54 55
Breeding Distribution Breeding Change Winter Distribution
*
# # # # # *# *#
* Mandarin Duck Hertfordshire Hertfordshire # Hertfordshire North Essex *# *# North Essex North Essex 1 1 *# *# # # # *# *# 1 *# *# # # *# *# *# *#
# *# # *# *# *#
* * * # #
Aix galericulata # *# *# *#
* * # #
TL # *# *# *# *# *# *# *# *# *# # TL TL
* # 0 0 # 0 TQ *# *# *# *# # *# # *# *# *# # *# TQ TQ South *# # *# # # # # *# *# *# # *# *# *# *# South South Essex *# *# *# *# # # *# *# " *# # Essex Essex Introduced breeding resident, locally common; not listed as it *# # *# *# # # *# # # *# *# # *# *# *# *# *# *# *# # is a non-native species. 9 9 *# *# *# *# *# 9 Middlesex Middlesex *# *# *# *# Middlesex *# *# *# *# *# *# # *# *# Buckinghamshire Buckinghamshire Buckinghamshire *# *# *# *# *# 8 8 " *# *# 8
The Mandarin Duck originates from East Asia, but became established # # # *# *#
* * # Inner # *# *# # Inner # *# Inner
in Britain in the early twentieth century. Its preferred habitat is woodland London " *# *# # # *# London*# *# London
* #
# *# *# # *# *# # *#
*
7 7 " *# # # # # *# # *# *# 7
* # #
with ponds. It has greatly expanded its range in Britain over the last 40 # # *# *# *# # *# *# #
* # # #
*# " *# # # # #
* * * # # #
# *# # " # *# *#
* # # years and is now found across much of south-east England, with other #
# #
* # # 6 6 # " " *# 6
populations centred on the Severn Vale and the Peak District (National West Kent " " *# West Kent West Kent
* #
Surrey Surrey # " " Surrey
* * # #
# *#
* * * # # Atlas). # *# 5 5 5
Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right (2017) Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right (2017) Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right (2017) The earliest populations in the London area were in the south-west, 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Confirmed Breeding 2008-13 Present 2008-13 Breeding Distribution Change Overwintering 2007/08-2012/13 probably the result of expansion from its original strongholds around Mandarin Mandarin Mandarin PConfirmedrobable Breeding Breeding 2008-13 2008-13 Still on Migration 2008-13 BreedingRecent Distribution Gain Change (new in 2008-13) Old Gain (new in 1988-94) Overwintering 2007/08-2012/13 *# Recent Gain (new in 2008 - 13) Probable Breeding 2008-13 Virginia Water and Windsor Great Park, which lie in Surrey just outside Possible Breeding 2008-13 #StableOld Gain (new (present in 1988 - 94) in all periods) Variable (absent 1988-94) Possible Breeding 2008-13 " Stable (present in all periods)
Old Loss Recent Loss
Present 2008-13 " Variable (absent 1988 - 94)
the London area. The Mandarin was already established in these areas at #
Still on Migration 2008-13 (lastOld Loss occupied (last occupied 1968 1968-72)- 72) (last occupied 1988-94) *
the time of the first confirmed breeding in the London area, near Thorpe # Recent Loss (last occupied 1988 - 94) in 1946 (Self). By the second atlas period, it was widespread in the south- west and breeding in several locations elsewhere, particularly in north London and the Hertfordshire sector, as well as Epping Forest. It was also recorded as present in Inner London at Regent’s Park. The current atlas shows losses from a small number of tetrads in Surrey but increased occupancy in most other areas, confirming that Mandarin Duck is fully established in the London area. In Inner London, breeding appears to have occurred amongst birds of captive origin in St James’s Park in the late 1990s (Self), followed by a pair at Hyde Park/Kensington Gardens in 2007 and subsequently other Royal Parks (Self).
Number of Tetrads Period Evidence of Breeding Seen Only Total Breeding 1968–72 24 9 33 Breeding 1988–94 54 38 92 Breeding 2008–13 126 66 192 Winter 2007/8–2012/13 - - 151
During winter, the distribution of the Mandarin Duck is similar to the breeding season, both nationally and within London. Compared to the breeding season, it was found in fewer tetrads within the London area. However, birds are more often seen in larger flocks and may be more visible, particularly if they are forced into more open water by cold weather. The biggest count during the atlas period came from Grovelands Park, north London, with 158 in November 2009. A three figure count also occurred at Regent’s Park, where 103 were recorded in December 2010 (LBR), possibly relating to birds moving into London as a result of cold weather. 204 205
Breeding Distribution Breeding Change Winter Distribution
* * * # # #
# " " # " # # "
* * * * * * * # # # # # # #
Little Owl Hertfordshire Hertfordshire # Hertfordshire
North Essex " " " " " " " *# North Essex North Essex
* * * # # # # # # #
1 1 " *# " # # " " # 1
* * * * * # # # # # # # # #
" " *# *# # # " # # " #
* * * * * * # # # # # # # #
" " " " # *# " " " *# " " *# *# #
* * * * * * # # # # # # # #
Athene noctua " " " # " " " # " # # # # " #
* * * * * # # # # # # # # # #
TL " " " " " " *# " # " " # # TL TL
* * * * * * *
# # # # # # # #
0 0 # 0
TQ " # " # " # # " " TQ TQ
* * * * * *
# # # # # # # #
South *# *# " " *# *# # # *# " " # # # # South South
* * * # # # #
Essex # *# *# " *# *# *# *# *# # *# " " # Essex Essex
* * # # # #
Introduced, localised breeding resident. # " # *# *# " *# # # # # " " " "
* * * * * * * * # # # # # # # # # # ## #
*# *# *# " " # *# #
* * * * * * # # # # # # # #
9 9 " *# # # 9
* * * # # # # #
Middlesex # Middlesex " *# *# *# # Middlesex
* * * * * * * * # # # # # # # # #
# # " *# *# *#
* * * * * * # # # # # # # #
The Little Owl was introduced in the latter part of the nineteenth century # " *# *# # *#
* * * * # # # # # # # # #
# Buckinghamshire Buckinghamshire
Buckinghamshire # *# *# *# *# #
* * * # # # #
8 8 # *# *# " # # 8
* * * * # # # # # # # # and has since colonised much of lowland England and parts of Wales and, #
*#
* * # # # # # #
Inner " *# " *# Inner # Inner
* * * # # # # # # #
to a very limited extent, Scotland. However, the population, particularly in London " *# " " London*# " # London
* * * * * # # # # #
" " " " # # *# *#
* * * * # # # # # # #
7 7 # " " *# 7
* * * * # # # # # # # # # # #
western England, is currently in decline (National Atlas). # *# *# " *# *# *# # # *# *#
* * * * * * * * # # # # # # # # # # #
# " # " *# " "
* * * * * * # # # # # # # # # # # #
# " " *# " "
* * * * * * * * * # # # # # # # # # # # # #
# " " # *# "
* * * * * * * # # # # # # # # In our area, the distribution of this species has remained much the same #
6 6 " " # " *# *# " " 6
* * * # # # # # # #
West Kent " *# *# *# # # *# # " West Kent West Kent
* * * # # # # # #
between the first and current atlases. This species is primarily a bird of Surrey Surrey # *# # Surrey
* # #
# " *# "
* * # # # # # # *# *# low-lying, open but lightly wooded country and that is reflected in the 5 5 5
Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right (2017) Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right (2017) Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right (2017) atlas maps. Most of the records come from outside Greater London and 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Confirmed Breeding 2008-13 Present 2008-13 Breeding Distribution Change Overwintering 2007/08-2012/13 particularly the Hertfordshire and Essex sectors. There are however Little Owl Little Owl Little Owl PConfirmedrobable Breeding Breeding 2008-13 2008-13 Still on Migration 2008-13 BreedingRecent Distribution Gain Change (new in 2008-13) Old Gain (new in 1988-94) Overwintering 2007/08-2012/13 *# Recent Gain (new in 2008 - 13) Probable Breeding 2008-13 breeding populations in some of the larger open spaces within the built- Possible Breeding 2008-13 #StableOld Gain (new (present in 1988 - 94) in all periods) Variable (absent 1988-94) Possible Breeding 2008-13 " Stable (present in all periods)
Old Loss Recent Loss
Present 2008-13 " Variable (absent 1988 - 94)
up area, including Richmond Park, where 18 pairs were recorded in 2008 #
Still on Migration 2008-13 (lastOld Loss occupied (last occupied 1968 1968-72)- 72) (last occupied 1988-94) *
(LBR). This species has also penetrated Inner London. It is reported in # Recent Loss (last occupied 1988 - 94) the second atlas that a bird was often seen in Regent’s Park in 1989 and at least one pair bred successfully here several times during the current atlas period. A pair also bred in Hyde Park/Kensington Gardens during the current atlas period.
Number of Tetrads Period Evidence of Breeding Seen Only Total Breeding 1968–72 161 114 275 Breeding 1988–94 171 98 269 Breeding 2008–13 131 99 230 Winter 2007/8–2012/13 - - 213
Although it has a large home range, the Little Owl is a sedentary species. As a consequence, the distribution of this species in our area during the winter is much the same as during the breeding season. 244 245
Breeding Distribution Winter Distribution Winter Abundance
Blue Tit Hertfordshire Hertfordshire North Essex North Essex 1 1 Cyanistes caeruleus TL TL 0 0 TQ TQ South South Abundant breeding resident; green list. Essex Essex
9 9 Middlesex Middlesex The Blue Tit is one of the commonest resident species in Britain and Buckinghamshire Buckinghamshire Ireland and, although it is most abundant in lowland England, it is found in 8 8
Inner Inner nearly every 10km square (National Atlas). London London
7 7 It is also found in every tetrad in the London area. The first atlas shows some gaps in distribution, around the Thames, however, this was a 6 6 West Kent West Kent reflection of the completeness of the survey work rather than a real Surrey Surrey
absence at that time. The Blue Tit population in London increased steadily 5 5
Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right (2017) Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right (2017) from the end of the second atlas period until around 2005 when it went 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Confirmed Breeding 2008-13 Present 2008-13 Overwintering 2007/08-2012/13 TTV Count Data (Average Number) into decline. It appears that the population has now returned to a similar Blue Tit Blue Tit PConfirmedrobable Breeding Breeding 2008-13 2008-13 Still on Migration 2008-13 Overwintering 2007/08-2012/13 1-6 19-26 level to that at the time of the second atlas (BBS). The reasons for the PProbableossible Breeding Breeding 2008-13 2008-13 7-11 27-50 Possible Breeding 2008-13 12-18 recent decline are not known. Present 2008-13 Still on Migration 2008-13 Blue Tit abundance across our area seems to be largely level but with Breeding Abundance patches of higher density which are mostly associated with greater levels of tree cover and especially extensive woodland.
Number of Tetrads Period Evidence of Breeding Seen Only Total Breeding 1968–72 743 50 793 Breeding 1988–94 842 14 856 Breeding 2008–13 818 38 856 Winter 2007/8–2012/13 - - 855
The distribution of the Blue Tit in winter, both nationally and in our area, is the same as the breeding season. Patterns of abundance are also similar.
TTV Count Data (Mean Number) 1-5 16-22 %%6ÓLQGH[ÓIRUÓ/RQGRQÓ 6-9 23-40 %OXHÓ7LW 10-15 Breeding Change " " " " " " " " " " " " Hertfordshire "" " " " " " " " " " " " " "" North Essex 1 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " # " " # " " " " " " " " " " " " " " # " " " " " # # " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " # " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " # "" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " # " " # TL 0 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " TQ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " # # " " " " " " South " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " Essex " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " # # " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 9 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " # " " # # " " " " " " " "Middlesex# " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " # # # # # # " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " # " " " # " " # # " " # " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " # # # # " # # " # # # # " " #
Buckinghamshire " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " # # # # # # " " " # # # " " " # 8 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " # " # # " " " " " " # " # " " # " " " " # " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " # " " # # # " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "Inner" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "London" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " # " " " " " 7 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ,QGH[Ã ÃLQÃ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 6 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" # " " " " " " " " " " # " " " " " " " " " " West Kent Surrey " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 5
Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right (2017) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Breeding Distribution Change BTO/JNCC/RSPB Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) Blue Tit BreedingRecent Distribution Gain Change (new in 2008-13) Old Gain (new in 1988-94) *# Recent Gain (new in 2008 - 13) #StableOld Gain (new (present in 1988 - 94) in all periods) Variable (absent 1988-94) " Stable (present in all periods) Old Loss Recent Loss
" Variable (absent 1988 - 94)
(last# Old Loss occupied (last occupied 1968 1968-72)- 72) (last occupied 1988-94)
* # Recent Loss (last occupied 1988 - 94)