When Performance Counts

PVC PP PC PA

PBT SMA TPU

POM PU Phenolic Resins

WHEN PERFORMANCE COUNTS

Montan waxes – high performance lubricants for various plastics – made in Germany

WARADUR® E | WARADUR® OP | WARADUR® GE | WARADUR® S MONTAN WAXES MONTAN WAXES

VOELPKER: TO MAKE IDEAS WORK

Introduction Montan waxes – when performance counts

With more than 100 years of production histo- WARADUR® montan waxes are used as high ry, Voelpker is among the most long-standing performance additives in the plastics industry, wax producers in Europe and is internationally due to their unique properties. They serve as renowned as a reliable manufacturer and sup- combined external and internal lubricants, nuc- plier of montan waxes and special wax blends. leation additives and dispersing agents in many types of plastics and processing methods. Mon- True to the motto “to make ideas work”, we do tan waxes are particularly valued for technical- everything to improve and optimize our custo- ly demanding tasks in the engineering plastics MONTAN WAXES mers’ products and processes. field.

WARADUR® montan waxes in addition also pro- Structure vide excellent lubricating and mold release pro- WARADUR® S is a mixture of linear montanic WARADUR® GE is the glycerol ester wax of the perties for thermosets. acids (C28-32). montanic acids. WARADUR® E and WARADUR® OP consist of esters of montanic acids with ethylene glycol res- As a result of the long, linear carbon chain, the Applications and effects of lubricants classes in different thermoplastics pectively butylene glycol. WARADUR® OP in ad- montan waxes exhibit have a good thermal sta- dition to the montanic acid esters also contains bility and a low volatility. Thermo- Flow improvement Release effect Dispersion plastics calcium montanate.

Table 1: Montan waxes are multifunctional additives for most engineering plastics.1 Table 2: Chemical nature, physical data and typical applications of montan waxes

2 3 APPLICATION EXAMPLES APPLICATION EXAMPLES

APPLICATION EXAMPLES Polyolefins (PE, PP) Polyester (PET, PBT, PC)

SMALL CAUSE, GREAT EFFECTS – HIGH EFFECTIVENESS AT WARADUR® OP Powder can be used as a proces- Glass fibre reinforced polyesters contain 20–30 % LOW CONCENTRATIONS sing aid in injection moulding of polyolefins. It ser- of glass fibre or even more and are processed in ves as an excellent wetting and dispersion agent injection moulding processes. To improve the dis- for inorganic fillers (e.g. talc and mineral blends). persion of the glass fibre particles, the flow proper- It improves the flow of the melt and the gloss and ties and mold release, the addition of up to 1.0 % in surface texture of the mouldings. the case of filled or reinforced materials has been proven to be advantageous.

1.0

PET PBT 0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2 Release force (standardlized) Release force

0.0 Polyamide Without WARADUR® E PE wax Oxidized PE wax

Polyamides are processed in many different modi- Glass fibre reinforced Polyamides often contain Table 3: Release force of PBT as a function of different lubricants (0.2 %)1 fications leading sometimes to critical processing more than 20–30 % of glass fibre and are proces- properties, which often show a strong tendency sed in injection moulding processes. To improve to adhere to hot machine parts. Especially highly the dispersion of the glass fibre particles, the flow 15 a filled compounds normally do not flow easily in the properties and mold release, the addition of up to b injection molding tool. This may lead to partial de- 1.0 % WARADUR® E or OP in the case of filled or composition of the polymer and subsequently to reinforced materials has been proven to be ad- c 10 reduced quality of the final product. vantageous.

WARADUR® E and especially the partially sapo- Ca salts of montanic acid - as contained in

nified WARADUR® OP improve the flowability of WARADUR® OP - act as a nucleating agent in (%) Volatility 5 polyamides through internal lubrication. At the PA. The use of nucleating additives is essential in d same time they also reduce the demoulding industrial PA processing to control the structure for- e force and provide a better external release effect mation and to shorten the cycle time. Significantly f than e.g. amide waxes. A concentration of ca. reduced cycle times can be achieved e.g. in in- 0 0.5 % WARADUR® E or OP in unfilled polyamide is jection moulding of PA 6.6. 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 Temperature (°C) typically used.

Table 4: Volatility comparison of lubricants, mass loss as function of the temperature. a) stearic acid, b) glycerol monostearate, c) paraffine wax, d) oligomeric fatty acid ester, e) WARADUR® E, f) polyethylene wax1

1derived from: H. Zweifel et. al, Plastics Handbook, Carl Hanser Verlag

4 5 APPLICATION EXAMPLES APPLICATION EXAMPLES

TPE PVC

TPEs (thermoplastic elastomers) have generally because they reduce the tack power and exhi- WARADUR® OP and WARADUR® E are excellent Lubricanting effect (in polar plastics, e.g. PVC) achieved widespread usage and popularity in bit good lubricant properties at low volatility. One processing additives for PVC. They provide supe- Lubricant Internal External thousands of products, owing to their durability, disadvantage of amide waxes, when used in TPU rior plate out properties, wide processing latitude Fatty alcohol softness and colorability and other benefits. TPUs is their tendency to migrate. This results in the for- and are ideal for clear applications. Primary appli- Aromatic dicarboxylic acid ester Fatty acid ester (short-chain alcohol) (thermoplastic polyurethanes = “TPE-U”) for ex- mation of surface deposits on the final product. In cations are rigid PVC and plasticized PVC during Fatty acid ester (polyfunctional alcohol) liquid ample are extensively used in the automotive, contrast to amide waxes, the tendency of montan calendering, extrusion or injection moulding. Only Fatty acid ester (polyfunctional alcohol) solid Fatty acid ester (univalent alcohol) footwear, transportation and sports industries. The waxes to migrate is neglectible. small amounts are required to provide a significant Calcium stearate combination of rubber-like properties and good increase in internal and external lubrication. Lead stearate, neutral processing features makes thermoplastic polyu- WARADUR® E or WARADUR® have an excellent Ethylene bisstearamide Stearic acid mould release effect in TPU. As a result of their high rethanes (TPUs) an important class of materials. Thermosets & Epoxides Ester of montanic acid, partly sapionified The production of TPU comprises a wide range of compatibility they show no tendency to migrati- Ester of montanic acid Montan waxes combine internal lubrication with Montanic acid very soft to hard types. Due to its flexible, rubbery on and they have a low volatility, even at higher strong release. Therefore, they are also suitable Paraffin wax, melting point 74°C nature TPU tend to adhere to hot machine parts temperatures. The usual concentration is 0.5-1.0 %. Polyethylene, high-molecular-weight, unoxydized for the processing of thermosets like epoxy resins and to cake during processing. For this reason lu- WARADUR® E and OP also improve the flow pro- Polyethylene wax, slightly oxydized and phenolic resins (Novolacs). Internal lubricati- Polyethylene wax, unoxydized brication and release agents must meet special perties of TPU. Also in other thermoplastic elasto- on helps to improve flow properties whilst external requirements. mers like TPE-O, TPE-V montan waxes or special Table 6: Due to their unique properties montan waxes serve as combined lubrication reduce the adhesion of the molding external and internal lubricants. blends of montan waxes with other lubricants compound to hot machine parts and improve The montanic ester waxes WARADUR® E and have been exhibiting positive application results. mold release. WARADUR® OP and also the special WARADUR® OP are preferably used in TPU, wax blend VOELPKER® 6611 are well-introduced in phenolic resins processing.

120

100 WARADUR® E WARADUR® OP 80

60 WARADUR® MONTAN WAXES:

Mass (%) GENERAL ADVANTAGES AT A GLANCE 40

20 • For highly demanding plastic applications

0 • Improvement of processing and end product properties 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 • Internal lubrication: improves flow properties Temperature (°C) • External lubrication: improves mold release Table 5: Volatility: mass loss as a function of the temperature (TGA Analysis) • Wide processing window thanks to high-performance lubrication effects • Non blooming, no exudation or product loss • Improvement of pigment / filler dispersion • Ideal for clear applications

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WARADUR® E Product Information for Plastics Applications WARADUR® OP Product Information for Plastics Applications

Product Description Product Description

WARADUR® E is an ester wax consisting of esters of montanic acids with multihydroxyl alcohols. Montanic acids are straight chained monocarboxylic acids with a chain length in the range of C28 – C32. The corresponding esters exhibit chain length in the range of C58 – C66 and provide this wax with a low volatility, good WARADUR® OP is an ester wax consisting of esters of montanic acids with multihydroxyl alcohols. Montanic acids are straight chained monocarboxylic acids with thermo stability and low migration rates. a chain length in the range of C28 – C32. The corresponding esters exhibit chain length in the range of C58 – C66 and provide this wax with a low volatility, good thermo stability and low migration rates. WARADUR® OP contains calcium montanate in addition to the montanic acid esters. General Advantages General Advantages

High effectiveness at low concentrations: WARADUR® E is extremely versatile and suitable for a wide range of plastics applications as a multi-purpose additive, e.g. release agent, flow improver, dispersing agent, gloss booster, surface improver. WARADUR® E is suitable for engineering plastics, thermosets, PVC etc. High effectiveness at low concentrations: WARADUR® OP is extremely versatile and suitable for a wide range of plastics applications as a multi-purpose additive, e.g. release agent, flow improver, dispersing agent, nucleation agent, gloss booster, surface improver. WARADUR® OP is suitable for engineering plastics, ther- Examples of Use mosets, PVC etc.

. Thermoplastics: PA, PBT, TPE, PC, PVC, styrenics Examples of Use . Thermosets: Epoxy resins, phenolic resins, polyurethane . Dispersing agents for colour masterbatches and filled plastics (talc, glass fibre) . Thermoplastics: PA, PBT, TPE, PC, PVC, styrenics . Thermosets: Epoxy resins, phenolic resins, polyurethane . Dispersing agents for colour masterbatches and filled plastics (talc, glass fibre) Delivery Specifications * Characteristics Unit Target value Method Delivery Specifications *

Acid value * mg KOH/g 15 – 20 mg ISO 2114 Characteristics Unit Target value Method Saponification value * mg KOH/g 140 – 160 ISO 3681 Acid value * mg KOH/g 7 – 14 mg ISO 2114 Drop point * °C 82 – 88 ASTM 3954 Saponification value * mg KOH/g 110 – 130 ISO 3681 Colour – pale yellow AA 3.2.1.505 Drop point * °C 99 – 105 ASTM 3954 Viscosity @ 120 °C mPas 15 – 20 AA 3.2.1.520 Colour – light yellowish AA 3.2.1.505 Density g/cm3 1.00 – 1.02 Ph. Eur. 2.2.5 Viscosity @ 120 °C mPas 150 – 300 AA 3.2.1.520 3 Packaging and Handling Density g/cm 1.00 – 1.02 Ph. Eur. 2.2.5

Physical form Flakes, also available as powder Packaging and Handling Packaging Paper bag or Big Bag Physical form Flakes, also available as powder Storage Store at ambient temperature on a dry place. Protect from heat/overheating and direct sunlight. Packaging Paper bag or Big Bag The minimum remaining period is 1.5 years and is defined as the minimum shelf life at the customer. Thereafter, tests of the chemical characteristics are recommended. The maximum shelf life of 5 years is indicated. Storage Store at ambient temperature on a dry place. Protect from heat/overheating and direct sunlight. The minimum remaining period is 1.5 years and is defined as the minimum shelf life at the customer. Safety Thereafter, tests of the chemical characteristics are recommended. The maximum shelf life of 5 years is indicated.

WARADUR® E Safety . is made from a fossil biological source . reached the criteria for inherent biodegradability (OECD Guideline 301 D, Closed Bottle Test) WARADUR® OP . is not classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic or reprotoxic; no health or environmental hazards are known, provided it is applied in industrial and professional settings . is made from a fossil biological source . in a test for ready biodegradability showed 22 % biodegradability, which can be considered as indication for inherent primary biodegradability, according to OECD (2006) Delivery Time and Availability . is not classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic or reprotoxic; no health or environmental hazards are known, provided it is applied in industrial and professional settings Standard delivery time: 2 – 3 weeks. Preconditions can be met for achieving shorter delivery times on standard products when demanded by the market. According to our raw material supplier, the global supply will be secure at least until 2030. At the same time new sources are already being explored to ensure Delivery Time and Availability product availability also beyond the year 2030. Standard delivery time: 2 – 3 weeks. Preconditions can be met for achieving shorter delivery times on standard products when demanded by the market. According to our raw material supplier, the global supply will be secure at least until 2030. At the same time new lignite deposits are already being explored to Legislation ensure product availability also beyond the year 2030. Food contact legislation: . FDA 175.105 Adhesives ("montan wax") Legislation . FDA 177.2600 Rubber articles intended for repeated use ("montan wax") . FDA 178.3770 For use in lubricants in the fabrication of vinyl chloride plastic food contact articles Food contact legislation: . Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food . FDA 175.105 Adhesives ("montan wax") . FDA 177.2600 Rubber articles intended for repeated use ("montan wax") Other legislation: . FDA 178.3770 For use in lubricants in the fabrication of vinyl chloride plastic food contact articles . RoHS and CONEG compliant . Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food . Listed in all relevant National Inventories Other legislation: For further information, please contact [email protected]. . RoHS and CONEG compliant . Listed in all relevant National Inventories For further information, please contact [email protected].

The information contained herein is believed to be accurate and reliable as of the date issued. However, we do not warrant or guarantee the The information contained herein is believed to be accurate and reliable as of the date issued. However, we do not warrant or guarantee the accuracy or reliability, in particular not for any specific intended use by the customer. It is the responsibility of those to whom we supply our accuracy or reliability, in particular not for any specific intended use by the customer. It is the responsibility of those to whom we supply our products directly or indirectly to ensure that their use of the products complies with existing regulations, laws, legislations and proprietary rights. products directly or indirectly to ensure that their use of the products complies with existing regulations, laws, legislations and proprietary rights. The information given by Völpker Spezialprodukte does not exempt the customer from carrying out inspections and analyses on goods purchased. The information given by Völpker Spezialprodukte does not exempt the customer from carrying out inspections and analyses on goods purchased.

Issued: 2016-01-26, supersedes all previous editions. Issued: 2016-01-26, supersedes all previous editions

Völpker Spezialprodukte GmbH · Fabrikstraße 1 · 39393 Völpke · Germany · Telephone +49 39402 962-0 · www.voelpker.com Völpker Spezialprodukte GmbH · Fabrikstraße 1 · 39393 Völpke · Germany · Telephone +49 39402 962-0 · www.voelpker.com

8 9

WARADUR® GE Product Information for Plastics Applications WARADUR® S Product Information for Plastics Applications

Product Description Product Description WARADUR® GE is a glycerol ester wax of montanic acids and exhibits a slightly higher molecular weight as WARADUR® E. Montanic acids are straight chained WARADUR® S is a mixture of montanic acids. Montanic acids are straight chained monocarboxylic acids with a chain length in the range of C28 – C32 and exhibit monocarboxylic acids with a chain length in the range of C28 – C32. The corresponding glycerol esters exhibit chain length in the range of ca. C60 avg. and provide a good thermo stability and a low volatility. this wax with a low volatility, good thermo stability and low migration rates. General Advantages General Advantages High effectiveness at low concentrations: WARADUR® S is suitable for a wide range of plastics applications, mainly as external release agent, dispersing agent, High effectiveness at low concentrations: WARADUR® GE is extremely versatile and suitable for a wide range of plastics applications as a multi-purpose additive, gloss booster and surface improver. WARADUR® S is suitable for engineering plastics, thermosets, etc. e.g. release agent, flow improver, dispersing agent, gloss booster, surface improver. WARADUR® GE is suitable for engineering plastics, thermosets, PVC etc. Examples of Use Examples of Use . Thermoplastics: ABS and copolymers . Thermoplastics: PA, PBT, TPE, PC, PVC, styrenics . Thermosets: Epoxy resins, phenolic resins . Thermosets: Epoxy resins, phenolic resins, polyurethane . Dispersing agents for colour masterbatches . Dispersing agents for colour masterbatches and filled plastics (talc, glass fibre) Delivery Specifications * Delivery Specifications * Characteristics Unit Target value Method

Characteristics Unit Target value Method Acid value * mg KOH/g 135 – 160 mg ISO 2114

Acid value * mg KOH/g 13 – 30 mg ISO 2114 Saponification value * mg KOH/g 155 – 180 ISO 3681 Saponification value * mg KOH/g 130 – 165 ISO 3681 Drop point * °C 80 – 88 ASTM 3954 Drop point * °C 80 – 88 ASTM 3954 Colour – pale yellow AA 3.2.1.505 Colour – pale yellow AA 3.2.1.505 Viscosity @ 120 °C mPas 10 – 15 AA 3.2.1.520 Viscosity @ 120 °C mPas 15 – 30 AA 3.2.1.520 Density g/cm3 1.00 – 1.02 Ph. Eur. 2.2.5 Density g/cm3 1.00 – 1.02 Ph. Eur. 2.2.5 Packaging and Handling Packaging and Handling Physical form Flakes, also available as powder Physical form Flakes, also available as powder Packaging Paper bag or Big Bag Packaging Paper bag or Big Bag Storage Store at ambient temperature on a dry place. Protect from heat/overheating and direct sunlight. Storage Store at ambient temperature on a dry place. Protect from heat/overheating and direct sunlight. The minimum remaining period is 1.5 years and is defined as the minimum shelf life at the customer. The minimum remaining period is 1.5 years and is defined as the minimum shelf life at the customer. Thereafter, tests of the chemical characteristics are recommended. The maximum shelf life of 5 years is indicated. Thereafter, tests of the chemical characteristics are recommended. The maximum shelf life of 5 years is indicated. Safety Safety WARADUR® S WARADUR® GE . is made from a fossil biological source . is made from a fossil biological source . is not classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic or reprotoxic; no health or environmental hazards are known, provided it is applied in industrial and professional settings . based on data from similar montan ester waxes: expected to reach the criteria for inherent biodegradability (OECD Guideline 301 D, Closed Bottle Test) . is not classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic or reprotoxic; no health or environmental hazards are known, provided it is applied in industrial and professional settings Delivery Time and Availability

Delivery Time and Availability Standard delivery time: 2 – 3 weeks. Preconditions can be met for achieving shorter delivery times on standard products when demanded by the market. According to our raw material supplier, the global supply will be secure at least until 2030. At the same time new sources are already being explored to ensure Standard delivery time: 2 – 3 weeks. Preconditions can be met for achieving shorter delivery times on standard products when demanded by the market. product availability also beyond the year 2030. According to our raw material supplier, the global supply will be secure at least until 2030. At the same time new sources are already being explored to ensure product availability also beyond the year 2030. Legislation

Legislation Food contact legislation: . FDA 175.105 Adhesives ("montan wax") Food contact legislation: . FDA 177.2600 Rubber articles intended for repeated use ("montan wax") . FDA 175.105 Adhesives ("montan wax") . Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food . FDA 177.2600 Rubber articles intended for repeated use ("montan wax") Other legislation: . Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food . RoHS and CONEG compliant Other legislation: . Listed in all relevant National Inventories . RoHS and CONEG compliant For further information, please contact [email protected].

. Listed in all relevant National Inventories For further information, please contact [email protected].

Issued: 2016-01-26, supersedes all previous editions Issued: 2016-01-26, supersedes all previous editions

10 11 VÖLPKER Spezialprodukte GmbH Fabrikstraße 1 | 39393 Völpke | Germany Tel. +49 (0) 39402 962-0 Fax +49 (0) 39402 215 [email protected] www.voelpker.com

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4th edition | 01.02.2016

Disclaimer The information contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable as of the date issued. However, we do not warrant or guarantee the accuracy or reliability, in particular not for any specific intended use by the customer. It is the responsibility of those to whom we supply our products directly or indirectly to ensure that their use of the product complies with existing regulations, laws, legislations and proprietary rights. The information given by Völpker Spezialprodukte does not exempt the customer from carrying out inspections and analyses on goods purchased.