Construction and (C&D) Reduction Program and Toolkit

Columbia Shuswap Regional District October 2010

Toolkit Contents

Definitions ...... Page 2

Background Information ...... Page 4

Reasons for this Toolkit ...... Page 5

1. Compliance ...... Page 6

2. Reduced Costs ...... Page 6

3. Reducing Environmental Impact ...... Page 9

4. Green Marketing ...... Page 9

Deconstruction and Salvage ...... Page 10

Recommended Steps for Salvage ...... Page 11

Managing Waste ...... Page 12

Source Separation and Contamination Tolerances ...... Page 13

Appendices

Appendix 1: Green Marketing Links ...... Page 14

Appendix 2: Materials Exchange ...... Page 16

Appendix 3: Prohibited Materials List ...... Page 17

Appendix 4: C&D Material Inventory Form ...... Page 18

Appendix 5: Disposal Fees: Scaled ...... Page 19

Scaled Transfer Station ...... Page 20

Unscaled Transfer Station ...... Page 21

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Definitions

◦ “Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste” means waste created by construction and demolition projects including , brick, painted , , doors, windows, insulation, etc .

◦ “” means a class of , which may be disposed at refuse disposal sites other than refuse transfer stations if special handling and disposal techniques are used to avoid creating health hazards, nuisances or environmental , and includes but is not limited to:

(a)

(b) condemned or spoiled foods

(c) contaminated soils

(d) a dead animal

(e) food processing waste

(f) pumping containing soil, sand, gravel, other non-hazardous solids, solids, fats, oils, grease, including:

i. pumping from parking lot drainage sumps

ii. pumping from septage treatment facilities containing residual sludge

iii. pumping from sumps which collect runoff from vehicle washing facilities, but not from facilities used for maintenance of lubrication of automobile components or where solvents or sand blasting are employed for removal of paint, grease or oil

(g) screenings from municipal plants and pump stations

(h) waste asbestos

(i) waste sludge from municipal sewage treatment plants and pump stations

◦ “Marketable Waste” means waste which is disposed of through a Regional District program or a commercial market through waste reduction, , or opportunities.

◦ “Marshalling Area” means areas designated at the refuse disposal facility for recyclable and/or reusable materials. 2

◦ “Mixed Load” means a load combining one or more marketable with unmarketable wastes rendering the entire load unmarketable by virtue of mixing of wastes or the reluctance to separate marketable wastes from unmarketable wastes by the site user, but does not include controlled waste or prohibited waste.

◦ “Recyclable Waste” means marketable wastes, substances or objects collected through a drop depot, curbside or other recycling program.

◦ “Refuse” means discarded or abandoned materials, substances or objects, including, but not limited to, solid wastes such as unmarketable food wastes, market wastes such as fruit and vegetables; combustibles such as leather, wood and unmarketable paper, non-combustibles such as crockery, unmarketable glass, dirt, ashes from fireplaces and on-site incinerators, street sweepings, bulky wastes, un-usable furniture, un-usable construction and demolition refuse such as non-metal pipe, and plastics.

◦ “Small Load” means solid waste to be disposed of at refuse transfer stations not exceeding 1,000 kg net weight at scaled sites or 10 m3 at unscaled sites per open day per credit account holder, or per vehicle (if vehicle is not registered to an credit account).

◦ “Source Separated” means waste including, but not limited to, controlled waste, yard and garden waste, shingles, gypsum, metal waste, recyclable waste or wood waste which is separated by means of a barrier, or placement in containers that clearly distinguish the different types of materials, substances, or objects belonging in the particular class of waste being disposed of.

◦ “” views all wastes as resources and maximizes recycling, minimizes waste, reduces consumption and ensures the entire life cycle of a product will be considered when deciding its value.

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Background Information

In 2007-2008, the Columbia Shuswap Regional District

(CSRD) completed a review of the Solid Waste

Management Plan (SWMP) and in 2009 the SWMP was approved by the CSRD Board of Directors and the

Ministry of Environment.

◦ The SWMP focuses on key recommendations to manage and reduce solid waste in the CSRD. The Vision Statement and first Guiding Principle of the SWMP are that all economic activities within the CSRD will be consistent with a “Zero Waste” community, and that all solid decisions will be based on a Zero Waste approach.

CSRD Waste Composition Other 9% C&D Materials 8% Paper & C&D materials Composite Paper account for Products Board approx. 8% of our 24% 9% region’s waste stream. C&D Plastics Organic 18% Matter diversion will help 32% save valuable space in our .

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Reasons for this Toolkit

Whether you are a commercial contractor or a do-it-yourselfer completing a construction or demolition project, changes to the CSRD Solid Waste Management Program will provide options for the disposal of your material, such as recycling and/or reuse including the costs to do so.

As per Section 2, Refuse Disposal Facilities Tipping Fee and Regulation Bylaw No. 5542:

“No person shall dispose of recyclable waste at a refuse disposal facility other than in the designated recycling area provided that it is source separated.”

This Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Reduction Toolkit was designed to help clarify the regulations set out in Bylaw No. 5542, explain the new fee structure, and serve as a reference for contractors to help maximize the salvage, reuse and recycling of construction and , and to help minimize disposal fees.

Why You Need a C&D Waste Management Program:

1. Compliance 2. Reduce Costs 3. Reduce your Environmental Impact

4. Green Marketing

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1. Compliance

There are a number of materials that are prohibited for burial at CSRD landfills. By setting up a C&D Management Plan at the beginning of your project, these materials can be separated at the source, saving time and money when you reach the landfill (see the List of Material Codes Table on the following page for construction and demolition wastes that must be separated for recycling at refuse disposal facilities). 2. Reduce Costs by Avoiding Disincentive Fees

All materials entering a refuse disposal facility are charged a differential disposal fee, meaning there are variable rates for different materials. If your materials are source- separated (the different material types can easily be separated into the appropriate marshalling areas), the disposal rate will be significantly lower.

Waste entering CSRD refuse disposal facilities will be charged a fee according to material type (the list of material codes is contained in the table on the following page). If multiple materials entering the site are each weighed separately and disposed of in the appropriate marshalling areas, the applicable rate will apply for each material type. If the materials are weighed at one time (i.e. you do not want to weigh each separate material at the scale), but still plan to separate materials into their designated marshalling area, the entire load will be charged based on the material type that represents the highest disposal rate.

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As of January 1st 2011, if multiple materials are mixed to the point that they cannot be separated into their designated marshalling areas for recycling/salvage, a disincentive fee will be charged for mixing the load contents. The entire load of mixed materials will be charged at double the cost of the highest rate material in the load. The purpose of the disincentive fee is to encourage separation of materials to avoid taking up available space in the landfills.

List of material codes Material* Description Disposal Fee – Disposal Fee – If Material If Separated Represents Highest Priced Component of the Load** Asphalt shingles Roofing shingles, not including wrap or $140/tonne $280/tonne torch on membrane Concrete/asphalt Cement, aggregate and water as a $35/tonne $70/tonne pavement/bricks/ hardened mixture; structural concrete, porcelain cinder blocks, asphalt pavement, bricks Refuse Loose household , material that $70/tonne $140/tonne does not fall into one of the other categories (plastic pipe, insulation, carpet, tile, windows, etc.) Gypsum or drywall Off cuts or from new construction $140/tonne $280/tonne or old drywall that has been painted, covered in wallpaper, tiles, etc. Metal Sheet metal, siding, roofing, , $35/tonne $70/tonne flashings, pipe, window frames, doors, wire, bathtubs, fencing, furnaces, etc. Wood waste Un-treated or painted wood, processed as $35/tonne $70/tonne well as unprocessed wood, stumps, tree trunks and limbs greater than 8” in diameter Yard and Garden Organic materials, including, grass, lawn $35/tonne $70/tonne and hedge clippings, grass sod, flowers, weeds leaves, vegetable stacks, shrubs, and shrub and tree branches less than 8’ in diameter Note: only small loads (1000 kg for scaled sites or 10m3 for unscaled) will be accepted at transfer stations. * See Appendix 5 for a more detailed fee list. ** Entire load is charged at the applicable rate.

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Example of a C&D Waste Project:

Your project contains construction wood ends ($35/tonne), refuse ($70/tonne), and gypsum (drywall) pieces ($140/tonne). You may choose one of the following four options:

1) Source Separate at Construction 2) Split Weigh: Weigh your vehicle Site: Deliver individual materials to the upon entering the site, unload your refuse disposal site. You will be gypsum, refuse and wood into the charged $140/tonne for your gypsum, marshalling area, reweighing the $70/tonne for your refuse, and load after each material is $35/tonne for your wood. unloaded. You will be charged $140/tonne for your gypsum, $70/tonne for your refuse, and $35/tonne for your wood.

3) Single Weigh - Separation: Weigh your vehicle upon entering the site, but separate the materials 4) Single Weigh – No Separation: Weigh your into their appropriate marshalling vehicle upon entering the site and do not areas. Upon exiting the site the separate the materials into their marshalling entire load will be charged based areas. The load is charged a disincentive on the material type that fee, which is based on a double charge of the represents the highest disposal material in the load with the highest disposal rate. For this case; $140/tonne for rate. For this example, gypsum is the most the entire load. expensive material at $140/tonne, so the disincentive fee for not separating becomes twice that rate, or $280/tonne for the entire load.

There is no longer a “mixed load” rate in the disposal fee schedule. Any material that does not fall under a designated category in the material list is considered “Refuse”, at a rate of $70/tonne.

The disincentive fee comes into effect January 1, 2011.

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3. Reduce Your Environmental Impact

◦ Through more efficient use of resources, you can reduce your environmental impact by:

◦ Conserving natural resources

◦ Reducing greenhouse gas emissions

◦ Saving valuable air space in landfills

4. Green Marketing

◦ Achieving high construction waste diversion rates provides a distinct marketing advantage for companies, as many customers are now looking for contractors using environmentally responsible practices.

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Deconstruction and Salvage

Some salvageable Recyclable building

building materials materials

Deconstruction is the process of Dimensional Concrete removing a building by disassembly of its building components. This process Heavy timbers Cinder blocks can result in a significant amount of valuable reusable building materials, beams and studs Asphalt pavement and substantial cost savings at the landfill which may offset additional Siding Dimensional lumber labour and handling costs. Insulation Metal piping Heating ducts Gypsum wallboard Electrical equipment Electrical cable Brick Aluminum siding

Light fixtures Metal window frames Pluming fittings Rebar Faucets Metal deck railings

Doors and frames Asphalt shingles

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Recommended Steps for Salvage, Reuse and Recycling

1. Early planning Deconstruction is more labour intensive than conventional demolition. Salvage contractors should be allocated the necessary time to maximize the amount of materials being salvaged and recycled.

2. Consult a contractor Consult a contractor experienced in salvaging structural and non-structural building materials.

3. Conduct a site audit to identify salvage/recycling opportunities Owners and contractors should survey the building for materials that can be salvaged or recycled.

4. Create a deconstruction plan Ask your contractor to draw up a plan specifying the work to be done, including: ◦ assessment and abatement of hazardous and banned materials (i.e. asbestos, abandoned chemicals, etc); ◦ type and amount of materials to be salvaged for reuse; ◦ quantity and type of material to be separated for recycling (i.e. asphalt shingles, gypsum, concrete, bricks, porcelain, asphalt, wood, metal, etc); ◦ procedures for separating and transporting materials off site; ◦ quantities of waste to be disposed of; and ◦ addresses of facilities and names and phone numbers of Regional District contacts accepting the materials generated by your project.

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Managing Construction Waste  Construction of a new building, renovation, or expansion Step 1 • Estimate your waste and Step 4 recyclables • Organize your recycling program ◦ Based on the type Designate a person who will be and size of your responsible for implementing the project, estimate program and monitoring the site. the type and This designated person will be quantity of waste responsible for the tasks below. materials that will

be generated on ◦ Setup of the program on site- site. Look for haulers that supply split

bins or recycling options; place bins close to where materials Step 2 are generated, and place • Choose a recycling garbage receptacles close by to program that suits your prevent garbage from being site placed into the . ◦ Decide what type of collection is ◦ Proper Signage- appropriate for your Each bin or marshalling area site and identify should have a sign clearly your hauling indicating what belongs in each. options. ◦ Prevent contamination and monitor the program- Inspect bins for contaminants Step 3 and remove as necessary; • Create a Waste schedule pick up of bins with Management Plan haulers; consider bins with lids ◦ A Waste or locks to avoid contamination Management Plan or scavenging. will contain all the information needed by any on-site worker to achieve the project’s waste diversion goals and targets. See Appendix 4 for a sample form. 12

Source Separation Source Separation is when recyclables (clean wood, metal, asphalt shingles, etc.) are put into separate bins, a multi-compartment bin, or stored in separate piles on the ground. The materials are then transported to the appropriate facility for recycling. Bin rental can be an expensive part of a construction project, so choose the appropriate bin for your project. For smaller jobs, piling separate materials on the ground then transporting them to the landfill in one bin, trailer, or truck still separated (considered a split load) may be the most cost-effective storage and disposal method. Front end bins are a smaller option than roll off bins- check with bin providers for options that best suit your project.

Contamination Tolerances What its used for:

Asphalt roofing Must not include shingle wrap, torch-on Paving bricks, new asphalt. shingles membrane, or wood pieces.

Concrete/asphalt/ Clear of wood, household garbage, Road base, re-use as new brick/porcelain asbestos, etc. and concrete steel bar should asphalt.

be less than 3’.

Gypsum Wall Board Must not contain asbestos and must be Agricultural bedding material, soil clean of rocks. amendment, new drywall.

Metal No wood attached, no auto parts or auto Recycled into various new bodies. metal materials.

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Appendix 1: Green Marketing Links

 Natural Resources Canada's (NRCan) Office of Energy Efficiency The Office of Energy Efficiency (OEE) provides Canadians with information on energy conservation, energy efficiency and alternative fuels (www.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca).  R-2000 Program The R-2000 program for new single detached homes incorporates components including the R-2000 standard, quality assurance, and home certification, along with training and licensing, on energy efficient and environmentally responsible homes (http://oee.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/residential/energystar-energuide-r2000.cfm?attr=0).  EnviroHome Is a designation given to a select number of new home projects across Canada. To qualify, each home must be certified to the R-2000 Standard and include additional air quality and environmental features beyond what the R-2000 Program requires (http://www.chba.ca/envirohome.aspx).  Terasen Gas Information on natural gas appliances and equipment, energy efficiency tips to save money, and incentive programs to upgrade appliances as well as incentive and rebate programs available to builders and developers (http://www.terasengas.com/Homes/default.htm).  Vancity/Real Estate Foundation Green Building Grant Program The Green Building Grant Program aims to minimize the impacts of climate change and improve sustainable land-use practices by supporting green building initiatives in BC and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions resulting from settlement activity (https://www.vancity.com/MyCommunity/NotForProfit/Grants/ActingOnClimateChang e/GreenBuildingGrant/).  BC Hydro BC Hydro's Power Smart program is aimed at reducing energy consumption by utilizing, for example, more efficient appliances and lighting sources, providing energy-saving solutions to consumers, builders and developers (http://www.bchydro.com/powersmart/).  EnerGuide EnerGuide is a Natural Resources Canada initiative that helps Canadians to purchase energy efficient appliances, heating and cooling equipment, homes, and vehicles (http://oee.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/residential/energystar-energuide- r2000.cfm?attr=0).

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Green Marketing Links cont.

 Energy Star This program provides a rating for appliances, heating and cooling products, doors, windows and skylights. It identifies specific products that meet or exceed premium levels of energy efficiency (http://www.energystar.gov/).  FortisBC FortisBC's PowerSense offers programs for new and existing houses. The New program includes incentives for lighting, windows, and heat pumps (http://www.fortisbc.com/).

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Appendix 2: Materials Exchange

RCBC Materials Exchange Program (MEX)

Established in 1985, the RCBC MEX is a free Province-wide service facilitating the reuse and recycling of discarded products and materials. It's like a dating service for waste! The RCBC MEX program is a completely self-served, web-based program comprised of Residential Reuses Programs and the BC Industrial Materials Exchange (BC IMEX). Use it, it's FREE!

Sign up for an account today! Visit www.bc.reuses.com.

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Appendix 3: Prohibited Materials List CSRD Bylaw 5542 Schedule “E”

The following items are prohibited for disposal at refuse disposal facilities:

(a) auto hulks

(b)

(c) Commercially generated OCC

(d) farm animal carcasses and farm animal body parts

(e) empty waste containers unless they are crushed, shredded or similarly reduced in volume to the maximum practical extent

(f) hazardous waste, except permitted in this bylaw

(g) ignitable wastes

(h) items listed in Schedules of the Recycling Regulation provided there are opportunities to recycle listed items

(i) liquids and semi-solid wastes except as permitted in this bylaw

(j) log yard wastes

(k) PCB's

(l) radioactive wastes

(m) reactive wastes

(n) recyclable asphalt roofing, (refuse sites in Seymour Arm, Skimikin, Glenemma, Trout Lake, Parson, Scotch Creek, Falkland)

(o) recyclable concrete, (refuse sites in Seymour Arm, Skimikin, Glenemma, Trout Lake, Parson, Scotch Creek, Skimikin)

(p) recyclable gypsum board or drywall, (refuse sites in Seymour Arm, Skimikin, Glenemma, Trout Lake, Parson)

(q) solid waste that is on fire or smoldering

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