DOCSLIB.ORG

William I in Power: Securing the Kingdom, 1066-1087

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
William I in Power: Securing the Kingdom, 1066-1087 Knowledge Organiser: William I in Power: Securing the Kingdom, 1066-1087. William had won the Battle of Hastings in Chronology: what happened on these dates? Vocabulary: define these words 1066 and destroyed the power of the 1066 William crowned King of England on 25th December 1066. All land forfeited to the new Submission Formal acceptance of and surrender Godwinsons. However, it would take many king. to authority. more years before William could feel Changes in Landownership – A landholding revolution where the Normans replaced 1066-87 March An Anglo-Saxon term for border. secure as the King of England. Anglo-Saxons as landholders. Summarise your learning When one country encourages the Revolt of Earls Edwin and Morcar – Anglo-Saxon Earls revolt against the tyranny of 1068 Colonisation migration of its people to another William I but are defeated in 1071. country. To gain control of England, Rebellions in the North – A series of rebellions in the North supported by Edgar The mound of earth that the castle 1069 Motte William needed to gain the Aethling, Malcom III and King Sweyn of Denmark. stood on. support of important Topic 1: Anglo-Saxon Earls, reward Establishing the loyalty of the Normans Harrying of the North – A campaign of total destruction of the North including burning The outer part of the castle Control and establish control of 1069-70 crops and killing livestock to make life impossible in the region and to prevent further Bailey surrounding the motte and protected the borderlands from the rebellion. by a fence or wall. threat of invasion. Anglo-Saxon resistance to William’s rule grew as The governor of a castle and its Hereward the Wake and rebellion at Ely – A rebellion by the Danish and rebel thegn many lost their power and 1070-71 Castellan surrounding lands (castlery); its lord Topic 2: Hereward the Wake in East Anglia. land to the Normans. or a steward of the local lord. Anglo-Saxon William faced many resistance, An archaic (old) word meaning to lay rebellions but was able to 1075 Revolt of the Earls – A rebellion against William by Norman and Anglo-Saxon Earls. Harrying 1068-71. waste to something, to devastate it. defeat them and imposed strict control over A deliberate and organised attempt William orders the Domesday Book survey to record all landholding in England and to 1085 Genocide to exterminate an entire group of rebellious areas. compare land production to 1066. To prevent further people. Topic 3: resistance and rebellion ‘To hold’ in Latin. It is a short, but The legacy William used a variety of Who were these people? What were these events? Tenure precise, way of talking about of resistance economic, social, political landholding and landownership. to 1087. and military methods to Edwin & Edwin and Morcar were powerful Anglo-Saxon Earls. Edwin was the Earl of Northumbria Someone who held their land in enforce Norman control. Morcar from 1065-1071 and Morcar was the Earl of Mercia from 1062-71. The two brothers had Vassal return for services to their Norman William’s strict control of fought against Harald Hardrada as the Battle of Gate Fulford in 1066. They were also lord. England caused even part of the rebellions against William’s Rule in the years 1066-71. Norman Earls to Revolt Supporter of William I and made Earl of Northumbria in 1069. Robert Cumin launched Topic 4: To find ways for former enemies to against his rule in 1075. Robert Cumin attacks as part of the Harrying of the North but was violently killed by a group of Reconciliation Revolt of forgive each other. Although the rebellion was Northumbrians. the Earls, defeated, William needed 1075. The son of a Norman who had been rewarded with the Marcher Earldom Hereford in to be mindful of the Roger The historical term for a great man, 1066. Roger became Earl of Hereford in 1071 but resented the loss of land and privileges Magnate resentment of his own de Breteuil an important and influential figure. his father had once had and took part in the Revolt of the Earls in 1075. Earls. An Anglo-Saxon and son of Lord Siward. Waltheof became Lord of Northamptonshire in Cutting off someone from the Church Waltheof 1065. After the Battle of Hastings, Waltheof was part of the rebellions in the North in Excommunication community so that they are unable 1069 and the Revolt of the Earls in 1075. to confess their sins before they die. Ralph was the son of an Anglo-Norman. He became Earl of East Anglia in 1069 and Ralph de married the sister of Roger De Breteuil. He lead the Revolt of the Earls in 1075 and Gael plotted to overthrow William I. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hereward and the Barony of Bourne File:///C:/Edrive/Medieval Texts/Articles/Geneaology/Hereward.Htm
    hereward and the Barony of Bourne file:///C:/EDrive/Medieval Texts/Articles/Geneaology/hereward.htm Lincolnshire History and Archaeology, 29 (1994), 7-10. Hereward 'the Wake' and the Barony of Bourne: a Reassessment of a Fenland Legend [1] Hereward, generally known as 'the Wake', is second only to Robin Hood in the pantheon of English heroes. From at least the early twelfth century his deeds were celebrated in Anglo-Norman aristocratic circles, and he was no doubt the subject of many a popular tale and song from an early period. [2] But throughout the Middle Ages Hereward's fame was local, being confined to the East Midlands and East Anglia. [3] It was only in the nineteenth century that the rebel became a truly national icon with the publication of Charles Kingsley novel Hereward the Wake .[4] The transformation was particularly Victorian: Hereward is portrayed as a prototype John Bull, a champion of the English nation. The assessment of historians has generally been more sober. Racial overtones have persisted in many accounts, but it has been tacitly accepted that Hereward expressed the fears and frustrations of a landed community under threat. Paradoxically, however, in the light of the nature of that community, the high social standing that the tradition has accorded him has been denied. [5] The earliest recorded notice of Hereward is the almost contemporary annal for 1071 in the D version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. A Northern recension probably produced at York,[6] its account of the events in the fenland are terse. It records the plunder of Peterborough in 1070 'by the men that Bishop Æthelric [late of Durham] had excommunicated because they had taken there all that he had', and the rebellion of Earls Edwin and Morcar in the following year.
    [Show full text]
  • Anglo- Saxon England and the Norman Conquest, 1060-1066
    1.1 Anglo- Saxon society Key topic 1: Anglo- Saxon England and 1.2 The last years of Edward the Confessor and the succession crisis the Norman Conquest, 1060-1066 1.3 The rival claimants for the throne 1.4 The Norman invasion The first key topic is focused on the final years of Anglo-Saxon England, covering its political, social and economic make-up, as well as the dramatic events of 1066. While the popular view is often of a barbarous Dark-Ages kingdom, students should recognise that in reality Anglo-Saxon England was prosperous and well governed. They should understand that society was characterised by a hierarchical system of government and they should appreciate the influence of the Church. They should also be aware that while Edward the Confessor was pious and respected, real power in the 1060s lay with the Godwin family and in particular Earl Harold of Wessex. Students should understand events leading up to the death of Edward the Confessor in 1066: Harold Godwinson’s succession as Earl of Wessex on his father’s death in 1053 inheriting the richest earldom in England; his embassy to Normandy and the claims of disputed Norman sources that he pledged allegiance to Duke William; his exiling of his brother Tostig, removing a rival to the throne. Harold’s powerful rival claimants – William of Normandy, Harald Hardrada and Edgar – and their motives should also be covered. Students should understand the range of causes of Harold’s eventual defeat, including the superior generalship of his opponent, Duke William of Normandy, the respective quality of the two armies and Harold’s own mistakes.
    [Show full text]
  • Securing the Kingdom 1066-87
    HISTORY – YEAR 10 – WILLIAM I IN POWER: SECURING THE KINGDOM 1066- 1087 A KEY DATES C KEY TERMS The outer part of the castle, surrounding the motte and protected by 1 Bailey 1 1068 Revolt of Edwin and Morcar. a fence or wall. When one country encourages the migration of its people to another 2 Colonisation 2 1069 Rebellions in the north. country. The governor of a castle and its surrounding lands (castlery); its lord Castellan 3 1069-70 The Harrying of the North. 3 or a steward of the local lord. Cutting someone off from the church community so that they are 4 1070-71 Hereward the Wake and the revolt at Ely. unable to confess their sins before they die, which people believed 4 Excommunication would stop them from going to heaven. It was not intended to be 5 1075 The Revolt of the Earls. permanent but to punish someone to make them act correctly to rejoin the church. 1077-80 William in conflict with his son Robert. To lose something as a punishment for committing a crime or bad 6 Forfeit 5 action. 1087 Death of William I. A deliberate and organized attempt to exterminate an entire group of 7 Genocide 6 people. 8 1088 Rebellions against William II. When small bands attack a larger force by surprise and then Guerilla War 7 disappear back into the local population. It is a modern term. 9 1088 Rebellions failed. Odo exiled and disinherited. An archaic (old) word meaning to lay waste to something and to Harrying 8 devastate it.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Origins of Lordship
    THE ANCIENT ORIGINS OF THE LORDSHIP OF BOWLAND Speculation on Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Norse and Brythonic roots William Bowland The standard history of the lordship of Bowland begins with Domesday. Roger de Poitou, younger son of one of William the Conqueror’s closest associates, Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury, is recorded in 1086 as tenant-in-chief of the thirteen manors of Bowland: Gretlintone (Grindleton, then caput manor), Slatebourne (Slaidburn), Neutone (Newton), Bradeforde (West Bradford), Widitun (Waddington), Radun (Radholme), Bogeuurde (Barge Ford), Mitune (Great Mitton), Esingtune (Lower Easington), Sotelie (Sawley?), Hamereton (Hammerton), Badresbi (Battersby/Dunnow), Baschelf (Bashall Eaves). William Rufus It was from these holdings that the Forest and Liberty of Bowland emerged sometime after 1087. Further lands were granted to Poitou by William Rufus, either to reward him for his role in defeating the army of Scots king Malcolm III in 1091-2 or possibly as a consequence of the confiscation of lands from Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumbria in 1095. 1 As a result, by the first decade of the twelfth century, the Forest and Liberty of Bowland, along with the adjacent fee of Blackburnshire and holdings in Hornby and Amounderness, had been brought together to form the basis of what became known as the Honor of Clitheroe. Over the next two centuries, the lordship of Bowland followed the same descent as the Honor, ultimately reverting to the Crown in 1399. This account is one familiar to students of Bowland history. However, research into the pattern of land holdings prior to the Norman Conquest is now beginning to uncover origins for the lordship that predate Poitou’s lordship by many centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cheshire Landholdings of Earl Morcar in 1066
    SHORT NOTES THE CHESHIRE LANDHOLDINGS OF EARL MORCAR IN 1066 N.J. Higham, B.A., Ph.D. Earl Morcar was credited with two estates or manors in Cheshire in 1066: The same William (Malbank) holds Actune. Earl Morcar held (it). In Warmundestrou (Hundred). 1 There (are) 8 hides geldable. Land for 30 ploughs. In lordship there are 3 (ploughlands) and 2 slaves and 13 villani2 and 15 bordarif with 7 ploughs. There (is) a mill (which) serves the court and 10 acres of meadow. Woodland 6 leagues long and 1 wide and 1 hawk's eyrie. There (are) 2 priests with 1 plough and 2 frenchmen having li ploughs and 1 slave and 6 villani and 7 bordarii with 4 ploughs4: The same Ranulf (Mainwaring) holds Hoiloch. Earl Morcar held (it). In Mildestvich Hundred. 5 There (are) 3 hides geldable. There is land for 4 ploughs. In lordship is one and 4 slaves and 2 radmen with 1 plough. Woodland (is) there 3 leagues long and 1 wide. T.R.E. and after it was waste. Value now 20 shillings.6 A further reference to the manor of Acton occurs in the additional material on the Cheshire wiches, appended to the Cheshire folios as the first of several additions: In the Time of King Edward there was in Warmundestrou Hundred one wich in which there was a brine-pit and there were 8 salt-houses (salinae) divided between the king and earl Edwin so that of all the profits or renders of the salt-houses the king used to have 2 parts and the earl the third.
    [Show full text]
  • Anglo–Saxon and Norman England
    GCSE HISTORY Anglo–Saxon and Norman England Module booklet. Your Name: Teacher: Target: History Module Booklet – U2B- Anglo-Saxon & Norman England, 1060-88 Checklist Anglo-Saxon society and the Norman conquest, 1060-66 Completed Introduction to William of Normandy 2-3 Anglo-Saxon society 4-5 Legal system and punishment 6-7 The economy and social system 8 House of Godwin 9-10 Rivalry for the throne 11-12 Battle of Gate Fulford & Stamford Bridge 13 Battle of Hastings 14-16 End of Key Topic 1 Test 17 William I in power: Securing the kingdom, 1066-87 Page Submission of the Earls 18 Castles and the Marcher Earldoms 19-20 Revolt of Edwin and Morcar, 1068 21 Edgar Aethling’s revolts, 1069 22-24 The Harrying of the North, 1069-70 25 Hereward the Wake’s rebellion, 1070-71 26 Maintaining royal power 27-28 The revolt of the Earls, 1075 29-30 End of Key Topic 2 Test 31 Norman England, 1066-88 Page The Norman feudal system 32 Normans and the Church 33-34 Everyday life - society and the economy 35 Norman government and legal system 36-38 Norman aristocracy 39 Significance of Odo, Bishop of Bayeux 40 William I and his family 41-42 William, Robert and revolt in Normandy, 1077-80 43 Death, disputes and revolts, 1087-88 44 End of Key Topic 3 test 45 1 History Module Booklet – U2B- Anglo-Saxon & Norman England, 1060-88 2 History Module Booklet – U2B- Anglo-Saxon & Norman England, 1060-88 KT1 – Anglo-Saxon society and the Normans, 1060-66 Introduction On the evening of 14 October 1066 William of Normandy stood on the battlefield of Hastings.
    [Show full text]
  • THE NORMAN CONQUEST Late Jan 1066 – William Started to Build a Fleet Year the French-Speaking William of Normandy Was in and Gathered His Army Together Charge
    OVERVIEW HISTORY KNOWLEDGE 1066 TIMELINE In 1066 the King of England, Edward the Confessor, ORGANISER 5th Jan 1066 – Edward the Confessor died died without an heir. Three men all competed for the th YEAR 7 – TERM 2 6 Jan 1066 – Godwinson crowned King throne, resulting in two key battles. By the end of the THE NORMAN CONQUEST Late Jan 1066 – William started to build a fleet year the French-speaking William of Normandy was in and gathered his army together charge. th 12 Aug 1066 – William was ready to depart Many Saxons rebelled against their new King as he Late May 1066 – Tostig arrived in England was an invading foreigner. William had to work hard 18th Sept 1066 – Hardrada arrived to gain full control of his new kingdom, and it took 25th Sept 1066 – Battle of Stamford Bridge him 5 years to gain control over the whole country. 28th Sept 1066 – William arrived in England He used various methods, including terror as well as nd rewarding loyalty. A new system of taxation also 2 Oct 1066 – Godwinson began marching south made him a rich and powerful king. 13th Oct 1066 – Godwinson arrived at Hastings KEY TERMS 14th Oct 1066 – Battle of Hastings KEY INDIVIDUALS Bayeux Tapestry – a Norman embroidery 25th Dec 1066 – William crowned at Edward the Confessor - Saxon King of England who depicting the events of 1066 Westminster Abbey died in 1066 without an heir Cavalry – soldiers on horseback Claimants – people who believed they had Harold Godwinson - Saxon noble who became King a right to the throne WILLIAM’S METHODS OF CONTROL when Edward died Conquest – to take over a country The Harrying of the North – the destruction of villages Harald Hardrada - King of Norway who invaded in Coronation – ceremony to crown a and crops in the North of England where rebellions 1066 and lost the Battle of Stamford Bridge monarch Heir – a person who inherits something.
    [Show full text]
  • The Romans and York
    FACTSHEET 20 THE ROMANS AND YORK The Foundation of York Much of southern and eastern Britain had been The Romans are generally thought to have conquered by this time but Eboracum was to be founded the city of York, but it is possible that the main headquarters for the troops who were there was a native Celtic settlement here before trying to conquer the rest. It was defended by they arrived. The name that the Romans gave the two rivers and could be supplied by sea because site was Eboracum, which, to them, meant “Place it was possible to bring large vessels up the Ouse. of the wild boar”, but this is possibly a Later, the defences were strengthened by misunderstanding of an original Celtic name Govenor Agricola, but it was not until early in the meaning “Eburo’s place.” What is certain is that second century that the timber palisade was re‐ in AD 71 the Emperor Vespasian sent a new built in stone by the Sixth Legion. (Precisely what military governor to Britain, Petillius Cerialis, with happened to the Ninth has always been some‐ instructions to subdue the Brigantines, a thing of a mystery). These defences were again powerful tribe occupying much of what is now reconstructed in about AD 200. The final northern England. The Queen of the Brigantines, developments occurred about a century later Cartimundia, was facing rebellion led by her when most of the defences were remodelled. husband Venutius. The Romans took advantage This was when the great multiangular corner of the situation by intervening in order to tower, still visible in the Museum Gardens, was gain overall control.
    [Show full text]
  • Yorkshire Battles
    A 77 ( LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF YORKSHIRE BATTLES. YORKSHIRE BATTLES BY EDWARD LAMPLOUGH, AUTHOR OF "THE SIEGE OF HULL," "MEDIAEVAL YORKSHIRE,' "HULL AND YORKSHIRE FRESCOES," ETC. HULL: WILLIAM ANDREWS & CO. LONDON : SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & Co., LIMITED. 1891. HULL : WILLIAM ANDREWS AND CO. PRINTERS, DOCK STREET. To TIIK REV. E. G. CHARLESWORTH, VICAR OF ACKLAM, A CONTRIBUTOR TO AND LOVER OF YORKSHIRE LITERATURE, is Dolume IS MOST RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED. E. L. Contents. I'AGE I. WlNWIDFIELD, ETC. I II. BATTLE OK STAMFORD BRIDGE ... ... ... 15 III. AFTER STAMFORD BRIDGE 36 IV. BATTLE OF THE STANDARD ... ... ... .. 53 V. AFTER THE BATTLE OF THE STANDARD 75 VI. BATTLE OF MYTON MEADOWS ; 83 VII. BATTLE OF BOROUGHBRIDGE ... ... ... ... 101 VIII. BATTLE OF BYLAND ABBEY ... ... ... ... 116 IX. IN THE DAYS OF EDWARD III. AND RICHARD II. 131 X. BATTLE OF BRAMHAM MOOR 139 XI. BATTLE OF SANDAL 150 XII. BATTLE OF TOWTON ... ... ... ... ... 165 XIII. YORKSHIRE UNDER THE TUDORS ... ... ... 173 XIV. BATTLE OF TADCASTER ... ... ... ... ... 177 XV. BATTLE OF LEEDS 183 XVI. BATTLE OF WAKEFIELD ... ... ... ... ... 187 XVII. BATTLE OF ADWALTON MOOR ... ... ... ... 192 XVIII. BATTLE OF HULL 196 XIX. BATTLE OF SELBY 199 XX. BATTLE OF MARSTON MOOR ... ... ... ... 203 XXI. BATTLE OF BRUNNANBURGH 216 XXII. FIGHT OFF FLAMBOROUGH HEAD ... ... ... 221 INDEX 227 preface. T X the history of our national evolution York- shire occupies a most important position, and the sanguinary record of Yorkshire Battles possesses something more than material for the poet and the artist. Valour, loyalty, patriotism, honour and self-sacrifice are virtues not uncommon to the warrior, and the blood of true and brave men has liberally bedewed our fields.
    [Show full text]
  • Norman Consolidation of Power Level
    Key Words, Week 1: Key Individuals, Week 2: History, Y9 T1b: Norman Consolidation of Power Revolt A rebellion against the ruler of a country William the Norman king of England, ruled from 1066 (those rebelling are known as rebels). Conqueror to 1087. Level: Grade 5 (compulsory) Regent A trusted advisor to the king that was allowed Edwin and Morcar Anglo-Saxon earls of Mercia and to run the country while he was absent. Northumbria. Submitted in 1066, but later Key dates, Week 3: th Motte and A castle which was easy to build, used by the rebelled multiple times. 25 Dec William crowned king at Westminster bailey Normans to control England soon after the Edgar Atheling An Anglo-Saxon claimant to the throne. 1066 Abbey. Conquest. Allied with the Scots and the Danes to Aug A major rebellion in the north, led by Landholder The person that lives on the land, effectively fight William. 1068 Edwin and Morcar. renting it from the king. Robert de A Norman earl, given the job of subduing Jan 1069 Robert de Comines was burned to death Landowner The person who actually owns the land. After Comines Northumbria. Burned to death by rebels. by rebels in Durham. 1066, the king was the only landowner in Hereward the An Anglo-Saxon thegn and rebel who took Sept The Danes invaded and supported the England. Wake Ely. 1069 Anglo-Saxon rebellion, led by Edgar. Tenure The process by which you held land from the William fitzOsbern Loyal followers of William and his regents Oct 1069 William paid off the Danes and defeated king.
    [Show full text]
  • Family Group Sheet for Cnut the Great
    Family Group Sheet for Cnut the Great Husband: Cnut the Great Birth: Bet. 985 AD–995 AD in Denmark Death: 12 Nov 1035 in England (Shaftesbury, Dorset) Burial: Old Minster, Winchester. Bones now in Winchester Cathedral Father: King Sweyn I Forkbeard Mother: Wife: Emma of Normandy Birth: 985 AD Death: 06 Mar 1052 in Winchester, Hampshire Father: Richard I Duke of Normandy Mother: Gunnor de Crepon Children: 1 Name: Gunhilda of Denmark F Birth: 1020 Death: 18 Jul 1038 Spouse: Henry III 2 Name: Knud III Hardeknud M Birth: 1020 in England Death: 08 Jun 1042 in England Burial: Winchester Cathedral, Winchester, England Notes Cnut the Great Cnut the Great From Wikipedia, (Redirected from Canute the Great) Cnut the Great King of all the English, and of Denmark, of the Norwegians, and part of the Swedes King of Denmark Reign1018-1035 PredecessorHarald II SuccessorHarthacnut King of all England Reign1016-1035 PredecessorEdmund Ironside SuccessorHarold Harefoot King of Norway Reign1028-1035 PredecessorOlaf Haraldsson SuccessorMagnus Olafsson SpouseÆlfgifu of Northampton Emma of Normandy Issue Sweyn Knutsson Harold Harefoot Harthacnut Gunhilda of Denmark FatherSweyn Forkbeard MotherSigrid the Haughty also known as Gunnhilda Bornc. 985 - c. 995 Denmark Died12 November 1035 England (Shaftesbury, Dorset) BurialOld Minster, Winchester. Bones now in Winchester Cathedral Cnut the Great, also known as Canute or Knut (Old Norse: Knútr inn ríki[1] (c. 985 or 995 - 12 November 1035) was a Viking king of England and Denmark, Norway, and parts of Sweden, whose successes as a statesman, politically and militarily, prove him to be one of the greatest figures of medieval Europe and yet at the end of the historically foggy Dark Ages, with an era of chivalry and romance on the horizon in feudal Europe and the events of 1066 in England, these were largely 'lost to history'.
    [Show full text]
  • Hereward the Wake and the Rebellion at Ely 1070-71 • in 1070 King Sweyn of Denmark Returned with a Fleet to England • Sweyn
    Hereward the Wake and the rebellion at Ely 1070-71 • In 1070 King Sweyn of Denmark returned with a fleet to England • Sweyn went to the Isle of Ely in East Anglia • This area was a marshy/swampy region in the east of England, it was difficult ground where local knowledge of safe paths was essential • King Sweyn joined up with English rebels who were also based at Ely led by a rebel leader named Hereward the Wake, he was a local thegn (local lord), he’d been exiled under Edward the Confessor and when he came back in 1069 he found his land had been given to a Norman. • Hereward used the treacherous (awful) terrain (ground) to his advantage and began fighting a guerrilla war • The Danes & Hereward raided Peterborough Abbey together. They did not want its riches falling into the hands of the Normans. The Danes though then sailed off with the treasure back to Denmark • Morcar joined Hereward (Edwin had been murdered by this point). • William then surrounded the island of Ely and built a causeway so his men could cross. William bribed local monks to show them a safe way through the marshes. The first attempt failed and his men drowned when the bridge collapsed but the second attempt was more successful. • During the fighting Hereward escaped and was not heard of again. Morcar was imprisoned, prisoners were dealt with harshly (eyes put out, feet and hands cut off). • This rebellion marked the end of the large-scale Anglo Saxon rebellions. Hereward the Wake and the rebellion at Ely 1070-71 • In 1070 King Sweyn of Denmark returned with a fleet to England • Sweyn went to the Isle of Ely in East Anglia • This area was a marshy/swampy region in the east of England, it was difficult ground where local knowledge of safe paths was essential • King Sweyn joined up with English rebels who were also based at Ely led by a rebel leader named Hereward the Wake, he was a local thegn (local lord), he’d been exiled under Edward the Confessor and when he came back in 1069 he found his land had been given to a Norman.
    [Show full text]