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HIGHER EDUCATION IN CROATIA I. Overall description II. Current challenges and needs – Trends and challenges – The Bologna Process III. Participation in EU programmes – Tempus – Erasmus Mundus IV. Bibliographical references and websites The higher education system in Croatia Source: "Focus on Higher Education in Europe 2010 - The impact of the Bologna Process" (Eurydice, 2010). I. Overall description 1. Major characteristics of in the manner prescribed by the law and regulations relating to the establishment of tertiary education in the institutions. Counties, towns and municipalities country can establish schools of professional higher education by decisions of their representative Legislation covering the field of bodies. All higher education institutions in tertiary education Croatia are non-profit institutions and perform their duties as a public service. According to Croatian higher education is primarily the database of the Agency for Science and regulated by the Act on Scientific Activity and Higher Education there are 119 recognised Higher Education which came into force in higher education institutions in Croatia; 10 are August 2003 and established a binary system universities (sveučilišta), 15 are polytechnics which supports the professional education (veleučilišta) and 27 are schools of professional offered in polytechnics (veleučilišta), schools of higher education/ colleges (visoke škole). In professional higher education (or colleges) addition to this, there are 67 faculties and (visoke škole) and, exceptionally, universities academies which are parts of universities, but (sveučilišta) on the one hand, and academic legally recognised as separate and independent education which is conducted solely in legal entities. universities, on the other. The main differences between these two types of higher education While most higher education institutions are institutions are that universities, unlike publicly owned, of the total number of institutions which provide only professional institutions 3 universities, 2 polytechnics and education, are obliged to engage in research; 24 schools of professional higher education are their teachers must have appropriate ranking private. Traditional universities (Zagreb, Split, in the scientific community and apply their Osijek, Rijeka) are not functionally integrated, scientific knowledge and research in the but the recently founded ones are (Zadar, educational process; universities are allowed to Dubrovnik and Pula). independently perform initial accreditation of their study programmes (public universities Types of tertiary education only), and establish constituent units such as programmes and qualifications faculties and academies, which are legally independent entities. Both types of higher The Act on Academic and Professional Titles education institutions can organise and and Academic Degree was passed in conduct professional study programmes and September 2007 and established an issue first and second cycle degrees overarching system of titles for students (universities – academic and professional, graduating from Bologna study programmes, other higher education institutions – only as well as a framework for comparison of professional), but only universities can pre-Bologna and Bologna titles. implement third cycle education. Academic degree courses are organised The Act treats private and public higher according to the system of transferable ECTS education institutions equally. credits and have three cycles: undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate. Professional Types of tertiary education degree courses also award ECTS credits but institutions are organised in two cycles. According to the database of the Agency for Science and Higher Croatian higher education used to be Education, Croatian higher education concentrated at the major universities, but in institutions offered more than 1200 study the past years new public universities have programmes in 2009/10. been established (Dubrovnik, Zadar and Pula). In addition to this, the incentive for polycentric According to the Central Bureau of Statistics, in development of higher education has continued the academic year 2009/10 there were 141 in Croatia since 2007, with the Ministry of 487 students who followed regular courses in Science, Education and Sports and the Croatia in the first and second cycles, and an Development and Employment Fund of the additional 30 476 students who have taken all Republic of Croatia investing EUR 8 million to their courses but have not yet passed all their support the establishment and development of programme examinations. In 2009/10, 22 034 professional study programmes outside of were enrolled in polytechnics, 9 027 in schools traditional higher education centres. of professional higher education, and 114 202 in universities. Of these, 110 835 students are Public higher education institutions are those in the two-cycle degree system, while the established by the state. Private universities, remainder are those who have started their polytechnics and schools of professional higher studies before the introduction of the three education can be established by the founders cycles (the so-called ‘pre-Bologna’ or ‘old 2 system’ students). In 2009, a total of other higher education institutions regarding 444 students graduated at the doctoral level, research and quality assurance. and 965 at the Master level. Of all students graduating at the Master level, 595 were in The Ministry of Science, Education and Sports social sciences, 88 in natural sciences and 86 (MSES) is the administrative body responsible in technical sciences. for planning, funding and monitoring the overall education system. MSES performs The EU/CoE/UNESCO format of the diploma administrative and other activities relating to: supplement was established in Croatia through the higher education system, securing financial the Ordinance on the Content of Diplomas and and material conditions for work, professional Diploma Supplements in January 2005. education and permanent education of Amendments to this Ordinance that came into teachers, accommodation, food and other force in April 2007 ensure that all students issues relating to student welfare, and legal graduating from the reformed Bologna study supervision of higher education institutions. programmes at Croatian higher education institutions receive their diploma supplements MSES is working closely with other responsible automatically and free of charge in Croatian bodies, such as the National Council for and English and in the EU/CoE/UNESCO Science, the National Council for Higher format. Education, the Science and Higher Education Funding Council, the Rectors' Conference, the The activities relating to the development of Council of Polytechnics and Schools of the Croatian Qualifications Framework Professional Higher Education and the National (CROQF) commenced in March 2006 when the Committee for Ethics. In addition, MSES Ministry of Science, Education and Sports closely cooperates with other independent formed the relevant committee. Following institutions such as the Agency for Science and consultations with numerous partners, at the Higher Education, the Agency for Mobility and beginning of 2007, The Ministry sent the EU Programmes and the Agency for Vocational Baseline of the Croatian Qualifications Education, as well as other partners such as Framework to the Government for adoption. In the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, the July 2007, the Government adopted the Ministry of Economy, Labour and Baseline of the CROQF and the Committee for Entrepreneurship, the Croatian Chamber of the Development of the CROQF was Economy, the Chamber of Crafts, the Croatian established. The Baseline introduces basic Employment Service and the Croatian concepts, outlines the CROQF aims and Association of Employers. The National Council development principles (which follow the for Science is an expert and advisory body of guidelines in the proposals and discussions for the Croatian Parliament responsible for the Framework for Qualifications of the EHEA development and quality of science in the and the European Qualifications Framework), Republic of Croatia. and sets out the qualification reference levels with credit ranges. The National Committee for The National Council for Higher Education is an CROQF development includes all relevant expert and advisory body of the Croatian stakeholders (among others, representatives of Parliament responsible for the development the academia, employers and trade unions). and quality of higher education in the Republic of Croatia. The Croatian Parliament, at the The Committee adopted a five-year Plan of recommendation of the Government, appoints Activities in March 2008. Pursuant to the members of both Councils. Ideally, members Committee’s decision, in April 2008 the are representatives of all areas of science and Ministry of Science, Education and Sports arts, and, regarding the Council for Science, (MSES) established the Operational Team in scientists employed in industry. The National support of the Committee. In December 2009, Council for Science also has area councils the Report from the Committee with all related which are divided according to the fields of documents on the CROQF development was study: natural sciences, technical sciences, adopted by the Government. Pursuant to the biomedicine and health, biotechnology, social Committee’s proposal, a new National sciences, humanities and arts. The Science and Committee for the CROQF implementation
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