Assessment of Faecal Sludge Management SFD factsheets for 30 Cities in

Hastinapur Bijnor Loni Target towns / cities under various programmes Hapur Chandousi AMRUT Namami Gange

Aligarh

Agra Basti - Fatehpur Saidpur Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Nagar Chunar Ramnagar Research Director and Co-ordinator: Dr Suresh Kumar Rohilla

Writers: Bhitush Luthra, Rahul Mankotia, Shantanu Kumar Padhi, Bhavik Gupta, Anil Yadav and Amrita Bhatnagar

Research Support: Abhinay Saxena, Arjun Sharma, Harsh Yadav, Hemant Arora, Manish Mishra, Naveen Kumar, Neha Gupta, Nirdesh Joshi, Rajeev Prajapati, Sachin Sahani, Sarim Ansari, Sonam Gupta, Sanpreet Kaur and Vandana Bharti

Creative Director: Ajit Bajaj

Design & Infographics: Ritika Bohra and Anil Yadav

Production: Rakesh Srivastava and Surender Singh

This report would not have been possible without the constant support of Local Body Directorate of Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam and Urban Local Bodies of target cities

© 2018 Centre for Science and Environment

We are grateful to Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for their support to CSE -Department of Urban Development, Uttar Pradesh for mainstreaming Faecal Sludge and Septage Management in Uttar Pradesh

Suresh Rohilla, Bhitush Luthra et al 2018. Assessment of Faecal Sludge Management — Factsheets for 30 Cities in Uttar Pradesh, Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi

Material from this publication can be used, but with acknowledgement.

Printed at Bravo Printex CONTENTS

Agra …………………………………………………………… 2

Aligarh ………………………………………………………… 4

Allahabad ……………………………………………………… 6

Amroha ………………………………………………………… 8

Ayodhya-Faizabad ……………………………………………… 10

Ballia …………………………………………………………… 12

Baraut ………………………………………………………… 14

Basti …………………………………………………………… 16

Bahraich ………………………………………………………… 18

Bijnor …………………………………………………………… 20

Chandausi ……………………………………………………… 22

Chunar ………………………………………………………… 24

Fatehpur ………………………………………………………… 26

Firozabad ……………………………………………………… 28

Gangaghat ……………………………………………………… 30

Gorakhpur ……………………………………………………… 32

Hapur …………………………………………………………… 34

Hastinapur ……………………………………………………… 36

Jhansi …………………………………………………………… 38

Kanpur ………………………………………………………… 40

Loni …………………………………………………………… 42

Lucknow ………………………………………………………… 44

Meerut ………………………………………………………… 46

Moradabad …………………………………………………… 48

Pt Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Nagar ……………………………… 50

Raebareli ……………………………………………………… 52

Ramnagar ……………………………………………………… 54

Saidpur ………………………………………………………… 56

Shikohabad …………………………………………………… 58

Varanasi ………………………………………………………… 60

1 AGRA CITY PROFILE

Population: 1,874,542 gra lies in Indo-Gangetic plain, 363 km west of state Acapital, Lucknow and 200 kilometres south from Municipal area: 141 sq.km. national capital, Delhi. Agra is a major tourist destination Name of local government: because of its impressive Mughalera monuments, specially Nagar Nigam Agra the . SFD graphic

Service outcomes Containment

1% Toilet discharges directly to a centralised foul/separate sewer 7% Toilet discharges directly to open drain or storm sewer

42% Toilet discharges directly to 'don't know where' Toilet discharges directly to open ground 45% Septic tank connected to open drain or storm sewer Lined pit with semi-permeable walls and open bottom, no outlet or overflow 2%

2% 1% Open defecation Figure 1: Septic tank having outlet connected to open drain 2 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 6 20-25 Licensed / Yes No registered Record Yes No maintained Fee charged 500 800 - 4,000 No of manual Could not be tracked emptiers Fee charged by manual Could not be tracked emptiers Figure 2: Emptying of septic tank

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 20-25 (Avg.- 22) 6 No of trips per 3 1 tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 5,000 litres 5,000-6,000 litres

Figure 3: Tractor mounted vacuum tanker Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility Yes No present Type of facility UASBR NA

Generated 221.25 MLD 260 KLD

Treated 135.75 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal No No site

Figure 4: Treatment of sewage by UASBR technology Location of city

Agra Data collected by CSE team, September 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: Sludge drying bed unit 3 ALIGARH CITY PROFILE Population: 889,408 ligarh formerly Allygurh & Koil) is a city in the Northern Municipal area: 40 sq.km. AIndian state of Uttar Pradesh that is famous for lock industries and the administrative headquarters of the Name of local government: . Aligarh is one of the largest cities in Uttar Aligarh Municipal Corporation Pradesh, and is the 55th largest city in .

SFD graphic

Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 19 July 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

WW contained: 4%

Offsite SN not sanitation contained: 18%

SN not contained: 33%

Onsite 8% FS sanitation FS contained-not emptied: 8% contained- FS contained: 16% not emptied FS contained-emptied: 8%

FS not contained – emptied: 9% FS not contained: 21%

Open Defecation 8% 8% 8% 12% 17% 33% 22% Open FS not FS not SN not WW not defecation contained- delivered to delivered to delivered to 92% not emptied treatment treatment treatment

Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

Sewerage system 5% 4% 5% 13% Night soil disposed directly to open drain

Population practicing open defecation 8% 32% Septic tank + open drain Fully - lined tank + open drain

Lined pit+semi-permeable walls and open 33% bottom with no outlet significant risk Night soil disposed directly to open ground

Figure 1: Drums used as containment 4 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 4 3 Licensed / Yes NA registered Record Yes NA maintained Fee charged INR 800-2,000 INR 800-2,000 No of manual Could not be tracked emptiers Fee charged by manual Could not be tracked emptiers Figure 2: Toilets directly connected to open driain

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 7 0 No of trips per 4 - 6 NA tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 5,000 litres NA

Figure 3: Tractor mounted vacuum tanker

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility No No present Type of facility NA NA

Generated 88.94 MLD 84 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal NA No site

Figure 4: Waste water flowing into the river

Aligarh Data collected by CSE team, July 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: Waste water used for agriculture Figure 1: Drums used as containment 5 ALLAHABAD CITY PROFILE Population: 1,112,544 llahabad, also known as Prayag is one of the largest Municipal area: 350 sq.km. Acommercial centres in Uttar Pradesh. It lies in Indo-Gangetic plain, 200 km from the state capital, Lucknow. Name of local government: The city is situated at the confluence of three rivers – Ganga, Allahabad Municipal Corporation and the invisible Saraswati. The meeting point is known as Triveni (or Sangam) and is very sacred to . SFD graphic

Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 26 July 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

43% WW treated Offsite WW WW contained delivered to treatment: 56% sanitation contained: 60%

3% SN treated SN Not SN Not contained delivered to treatment: 4% contained: 8% 3% FS c–ontained - FS contained – not emptied: 3% not emptied FS contained: 9% Onsite FS contained – emptied: 6% FS delivered to treatment: 6% 4% FS treated sanitation FS not contained – emptied: 6% FS Not contained: 19%

Open 3% Defecation 53%

3% 13% FS not 6% 4% 4% 2% 1% 14% Open contained FS not SN not WW not FS SN not WW defecation - not delivered to delivered to delivered to not treated not 47% emptied treatment treatment treatment treated treated Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

Pipe sewer 5% 10% 5% Septic tank connected to open drain 15% Lined tank with impermeable walls and open bottom 1% 3% Toilet discharges directly to open drain

61% Open defecation

Figure 1: Septic tank connected to open drain 6 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 3 5-6 Licensed / Yes 2 registered Record Yes Yes maintained Fee charged INR 1,500-2,000 INR 800-4,000 No of manual 50-60 emptiers Fee charged by manual INR 5,000 emptiers Figure 2: Tractor mounted tanker for emptying

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 5-6 3 No of trips per 1-2 0-1 tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 4,000-6,000 litres 5,000-6,000 litres

Figure 3: ULB owned truck mounted vacuum tanker Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility Yes Yes present Type of facility STP STP

Generated 288 MLD 72 KLD

Treated 265 MLD 111 KLD Designated disposal River Ganga and SPS and manhole site Yamuna

Figure 4: Oxidation tank in STP, Allahabad Data collected by CSE team, July 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Allahabad Figure 5: Supernatant and WW discharged into river Ganga 7 AMROHA CITY PROFILE

Population: 198,741 mroha is located in the of Uttar Municipal area: 9 sq.km. APradesh, India. The city was previously known as JP Nagar. Name of Amroha drove out from the word Name of local government: (Sanskrit) AmrMango and Vanam forest and also Rohu Nagar Palika Parishad Amroha species of fish. The city of mangoes, is famous for some of its cotton textiles. SFD graphic

Amroha, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 9 October 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

Offsite sanitation

SN not contained: 50%

Onsite 9% FS sanitation FS contained-not emptied: 9% FS contained- contained: 17% not emptied FS contained-emptied: 8%

FS not contained – emptied: 16% FS not contained: 32%

Open Defecation 9% 16% FS not 24% 50% 1% contained FS not SN not WW not - not delivered to delivered to delivered to 91% emptied treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

Septic tank connected to open drain or storm sewer 32%

Toiet discharge directly to open drain or storm sewer

67% Fully lined tank (sealed) 1% connected to open drain or storm sewer

Figure 1: Fully lined tank of a house under construction 8 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 2 15 Licensed / No No registered Record No No maintained Fee charged INR 700 INR 800 No of manual 10 emptiers Fee charged by manual INR 1,000 - 1,500 emptiers Figure 2: Government tanker used for emptying

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 10 0 No of trips per 2 NA tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 4,000 litres NA Figure 3: Tractor mounted vacuum tanker Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility No No present Type of facility NA NA

Generated 19.84 MLD 78 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal NA No site

Figure 4: SN and WW disposed in open ground

Amroha Data collected by CSE team, July 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: Discharge of faecal sludge in agriculture land 9 AYODHYA-FAIZABAD CITY PROFILE

Population: 2,21,118 yodhya - Faizabad is in of district AFaizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Ayodhya and Faizabad Municipal area: 26.26 sq.km. cities are the tourist places of historical and archaeological Name of local government: importance, which are located on the banks of Saryu River. Ayodhya Municipal Corporation SFD graphic

Ayodhya/Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 4 Aug 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

9% WW Offsite WW contained: 6% WW contained delivered to treatment: 5% Treated sanitation WW not WW not contained delivered to treatment: 5% contained: 8% 2% Treated

SN not contained: 22% 4% FS contained - FS contained – not emptied: 4% not emptied FS contained: 10% FS contained – emptied: 6% 2% FS treated Onsite sanitation FS not contained – emptied: 17%

FS not contained: 47%

Open 7% Defecation 17%

7% 30% 20% 19% 4% 1% 1% 1% open FS not FS not SN not WW not FS not SN not WW not defecation contained- delivered to delivered to delivered to treated treated treated 83% not emptied treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

Piped sewer system 2% Toilet discharges directly to open drain 7% 6% 6% Toilet discahrges directly to open ground 5% 3% Septic tank connected to soak pit 10% Septic tank with outlet connected to open drain 18% Fully lined tank with outlet connected to open drain

Fully lined tank connected to open ground 23% Lined tank with impermeable walls and open bottom 20% Unlined pit Open defecation Figure 1: Septic tank under construction 10 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 1 5 Licensed / Yes No registered Record Yes No maintained Fee charged INR 1,500 - 3,000 INR 1,500 - 2000 No of manual 100 - 120 emptiers Fee charged by manual Could not be tracked emptiers Figure 2: Emptying of FS

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 6 0 No of trips per 1 NA tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 5,000 litres NA Figure 3: Transport of FS through nullah

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility Yes No present Type of facility STP NA

Generated 23.17 MLD 40 KLD

Treated 7 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal NA No site

Figure 4: Sewage treatment plant

Ayodhya-Faizabad Data collected by CSE team, September 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: Disposal of FS in low lying areas Figure 1: Septic tank under construction 11 BALLIA CITY PROFILE Population: 104,424 allia is also known as Bagi Ballia (“Rebel Ballia”), because Ballia Municipal area: 16 sq.km. Bgained independence twice, first on 19 August 1942 for one day, and the second time with India. The eastern boundary of the city lies at the Name of local government: junction of two major rivers, the Ganges and the .The city is Nagar Palika Parishad Ballia situated 140 km (87 mi) east of Varanasi. Bhojpuri is the primary local language. SFD graphic

Ballia, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 12 October 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

Offsite WW contained: 10% sanitation

SN not contained: 18% 3% FS contained- FS contained: 7% FS contained-emptied: 4% not emptied Onsite sanitation FS not contained – emptied: 12% FS not contained: 35%

Open 30% Defecation

3% 30% 23% 16% 18% 10% Open FS not FS not SN not WW not defecation contained- delivered to delivered to delivered to 97% not emptied treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

0% Sewer 2% Toilet discharging directly in to open drain 8% 10% Toilet discharging directly in to open ground

13% Septic tanks connected to open drain Septic tanks connected to soakpit 30% 7% Fully lined tank connected to open drain Fully lined tank connected to open ground Unlined pit 23% 5% Open defecation 2% Lined tank with impermeable walls and open bottom Figure 1: Septic tank of a household 12 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 1 5 Licensed / Yes NA registered Record Yes NA maintained Fee charged INR 1000 - 1200 INR 1800 - 2000 No of manual 350 - 400 emptiers Fee charged by manual INR 1,000-1,500 emptiers Figure 1: Emptying of septic tank

Transport Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 1 0

No of trips per 6 NA tanker per day

Capacity of vehicle 3,000 - 5,000 litres NA Figure 3: Tractor mounted emptying vehicle

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility No No present Type of facility No NA

Generated 12 MLD 34 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal No No site Figure 4: Disposal in agriculture land

Data collected by CSE team, July 2018 Data collected by CSE team, Ballia

Source: Figure 5: FS disposed in agriculture land Figure 1: Septic tank of a household 13 BARAUT CITY PROFILE

Population: 103,764 araut is an important town and in district of BUttar Pradesh state in India. Baraut is located 55 kilometers Municipal area: 10.36 sq.km. from Delhi (the national capital of India) and 601 kilometers Name of local government: from state capital Lucknow and is within the National Capital Baraut Nagar Palika Parishad Region (NCR). Baraut city is famous for the manufacturing of rim axle and cultivation of sugarcane. SFD graphic

Baraut, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 29 August 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

Offsite WW contained: 6% sanitation

SN not contained: 45%

Onsite 2% FS sanitation contained- not emptied FS contained: 17% FS contained-emptied: 15%

FS not FS not contained - emptied: 23% contained: 28%

Open 2% Defecation 2% 2% 5% 38% 45% 8% Open FS not FS not SN not WW not defecation contained - delivered to delivered to delivered to 98% not emptied treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

3% 2% Piped sewer system

5% 6% Toilet discharges directly to open drain

Septic tank with outlet connected to open drain 34% Fully lined tank with outlet connected to open drain 50% Lined tank with impermeable walls and open bottom

Open defecation Figure 1: Fully lined tank of a household 14 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 1 5 Licensed / Yes No registered Record Yes No maintained Fee charged INR 1,000 INR 1,500 No of manual Could not be tracked emptiers Fee charged by manual Could not be tracked emptiers Figure 2: Government tanker used for emptying

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 5 1 No of trips per 7 2 tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 4,000 litres 5,000 litres Figure 3: Tractor mounted vacuum tanker

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility No No present Type of facility No NA

Generated 10 MLD 32 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal NA No site

Figure 4: Faecal sludge discharged into sugarcane field

Baraut Data collected by CSE team, August 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: Faecal sludge discharged into drain leading to fields Figure 1: Fully lined tank of a household 15 BASTI CITY PROFILE Population: 114,657 asti district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state, Municipal area: 19.47 sq.km. BIndia and Basti town is the district headquarters. The river Kuwana and Ghaghara are the main rivers, besides Name of local government: these rivers there are so many rivers, nalas and ponds in Nagar Palika Parishad Basti the area.

SFD graphic

Basti, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 2 August 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

Offsite WW not sanitation contained: 10%

SN not contained: 27%

6% FS contained- FS contained: 9% FS not contained – emptied: 6% not emptied Onsite sanitation FS not contained - emptied: 9%

FS not contained: 43%

Open Defecation 11% 6% 11% 34% 12% 27% 10% Open FS not FS not SN not WW not defecation contained - delivered to delivered to delivered to 94% not emptied treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment Sewer 0% 2% Toilet discharging directly to open drain 3% 12% 7% Toilet discharging directly to open ground Septic tanks connected to soakpit 5% 19% Septic tanks connected to open drain 9% Fully lined tanks connected to open drains Fully lined tanks connected to open ground 19% 24% Lined tank with impermeable walls and open bottom Unlined pit Open defecation Figure 1: Septic tank under construction 16 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 1 6 Licensed / Yes NA registered Record Yes NA maintained Fee charged INR 1,000 - 1,200 INR 1,800 - 2,000 No of manual 100 - 150 emptiers Fee charged by manual INR 1,000/ft - 1,500/ft emptiers Figure 1: Emptying of septic tank

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 1 0 No of trips per 6 NA tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 5,000 litres NA

Figure 3: Tractor mounted emptying vehicle

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility No No present Type of facility No NA

Generated 11 MLD 38 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal No No site Figure 4: Disposal into drain

Basti Data collected by CSE team, July 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: SN from septic tank discharging into open drain 17 BAHRAICH CITY PROFILE

Population: 186,223 ahraich is a rich historic city of Uttar Pradesh State Bin of India. It is the administrative Municipal area: 13.3 sq.km. headquarter of district Behraich. It is located on the bank Name of local government: of Saryu River, a tributary of river Ghaghra. The city is about Nagar Palika Parishad Behraich 125 km North-East of state’s capital Lucknow. SFD graphic

Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 14 August 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

WW contained: 7% Offsite sanitation WW not contained: 14%

SN not contained: 21% 2% FS contained - FS contained: 8% FS contained - emptied: 6% not emptied Onsite sanitation FS not contained – emptied: 19%

FS not contained: 42%

Open Defecation 8% 2% 8% 23% 25% 21% 21% Open FS not FS not SN not WW not defecation contained - delivered to delivered to delivered to 98% not emptied treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

Pipe sewer 8% 7% Toilet discharged directly into open drain 5% 8% Toilet discharged directly into open ground 5% 5% Septic tank connected to open drain 10% Fully lined tank connected to open drain Septict tank connected to soakpit 20% Fully lined tank connected to soakpit 12% Lined tank with impermeable walls and open bottom 20% Unlined pit Open defecation

Figure 1: A septic tank connected to open drain 18 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 1 5 Licensed / Yes No registered Record Yes No maintained Fee charged INR 1,000-1,200 INR 1,800-2,000 No of manual 250-300 emptiers Fee charged by manual INR 6,000 emptiers Figure 2: Emptying of a fully lined tank connected to open drain

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 6 0 No of trips per 1 NA tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 5,000 litres NA Figure 3: Tractor mounted vacuum tanker

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility No No present Type of facility NA NA

Generated 13 MLD 30 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal NA No site Figure 4: Faecal sludge discharged into agriculture field

Bahraich Data collected by CSE team, August 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: Cleaning of clogged tanker 19 BIJNOR CITY PROFILE Population: 93,297 ijnor is located 12 km west to the bank of River Ganga Municipal area: 3.6 sq.km. Band 460 km from Lucknow, the state capital of Uttar Pradesh. Bijnor is the district headquarter of . Name of local government: The geographical coordinates of Bijnor are 290° 9’ 0” North Nagar Palika Parishad Bijnor and 780° 16’ 0” East. The topography of Bijnor district is majorly plain. SFD graphic Date: 3rd July 2017 Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh SFD Level: 3 – Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

Offsite sanitation WW not contained: 6%

SN not contained: 45%

Onsite sanitation 7% FS contained FS contained – not emptied: 7% – not emptied

FS contained: 49% FS contained – emptied: 42%

Open defecation 7%

42% FS not 45% SN not 6% WW not delivered to delivered delivered treatment to treatment to treatment 93%

Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal Sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed Service outcomes Containment

4% 6% Night soil disposed directly to open drain/open ground

Septic Tank + Open drain

Fully - Lined Tank + Open drain 46% 44% Lined Pit+Semi-permeable walls and open bottom with no outlet significant risk

Figure 1: Septic tank of a household 20 Emptying

Service Government Private operator(s) provided by No of vehicles 0 5 Licensed / NA No registered Record NA No maintained Fee charged NA INR 1,500 - 2,000 No of manual 200 - 250 emptiers Fee charged by manual INR 2,500 emptiers Figure 2: Contact number of private emptier on walls

Transport

Type of emptying Tractor mounted Truck mounted vehicles No of vehicles 5 0 No of trips per 4-5 trips/week 0 tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 5,000 litres NA Figure 3: Tractor mounted vacuum tanker

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility Yes No present Type of facility UASBR NA

Generated 24 MLD 12 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal No No site

Figure 4: Discharge of faecal sludge in low lying area

Bijnor Data collected by CSE team, September 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: STP under construction Figure 1: Septic tank of a household 21 CHANDAUSI

CITY PROFILE

Population: 114,383 handausi is a municipality in district in the state Cof Uttar Pradesh, India. The original name of the city was Municipal area: 8.8 sq.km. “Chaand Si”, meaning “moon like” (in Indian Poetry the Name of local government: moon is considered to be beautiful). Chandausi is known for Nagar Palika Parishad Chandausi mint oil which has become the city’s main trade. SFD graphic

Chandausi, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 9 October 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

Offsite WW contained: 8% sanitation

SN not contained: 45%

Onsite sanitation 6% FS contained- FS contained-not emptied: 6% FS contained: 12% not emptied FS contained-emptied: 6%

FS not contained – emptied: 16% FS not contained: 32%

Open Defecation 6% 3% 16% 22% 45% 8% open FS not SN not SN not WW not defecation contained-not delivered to delivered to delivered to 94% emptied treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

Fully lined tank (sealed) 4% connected to open drain or 4% storm sewer 10% Septic tank connected to open drain or storm sewer Toiet discharge directly to 22% 60% open drain or storm sewer Toilet discharge directly to a centralized combined sewer

Open defecation

22 Figure 1: Fully lined tank under construction Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 0 10 Licensed / NA No registered Record NA No maintained Fee charged NA INR 1,500-2,500 No of manual 150 emptiers Fee charged by manual INR 2,500-3,000 emptiers Figure 2: Temporary cover of septic tank for easy emptying

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 02 0 No of trips per 2-3 NA tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 5,000 litres NA Figure 3: Tractor mounted vacuum tanker Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility No No present Type of facility NA NA

Generated 11.43 MLD 50 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal NA No site

Figure 4: Faecal sludge discharge point in Sot river

Chandausi Data collected by CSE team, August 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: Faecal sludge discharged on banks of Sot river 23 CHUNAR

CITY PROFILE

Population: 37,185 hunar is situated along the banks of River Ganga Cand River Jirgo, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Municipal area: 14 sq.km. The city lies in the Vidhyan Range, 42 km from the Name of local government: district headquarters, Mirzapur and at a distance of 273 Nagar Palika Parishad Chunar km from the state capital, Lucknow. The city is famous for pottery, especially of clay toys. SFD graphic

Chunar, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 6th July 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

Offsite sanitation

SN not contained: 28%

3% FS contained – not emptied Onsite sanitation FS contained: 28% FS conained – emptied 25%

FS not FS not conained – emptied 6% contained: 13%

Open 31% Defecation

3% 31% 7% 31% 28% open FS not FS not SN not defecation contained delivered to delivered to 97% treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

Septic tank connected to open drain 29%

Lined pit semi-permeable walls and open bottom with 60% no outlet ‘significant risk’ 11% Population practicing open defecation Figure 1: SN of septic tank discharging in open drain 24 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 0 0 Licensed / NA NA registered Record NA NA maintained Fee charged NA NA No of manual 20-30 emptiers Fee charged by manual INR 1,500-2,000 emptiers Figure 2: Temporary opening for easy emptying of tank

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 0 0 No of trips per NA NA tanker per day Capacity of vehicle NA NA Figure 3: SN transported via open drain

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility No No present Type of facility NA NA

Generated 3.71MLD 4.5 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal NA No site

Figure 4: Faecal sludge disposal point near river Data collected by CSE team, October 2016 Data collected by CSE team, Chunar Source: Figure 5: Faecal sludge disposal point in drain Figure 1: SN of septic tank discharging in open drain 25 FATEHPUR

CITY PROFILE

Population: 193,193 atehpur is a city and a municipal board located in FFatehpur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Municipal area: 56.98 sq.km. Located on the banks of the sacred rivers Ganges and Name of local government: Yamuna. This district is situated between two important Nagar Palika Parishad Fatehpur cities Allahabad and Kanpur of Uttar Pradesh. SFD graphic

Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 7 August 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

Offsite WW not contained: 6% sanitation

SN not contained: 35%

Onsite 15 % FS sanitation FS contained: 18% FS contained- not emptied: 15% contained - not emptied

FS not contained - emptied: 5% FS not contained: 26%

Open 15% Defecation 15% 15% 21% 8% 35% 6% Open FS not FS not SN not WW not defecation contained - delivered to delivered to delivered to not emptied treatment treatment treatment 85% Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

1% 1% Septic tank connected to open drain

Unlined pit

15% 18% Directly discharging to drain

5% 3% Fully lined tank connected to open drain 5% Lined tank with impermeable open bottom

Open defecation

Septic tank connected to soak pit 52% Toilet discharges directli to water body Figure 1: Septic tank under construction 26 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 1 6 Licensed / Yes No registered Record Yes No maintained Fee charged INR 1,000 INR 1,500 No of manual could not be tracked emptiers Fee charged by manual could not be tracked emptiers Figure 2: Emptying of pit

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 7 0 No of trips per 3 NA tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 4,000 litres NA Figure 3: SN transported to open ground via drain

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility No No present Type of facility NA NA

Generated 20 MLD 40 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal NA No site

Figure 4: Discharge of faecal sludge in low lying areas

Fatehpur Data collected by CSE team, August 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: Discharge of faecal sludge at the road side Figure 1: Septic tank under construction 27 FIROZABAD

CITY PROFILE

Population: 603,797 irozabad is a city situated in in FUttar Pradesh, India. It is also the administrative Municipal area: 34.90 sq.km. headquarter of Firozabad district. It is known as the Name of local government: “Bangle city”. From early times, it was famous for glass Firozabad Municipal Corporation and bangle works, and its related small scale industry is famous throughout the world. SFD graphic

Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 15 October 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

1% WW WW contained: 8% Treated Offsite sanitation WW not contained: 14%

SN not contained: 34%

2% FS Onsite contained- sanitation not emptied FS contained: 16% FS contained-emptied: 14%

FS not FS not contained - emptied: 17% contained: 23%

Open Defecation 5% 3%

5% 6% 31% 34% 20% 1% Open FS not FS not SN not WW not WW not defecation contained - delivered to delivered to delivered to treated 97% not emptied treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

Toilet discharge connected to Sewer

6% 8% Night soil disposed in open drain 4% 12% Toilet connected to open ground 2% Septic tank connected to open drain 37% Fully line tank connected to open drain 31% Unlined pit

Open defecation Figure 1: Supernatant of a tank discharges into open drain 28 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 3 12 Licensed / Yes No registered Record Yes No maintained Fee charged INR 1,200 INR 800 No of manual 200 emptiers Fee charged by manual INR 1,000-1,500 emptiers Figure 2: Advertisement by private emptiers for emptying service

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 0 15 No of trips per NA 3-5 tanker per day Capacity of vehicle NA 4,000 litres Figure 3: Truck mounted vacuum tanker

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility Yes No present Type of facility STP NA

Generated 80 MLD 55 KLD

Treated 1 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal Agriculture land No site

Figure 4: 3 MLD sewage treatment plant in Dubrai

Firozabad Data collected by CSE team, August, 2018 August, Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: Faecal sludge discharged at solid waste dumping site 29 GANGAGHAT CITY PROFILE

Population: 84,072 angaghat is situated along the banks of Ganga river in Gthe state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The city lies in the Indo Municipal area: 4.91 sq.km. Gangetic plain, at a distance of 5 km from Kanpur. The city is Name of local government: located 83 km south west from Lucknow, the state capital. Nagar Palika Parishad Gangaghat SFD graphic

Gangaghat, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 7 July 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

Offsite sanitation

SN not contained: 38%

3% FS Onsite FS contained – not emptied: 3% contained – sanitation not emptied

FS contained: 35% FS contained – emptied: 32%

FS not FS not contained – emptied: 6% contained: 11%

Open 14% Defecation

3%

14% 5% 38% 38% 2% Open FS not FS not SN not WW not defecation contained delivered to delivered to delivered to 97% treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment 2% Septic tank connected to open drain

14% Septic tank connected to open ground/water body

Septic tank connected to soak pit 6% Lined pit+semi-permeable walls and open 4% bottom with no outlet significant risk 2% 2% Lined tank with impermeable walls and open bottom (no outlet) 70% Population practicing open defecation Night soil disposed directly to open drain/open ground Figure 1: Three chambered septic tank of a household 30 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 1 (Non- operational) 5 Licensed / Yes NA registered Record NA NA maintained Fee charged NA INR 1,000-1,500 No of manual Could not be tracked emptiers Fee charged by manual Could not be tracked emptiers Figure 2: Government tanker emptying septic tank

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker

No of vehicles 6 (1- Non operational) 0

No of trips per 2-3 NA tanker per day

Capacity of vehicle 3,000 -5,000 litres NA Figure 3: Tractor mounted vacuum tanker

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility No No present Type of facility NA NA

Generated 8.40 MLD 6 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal NA No site

Figure 4: Discharge of faecal sludge in drain

Gangaghat Data collected by CSE team, October 2016 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: SN and WW discharged in river via drain Figure 1: Three chambered septic tank of a household 31 GORAKHPUR CITY PROFILE

Population: 673,446 orakhpur (or Gorakshpur) is a city along the banks of GRapti and Rohin river in the eastern part of the state of Municipal area: 141.016 sq.km. Uttar Pradesh in India, near the Nepal border. Gorakhpur is Name of local government: famous as a religious centre. The city was home to Buddhist, Gorakhpur Municipal Corporation Hindu, Jain and Sikh saints and is named after the medieval saint Gorakshanath. SFD graphic

Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 11 September 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

4% WW WW not contained delivered to treatment: 4% Offsite WW not treated sanitation contained: 12% 9% SN SN not contained delivered to treatment: 10% treated SN not contained: 26% 4% FS contained- FS contained - not emptied: 4% not emptied FS contained: 13% FS contained - emptied: 9% FS delivered to treatement: 11% 10% FS Onsite treated sanitation FS not contained - emptied: 19%

FS not contained: 45%

Open 4% Defecation 27%

4% 26% 17% 16% 7% 1% 1% 1% Open FS not FS not SN not WW not FS not SN not WW not defecation contained - delivered to delivered to delivered to treated treated treated 73% not emptied treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

1% Sewer 3% Total discharges directly in open drain 5% 10% 2% Total discharges to open ground 16% 4% Open defecation Fully lined tank connected to open drain Fully lined tank connected to open ground 26% Septic tank connected to open drain 25% Septic tank connected to soakpit 8% Lined tank with impermeable walls and open bottom Unlined pit

Figure 1: Septic tank coonected to open drain 32 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 2 20 Licensed / Yes No registered Record Yes No maintained Fee charged INR 500-1,000 INR 1,500 - 2,000 No of manual 300-400 emptiers Fee charged by manual INR 5,000 emptiers Figure 2: Emptying of a septic tank

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 2 1 No of trips per 22 1 tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 5,000 litres 7,000 litres Figure 3: Tractor mounted vacuum tanker

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility Yes No present Type of facility STP NA

Generated 100 MLD 120 KLD

Treated 12 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal Ramgarh tal No site

Figure 4: 30 MLD sewage treatment plant

Gorakhpur Data collected by CSE team, September 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: Discharge of faecal sludge along road side 33 HAPUR

CITY PROFILE

Population: 262,983 apur was administratively a part of HDistrict in Uttar Pradesh State. Now Hapur is a Municipal area: 14 sq.km. new district carved out from Ghaziabad district, Uttar Name of local government: Pradesh, India. Geographically Hapur is situated at 280º Hapur Nagar Palika Parishad 44’ N latitude and 770° 47’ E Longitude. SFD graphic

Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 3 September 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

WW contained: 4% Offsite sanitation WW not contained: 8%

SN not contained: 40%

Onsite FS contained - not emptied: 6% 6% FS contained sanitation - not emptied FS contained: 16% FS contained - emptied: 10%

FS not contained - emptied: 19% FS not contained: 28%

Open 4% Defecation 6%

4% 9% 29% 40% 12% Open FS not FS not SN not WW not defecation contained - delivered to delivered to delivered to 94% not emptied treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

4% 8% Piped sewer system 8% Toilet discharges directly to open drain

Septic tank with outlet connected to open drain

Septic tank with outlet connected to open ground 50% 27% Fully lined tank with outlet connected to open drain

Open defecation

3% Figure 1: Septic tank under construction 34 Emptying

Service Government Private operator(s) provided by No of vehicles 2 8 Licensed / Yes No registered Record Yes No maintained Fee charged INR 1,000 - 1,200 INR 1,200 - 1,500 No of manual could not be tracked emptiers Fee charged by manual could not be tracked emptiers Figure 2: Government tanker emptying septic tank

Transport

Type of vehicles Tractor mounted Truck mounted

No of vehicles 6 2 No of trips per 2-3 10-12 tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 4,000 liters 6,000 litres

Figure 3: Emptying vehicle used to clean sewers

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility No No present Type of facility NA NA

Generated 80 MLD 58 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal No No site Figure 4: SN from septic tank transported to nullah via drains

Hapur Data collected by CSE team, September 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: Discharge of faecal sludge in open drain 35 HASTINAPUR CITY PROFILE

Population: 58,452 astinapur is a city in in the Indian state of Uttar HPradesh. It has been the silent witness to the majestic, grandeur, Municipal area: 56.98 sq.km. royal conflicts and princely anecdotes of Pandavas & Kauravas. It was Name of local government: also known as capital city of Pandavas and Kauravas at the time of Nagar Palika Parishad Fatehpur Mahabharata. SFD graphic

Hastinapur, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 11 October 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

Offsite sanitation

SN not contained: 38%

2% FS contained- Onsite not emptied sanitation FS contained: 18% FS contained - emptied: 16%

FS not contained - emptied: 13%

FS not contained: 33%

Open 9% Defecation 2%

9% 20% 29% 38% 2% Open FS not FS not SN not WW not defecation contained - delivered to delivered to delivered to 98% not emptied treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

2% Toilet discharges directly to open drain

21% Septic tank with outlet 32% connected to open drain

Fully lined tank with outlet connected to open drain

Lined pit with semi permeable 22% 10% wall and open bottom

13% Lined tank with impermeable walls and open bottom Figure 1: Fully lined tank under construction of a household 36 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 1 1 Licensed / Yes No registered Record Yes No maintained Fee charged INR 800-1,000 INR 1,200-1,500 No of manual Could not be tracked emptiers Fee charged by manual Could not be tracked emptiers Figure 2: Emptying of septic tank by a private operator

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 1 1 No of trips per 5 1-2 tanker per month Capacity of vehicle 5,000 litres 5,000 litres Figure 3: Tractor mounted vacuum tanker Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility No No present Type of facility NA NA

Generated 5.6 MLD 3 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal NA No site

Figure 4: Discharge of faecal sludge in low lying area

Hastinapur Data collected by CSE team, September 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: Discharge of FS into open drain Figure 1: Fully lined tank under construction of a household 37 JHANSI

CITY PROFILE Population: 507,293 hansi is one of the prominent cities in Uttar Pradesh much Municipal area: 169 sq.km. Jfamous for its historical value. It lies in the region on the banks of Pauj River and at an average elevation of Name of local government: 285 meters. This city has given two gems to our Nation, in the field of Jhansi Municipal Corporation sport and in the shield of patriotism. Both Jhansi fort and Statue of Major Dhyan Chand looks over to each other. SFD graphic

Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 19 September 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment 1% WW treated Offsite WW not sanitation contained: 20%

SN not contained: 24% 3% FS contained - not emptied

FS contained: 14% FS contained - emptied: 11% FS delivered to treatment: 9% 9% FS treated Onsite sanitation FS not contained - emptied: 8%

FS not contained: 41%

Open Defecation 13%

33% 9% 24% 20% 1% FS not FS not SN not WW not WW not contained - delivered to delivered to delivered to treated 87% not emptied treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

1% Night soil disposed in open drain

5% 11% Toilet discharge connected to open ground 16% 10% Septic tank connected to open ground

Septic tank connected to open drain 13% 19% Fully lined tank connected to open ground

Fully lined tank connected to open Drain 25% Unlined pit Figure 1: Septic tank of a household 38 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 2 0 Licensed / Yes NA registered Record No NA maintained Fee charged INR 1,200 NA No of manual could not be tracked emptiers Fee charged by manual INR 1,000-1,500 emptiers Figure 2: Emptying of septic tank

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 0 2 No of trips per NA 2 tanker per day Capacity of vehicle NA 1,500 litres Figure 3: Tractor mounted emptying vehicle

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility No Yes present Type of facility No Planted drying bed

Generated 57 MLD 10 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 6 KLD Designated disposal Pahuj River Bijoli industrial area site Figure 4: FS drying beds at treatment plant

Data collected by CSE team, August 2018 Data collected by CSE team, Jhansi

Source: Figure 5: Effluent after treating FS 39 KANPUR CITY PROFILE Population: 2,765,348 anpur is an important industrial centre and is known Municipal area: 260 sq.km. Kfor its textile and leather industry. The city is situated on important national highways i.e. no. 2 & 25, the main Delhi- Name of local government: Howrah railway trunk lines. The city is surrounded by the Kanpur Municipal Corporation the river Ganga in the northern side and river Pandu on the southern side. SFD graphic

Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 2 August 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

Offsite WW contained devlivered to treatment: 24% sanitation 33% WW treated WW contained: 47% WW not contained delivered to treatment: 13%

Onsite WW not sanitation contained: 26%

SN not SN not contained delivered to treatment: 5% 4% SN treated contained: 9% 1% FS contained - not emptied FS contained: 5% FS contained - emptied: 4% FS not FS not contained - emptied: 5% 2% FS treated contained: 10% Open 3% Defecation 40%

3% 5% 6% 4% 36% 1% 1% 4% Open FS not FS not SN not WW not FS not SN not WW not defecation contained - contained - delivered to delivered to treated treated treated 60% not emptied not emptied treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed Service outcomes Containment

2% Centralized sewerage network 3% 4% Night soil disposed into open drain 8% Septic tank connected to open drain 9% 48% Fully lined tank connected to open drain

Lined tank with semi-permeable wall and open bottom 26% Unlined pit

Open defecation Figure 1: Septic tank of a household 40 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 14 26 Licensed / Yes NA registered Record Yes NA maintained Fee charged INR 600 INR 600-1,500 No of manual Could not be tracked emptiers Fee charged by manual Could not be tracked emptiers Figure 2: Emptying of septic tank

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 40 0 No of trips per 2-3 NA tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 5,000 litres NA Figure 3: Tractor mounted vacuum tanker

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility Yes No present Type of facility STP Co-Treatment at STP

Generated 320 MLD 320 KLD

Treated 255 MLD 175 KLD Designated disposal No No site Figure 4: Discharge of faecal sludge at STP

Kanpur Data collected by CSE team, July 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: 42 MLD sewage treatment plant in Sajari 41 LONI

CITY PROFILE Population: 516,082 oni town is situated on the National Highway from Municipal area: 34.68 sq.km. LDelhi to at a distance of 9 kilometers from National Capital of Delhi, 69 kilometers from Name of local government: Meerut and 19 kilometers from district headquarter Loni Nagar Palika Parishad Ghaziabad.

SFD graphic

Loni, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 8 August 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

7% WW Offsite WW contained: WW contained delivered to treatment: 14% treated sanitation 16%

18% SN treated SN Not SN Not contained delivered to treatment: 37% contained: 41%

2% FS Onsite contained - sanitation not emptied FS contained: 14% FS contained – emptied: 12% FS delivered to treatment: 6% 6% FS treated

FS Not FS not contained – emptied: 25% contained: 28%

Open Defecation 33% 1% 3% FS not 25% 4% 2% 6% 19% 7% Open contained FS not SN not WW not FS SN not WW defecation - not delivered to delivered to delivered to not treated not 67% emptied treatment treatment treatment treated treated Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

1%

16% 1% Piped sewer system Toilet discharges directly to open drain

Septic tank with outlet connected to open drain 55% 27% Fully lined tank with outlet connected to open drain Open defecation Figure 1: Septic tank of a household under construction 42 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 2 8 Licensed / Yes No registered Record Yes N0 maintained Fee charged INR 1,000 - 1,200 INR 1,200 - 1,500 No of manual Could not be tracked emptiers Fee charged by manual Could not be tracked emptiers Figure 2: Separate opening for easy emptying of faecal sludge

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 2 21 No of trips per 2-3 4-8 tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 4,000 litres 6,0000 litres Figure 3: Traktor mounted vacuum tanker Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility No No present Type of facility NA NA

Generated 30 MLD 50 KLD

Treated 30 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal No No site

Figure 4: Discharge of SN in open drain

Loni Data collected by CSE team, July, 2018 July, Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: Sewage treatment plant working on MBBR technology 43 LUCKNOW

CITY PROFILE

Population: 2,817,105 ucknow is the capital and the largest city of Uttar Pradesh Lin India. It is also the administrative headquarters of Municipal area: 350 sq.km. the eponymous district and division. Lucknow is popularly Name of local government: known as the ‘The City of Nawabs’. The city is located on the northwestern shore of the Gomti River. Lucknow Municipal Corporation SFD graphic

Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 9 October 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

38% WW treated Offsite WW contained: WW contained delivered to treatment: 48% sanitation 52%

SN not contained delivered to treatment: 16% 13% SN SN not ontained: 20% treated

Onsite 14% sanitation FS contained – not emptied: 14% contained - FS contained: 19% not emptied FS contained – emptied: 5% FS delivered to treatment: 5% 4% FS FS not contained: 5% treated Open 4% Defecation 69%

4% 3% 1% 4% 5% 1% 10% 10% open FS not FS not SN not WW not FS not SN not WW not defecation contained- delivered to delivered to delivered to treatment treatment treatment 31% not emptied treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

9% Pipe sewer Septic tank connected to open drain 31% Lined pit with open bottom with no outlet

Toilet discharges directly to open drain 3% 52% 4% Open defecation 1% Fully lined tank connected to open drain

Figure 1: Septic tank connected to open drain 44 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 17 35 Licensed / Yes 13 registered Record Yes Yes maintained Fee charged INR 700 - 12,000 INR 1,000 - 2,000 No of manual 200 emptiers Fee charged by manual INR 5,000 - 6,000 emptiers Figure 2: Private tanker emptying septic tank

Transport

Type of vacuum tanker Tractor mounted Truck mounted

No of vehicles 45 07 No of trips per 2-3 1-2 tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 3,000 - 5,000 litres 3,000-4,000 litres

Figure 3: Tractor mounted vacuum tanker Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility Yes Yes present Type of facility STP STP

Generated 490 MLD 350 KLD

Treated 401 MLD 18 KLD Designated disposal Sewage Pumping Gomti river site Station

Figure 4: STP based on UASBR technology at Bharwara

Lucknow Data collected by CSE team, October 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: Faecal sludge discharged into sewer manhole 45 MEERUT CITY PROFILE Population: 1,305,429 eerut is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and is the Municipal area: 141.94 sq.km. Mdistrict headquarters. City also holds historic importance with settlements dating back to the Indus Valley civilization, have been Name of local government: found in and around the city. The city lies in the indo-Gangetic plains Meerut Municipal Corporation 70 km northeast of the national capital New Delhi, and 453 km northwest of the state capital Lucknow. SFD graphic

Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 9 October 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

32% WW treated Offsite WW contained delivered to treatment: 35% sanitation WW contained: 47%

SN Not contained: 23% Onsite 1% FS sanitation contained- FS contained: 7% FS contained-emptied: 6% not emptied

FS not contained-emptied: 14% FS not contained: 22% Open Defecation 33% 1% 8% 20% 23% 12% 3% open FS not FS not SN not WW not WW not defecation contained-not delivered to delivered to delivered to treated 67% emptied treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment 1% Piped sewer system 6% Toilet discharges directly to open drain

Septic tank with outlet connected 39% to open drain 31% Fully lined tank with outlet connected to open drain

Lined tank with impermeable walls and open bottom 14% 9% Open defecation Figure 1: Septic tank of a household 46 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 2 21 Licensed / Yes No registered Record Yes No maintained Fee charged INR 1,000 - 1,200 INR 1,200 - 1,500 No of manual Could not be tracked emptiers Fee charged by manual Could not be tracked emptiers Figure 2: private emptying vehicle

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 2 21 No of trips per 2 4 - 8 tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 4,000 litres 6,000 litres Figure 3: Government tractor mounted emptying vehicle Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility Yes No present Type of facility STP NA

Generated 179 MLD 230 KLD

Treated 82.6 MLD 0 KLD Figure 5: Sewage treatment plant with SBR technology Designated disposal No No site

Meerut Data collected by CSE team, July 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 4: Disposal of faecal sludge in drain 47 MORADABAD CITY PROFILE

Population: 887,871 oradabad is one of the important cities in Uttar Municipal area: 70 sq.km. MPradesh, India well known for its brass industry. It is also called "Brass City" or Peetal Nagri (in the local Name of local government: language). Ramganga river flows in the north east and Moradabad Municipal Corporation Gangan river in south west of the city. SFD graphic

Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 9 October 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

Offsite 4% SN sanitation SN Not contained delivered to treatment: 3% treated

SN not contained: 47%

Onsite sanitation 4% FS FS contained-not emptied: 4% contained- FS not emptied contained: 21% FS contained-emptied: 17%

FS not FS not contained-emptied: 23% contained: 29%

Open Defecation 8%

1% 6% 40% 42% 2% 1% open FS not FS not SN not WW not SN not defecation contained- delivered to delivered to delivered to treatment 92% not emptied treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

1%

Septic tank connected to open drain

Fully lined tank with no outlet 36% Toilet discharges directly to open drain

56% Fully lined tank connected to open drain

Open defecation 5% 2%

Figure 1: Two chambered septic tank 48 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 2 15 Licensed / Yes No registered Record Yes No maintained Fee charged INR 500-1,000 INR 1,500 No of manual 400-500 emptiers Fee charged by manual INR 2,500 emptiers Figure 2: Septic tank emptying by Govt. emptier

Transport

Type of vacuum tanker Tractor mounted Truck mounted No of vehicles 2 15 No of trips per 8 to 10 2 tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 3,000 litres 5,000 litres

Figure 3: Truck mounted vacuum tanker

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility Yes No present Type of facility STP No facility

Generated 110 MLD 243 KLD

Treated 12 MLD No treatment Designated disposal Ramganga river No site site

Figure 4: STP based on SBR technology

Moradabad Data collected by CSE team, July 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: WW from nullah discharging into Ramganga river 49 PT DEEN DAYAL UPADHYAYA NAGAR CITY PROFILE Population: 109,650 t Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Nagar, located along the Municipal area: 16.55 sq.km. PGrant Trunk road, is a town and a municipal board Name of local government: in the of Uttar Pradesh. It is located around 16 kilometres from Varanasi and recently has been Nagar Palika Parishad Pt Deen Dayal renamed to Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Nagar. Upadhyaya Nagar SFD graphic

Pt Deendayal Upadhyaya (Mughalsarai), Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 9 Oct 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

Offsite WW sanitation contained: 14%

SN not contained: 37%

Onsite 10% FS sanitation FS contained – not emptied: 10% contained - not emptied FS contained: 30% FS contained – emptied: 20%

FS not contained: 11% Open Defecation 8% 10%

8% 8% 23% 37% 14% open FS not FS not SN not WW not defecation contained- delivered to delivered to delivered to 90% not emptied treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed Service outcomes Containment

Night soil disposed into open drain 9% 13% Septic tank connected to open drain

Lined pit with semipermiable walls and open bottom 17% Septic tank connected to soak pit

2% Fully lined tank connected to open drain 57% 2% Open defecation

Figure 1: Shankar Balram containment system 5050 PT DEEN DAYAL UPADHYAYA NAGAR Emptying Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 1 2 Licensed / Yes NA registered Record Yes NA maintained Fee charged INR 5,00 - 1,000 INR 4,000 No of manual 200 emptiers Fee charged by manual INR 5,000-8,000 emptiers Figure 2: Emptying of septic tank

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 2 0 No of trips per 3 NA tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 3,000 litres 4,000 litres Figure 3: Tractor mounted vacuum tanker

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility No No present Type of facility NA NA

Generated 9.6 MLD 34 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal NA No site

Figure 4: Disposal of faecal sludge

Data collected by CSE team, September 2018 Data collected by CSE team, Pt Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Nagar

Source: Figure 5: Wastewater disposed into Ganga river 5151 RAEBARELI CITY PROFILE

Population: 191,316 aebareli is the administrative head quarters of Raebareli Rdistrict falls under Lucknow divison of Uttar Pradesh Municipal area: 50.12 sq.km. state. The town is situated at the bank of the Sai river. The Name of local government: city is a renowned educational and agriculture centre in the Rae Bareli Nagar Palika Parishad state. Raebareli is nationally well known as a political mainstay of Gandhi – Nehru family. SFD graphic

Rae Bareli, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 7 August 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

WW contained: Offsite 21% sanitation

WW not contained: 6%

SN not contained: 28%

Onsite 12% FS sanitation FS contained: FS contained – not emptied: 12% contained - 16% not emptied FS contained – emptied: 4% FS not contained – emptied: 5% FS not contained: 17%

Open Defecation 12% 12%

12% 12% 9% 28% 27% Open FS not FS not SN not WW not defecation contained - delivered to delivered to delivered to 88% not emptied treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

2% Pipe sewer

Septic tank connected to open drain 22% Lined tank with impermeable walls 34% and open bottom, no outlet 3% Toilet discharges directly to open drain 5% Open defecation

13% Fully lined tank connected to open drain 21% Unlined pit

Figure 1: Septic tank of a household 52 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 1 5 Licensed / Yes No registered Record Yes Yes maintained Fee charged INR 1,500 INR 800-3,000 No of manual 50-60 emptiers Fee charged by manual INR 3,000-5,000 emptiers Figure 2: Private tanker emptying septic tank of a household

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 1-2 1-2 No of trips per 5 1 tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 5,000 litres 4,000 litres Figure 3: Sewage pumped out from SPS to drain

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility No No present Type of facility NA NA

Generated 22.4 MLD 40 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 0 KLD Randomly discharged Designated disposal Sewage Pumping into nullah and Sai site Station river Figure 4: FS discharged into nullah

Raebareli Data collected by CSE team, August 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: Supernatant and WW discharged in Sot river 53 RAMNAGAR CITY PROFILE

Population: 49,132 amnagar city lies in the Indo-Gangetic plain. Ramnagar Ris 28 km away from Varanasi, the district headquarters, Municipal area: 4 sq.km. and is connected via road and by a temporary pontoon Name of local government: bridge. From a historical point of view, Ramnagar gets its Nagar Palika Parishad Ramnagar name from , which was constructed in the 18th century. SFD graphic Ramnagar, India Field based study, Date: 7 July, 2017 Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

Offsite Sanitation WW contained: 70%

SN not contained: 8% Onsite sanitation 1% FS contained FS contained: 8% FS contained – emptied: 7% – not emptied

Open defecation 13% 1%

13% 1% 7% FS not 8% SN not 71% WW not open FS not delivered delivered delivered defecation contained to treatment to treatment to treatment 99% Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

1%

Septic tank connected to open drain 14% 1% Lined pit semi-permeable walls and open bottom with no outlet significant risk

13% Population practicing open defecation Septic tank connected to open ground/water body 1% Sewerage system 70% Night soil disposed directly to open drain/open ground

Figure 1: Septic tank of a household 54 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 1 0 Licensed / Yes NA registered Record Yes NA maintained Fee charged INR 1,000 NA No of manual 20-30 emptiers Fee charged by manual INR 4,000-5,000 emptiers Figure 2: Cleaning of choked sewer line

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 1 0 No of trips per 1-2/Year NA tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 3,000 litres NA Figure 3: Tractor mounted vacuum tanker Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility No No present Type of facility NA NA

Generated 4.91 MLD 4.5 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal NA No site

Figure 4: SN and WW transported to river via drain Data collected by CSE team, October 2016 Data collected by CSE team, Ramnagar

Source: Figure 5: Wastewater used in agriculture land 55 SAIDPUR CITY PROFILE Population: 24,338 aidpur is a town in Saidpur block in Municipal area: 5.21 sq.km. Sdistrict of Uttar Pradesh State. It belongs to . It is located 43 km towards Name of local government: west from district headquarters Ghazipur. Saidpur Nagar Panchayat

SFD graphic

Saidpur, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 9 October 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

Offsite sanitation

SN Not contained: 39%

Onsite 14% FS FS contained-note emptied: 14% sanitation FS contained: 17% contained- not emptied FS contained-emptied: 3% FS not contained-emptied: 5%

FS not contained: 30%

Open Defecation 14%

14% 14% 25% 8% 39% open FS not FS not SN not defecation contained- delivered to delivered to 86% not emptied treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

Septic tank connected to open drain

15% Fully lined tank connected to open drain 1% 21% 2% Fully lined tankconnected to open ground 6% Septic tank connected to open ground 6% Septic tank connected to soak pit

Lined pit with semipermeable walls and open bottom 49% Open defecation

Figure 1: Shankar balram containment system 56 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 1 0 Licensed / Yes No registered Record Yes No maintained Fee charged INR 3,000 INR 1,500 No of manual Could not be tracked emptiers Fee charged by manual Could not be tracked emptiers Figure 2: Truck mounted vacuum tanker

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 1 0 No of trips per 3 NA tanker per month Capacity of vehicle 3,000 litres NA Figure 3: Tractor mounted vacuum tanker

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility No No present Type of facility NA NA

Generated 2.6 MLD 03 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal NA No site

Figure 4: SN from septic tank transported to river via drains

Data collected by CSE team, October 2018 Data collected by CSE team, Saidpur

Source: Figure 5: SN flowing in open drains Figure 1: Shankar balram containment system 57 SHIKOHABAD CITY PROFILE

Population: 107,300 hikohababad is one sub-district of Firozabad city in Uttar SPradesh, well known for its bricks industry. There are two Municipal area: 8.48 sq.km. famous temples in Shikohabad namely Balaji and Aav Name of local government: Ganga Mandir situated within the Nagar Palika. River Sirsa flows Shikohabad Nagar Palika Parishad through the city, which is a perineal tributary of river Yamuna. SFD graphic

Shikohabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 14 Oct 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 2 - Intermediate SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

Offsite WW contained: sanitation 22%

SN not ontained: 20% 4% FS FS contained – not emptied: 4% contained - FS contained: not emptied 12% FS contained – emptied: 8% Onsite sanitation FS not contained – emptied: 17% FS not contained: 41%

Open 5% Defecation 4%

5% 24% 25% 20% 22% open FS not FS not SN not WW not defecation contained- delivered to delivered to delivered to 96% not emptied treatment treatment treatment Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

1% Night soil disposed into open drain

5% 11% Toilet connected to open ground 13% 10% Septic tank connected to open drain

Septic tank connected to open ground 16% Fully lined tank connected to open drain 25% Fully lined tank connected to ground 19% Unlined pit Figure 1: Septic tank constructed under SBM 58 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 1 0 Licensed / Yes NA registered Record No NA maintained Fee charged INR 2,500 NA No of manual Could not be tracked emptiers Fee charged by manual Could not be tracked emptiers Figure 3: Emptying of unlined pit

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 1 0 No of trips per 1 NA tanker per day Capacity of vehicle 5,000 litres NA Figure 3: Tractor mounted emptying vehicle

Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility Yes No present Type of facility STP NA

Generated 7.24 MLD 10 KLD

Treated 0 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal Open field & Sirsa Sirsa River site River

Figure 4: Cleaning of storm water drain

Shikohabad Data collected by CSE team, September 2018 Data collected by CSE team,

Source: Figure 5: Dried faecal sludge in field Figure 1: Septic tank constructed under SBM 59 VARANASI CITY PROFILE

Population: 11,98,491 aranasi is a city in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh dating to the 11th century B.C. regarded as the spiritual Municipal area: 82.1 sq.km. V capital of India, the city draws Hindu pilgrims. Along the Name of local government: city’s winding streets are some 2,000 temples, including Varanasi Municipal Corporation Kashi Vishwanath, the “Golden Temple,” dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva. SFD graphic

Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Date prepared: 12 Oct 2018 Version: Draft Prepared by: CSE SFD Level: 3 - Comprehensive SFD

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment

WW contained delivered to treatment: 15% 21% WW treated WW WW Not contained delivered to treatment: 8% contained: 36%

Offsite sanitation

WW not contained: 29%

1% SN treated

26% FS Onsite contained - FS not contained – emptied: 26% sanitation FS contained: 30% not emptied

1% FS Open FS contained – emptied: 4% treated Defecation 49% 1% 3% 1% 42% 1% 1% 2% Open FS not SN not WW not FS not SN not WW defecation delivered to delivered to delivered to treated treated not 51% treatment treatment treatment treated Local area Neighbourhood City

Key: WW: Wastewater, FS: Faecal sludge, SN: Supernatant Safely managed Unsafely managed

Service outcomes Containment

1% 3% Toilet discharge to centralised sewer

4% Decentralised combined sewer system 29% Toilet discharge to storm sewer 27% Lined pit with semi permiable walls and open bottom Septic tank connected to open drain 7% Septic tank connected to soak pit

29% Open defecation Figure 1: Septic tank of a toilet 60 Emptying

Service Government Private operator provided by No of vehicles 1 5 Licensed / Yes NA registered Record Yes NA maintained Fee charged INR 5,000 INR 6,000-8,000 No of manual 40-50 emptiers Fee charged by manual INR 1,000-1,500 emptiers Figure 2: ULB owned vacuum tanker

Transport

Type of vacuum Tractor mounted Truck mounted tanker No of vehicles 6 0 No of trips per 2 0 tanker per month Capacity of vehicle 3,000 litres 6,000 litres Figure 3: Tractor mounted emptying vehicle Treatment and disposal Type of waste Sewage Faecal sludge Treatment facility Yes No present Type of facility STP NA

Generated 300 MLD 22 KLD

Treated 102 MLD 0 KLD Designated disposal No No site

Figure 4: Sewage treatment plant

Data collected by CSE team, October 2018 Data collected by CSE team, Varanasi

Source: Figure 5: Discharge of FS and WW into River Ganga 61 FORUM OF CITIES THAT MANAGE SEPTAGE

The 2017 National Policy on Faecal Sludge and Septage Management provides specific milestones for states and urban local bodies. Under its directives, each state and city in the country needs to formulate its own FSSM strategy and integrate it in their respective state/city sanitation plans.

CSE is working with cities in the state to support them on effective septage management. As part of this initiative, it has launched the Forum of Cities that Manage Septage to recognise those urban local bodies which have achieved some progress on FSSM, and to channelize all the initiatives and efforts in a more organized and sustainable form. Key Objectives of the Forum Developing a knowledge exchange platform for participating cities Training and capacity building on interventions across the sanitation chain and citywide sanitation Tracking and assessing the progress of cities Identifying ‘pioneer cities’ which can then handhold other cities on technical, economic and social aspects of FSSM and for preparing City Sanitation Plans Collating feedback and inputs from Forum cities and providing policy relevant information to state governments and Centre on FSSM Documentation of best practices

Centre for Science and Environment

41, Tughalakabad Institutional Area, Programme Support Unit, New Delhi-1100 62 3/17 Vikas Khand, Gomti nagar Phone: 011-40616000 Lucknow- 226 010, Uttar Pradesh Fax: 011-29955879 Tel. 0522-4240806

Contact us: [email protected]; Visit: www.cseindia.org