periods of our history. In­ *Increase. tDecrease. telligent Americans will draw their own conclusions as to the desirability of these respective economic systems. As said with singular pertinency to the South by. Ellis H. Roberts, in his work on Government Revenue: AN lli.~GLISHMAN ' S OPINION. The protective clauses of a tariff serve to recruit the armies of labor out Mr. James Bryce, M.P., the author of The American Com­ of the listless and careless, and to make the streams which have been lazily monwealth, a work of rare candor and of great merit, after trav­ bumming the melodies of drowsiness .yocal with the glad choruses of iron and steel and woolen and cotton ana sUK.1 The idle naiads a.re changed into eling over the most of our country and making a careful study ministers or progress and the creators of every blessing of civilization. of the people, the institutions, the industries, and the marvel­ DfPOBTANT DIFFERENCE. ous progress of the United States, thus expressed himself: .... _ With one interval of trade depression it (the United States) ha.s !or twenty I have now brought our "American tariff history" down to years been developing its amazing natural resources so fast as to produce 1892. Much more might have been said, but a small part o! the an amount of wealth which is not only greater, but more widely diffused materials at hand having been used; but I believe that enough through the populations than in any other part of the world, and the peo­ has been utilized to make clear to all the great difference be­ ple allow themselves luxuries such as the masses enjoy in no other country. t ween these two economic systems, and the great superiority of That is an involuntary but invaluable tribute to protection, protection over free trade for our country. I have tried to be which has prevailed here during the period mentioned by Mr. careful and candid in all statements of fact; and to present them Bryce. with strict accuracy. I honestly believe that there is not a A BRITISH VIEW OF THE AMERICAN TARIFF. single statement that can-not be I ully and historically established. The Sheffield (England) Telegraph said: Such being the case, these facts should be carefully and thought­ The promoters of the McKinley tariff meant it to push forward the policy of fully examined and conaider~d by every patriotic American. America !or the Americans. One method of realizing it was to keep all If free trade, under whatever name, invariably produces the work within their own dominions. The country was to be made self-sup­ plying; what could be produced at home was not to be bought abroad. That · results set forth, then we have no further use for free trade in was the keynote or the McKinley scheme, and it is working out the idea or our nation. its designers with the precision and ef'lectiveness of a II1achine. --~- 'rhat it does invariably produce the evil results stated is a fact that can not be truthfully denied nor disproved. It is only by A SIGNIFICANT PARALLEL. sophistical and fallacious reasoning, by bold assumption, or by Let me, in a single paragraph condensed from Henry C. Carey, utterly ignoring all facts, that the free traders are able to make once more place in vivid contrast the actual unvarying results converts. of the two systems, in order that we may be able, safely, and in­ If protectionists will be as earnest and aggressive as are their telligently to decide between them-the OI!.e based entirely upon opponents and keep the realfacts before the American people, unsupported theory; the other founded upon impregnable facts. they need have no fear of the final result. We have had protection in 1789, 1812, 1824,1828,1842, and from · 1861 to date. OPINIONS OF VALUE. We have had free trade or very low tariff in 1783, 1816, 1832, It seems proper and profitable to quote th~ weighty opinions 1846,1857. of the two ablest statesmen produced by the nineteenth century; "Now for the results. one in America, the other in Europe, relative to the value and importance of a protective tariff. UNDER PROTECTION WE HAVE HAD: UNDER FREE TRADE WE HAVE HAD: 1.-Great demand for labor. 1.-Labor everywhere seeking em­ JAMES G. BLAINE'S OPINION. ployment. The country is now in the enjoyment of an industrial system which in a 2.-Wages high aud money cheap. 2.-Wages low and money high. quart>6r or a century has assured a larger national growth, a more rapid 3.-Publicand private revenues large. 3.-Publicand private revenues small accumulation, and a broader distribution of wealth than were ever before and steadily decreasing. known to history. The American people will now be openly and formally 4.-Immigration great and steadily 4.-Immigration declining. asked to decide whether this system shall be recklessly abandoned and a increasing. new trial be made of an old experiment which has uniformly led to national 5.-Public and private prosnerity 5.-Public and private bankruptcy embarrassment and widespread individual distress. On the result of such great beyond all previous prec- nearly universal. -an issue fairly presented to the ·popula.r judgment there is no room for edent. , doub t .-~tterf1'om Florence, Janua1•y 25, 1888. · • 6.-Growing national independence. 6.-Gl:owing p.ational.dependence. On another occasion Mr. Blaine said: Can anyone doubt which system is the better for this country? The benefit of protection goes first and last to the men who earn their Will anyone say these uniform results are mere accidents or co­ bread in the sweat of their faces. The auspicious and momentous result is that never before in the history of the.world has comfort been enjoyed, ed­ incidences? With just as much reason one might say that the ucations acquired, and independence secured by so large a proportion of the rising aad setting of the sun or the recurrence of the tides are total population as in the United States of America. - accidents or coincidences. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MAY 19,

M'KINLEY'S TESTIMONY. all our laborers were getting s uch large and increasino- wages. Because he has expressed my own thought more tersely and and the wealth of the country was growing so great; ald. so the strongly than I could, I will insert here the words of William free traders, undisturbed and ~xpos e d, were permitted to hide McKinley: their leaven of falsehood and ow their seeds of fallacy and as­ With me protection is a conviction, not a theory. I believe in it, a.nd sumption, until, on the morning of November 8, 1892, the pro- · warmly advocate it, because enveloped in it are my country's highest de­ tectionists were astounded when they learned how dangerously velopment and greatest prosperity; out or it comes the greatest gains to the people, the greatest comforts to the masses, the widest encouragement that leaven had worked, and saw the tremendous crop of igno­ for manly aspirations, the best and largest reward for honest efforts, and a rant voters which had sprung from those evil-producing seeds. dignifying and elevating citizenship, upon which the safety and purity and Deceived protectionists, foolishly and inexcusably, had per­ permanency of our political system depen

into effect our export trade with those countries amounted to senta.tion and falsehood~ and it. is ·a discouraging-, but now a $25,283,464:. In"twenty-one months after these conventio!lB were dE-monstrated, fact that the latter were successful by a very concluded our exports to those countries were $42~866t547, an in­ larg~ majority. M'r~ Cleveland and a Democratic Congr~s crease of $17 /}83,083, or about 70 per cent. This increase was were elected; the desire for a change- resulWd, in several States' composed largely of :flour, meats, and other food products, and theretofore Republican~ in electing Democratic or Populist manufactures of cotton, leather, ieon, glass, machinery, etc. It Legislature&,. which in turn el6cted Democratic or Populist was in vain that protectionists held up these twenty treaties and United States Senators., and when the final count was com- _ this great enlargement thereby of the foreign markets calling pleted it was found. that the Democrats had secured the Presi­ for our productions, and the great ad vantage to our working dent and both Houses of Congress and were in a position to people in getting sugar and so many other necessaries of life fulfill all the promises of their platform. free of duty. "Reciprocity," said thefree trader,'' was grossly The results of free-trade success in 1892. have been truly ap­ unfair to Great Britain, and was unconstitutional, a fraud an'd a palling; the present g-eneration of America.ns has never seen or a hum. hug.' This was iterated and reiterated, day by day, for imagined anything like them. I have already pictured the~ many months, with what results let November, 1892, and the and can only add the statement that in some reSpects the present consequent present Democratic Congress make known. · evils are more terrible than. in t.ge former free-trade periods~ A ANOTHER FALSE CHARGE. few men who ha.d studied the tarill history of our country from. '' Prot.ection makes the rich richer and the poor poorer ,., 1783 to 1892, prophesied the evils that would follow Democratic was another charge that was ma1e to do constant service in the success~ and described minutely the impending disasters.. As campaign of.1892 by the free-trade party~ They pointed to the in 184:6, when. the Democrats were in full control of the Go-vern­ long list of millionaires in the n:ttiont and charged this fearful mentrHorace Greeley and others foretold the consequences. that wrongdoing, as the called it, to protection. They conveniently would follow the enactment of a. free-trade tariff, aJI of which . forgot the telling fact that most of thoae rich men ha.d gained came to pass.li terally,. so in 1892 it was possible to prediet the their fortunes in enterprises in no way connected with the tariff; consequences of Democratic success~ and they also f(}rgot to say that the labor of the United States One of the ablest and most far-seeing statesmen. that America. was paid. from two to ten times as much wages as is paid for the has ever-produced was thelateJameaG.Blaine. Ha thus wrote same service in free-trade countries. of a change that he saw must come: Protectionists produced official figures- which. utterly refuted RLA.INE'S PROP1Il£HC w-orms. this faL.::e and ridiculous st.atement. They showed from the offi­ I lave- my coUiltry and my c.ou:ntr:ymen.; I aiiL a.n Ameriean, and I re;toieEt cial rep(}rts thatinNewYorkand KingCounties,N. Y.~in186.0, every day t.ha.t I a.m. I enjoy the general prosperity of my coUilct.ry:, and~ know that the workingmen o1· this country are the best :paid, tha best: fed, the sa.vinga-banks deposits~ nearly all of which belong to wage­ and tha best clothed or any laborers on_ the faee or the earth. Many of them earners, were $4:9,000,000, while in.1890, after thirty years ol pro­ have homes or thilk own -They are 81In'annded by all the eo:mtans and taction~ they were $!21,927,000, a gain of 761 per cent; that in many of the luxuries of lite. I shudder, however; at the. thought that the time must come when all this. will be changed, when. the genera1 prosperity N~w York State, in 186Qt the savings-banks deposits were $58,- of the country will be destroyed~ when the great body of We}rltingmen in 187 000, while in 1890 they were $58~.207 ,000,. a gain of $524.,029,- this la.n.d who are now s.o prosperous w111 hear theirwiYes a.n.d children. cry 000,or 900percent; and that.in the United States such deposits in far bread; t.hat the day _must come when.. tha great factories and ma.nutac­ to'des of this land. will shut down, and wfiere is no)V life and acti~ty th. ere 1860 were $253,200,000, while in 1890-they were $1,629,000,000, a will be tlhe silence of tha tomb. And thi} reason why this m"tlSt be ro is this-: gain of $1,376,000,000, or 640 per cent. But these statements all The great. Southern wing of thtl Dem.oer:a.ti.~ party are dete-rmined to estab­ fell on deaf earst as did the other fact that the entire gain in lish the doctrine of free trade in this land. '1'hey will be. assi3ted. by their Nor them allies. There is a great body of visionary, but educated men, who savings-banks deposits in England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and are employed day by day in writing free-trade essays and arguments in favor the Channel Islands .from 1860 to 1886, under the benign sway of of the doctrln.e, whieh fihd their way to evezy newspaper in. the. land. Tha free tradet was only $i36,000,000, or- $33,623,00(} less than the great body of our people have never experienced themselves the s'llfferings which always result. when protective -principles a.re laid aside. gain~ the single State of New York under protection. Poisoned and excited by the wlld statements of thesewr!t&rs, and the IGNORANCE. OF TARIFF HISTORY. demagogic appeals of the Democratic speakers. th..e result w1ll be tha:t in th&-, VeJ!Y near future those forces which are now wor.king Will be strong enough. The workingmen of the country knew-in 1892'th.a.t their wages to defeat at the polls the party advocating the doctrine of protection. It had been incre::tsed after the passage of the McKinley act; they mustinevitablyrollowthat uncertaintyan.a doubt will ensue. The-business men of the country. fearing the destruction of the principles of protection, knew that the increase in production in the same period had been will decline to engage in business; consequently mills will shut down, and marvelous; they knew that there had been a great. increase. in the W01'ldngman will be thrown out of employment. The people will then the number of mills and factories of the count.ry; they knew that see as they have never seen be.tore, that they can not be prosperous and have many tin-plate works had been erected and a new industry worfi:: while this principle is tlireatened. In the midst o! their su:1ferings' they will learn. that the only way they can be 'Prosperous and h~py is to vote thereby established· they knew that reciprocity was not a hum­ for the party that ha~ built up the industries by which they have gained a. bug, but a great and splendid- successi they knew that it was livelihood; because they will then see clearly that when the manufactory is false that the rich were growing rieher and the poor poorer shut down there is no demarul fo.r the oniy thing which they nave to sen, under protection, and that the truth was that the rich and the and that is their labOl'. • . poor were both growing richer, and that this last statement was In the light o:f theeventsthathave oocurred since November, demonstrated by the report of the savings banks of the eoun try; 1892', we can see that every· word of that-remarkable statement they knew that it was false that the workingman paid an extra. has been literally fulfilled; and many will think that Mr. Biain& 25 cents for his family dinner, bacause they knew that he did not. must have been inspired to foresee so correctly what would so have a mouthful of food on his table that paid one cent of duty; speedily come to pass; but it was not inspiration at all. He but they did not know that afree-trade tariff, or even the threat simply applied to conditions which he knew would arise a prin4 of it, had, without exception, been death to all active industries, ciple which the history of our country for over a hundred years and the destruction of every business except those of the sheriff, had proved to be a.s invariable as the law of gravitation, and as the undertaker, and the charity soup houses-and so they were inexorable. That principle has already been stated, but can given over to believe the free-trade lies, that they might be in­ properly be repeated: Whenever free trade or a tariff for rev­ enue only has prevailed,_ or there has been a thre.at of either, dustrially damned. They believed the free-trade promises1 they voted for and elected their tickett and now they knO\v-a good with a probability that that threat would be executed-we have deal more than they did in November, 1892. had widespread business depression, lack of oon:fiiience-, lack of credit, stoppage o.f. business, lack of employment, bankruptcy, THE CAMPAIGN OF 1892. disorder-~ and ruin, with all their attendant evil consequences. 1892.-The Democratic national convention of 1892 said~ This rule is not a.. matter of opinion, nor of argument, but. of We denounce the Republican policy of prutection as· a. fraud on the labor flte:rn, impartial, and unimpeachable hist01~y. A few facts per­ or the great majority of theAmerican people for the benefit of the few. We declare it to be a. fundamental principle of the D~mocra.tic- party-that the f.ainllig to the condition of some of our industries will readily Federal Government has no constitutional power to impose and collect tarttr show whether the rule just stated is still in operation. duties, except for the purposes of revenue only. *" • *" We denounce the McKinley tariff law a.s the cUlminating atrocity of class legislation, * * * STRIKING CO'NTRASTS. and we promise its repeal as one or the beneficent results that will follow Some contrasm may properly be made betw~en 1892, when the­ the action or the people in intrusting power to the Democratic party. McKinley tariff was in unimpeded and happy operation, and The Republican party met thia issue fairly and squarely; and 189~, when by the election of a free-trade President and a Con­ by mutual consent the tariff question became the leading issue gress, with nearly a hundred Democratic majority-and all in the campaign. Benjamin Harrison for the second time 'was elected upon a platforiil, which H denounced the Republican pol­ the candidalie of the Republicans and protectionists, and Gro­ icy of protection as a fraud upon labor," "that the Federal ver Cleveland for the third time was the candidate of the Demo­ Government has no cunstitutional power to imp-ose and: collect crats, free traders, and Mugwumps.. The character of the cam­ tariff duties except for the purpose of revenue only;" "that de­ paign has already been indicated. One party rested upon official nounced the McKinley tariff law as a culminating atrocity," and f~cts and demon~trate~ results, the ~th.er upon. baseless assump­ that ''-promised its repeal " in. case of su~cess; and denied t~t tions and downr1ght m1srepresentat10ns. One party trusted in there had been" any increase of prosperity to- the country" the intelligence of the American people, the other in m:isrepre- under that law. Up to this time the McKinley tariff has not 4976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MAY 19,

been repealed by enactment of Congress, but has been practi­ $949,459,114. If even free-trade capitalists enjoy this shrinkage, cally repealed since election day inNovember, 1892. Succeeding they have wisely kept that fact to themselves. so overwhelmingly upon such a platform, the country had a right The decrease in the value of farm products, wheat, corn, oats, to expect that they WOlfld live up to their promises and decla­ and cotton was $363,500,000 in 13g3, and the farmers are not rations. ThP business men of the nation in all industries pre­ happy over this fact. They were promised that if they would pared themselves for the change by curtailing manufactures; vote for the free-trade ticket and elect it the price of wheat by reducing wages and discharging laborers; by buying smaller should be from $1.25 to $1.50 per bushel. The farmers, many of stocks of goods, and only what was needed for the time, and by them, carried out their part of that agreement, but the price of stopping all proposed new industries. wheat is not $1.50 a bushel, but has been selling at 25 to 40 cents The decrease in savings-bank deposits in 1893 shows the terri­ instead to the farmer. ble distress that afilicted our laborers in that year more vividly THE DECREASE IN SHEEP AND WOOL. • than anythinD' else. Savings-bank deposits are held sacred by The report of the Commissioner of Agriculture, January, 1894, their owners,oand nothing but dire necessity will tempt them to shows that during 1893 several million of sheep have been withdraw such money. On January 1,1890, the year the Mc­ slaughtered, and that the value of American sheep fell in 1893 Kinley act was passed, the deposits held in the savings banks of fi•om $125,000,000 to less than $90,000,000, a dead loss of-over $35,- New York State were $550,066,657; on January 1, 1891, they 000,000. Add to this the decline in the value of wool and of. amounted to $574,666,972-a gain . of $24,603,315 over 1890; on farms and ranches heretofore devoted to sheep and wool raising~ January 1, 1892, they amounted to $588,425,420-a gain of $13,- which is not less than the loss in the value of sheep, and the 755,448 over 1891; on January 1,1893, they amounted to $625,358,- farmers are permitted to "enjoy' for the benefit of the great 274-a gain of $!0,932,854 over 1892. And now, on January 1, principle of free trade an additional loss of $70,000,000. All the 1894, fourteen months after the great free-trade landslide, what loss under this head has been caused by the threat (now incor­ do we find? For the first time in many years a loss, and a de­ porated in the Wilson bill) to put wool on the free list; whic:P. cided loss. The deposits were $617,089,448, a decrease of $12,- will place the farmers'in competition with Austra.Ua. and South 268,824 from January 1,1893, and makes the startling difference America, and render sheep and wool raising an impossibility of $53,201,678less of the savings of laborers in 1893 than in 1892. here on account of the great difference between the cost of rais­ In 1893 the large sum of $187,347,239 was deposited in the sav­ ing them in those countries and in the United States. ings banks of New York State, but the prodigious sum of $221,- By means of protection our sheep-raising and woolgrowing 865,330 was withdrawn, showing that the sum of .$34,518,091 was industries have been established, our one million flock masters withdrawn over and above the sum deposited-another telling have invested therein $200,000,000, and they pay out in wages "object lesson." These · figures are for New York only; but every year the sum of $24,000,000; our manufacturers of \voolens there is no reason why the situation in New York should differ have invested over $300,000,000 in three thous~nd factories, and from that of other States. paid their employ~s annually $76,000,000 in wages. Let wool The decrease in trade in the United States for the year end­ now be put on the free list, and these splendid and helpful in­ ing March 31, 1894, with the threat of free trade hanging over dustries will go to the wall, their owners will be ruined, and us, and with a party in full power able and anxious to enforce their employ~s will lose their annual wages of $100,000,000 and that threat, as compared with the year ending March 31, 1893, be thrown into the street with nothing to do. with the McKinley tariffin prosperous operation, is an unspeak­ ably terrible "ObJect lesson." THE DECREASE IN RAILR-OAD VALUES The following figures collected by Bradstreet's, that most In 1893 is something really astonishing. In 1892 most of the careful and reliable authority, tell a story that carries its own railroads of the country had all the business they could attend moral, and needs no elaboration. to, and were thoroughly prosperous, the gross earnings· being Let us look at the figures during the twelvemonth when folly 5 per cent larger than ever before; but the unexampled falling ruled. and during the previous twel vernon th when indus try ruled. off in business and freights in 1893 caused seventy-three com­ Thus 'in fifty-five American cities the volume of business was as panies to fail and go in to the hands of receivers. These roads had follows during the two periods: · a mileage of about 32,000 miles, and represented in their stocks and bonds the mighty sum of $1,611,284,000. This is a disagree­ able showing for the unfortunate bond and stock holders, but it Month. 1893. 1892. is only another of. the interesting" objectlessons" which are so valuable in "educating" our people to see the beauties and bless­ April . ---- ___ : __ ------'.. ---- ~ - ~ ------u,918 , 819,872 ~ . 066, 679, 409 ings of tariff reform for revenue only, i. e., free trade. May . _----.-.------·· ---- 5, 244, 502, 329 5, 014,020, 107 HOW THE THREAT OF FREE TRADE AFFECTS WAGES A.ND WAGE-EARNERS. June ...... ----.... ------...... ______...... 4-, 524, 609,767 4, 915, 758, 398 July------.------4-, 137,669, 864 4, 6ZT, 501, 7'7'J As we have already seen, during 1892 every artisan or laborer 3, 346, 213, 938 4, 513, 168, 512 who wanted work had as much as he could do and at the very t~~Jber·::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3, 311, 635, 037 4, 779, 284,710 highest wages; thereby he was enabled to obtain for himself and October------._------.... ------.... ----...... 3, 983, 596, 363 5, 470, 507, 243 November------...... 4-, 051,057, 546 5, 443, 235, 918 his family without difficulty all the necessaries of life and many December------··------4, 022, 103, 857 5, 969, 609,520 added comforts and luxuries. At the close of 1893, according to 1894. 1893. Mr. Gompers, the labor leader, fully 3,000,000 of laborers in the January ------·------·------4, 029,847,098 5, 920,159,634 United States who were willing to work, and who had work in February------3, 188,430,434 5,056,076, 352 1892, were idle, or working only half time or less; the wages of .March------...... ·--- ____ ...... ------3, 728,682,741 - 5,391,187,900 those who had work, with very few exceptions, were reduced Totals------...... ------~ - ...... 4.8,487, 169,8161 62,167, 984,476 from 10 to 50 per cent. Statistics collected by Bradstreet's in De­ cember, 1893, showed that in 119 cities that reported there were 801 ,000 persons in enforced idleness, and that there were de­ By subt1~ a.cting the figures of 1893-'94 rom those of 1892-'93, pendent upon these idle employes 1,953,000 persons. As the we shall .find a t-otal loss in business transactions during the first greater proportion of these laborers were dependent upon their year of "Cleveland and tariff reform" amounting w $13,680,- daily or weekly wages, when their wages disappeared they had 814,660; and if the losses of the other parts of the country had to be fed by public cha.l'ity. been added, it is estimated that the frightful total would not be During the winter of 1893-'94: the suffering among the unem­ less than $16,000,000,000, a sum equal to the entire national ployed and their families in the cities of New York and Brook­ wealth of the United States in 1860, or to put it in another way, lyn was beyond the power of pen or tongue to describe. Indeed, the losses to our national business during the first year of real, there has been nothing like or approaching it since the memor­ unimpeded " Cleveland and reform " were equal to the entire able winter of 1857, near the close of the Walker tariff period. savings and accumulations of all our people in every State and That occurred during the "blessed era." of the free-trade tariff Territory from the landing of the Pilgrims .in 1620 to 1860, a of 1846; this under the threat of the free-trade bill of 1893. Then period of two hundred and forty years. it was difficult to get work, and wages were at the lowest. Now Let us go a little further with our comparisons, and we shall carefully selected statistics show that since November 8, 1892, find that the losses for the year ending Marcli 31, 1894, averaged labor has decreased 61 per cent, and in the same period the a billion and one-third of dollars for each and every month of wao-es of labor have decrea.sed 69t per cent. The similarity be­ that time, which fact means about $250 less money distributed tw;en;these two winters and periods are very striking, and proves in that year to every man, woman, and child in the United States that both belong to the same free-trade system. A careful than was done in the preceding year. census in January, 1894, disclosed the startling fact that there The failures in business in 1893 were 15,560, or. about 52 per were in New York City and Brooklyn at least140,000 unemployed oont more than in 1892; and the liabilities of 1893 were $460,000,- persons who neither had nor could get work or wages, upon 000 against liabilities of $108,000,000 in 1892. whom over 400,000 persons were dependent for their l,upport · The shrinkage in value of stocks just nine months after the and maintenance. election of a free-trade President and Congress amounted to To supply these persons with only two meals require() over 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 4977

800,000 meals a day from the hands of charity; and besides these and more than he could do, and received therefor the h-igh~ were thousands who would not report themselves until the last est wages ever paid for labor since the creation of man; our for­ pangs of hunger drove them to ask for relief. Soup houses and eign commeree amounted to almost $2,000,000,000, a sum un­ relief stores were opened in many places in the two cities, and precedented and never before approached in our history; our the stories of want, hunger, distress, and acute suffering were domestic commerce reached the astounding aggregate of $50,- heartrending-all the more so because they w~re true. Ohe of 000,000,000; our exports were over $202,000,000 greater than our the best-known citizens of these two cities, a gentleman who has imports, while our import were many millions of dollars larger devoted much time and given much money in assisting the poor than ever before; our national wealth increased verynearly $3,- and needy for over twenty years, stated publicly that it required 000,000,000 in 1892 ;.- our national receipts were hundreds of mil­ $100,000in cash every day inprivatecontributionstofeed, clothe, lions of dollars more than our expenditures; our credit was good and provide for this great crowd of the unemployed and their and we had the confidence of the whole ·world; in short, there families in these two cities. In 1892, before the complete success never was a nation or a people that realized such wonderful of free trade in electing both Houses of Congress and the Presi­ prosperity and advancement as we realized and enjoyed in 189~. dent, the greater part of this mighty army had work and could 1893.-Now, look on this picture: How was it at the end of and did support themselves; but now, with only the threat of 1893? Between November, 1892, when Mr. Cleveland was free tl'ade over us, New York and Brooklyn, in addition to the elected, and his inauguration in March, 1893, our industrial and vast sums spent by the public authoriti~s, are contributing $100,- financial skies had become very dark; and gloomy; our magnifi­ 000 a day, or $3,0UO,OOO a month, to keep these unfortunate vic­ cent confidence had disappeared, our credit was becoming doubt­ tims of a British free-trade policy from death by cold and starva­ ful, and within afew weeks the storm burst in terrible and dev­ tion. astating fury all over our land. What then must be the tremendous aggregate required to pro· Taking it in all respects, 1893 was the most awful and depress­ · vide for the 3,000,000 unemployed laborers: and their families! ing since we became a nation. More than one·half of our mills At 30 cents a day for each person, it would amount to $27 ,OOO,QOO and factories either had closed down or were running on part every month, or over $300,000,000 a year. Many of those now time; freights, both by land and water, had fallen off tremen­ out of work voted for the free-trade candidates; but doubtless it dously, and a large proportion of our railroads in the United States was through ignorance and deception that they did it; and the were bankrupt and in the hands of receivers, because they had elections of 1893 and 1894 to date seem to prove that through Mr. not enough business to pay the expenses of operating them; our Cleveland's school of "object lessons" they have become suffi­ blast furnaces were mostly blown out, and our mines closed; our ciently" educated" to know that their interests are not im­ manufacturers and builders found but very little to do; our mer­ proved by a system that destroys our industries and turns our chants were all buying only for the day or week; all business laborers into the streets to beg or starve. men were afraid of to-morrow; more than two millions ( Gom~ The Wilson bill, which has passed the House and is now before pers says three millions) of workers were idle, because there the Senate, is an elaborate attempt to carry out the principles, was no work; and as m~ny more were working from one to three on the subject of a tariff, that were incorporated into the Demo­ days per week. cratic platform at Chicago in 1892. Its author, Mr. Wilson, and The two cities of New York and Brooklyn were dealing out char­ itssuoporters, claim that it is closely modeledafter'the Walker ity to between two hundred thousand and three hundred thousand taritr'act of 1846, which has been fully described and the evil re­ per day, and taxjng themselves over a undred thousand dollars sults of which have been pointed out. The Wilson bill as re­ a day in cash to house, feed, and clothe the needy, in addition to ported and as it passed the House was a thorough free-trade bill the amount given the public authorities, because those needy in effect, whatever may have been the intention of its author. ones had neither work nor money; our foreign commerce bad - It struck down at a blow all the leading industries of the country fallen off over $35,000,000, and our domestic commerce a much by :putting iron ore, coal, wool, lumber, and many o,ther leading larger sum; our national wealth had decreased in value nearly articles upon the free list. It was fought earnestly and well by $9,000,000,000, almost 'as much as the late rebellion cost the Republicans, but was made a-party measure and pushed through country. Up to the present time there has been no visible im­ the House without answering or honestly attempting to answer provement. In IMarch, 1894, our public debt increased over the facts and arguments against it. As it came to the Senate it $13,000,000, and the Secretary of the Treasury informs us that was inimical and dangerous to the business interests of several the fiscal year that will close June 30! 1894, will show that our States which were represented in the Senate by Democrats. expenditures will exceed our receipts by $78,000~000; in short, These Democratic Senators from those States have declared there never was a nation or people in all history that ever real­ that they would ild\ vote to strike down the business interests ized in one year such appalling adversity and disaster, such ma­ of their respective States by supporting the bill in that shape; terial and industrial paralysis and destruction as we suffered in and therefore, withoutoany regard to their professedly "sacred 1893, and still suffer. principles," it was amended so as not tO interfere with cer­ tain interests; apparently not because they thought it right or A QUEs:riON AND .AN .ANSWER. honest so to do, but merely to secure the votes of a sufficient Let me ask why the magnificent prosperity in 1892, and why number of Democratic Senators to carry the bill through the the unspeakable losses, distress, and destruction of 1893? There Senate. It is certain that the discussion on the bill will be a very is, ther,e can be, but one answer to this question, if we regard long one, and there is a doubt in many minds whether it will the striking-contrast between 1892 and 1893 in the light of the na­ ever become a law. Its professed objects are to increase our tional experiences we have passed through since 1783. The . home industries p.nd enable us "to capture the markets of the main cause, then, the real reason for this terrible change, these world;" but should it become a law, either as it passed th~House frightful losses in wealth and in business, this-utter lackof con­ or in its amended form, its effects will be not to increase, fidence which everybody has in everybody else, is the fact that but to destroy our home industries, and instead of capturing the in November, 1892, a majority of both Houses of Congress and markets of the wOl'ld we shall tamely give to the world our own an Executive were elected upon a platform that declared pro­ home markets, the grandest and best ever yet created. tection "a fraud, a robbery, and unconstHutional," the McKin­ .ANOTHER CONTRAST: 1892 VS. 1893. ley bill a" culminating atrocity," and who were pledged to re­ Mr. Cleveland in the summer of 1893 intimated that the Amer­ move and overthrow protection, and substitute therefor either ican-people needed and might get certain "object lessons," to free trade or a tariff for revenue only, which is practically the teach them their political duties. Whether or not they needed same thing. ' them, it is quite certain that they have had them, and have had AN ODIOUS TAX. all they want of that kind. Look on the two pictures as pre- That threat of such a great economic change has been strongly sented by the years 1892 and 1893. , intensified by the Wilson bill, which is a crude and vain attempt 1892.-In the twelve months ehding December 31, 1892, we to materialize a theory. It was conceived in economic igno­ / had produced and consumed more than in any other former year rance, and brought forth in selfish sectionalism . . Its income-tax of our history; and this country was enjoying the highest de­ clause is an evident attempt tt> levy three-fourths oi all moneys gree it had ever attained, economically, industrially, and finan­ that shall be collected under its provisions from the Eastern cially. Every mill and every factory was runni!::g at its fullest and Middle States, while at the same time striking down all capacity; every vehicle of transportation, whether by rail or their leading industries. Its provisions are so obnoxious and water, had all and mora than it could carry; oue output of pig repugnant that even so intense and partisan a DemoCJ'at as Sen­ iron was 1,000,000 tons more than in 1891! and 2,000,000 tons ator HILL of New York spoke of it in the Senate on Apr.il 9, greater than that of Gre::tt Britain in 1892· everv blast furnace 1894, as follows: and every mine was running day and night, and ·could not then An extreme reduction of tariff duties at a time when the Treasury wa.s fill its orders; we produced 200, COO tons of steel rails in 1892 swollen with a snrpltis of a hundred millions of dollar s, when.the country mqre than in 1891; every manufacturer and builder had all and was really prosperous. when a.ll our indust!:'ies were in motion, and all our workingmen employed, assumed a different aspect and presents a different more t~an he could do; e very workingman, whether the ordi­ question, when proposed now with a. large and growing Treasury deficitrin­ nary laborer or the skilled artisan, who wanted work, had all stea.d of a surplus staring us 1n the face, with our industries paralyzed. our

XXVT--~12 4978 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-SENA.TE. MAY 19,

manufactories closed, our workingmen idle, and following upon the heels The SECRETARY. Strike out paragraph 88 and insert: of the most disastrous financial panic in our history. * " * It is a nov­ elty in Ameriean politics to make its conclusions and procedures delfber­ Green and colored, molded 01~ pressed. a.nd. fiint and lime glass bottles, a.tely orrensive. lt is like making religion immoral and Ul'banlty noisy in holding more than l quart, and demijohns and carboys (c over~d or un­ order to command and propagate them. covered), whether filled or unfilled, and whether their contents be dutiable * * * To double the deiicit of · 78,000,000 by way of ending it; to discard or free, other molded or pressed green and colored and fiim. or lime bottle $76,000,000 of annual revenue in order tocollecttwice as much in other ways; glassware, not specially provided for in thiS act, three-fourths of 1 cent per to embody tariff reform; as the President imagines himself to be doing 1n pound~ and vials holding not more than 1 quart and not less than one­ his scheme to substitute direct taxes for the tariff taxe.s which were to be quarter of a pint, 1! cents per pound; if holding less than one-fourth of a reformed; to reconstruct all the schedules instead of amending or disca-rd­ pint, 40 cents per gross. .All other plain green and colored, molded or ing one group at a time, the worst fu-st, and each upon its own demerits; to pressed and fiint a.nd lime and gi_as -ware, 40 per cent ad valorem. • disturb and distress as many business men as possible, and aJl at once, in­ stead of a few at a time-is not a programme petlectly matured and suited Mr. SHEB:t-.1AN. Do I understand that paragraphs 84, 85, to conduct the policy a.nd principle of tariff reform unimpaired through a and 86 have been passed over? period of general business prostration, public deficit, and private bank­ ruptcy. "' "' * This bill proposes a suicidal policy when it seeks by its ex­ Mr. ALDRICH. Yes. tl·eme provisions t.o discard numerous rea.sonabl,e tariff duties, and thereby Mr. JONES of Arkansas. They were passed over at there­ imperil many industries. quest of the Senator from Rhode Island, who was not ready to If this is the best that can be said in behalf of the Wilson bill take them up. by an intense Democra..t and an earnest advocate of a tariff for · Mr. SHERMAN. All right. I myseli de.sire to offer some revenue only, is it any wonder that protectionists and all busi­ amendments to those paragraphs. ness men are terrified? And is it not fair that all the frightful Mr. PLATT. I should be glad to knew how the amendment losses and calamities of 1893 should be. charged directly to that offered by the Senator from Arkansas differs from the one Democratic threat of free trade? printed in the text as it was read. I ask that it be read again. The income· tax section of the Wilson bill is strongly opposed The Secretary again read the amendment. by most Republicans, who will continue the most strenuous op­ Mr. ALDRICH. .Alter hearing the paragrat>h readisuggest position until it is either killed or- enacted into a law. Its chief to the Senator from Arkansas that it will probably be necessary ·· advocates are the ultra Cleveland Democrats and the Populists. to insart before the words " and vials " the words "all of the It is meeting .wit~ .fierce opposition from many conservative above~~, so that there shall be a connection between the two Eastern Democrats. The Brooklyn Eagle, a leading Democratic classes of glassware. paper and a zealous advocate of afre&-trade tariff, says it" would Mr. JONES of ArkansaB, The two clauses oi the parag1·aph prefer the McKinley t:lri.ff without an income tax to the Wilson are connected by the word "and." Theee can be no dilliculty bill with an income tax." Its leading editorial April luis ex­ about the construction1 in. my judgment. ceedingly bitter, but is a fair expression. of Democratic feeling Mr. ALDRICH. Upon a casual readingofitl think there might in•the East, and an encouragement to ~publicans to make every ~e: ?u t still I am perfectly willing to let it go for further exam­ effort to defeat it. The Eagle.'s articla is, in part, as follows: ma.tlon. An income t~x is undemocranc. It is the negation of demooratic prin­ Mr. JONES of Arkansas. It can be amended1 i1 it is subje-ct ciples. No national Democratic platform has- favored it. It is. a strange to criticism. doctrine. It is new matter. It is a surprise on the party. It is an outrage Mr. ALDRICH. The intention of the committee is very plain. on justice-, equity, and. fair p1ay. Itl i3. a mon.strous pr-opo it ion. It it~ one which, apparently le-veled at the- rich, would really fall on the poo:-. ..d.ny­ Mr. JONES of Ark:!Lnsas. It iP, to connect the two branches ta.x on incomes of any amount would be collected by l~ndlo:t:ds in in<'reased of the paragraph; there is 11.0 questiorr about that. rents, and by employers trom employes in d~creased wage . It is a ~c erne The PR'E:!SIDJNG OFFICER. The question is on ao-rea:l:ng or sectional revenge. The ~orth put down the rebellion. Its survi>ing sol­ diers- have bee-n liberally pensioned. That t..u: is i ntende..l as one of reprisal to the amendment proposed by the Senator from Arkan~as. ~ on the North, whtll'e the wealt]l is, by tlle South, whenc!l como most of the The a mend men t was agreed to. votes for such a tax. Such a. bill is n6ithe~ Republican nor D~mocrati o. It The Secretary read the next paragraph w-hich had been passed is Populist. It is socialism. It is tha very next. thing to communism. It 1'1 the reversal o! what Amarioanism has- stood for. Such a tax is abhor­ over, a~ follows: rent.. indefensible, and ought to ba impossible. m ..6.11 arricl.e of glass. cut, engraved, painted, colOl'ed, printed, sta.iD.O before the words" per cent," tQstr-ike out ' thirty-five" and im:ert '' f.ort_y . ~' CONCLUSION-WHAT IS THE REMEDY? ... The amendmen.t was agreed to. First, kill the Wilson bill and every similar measure th.a.t ITlllY The SeoretMy rend the next paragraph w hi4lh had been passed be offered as a substitute for it; then let Congress declare that ove.r, as. follows: - the tariff question shall not be further agitated by the presen.t 00, Allglass lluteople of this great country, compete with the foreign cut glass, except in some matters of whose highest interests are at staliein the legislation which we special patterns, where they are able to sell the American prod­ are now considering. uct by reason of the pattern or style of the article or as to arti­ The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. BLANCHARD in the chair). cles not cut by foreign manufacturers. The cutting of glass in At the close of the session last evening Schedule C, metals and this country is now practically confined to those articles which, manufactures of, had been reached. · by reason of their styles and patteens, are called for in the Mr. JONES of Arkansas. Yesterday at my request certain American market, and which are not produced by foreigners. para,g-raphs in the glass schedule were passed over. I suggest We have in the city where I 1:eside a cut-glass manufactory; that the Senate return to the consideration of paragraph 88. I and I know that this is true of that establishment. The pro­ propose, an amendment, to strike out the proposed paragraph prietor or manager of the establishment has also an establish­ and insert what I send to the desk. - ment in England, and that the wages paid in this country.are The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment will be read. just about three times what are paid in England there can be 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-BEN ATE. 4979 no doubt, for he has shown me the pay rolls of his factories here liquor bottlers or wholesale dealers, the public payi'Qg just the same as it did before as the reduced p-rice on a single bottle is too utterly insignifi­ and his factory abroad. . cant to ai?ect the selling price of the article, be it brandy, wine, beer, mine­ Where a person in England gets $7 a week, the same class of ral water, or patent medicine. We believe we are simply being robbed fo1 labor gets $21 in this country; and he assures me-and he has as the benefit of those who are already wealthY:. good reason for knowing what he is talking about as any man I know this man, and I amsureall that he sa.ys i-st1~ue accord­ can possibly have, having an cstablishmen~ in ~ngland and C!lle ing'to his belief. In my judgment, therefore, any reduction of in this country-that he can not compete m thiS coun.try w1th the duties on this class of manufactures wili not only be injurious the common cut glass which is imported. - to the laboring men who make these articles, but it will be of I have not been able, not knowing that this schedule was com­ no benefit to the public at large. Glass and all materialg of that ing up this morning, to bring to.the Senate his statement about kind are very cheap in this country, and the whole cost of them it. I should be very glad to do 1t. is in labor. The materials which enter into their composition, Cut glass is a luxury, and thereforer as it. seems to m~, the sand and oth,er articles of that kind, a:;re as cheap as anything duty is not too high upon it as it stands. Cut glass is nota neces­ can be. Therefore, e't/'ery benefit you confer by a duty on the sary of life; it is a luxury, for which peopl~ should pay as they production of an article of that kind is shared by the working­ pay for other luxuries. ...,...._ men. There is no- do:ubt about that. With re()" a~d to the ordinary kinds of cut glass, the fact is The amount of capital employed in one of these establishments that they ~re imported into this country as cheaply as an hon­ is not very gr-ea~ but we have in that part of Ohio, including est cut-glass manufacturer can import the blanks. How it is only two or three counties, an enormous industry of this kind, done I do not undertake to say; but it isonly a short time since which has been built up within the last twenty or thirty years. my attention was called to this subj~ct by the workingmen, the East Liverpool, on the Ohio River, I know a few years ago was union of cut-glass workers in this establishment in my own city but an insignificant villag~, and now it is a large and flourishing pi Meriden; and they showed me then that cut-glass bottles, city, full of these various kinds of establishments, nat only glass cruets, vinegar bottles, the ordinary style of cut-glass bottles, workS', but porcelain worksJ and they make the very finest kind were sold in the markets in this country as cheap as the blanks of porcelaii!-probably not equal to the very best made in Eu~ out of which they are made can be imported without under- rope, but good enough for anybody- they also _make crockery; valuation. . and to reduce the duty on these articles will affect all thes-e· pffO~ I apprehend that all of this glass schedule is open to the criti­ pie, for they are all in the same boat. cism which I now make on it, In the Ifouse this kind of cut I have another letter here upon this subject which I shall not glass was put at 35 per cent ad valorem, and the Committee on take time to read, but in which it is stated that nearly every Finance in the Senate has, in its liberality~ increased that 5 per man who is among the proprietors of these establishments w-as cent. I suppose somebody will go away and claim that that is a once a laboring man, and all oi thentworkt even those who con· pretty fair duty,and that we ought to be content with it.. To my duct the business still work by the side of their workmen. mind it does not help the matter t.o have a duty which is abso­ _This is only an employment which is all labor, and oothing lutely destructive to that industry slightly increased, and still else; but the men who have labored in times P!"Str when they be just as destructive; and yet we are asked to bke_1t, because have saved a. little money, go into a partner-sh1p, and. become it is an increase over the rate fixed in the Wilson bt11. themselves the m!lnag-ers and owners Of this kind OJ proper;ty. I think I know enoogh about, the glass-cutting industry to This business is now in the saddest. stat-e of depression. All know that it can not survive in this country to any considerable along the Ohio River and all along the line of the Fort Wayne extent upon a duty of 40 per cent; that the. duty under ,the M~ road there are gmokestacks now idle and establishments run-­ Kinley law of 60 per cent was not such as to enable the mdustry ning at short pay. They are all manufacturi!lg this kind of to make great headway in this country, and was not enough workthere::::::-glasswal'e, porcelain, pottery, or bnck. They make to enable those engaged in it to fairly compete with the foreign all kinds of work. They are interested in almost every item ~~~. - contained in the schedule about which we are talking. I am As I said when I rose, I do not suppose tha.t wha.t I have said glad the Senate ha&raised the rates of the duties somewhat, but will have any effect upon the matter or upon the action o-f the it seemg to me they havec not gone far enough~ lf they choose Senate; but I do want t~ protest here against the- idea that the to lower the rate of duty provided for in the McKinley la.w-, let manufacturers ar,e receiving any fair treatment or any fair con­ them do it with some rel.ation to what has been promised the sideration, or are gettin~ any duty which will enable them to persons who have engaged in this manuf~cture. All these works maintain their industry m thrs country because,forsooth, there have been built up on the fait::t of promises given in the act of )las been a5 per cent ad. valorem increase from thedutyin the bill 1890. Why they should be distUI'bed. I can not see. It does not as it came from the House of Representatives, do gooll to any body. !t only induces the competition offoreign Mr. SHER~IAN. Mr. President, I do- not intend to follow labor with these men who are laboring in the most simple !orms our friends on the other side of the Chamber in making attempts of industry. _ to change this bill; but he1'e is an item about which I have in­ I trust that the amemdment p1·o~ed by the _Senator. fr:pm formation, and which I think everyone would be willing to hear. Connecticut [Mr. PLATT] will be adopted, and tha.t similar It comes from a laboring man whom I know. He is secretary of amendments will be made as we g·o along in the whole schedule. a labor union in Massillon1 Ohio, somewhat noted now because I hope the Senators who have charge of this measure will gi.ve of another distinguished character who came from there; but to these laboring men some protection. IIere is good ground, this is a laboring man, who tells the exact situation of the busi­ where protection goes directly to the men who earn the money. ness in which he is engaged, that of making bottles: If you will give thein that protection which will enable them to The gla.ssworkers of this distriet earnestly desire your in.te:rest in their carry on th~il" honorable b~siness they.. will1 no dou bt1 supersed~ behalf when the ta.rifl' bill comes up for considtlration. The changes in the in a short time all the: foreign production that come m compett­ glass-bottle schedule that have been. adopted bJ the House are of ~ch a. sweeping and radical nature that our trade w11l be wrecked should 1t go tion with them. into errect. Tlte r-emarkable rasult has occurred already within. twenty Wages of all employes in the business will be cut a.t least 50 per cent, and years that the cost of all this grade of goods has gone down to even then it is a. problem whether with that red11Ct1on we Will be a.b!e to exist. Already in anticipation of the passage or t'he b1ll are we asked to less than one-half. submit to a25 per cent reduction, and we are in despair at the gloomy pros­ Mr. ALDHICH. To about one-third. pect before us. Fol' the past eight months but 61 furnaces out. of a total of Mr. SHERMAN. To about-one-third and perhaps less. $o 123 in the country have been at work, With the inevitable resfilt o:r s111rer1ng 1 and destitution among the unemployed workmen, and if the bill is passed as that now an outfit for an ordinary family setting out in life, it now is more factories will be closed, workmen turned adrift, and wages crockery and q_ ueensware of all kinds necessary for househo~d reduced to practically the European level, and all the prosperity o:l: OUl' purposes, can be procured at a cost of ten or fifteen dollars. This trade gone forever. _ When om~conunittee appeared before the Ways and Means Committee is a kind of industry in which no aristocrat or capitalist is inter­ and pleaded our cau e they were given to understand that they had pre-­ ested. The capitaiists are the men who work at the industry: sented the very best showing of any that had come before th~m, showing and they are the men who ought to be protected. that the present duty was not too high; yet in the face of that admitted fact. the duty was cut from what is equal to 80 per cent ad valorem to 30 per cent, Mr. VEST. Mr. President, we have been promised since thE one of the deepest cuts in the whole bill. The keen competition in the glass­ construction of the first tariff bill that the time would,certainly bottle trade of late years has brought prices down so low that any further come when there would be no longer any necessity for these reduction to meet the foreign competition that will ensue on the lowering of the tari.:lt mu t tnevitably fall ou the workmen. Employers, if they op­ high duties. Now,'the time has certainly come when the glass· erate at all, will only do so,at a fair profit; worldngmen must work or starve, manufacturers of the United States can do without the enormous and as need must when the devil drives we may yet be compelled to labor duties of the McKinley act. The minority report.of the vyays tor a dollar a day in order to keep below foreign competition. . One pO"int that adds not a little to our mortification is that the benefits to and Means Committee of the House of Representatives, wrrtten the general putlic suppo ed to be derived by a reduced tariff are not likely by a very distinguished Republican, Ex-Speaker REED ,gives to be 1·ealized. Our chief product in the West is beer, wine, brandy, mine­ the following account of this industry: raJ water, and patentmedicine bottles. Now bottles are simply packages that cont-ain more valuable contents; the price of the bottle compared t-o the The capacity to ma.nufa.ctm·e 1il the United States is greater than th8- value Of the contents is often in:signiflcant, and any reduction in tl1e price largest eonsumption or foreign and Al:Mrican glass combined. The indus· ot the bottle will simply be retained in the pocket& of wealthy beer a.nd try may be said to be natur~l to this country. Almost evtry materia.! en- 4980 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MAY 19,

t.ering into the production of glass is to be ound or can be manufactured now I understand from the Senator from Delaware that it has here. 'rhe best and cheapest methods of manufacture have been adopted no object at all~ that it is not even taxation. Then, in Heaven's and are in actual use. name, wipe it out; it is a mere pretense and a mockery. Speaking of ~nother branch of the industry, the same report Mr. HIGGINS. The Senator does not understand from me says as to plate glass: • that it is nothing at all. we have now in operation in this country twelve competing plants, hav­ Mr. VEST. What is it for? ing a capacity or 18,000,000 square feet of glass annually. or an actual con­ sumption of 15,000,000 feet about 2,500,000 are imported. Mr .. HIGGINS. ~tis a duty which by restricting production to th1s country so mcreases the production as to reduce the Now, if an industry in that condition still demands the enor­ price. That is the beneficent result, and it will not do, I re­ mous duties of the McKinley act, what becomes of the statement spectfully submit, for the Senator from Missouri to fly from his that at some time or other in the future these industries can own figures as to glass and take refuge under some admission stand without this enormous taxation? made by the Senator from Rhode Island about other facts and Somethin

I very much regret that I am unable to lay my hands upon the them finer than they are made anywhere else in the world, by .statistics which were furnished me by a manufacturer whom I reason of the skill and intelligence of our workmen, except a few know very well and who lives within a. quarter of a mile of my patterns which have been drawn abroad to be bought by the rich own door. Of course) I can get no consideration with reference in foreign countries. to this matter, but I am pleading for consideration .for the men Mr. President, I do not know wby we have two paragraphs on who are enO"ao-ed in the cutting of glass. It is an occupation re­ this subject. Paragrap~89, which we have just passed, pro­ quiring the"'hlghest skill and commanding in this country the vides that "all articles of glass, cut, engraved, painted, colored) highest price. I think I may safely say, without having statis­ printed, stained, decorated, silvered, or gilded, not including tics before me, that the skilled glass-cutter in this country gets plate glass silvered, or looking-glass plates," shall bs dutiable from three to four dollars a. day, and the price of the article is at 40 per cent ad valorem, a.s we adopted the amendment. That vastly increased by his labor. The labor which he puts upon the is, all articles of glass, cut) engraved, etc. But paragraph 90 glass, which has had a duty laid upon it of at least 40 per cent provides that" all gla.ss bottles, decanters, or other vessels or in the preneding paragraph, is, I believe, more costly than the articles of glass, when cut, engraved, painted, colored, printed, entire labor which h:tS been put upon the glass up to the point stained, etched, or otherwise ornamented or decorated, except when he takes it. such as have ground necks and stoppers only, not specially pro­ Is it right? Can it be defended upon any principle whatever vided for in this act, including porcelain or opal glassware," that cut glass shall have no higher duty than the glass which shall be dutiable at 35 per cent ad valorem,, and. the proposition the glass-cutter takes upon which to expend his labor? I can of the committee is to make the rate 40 per cent ad valorem. I not believe but that the committee have failed to understand the do not ~e why paragraph 89, "all articles," does not cover necessity of having a larger duty upon cut glass than upon the everything that is provided for in paragraph 90. glass before it is cut. I can not understand on what J>rinciple There is another matter I wish to state. Cut glass is more you should put 40 per cent duty on a flint-glass bottle, and when expensive than all the processes, when engraved, painted) col­ it goes into the hands of the glass-cutter, and he puts more labor ored, printed, decorated, silvered, or gilded. Perhaps it is not on it than had been put upon it up to the time when the 40 per more expensive than the highest artistic forms of stained glass . .cent is levied, you put a duty of 40 per cent on the finer work. But here cut , glass is lumped with glass on which the labor is I know I have been laboring under some disadvantages in re­ not at all -equal to the labor which is expended on cut glass: I lation to this matter. I turn to the hearings on the subject of insist that in the construction of a tariff bill it is inconsistent glass before the Committee on Ways and Means of the Fifty-first to put on the articles upon which tlle great bulk of the labor Congress and I find that the interest seemed to have centered has been expended only the same duty that you put on an article around the general manufa"Cture of glass, the making of glass before any iabOf' has been expended upon it .at alL articles) not the cutting of glass, or the engraving or staining The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the amendment of it. But the people who have come here and have been heard proposed by the Senator from Connecticut [Mr. PLATT] to the are those who are engaged in making window glass and glass amendment reported by the committee. bottles and plate glass, and they get some advantages in the Mr. PLATT. Let us have the yeas and nays. pending bill. The yeas and nays were ordered, and the Secrehry proceeded The cut-glass industry is a small industry. It is carried 'On to call the roll. not by great capitalists, but by men of limited means, as a gen~ Mr. GORDeN (when his name was called). I am paired eral rule, in this country. Many of the cut-glass establishments with the Senator from Iowa "[Mr. WILSON]. are cooperative, made up o.f the workmen, who, as I have said, Mr . ..M:cLAURIN (when his name was called). I have a pair are perhaps equal in skill to any workmen in this country. with the junior Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. DIXON], with There are no great capitalized glass-cutting establishments in the privilege of voting if my vote be necessary to make a quo­ the United States to the extent that such establishments are rum. For the present I withhold my vote. found in the manufacture of window glass, glass bottles, plate Mr. McPHERSON (when his name was call.ed). I am paired glass, etc. It does not fall within the objection that these men with the Senator from Delaware [Mr. HIGGINS]. If he were are getting wealthy. They are men of small means; either as­ present, I should vote "nay." sooiated workmen or some workman who has been more thrifty Mr. MITCHELL of Wisconsin(when his name was called). I or is more skillful than the rest has taken up the busines3 him­ am p.aired:-with the Senator from Wyoming [Mr. CAREY]. self. The general condition of glass-cutting establishments is_ Mr. PALMER (when his namewas~alled). I am paired with that a man who commenced at the bench finally took up the the Senator fro~ North Dakot3. [Mr. HANSBROUGH}; and there­ business in a small way himself) and is endeavoring to carry it fore withhold my vote. on in this couutry. I see Mr. Ripley, of Pittsburg, alluded to it Mr. VEST (when his ntune was called). I am paired with the in the testimony to which I referred. He said: Senator from Minnesota LMr. WASHBtJRN]. Here is a tumbler (indicating) made in Belgium that cost 45 cents. It sells :M1·. VILAS (when his name was c!Llled}. lam paired with tho at 50 cents a dozen here. It costs in the neighborhood or 50 {!ents to cio the Senator from Oregon [Mr. 'MITCHELL],and announce it now once cuttmg on it alone in this country. Here .is a plain whisky glass [indicating] for all for the day. that sells at 4:5 cents here. The importer's price !s 84 cents a dozen. Our labor on it would cost us 47 cruus. The roll call was concluded. Mr. Mc~""NA. Wha.t is tho retail price? Mr. BLANCHARD. I inquire if the Ben.ator from Mi~hig.an Mr. GILLANDER. The importer's price is 50 cents. Our price to ma.nufac­ [Mr. Mc....\1ILLAN] h-as voted? ture that would be about 50 cents. Mr. McKENNA.. Where are those made? The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senr.ttor from Michigan has Mr. RIPI..EY. In Belgium. The cost of cutting many art-icles in this coun­ not voted. try alone would be more money than it would cost us to buy them in Bel­ Mr. BLANCHARD. I am p!Lired with that Sena.tor. he gium and lay them down duty added. We think on this class of goods our u· lllborshould be protected. were present, I should vote "nay " and he would vote "ye:1. » Mr. ~RYE.. The senior Senator fro~ Maryland [Mr. GoR­ The Senator from Mi ouri goes into a. gene1·al disctlssion on MAN] 1s def1llmed from the Senate by 111 health. I am paired the subject of the manufacture of glass. He sa.ys that we export with him. largely: and 1 undersliood him to apply that remark also to cut Mr. RANSOM. I am paired with the Senator from Maine glass. He also said that we took the prize at the Paris Exposi­ (Mr. HALE]. tion. That is true. But, as I said in the first instance, we can Mr. LODGE. I am paired with the senior Senator from !'few only compete in this manufacture as to very fine articles. We York [Mr. HILL]. I transfer that pair to the Senator from Ne­ do as fine work here and finer where the styles attract the vada [Mr. JONES], and vote "yea." American taste and are not made abroad. I think the finest Mr. GRAY. I wish to announce my pair with the Senator glaes-cutting work done in the world is done in my town, and from illinois [Mr. CULLOM]. yet as to the great bulk of cut glassware the American manu­ Mr. BLACKBURN. By agreement my pair with the Seltl.tor facturers can not touch it to-day under a tariff of 60 percent. We from Nebraska [Mr. MANDERSON] is transferred. The junior do not export very much glassware. I am pretty certain of that Senator from Maine [Mr. FRYE], who is paired with the senior 1act. Senator from Maryland (Mr. GORMAN], andlhave arranged to I have taken up the volume entitled Fm·cign Commerce-and transfer our pairs; so thn.t theSenaoor from Maryland will stand Navigation of the United States for 1892-'931 but it has been so paired with. the Senator fl"om ~ebraska and the Senator from changed in style that it is vAry difficult to find anything. How­ Maine and I will be at libet·ty to vote. I vote "nay." ever, when we come to gla.ss and glassware we find that of win­ Mr. FRYE. I vote 11 yea." _ dow glas3 S\J 0,000 in value was exported, and we find that of all Mr. COCKRELL. I am paired with the senior Sen-ator from other glass $963,598 was exported. I tmderstand the exports of Iowa. [Mr. ALLISON]. I obse1·ve th-at .he is not in his seat. glassware consist mostly of tho pressed glassware which we are Doubtless he has been umtvoidablv called out of the Senate able to produce at a very cheap rate. I undertake to say that Chamber. I have rese:.·ved the ri~ht to vote if my vote ba nec­ we export no glassware from this country of the very fine pat­ essat•y to make a q11orum, but I shall not vote now, there being terns which we make here to meet the American taste and make a quorum. 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 4983

Mr. CALL. I am paired with the Senator from Vermont [.Mr. Mr. PEFFER. I wish to inquire or the Senator from Arkn.n· PROCTOR], but I t ransfer that pair to the Senator from South sas whether the average rate of the different kinds of glass enu­ Dnkota [Mr. KYLEj, and vote" nay." merated in the proposed· amendment will be less or more than· Mr. DANIEL. I am paired with the Senator from Washing­ the average rate set f()rth in the bill. Does it reduce or in'c:rease ton [Mr. SQUIRE]; otherwise I should vote" nay.' the average rate of duty? The result was announced-yeas 22, nays 31; as follows: Mr. JONES of Arkansas. The rates are about 33. per cent be­ YEAS-~~- low the present rates of duty. They are a-little above in one or Aldrich, Fry&, Morrill, Quay, two cases, and somewhat above the rates proposed in the amend­ Cameron, Galling()r, Patton; · Sh~rman, ment which has been heretofore presented to the Senate. Chandler, Hawley, Perkins, Shorrp, The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the amend­ Davis, Higgins, Pettigrew, Teller. Dolph, Hoar, Platt, ment proposed by the Senator from Arkansas. Dubois, Lodge, Power, The amendment was agreed to. NAYS-31. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The res.ding of the bill will be re­ Allen, Coke, Jones, Arlt. Peffer, sumed. Bate, Faulkner, Lindsay. Pugh, .Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I think that concludes the schedule, B&rry. George, McPherson, Sm.itb, except the paragraphs l'elating to chinaware, which were passed Blacl• burn, Gibson, M per cent ad. va.lore.m. 1889, at which were represent-ed twenty-seven prmcipaJ. mari­ - The VICE-PRESIDENT. The. q_uestion is on the.ame.ndment timenationsoi the earth, there was prepared a system of signals, - oi the Senator from Connecticut to.the amendment reported by whieh it was desired: shouJ:d be adopted hy the various nation­ the Committee on Finance. alities interested. Congress pas:sed an act m1890, which was to . The amendment to the amendment was reiectea. become effectual upon the issuance of a proclamation by the The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question recurs on the amend­ P:esident of the Uni~ed Sta.t~s. The oth~ powers in~rested . ment proposed by the committee. failed, howeve.r, to y1eld acqUiescence to the regulations adopted The amendment was a.greed to. by the convention here; but a!ter a great deal of negotiating-our Mr. PLATT. Mr. President, I want to sa.y now that when Government, as well as the other governments interested, have the bill gets into the Senate I shall ask for a separate vot9 upon finally agreed upon carrying into effect the regulations: as em­ thi13 paragraph. If there is anything upon which Senators on bodied in the act of 1890, with certain modificatioDs, which are the other side and the committee can be convinced, I think 1 made in the bill to which I refe't". shall be able to show that this duty ought to be raised to at least The bill has the appro.val not only of the Com:mis.sione1· of 60 per cent. Navigation,. but of all our delegates and of e.very ane who is au­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. The reading of the bill will be re- thorized by law to have any connection or concern in our official sumed. matters regarding navigation. It has niso the unanimous ap­ The Secretary read as follows: . proval of the Committee on Commerce of this. body; and I hope 91. Unpolished cylinder, crown, and common window glass, not exceeding the Senate will consent to pass it, so that the President may 16 by 2! inches sctua.re, 1 cent per pound; above that, and not exceeding 24 make the necessary proclamation and the benefits desired toJL.e­ by 30incbes square, 1§ cents per pound; above that, and not exceeding 24 by crue from this legislation bs enjoyed by the powers. concerned. 361nches square, 1f cents per pound; all above that, I! cents per pound. I therefore ask that the bill be taken up and considered. Mt•. JONES of Arkansas. I move to strike out all o£ the par­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the req_uest agraph just read and insert in lieu of it what I send to the desk. of the Senator from California? The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment will be stated. Mr. CAMERON. I object. The SECRETARY. It is proposed to strike out paragraph 91 Mr. FRYE. It is very important indeed that; this bill sha.ll and in lieu thereof to inse~t: p~. . 91. Unpolished cylinder, crown, and common window glass, not exceeding Mr. PERKINS. It is very: important that the bill should 10 by 15 mches square, 1 cent per pound; above that, and not exceeding 10 by pass, and it wt11 take but a, few minutes. Uin.ches.squ.ara-. tt ~ants per pound; above that. and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches square, 11 cents pel: pound~ above that, and not exceeding 24 by Sfi Mr. FRYE. It is a very short bill. inches square, 2 cents per pound; an above that, 2} cents per pound: i'ro­ Mr. CAMERON. I object. videcl, That unpolished cylinder, crown, and common window glass, 1m­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. There is objection.. . ported in boxes, shall be packed 50 square feet per box as nearly as sizes will p3rmit, and the duty shall be computed thereon according to the actual Mr. WHITE. I move that the biU be taken up for consider&- wetght or the glass. tion. 4984 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MAY 19,

The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the motion of rules which were prescribed for fishermen. Then Eng·land en­ the Senator from California. tered objections to certain small vessels, and indicated that she Tb.e motion was agreed to. could notconsenttoeverything which the congress had reported Mt•. CAMERON. I move that the Senate proceed to the con­ touching what small vessels should be required to do to prevent sideration of executive business. collisions at sea. Finally, now a month ago, it was understood Tb.e VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the motion of that suggestions had been made that all that would be requieed the Senator from Pennsylvania that the Senate proceed to the would be the repeal of one article. I had the honor of reporting consideration of executive business. from the Committee on Commerce a bill repealing that article, The motion was not agreed to. which pas3ed the Senate; but immediately notice was received The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to con­ by the British minister, I think, that there was still a disagree­ sider the bill (H. R. 6977) to amend an act approved August 19, ment about small boats a.nd about some other matters. Further 1 90, entitled" An act to adopt regulations for preventing col­ consultation was had. I am informed by the Secretary of State lisions atsea." that finally there is an essential agreement by all the ma1·itime Mr. CHANDLER. There can be no doubt about the extreme nations in the world to these propositions and as embodied in importance of a complete code of international signals for the this bill the agreement is represented. prevention of collisions at sea, and it must be of course of the A '3 a matter of course, it is necessary to pass the bill to have very first importance that all the commercial nations shall agree the proclamation issued and to have the rules proclaimed, so to the code. I remember well the passage of the act of 1890, that all the nations shall proclaim them in order that people at which had had verv careful consideration by the committees of se:t may understand them. the two Houses of Congress, and I had supposed that the signals Mr. CHANDLER. Mr. President, I have examined the two then a

1894. OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. - 4985

difficulty about it when he himself, in the langua,ge I have read, declaring Massachusetts avenue -through the grounds of the said it was right. Naval Observatory a public street. . There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to consider the bill; which was read, as fol­ Whole, proceeded to consider the join1! resolution, which had lows: been reported from the Committee on Naval Affairs with an Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, amendment, to strike out all after the resolving clause and in­ authorized and directed to pay, out of any money in the Treasury not other­ sert: wise appropriated, to the following-named persons, or their legal repre- sentatives, respectively, such amounts as shall be shown to the satisfaction That no street, avenue, or public thoroughfare in the neighborhood of the of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue to have been paid by them. or by buildings erected upon the United States Naval Observatory grounds the firms they respectively represent, as tax on distilled spirits in excess of Ge?rgetown Heights, District of Columbia, shall extend within the area oi the quantity withdrawn by them from warehouse: Provided, That the a Circle described with a radius of 1,000 feet from the center of the building amount paid to each shall not exceed the sums hereinafter stated, that is known as the clock room of the said Observatory. to say: I SEC. 2. That the Secretary of the Navy be, and is hereby, authorized to To George F. Roberts. administrator of the estate of William B. Thayer, gran.t the right of way for the extension of Massachusetts avenue through deceased, surviving partner of Thayer Brothers, the sum of $10,790.32; to the limits of the said Observatory grounds exterior to said circle in accord­ Silas Q. Howe, surviving partner of William T. Pate & Co., the sum of ance "!ith the foregoing proviso, and that Massachusetts avenue as laid '19,662.19; to Henry w. Smith. surviving partner ofT. and J. W. Gaff & Co., down m conformity with that proviso upon !the maps of the engilleer- de­ the sum of $14,062.50, the said payments being a refund of taxes exacted and partment or the District of Columbia, through the grounds of the United paid on distilled spirits in excess of the quantity withdrawn by them from ~tates N~val Observatory be, and the same hereby is, declared to be a. pub· the United States bonded warehouse between July 1 and December 31, 1864. lie street mall respects as the other public streets of the District of Colum- ~ The bill was reported to the. Senate .without amendJ?ent., or~ bi~Ec. 3. That the Secretary of the ~a.vy be, and is hereby, authorized to aered to be engrossed for a third readmg, read the third time, sen and convey two plats of ground contiguous ¥> the said Massachusetts and passed avenue extended, and situated without the hereinbefore described ·circle M FRYE M p 'd t but within the limits of the said Observatory site. the ground in said plats r. · 1 r • res1 en -- amounting to 14.31 acres, more or less, on the north and east, and 1.18 acres, Mr. QUAY. I suggest that there is notaquorum of the Sen~ more or less, on the south and west of the said Massachusetts avenue ex- ate present. tended. . SEc. 4. That the Secretary of the Navy be, and is hereby, authorized to The VICE- PRESIDENT• • The 1ac k 0 f a quorum b emg sug- sell the aforesaid described plats by advertisement or, at his discretion gested, the Secretary will call the roll. in such manner as will best serve the interests of the Government. The Secretary called the roll and the following Senators an- SE~. 5. That the SecretarY: of the Navy be, and hereby is, authorized to . • ' acqll?Ie, by purchase, legal titlE> to the several plats of ground, not now be- swered to the1r names. longmg to the United States, that are situated within the hereinbefore de- Bate, Gallinger, Martin, Roach, scribed circle, amounting to 19.27 acres, more or less, being partS of lands Berry, George, Mills, Sherman, adjoining the present said Observatory site, and comprised in the following Blanchard, Gray, Mitchell, Wis. Shoup, portions of land as generally known, namely: Plat east, Normanstone, 1.78 Butler, Harris, Morgan, Smith, acres, more or less; plat west, Robert Weaver, 8.~ a.cres, more or less; plat Caffery, Hawley, Morrill, Stewart, west, Barnes, .38 acre, more or less; plat west, Young, .67 acre, more or Call, Higgins, Palmer, Teller, less; plat west, Barbour, .32 acre, more or less; plats north and west, Dun- Chandler, Hoar, Pasco, Turpie, barton, 7.87 acres, more or less. Cockrell, Hunton, Patton, Vilas, SEC. 6. That sa.id plats of land, when acquired by purchase, hereinbefore Coke, Irby, Peffer, Voorhees, described, shall form a part of the said Naval Observatory grounds. Daniel, Jarvis, Perkins, White. SEc. 7. That the Secretary of the Navy is hereby authorized to appoint a Dolph, Jones, Ark. Platt, board of three appraisers to determine and fix the price at which the said Dubois, McLaurin, Pugh, public land, or any part thereof, shall be sold, and to determine the value of Frye, McPherson, Ransom, the parcels of private property to be purchased. SEc. 8. That within sixty days from their appointment the said appraisers or The VICE-PRESIDENT. Forty-nine Senators have answered a. majority thereof, shall report in writing to the Secretary of the Navy, first to their names. A quorum is present. theestimatedva.lueagreeduponbythemorthetwoplatsofla.ndhereinbefore described for sale and-Conveyance; second, they shall cause a. careful map to ENTRY OF STEAMSHIPS. be made of the said Observatory circle, showing the location, quantity, and character of each parcel of hEireinbefore described property to be taken to Mr. FRYE. I ask unanimous consent to call up !or consider­ complete the said circle, with the names or the respective owners inscribed ation the bill (S.18S6) to facilitate the entry of steamships. thereon; and the said map shall be filed and recorded in the public records of the District of Columbia., and from and after that date the several tracts By unanimous consent, the Senate, as in Committee of the and parcels or land, not hereinbefore public property and embraced in said Whole, proceeded to consider the bill. Observatory circle, shall be held as condemned tor public uses, subject to Mr. FRYE. Subsequently I reported from the Committee on payment of just compensation, to be determined by said appraisers and ap· proved by the Secretary of the Navy: Provided, That such comf>ensation be Commerce an amendment to the bill, which I ask to have accepted by the owner or owners of the several parcels of land. adopted. SEC. 9. That if the Secretary of the Navy shall be unable to purchase any portion of the land so condemned within thirty days after such condemna~ The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment will be stated. tion, by agreement with the respective owners, at the price determined by The SECRETARY. In section l,line 4, after the words" United the said appraisers, and approved as before mentioned, the said appraisers States," insert: shall, at the expiration or such period of thirty days, make application to the supreme court of the District or Columbia, by petition, at a general or And running in a regularly established steamship line, which line shall special term, for an assessment of value of such land, and such petition shall have been in existence and running steamers in the foreign rade for not contain a particular description of the property condemned, With the name less than one year previous to the application Qf the privilege extended by of the owner or owners thereof, and his, her, or their residence, as far as the t.his a.ct; . same may be ascertained, together with a copy of the recorded map of the So as to read: said Observatory circle, and the said court is hereby authorized and required, upon such application, without delay, to notify the owners and occupants That the master of any steamship trading betweenforeignports and ports of the land, and to ascertain and assess the value of the land so condemned, in the United States and running in a regularly established steamship line, by appointing three commissioners to appraise the value or values thereof, which line shall have been in existence and running steamers in the foreign and to return the appraisement to the court; and when the values of the trade for not less than one year prev10us to the application of the privilege land are thus ascertained and the Secretary of the Navy shall deem the same extended by this act, arriving in a port of entry may make prelimma.ry en­ reasonable. said values shall be paid to the owner or owners, and the United try of the vessel by making oath or aflirmation to the truth of the state­ States shall be deemed to have a valid title to said lands. ments contained in his manifest and delivering said manifest to the customs SEC. 10. That the said appraisers are hereby authorized to call upon the officer who shall board said vessel, whereupon the unlading of such vessel Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey to make such surveys as may proceed upon arrival at the wharf, under such regulations as the Sec­ may be necessary to carry into effect the provisions of this act, and the said retary of the Treasury shall prescribe. Superintendent is authorized and required to make surh surveys under the The amendment was agreed to. direction of the said commissioners. SEc. 11. That the Secretary of the Navy, after deducting the expenses of Mr. VILAS. I should like to ask the Senator from Maine appraisal and condemnation, shall pay into the Treasury of the United wherein 'the bill proposes to change the present law? States the net amount received from the sale of any portion of the United Mr. FRYE. By the present-law the collector must give the States Naval Observatory site, the same to remain there, subject to the draft of the Secretary of the Navy, for purchasing the additional lands within certificate which is required be!ore delivering from a steamer the hereinbefore described circle and for improvements to the said Naval can begin; and, therefore, if a steamer gets in after half past 3 Observatory grounds. o'clock in the afternoon, it is obliged to lie over until 9 or 10 o'clock the ·next morning when the collector's office is opened; The amendment was agreed to. and if the steamer gets in Saturday night it is obliged to wait un­ The joint resolution was reported to the Senate as amended, til Monday morning. With regularly established sailing and and the amendment was concurred in. steamship lines it is a very great annoyance, where they are The amendment waa ordered to be engrossed and the joint obliged to sail at a p:1rticular time. The Treasury Department resolution to be read a third time. recommend the bill. The joint resolution was read the third time, and passed. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The title was amended so as to read: ment was concurred in. A joint resolution to establish an Observatory circle as a provision for The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read guarding the delicate astronomical instruments at the United States Naval Observatory against smoke or currents of heated air in their neighborhood the third time, and passed. and undue vibrations from tramcupon the extension of public thoroughfares NAVAL OBSERVATORY GROUNDS. in the vicinity, and for other purposes. Mr. :McPHERSON. I ask unanimous consent that the Senate The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Committee on Naval Affairs I ~ proceed to the consideration of the joint 1·esolution (H. Res. 32) report a preamble, which will be read.

' • 4986 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATE.

The Sec.reta.ry read as follows: matte1• through freight trains and by express, etc., these wo.rds Whereas, in order to insure within ~ticable limits the suect:SS oi. astro­ which I suggest should be insertod. They would eover the en­ nomical observations, it is of the h.1ghest unportanoe that the delicate mstru· tire ground ments employed in that wot:k be guarded against smoke or currents of heated air in their neighborhood, and also. against undue vil>rations from Mr. HOAR. Will the Senator from Ka.ns~ s pardon me? The traffic upon public thoroughfares, all o! whlch can only be attained by oon· proposed statute now provides: trolling a reasonable area.. of ground in the immediate vicinity o.C the build· That any person who shall cause to be brotJght within any place subject to ings wherein the said instrumsnts are mounted; and Whereas from experiments it has been ascertained that a circle described the jurisdiction and laws of the United States from abroad- With a r adius of 1.000 feet from a central point of the said buildings is the That is every possible way. NeJtt- least inclosure that will accomplish sueh desired protection: Therefore. - or deposited in or carried by the mails of the United States­ Mr. CHANDLER. I ask that the preamble oo disagreed to. That is another way. 1\fr. McPHERSON. It is unnecessary, but at the same time ·. I should like to have it adopted. or- Mr. CHANDLER. Very well; it will go into conference. Third- The preamble was agreed to. carded from one State to another in the United States. Mr. CHANDLER. I move that the S.ena.te 'request a confer· That- includes every possible way in which such ma.tter oan ence with the House of Representatives on the joint resolution be carried. It includes express; it includes all private means and amendments. of transportation, and it also includes public methods oi trans­ The motion was agreed to. portation. If the words the Senator from Kansas suggestl} are By unanimDus consent, the Vice-President was authorized to put in the bill, which are in effect, by any private instrumen­ appoint the conferees on the part of the Senate, and Mr. Gm­ tality whate\ er, then he bas not provided for punishing the SON, Mr. BLACKBURN, and Mr. PERKINS were appointed. offender if he violates the statute through a public instrumen­ tality. So the Senator's amendmsnt would narrow and not ex­ SUPPRESSION OF LOl'TERY TRAFFIC. tend the provisions of the bili which now comprehend eve1·y Mr. HOAR. I ask unanimous. consent to t3ke up the bill (S. possible method. The bill only enumerates the mail where it 1620) for the suppression of lottery traffic through national and declares the mere depositing of such matter in the mails: to be interstate commerce and the postal service,.subject to the juris­ a felony; but the transportation cln,use is full and clear. I hape diction and laws of the United Stat-es. The bill has been l.'ead, the Senator from Kansas will not press his amendment. ,, and I propose to amend it so thatitwill receive the assent of all Mr. PEFFER. If the Senator from Massachusetts, as a law.­ Senators who have criticised it. so far as I am aware. yer, having examined the phraseology of the bill, is--of opinion By unanimous consent! the Sen~te resumed the consideration that its provieions are broad enough to cover the point I make, of the bill, the pending question bein a on the amendment ot Mr. I shall not insist upon my amendment. HOAR to striko out se tion Zof the substitute reported fr&m the Mr. HOAR. I certainly am of that opinion. Committee on the Judiciary. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment of the Senator The amendment was agreed to. from Kansas is withdrawn. Mr. HOAR. I now move in section 1, line 31 after the words Mr. PASCO. I understand the second section remains in the u that any pai'SOn, " to strike out all down to and including the bill unchanged. It seems to me, if that is so, it fully protects the word 'or,' ~ in line 13. That p-roposBs to strike out all the pro­ matter in the way the Senator from Massachusetts states. visions for :punishing pe.rso.n.s who set up lotteries within the ex­ Therefore the am3ndment \Vhich the Senator from Kansas pro­ olu i\e jurisdiction of the United States. I am satisfied that posed is unnecessary, and all the essential features desired- are the existing law in regard to the District of CDlumbia. is entirely retained in the bill. I hope the bill will p.l.SS without further s\.tfficient. The bill if it were enacted would nat change and amendment. wou.ld not help it in anyway. I have not looked into thematt-e.r The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read as relating tD the Territories but I suppose they will have their ... 1 the third time, and passed . own legislation on the subject. FANNY M. NO.RJ\.IAN. The VICE-PRESIDENT~ The amendment proposed by the Sem tor from Massachusetts will be stated. l\lr. fORGAN. l a'3k that the Senate procaed to the consid­ Tho SECRETARY. After the. word "lle.raon,: ''in secrtionl, line eration of Senate bill 202(}. 3, strlke ou.t the following words: Mr. HARRIS. I ask the Senator from Alabama to yield to_ Wh'>. within the EU.clusive jurlsdiction an..d subject to the la.ws of the me for a moment. I wish to ask the Senate to _consider at this Uniteu States. shall conttive, propose, set up, or dl"aw a lottery, s<>-ca.Ue:l time o. House bill to give an old lady in my Stato, who is about girt concert, c>=. similar e:n.terprise, offering pri~s deJ)endent upon lot or 80 ye:1.rs of age, I think it is an $8 pension. If it takes two chan ~. o.:r assists in sueh contriving, proposing, setting up. or drawing in any ce w ithin the exclusive jurisdiction :md subject to the laws ot the minutes I will withdraw my request. Uni~d St tes. or who. from any place whatever,' hether within or without Mr. MORGAN. Very well. The Senator from Tennessee has such jutisdiction, shall cause to he solO, transferred, or delivered wlthin a.ny place subject to the exclusive jurlsdict!on and laws ot the United States, or, the right of way upon that proposition. Mr. HARRIS. I ask the Senate to consider the bill (H. R. So as to read~ 2020) granting a pension to Mrs. Fannie M. Norman. That any p~son who s.haJl c:mse to brought within the United Sta.tes oo By unanimous consent, the Senate1 as in Committee of the from abroad. etc. Whole) proceeded to consider the bill. It proposes to place on The amendment was agreed to. the pension roll the name of Fannie M. Normant oi Rutherford Mr. HOAt~. In section 1, line.l9, before the word alotte1·y," County, Tenn.t widow of the late Lieut. E. A. C. Norman, de­ I move to strike: out" such u and inset~t Hat'' so as to read: ceased, who-served in the-volunteers in theFlorida. Indian war, Upon the event or , lottery, so-oalled gift concert, etc. and tG allow her-a pension of $3 per month. Mr. HOAR. I should like to inquire why in this case appli­ · The amendment was agreed to. . cation is not made under the general pension law? Mr. PEFFE . I move to amend by inserting in section 1, Mr. HARRIS. The only reason is tha-t the soldier served line ~ .> , after the wm·d "same," the words: twenty-nine days and a fraction, and not thirty days. A pen­ ~or through ~ private agency as express matter, freigltt, o.r othe.r- sion would have been. granted under the general law, but the general law requires thirty days' service. The House ol R-ep­ Mr. HOAR. I will agree to the amendment, if the Senator resentatives has consented to waive the part of a day, and the from Kansas insists upon .it, but. h& will allow me: to oa.ll his at­ Senate Committee an Pensions has consented to waive it, as I tention to the fact that the statute as it now reads prohibits the am sure the Senator from Ma.'3sachusetts and every other Senator bringing in of lottery tickets and advertisements in any way will do. whatever. Therefore, if the Senator's amendment be adopted Mr. BATE. If the Senator from Massachusetts will read the enumerating this particular way, it excludes all others from the report, which is a short one, accompanying the bill, be will see penalty; so the person who brings in such matter by public in­ tho merit of the bill and the necessity for action by Congress strumentalities or by a nonenumerated instrumentality escapes. pointed out. M r L PEFFER. The idea I have about it is that inasmuch as Mr. HOAR. I can not resist the persuasivenes,s of my hon­ the provisions of the bill relate specifically to man matter-­ orable friend the senior Senator from Tennessee. Mr. HOAR. The first section does not relate solely to mail The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, or­ matter. It relates to all possible matter. dered to a. third reading, read the third time, and p ssed. Mr. PEFFER. It would be the general understanding that it is proposed to prohibit matter relating to lotteries from pass­ PROTECTION OF FUR SEALS. ing through the mails. I underst!tnd very well the suggestion Mr. MORGAN. I ask unanimous consent to call up the bill the S;:mator from Massachusetts makes. _Nevertheless, it seems (S. 202.0} supplementary to an act approved April 6, 1894 1 far the to me that in order to make the provision mora clear and execution ol the award rendered at Paris August15, 1893, by th& specific and to avoid all possible chances of smuggling lottery Tribunal of Arbitration constituted under the treaty between 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 4987

over the same of the mails, the troops, and the munitions of war of the the United States and Great Britain, concluded at Washington United States than the rate per mile paid for the transpol'tation over the February 29, 1892, in relation to the preser_vation of ~he fur seal. railroad or pnl>Uc highways leading to the said bridge, and it shall enjoy By unanimous cons.ent, the Senate, as m Committee of the the rights and privileges or other post roads in the United States; and equal prlvileges in the use of said bridge shall be granted to all telegraph and tel· Whole, proceeded to consider the bill, which had been reported ephone companies, and the United States shall have the right of way across from the Committee on Foreign Relations with an amendment, saW bridge and its approaches for postal telegraph purposes. · in line 16,afwr the words "purpose of, " to strikeout "securing SEc. 6. That all street-railroad companies desiring the use of said bridge shall ha.ve and be entitled to equal rights and privileges relative to the the adhesion of such powerto the regulations ~oresaid"and in­ passage of street-railroad trains or cars over the same and over the ap­ sert ' 1 protecting fur seals or other marine fur-bearing animals;" proaches thereto upon the payment of a reasonable compensation for such so as to make the bill read: use, and in case the owner or owners of said bridge and the several street­ r ailway companies, or any one of them, desiring such use fail to agree upon Be it enacted, etc., That the procedure and penalties provided by said act, the sum or snms to be paid and upon the rules and conditions to which each 1n case of the violation of the provisions of said regulations, are hereby shall conform in using said bridge, all matters at issue between thilm shall made applicable to and shall be enforced against any citizen o! the-United be decided by the Secretary of War, upon a hearing of the allegations and States, or parson owing the duty of obedience to the laws or the treaties of proofs of the parties: Provided, That should said bridge be built for the the United States, or person belonging to or on board of a vessel of the passage of railroad trains, wagons, and foot passengers, street cars shall not United States who shall kill. capture, or pursue, at any time or in any man­ be allowed to cross thereon except at the option of the bridge company. All ner whatever, as well as to and against any vessel or the United States used railroad companies desiring the use of said bridge, should the bridge so built or employed in hilling, capturing, 01' pursuing, at any time, or in any man­ be a combination railroad and wagon-road bridge, shall have and be enti­ ner whatever, any fur seal or other marine fur-bearing animal, in violation tled to equal rights and privileges relative to the passage of rail way trains of the provisions of any treaty or convention into which the United States or ca.rs over the same and over the approaches thereto upon payment of a may have entered or may hereafter enter. with any ot?-er po~er for t~e p~r­ ren.sonable comnensation for snch ll8e; and in case the owner or owners of VIO­ pose of protecting fur seals or other marme fnr-bearmg ammals, or m said bridge and the several railroad companies, or any one of them, de ~iring lation of any regulatioli.s which the President may make for the due execu­ such passage should fail to agree upon the sum or sums to be paid, and tion of such treaty or convention. upon the rules and conditions to which each shall conform in using such bridge, all matters at issue between them shall be decided by the Secretary Th9 amendment was agreed to. of War, upon a hearing of the allegations and proof of the parties: Pro­ The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ vided further, That nothing in this act in regard to charges for passengers ment was concurred in. and freight across said bridge shall govern the Secretary of War in deter­ The bill was ordered to be engross~d 'for a third reading, read mining any qU£stion arising as to the sum 01' sums to be paid to the owne1'S of said bridge by said companies for the use oi said bridge. the third time, and passed. · SEC. 7. 'l'ha.t Congress shall have the power at any time to altel', amend, The preamble was agreed to. or repeal this act, and.. the Secretary or War, whenever he shall de.em it necessary, may cause the owners or said bridge to remove all material and MISSOURI RIVER BRIDGE. substantial obstructions to the navigation of said river by the construction Mr. VEST. I ask unanimous consent for the present consid­ of said bridge and its accessory works, or to prevent such obstruction; and the expelli!e of altering said bridge or removing such obstruction shall be at eration of House bill 6610, a bridge bill. the expense of the owners of the !:>ridge. 'rhere being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the SE.c. 8. That this act shall be null and void if construction ol said bridge Whole, proceeded to consider the bill (H. R. 6610) to authorize shall not be commenced within one year and finishi~d within three years from its passage. the construction of a bridge across the Missouri River at some SEC. 9. That the right to alt&r, amend, or repeal this act by Congress at point within 1 mile below and 1 mile above the present limgs of any time is hereby expressly reserved. the city of Jefferson, Mo. The amendment was agreed to. Mr. VEST. I move to strike out all after the enacting clause The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ of the bill, and substitute what I send to the desk, which is Sen­ ment wa.s concurred in. at-e bill1742, on the same subject as reported by the Committee The amendment was ordered to be engrossed, and the bill to on Commerce. be read a third time. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment will be stated. The bill was read the third time, and passed. . The SECRETARY. Strike out all after the enacting clause of Mr. VEST. I move that the Senaterequesta conference with the bill, and insert: the House of Representatives on the bill and amendment. Th~t the Jefferson City Bridge and Transit Company, a corporation duly The motion was agreed to. organized and existing under the laws of the State or Missourj, its succes­ By unanimous consent the Vice-President was authorized to sors and assigns, successors, grantees, mortgagees, and successors in inter­ appoint the conferees on the part of the Senate; and Mr. VEST, est, ba. and are hereby, authorized to construct and maintain a bridge and approaches thereto across the Missouri River at Jefferson City, Mo., be­ Mr. WHITE, and Mr. FRYE were appointed. tween the counties of Cole and Callaway, at some point at least one-third of Mr. COCKRELL. I move that the bill (S.1742) to authorize a mile from any other bridge, to be selected consistent with the interests of the construction of a bridge across the Missouri River at some navigation, within 1 mile above and 1 mile below the present limits of the city of Jefferson, 'Mo. Said bridge shall be constructed to provide for the point within 1 mile ·below and 1 mile above the present limit of passage of wagons and vehicles of all kinds, street railway cars, motol' cars, the city of Jefferson, Mo., be indefinitely postponed. animals, foot passengers, and for all road travel, for such reasonable rates The motion was agreed to. - of toll and nnder such reasonable rules and regula.tions as may be prescribed by such corporation. its successors and assigns, and to be approved from SEAMEN OF NETHERLANDS STEAMER AMSTERDAM. time to time by the Secretary of War: Provided, That such bl'idge may be a. combination railroad and wagon-road bridge, so constructed as to provide Mr. FRYE. I ask unanimous consent for the present consid­ for the passage of railway trains, engines and cars. wagons, and vehicles of all kinds, foot and other passengers, animals and live stock, at the option of eration of the bill (S.1645) for the relief of the dependent rela­ the corporation by which it may be built. tives of the se.amen of theN ethet>lands steamer Amsterdam1 who SEc. 2. That said bridge shall not be built or commenced nntil the plans lost their Jives in the effort to save the crew of the American a.nd specifi.cations for its construction have been submitted to the Secretary of wa.r for his approval, nor until he Shall approve the plan and location of schooner Maggie E. Wells, and also for the relief of the sole said bridge; and if any cha!lge be made in the plan or construction of said survivor of the rescuing party. bridge at any time snch change shall be subject to the approval of the Sec­ By unanimous consent the Senate, as in Committee of the retary of War; and any change in the construction or any alteration of said bridge that may be directed at any time by Congress or the Secretary of Whole, proceeded to consider the bill. It proposes to appro­ War shall be made at the expense a.n.d cost of the owners thereof; that the priate $5,750 to enable the Secretary of the Treasury to pay the said bridge shall be constructed without interference With the security following-sums of money to the persons herein named, being de· and convenience of navigation of said rtver beyond what is necessary to carry out e1fectively the rights and -privileges hereby grantetl, and in or­ pendent relatives of the five seamen of the Netherlands steamer der to secure that object, the said corpOTation shall submit to the Secretary Amsterdam who recently lpst their lives in a heroic effort to or Wru· for his examination and approval, a design or and drawings for save the master and crew of the shipwrecked American fish· said bridge1 and a map of the proposed location giving for the space of 1 mile above and 1 mile below such propcsed locatio~ the topography of the banks ing schooner Maggie E. Wells, of Gloucester, Mass., and the o! the river wit·h shore lines and soundings, and such other information as sole survivor of the rescuing party: To the widow of First Offi­ may be required for a full understanding-of the subject; and until the said cer J. Meyer, $500; to each of her two children, $250; to the plan and location of the bridge are approved by the Secretary or War the construction of said bridge shall not ba commenced. widow of Boatswain E. Regnard, $500; to the mother of A. J. SEc. 3. That said bridge shall be made with unbroken and continuous spans, Oudyn, $500; to each of the two children of F. Eichhorn, .$250; and the spans thereof shall not be less than 400 feet in length in the clear, and to the ·widow of A. Bos, $500; to each of her two children, $250; the main spans shall be over the main channel of the river. The lowest part of the superstructure of said bridge shall be at least 55 feet in the clear to the widow of A. Van Vliet, $500; to each of her five chil­ above the established standard high-water grade line, and the bridge shall dren, $250; to A. Vander Wilt, survivor, $500. be at right angles to, ar:.d its piers parallel with, the current of the river: Mr. CHANDLER. I am very much gratified at the report ol Provided, That said company or corporation shall maintain at its own ex­ pense, from sunset to sunrise, such lights or other signaJ.s on said bridge as the bill by the Committee on Commerce. I should like to ask the Light-House Board shall prescribe. the Senator in charge -of it whether the committee have made SEc. 4. That th-e Secretary of War is hereby authorized and directed, upon ca1·eful inquiry before determining whether these various sums receiving such plan and other information and upon being satisfied that a bridge so built will conform to the requirements of this act, t-o notify the would be an adequate recognition of the gallantry of these men company or corporation authorized to build thesamethatheapproves of the and of those who were lost. same; and upon receiving such notification the said company or corpora· Mr. FRYE. I will simply say that the bill which was pre­ ' tion may proceed to erect said bridge, conforming strictly to the approved plan and location, and should any change be made in the plan of the bridge sented to the committee for consideration contained very much or accessory works during the progress of the work thereon such change smaller sums than these. I read to the committee the account shall be subject likewise to the approval or the Secretary or War. of the heroic attempt of these men to save our sailors, and it S.EC. 5. That any bridge built under this act and subject to its limitations Shall be a lawful structure, and shall be recognized and known as a post was very difficult to restrain the committe~ from giving more route, upon which also no higher charge shall be made for the transmission than ought to be given. I do notknowthatmorecould be given, 4988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MAY 19, . 0!' ought to be given. We undertook to restrain each other. I on an equality with those who located afterwards, so far as the am satisfied that these people will regard this as a very reason­ patents are concerned- able recognition of the services of their dead husbands and Mr. CALL. According to the explanation of the Senator from fathers. Oregon, I do not see of w}:mt use to anyone the bill will be; but Mr. CHANDLER. If the Senator will allow me, there was I observe the bill provides- no bill presented, but there was a resolution directing the com­ That it shall be lawful for the Commissioner of the General Land Ofllce mittee to make inquiry, and the amounts of which the Senator to cause patents to be issued, as evidence of title, for all valid locations made with land scrip issued pursuant to decrees of the Supr(\me Court ot speaks were handed to the committee as memoranda. The com­ the United States. mittee then, I understand, after due consideration of these facts, deemed these sums as reasonable and suitable amounts. I can not see that it will do any other harm than this, ·that Mr. FRYE. Yes. the General Land Office is in the habit of deciding anythin

1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. · 4989 / ~

tion and convenient operation of said railroad line, and when any portion devoted. And it is represented' that this change in the law will best enable thereof shall cease to be used such portion shall revert to the tribe or band the original purposes of the act to be carried out with reference to this of Indians from which the same shall have been taken. church orgamzatwn. The purpose of the grant was to continue to the Episcopal Church of St. The amendment was agreed to. , Augustine the use of a place of worship enjoyed under the Spanish occupa­ The next amendment was, in section 2, line 4, after the word tion of Florida, and the proposed leglslation afiords them a continuation of this privilee:e in another location under mbre favorable conditions. The "compensation," to insert "subject to the approval of the Sec­ petition of the memorialists is deemed reasonable. and the committee favor retary of the Interior;" so as to read: t,he passage o.r the bill. That before said railroad shall be constructed tbiough any land, claim, or improvement held by individual occupants, according to any treaties or The bill was reported from the Committee on Private Land laws of the United States, compensation, subject to the approval of the Sec­ Claims with amendments, line 4, before the word" Protestant," retary of the Interior, shall be made to such occupant or claimant for all property to be taken or damage done by reason of the construction of said to strike out "the" and insert " The; " in line 5, after the word railroad. J "Episcopal," to strike out" church" and insert ''Church;" in the same line, after the word ''the," to strike out-'' diocese" and The amendment was agreed to. insert" Diocese;" in line 10, after the word ''said," to insert The next amendment was, in section 2, line 24, after the word "The;" in line 11, after the word "Episcopal," to strike out "paid," to strike out "an.d the consent of the Indians on said "church" and insert "Church;" in the same line, after the ·reservation as to the amount of said compensation shall have word 11 the," to strike out" diocese" and insert "Diocese;" and been first obtained in a manner satisfactory to the President of in line 12, after the word "in," to strike out" such new proceed­ the United States." ings as they may deem fitfor the benefit of the said church in St. The amendment was agreed to. Augustine," and insert "purchasing another lot in the city of The next amendment was, to insert as an additional section: St. Augustine and erecting a church edifice· thereon for the use SEc. 3. That the right herein granted shall be forfeited by said company and benefit of the church organization to which the old Epis­ unless the road shall be constructed through said reservations within three years after the passage of this act. copal Church lot was relinquished and confirmed by the act of Congress hereinbefore mentioned;" so as to make the bill read: Mr. COCKRELL. I move to amend the amendment by add­ Be it enacted, etc., That the consent of Congress is hereby given to the said ing the fellowing proviso: church at St. Augustine, and to the corporation of the Protestant Episcopal Provided, That Congress reserves the t•ight to alter, amend, or repeal this Church in the Diocese or Florida, and to all other omcers and authorities act. having charge over, or interest in, the said land, to sell and convey the same to the purchaser thereof free and discharged from the condition stated in The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. the provisions or the statuts referred to in the preamble of this act. And The amendment as amended was agreed to. the proper authorities of the said The Protestant Episcopal Church in the The bill was reported to the..Senateas amended, and the amend­ Diocese of Florida may uss the proceeds of said sale in purchasing another lot in the city of St. Augustine and erecting a church edifice thereon for the ments were concurred in. use and benefit of the church organization to which the old Episcopal Church The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read lot w~s relinquished and, confirmed by the act or Congress hereinbefore the third time, and passed. mentiOned. EPISCOPAL CHURCH AT ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA. The amendments were agreed to. The bill was reported to the Senate as amend,ed, and the Mr. PASCO. I ask unanimous consent for the present con­ amendments were concurred in . . sideration of the bill (S. 1076} to release a certain limitation ex· The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading I r~ad isting in an act of Congress touching the Episcopal Church at the third time, and passed. St. Augustine, Fla. The committee reported an amendment to the first line of the There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the preamble, after the word" Whereas," to strike out" as" and in­ Whole, proceeded to consider the bill. sert "in;" so as to read: Mr. CHANDLER. I shall not call for the reading of the re­ . Whereas in the provisions..of section 3 of the act of Congress entitled "An port in this case, but I should like to ask the Senator from act to provide for the confirmation and settlement of private land clailns in Florida to state briefly what is the object of the bill? east Florida, and for other purposes," approved February 8, A. D. 1827, it was declared that the lands in St·. Augustine, .Fla., relinquished and confirmed Mr. PASCO. As the preamble sets forth, there was an to the incorporated Episcopal Church of St. Augustine should forever inure amount of land granted to the Episcopal Church in St. Augus­ to the purposes for which they were confirmed, and should not be alienated tine, Fla., with the condition that it should not be alienated without the consent of Congress. etc. without the consent of Congress, but the.. growth of the city of The amendment was agreed to. , St. Augustine and other conditions hav~ rendered the land un­ The preamble as amended was agreed to. suitable to be used for church purposes, and this bill is to give the privilege to the (jhurch to sell the lot and invest the pro­ COURT QF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. ceeds of the sale in another part of the city. Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. (ask unanimous consent for the I will ask that the report, without the amendments to the bill nresent consideration of the bill (H. H.. 5860) to amend sections suggested at the end of it, be insarted in the RECORD, so that the 4, 6, and 10 of the act of February 9, 1893, entitled "An act to whole matter may be set forth without having it now read at establish a court-of appeals for the District of Columbia1 and for length. other purposes." The VICE-PRESIDENT. It will be so ordered, in the ab­ By unanimous consent, the Senate, as in Committee of the sence of objection. Whole, proceeded to consider the bill. The report referred to is as follq.ws: Mr. HOAR. I consented to this bill in committee, but the The Committee on Private Lar..d Claims have had referred to them a bill question has occurred to me since it was reported whether these to release a certain limitation existing in an act of Congress touching the salaries are not now p3.id monthly as a practice; and this pro- . Episcopal Church at St. Augustine, Fla., and having carefully considered vides for quarterly payments. I should like to ask the Senator the same, submit the following report thereon: By the act referred to "the old Episcopa-l church lot " was relinquished from Missouri if the s9J.aries of judges and clerks are not paid and confirmed to the Incorporated Episcopal Church or St. Augustine, With quarterly? a proviso that the grant should forever inure to the purposes for which it Mr. COCKRELL. I was under that impression. I do not was confirmed and that it should not be alienated without the consent of Congress. (Vide 4 United States Statutes at Large, page 202, chapter 9, think there is any doubt about it. I think all the officers, with section 3.) . scarcely an exception, are paid monthly. This Episcopal Church mentioned in the act of Congress refe.rred to had Mr. HOAR. I think that system has been adopted in regard -been incorporated by the Legislature of the Territory of Florida in 1823 as Trinity Church, and has rt~ceived and enjoyed the benefit of the aforemeu· to the judiciary. I suggest that the word '' monthly "be inserted tioned grant since the passage of the act. The lot was regularly surveyed, instead of "quarterly.' and its description appears in the surveyor-general's otl.l.ce at Tallahassee. The ditrerent Protestant-Episcopal Church organizations in Florida, in­ Mr. COCKRELL. I think all salaries are paid monthly, and cluding Trinity, were subsequently incorporated under the name of the in many of the, Departments the employes are paid semi- Protestant Episcopal Church m the Diocese of Florida, and Trinity Church, moo~~. : as a member of this corporation, is in possession of the old church lot, and the members of the parish have made themselves parties to the memorial Mr. HOAR. · Therefore, I suggest that the word "monthly" asking for the legislation proposed in tbe bill before the committee. · _ be inserted instead of "quarterly." They call attention to the changed situation in St. Augustine, and allege Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. l' move, then, that tbe word that the lot is too small to permit the erection of new church buildings snit· able to the larger wants of the present congregation. They have not the "quarterly," wherever it occurs, be stricken out and the word means to add to the size of the present lot, as lands in the immediate locality ''monthly" substituted. "' are too high in price and beyond their means. rr confined to their present The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment will be stated. locality they may be surrounded by buildings objectionable in character to a. place of religious worship. The SECRETARY. In section 1, line 12, after the word" pay­ Under these circumstances the memorialists ask that the restriction upon able," it is proposed to strike out "quarterly" and insert the right to alienate the lot be removed so that it may be disposed of, and a ''monthly." · new and larger location be purchased in another part of the city where.land can be obtained upon more reasonable terms. Upon this new lot it is pro­ The amendment was agreed to. posed to erect a new church edifice and other buildings devoted to the pur· Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. The same amendment should be poses for which the present church ediftee has been used and to which lt was made in line 21. 4990 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD..::._SENATK MAY ·21,

• The SECRETARY~ In line 21, after the word "payable," it is SENATE. proposed to strike out 'quarterly nand insert "mDnthly. t The amendment was agreed to. - MONDAY_, May 21, 1894. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendments reported by the The Senate met at 10 o'clock a. m. committee will be stated. . . . The bill was reported from the. Comm1 ttee on the J udicJ.al•y Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Iournal of Saturday's pro­ with amendments, in section 11, line 33, after the word~ ".al­ ceedings will be read by the Secretary. · lowance for "to strike out" clerical assistance and;" and m lme 35, after th~ words" sum of,' to strike out ''2,000" and insert Mr. MANDERSON. I suggest that less than one-fifth of the "500; ' so as read: Senate is present. The1Te is no quorum here. to The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Secretary will cali the roll. The.court shall regulate from time to time the fees to be charged by the said clerk, which shall be accounted for at least once in each quar~er, and The Secretary called the roll, and the following Senators an­ paid i.nto the Treasury of the- United States, and said clerk shall receive such swered to their names: allowance for necessary expenditures in the ~onduct of ~s offi.ee as the court Allen, Frye, Mitchell, Oregon Roach, m determine by special or general order m the premises, but not to ex­ Bate, Gallinger, Mitchell. Wls. Sherman, ce~ the sum of 1MOO in any one year, payable as aforesaid at the Treasury Berry, George, Murphy,. Vest, or the Unit~d States. Butler, Hale, Pasco, Voorheel:!, The amendments were agreed-to. Call, Harris, Pe.JJer, Walsh, Chand1er, Jones, Ark. Perkins, White. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the Cockrell, Kyle, Platt, amendments were concurred in. _ . Daniel, Manderson, Pugh, The amendments were ordered to be engrossed., and th~ bill to be read a third time. The VICE-PRESIDENT. Thn.·ty Senato_rs have answered to The bill was read the third time. their name~. There is not a quorum present. Mr. COCKRELL. Let the names of the absentees be called. Mr. HARRIS. Before the passage of the bill-for. I do :r:ot The VICE-PRESIDENT. The names of the absent Senators wish to interfere with other recognitions-I want to give notice will be called. . that, so soon as two or three othe1· Sen!ltors who hav~ ft.lrea~y The Secretary called the names of the absent Senat'brs, and asked for reCOD"nition have been. recogruzed, I shall ObJect, thm Mr. PALMER and. Mr. TELLER answered to their names. as the Senate ~' to the further consideration of bills this even- Mr. BLACKBURN, Mr. LODGE,Mt·. ALLISON, Mr. POWER, and in'he VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the passage of Mr. DUBOIS entered the Chamber, and answered to their names. the bill. The VICE-PRESIDENT. Thirty-seven Senators have an­ The bill was passed. swered to their-names. There is no quorum present. Mr. HARRIS. There is but one thing to do, and that is to Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. I move that .the Senate r~quest direct the Sergeant-at-Arms to request the attendance ot absent a conference with the House of Representat1ves on the 'J?lll and Senators. I move that he be so requested. amendments. The motion was agreed to. The motion was agreed to. . ·. . . The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Sergeant-at-Arms will execute By unanimous consent, the VIce-President was authorlZed to the order of the Senate. appoint the_conferees on the part of the Senate, and~~ M-rTCH­ J\fr. VILAS, Mr. MOLAURIN, Mr. HUNTON, _Mr. G'ORDON, Mr. ELLof Oregorr, Mr. CoKE, and Mr. VILAS were appomted. . LINDSAY, Mr. DAVIS, and Mr. GRAY entered the Chamber, and HEIRS OF MRS. C0URTNEY ANN CLAIBORNE. answered to their names. .. Mr. BLANCHARD. I ask unanimous consent for the present The VICE-PRESIDENT (at 10 o'clock and 10 minutes a.m. ). consideration of the bill (H. R. 2857) to confirm to the heirs of Forty-four Senators have answered_to. their names. A q·uorum Mrs. Courtney Ann Claiborne the title to a certain tract of land ·is present. in the State of Louisiana. Mr. HARRIS. I move to dispense with further proceedings By unanimous consent, the Senate, as· in Committee of the under the call. Whole proceeded to consider the bill. The VICE-PRESIDENT. Without objection, it is so ordered. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, or­ The Journal will be read. _ dered to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of the proceed­ The preamble was agreed to. ings of Saturday last, when, on motion of Mr. TELLER, and by unanimous consent, the further reading was dispensed with. COLLECTION DISTRICT OF HARTFORD, CONN. PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. Mr. HAWLEY. I ask unanimousconsentfor the present con­ sideration of the bill (S.1835 J to amend an act approved Septem­ M.r. SHERMAN presented a petition of Queen City Lodge, ber 25, 1890, extending the- limits of the collection district of No.162, International Association of Machinists, of Cincinnati, Hartford, Conn. . • Ohio, prayingr for the- governmental control of the telegraph By unanimous consent, the Senate, as m Committee of the service; which was referred to the Committee on Post-Offices Whole proceeded to consider the bill. and Post-Roads. Mr. HAWLEY. If there-is any expl.anati.on requi~ed, I will He also presented petition.s of 123 · hold~rs. o:f life insur!l'~ce say, as there is no written report acco:npanymg the bill, I hold policies, of Ross County; of 132 holders of hfe msurance pohe1es in my hand a letter fro~ the Secretary of the T~easur~ ap-prov­ of Summit County,andof 82 hQlders of life insurance policies, of ing its passage, which IS based upon the report OJ. Special Agent Belmont County, all in the State of Ohio, praying thf!,t mutual Cummings, of the Treasury Department. life insurance companies and associations be exempted from the Mr. HARRIS. Let it be printed in the RECORD. proposed income-tax provision of the pending tariff bill· which were ordered to Ue on the table. Mr. HAWLEY. I am not going to read the let~r. Th:e TreasuriDepartment recommend the passage of the bill, and It Mr. PASCO presented the petition of J. J. Finley and 43other will effect a saving of $2,500 annually. citizens of Florida, holders of life insurance policies, pra.ying The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, or­ that in the passage of any law providing for the taxation of in­ dered to be engrossed for a third reading, re.ad the third time, comes, tQ.e funds of mutual life i?suranc~ companies and ass?­ and passed. ciations be exempted from taxa.tion; which was ordered to he MRS. LEVENIA D. ATHON. on the table. . Mr. PLATT presented a petition of sundry citizens of Volun­ Mr. TURPIE. I ask unanimous consent to call up fOl' present town and Sterling, in the State oi Connecticut, praying for the consideration the bill (S. 1391) granting a pen~ion to Mrs. Le­ enactment of legislation to ena~le the Sta~es to enforce St~te venia D. Athon. laws regulating the sale of substitutes for dairy products; which By unanimous consent, -the Senate, as in Committee of the was referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. Wh'ole, proceeded to consider the bil!. It proposes ~o place on Mr. JONES of Arkansas pre sen ted petitions of sundry citizens the pension roll the name of Levema D. Athon, w1dow of Dr. of Brinkley Wynne, and Forest City, all in the State of Arkansas, James S. Athon, deceased, of Indianapolis). Ind., late a volun­ praying th~t the Wilson tariff bill be. so amended as to exempt teer surgeon in the service of the United States during the war such building and loan associations as make loans exclusively in of 1861, and to pay her a pension at the ra~ of $12 per month. the State in which they were originally organized from paying The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, a tax on incomes and dividends; which were ordered to lie on ordet·ed to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third tj me, the table. . . and passed. Mr. BUTLER presented a petitio~ of_ the 01tycouncilof G~een­ Mr. HARRIS. I move that the· Senate adjourn. viller S.C., p1•aying that: an appropr1ation be made for.anatwnal The motion was agreed to· and (at 4 o'clock and 5 minutes p. exhibit at the Cotton. Smtes and International Exposition to be m.) the Senate adjourned until Monday, May 21, 18941 at 10 held at Atlanta, Ga., in the fall of 1895; which was referred to the· o'clock a. m. Committee on Appropriations.