Chapter 24 & 25 Age of 1850-1914 domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region. Strong countries over weak Imperialism Form of Imperial Rule in which the Colonial Power completely controls everything in the colony. Ex: Britain in India Direct Rule Form of Indirect Rule - country with its own government over its own people - but under the influence of an outside power – Ex: Egypt in Britain Protectorate area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges. Ex: Carved out in used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform argued the laws of nature and “survival of the fittest” applied to humans. Right for Strong to take over Weak Social Darwinism Poem written by justifying European imperialism – ‘Half Devil and Half Child’ White Man’s Burden dividing into pieces – happened to Africa during Imperialism Partition tribe in Southern Africa who conquered and absorbed other African communities; Resisted European imperialism Zulu Empire Scottish missionary and explorer who lived in Africa from 1841-1873-sparked interest in Africa Dr. David Livingstone 1884 – European Powers meet to discuss colonization of Africa - must establish a government; resulted most of Africa being “Partitioned “ or divided into different European colonies. Redrew the map of Africa regardless of traditional African culture or ethnic boundaries. British imperialists who claimed 1 million square miles in Africa; had a colony created after him Cecil Rhodes War/resistance between Great Britain and Dutch descendants over land and resources in South Africa; British won. Boer War Another form of resistance - Ruler of Ethiopia who modernized and drove out European (Italian) attempts to take over Ethiopia Menelik II Name given to the during the 19th and 20th centuries Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Turks (Muslims) accused the Armenians (Christians) of supporting Russians against the Ottomans and had tens of thousands of Armenians slaughtered. Father of Modern Egypt; modernized Egypt and improved the nation thru reforms Muhammad Ali canal linking the Red Sea and Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea; also links Europe to Asia and East Africa. Med to Red Suez Canal To take advantage of Exploit/Exploitation Name given to the Indian soldiers in the Sepoy Nationalist Movement against foreign influence and the British East Indian Company - Rebellion by Indian soldiers against British imperialism triggered over biting a bullets greased with animal fat Sepoy Rebellion/Sepoy Mutiny Government official representative who rules a colony in the name of their country. Viceroy A Nationalist Group - Created in 1885 and believed greater Democracy would lead to eventual self-rule – fought for independence from Britain - INC Indian National Congress To represent the Muslim minority in India – in 1906 - formed to pursue idea of a Muslim state. Also considered a nationalist group Muslim League When a country maintains the equal trade of exports and imports Balance of Trade situation in which a country’s exports more than it imports (sell more then buy) Trade Surplus a country imports more then it exports (spending more then earning) Trade Deficit (1839-1842 + 1858-1860)-series of wars fought between China and Britain initially over the sale of Opium; resulted in Western nations gaining access to China for trade Spheres of Influence Opium Wars Treaty that ended the Opium War, Britain gained compensation, island of and concept of extraterritoriality for its citizens; China was forced open to foreign trade. Treaty of Nanjing rights of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation in foreign lands. Extraterritoriality Hong Xiuquan led the rebels and called for an end to the and resisted for 14yrs and controlled large portions of the nation, millions died as a result and the rebellion failed. China vs China – Chinese People vs Chinese Gov. Chinese Nationalist uprising against Foreigners in China to drive them out; failed

China vs Foreigners Boxer Rebellion First President the Republic of China after the Qing Dynasty fell in 1911, ending Dynastic Rule in China. He wanted to reform China based on his Three Principles of the People Sun Yat-sen/Sun Yixian Sun Yat-sen’s Three Principles of the People Nationalism-free China from foreign domination Democracy Livelihood or economic security M&M - period in Japanese history when the Shogun was overthrown and the Emperor was restored to power; resulted in Modernization and Militarization of Japan Restoration US Commodore - in 1853 he sailed with the US Navy forced Japan to open to the West Matthew Perry 1854 treaty between the US and Japan that forced Japan to open two ports to US ships Treaty of Kanagawa 1894 war between China and Japan over territory Japan won easily and gained trade ports in China and control of the island of . First Sino-Japanese War 1904 rivalry between Japan and over and Manchuria led to the Russo-Japanese War; Japan won and gained rights to trade. Russo Japanese War War between Spain and the over Cuban Independence that resulted in US victory and control over the Philippines and Cuba was forced to grant the Platt Amendment to the US (naval bases) Spanish American War American policy discouraging European intervention in the Western Hemisphere – Told Europe to stay out of Western Hemisphere/Latin America Monroe Doctrine Claimed international police powers in Latin America US would intervene if there was a problem – Big Stick Policy Roosevelt Corollary Built by the US, finished in 1914 - man made waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans – shortening the trade route from NYC to California Coast Panama Canal