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Current Research BAMBOOS Current Research Proceedings of the International Bamboo Workshop held in Cochin, India from 14-18 November 1988 I.V. Ramanuja Rao, R. Gnanaharan, Cherla B. Sastry Published Jointly by: The Kerala Forest Research Institute, India and International Development Research Centre, Canada 1990 Kerala Forest Research Institute Peechi 680 653, India, and International Development Research Centre, Canada Regional Office for Southeast & East Asia 7th Storey, RELC Building 30 Orange Grove Road Singapore 1025. ISBN 981-00-2084-8 ii CONTENTS Page FOREWORD viii PREFACE ix DEDICATION xi COUNTRY REPORTS Bamboo Research in Nepal A.N. Das Some Aspects of Bamboo and its Utilization in Sri Lanka 6 Neela de Zoysa, Upeksha Hettige and K. Vivekanandan Status of Bamboo Research and Development in Thailand 12 Boonchoob Boontawee Bamboo Research in the Philippines 15 F.O. Tesoro and Z.B. Espiloy Bamboo Resource in the East African Region 22 B .N. Kigomo BAMBOO RESOURCES Genetic Wealth of Bamboos in India and their Conservation Strategies 29 TA. Thomas, R.K. Arora and Ranbir Singh Arundinaria alpina in Kenya 32 James Maina Were Bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) Resources of the Outer 34 Himalayas and Siwaliks of Western Uttar Pradesh: A Conservation Plea for Habitat Restoration S. Narendra Prasad Reed Bamboo (Ochlandra) in Kerala: Distribution and Management 39 Muktesh Kumar Bamboo Resource in the Homesteads of Kerala C.N. Krishnankutty Utilization of Remote Sensing Data in Identifying Bamboo Brakes A.R.R. Menon Population Aspect of the Phenological Behaviour of Bamboo Germplasm Sudhir Kochhar, Bhag Ma1 and R.G. Chaudhary Role of Bamboos in Secondary Succession after Slash and Bum Agriculture at Lower Elevations in North-east India KS. Rao and P.S. Ramakrishnan Flowering Characteristics of some Bamboos in Thailand Anan Anantachote iii Page MANAGEMENT OF BAMBOO FORESTS Scope for Change in the Management of Natural Bamboo Stands 76 with Special Reference to Madhya Pradesh Ram Prasad Management of Bamboo Forests 80 A.N. Chaturvedi Horse-shoe Harvesting Trials in Natural Gigantochloa hasskarliana Stands 83 Wisut Suwannapinunt Gregarious Flowering of Dendrocalamus strictus in Shahdol 87 (Madhya Pradesh) - Some Management Considerations A.P. Dwivedi Management of Wild Bamboo Seedlings for Natural Regeneration 92 and Reforestation Ratan La1 Banik GROWTH AND YIELD OF BAMBOOS Effect of Container Size on Growth of Bambusa arundinacea Seedlings 96 K.C. Chacko and MS. Jayaraman Leaf-litter and its Decomposition in Bamboo Timber Stands 99 Fu Maoyi, Fang Mingyu and Xie Jingzhong Performance of Bamboo under Varying Spacing and Fertility Levels 107 V.C. Patil and S.V. Patil Effect of N, P and K on Growth of Bambusa arundinacea Seedlings in pots 112 Thomas P. Thomas Effect of Fertilization on Growth and Yield of Bamboos 117 Wisut Suwannapinunt and Bunvong Thaiutsa Fertilization Studies in Bamboo Timber Stands 121 Fu Maoyi, Xie Jingzhong, Fang Mingyu, Ren Xiaojing and Li Daiyi A New Approach to the Management ofBamboo Stands 128 AC. Lakshmana PROPAGATION OF BAMBOOS Techniques for Seed Storage of Thyrsostachys siamensis 133 Sakonsak Ramyarangsi Vegetative Propagation of Ochlandra travancorica and 136 0. scriptoria by Culm Cuttings K.K. Seethalakshmi, T. Surendran and C.K. Somen Evaluation of Bamboo Regeneration Techniques 144 B.M. Kamondo and A.U. Haq Traditional Vegetative Propagation and Tissue Culture of some Thai Bamboos 148 Rungnapar Vongvijitra Tissue Culture Approaches to the Mass-propagation and 151 Genetic Improvement of Bamboos I.V. Ramanuja Rao and I.Usha Rao iv Page Potential Application of Tissue Culture for Propagation of 159 Dendrocalamus strictus A.F. Mascarenhas, A.L. Nadgir, S.R. Thengane, C.H. Phadke, S.S. Khuspe, M.V. Shirgurkar, VA. Parasharami and R.S. Nadgauda Mass-propagation of Bamboos from Somatic Embryos and 167 their Successful Transfer to the Forest I. Usha Rao, l.V Ramanuja Rao, Vibha Narang, Rekha Jerath and K. Gangadharan Pillai DISEASES AND PESTS OF BAMBOOS Diseases of Bamboos in Kerala 173 C. Mohanan Some Common Diseases of Bamboo and Reeds in Kerala 184 B. Balakrishnan, M. Chandrasekharan Nair and Lulu Das Current Status of Pests of Bamboos in India 190 Pratap Singh Occurrence and Pest Status of some Insects Attacking Bamboos in Newly 195 Established Plantations in Kerala George Mathew and R.V Varma PRESERVATION OF BAMBOOS Preservative Treatment of Bamboo for Structural Uses 199 Satish Kumar and P.B. Dobriyal A Workable Solution for Preserving Round Bamboo with ASCU 207 (CCA Type Salts) VR. Sonti A Simple and Cheap Method of Bamboo Preservation 209 Achmad Sulthoni Storage Pests of Bamboos in Kerala 212 George Mathew and K.S.S. Nair PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BAMBOOS/BAMBOO PRODUCTS Why the Sundanese of West Java Prefer Slope-inhabiting Gigantochloa 215 pseudoarundinacea to those Growing in the Valley Tavip Soeprayitno, Togar L. Tobing and Elizabeth A. Widjaja Comparative Strengths of Green and Air-dry Bamboo 218 Soenardi Prawirohatmodjo Wear Resistance of Two Commercial Bamboo Species in Peninsular 223 Malaysia and their Suitability as a Flooring Material Abd. Latif Mohmod, Mohd. Tamizi Mustafa, Mohd. Rashid Samad and Mohd. Shukari Midon Tensile Strength of Bamboo Fibre-reinforced Plastic Composites with 231 Different Stacking Sequences U.C. Jindal v Page BAMBOO AS A CONSTRUCTION/HOUSING MATERIAL The Importance of Bamboo as a Building Material 235 Jules J.A. Janssen Know-how of Bamboo House Construction 242 Harendra Nath Mishra Delft Wire-lacing Tool and a Unique Application - 250 Making a Geodesic Dome of 18m Diameter V.R. Sonti Typhoon Damage to Bamboo Housing 251 G.N. Bqughton and R. Chavez Jr. Building with Bamboo - A Solution for Housing the Rural Poor 258 Dommalapati Krishnamurthy Application of Bamboo as a Low-cost Construction Material 270 K. Ghavami CIB-W 18B Activities Towards a Structural Design Code for Bamboo 280 G.N. Boughton BAMBOO FOR PULP, PAPER AND BOARD Development of a Bamboo Base and its use as a Raw Material in 283 the Paper Industry Shen Zhen-xing, He Tian-jian, Zeng Guang-zhi and Chen Shao-nan The Efficient Utilization of Bamboo for Pulp and Paper-making 286 Subhash Maheshwari and K.C. Satpathy Recent Developments in Bamboo Board Manufacture and Future 291 Research Needs S.S. Zoolagud OTHER APPLICATIONS OF BAMBOOS Bamboo Inclusions in Soil Structures 294 Robert A. Douglas Utilization of Bamboos for Engineering Purposes 301 K.S. Low Maintenance and Operation of a Bamboo Pipe Water Supply System 307 T.N. Lipangile Waste-water Treatment by Low Cost Bamboo Trickling Filter 310 and Pond Systems Wolfgang Kirchhof BAMBOO ECONOMICS Some Aspects of Bamboo Production and Marketing 320 Songkram Thammincha Problems and Prospects of Traditional Bamboo-based Industry in Kerala 328 P.K. Muraleedharan and P. Rugmini vi Page Inter-sectoral Allocation of Bamboo Resources: The Social 334 and Economic Issues Mammen Chundamannil The Uses of Cichu (Sinocalamus affinis) and its Importance in 339 Rural Economics in South-west China Wenyue Hsiung PROSPECTS FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN BAMBOOS The Costa Rican Bamboo National Project 344 Ana Cecila Chaves and Jorge A. Gutierrez Bamboo as an Alternative Material in the Context of Diminishing Resources 350 W. Liese Bamboo Production : Imperatives and Research Strategies 353 A.D. Krikorian and A.N. Rao BAMBOO INFORMATION SYSTEM Bamboo Information Centre (China) 371 Zhu Shilin Bamboo Information Centre (India) 374 K. Ravindran Using the Scientific Information System 377 F.S.P. Ng RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE 381 THIRD INTERNATIONAL BAMBOO WORKSHOP REPORT OF THE MEETING OF THE 383 SUB-GROUP ON “BUILDING AND ENGINEERING WITH BAMBOO” PARTICIPANTS IN THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL BAMBOO WORKSHOP 384 vii FOREWORD By far the single-most important item of forest produce used by rural communities of the tropics, from the cradle to the coffin, is the bamboo. Over 75 genera and 1250 species are reported to occur in the world. Of late, the demand for this material has increased far beyond the availability, causing serious problems of over-exploita- tion and depletion of resources. Bamboos are aptly called the “poor man’s timber”. They are particularly important for the people of the East where they are found in greatest abundance and variety. Their strength, straightness, light- ness combined with extra-ordinary hardness, range in size, abun- dance, easy propagation, and the short period in which they attain maturity, make them suitable for a variety of purposes and hundreds of different uses have been reported from times immemorial. Even today, the bamboo continues to find new uses, such as paper-making, rayon industry, construction, architecture, engineering, technology, handicrafts, food and medicine. No doubt, this amazing tree-grass has played a significant role in the life and activities of man and perhaps no growing thing on earth has so many and as varied uses as the bamboo. Yet, we know very little about several aspects of this fascinating plant and these are receiving a high priority in the research activities of bamboo specialists. Thus, its biology, embryology, cytology, physiology of flowering, ecology, silviculture, utilisation are all under detailed investigation. Even the authentic identification of the different species of bamboos which is basic to all other studies has to be undertaken with a sense of purpose. It is in this context that the third International Bamboo Workshop held at Cochin, is specially relevant. The workshop gave an oppor- tunity for specialists in different aspects of bamboo to come together, discuss various problems under the same roof, evaluate the present state of knowledge on this very important resource and suggest measures for its effective propagation, scientific conservation, proper utilisation and management. To a true scientist and scholar, work is its own reward. Workshops of this type facilitate exchange of ideas and provide an entirely new dimension in the pursuit of truth and knowledge. The deliberations of the workshop have furthered our knowledge on the subject and the papers contained in this volume will add to the information of all those who are interested in the different aspects of this wonderful grass.
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