Westminster Seminary Number CHRISTIA TY TODAY

A PRESBYTERIAN JOURNAL DEVOTED TO STATING, DEFENDING III AND FURTHERING THE GOSPEL IN THE MODERN WORLD III SAMUEL G. CRAIG, Editor H. McALLISTER GRIFFITHS, Managing Editor Published monthly by THE PRESBYTERIAN AND MID-OCTOBER, 1931 51.00 A YEAR EVERYWHERE Enlered as second..,lo .. moiler May ii, 1931, 01 REFORMED ~UBLISHING CO., Vol. 2 No.6 Ihe Po,l Ollice 01 Philodelphia, Pa., under Ihe 501 Witherspoon Bldg., Phila., Pa. Acl 01 Motch 3,1879. Christianity and the Bible

HE relation between Christianity His will which is necessary to salvation could have Christianity had we no Bible Tand the' Bible has perhaps received and leave the matter of its preservation and quite another thing to say that we its best confessional expression in the and propagation to the ordinary workings would have Christianity had we no Bible. opening paragraph of the Westminster of providence. He went further and Granted that GOD might have adopted Confession of Faith. That paragraph made special provision for its preservation some other method for the preservation reads as follows: and propagation. He caused a written and propagation of saving truth, the "Although the light of nature, and the record of it to be made "for the better method He actually adopted was the works of creation and providence, do so far preservation and propagating of the method of committing it to writing. manifest the goodness, wisdom, and power truth, and for the more sure establish­ Granted, that conceivably we might have of God, as to leave men inexcusable; yet ment and comfort of the Church." The a saving knowledge of GOD and His will they are not sufficient to give that knowl­ edge of God and of His will, which is neces­ Bible is the instrument or vehicle that even if GOD had not committed this su­ sary unto salvation; therefore it pleased the GOD employed to convey to men a' saving pernatural revelation to writing, yet ac­ Lord, at sundry times, and in divers man­ knowledge of Himself and His will (Chris­ tually and as a matter of fact it is to ners, to reveal Himself, and to declare His tianity), "those former ways of GOD'S re­ the Bible that we are indebted for such will unto His Church; and afterwards, for vealing His will unto His people being saving knowledge as we possess. Here the better preservation and propagating of the truth, and for the more sure establish­ now ceased," but we should ever distin­ we avail ourselves of the eloquent but un­ ment and comfor:t of the Church against the guish between the conveyance and the exaggerated words of Warfield: corruption of the flesh, and the malice of thing conveyed. The famous declaration ''We may say that without a Bible we Satan and the world, to commit the same of CHILLINGWORTH that "the Bible and might have had Christ and all He stands for wholly unto writing; which maketh the Holy the Bible only is the religion of Protes­ to our souls .. Let us not say that this might . Scriptures to be' most necessary; those for­ tants" is true only in as far as it be taken not have been possible. But neither let us mer ways of God's revealing His will unto forget that, in point of fact, it is to the Bible His people being now ceased." to mean that the Bible is the sole au­ that we owe it that we know Christ and thoritative source of a saving knowledge are found in Him. And may it not be fairly According to the statement cited, it is of GOD and His will. doubted whether you and I-however true a mistake to say that Christianity is de­ It is one thiilg, however, to say that we it may have been with others-would have pendent upon the Bible for its very ex­ had Christ had there been no Bible? We istence. Christianity existed before the must not at any rate forget those nineteen Bible-obviously before that portion of Christian centuries that stretch between us IN THIS ISSUE: and Christ, whose Christian Light we would the Bible we call the New Testament­ do much to blot out and sink in a dreadful and conceivably God might have found a Editorial Notes and Comments...... 3 darkness if we could blot out the Bible. way of preserving and propagating it Even with the Bible, and all that had come The Ministry of Reconciliation...... 5 from the Bible to form Christian lives and without having caused the Bible to be F. R. Elder written. It is a relative not an absolute inform a Christian literature, after a News Notes from Westminster millennium and a half the darkness had necessity that the Confession of Faith as­ Theological Seminary...... • . 8 grown so deep that a Reformation was neces­ serts concerning the Bible. What is F. H. Stevenson sary if Christian truth was to persist,-a absolutely necessary to the existence of Luther was necessary, raised up by God to 'Notes on Biblical Exposition ...... 12 Christianity in the thoughts and lives of rediscover the Bible and give it back to man. J. G. Machen Suppose there had been no Bible for Luther men is "that knowledge of GOD and His Books of Religious Significance ...... 15 to rediscover and on the lines of which to will which is necessary unto salvation," refound the church-and no Bible in the ~ ) however acquired. GOD, however, was not Letters to the Editor ...... " 16 hearts of God's saints and in the pages 'of content to make known that knowledge of News of the Church...... 19 Christian literature, persisting through 2 CHRISTIANITY TODAY October~ 1931 those dark ages ttl prepare a Luther to re­ Bible and yet believe that the message has GOD' arid as such an infallible -{ule of diseover it? Though· Christ had come into come to -us merely on the authority of trust­ faith and_praqtic~, ,Itrp.ay be auaec1 that, the. world and had lived and died for us, wortlr.f witness.es unaided in their literary' m;ight it not be to us ... as though He work by any supernatural guidance of the . only as the Bible is recognized as such a had not been? Or, if some faint echo Spirit of God. There are many who believe book does it speak directly to our souls of a Son of God offering salvation to men . that the Bible is right at the central point, as GOD'S. Wora.. This is the only view of could still be faintly heard even by such in its account of the redeeming work of the Bible whereby ~t brings the soul into Christ, and yet believe that it contains many dull ears as ours, sounding down the ages, immediate relation to GOD in 'the matter who would have ears to catch the fulness of errors. Such men are not really liberals, the message of free grace which He brought but Christians; because they have accepted of truth. According to other views its into the world? Who could assure our as true the message upon which Christianity human authors stand as' m~re or l~ss de­ doubting souls that it was not all a pleasant depends. A great gulf separates .them from pendable intermedial'ies between us anCl. dream? Who could cleanse the message those who reject the supernatural act of GOD. The importance of this to'· Chris­ God with which Christianity stands or falls" from the ever-gathering corruptions of the tian thought and life, especially to Chris­ multiplying years? - No: whatever might (Christianity and Liberalism, p. 75). possibly have been had there been no Bible, tian assurance and Christian fr~ed~m, it is actually to the Bible that You and I In admitting that we could have Chris­ cannot be developed in this connection. owe it that we have a Christ-:-a Christ to tianity even if the Bible was. only par­ love, to trust and to follow, a Christ with­ tially trustworthy in its statements weare .. Certainly ac,cording to the Westminster out us the ground of our salvation, a Christ not, after the manner of some, preparing Confession of Faith the Bible is com­ within us the hope of glory" (Revelation the way for maintaining that that is the pletely trustworthy and divinely authori­ and Inspiration, p. 72). only kind of Bible we have. As a matter tative throughout. In the paragraph If it be conceivable that we could have of fact we hold-on valid grounds-that cited above, it is GOD Himself who is said Christianity even if we had no Bible, it the Bible is (not merely contains) the to have committed that "knowledge or goes without saying that the possession of Word of GOD and as such is completely GOD and His will which is necessary unto an errorless Bible is not essential to the trustworthy whether as regards its fac­ salvation" unto writing. Since it was existence of Christianity. It is conceiv­ tual, doctrinal or ethical representations. GOD and not merely man who is repre­ able that GOD should have made such a Moreover, we hold that Christianity, sented as doing this it follows as a matter revelation of Himself and His will as is though not dependent upon such a view of course that the Bible is thought of as "necessary unto salvation" but have left of the Bible for its being, is dependent free of error. That such was the judg­ the matter of its record, and so of its upon it for its well-being. In the history ment of the Westminster Divines is made preservation and propagation, to men of the Church low views of inspiration certain by,. the fact that later they as~~rt without exerting any special superin­ have ever been .the precursor of increas­ that the Biblical books have "GOD (who tendence over their efforts. Even if the ingly erroneous conceptions of Chris­ is truth itself)" for their "author" (sec. writers of the Bible were no more trust­ tianity. What Dr. CHARLES HODGE said 4), that they are of "irifallible truth arid worthy than ordinary historians, either of the Rationalists in his discussion of divine authority" (sec. 5), that they are in their report of the facts or the doc­ the doctrine of justification admits of so trustworthy that a '''Christian believeth trines that constitute Christianity, their wide application. to be true whatsoever is r~vealed in them" (Chap. 14, sec. 2)-not to mention other writings might yield us a saving knowl­ "Those who admitted the divine origin edge of GOD and His will. What is in­ of the Scriptures got rid of its distinctive declarations of like import. dispensable, from this point of view, is doctrines by the adoption of a low theory In considering the relation between' not an infallible record but merely one of inspiration.... Inspiration was, In the first instance, confined to the religious teach­ Christianity and the Bible the testimony that is historically credible and generally ings of the Bible, then to the ideas or truths, of the Scriptures to their own trust­ trustworthy. As a matter of fact there but not to the form in which they were pre­ worthiness is a matter of first importance. have been and are many genuine Chris­ sented. The fact that Christ saves men in The representation' is widely current that some way was admitted, but not as a sacri­ tians who have held that that is the only belief in the complete trustworthiness of kind of Bible we have. We are in entire fice nor as a ransom, nor by being a substi­ tute for sinners.... In this way a wet the Bible.is a view that men have sought agreement with what Dr. MACHEN has sponge was passed over all the doctrines of to impose on the Bible, not one derived written relative to this point: redemption, and their outlines obliterated. from the Bible itself. .As a matter or "It must be admitted that there are many This unnatural process could not be long fact it has been derived from the Scrip­ continued, and, therefore, the majority of Christians who do not accept the doctrine tures themselves, more especially from' the Ra tionalists soon threw off all regard to the of plenary inspiration. That doctrine is exegetically obtained fact that this was de.nied not only by liberal opponents of normal authority of the Bible, and avowed Christianity. but also by many true Chris­ their faith in notl).ing which did not com­ the view held by our LORD and His tian men. There are many Christian ·men mend itself to their own understanding as apostles. It is not too much to say that in the modern Church who tind in the origin true, apd for that reason alone" (Systematic the fundamental claim of the Bible is Theology, Vol. 3, p. 195). of Ghristianity no mere product of evolution • the claim to be entirely trustworthy, be- but a real entrance of the creative power of On the other hand, the times during cause of divine origin and authority. On God, who depend for their salvation, not at all upon their own efforts to lead the Christ which Christianity has :flourished-en- this claim it bases its demand that men life, but upon the atoning blood of Christ­ joyed not only being but well-being- believe and obey all its other teachings. there are many men in the modern Church have ever been times in which the Bible There is a true sense, therefore, in which who thus accept the central message of the has been recognized as the very Word of Christian faith and hope is bound up October, 1931 CHRISTIANITY TODAY 3

with the view of the Bible we have com­ such an inspiration there could be no Chris­ value if they contained a somewhat fuller mended. We are dependent on the Bible tianity. Without any inspiration we could record of the happenings at the Assemely. have had Christianity; yea, ·and men could For example, they contain no record of lost for our knowledge of all the distinctive still have heard the truth, and through it motions. Thus it often comes about that facts_.and doctrines of Christianity. If been awakened, and justified, and sanctijied the Minutes make no mention of matters we cannot trust it in what it tells us and glorified. The verities of our faith that have sharply divided an Assembly. about itself, the question arises whether would remain historically proven true to us, Consequently it is frequently impossible to we are warranted in trusting it in what so bountiful has God been in His fostering obtain anything like an adequate knOWledge care, even had we no Bible; and through of the proceedings of an Assembly merely by it tells us about the deity of CHRIST, re­ those verities, salvation. But to· what un­ reading its official Minutes. In this .respect demption in His blood, justification by certainties and doubts would we be the prey! the Minutes issued by tlie Scottish, Can­ faith, regeneration by the Holy Spirit, -to what errors, constantly begetting worse adian and other Presbyterian Churches the heavenly inheritance. errors,. exposed!-to what refuges, all of seem to us much better than our own. More­ Perhaps we cannot conclude our all too them refuges of lies, driven! Look but at over, the Minutes are sometimes compressed those who have lost the knowledge of this to such a degree as to fail to convey a meager discussion of this important sub­ infallible guide; see them evincing man's true conception of what happened. For ject more profitably to our readers than most pressing need by inventing for them­ instance, all that is recorded of the election by citing the closing words of Dr. WAR­ selves an infallible church, or even an in­ of the Moderator of the last Assembly is the FIELD'S book, "Revelation and Inspira­ fallible Pope. Revelation is but half revela­ statement that "The Rev_ LEWIS SEYMOUR tion"-a book that cannot be too highly tion unless it be infallibly communicated; MUDGE, of tke Presbytery of Philadelphia, it is but half communicated unless it be was uI1animously elected Moderator of the commended to Bible students. In the infallibly reported. The heathen in their General Assembly." It is not false to say sentence immediately preceding he thanks . blindness are our witnesses of what becomes that Dr. MUDGE was "unanimously elected" GOD for having so loved us as not only of an unrecorded revelation. Let us bless Moderator of the last Assembly, inasmuch to reveal His will but to give us a pure God, then, for His inspired word! And as after the result had been announced the record of it-GoD-given in all its paris may He grant that we may always cherish, rival candidate moved, and the Assembly love and venerate it, and conform all our approved, that the vote be made unanimous, and infallible in all its statements-and life and thinking to it! So may we find but as it stands the record is fitted to con­ adds: safety for our feet, and peaceful security vey the impression that Dr. MUDGE was un­ "I am far from contending that without for our souls." opposed as Moderator when, as a matter of fact, a change of 71 votes would have meant the election of Dr. BURRELL. There are plenty of precedents for this manner of recording the election of a Moderator-Dr. MUDGE has Editorial Notes and Comments not recorded his own election differently than he recorded the . election of his Westminster Seminary who want Ministers who have been trained predecessors under similar circumstances­ by· real scholars who stand without equivo­ but that does not alter the fact it fails· to E make no apology for devoting so cation or compromise for the Bible as the advise the reader of what actually hap­ W much of our space in this issue to mat­ completely trustworthy and divinely au­ pened. More might be said. What has been ters connected with Westminster Theolog­ thoritative Word of GOD. said, however, is sufficient to indicate that ical Seminary. While CHRIST'IAN'rTy-ToDAY is The main problem that confronts West­ with all their excellence the Minutes of our not officially related to this institution, it is minster Seminary is not the getting of stu­ General Assemblies might be considerably in full sympathy with its aims and pur­ dents or the placing of its graduates, but improved. poses and desirous of doing everything· pos­ the securing of funds with which to carry sible to further its interests. on its vitally important work.• Westminster When two years ago Westminster Sem­ Seminary has practically no endowment. It inary was established "to carryon and per­ The Reorganization of Western is all but wholly dependent on the voluntary petuate the poliCies and traditions of Prince­ gifts of its friends. Its enlarged student and Princeton Seminaries ton Theological Seminary that institution as body means enlarged, not reduced expenses. existed prior to its reorganization," it was y the action of the last General Assem­ The manner in which its financial needs confidentiy predicted by many that it would bly (Minutes Pp_ 112"-128) the old have been met thus far, despite the pre· B prove to be but a "flash in the pan." Well­ Board of Directors· of the Western Theolog­ vailing business depreSSion, has been almost known Presbyterians expressed the opinion ical Seminary at Pittsburgh was dissolved as amazing to its friends as to its enemies. that its first year would be its last. These and its functions vested in its Board of Only as GOD continues to put it into the prophecies have not been justified by the Trustees, enlarged to thirty members. hearts of His people to contribute to its event. That the institution is meeting a real support-and they respond to His urging­ The editor of the Presbyterian obviously need in the life of the Church is evidenced erred when he recently stated that the new can it hope to continue to exist and thrive. not only by the growth of its student body In our judgment the origin and growth of Board of Control at Western is "made up but by the facility with which its graduates all Westminster Seminary promises more for of the members of the two boards have been absorbed by the Church. When merged," inasmuch as the combined mem­ the future of the Presbyterian Church and its opening was first announced, prospective evangelical Christianity than anything that bership of the two old boards consisted of students were warned against enrolling on has happened in many a day. some fifty odd persons. What happened was the ground that there would be no demand that the members of the two old boards for the services of the graduates of such an "unanimously selected" from their number "outlaw" institution. Here, too, however, the (thirty) men who should compose its the wish was father to the thought. As a The Minutes of the 143rd Assembly single Board of Control. That apart, we matter of fact, the demand for its graduates HE Minutes of the last AssemblY main­ do not share his belief that it would have has exceeded the supply. Events have tain their usual excellence. It seems to been better if Princeton Seminary had been shown that there are still many churches us,T however, that it would add much to their reorganized under a single board consisting 4 CHRISTIANITY TODAY October, 1931

of all the members' of the two old boards, The Orthodoxy of the Presbyterian the rank of essential doctrines. Had the despite the fact that we share with him Auburn Affirmation attacked these deliver­ the distinction of being among those who Church U. S. A. ances on constitutional grounds alone Dr. were "kicked off." In the case of Western R. E. M. MILLIGAN, a prominent Min­ Wood kin would be warranted in saying that apparently-. the only l'easou why this was D ister of the United Presbyterian it affords no warrant for asserting that its not done (apart from the desire to have a Church, has mailed a pamphlet to all the signers are unsound in the faith; but as a board of reasonable size) was the fact that elders and Ministers of that Church in which matter of fact it went further and denied its charter provides that its Board of he vigorously opposes union with the Pres­ that these deliverances express essential Trustees "shall not consist at any time of byterian Church U. S. A. on the ground that doctrines of the Word of GOD and of the more than thirty persons." In the case of the latter Church is unsound in the faith. Standards of the Presbyterian Church. Princeton, however, there existed among the He asserts that he has been compelled to Grant, if you will, that the Auburn Affirma­ members of the old boards an irreconcilable use such means to warn his brethren against tion was warranted in as far as it was a difference of opinion relative to the policy making what he regards as "a terrible mis­ protest against setting up extra-constitu­ according to which the seminary should be take" because "it is impossible to get a fair tional tests of orthodoxy, it is as clear as controlled. Even at the time it was ap­ hearing in The United Presbyterian while day (1) that it asserts that the doctrine of parent that the members were so evenly The Ohristian Union Herald has been closed Biblical inerrancy is not only false but divided over this matter that it was doubt­ to all discussion of the union question for harmful and (2)' that it asserts that belief ful whether a merger of the boards would the present." in the virgin birth of our LORD, in his give either side a working majority. Sub­ bodily resurrection- (and so by implication This pamphlet seems to have created quite sequent events have made it clear, it seems in His visible return), and in His substitu­ a stir, judging from the attention it is re­ to us, that such a merger would have led to tionary atonement by which He rendered a ceiving in the pages of The United Presby­ essentially the same change of policy at satisfaction to divine justice, are all alike to terian. Its issue of August 13 contains an Princeton as has resulted. Hence we believe be classed as non-essential doctrines. If editorial denial of Dr_ MILLIGAN'S charge that such a merger would have meant the' that does not prove that its sigJ;lers are un­ against that paper that is far from con­ destruction of old Princeton under circum­ sound in the faith we are at a loss to know vincing; that of September 3 an article by stances that would have kept the Church in what would constitute such proof. Dr. WILLIAM M. WOODFIN that deals with ignorance of what had happened until it the main ground upon which Dr. MILLIGAN Drs. WOODFIN, McNAUGHER and MILLIGAN was an accomplished fact. More particularly opposes union; that of September 10 an all seem to assume that the United Presby­ it would have meant its destruction under article by Dr. JOHN McNAUGHER entitled "A terian Church is sound in the faith and conditions that would not have resulted in Reply to an Intemperate Pamphlet" that would be unwilling to consider union with the establishment of Westminster Seminary. describes his own article at least as well as the Presbyterian Church U. S. A. unless it It is of greater present importance to note it describes Dr. MILLIGAN'S pamphlet. thought that the great majority of its Min­ that an unquestionably legal method was Dr. WOODFIN'S article is free of those isters and elders were also sound in the followed in forming one board at Western. "harsh judgments, bitter personalities or faith. We trust that this assumption is No change was made in its charter. What attributing of unworthy motives" that to a well-grounded, but by as much as it is well­ was done was to increase the number of considerable degree mar those of Dr. MIL­ grounded we think they will do well to Trustees to thirty, as provided for in its LIGAN, Dr. McNAUGHER and the editor of The "stop, look and listen" before they actuallY charter, and transfer the functions of the United Presbyterian. As a refutation of Dr. cross the track that now separates them and old Board of Directors to this enlarged MILLIGAN'S charge that the Presbyterian the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. Board of Trustees. The same method might Church U. S. A. is unsound in the faith, While in our . judgment the Presbyterian have been followed in the reorganization of however, it is poorly informed and lacking Church in the U. S. A. is not quite as bad as Princeton Seminary except that its charter in cogency. Despite the fact that Dr. WOOD­ Dr. MILLIG_~N pictures it, we would advise the provided for a board of "not more than FIN claims to have kept in close touch with United Presbyterians to go slow about unit­ twenty-one persons, twelve of whom shall at happenings in the Presbyterian Church ing with us-unless they as a body are as all times be laymen and citizens" of New U. S. A. for a quarter of a century-from bad as we are. Jersey (according to the charter of Western 1906 to 1924 he was one of its Ministers­ Seminary, only nine of the thirty need be he tells the United Presbyterians, strange laymen and citizens of Pennsylvania). Had as it may seem to the informed, that its Should the Orthodox Withdraw such a method been followed at Princeton, "Fundamentalists" would not have paid any it would have placed the institution in the attention to Dr. FOSDICI:: preaching in one from the Presbyterian Church U. S. A.? of its pulpits had not his sermon, "Shall hands of a board the majority of whom HE editor of The United Presbyterian, the Fundamentalists Win?" been broadcast were laymen and citizens of New Jersey, but in his.reply to Dr. MILLIGAN, disposes of by a layman with more zeal than wisdom; T it would have been unquestionably legal. the latter's citation of the views of certain also that no doctrinal issues were involved What was done, however, was to amend the "leaders of the cOJ;lservatives of the Presby­ in the Princeton controversy. It is hardly charter so .as to provide for a larger board terian Church (U. S. A.)" in support of his surpriSing, therefore, that he also tells the under an act of the Legislature of New Jer­ contention that said Church is unsound in United Presbyterians that the Auburn Af­ sey that, according to leading New Jersey the faith thus: "If the Presbyterian firmation was merely a protest against an lawyers, does not authorize such an amend­ Church, U. S. A., is as black as these critics Assembly setting up tests of orthodoxy ment, As a result it is highly doubtful and paint it, the wonder is that they do not other than those prescribed in the Constitu­ immediately sever relationship with it, a will remain doubtful until it is settled by tion of the Church. One wonders whether thing that they seem to have no intention of judicial decision-as we are confident will those who make this statement have ever doing. The fact that they continue in that be done some day-whether the reorganiza­ read the Auburn Affirmation. Surely every tion was brought about in a legal or an intelligent person who carefully reads that Church reveals their deep conviction that illegal manner. In the meantime, it should document cannot fail to learn that it attacks the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., is nearer not be overlooked that all the actions of the the Assembly deliverances of 1910, 1916, and their ideal of what a Church ought to be existing Board of Control of Princeton Sem­ 1923 not merely on constitutional grounds than any other Church. Most people will inary are of doubtful legality and so of but also on the ground that they were at­ give more weight to the argument of their doubtful validity. tempts to elevate non-essential doctrines to (Ooncluded on page 17) October, 1931 CHRISTIANITY TODAY 5 The Ministry of Reconciliation

By the Rev. Frank R. Elderl D.O. Minister, the Presbyterian Church of the Covenant, Cincinnati, Ohio (Aqq Address Delivered at the opening exercises of Westminster Seminary, September 30, 1931) HE novice who looks at the con­ A Memorable Picture has many compensations and one of Tsole of a great organ is amazed them is that wherever a man finds at the bewildering array 'Of keys and himself, be it a wide field or a narrow stops that greets the eye. How can one, there is always more. to be done one ever learn which key to touch, than he can do. The danger lies in which pedal to press, which stop to becoming submerged in a mass of open, which combinati.on to invoke, particulars, in succumbing to an in­ so that the souls 01 men may be sidious form of materialism. Unless stirred and they may dream dreams one is on guard he may mistake the and see visions? How is it possible treadmill for the highway and let bus­ to avoid aeacophony or to make real tling busyness become a substitute for music? Yet all this awesome con­ the witness of the Spirit. fusion is simplicity itself as compared The problem must be solved by the with the vast medley of choices which reverent choice of a principle of u:nity. confronts the Minister of the Gospel The situation does not indicate ascetic as he takes up his task. . flight nor a mad plunge into the 'They tell 1lil of a time when the thing that is nearest. The issue is work of the Minister was v~ry dif­ one that cannot be dodged and to fol­ ferent, when his duties were few and low the line of least resistance insures well-defined, when he had something a futile ministry. Yet no subtle of cloistered leisure. If there ever was This picture appeared as the frontispiece in the dialectic is required to dea:! with this June issue of THE Q-IINA FUNDAMENTAL· such a time it is beyond the memory of 1ST published in Shanghai by The Presbyterian multitude of unruly demands. What is living men. Today the Minister has the Mission Press with the explanation: "Robert Dick needed is simply a bold unswerving ad­ Wilson's last photograph, taken with Dr. and Mrs. sensation of one who tries to drive Henry M. Woods. In his address to the League herance to the New Testament ideal for wild horses six abreast. The demands of Evangelical Students a year ago Dr. Wilson the ministry. said, 'My boys, my end is not far off; and I will upon his time and strength are. multi­ be waiting for you over there.' " The Pauline word is "the ministry farious, constant and unr.elenting. The of reconciliation" and what a rich Dr. Wilson's memory is honored in China as postman on his morning round brings it is wherever missionaries who are loyal to the and stimulating word it is. All of him invitations to aid this appealing Word of God are found. A picture of the kindly, Christian doctrine is in it. Theology, happy, gifted Christian scholar, probably the most charity or advance that great and famous conservative Old Testament authority of anthropology and soteriology are all worthy reform. The language is polite our time, brings tender recollections not only to there in solution. It speaks to us missionaries but to thousands of Ministers in the but insistent. The adverbs may be vel­ United States and to an extraordinary number. of of a God of righteousness and yet of vet but the verbs are steel. The Minister acquaintances in other walks in life in America love, who has been wronged but who and Europe. As a defender of the truthfulness is also reminded constantly of the of the Bible he gave confidence and assurance to is reac1y to forgive. It tens us of man, needs of his congregation, the sick and his students. When Dr. Wilson took his part in sinful, weak and stubborn, desperately the establishment of Westminster Theological the healthy, the richer and the poorer, Seminary, making a costly sacrifice in order that in need of the power and friendship of the better and the worse. All these he might throw his great influence where it would God. It reIp.inds us of One who came count most for the Bible, he simply fol1owed .the have their claims upon him which he course his friends knew he must follow. Com­ to earth to bring men back to God and cannot escape. The community looks to promises on principles for the sake of personal whose Cross alone made reconciliation him for light and leading in caring for advantage in the Princeton Seminary debacle possible. This conception of the work of were as alluring to him as to other men. He its poor and in dealing with the way­ considered them all. But he did not yield; he the ministry is our coefficient of syn~ ward and the erring. conld not. thesis. It will bring order to the chaos Because the Minister's field of labor In the photograph from left to right are Mrs. of our tasks. touches every other field, because his ear Woods, the Rev. Dr. Henry M. Woods (a Trustee To be sure such an idea of the Min­ of Westminster Seminary), Mrs. Wilson and Dr. is attuned to human need, because not­ Wilson. In front is William T. Blackstone who ister's office does not appeal to the con­ withstanding the croaking of carping graduated from Westminster last year and is now ceit of the modern man. There are cir­ critics the help of the church is appre­ a missionary in China. Readers of the book "Jesus is Coming" by W. E. B. will be interested cles where to utter such a view as this ciated by a multitude of interests, he is in learning that this young Minister is the grand· would lay one open to the familiar epi­ beckoned hither and thither, day and son of the author, William E. Blackstone, and thets "Puritans," "obscurantist" and that . another grandson has entered Westminster night, week after week. The minIstry Seminary this fall. "old fogey." But names need not disturb 6 CHRISTIANITY TODAY October, 1931

us if we are assured that this concep­ Furthermore the .Minister of today is an satisfaction comes when the Minister gives tion of the ministry is the true one. Our executive ipso facto and willy nilly. Rare right of way to the main purpose. chief concern is whether or not this way is the church which do.es not shelter a It is in the pulpit that the Minister ex­ oflookill.g at the lIfe· and work of the swarm of groups and societies. On all ercises his most characteristic function. Minister is in harmony with the authori­ these organizations the Minister must As a preacher he does his most important tative revelation in the Word of God. keep his hand. Conditions change, poli­ work. Protestantism is unique in its em­ If this is that to which we are com­ cies must be adapted and the personal phasis on preaching. .Other religions missioned by our charter we. can . afford equation has constantly to be dealt with. have their priests but the Minister of the to ignore those who mutilate the Bible It is the Minister who must find some Gospel is not a priest, unless pointing to on their Procrustean beds. The arrogant way to use both Euodia and Syntyche, the sacrifice of Christ be viewed as sacer­ little systems will have their day and who must anticipate the dangerous expan­ dotal. Nor is it enough to say that the cease to be. sion of Diotrephes' self esteem and who Minister is a prophet. He is more than Perhaps the most difficult task the must discover someone to take the place a prophet. He too has a message from Minister faces is the preservation of the of Demas .. Movements and activities out­ God. But while there was almost always integrity of his own soul. Insidious is side the four walls of his church brazenly the note of urgency in the prophet's mes­ the tendency to become professional, to commandeer the Minister's time and ener­ sage, yet his orders read, "Thou shalt' speak treat the tremendous verities of faith as gies. Against some of these he will steel my words unto them, whether they will commonplaces, to speak glibly of eterni­ his resolution, while he decides that others hear or whether they will forbear." Such ties, to think of all that Jesus said and warrant his cooperation. is not the Minister's commission. It is did as mere sermon material. The great With all these insistent interests de­ clothed in words like these: "Go out into apostle to the Gentiles apprehended this manding a part of him the Minister must the highways and hedges and compel them peri1, for as he was taking leave of the have a crucible to test the validity 'of to come in"; "Go ye therefore and make church leaders at Miletus he gave them their claims. He must have a formula disciples." It is illustrated by the Good counsel inspired by his own deep sense of for determining what he shall do and how . Shepherd who sought until he found. It personal need, when he said "Take heed he shall do it. There can be no better is exemplified by the great apostle who to yourselves." He knew how utterly way to meet each situation than in the knowing the fear of the Lord persuaded essential it is that the Minister's heart be consciousness that he is a Minister of men and who was resolved that by all warm and filled with a high passion. And reconciliation .. As he meditates upon his means he might save some. The prophet of John the Baptist it was said by our parishioners one by one, shall he not ask might content himself with declaring the Lord that he was a burning and a shining himself "How may I open that life to the whole counsel of God but the Minister light. This is not redundancy. He shone power of God? How can I help the Lord . must go further and seek in every pos­ because he burned. Jesus Christ to melt that hard heart P sible way to have .that counsel accepted. Paul, fearful that though he had How shali I bring the peace of God into He dare not adopt the take-it-or-Ieave-it preached to others he himself should be that turbulent life P" Then as he thinks attitude. He must ever be thinking of a castaway; Luther, crying as the tears of the varied societies within the Church the dotted line. He is not a lecturer or rolled down his cheeks "For me! For ought he not to say "Does this orgl}niza­ an essayist. He is an attorney at the bar me !"; Phillips Brooks, prone upon the tion minister directly to the program of pleading for a favorable verdict. floor of his steamer stateroom pouring reconciliation? If not why should it His work is simplified and his vision out his soul to God in humble gratitude cumber the ground P If it does how can clarified if he is resolved that every serv­ and joy-these are pictures that should it increase its usefulness in building up ice shall in some way carry the message hang on the walls of every Minister's the Kingdom where the will of God is of reconciliation. No matter what evi­ mind. Weare Ministers of reconciliation done P" And when the Minister con­ dences of scholarly attainment, of elo­ but only because we are first of all sinners siders his relation to outside movements quent diction or of intellectual capacity saved by grace. Our solitary hours, of he is likely to have heart-searchings. It a sermon may reveal, if it does not serve which there must be many, will be re­ may change the whole current of his min­ to bring God into the hearts of the deemed from boredom and barrenness istry if he faithfully and clear-sightedly hearers, it is sounding brass or a tinkling only when they are spent under the asks himself "How does this speech I am cymbal. Unless preaching pleads with shadow of the Cross. We must make our asked to make, this committee on which men to be reconciled to God it tends to own calling and election. sure. I am asked to serve, this club I am asked become what Jowett, the Master of Balliol, From his own congregation comes a to join-how do these bear upon my main called "wallowing in the obvious." Real wide variety of demands upon the Min­ task of reconciling men to God?" An preaching has been defined as "the re­ ister. Each member of his flock is an honest answer may mean less kudos, a demptive agony of a real man bringing individual and must be reckoned as such. narrower reputation as an after-dinner to the needs of men a knowledge of the How can the ambassador of God respond speaker, or a more restricted sphere of only true God in Jesus Christ-all else to each personality? How can he help influence and it may mean the opposite. is just public speaking of varying merit." in the development of each spiritual life ? We judge not one another, however rigor­ Real preaching is "tremulous with the This is a difficult problem, as many-sided ously we judge ourselves. Of this we may minors of Good Friday" and it is the only as there are people in his constituency. well be assured that the only enduring preadhing that men will respect for very October, 1931 CHRISTIANITY TODAY 7 long. Personal charm, brilliant phrases, it is a craving which the living God alone I have undergone a great sorrow. I have a superior manner, a cavalier treatment can gratify. So much of our present day lost one whose life was more precious to of the old formulae of faith, may com­ literature comes from those in darkness me than my own. And last of all I am mand-fOr IdiIDe a tenuous allegiance but who have lost their way. It is written in afraid to die. Can you not help me?" it is an attachment to a mere man and not a minor key and ends in a blind alley. Then the modernist will have to say "All the welding of life to the Son of Man. Perhaps some time soon some of these we can tell you is that nineteen centuries People may come to church spasmodically may admit their helplessness and be will­ ago there lived a very good man. Of from anyone of a hundred motives but ing to follow the true Guide who is the course he was the product of his time and the habitual church-goer wends his way Light of the World. What of the cults he had his limitations but he was the best to the sanctuary because he has a ren­ which have sprung up like mushrooms on man the world has ever known. We sug­ dezvous with God. He expects to meet every side with their promises of healing gest that you ,do the best you can to live Christ there who will help him to his feet and their illicit commerce with the other as he did. That is all we can offer you. and assure him that his sins are forgiven world? When these have spent their force We have no forgiveness of sins to give and that God is his friend. The preacher may not their devotees seek a sure word you. We cannot promise you any super­ may be crude or polished, gifted or ordi­ of prophecy? Then too with all its faults natural encouragement or hope or com­ nary, but if this is what he strives to ac­ modern psychology seems to be gravitat­ fort. As a matter of fact no one can do complish, his preaching will bear the ing toward the old fashioned doctrine of anything for you. Whatever is done stamp of reality. original sin. must be done by yourself. For instance if you pray, your prayer may bounce back Is such preaching an easy task? Not Modernism, gloomy and impotent, has for a moment and especially not in a from a heaven of brass and do you some no message for such an hour as this. It good but that is all." period of the world's history such as this. has no courage and no hope to offer. Men Many of the old sanctions have been will ask some day for an authoritative and What a dismal response to the deepest broken down. Doctrines which were once final guide in religion. The modernist needs of a human soul! What a Bar­ a part of every man's mental furniture, merchant will say "We do not stock it any mecide feast for the man who is hungry even though they may not have been per­ more. We are offering something just as for assurance and peace and strength is sonally appropriated, have been discarded good~religious experience." But the modern religious philosophy with its nega­ altogether. The mechanistic philosophy seeker will be in no mood to accept sub- tions, its evasions, its reservations, its has profoundly affected multitudes. Many stitutes. He will ask again for, a salva- rationalizations, its pessimism and its a man who never heard of Hegel is prac­ tion that really saves and once more the earthward pull! Blessed is the man who ticing Hegelianism and is satisfied to do modernist will answer ''We do not have in his hour of need has a true ambassador what is right in his own eyes. All these that either. Most of our customers are of God to show him the way of life, a things add to the difficulty of a task that tinkering away at a homemade salvation." Minister who is qivinely commissioned, was never easy but do they not at the This will not appeal to the disillusioned who is ordered forth to preach the gospel same time intensify the challenge of that seeker, yet he will ask "How about a of redemption, not one who hazards an task? If Wordsworth could characterize creed, something that will carry me opinion but one who announces a fact, the French Revolution in words like these: through life?" The pitying reply of the one with a passion for God and a passion "Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive modernist will be "We' had some creeds for men, one who desires with all his "But to be young was very heaven" on hand but they became somewhat shop- heart to effect and keep effective the re­ worn, so we junked them and tried to conciliation between God and man. surely as much can be said for today. The young men who are entering the ministry salvage the most valuable pieces but there Surely it will not be necessary to assert in our time will be the shock troops in was no, market. Noone wanted spare that what has been said just now cannot one of the world's greatest religious con­ parts of a creed. But why do you want by any cunning eisegesis be interpreted as flicts. a creed anyway? Let us recommend a a record of achievement of any Minister Signs are not wanting that the soil is hypodermic of social service, then you here today, least of all the speaker. being prepared for the seed of the Gospel. will be filled with sweetness and light and, Rather it is the course which we charted The very characteristics of our era are you will not know or care whether you at the beginning. It must be admitted evidences of a deep spiritual need. The have a creed or not." But a man who is with sorrow that there have been plenty accelerated tempo of our distracting days, resolved at all costs to face the facts of of times when the force of adverse winds the restlessness, the craving for excite­ life will not be misled by specious argu­ has been underestimated, when foreign ment, the sudden veerings of popular ments. ,I fancy him finally saying to the particles in the binnacle have deflected preference are eloquent of the hunger of modernist "My friend, you do not under­ the needle of the compass and when shift­ humanity. This longing for something stand. I am in dire straits. I need help. ing planets have usurped the place of the better, for something that "maketh rich I am weak. My life is a failure and I am north star, but the merciful and patient but addeth no sorrow thereunto" may not burdened with the consciousness that I Captain of our vessel has always put us be recognized as a desire for God on the myself am to blame. Then too I am suf­ back on the course again. part of those who possess it. It may be fering pain from a disease which the doc­ Certain painters of the Italian Re­ inarticulate, even wholly unconscious but tors tell me is incurable. More than that (Concluded on page 18)' 8 CHRISTIANITY TODAY October, 1931 News Notes from Westminster Theological Seminary By the Rev. Frank H. Stevenson,.D. D. President of the Board of Trustees

. THE experimental stage of Westminster Seminary's history North England, or from Bernard of Clairvaux, yes is passed. We now know that students for the Gospel min­ even from Loyola and his preaching monks, and from John Wesley and Whitefield. I see advertising in the istry want the kind of instruction this new institution provides. American papers of forty varieties of breakfast foods, The entering class this fall is twice as large as last year's, and mattresses that are soft as eider-down, deep cushioned all but one of the classes are larger, including the post-graduate chairs, and deeper cushioned automobile seats, until I department. This year the total enrollment is sixty-two. The wonder if the ancient Christian virtues are still alive. entering class numbers twenty-two. Every student in the In our mission we need men who can put an army Seminary is a college graduate. saddle ona mule and ride, who can sleep on a COW-hide at night and in the morning take a bath in a tin cup or in a big river according to the supply of water, and If this is' encouraging, it is not more so than the loyalty of enjoy it. I do not mean that students in the year 1931 Westminster students. When they come to the Seminary, they should step back into the Middle Ages. They have been stay. Having put their hand to the plow they do not look back. brought up on radios, automobiles and airplanes. But The few men who have transferred to other schools have done they should be masters of these things, not be mastered by them. The men to set the pace should be the very so with deep regret and only on account of a ruling of a non­ men who have had culture and wealth and social posi­ Presbyterian denomination with which they are affiliated. When tion. the difficulty of the work set before WestIll;inster students is After five years of teaching in a Seminary in Recife, understood their devotion can better be appreciated. In most Brazil, I have gone back to itinerating in the hinter­ Seminaries the so-called "Practical Courses" prevail, requiring land on the plains and tablelands, and I personally feel little attention and less study. There is a minimum of such the need of hardening myself. Mrs. Anderson and I teaching at Westminster, an irreducible minimum. The men leave next week for an evangelistic and pastoral tour are given important basic subjects to master demanding every of the San Francisco River Valley. Drop down 15° Latitude South, turn in three hundred miles from the hour of available time and they must apply themselves to the coast, and you will have our location on the map. You hardest work. We doubt if the Harvard Law School, or the will find a river there which is some river, let me tell Medical Department of Johns Hopkins, celebrated as they are you. for the rigor of their curriculum, have stiffer class-room re­ I am anxious to learn how Westminster closed the quirements. The willingness of students to maintain the high­ year financially and the prospects for the autumn. I est standards of sound scholarship at Westminster Seminary renew my own pledge. Please keep me posted on the is securing the right tradition for the future of the school. discouraging things as well as the bright side, so that I can pray as well as give, and do it intelligently. A Presbyterian missionary in South America, Rev. Harold Praying that God's blessing will rest upon Faculty, C. Anderson, writes: Trustees, Alumni and Students, I am,"

"How about a policy at Westminster Seminary that Needless to say, Westminster Seminary is in agreement with will train students to endure hardship like good soldiers Mr. Anderson's letter. He is the best type of missionary, and of Jesus Christ? I think God is calling the new Semi­ nary to train men hardened in muscle· and mind and the Seminary intends to send men of his kind to the churches spirit who will buck the line which the world, the and mission fields of the world in as large numbers as possible. flesh and the devil have raised up against us.

We can trust Dr. Machen to train men to straight, Circumstances already have decreed that the softening luxury deep, and high thinking. Plain living will not be so of many institutions will not be our portion. We live in the easy in dear old Philadelphia. But Westminster, start­ center of a. vast city with the needs and struggles and sins of ing in heroic faith, and with few other resources than men pressing upon us. We cannot escape them if we would. prayer and confidence in God, has the chance to do what is needed today. Moreover, the effOl;t to make Westminster what Christ would have it be) is in itself a work requiring a considerable amount Put on a West Point or Annapolis regime at West­ of the stuff of manhood in these dark times in the Christian minster Seminary, adjusted' of course to theological education, and you will be the most valuable school in Church. Because of the Seminary's steadfast adherence to the America as missionaries view the situation. Take Bible our cause is unpopular, and it is a stout resolution that a knowledge from the men who evangelized Scotland and student must take when he casts his lot with the minority group October, 1931 CHRISTIANITY TODAY 9

in his own church, or when a professor commits his iurure to a venture that is under the daily risk of diminishing material Many peeple have asked abeut the fields to' which Westminster returns. In all probability the independence of Westminster Seminary men are called when their student werk is dene. This list gives SerUinary]'Toll ecclesiastical control is a guarantee against any their names, Seminary year, and lecatien. The Seminary will graduate future relaxation into slothful ease. At any rate there is no its third class next spring, and it will be a larger class than its twO' prede­ cessers, but the demand fer Westminster graduates continues and no rich communion at hand to sustain Westminster and remain lessening is anticipated in the number of calls they will receive to' preach all the while indifferent to the character of the Seminary's both at home and in the missien fields ef the werld. The men of 1930 teaching and product. Unless Westminster Seminary keeps and 1931 are at werk in the fellowing places: the fire burning on the altar, the fire of self-sacrifice and zeal Foreign Missionaries and absolute devotion to the Gospel, believers in the Word of William T. Blackstone '30 ... Peiping, China, under The Presbyterian God who alone are its refuge will forsake this institution and Church, U. S. A. Albert G. Edwards, P.G. '31 . Hillah, Iraq, under The Presbyterian build another. Dependence is an insurance of fidelity. Church, U. S. A. Ernest W. Zentgraf, Jr. '30 .. Chenyangkwan, Anwhei, China, under the We cannot be wholly sorry that comparative poverty attends C.I.M. us. Chemists have a saying that "the best discoveries are made Ministers of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. in the worst laboratories," and sumptuous surroundings rarely Chester A. Diehl ·30 ...... First Church, Fersyth, Mentana have aided searchers for truth in any field. A theological sem­ Robert S. Marsden ·30 ...... First Church, Middletown, Pennsylvania inary, of all places, must be the home of plain living as well as Harold J. Ockenga ·30 ..... Point Breeze Church, Pittsburgh Samuel J. Allen ·30 ...... Cemmunity Church, Jordan, Mentana high thinking; they cannot be divided. Young men in training Everett C. DeVelde ·30 .... . Centre Church, New Park, Pennsylvania for the Gospel ministry must be made ready to take up a cross if Rebert L. Vining '30 ...... First Church, Mifflinburg, Pennsylvania Gerard H. Snell '31 ...... Church ef the Covenant, Cincinnati (Assist- they are to follow Christ. Our hope, fortified by two years of ant) experience, is that Westminster graduates will choose difficult Carl C. Mcintire '31 ...... Chelsea Church, Atlantic City tasks in the future as they have been doing in this pioneer Adelf F. Broman P.G. '31 .. . Rhawnhurst Church, Philadelphia Tod B. Sperling '31 ...... First Church, Pittsburgh (Assistant) period of our history, and that they will be prepared for the Peter DeRuiter '31 ...... First Church, Nottingham, Pennsylvania obligations awaiting them. Harllee Berdeaux '31 ...... Cemmunity Church, Old Greenwich, Con- necticut Franklyn S. Dyrness '31 ..... Chestnut Level Church, Quarryville, Penn- While consistently adhering to the foregoing principle, the sylvania Seminary Board of Trustees invites attention to a Pennsylvania J. M. Kooyers P.G. '31 .... . First Church, Athens, Wisconsin law. The State wisely restricts degree-granting powers within the Henry G. Welbon '31 ...... Christiana Church, Newark, Delaware Wayne Julier '31 ...... Beemerville Church, Sussex, New Jersey commonwealth to educational corporations having five hundred Oscar T. Gillan '31 ...... Harvester Missien, Claremont, California thousand dollars in productive endowment funds. Large as the Henry W. Coray '31 . ~ ..... Supply, West Pittsten, Pennsylvania amount appears to be at this moment of universal business re­ Ministers of the Presbyterian Church in Canada trenchment, it is a comparatively small sum and the Seminary Arend Reskamp '30 ...... First Church, Hopewell, Nova Scolia should secure it as quickly as possible. All who are praying for Marcellus Kik '30 .. , ...... First Church, Bass River, New Brunswick Westminster can well make the securing of the fund a matter Alexander K. Davison '31 ... First Church, Moese Jaw, Saskatchewan of daily prayer. We want to comply with conditions laid down William Oems '31 ...... First Church, Oxford, Neva Scotia by the State, and we want to show forth the measure of stability Ministers in Other Deneminations which that amount in assets will guarantee. God's people are Hareld T. Commens '30 .... . First Baptist Church, Atlantic City asked to give to Westminster's necessary endowment fund Herbert V. Hotchkiss '30 ... Spruce Street Baptist Church, Philadelphia Ralph W. Todd '30 .... "" . First Methodist Church, Sharptown, New through bequests and by outright contributions that will antic­ Jersey ipate bequests. Our immediate petition is for current expenses, but not much less immediate is our entreaty for large offerings Studying in Europe of permanent resources. Will five hundred thousand dollars Alfred W. Eppard '31 ...... University ef Edinburgh, Scotland spoil the vigorous spiritual life of the Seminary? Hardly. Certainly the endowment required is small compared to the immense resources of institutions training men to preach a different gospel. factory. Room available for reading has been enlarged by about one-third with improved light. A complete steam-heating plant The care necessary for keeping a scientific library in proper was installed during the summer to make all the rooms com­ shape for effective use is little understood by one who has had fortable. By gift and purchase the shelves have been filled with no actual practice behind a library desk. Cataloging and ar­ representatives of the best American and foreign books of value' rangement mean everything, and problems multiply as the num­ to students and professors. We have never seen a library so ber of volumes increases. The Westminster Library has been constantly in use to its full capacity. extended gradually through two rooms on the second floor of the administration building and now overflows into the adjoin­ The work of the Faculty from May until September was ing house where the books of the Departments of Apologetics varied and interesting. The Chairman, Dr. Machen, in addi­ and Systematic Theology are shelved. Notwithstanding the tion to many Sundays of preaching, spoke at Bible Conferences limits of space, facilities for research and study are fairly satis- in New York, New Jersey, Texas and California. In Southern 10 CHRISTIANITY TODAY Octobert 1931

California he was introduced by Dr. Stewart :MacLennan of the Robert S. Wilson ...... Palmyra, N. Y. First Presbyterian Church in Hollywood who helped arouse a Vincent L. Crossett.-...... Alto Pass, Ill. Frank Moss ...... Trenton, N. J. wide interest in Westminster Seminary. A luncheon of the A. J. Pamer ...... Philadelphia friena-soltlie Seminary gave Dr. Machen an occasion to ex­ William S. Hawkes ...... Travelling Evangelist plain the situation that calls for fidelity to the great cause, now Charles E. Wideman ...... Mercerville, N. J. more than ever. He accepted invitations to preach in the First Presbyterian Churches in Hollywood, Glendale and Long Beach, The Alumni Association of Westminster Theological Seminary and in the First Methodist Church in Los Angeles. has for its officers: Rev. Robert S. Marsden, Middletown, Pa., President; Rev. Tod B. Sperling, Pittsburgh, Vice-President; Professor Allis remained in the vicinity of Philadelphia, su­ Rev. Carl C. McIntire, Atlantic City, Secretary and Treasurer. pervising the renovation of the Seminary building. Professor Representatives on the Executive Committee are: Professor Van Til lectured at the Media Bible Conference, and Professor MacRae from the Faculty; President Marsden from the Class Stonehouse at the Montrose Conference. Both preached in vari­ of 1930; Rev. Harllee Bordeaux of Old Greenwich, Conn., from ous pulpits in their home state of Michigan. Professor Woolley the Class of 1931; and Rev. Herbert V. Hotchkiss of Philadel­ missed only a few weeks from his busy desk in the Registrar's phia, General Representative. The purpose of the organization office. Professor MacRae and Mr. Murray pursued studies at is to promote fellowship among all graduates, to encourage and Berlin, Germany; Mr. Murray also visiting his father and support every interest of the Seminary, and to further West­ mother, who live at Bonar Bridge in the Highlands of Scot­ minster's influence throughout the Christian world. Meetings land not far from the estate of the late Andrew Carnegie, will be held annually on the day preceding Commencement. "Skibo Castle." Copies of class letters, reports, etc., will be forwarded through the Association Secretary. The Seminary provides a long recess during the summer in order that students may be able to supply the pulpits of churches We wish the letters received at the Seminary office could be for seventeen or eighteen consecutive Sundays and give full publishec1. Some of them would make significant news. West­ time to a pastor's duties. The plan for a division of time be­ minster's unique position and the stalwart support of loyal tween class-roo~ instruction and work in the field has the same Christians from coast to coast, with many a gift arriving from purpose as the cooperative plan in engineering schools whereby men and women who have little money to spare, together with students alternate months between class-room and factory. In the prayers and deep concern of hundreds of people whom we, both instances theory and practice are welded together and both here at the Seminary have never seen, are factors of unending profit. Like engineering students, but unlike men in prepara­ surprise and cause for constant thankfulness to God. if nothing tion for medicine and law, young men who are .studying for the else .served to create a sense of responsibility and accountabilitY, ministry can begin practising before their schooling is done. these letters would. A portion of them come from foreign lands. For example we have this short but moving letter from an insti­ tution in a far-away continent, and a theological seminary at Not all the undergraduates of Westminster took churches that, with its own financial burc1ens to carry: between terms, a good many preferring to study or travel or accept occasional preaching appointments. Those who had Presbyterian Churches were: ADMINISTRATIEWE BURO GEREFORMEERDE KERK Potchefstroom Transvaal. Paul C. Price ...... Stratford, Conn. South Africa John P. Clelland ...... Tisdale, Saskatchewan By request of the Senaat of our Theological School I George W. Marston ...... Wayne, Pa. have the pleasure to instruct the local branch of Bar­ Joseph C. Holbrook ...... Columbus, N. J. clay's Bank to forward to the Westminster Theological Oscar Holkeboer ...... Watford City, North Dakota John Davies ...... Rudyard, Michigan Seminary the sum of £5. [$24.25] Wishing that your good cause may prosper, Claude E. Hayward ...... Cedarville, N. J. John H. Skilton ...... Woodstock, New Brunswick Sincerely yours Harley A. Henderson ...... Big Bay, Michigan J. A. van Roon James E. Moore ...... Absecon, N. J. 11th June 1931 Secr. & Treas. Sheldon O. Price ...... Missions in Synod of Colorado Percy B. Crawford, Evangelist of Barnes Memorial, Philadelphia We believe Westminster Seminary is justifying its existence Robert H. Graham ...... Ringoes, N. J. and is proving worthy of the sacrifices its establishment neces­ R. H. McIlwaine ...... Missions in Synod of Montana sitates, and for three reasons:

Undergraduates who had positions III churches of other de­ (1) An appreciable number of grac1uates have gone into pul­ nominations were: pits and mission fields with an increasing number in preparation to follow them. Their testimony is being heard and will be Newton A. Kapp ...... Avalon, N. J. heard, and it is all in behalf of a trustworthy Bible, a Saviour J. R. MacDonald ...... Coatesville, Pa. who shed His blood for men's salvation, and the faith which October, 1931 CHRISTIANITY TODAY 11

Christ once for all delivered to His ministers to preach, This ie as most of us understand the term, and so are the Boards of a definite gain. the Church's colleges and seminaries. There is no use in pre­ tending that black is white. But we do hold that a minority made up of undaunted contenders foI' the faith in the Presby­ (2) A notable standard in education has been maintained by terian Church is gaining headway at last. The adherence of an able Faculty at Westminster which is bound to be influential Christian men and women to Westminister Theological Semi­ outside its class rooms. Great books by a thinker and writer nary not only is a step in the right direction, it is a step that is like Professor Machen are carrying the institution's teaching unifying believers into a compact body for constructive work far beyond the local scene' and showing a skeptical world that and is bringing immediate returns in a measurable restoration historic Christianity demands and can be given a scholarly ex­ of the Church's integrity before God. position and defense. Professor Allis is widely known for many learned contributions. Other members of the Faculty will in­ creasingly be heard from. They have the scholarly capacity and As the Seminary prospers perhaps a wavering Church will be the industry to produce books of importance; and they are young strengthened beyond our fondest hopes. From small beginnings men with their best years ahead. God has bef.ore now brougl;t great results, and he may do it again. People who are looking at Westminster with apprehension (3) Everyone familiar with movements within the Presby­ may presently look with delight. The plain duty of Presby­ terian Church in the U. S. A. is acquainted with the trend to­ terians who are willing to sustain Westminster Seminary in a ward Liberal Christianity which Westminster Seminary with­ valiant struggle is just to be faithful day by day, trusting not stands. It may be a mere coincidence, but it certainly is a fact in themselves but in Christ. Each day's work must be done; that the stampede toward Modernism, if not stopped, at least each of us must contribute to its accomplishment. If it be so has been perceptibly restrained ever since the announcement that Christ will make the Seminary an instrument of His pur­ of the Seminary's opening. pose in calling the Church back to its commission, unto Him shall be the glory, and at His nail-pierced feet we will lay the triumph of His grace. No one imagines that Westminster deserves sole credit for the present timidity of Presbyterian Liberalism. The utter barrenness of the Liberal Gospel and the 'arrogance of its spon­ sors have very largely entered into the conditions. But the vitality of the new Seminary, its enthusiasm and courage and The first questions invariably asked about Westminster striking advance in the midst of serious financial depression has Seminary are: How is the money coming in? Will you be been too concrete and too conspicuous evidence of a latent ortho-' able to pull through the hard times? dox strength to be disregarded. It is safe to predict an era of extreme caution in the councils of powerful Presbyterian Boards Nor does the answer vary. We have to reply that we and Agencies, and we can be grateful for it. As an indication of can only judge the future by the past and by the promises a new and real opposition to the ecclesiastical policy that has of God. been devoted to compromise and barter on all sides, it will be As to the past, every bill is paid, we have never bor­ remembered that a change of seventy-one votes would have rowed a dollar for any purpose, and a fairly satisfactory balance elected Dr. David DeForest Burrell the Moderator of the last ofavailable money is in the hands of the Seminary's treasurer. General Assembly. And Dr. Burrell not only is an active ad­ vocate of a return to the old faith in the Word of God; he is We do need money for the present school year. The also a Trustee of Westminster Seminary, and a Vice-President Seminary is growing and we shall require more than was given of the League of Faith. It was a startling sign of the way the us last year. wind is blowing and will scarcely be forgotten in the next We do not believe that loyal Christians who 'read these Assembly, or the one after that. paragraphs will wait to see if the burden will be carried by someone else. That would mean our serious an'd probably Of course our whole cause in the Presbyterian Church is up­ falal loss. held by a minority and frequently by a small minority. Re­ cent events have revealed the limited number of the men who To maintain the Seminary we shall have to count on a are ready to fight Paul's good fight of faith, whether from lack good many contributions of around a hundred dollars and of interest or opportunity or conviction: The Church is in bad some considerably larger. The current budget of from sixty­ condition. The Permanent Judicial Commission which is the five to seventy thousand dollars cannot otherwise be met. arbiter of doctrine with Presbyterians has among its eight But'offerings of five dollars, even of one dollar are very Minister-members, four signers of the radical Auburn-Affirma­ valuable. tion, even Professor R. H. Nichols, the Auburn Affirmation Sec­ retary, having been elected this year. The Commission does not Believers in the Bible are the men and women who will contain a solitary outspoken conservative representative, so far carry Westminster Seminary through this critital year. as our knowledge goes. The great Mission Boards are out of control of anything approaching a conservative administration 12 CHRISTIANITY TODAY October.• 1931 Notes on Biblical Exposition By J. Gresham Machen, D.O., litt.D. Professor of New Testament in Westminster Theological Seminary X. PAUL AND THE JERUSALEM CHURCH

"Then after three years I went up to phrase meaning "except" is sometimes the J udaizers' point just' as much as Jerusalem to make the acquaintance of used to introduce an exception to some­ would dependence upon. one of the Cephas, and I remained with him fifteen thing that is more general than that "apostles." So here again, as in the pas­ days,' but another of the apostles I did which has actually been mentioned. So sage which we cited from Matthew, the not see-only, I saw James the bro~her of in Matt. 12 :4, it is said of the shew­ Greek phrase introduces an exception­ the Lord. Now as to the things that I -am bread: "Which it was not lawful for only, it is an exception to something a writing to you, behold, before God, I lie David to eat, nor for those who were with little more general than, what has actually not. Then I went into the regions of him, but only for the priests." Here the been stated in the preceding words. It Syria and of Cilicia. And I was unknown· phrase which we have translated "but is here an exception to what is the under­ by face to ·the churches of Judaea which only" is the same phrase as that which we lying sense of the preceding passage­ are in Ghrist. Only, they were hearing: have translated "only" in our passage in namely, "Another of the Jerusalem leaders 'He who formerly persecuted us is now Galatians. If we translated it "except" upon whom the J udaizers say I am de­ proclaiming as a gospel the faith which in the passage in Matthew, we should ar­ pendent I did not see at the time of that formerly he laid waste',' and they glorified rive at a thought which is clearly not in­ first visit.;' tended. If we translated: "Which it was God in men (Gal. 1 :18-24, in a literal Of course· what we have said about the not lawful for David or those with him to translation) . Greek phrase in question does not mean eat except for the, priests," that would that the use of the phrase shows that Paul imply that there was a company of priests Was James an Apostle? does not call James an apostle; it only among those who were with David at that .T AST month we began the discussion means that the use of the phrase does not time-which is clearly not the meaning. U of this first visit which Paul made show that he does call James an apostle. It Rather is the underlying thought, to which to Jerusalem after his conversion. He is open to us to translate the words either.: the phrase that we are discussing intro­ went there, he says, to make the ac­ "Another of the apostles I did not see duces an exception, the thought that "it quaintance of Peter, and he remained except James," or "Another of the apostles was not lawful for anyone to eat the with him' fifteen days. It was no doubt I did not see-only, I did see James." shewbread." Of that general principle, an important period in his life, but hardly The question which of these two trans­ the thought that has actually been ex­ long enough to make him the kind of lations is correct will have to be decided pressed before-namely, that it was not mere disciple of Peter that the Judaizing on the basis of considerations that are lawful for David and his company to eat opponents said he was. And as for the . not found in this passage itself. the shewbread-is only one particular in­ other apostles, upon whom, as well as stance. The phrase meaning "except" upon Peter, the Judaizers might have follows after the particular instance, al­ held him to be dependent, he did not see The Three Persons Named James though according to our ways of think­ them at all. Only, he did see James, the When those considerations are at­ ing it belongs rather with the more general brother of the Lord. , tended to, it seems probable that the latter principle. It is a question whether Paul does or of the two translations is to be preferred. does not here call James an "apostle." The So in our passage, Paul's mention of Certain it is that the James whom Paul phrase which we have translated "only," his meeting with James, even if James mentions here was not among the twelve in the sentence "Only," I did see James," was not an "apostle," was in the nature apostles. means "except." If so, it might seem at of an exception to the assertion, "Another The opinion has, indeed, sometimes first sight as though Paur'does call James of the apostles I did not see." If Paul had been held that the ''brethren of the Lord," an apostle. If he says, "I saw no other let that assertion stand without the ex­ of whom James was one, were cousins of of the apostles except James," that seems ception, and had defended himself in Jesus, the word "brethren" being used in certainly to imply that his meeting with doing so on the ground that strictly speak­ a broader sense than that in which we use James was an exception to the general as­ ing James was not an "apostle," he would the word in English; and that these sertion that in addition to Peter he saw have been engaging in something like a "brethren of the Lord" are to be identi­ no other of the apostles; in other words, quibble, because even if James was not an fied with persons of the same names who it seems to imply that James was an "apostle" he was one of the pillars of the appear in the lists of the twelve apostles. apostle. Jerusalem Church, dependence upon whom But this opinion depends upon certain As a matter of fact, howeyer, the Greek on the part of Paul would have established rather doubtful combinations, and seems October, 1931 CHRISTIANITY TODAY 13 to be opposed by the fact that specifically Group of Westminster Students in the Gospel according to John (John 7 :5) and by implication also in the Synoptic Gospels the Drothers of Jesus are represented as not believing on Him during His earthly ministry, and certainly are not clearly designated in any way as being among His intimate disciples. Thus the identification of "James the brother of the Lord" with the "James the gon of Alphaeus" who appears among the Twelve must no doubt be rejected. Hence we have in the New Testament three per­ gons who bore the name of "James." They are (1) James the son of Zebedee, who was martyred in 44 A. D. in accord­ ance with the twelfth chapter of Acts, (2) .James the son of Alphaeus, of whom scarcely anything is known except that he was one of the twelve apostles, and (3) James the brother of the Lord, who is mentioned here in Galatians.

James the Brother of the Lord A photograph taken eight months ago. A photograph. taken today would show thirteen This James the brother of the Lord more men than appear in this picture. Sixty.two students now are enrolled from seventeen seems, as we have just observed, not to States, representing thirty.eight colleges and universities. Three students are from foreign countries. Pennsylvania sent the most students, thirteen; and California was ·second with have been a disciple of Jesus during the eight. public ministry. But, according to I Cor. 15 :7, he was granted a special ap­ it seems clear that James was specifically "Unknown by Face to the Churches pearance of the risen Lord, and it is na­ the head of the local Church in Jerusalem, of Judaea" tural to surmise that, as in Paul's case, whereas the twelve apostles had more gen­ Such was the only one of the pillars of this appearance of the risen Lord to him eral duties which increasingly took them the Jerusalem Church whom, in addition was the means by which he was converted. on missionary or pastoral journeys out­ to Peter, Paul met during his filst visit With the other brothers of Jesus he was side of that city. to Jerusalem after his conversion. It is no doubt in the little company of men now time for us to return to the account and women who met in the upper room We learn from Josephus, the Jewish of that visit which Paul gives us in Gala­ in Jerusalem after the Ascension and be­ historian, that. James was killed by the tians. fore the day of Pentecost (Acts 1 :14). Jews in A. D. 62, after the death of the In Acts 12 :17 he appears in a position of procurator Festus and before his succes­ "As to the things which I am writing leadership in the Jerusalem Church; for sor had anived in Palestine. to you," he says, "10, the fact that I am Peter, after his release from prison, is This James the brother of the Lord was not lying stands in the presence of God" represented as saying to the company in the writer of the General Epistle of -and hence, since it is in God's presence, the house of Mary the mother of John J ames, which is in the New Testament. it is entirely true. Apparently the Mark: "Go shew these things to James, The Epistle was no doubt written at an J udaizers had misrepresented the facts and to the brethren" (Acts 12:17). In early time, prior to the controversy with about t.hat visit to Jerusalem, and so Paul Acts 15 :6-29 he appears as presiding over the Judaizers and to the "Apostolic Coun­ is compelled to set the Galatians right the deliberations of the Jerusalem Church cil" of Acts 15 :1-29 : for its teaching about about the matter by this strong assevera­ at the time of the "Apostolic· Council"; faith and works exhibits the most beauti­ tion. "God knows," he says, "that I am and in Gal. ii. 1-10, in a passage which, ful harmony of thought with Paul's teach­ telling you the truth: I went up to J eru­ as we shall see, probably refers to that ing; and the writer would no doubt have salem not at once, but three years after same event or to events taking place at avoided that superficial appearance of my conversion; the only ones of the lead­ that same time, he is mentioned before contradiction of Paul which has some­ ers that I saw were Peter and James; and the apostles Peter and John. In Acts 21: times been a source of difficulty to devout I was ,rith Peter only fifteen days." 18-25, referring to the time of Paul's last readers of his Epistle if he had been writ­ "Then," he continues, "I went into the visit to Jerusalem, James appears in a ing after the terminology had become regions of Syria and of Cilicia; and I was .similar position of leadership. fixed, as it was no doubt fixed in the course unknown by face to the churches of J udaea When these passages are carefully read, of the controversy with the Judaizers. which are in Christ. Only, they were 14 CHRISTIANITY TODAY October, 1931 receiving the report: 'He who persecuted the capital. Thai: usage appears clearly ready engaged in the missionary and pas­ us formerly is now proclaiming as a gos­ in Mh:. 3 :7f., where it is said that there toral labors in Judaea in which we know pel the faith which formerly he laid waste.' followed Jesus a great multitude from that they did engage at an early time, And tiley gl():I'ified Godin me." Galilee and from J udaea and from J eru­ in accordance with the direction of our Great stress has been laid by certain salem. Rere Jerusalem is not included Lord that they should be witnesses unto modern scholars upon the words, "I was in J udaea, but J udaea and Jerusalem are Him "in Jerusalem and in all J udaea and unknown by face to the churches of coordinated as two distinct things. Samaria" (Acts 1:8). Therefore it be­ Judaea which are in Christ." If, it is At·any rate, whether we appeal to this came very much to the point in Paul's said, Paul was unknown by face to the special usage or not, it is surely much argument for him to deny acquaintance churches of Judaea, at the time of his more natural to interpret Paul as mean­ with those Judaean churches. Since many departure from Jerusalem, he must have ing that he was unknown to the churches of the apostles were in those churches, he been unknown by face to the church at of J udaea generally, exclusive of J eru­ could not clear up the matter of his re­ Jerusalem, since Jerusalem is in J udaea. salem, than to derive from the passage the lations with the apostles without mention­ Therefore, the argument continues, dur­ very adventurous notion that he had spent ing those churches. "At that time," says ing that first visit to Jerusalem he must his time in Jerusalem during that first Paul, "I went up to Jerusalem and there have been in hiding, seeing Peter and visit somewhere in hiding in a back room saw Peter and James; but as' for the James, but by no means becoming ac­ of Peter's house. If Paul had meant that churches in the country of Judaea-Iest quainted generally with the Jerusalem he went away from Jerusalem without anyone should say that it was there, disciples. This representation, it 'is said, having seen the church that was in that rather than in Jerusalem, that I became a is contradictory to the account in Acts city, surely. it would have been natural disciple of the apostles-I did not even 9 :26-30; 22 :17-18. According to the for him to say that much more plainly; see those churches at all." Book of Acts, Paul was by no means in surely it would have been more natural This hypothesis, that many of the hiding when he was in Jerusalem during for him to say, after recounting his meet­ apostles were in the Judaean churches at his first visit there after his con version, ing with Peter and James: "But I re­ just that time, is not established by direct but went in and out in Jerusalem and mained unknown by face to the church testimony. But it is very probable, not preached to the Greek-speaking Jews. that was in that city." When he says only because it is in harmony with all Thus it is maintained by the scholars to merely, "I was unknown by face to the that we know of the movements of the whom we have referred that Acts is quite churches of J1Idaea," he seems to indicate apostles, but also because it serves to ex­ incorrect in its account of that visit of rather plainly that he did not have the plain two things in Paul's account. It Paul to the Jerusalem Church. much more definite ahd much more note­ serves, in the first place, to explain why worthy fact to mention, that he did not he met only Peter and James in J eru­ even see the church at Jerusalem itself. salem. Those were the only ones of the Was Paul in Hiding in Jerusalem? leaders whom he met, not because he was But surely this attack upon the trust­ in hiding when he was in Jerusalem, but worthiness of Acts is based upon a totally Where Were the Apostles? because the others were out of the city, unjustifiable interpretation of the one Perhaps it may be objected that if we engaged in missionary and pastoral labors verse, Gal. 1 :22. Paul has just said that interpret Paul as meaning merely that he in the 'Judaean churches. In the second he was in Jerusalem; then he says that was unknown to the churches of J udaea place, the hypothesis explains, as we have he was unknown by face to the ch~rches outside of Jerusalem, we are making him just seen, why he mentions the J udaean of J udaea. Is not the natural meaning say something that had no· point in his churches at all. Since many of the simply that he was unknown by face to argument. What possible importance was apostles were in those churches, it became the churches of Judaea generally with the there, it may be asked, in the question importaIit for him, when he was showing one obvious exception of the city that he whether he did or did not see obscure how limited his contact with the apostles has just mentioned? Surely I might say country churches in Judaea? Surely the was at that early time, to say that those today, in speaking about my acquaintance question under dispute was the question churches knew him only' from hearsay. with Presbyterian churches, that I know whether he had or had not come under Let it be observed that Paul's lack of the churches of Philadelphia, but cannot the domination of the Jerusalem apostles. contact with most of the apostles at that say that I know the churches of Pennsyl­ Jerusalem, therefore, it is said, was the time, and his lack of contact with the vania. It requires only a little goodwill place where his relationships became im­ J udaean churches, did not indicate any and common sense to interpret Paul's portant in his argument, and therefore suspicion of him on the part of those words here in similar fashion. when he says "Judaea" it is primarily churches. On the contrary, he says that Moreover, there is some evidence that Jerusalem, the chief city of Judaea, that when they heard that he was preaching in the language of that time "Jerusalem" he has in mind. the faith which formerly he had laid was, sometimes definitely distinguished This objection, far from being decisive, waste-not some different faith, be it ob­ from "Judaea," the capital city possessing only calls attention to the most probable served, but the same faith as that which such a unique importance that the name explanation of the whole matter. In all had been proclaimed in Palestine from of the district could be used to designate probability, the apostles, at the time of the beginning-they glorified God in him. the rest of the district in distinction from Paul's first visit to Jerusalem, were al- (Concluded on page 18) October, 1931 CHRISTIANITY TODAY 15 Books of Religious Significance

THE TEACHING OF KARL BARTH: AN is being widely discussed-often in a more of Humanism and morals shows that we EXPOSITION by R. Birch Hoyle. or less confused and confusing way. That must adopt the highest conception of God, Charles Scribner's Sons. Pp. 279. $2.75. this discussion should be more or less be­ the Biblical conception, and believe in a wildering to the general reader is not sur­ living God who can raise the dead, a loving HE first issue of CHRISTIANITY TODAY prising in view of the fact that the word God who so loved the world as to give His (May, 1930) contained a review of T Humanism is used to designate views so only begotten Son; or we shall have no God Brunner's The Theology of Crisis. Our Feb­ diverse and even antithetic. "There are," at all to worship. Our ultimate 'choice lies ruary issue (1931) contained a review of as Dr. Johnson says, "literary, scientific, between 'the e~hics of infinite and mysteri­ Zerbe's The Karl Bar.th Theology or the New philosophical, economic, religious, and ethic­ ous obligation from on high,' and no ethics TranscendentalisTlt from the able pen of Dr. al Humanists; and there are Humanists of at all. We must choose between super­ Cornelius Van Til. Our readers, therefore, every shade of religious belief and unbelief naturalism and naturalism: between a su­ cannot be wholly uninformed concerning the -atheistic, agnostic, positivistic, theistic, pernaturalism in revelation, in history 'and Barthian School of theology that is the cen­ naturalistic and supernaturalistic, Roman in redemption, and a naturalism, in theory ter of large interest in Germany and which Catholic, Anglo-Catholic and Protestant." and ultimately in practice, of a very poor seemed destined to exert a world-wide in­ sort." S. <:l-. C. fiuen{!e. It cannot be said, however, that "Humanism and History," "Humanism even at the best the American reader can and Religion," "Humanism and Science/' be very well informed concerning this im­ "Humanism and Philosophy" and "Human­ THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY AND portant theological movement. Hence we ism and Morals" are the titles of the five lec­ ITS WORK by Benjamin Breckinridge are confident this volume will be welcomed tures (they were given on the L. P. Stone by many. Its purpose is to interpret the Foundation) of which this book is composed. Warfield. Oxford University Press, 114 theological ideas of Karl Barth and his asso­ Throughout his discussion Dr. Johnson Fifth Avenue, New York. Pp. 400. ciates to English readers in the manner that keeps clearly before the reader the fact that $3.00. will meet the needs of the average Christian there are two main schools of Humanism in HIS is the sixth of the ten volumes of Minister and Christian worker. . the world today and that these two schools T the selected writings of the late Dr. The first part of the book deals with "The have little in common but the name, apart Warfield that are' in process of publication Man: His Friends: Their Milieu." The sec­ from the fact that both seek to promote the by the Oxford University Press. For infor­ ond part expounds the message of Barth happiness of mankind. "What one kind of mation as to the five preceding volumes as and his friends, dealing in turn with such Humanism asserts the other denies. Hu­ well as for an appraisal of Dr. Warfield as subjects as the transcendency of God, the manism A. says that man is essentially good, a theologian the reader is referred to the brokenness of humanity, the invasion of that we may follow without check the im­ July issue (1931) of CHRISTIANITY TODAY. time by eternity, the resulting crisis, the pulses of our nature, that man through bridge between two worlds on different science can solve all problems and assure This volume derives its title from its open­ planes, the view of history (pre-temporal, the highest progress, and that through science ing article-an essay which is typica,lly temporal, post-temporal) where God speaks and the natural altruistic impulses an ideal Warfieldian in the breadth and accuracy of and man hears. The third and final part kingdom of man can be established. Hu­ its scholarship. This is followed by an deals critically with Barth's method and manism B. on the other hand says with article on "The Making of the Westminster views as a theologian. Mr. Hoyle seeks to Plato and Aristotle that there are conflicting Confession, especially of its Chapter on the be objective in his exposition of Barth and impulses in man, the higher and the lower, Decree of God" that gives the reader some his message and with a large measure of suc­ that the lower passions need to be re­ knowledge of the great labor and care that cess despite his own more or less liberal strained, and that man has free will and was employed in the preparation of the viewpoint. responsibility. Humanism of the former kind Westminster Standards-a fact that goes far Our reading of Mr. Hoyle's exposition con­ denies God and the future life, or at best is to explain the further fact that they still firms us in the view that the Barthian move­ completely agnostic' about them; Humanism remain, in the judgment of a body of Chris­ ment is wholesome as over against Modern­ of the latter kind has shown itself in tians second to none in intelligence and ism but that it is inadequate as a substitute its leading advocates to be an ally of reli­ evangelical zeal, the best expression that for the historic Reformed Faith. However gion, at least cooperating with it, and at has ever been framed by the hand of man it is a movement concerning which the most finding it essential to the highest de­ of the system of doctrine taught in the Christian scholar should be informed and velopment of man. The former is agnostic, Scriptures. which none such can afford to ignore. It naturalistic, monistic; the latter is dual­ Particular value attaches to the article, seems destined to be as influential for the istic, not 'unfriendly to the supernaturalistic, "The Westminster Doctrine of the Holy next generation as Ritschlianism has been and asserting at least in man a power of Scripture," in view of the fact that a much for the past generation. It seems to us a restraint or control that distinguishes hi ill different view of Scripture is widely held decided improvement over Ritschlianism. In from nature and the animal" (pp. 35-36). even among those who subscribe to the West­ giving us this relatively full account of Karl Our author concludes as follows: "Our minster Confession of Faith. It is safe to Barth and his message Mr. Hoyle has made study of Humanism in its various forms and say that no where else is to be found so us all his debtor. S. G. C. its bearing upon the problems which affect adequate an exposition of the origin and human life bring us face to face with cer­ contents of this the foundation chapter (Jf HUMANISM AND CHRISTIAN THEISM by tain alternatives between which it is neces­ the Westminster Confession .of Faith. Dr. Warfield makes clear, whatever may have William Hallock Johnson, D.D., Ph.D. sary to choose. We can find no certainty been said to the contrary, that the inspira­ Pp. 154. $1.50. anywhere in the present welter of confusion unless we find it in the sure word of tion which the Westminster Divines affirmed HIS book is small in compass but rich prophecy of the Christian revelation ... If of all the books of the Bible was an inspira­ Tin content. It deals in an informing and there is no certainty in Christianity, there tion which constituted them "in the most discriminating manner with a subject, that is no certainty anywhere. Our discussion precise sense, the very Word of God, di- 16 CHRISTIANITY TODAY Octo bert 1931

vinely trustworthy and divinely authorita­ Arminians. And it was only on the publi­ prepared_ brethren" who meet as the San­ tive in all their parts and in all their cation, in 1690 (forty-three years after the hedrin in "Philadelphia! elements alike." Of the clause, "All which Confession was first given to the public), of C. L. RICHARDS. (books of the Bible) are given by inspira­ the 'Five letters concerning the Inspiration Poynette, Wisconsin. tion of God, 1;0- be the rule of faith and of the Holy Scriptures, translated out of the life," he writes: "The misinterpretation of French,' which are taken from Le Clerc, To the Editor of CHRISTIANITY TODAY: this clause, which would use it as a defini­ that it began to make a way for itself among SIR: Permit me to express a word of ap­ tion of inspiration, in the hope of confining English theologians" (p. 203). preciation for the outstanding articles In inspiration to matters of faith and practice, The volume closes with a significant dis­ your paper CHRISTIANITY TODAY which I read is discredited as decisively on historical as cussion of the first question of the Shorter with great pleasure, benefit spiritual help well as on exegetical grounds. This view Catechism, "What is the chief end of man?" and enjoyment. The reading of your story was not the view of the Westminster Divines. with its answer, "Man's chief end is to in the last issue "They Shall Not Pass" was It had its origin among the_, Socinians and glorify God and to enjoy Him forever." a great treat and spiritual uplift. Today the was introduced among Protestants by the S. G. C. need of such stories is very urgent. Any stories bearing on similar subjects would be a great help to expose Modernism which is not lacking in our own Presbyterian Church in Canada. A LOVER OF TRUTH. Letters to the Editor Canada. [The letters printed here express the convictions of the writers, and publication in these columns does not necessarily imply either approval or disapproval on the part of the Editors. If correspondents do not wish their names printed, they will ple'ase so request, The Auburn Affirmation but all are asked kindly to sign their names as an evidence of good faith. We do not To the Editor of CHRISTIANITY TODAY: ,print letters that come to us anonymously.] SIR: I sent you yesterday under separate cover under my mailing number 775-S a copy To the Editor of lished in 1638. The Westminster divines CHRISTIANITY TODAY: of the "Ohristian Observer," printed May 27, SIR: In the article, "The Irish Evangelical began their work in the following decade. marked, directing your attention to article Church," in the mid-August issue of CHRIS­ Very Sincerely, entitled "A Final Word About the Auburn TIANITY TODAY, there is a long quotation HAY WATSON SMITH. Affirmation" on page 27. It does not seem to from the Rev. James HU,nter, M.A., of the Little Rock, Arkansas. me that this is by any means a "final word." recently forll).ed Irish Evangelical Church. The whole trouble about the thing is that In this quotation Mr. Hunter says: Dr. Thompson has ignored a rule of law, "Chillingworth's famous saying still stands To the Editor of CHRISTIANITY TODAY: business, and common sense. -'The Bible, the whole Bible, and nothing SIR: I have read "They Shall Not Pass" If we were to resort to the law, I mean the but the Bible is the religion of Protestants.' " by Eva Brown, and pronounce it one of the civil not ecclesiastical law, for our definition, Since most of your readers probably have finest things I have read in many a day. If we would find that the Auburn Affirmation not access to the Works of Chillingworth, it most of the Ministers would read that story contains two distinct pleas: one is a plea to may be of interest to them to have the exact several times, and commit the main drift of the jurisdiction, namely, that the General words of this famous saying, and their con­ its dramatic movements to memory, and Assembly had not power to pass regulations text. The following excerpt is from the first deliver it in their own way, it would sfrike instructing the presbyteries how they should American edition of Chillingworth's Works, a telling blow to present-day looseness and ordain Ministers. Instead of stopping there, Philadelphia, 1846, page 480: unbelief. I shall use it. which would have been the proper practice "By the religion of protestants, I do not In my judgment an occasional article like at common law and under common sense, understand the doctrine of Luther, or Calvin, that would, in CHRISTIANITY TODAY, tremend­ the affirmance went on to deliver themselves or Melancthon; nor the confession of ously help in steadying many a Minister and of certain theological views which are very Augusta, or Geneva, nor the catechism of elder and family. Let's have more of them. objectionable to many members of the North­ Heidelberg, nor the articles of the church Wings and weight to CHRISTIANITY TODAY! ern as well as the Southern church. of England, no, nor the harmony of prot­ Fraternally, A proper plea to the jurisdiction would estant confessions; but that wherein they REV. A. C. V. SKINNER, PH.D. have raised the jurisdictional question alone, all agree, and which they all subscribe with San Diego. "simply that and nothing more." a greater harmony, as a perfect rule of their Assuming, for the sake of the argument, faith and actions: that is, the Bible. The that I thoroughly agreed with the affirmants Bible, I say, the Bible only, is the religion Irony that the General Assembly in directing who of protestants! Whatsoever else they be­ should and who should not be ordained, was lieve besides it, and the plain, irrefragable, To the Editor of CHRISTIANITY TODAY: acting beyond its jurisdiction, I should have indubitable consequences of it, well may they SIR: What a blunder Jesus Christ made refused to sign a paper which went beyond hold it as a matter of opinion: but as a when He rode into Jerusalem on the foal of that and committed me to theological doc­ matter of faith and religion, neither can an ass, and posing as a Reformer drove the trines of which I did not approve. they with coherence to their own grounds money changers out of the Temple! He The Supreme Court of the United States believe it themselves, nor require the belief made Himself unpopular with the General has decided on several occasions that if a of it of others, without most high and most Council and the best he could do was to go man sign a paper he is bound by it, and it is schismatical presumption." up to Galilee and mix in with the unlearned not at all sufficient for these affirmants to The reader JUay wonder why in this ex­ and ignorant men and make same "Mission­ say that they only intended to object to the cerpt, in referring to theological confessions, aries" out of them.-Peter James and John. jurisdiction of the General Assembly, when, Chillingworth does not mention the West­ Ought not Christ to have known that those as a matter of fact, they signed a document minster Standards. The reason is that they Galileans were wholly "unprepared to meet going on beyond the jurisdictional question had not then been formulated. The book, all the responsibilities of fully ordained and raising certain theological points. "The Religion of Protestants," from which Ministers of our Church"? The idea of No lawyer or even a business man would ilie excerpt given above is taken, was pub- "placing them on a level ·with their better have signed this sort of paper unless he October, 1931 C H R IS T I A NIT Y T 0 DAY 17

agreed with the theological points therein announced that he was the head of the Gov· Bllt Mr. Zi, a Christian, refused to sign even contained. ernment's Bureau of Education for our dis­ though threatened with prison. Then the You are at liberty to publish this letter or trict and he presented again their demand official sent for two of the young women make any use of it you see fit, and it may be that we register our schools. Among other teachers and told them they must also sign. published under my signatu're if at all. thiugs he said that schools teaching religion They· refused so he detained them in the Very truly yours, were spreading superstition. His companion yamen. About two in the morning the wom­ S. R. CHURCH. suggested that if we were only willing to en's husbands found them and advised them Lynchburg, Va. forgo chapel exercises and Bible classes, they ·to sign and go home. This they did. would do nothing to hinder our school work. The official mentioned has since been re­ To the Editor of CHRISTIANITY TODAY: I told them carefully that those were essen­ lieved of his post and both our schools are SIR: Here's hearty appreciation of the tial parts of our school program and if the in operation as Christian schools. The above story: "They Shall Not Pass." Expected to school was to be closed because of teaching may serve to illustrate the "registration find it interesting and profitable, since pub­ religion it was something we could not help problem" as it concerns some of the Chris­ lished in CHBISTIANITY TODAY. I usually for that was the main purpose of our school. tian schools in China. "pass up" stories, but this is different. You After this meeting we heard from unoffi­ Cordially yours, say, "Whether it will be followed by other cial sources that a "little money" might yet PAUL C. MELROSE, stories will depend partly on the response of set things right but otherwise the school Principal,· Boys School, our readers, etc." Here's mine. would surely be closed. Sometimes red tape American Presbyterian Mission, Gratefully yours, has great binding power in China so the sta­ Nadoa, Hainan Island, China. . (REV.) CHARLES F. GEIGER. tion decided to go with the work as usual Los Angeles, Calif. Rushford, Minn. and let official action take its course. . On April 29, 1930 the blow fell. The To the Editor of CHRISTIANITY TODAY: Chinese pastor, Rev. LI Eng-hoa came to us Editorial Comment Sm: May I be permitted to express my before breakfast with the copy of an official (Concluded) hearty appreciation of that soul thrilling proclamation which had been posted up at story "They Shall Not Pass"? That is what conduct, than to the argument of their the local police station. It stated that con­ is needed today. I trust you will be enabled words." trary to the new ruling the mission boys' to obtain many more of equal merit. To deal adequately with the allegation school had preaching and Bible classes in the I wish also to again express my apprecia­ just cited would require more space than school, had refused to register, and called on tion of CHBISTIANITY TODAY. May its circula- is at present available. Suffice it to say parents to prohibit their children from at­ tion increase. in this connection that, in our opiniorr, the Sincerely, tending this school and threatened the teach­ facts do not justify the conclusion our con­ F. J. SCOTT. ers with arrest if they continued to teach. temporary draws. He overlooks the fact Sixth United Presbyterian Church, We as missionaries saw that it would be that the Presbyterian Church is a consti­ impossible to continue with the boys' s

Westminster's Faculty fits admirably into the meaning of the passage. It yields a. very good thought if we interpret Paul to mean: "They glori­ fied God in me; when they heard that I was proclaiming as a gospel the message about Jesus Christ which formerly I was laying waste." The only trouble is that it is doubtful whether this ·use of the word occurs else­ where in Paul-at least in his earlier Epistles. It certainly occurs in the New Testament, as, for example, .in the well­ known passage in the third verse of the Epistle of Jude concerning "the faith which was once for all delivered unto the saints"; but whether it occurs in Paul's Epistles, and particularly in his earlier Epistles, is a disputed question. Perhaps, therefore, contrary to our first impulse, we had better abide by the other meaning of the word in our passage; per­ Photograph taken March 17th, 1931. From left to right: Paul Woolley, Th.M. (Church. History), Cornelius Van Til, Th.M., Ph.D. (Apologetics), John Murray, M.A., Th.M. haps we had better take the word as (Systematic Theology), J. Gresham Machen, D.o., Litt.D. (New Testament), Allan Alex· meaning, as it commonly does in Paul, ander MacRae, M.A. (Old Testament), Oswald Thompson Allis, Ph.D., D.O. (Old Testa· ment), Ned Bernard Stonehouse, Th.D. (New Testament). "the act of believing." In that case, Paul would here mean to say: "They glorified The Ministry of Reconciliation­ them His benediction. He and He alone God in me when they heard that I was has the healing power to make the world proclaiming as a gospel-that is, that I Concluded well.. The supreme need of our age like was commending to men as the appointed means of salvation-that trust in Jesus naissance loved to use characteristic back­ every other age is· restored relationship to Christ which I was formerly endeavoring, grounds. Giotto wherever possible intro­ God as he is revealed in Jesus Christ. To by my persecutions, to root out of men's duced his bleak Umbrian hills and this task so abundantly rewarding we com­ minds and hearts." Leonardo da Vinci had a predilection for mit our hearts and our hands as Ministers moving waters. In a fuller sense there of reconciliation. But even if the word be taken in this will be in the Minister's life and work a sense, Paul certainly does not mean that background dominating the whole scene. Notes on Biblical Exposition- he proclaimed the act of believing as a Calvary will loom large in every phase of Concluded means of salvation because of its psycho­ his ministry. In other words, they recognized that the logical effect, apart from the thing that Glory of God had been singularly mani­ was believed, namely the gospel message. Economically, socially, politically, reli­ fested in the wonderful and blessed Such a thought, common though it is in giously these are disquieting days in which change that had been wrought in Paul. the Church today, is just about as far we live, aI).d the fact that each one of from the teaching of the Apostle Paul as these departments of life is tied in with What is Meant by "The Faith"? anything that could po~sibly be imagined. all the others intensifies the disturbance. It is a very interesting question what When Paul speaks of his work in pro­ But if we are perplexed it need not be Paul here means by "the faith." We use claiming as a gospel that trust in Jesus unto despair. We are so close to the pres­ the word "faith" in two distinct senses in Christ which unites men to Him, we may ent that we lose our perspective and forget English. Sometimes we designate by the be sure that he thinks of that trust, not that many such critical periods have come word "the act of believing," and at other as working in itself, through its psycho­ and gone in the past. Such eras have al­ times we designate by it "the thing that is logical effect, but as being valuable only ways prepared the way for mighty vic­ believed." We use the word in the for­ because the message which was received tories for the Kingdom of God. It will mer sense when we say that justification by it was true. Thus if we should trans­ prove true again. But if it does come to is by "faith," or when we call on men to late this passage: "When they heard that pass it will be because once again the ha ve "faith" in Jesus. We use it in the I was preaching as a gospel that message Church of God has found the Scriptures latter sense when we speak of the Chris­ about Jesus Christ, that 'faith' which con­ to be the way out of the darkened area tian "faith" or the Reformed "Faith" or sists of what is believed when He is re­ where the storm clouds hover. It has the like. ceived as Saviour," we might be tech­ never failed that when human eyes have In our passage, perhaps our first im­ nically wrong, but we should not be de­ turned to look on Jesus, the Author and pulse is to take'the word in the latter of parting, after all, very far from the es­ Finisher of our faith, He has placed upon these two senses; and certainly that sense sential meaning of the passage. October, 1931 CHRISTIANITY TODAY 19 News of the Church

Westminster Seminary Opening tion of a teacher in the presence of learners, league is now 1018,-each member having but that of a little company determined to expressed his opposition to the Auburn l"X ]11JSTMINSTER Seminary opened its seek the truth of God's Word together. If Affirmation and his determination to work l'l' third year of work on Sept. 30, with any seminary has that desire, it has a great for the doctrinal purity of the church. exercises in Witherspoon Hall, Philadelphia. wealth-greater than endowments or equip­ An amendment to the Constitution pro­ The Rev. J. Gresham Machen, D.D., Litt.D., ment-and the seminary that does not have posed at the last meeting, was adopted. Chairman of the Faculty, presided, and wel­ that is poor, no matter what else it has. This amendment gives to the Executive comed the incoming students. The address The student's primary duty is the study of Committee the right to receive new members was delivered by the Rev. Frank R. Elder, the Word of God. While they should serve upon being satisfied that they are in good D.D., Minister of the Presbyterian Church of the Church, as should other Christians, yet faith sympathetic with the purposes of the the Covenant, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He gave they would be permitting an irreparable League. an eloquent discourse on "The Ministry of error if they did not put earnest, systematic The next few months the League decided Reconciliation," which appears in this issue study of God's Word in the primarY place to set apart to bringing others into its mem­ of CHRISTIANITY TODAY,-an address which in their seminary course. The Church is bership who are in thorough accord with was thoroughly appreciated by the large calling for a prepared ministry,-for men its aims. It was emphasized that this was number of persons present. who love God enough to work hard. If there to be no "membership campaign," but an In rising to welcome the graduating class, is much of this labor the joy of it will be effort to see that no one who really wished Dr. Machen said that he did so with mixed evident in their lives. to be numbered among them was inadver­ feelings of joy and sorrow. A year .ago Third, he welcomed the students to a fel­ tently omitted. Dr. Wilson had stood to give that welcome. lowship of prayer. One could not look out The meeting heard gratifying reports of There was sorrow because Dr. Wilson was upon the world today without feeling deeply the accomplishments and progress of West­ lio longer among them, but joy when his the physical need of mankind, and a man's minster Seminary, and CHRISTIANITY TODAY. noble life and testimony were recalled. He sympathies would be poor indeed were he The last portion of the gathering was de­ had come to Westminster at a sacrifice of callous to that suffering. But there was voted to earnest intercessory prayer for the ease, honors and emoluments. The highest something even more deadly, a famine for whole Church and for the work of the aim that could be set before any of the stu­ the Word of God, a terrible turning away League. dents would be to be like him. from the Gospel in the organized work of Any Minister of the Presbyterian Church The student body showed a substantial in­ the Church. A faith that is not based upon in the U. S. A. who has not joined the League crease. This was a glorious open door of the facts -is a faith based upon sand. Like may receive an application card by address­ opportunity. Here were young men desir­ Hezekiah, who took the threatening letter ing the Rev. A. D. Gantz, 730 East 225th ing to preach the unsearchable riches of and spread it before God, we should plead St., New York City. Christ. Congregations are thirsting for the with Him for the Church. God will tell us to hold to the riches of His Word,-and that Gos'pel. How joyful it 'had been for him in Significant Fraternizing past months to aid in installing men from there are others also who are true. the Seminary who' would be true pastors, All should pray for the needs of their own SERIES of seminars, round table con­ true undershepherds who would not lead the lives as they stand in the forefront of the A ferences and "town meetings" on inter­ sheep astray. There was going forth from battle. There are many temptations. No religion good will to take place within the this institution a new breath of life in the doubt it would be 8(Lfer for them not to per­ next two months was announced by the preaching of the Gospel. plex themselves with deep or difficult ques­ National Conference of Jews and Christians Having been elected by the Faculty as tions, but that would leave the field in in a statement issued on the eve of the its chairman, it was his duty to address the possession of the enemy. Come into the Jewish High Holydays. Newton D. Baker, new ,students. He rejoiced in their numbers, battle prepared, in your shining armor, with Professor Carleon, J. H. Hayes and Roger but even more in the fact that they are com­ prayer. The greatest question of all is, Does W. Straus are the co-chairmen, and Everett ing out of true love to Christ to proclaim the favor of God rest upon this institution? R. Clinchy, the director of th,e National Con­ His Gospel in the midst of a hostile world. Because of the confidence that it does, we ference of Jews and Christians which was It would be difficult to find any place in the look for a blessed, JOYous and fruitful year. organized four years ago to promote "justice, whole Christian world where the merely pro­ The enrollment as announced was sixty­ amity and understanding between the many groups that comprise America." fessional motive for entering the ministry is two,-a net gain of seven students, making The first of the seminars was held in so nearly non-existent. Those students hav­ an increase of 12.7%. Denver, Colorado, on September 29 and 30, ing church-political ambitions were not After the exercises had been concluded, and consisted of addresses, round table con­ coming here. Those w,ho are here are real those attending were invited to be guests at ferences, and a mass meeting at the close of men, real servants of Christ. In addressing a reception and tea in the buildings of the the seminar. Similar conferences will be them he would welcome them in three ways: Seminary at 1526-1528 Pine Street. The wives of the members of the Board of Trustees held in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Cali­ First, to a fellowship of friendship. The acted as hostesses. The members of the fornia; Dallas, Texas; New Orleans, Louisi­ Westminster community exists in the face Faculty, and their wives, received. ana, and in Birmingham, Alabama. of a world and a Church that are hostile. Town meetings and round table confer­ Because of this, al,l are drawn together in ences featuring addresses by prominent a warmer fellowship than elsewhere. He The Presbyterian League of Faith religious and cultural leaders wiIl be held cherished the hope that this relationship WELL-ATTENDED and enthusiastic during the month of October in Salt Lake would never become merely perfunctory. A meeting of the Presbyterian League of City, Utah; Phoenix, Arizona; Austin, Second, they were to be welcomed to a Faith was held October 1 in the Broadway Texas; New Orleans, Louisiana; Birming­ fellowship of labor. He would never forget Presbyterian Church of New .York City, of ham, Alabama, and Atlanta, Georgia. Among the experience of his first classes in West­ which Dr. W. D. Buchanan is Minister. It the prominent local and national speakers minster. It had seemed not to be the rela- was announced that the membership of the who are included in the program of the 20 CHRISTIANITY TODAY October/ 1931

inter-religious meetings are: Dr. Nathan A New Interior View of Westminster Seminary Krass of Temple Emanuel, New York; Rev. E. R. Clinchy of the National Conference; Bishop James E.Freeman of the Protestant Episcopal 'Diocese of WashIngton, D. C.; President R. B. Ogilby of Trinity College; Rabbi Solomon Goldman of Chicago; Presi­ dent Robert G. Sproul of the University of California and Archbishop E. J. Hanna, Romanist, of San Francisco. "The function of these seminars, discus­ sion groups and town meetings," Mr. Clinchy explained "is to build larger communities of inter.est to the participants. All kinds of false rumors and misunderstandings circu-· late when contrasting cultural groups abid­ ing in the same land live in isolation. The alternative is reasonable fellowship. Com­ mon enterprises such as the conferences sponsored by the National Conference of Jews and Christians help to dispel fear, dis­ trust and animosity. "Three things result: "First, Jews; Catholics and Protestants achieve a fair way of thinking about one another. Second, they all realize that with all their differences there are many interests and endeavors which they all share. Third, this mode of association sometimes symbol­ izes the sublime conception of human The students' new Common Room achieved through the renting of the building adjoining brotherhood which each religion teaches 1528 Pine Street and converting the old-fashioned drawing room into less formidable should come to pass." quarters. In this spacious apartment students find a piano, books, papers and magazines, . and an approach to the atmosphere of home. Dr. Wilson's portrait on the left wall with its inspiring face and figure, and the scarlet hue of his academic hood against the black silk robe fits into the furnishings of a room Romanists v. Jews. in Montreal intended for the use of "the boys" he loved. A quotation from Dr. Wilson is inscribed on the frame beneath his picture, "I have not shirked the difficult questions." It was ONTREAL, caPit~1 city of t~e Prov­ selected by Professor Allis, his associate for many years, as the best sentence to describe ince of Quebec, In Canada, IS a pre­ his life. dominantlyM French-speaking and Roman Catholic city. The city possesses two school impose upon the entire province a neutral Virginia and Colorado. There are probably systems, entirely distinct in their adminis­ school system, which has been condemned by others not yet reporting. tration. One system is controlled by the Vatican. What the Vatican has con­ Those who desire to share in this experi­ Romanists, with their own religious instruc­ demned is therefore exactly the same as the ence may begin reading First Thessalonians tion. The other is controlled by a Protestant American public school system. through daily, for the rest of October. They Board of Commissioners. Both systems are may send a postal saying they are doing so tax-supported from the public treasury, and and wish to be counted in the B.ible Reading have been in existence many years. The Seattle Bible Reading Campaign Fellowship to Rev_ C. J. Boppell, 2666 37th Ave. S. W.; Seattle, Wash. The Jews are now asking for special privi­ HE "Bible Mastery Campaign" for en· leges in connection with the public schools. T listing Christian people to read First The general understanding is that they will Thessalonians entirely through, every day eventually ask for a division of the school during October, sponsored by the Presbytery Princeton Seminary Opening funds, so that they can have their own of Seattle, although voluntary on the part RINCETON Seminary opened its third schools. But Roman Catholics are making of the churches, has enlisted every Presby­ Psession under the new Board of Control strenuous opposition to a measure, now be­ terian church in Seattle. A United Presby­ on Sept. 23. The opening sermon was de­ fore the provincial legislature, proposing to terian and a Reformed Presbyterian church livered by the Rev. John E. Kuizenga, D.D., grant the Jews their request. The Arch­ also join in the campaign which will cul­ as his inaugural address as Professor of bishop of Montreal has been reported in the minate in Seattle with a Rally at First Apologetics and Christian Ethics. The en­ press as saying: "This bill would introduce Church, Sunday, October 25, to be addressed rollment of the Seminary, as announced non-Christian religious teaching. The legis­ on First Thessalonians by the Bible teacher, som'e days later, was 195, an apparent gain lature has the right to create a non-Christian Dr. B. B. Sutcliffe. This will be broadcast. of five students over last year, making an system, only if Catholics and Protestants are Inquiries have poured in from all over the increase of 2.6%. Commenting upon the not prejudiced against it. Our fathers wouI'd United States, thirty states, and from Can­ last graduating class of Princeton Seminary feel aggrieved, if they would see Christians ada. There are already enlisted churches as it now exists, the Ohristian StanClarCl, and non-Christians sitting in council to­ and groups in at least fourteen states and Cincinnati, says, "Out of a class of thirty­ gether. The real aim of the bill is to secure six different denominations. These are as seven graduating from Princeton Theological a share of the neutral school taxes. In no widely separated as Alabama and Alaska, Seminary this year, the Presbyterian other countries are minorities given similar New Jersey and California, Georgia and Church gets only five pastors, two assistants rights." He is reported as saying further, Idaho, Texas and Washington, Louisiana and a stated supply. Some of the rest may that this plan might result in an attempt to and Michigan, Pennsylvania and Minnesota, eventually serve the denomination which October, 1931 CHRISTIANITY TODAY 21

educated them, but isn't that a severe in­ Joins Westminster Seminary fight and finished his course" and of whom dictment. against the persuasiveness of it could be said that he was a strong per­ Presbyterianism ?" Faculty sonality, a noble character, a devoted serv­ The summer bulletin of Princeton Semin­ ant, a tireless worker, and a warm friend. ary - -shows nineteen-graduates without pastorates, including those who are pursuing * * * * further study. Probably there are a number An extraordinary incident, when the of Presbyterians among them_ The com­ church of St. Andrew and St. Paul, ·Mon­ ment of the Christian Standard does not take treal, was razed to give place to a railway the status of these men into account. bUilding, was the discovery when the corner stone was removed that a bottle of water from the River Jordan that had been en­ The Presbyterian Church in Canada closed in the stone had broken. 'As, how­ DISTINGUISHED figure in the Church ever, there was no aperture from which the A passed from the scene quite recently liquid contents could escape the documents when Rev. Ephraim Scott, M.A., D.D. peace­ contained in the box were saturated, as well fully entered upon his eternal rest at the they might be for they had been immersed advanced age of eighty-six years. As a in this bath for over fifty years. Though member of the Church courts and partic­ marred, the papers under the care of Mr. E. ularly of the General Assembly, a counsellor Lionel Judah of McGill University Museum, in the Church, editor of the Presbyterian were so restored that in book form (having Record, defender of the faith and champion been photographed) they will find a new of the cause of the Church throughout the resting place in the structure now in course union debates, Dr_ Scott was eminent. His of erection. devotion to the Church, his keenness of * * * * thought, his facility with the pen, his sound­ A further loss to the Church has been suf­ ness in reasoning, and his impressive speech fered recently first in the death of Rev. would single him out in any deliberate body. Matthew White, synodical missionary for the His long connection with the Record made The Rev. John H. McComb, M.A. province of Alberta, and Mr. C. S. McDonald, his name a household one throughout the Chairman of the Board of Administration. Dominion of Canada. Mr. McComb is lecturer in sermon Mr. White succumbed to an operation and He was a native of Canada, his birth preparation and preaching. He will passed away at the age of seventy-one years. . place being in a beautiful glen among the give Friday afternoon and evening to For thirty-seven years he - had served the Gore Hills in the heart of Nova Scotia, and class· room and individual instruction Church in the west and was a witness there his entire life subsequent to his arriving at coming each week from the Forest Park Presbyterian Church in Baltimore where to remarkable advance both in settlement the momentous decision to enter the min­ he is himself a remarkably successful and in the Church's work. He was sin­ istry was given to the service of his preacher of the Gospel. gularly devoted to his work and was of a Church, a ministry which covered fifty-six For several years Mr. McComb was a most benevolent disposition. Those serving years. His ministerial work was limited to reporter on a Philadelphia newspaper and night wire editor in the Philadelphia "with him," for he would not think of them his native province where he served first at Bureau of the Associated Press. He as "under him," had experience of his Milford and Gays River, and then in what graduated from the University of Penn. warmth of heart and his consideration. Dr. is now known as Westminster Church, New sylvania in 1923 as a member of the White was a native of Scotland where he Glasgow. In 1881 he was appointed suc­ Phi Beta Kappa honorary society. In 1927 he received the degree of Bachelor obtained his education and came to Canada cessor to Mr. Jas. Croil as editor of The of Theology from Princeton Seminary fully equipped for his work. Presbyterian Record, a post which he sur­ and Master of Arts from Princeton rendered only in 1926 when physical infirmi­ University. His first charge was the Cal­ Mr. McDonald was quite prominent for ties compelled his retirement. He did not vary Presbyterian Church in Newark, many years in the work of the Church as a New Jersey. This summer he spoke at however withdraw from active service for the Winona Lake Bible Conference and layman. In the early years of his business up to the time of his death he was diligent at the General Conference at Northfield. life in Toronto he had been remarkably suc­ with the pen. His book, The History of cessful in work among young people in St. James Square Church with which he was Church Union, is a comprehensive and clear the history of our Church. He was a mem­ identified. He was a sturdy champion and statement of ·the issues involved, the ber of the Board of Foreign Missions con­ leader in behalf of our Church during the methods adopted by the champions of tinuously from 1879 to 1925. Union, and a sturdy defence o·f the position strenuous years of conflict resulting in the taken by the Church. Mrs. Scott predeceased him as well as all division of 1925. From the date of its or­ Immediately after the unhappy division his family. NotWithstanding the heavy ganization he was a member of the Board in the Presbyterian Church over union Dr. burden of affliction and his infirmities of and was also trustee and treasurer for Knox Scott was elected Moderator of the General later years, he preserved his poise and College. Upon the death of Mr. Thos. Mc­ Assembly. He had a splendid capacity for maintained good cheer, showing ever a Millan, the first chairman he was unani­ business. The Record with him was suc­ bright face to the world. When the first mously chosen as chairman. Having retired cessful, and whilst .thus engaged he placed payment was made on the pension given from business some years ago he gave his the Sunday School publications on a paying him by the Church he returned it with in­ entire attention to the work of the Church. basis. structions that it be made the nucleus of a Following the re-organization of our Church His attendance upon General Assemblies fund to aid needy Ministers and their he was one of a commission to visit our was an unusual record for in the period families. mission fields in foreign lands. This tour' 1876 to 1926 he had attended all but four of The funeral service was held in the covered British Guiana, Formosa, Japan, our General Assemblies, either as a com­ church in which he worshipped in Montreal, Korea, and India. His death was very sud­ missioner or as correspondent. His thirty­ Knox Crescent, and then the remains were den, though in a sense not unexpected, as five years service as editor of the Record is taken to New Glasgow for interment. He he had had symptoms suggestive of sudden the longest official term served by any in was one indeed who had "fought a good dissolution. In addition to being a member 22 CHRISTIANITY TODAY October/ 1931

rather read Edgar Wallace for three hours than the Bible for thirty minutes.. On this WESTMINSTER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Mr. Wallace commented that the Bible was a beautiful book, and that if Ministers did Inf~mnationabo_utthe Seminary can be obtained by writing to the office/ 1528 not make it interesting they were "not doing· Pine Street/ Philadelphia/ Pennsylvania. Catalogues/ bulletins/ copies of the Charter their job." Dr. Porter replied that those and Plan/ are available. . who week by week were trying to get an The President of the Board of Trustees or the Registrar and Secretary will be audience for the Bible failed to obtain as glad to correspond with every interested person or church. . much support as Mr. Wallace did for his books, because more brains,. more concen­ Gifts should be made payable to Morgan H. Thomas/ Treasurer of West­ tration, and more intelligence were required minster Theological Seminary/ and sent to 1528 Pine Street/ Philadelphia/ Penn­ to read the parables of Jesus and the epistles sylvanra. of St. Paul than ""The 'Flying - Fifty-five." BOARD OF TRUSTEES "One cannot," he said, '~read. the Sermon on REV: FRANK H. STEVENSON/ D.O., REV. FRANK R. ELDER, D.O. the Mount lying. in a ha=ock, chewiftg President Cincinnati, Ohio gum, but in that posture one cannot only 1528 Pine Street Philadelphia, Pa. EDGAR FRUTCHEY, Esq. FREDERIC M. PAIST, Esq./ Vice-President Philadelphia, Pa. enjoy but understand the type of fiction Mr. Philadelphia, Pa. HARVEY D. HINMAN, Esq. Wallace writes." So, too, he said, there REV. HAROLD S. lAIRD, Secretary Binghamton N. Y. were' beautiful pictures in art galleries, bllt Collingswood, N. J. REV. ROBERT SCOTT INGLIS, D.O. MORGAN H. THOMAS, Esq., Treasurer Newark, N. J. . people did not stand' in line to see them, Philadelphia, Pa. REV. CLARENCE EDWARD MACARTNEY, though they would stand in line to see REV. MAITLAND ALEXANDER, D.O., D.O. Charlie Chaplin on the films. Did that mean lL.D. Pittsburgh Pa. Pittsburgh, Pa. REV. F. PAUL McCONKEY, D.O. that artists had not the brains or intelligence REV. ALEXANDER ALISON, Jr., D.O. Detroit, Mich. to make' their pictures interesting? Did it Bridgeport, Conn. REV. HARMON H. McQUilKIN, D.O. not rather mean .that the majority or' youth ROLAND K. ARMES, Esq. Orange, N. J. . Philadelphia, Pa. REV. T. ROLAND PHILIPS would not submit to the necessary training JOHN A. BEll, Esq. - Baltimore, Md. to learn to appreciate works of art? Asan Pittsburj/h, Pa. JAMES L. RANKIN, Esq. outcome of this discussion it is reported that REV. ROY TALMAGE BRUMBAUGH, D.O. Chester, Pa. Tacoma Wash. REV. JOHN T. REEVE, D.O. Mr. Wallace is to occupy Dr. Porter's. pulpit REV. WALTER DUNCAN BUCHANAN, Syracuse, N. Y. on a Sunday in October. His subject will D.O., lL.D. T. EDWARD ROSS, Esq. be "The Great Taboo,!' and he will deal with New York, N. Y. Philadelphia, Pa. REV. DAVID DeFOREST BURREll, D.O. REV. CHARLES SCHAll, D.O. those people who taboo religion on six days . Williamsport, Pa. Wayne Pa. of the week and profess to practice it on the REV. T. STACY CAPERS REV. JOSEPH A. SCHOFIELD, Jr. seventh. Hollida'isburg, Pa. Gouverneur, N. Y. REV. DAVID S. CLARK, D.O. JAMES F. SHRADER, Esq. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. REV. SAMUEL G. CRAIG, D.O. JOHN L. STEELE, Esq. Princeton, N. J. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia Fundam~ntalists Progress REV. JOHN DOlFIN REV. HENRY M. WOODS, D.O. Muskegon, Mich. Ventnor, N. J. ANY doubt as to the interest in a local BENJAMIN F. EDWARDS, Esq. HARRY A. WORCESTER, Esq. ftFundamentalist organization was quickly St. louis, Mo. Cincinnati, Ohio dissipated at the first meeting of the Phila­ delphia Fundamentalists held on October 21, in the Central-North Broad Street Presby­ terian Church, of which the Rev. Merril T. MY GIFT MacPherson is Pastor. Some 1500 Christian people crowded the main auditorium beyon!i I subscribe $ ...... for We~tminster Seminary. (I enclose capacity and filled the Sunday SchlJoi rooms below in a great overflow meeting. Captain remittance)* (I will pay as Follows: ...... ) Reginald Wallis of Dublin, Ireland, delivered the main address of the evening, making a NAME...... stirring appeal for a FundamentalIsm of the heart as well as of the head. He struck the keynote when he reminded his hearers ADDRESS ...... that these meetings for the strengthening of *Strike out words not applicable. the faith would be of very little value un­ less they resulted in a deepened spiritual life and a greater devotion and loyalty to their Lord and Saviour, ~mounting to a real of the Board of Administration he was a Author of "Thrillers" Takes to the trustee of the Church and in that capacity surrender of life to the wishes of the Mas­ was in conference with the Board in the Pulpit ter. Rev. Alexander A. Murray, coming f!lrenoon of the day of his death. In the DGAR WALI.ACE, the "mass produc· from New Zealand, addressed the early afternoon he suddenly collapsed while en­ E tion" novelist of Great Britain, who meeting for members o)lly, while Dr. Charles gaged in playing golf, his favorite pastime. turns out scores of books annually, is en· Ernest Scott, just home on furlough from He had retired from the chairmanship of gaged in a curious controversy. In a recent missionary service in China, was pressed the Board at the beginning of the year, but speech Dr. A. Porter, pastor of a Congrega­ into service at the last moment and thrilled his services were still at the disposal of his tional Church at Fleetwood, England, de­ the overflow gathering with his accounts of Church. plored the fact that nowadays people would the hardships endured by Christians in October, 1931 CHRISTIANiTY TODAY 23

China and their unswerving loyalty under More "Experts" to Survey Missions served in both' the Spanish-American and the most trying conditions. World wars, winning several decorations in At a preliminary meeting of the Advisory in india the latter. He has held pastorates in Mor­ Board of" the Philadelphia Fundamentalists, THE Lay!Uen's Commission appointed to gantown, Lewiscreek and Columbus, Indi­ two questions of special interest were dis- . evaluate the facts coIlected by a group of ana; Boston, Indianapolis, Newport, Ken­ cussed: The membership thus farchas been missionary "investigators" which recently tucky; LouisviIIe, Cincinnati and Muncie, confined to Ministers and laymen who sig-it visited India has· been announc.ed: Dr. Wil­ Indiana. the doctrinal statement, but there ha:v'ebeen liam E.Hocking, chairman, professor of many requests to admit women aSlIl.embers.· philosophy in Harvard University;.··Miss In response to this there wiII be·' all aux- . Mary E. WooIIey, president of Mount Hol­ The Anti-God and Anti-Church iIiary membership for women, although the· yoke CoIlege; Dr; Henry S. Houghton, dean Movement in Germany facilities of the church make it necessary ·of the CoIlege of Medicine of· the University for the present to limit the supper feIlowship·· of Io'\Va; Dr. Charles :P. Emerson, dean of HE Anti-God and Anti-Church Move­ hour to men only. " the lridiana University School of Medicine; T ment in Germany has become a serious There was also a lengthy discussi·oli as to Dr. Arlo A. Brown, president of Drew Uni­ problem to which Church leaders, Church whether the rriodification of the statement . yersny" ¥a«;Iison, N. J.;' Dr. W. P. Merr}II" authorities, and Church associations haye on the Second Coming of Christ from. that pastor of· the Brick Presbyterian 'Church, been paying increased attention for some issued by the World's Christian Funda- New York; Dr. Albert R. Mann of the New months. In the middle of the last century mentals Association would weaken the pesi- York State CoIlege of Agriculture at CorneIl there came into being in Germany certain tion and testimony Of the local body. The University; Dr. Rufus M: Jones, professor of circles that were indifferent to the Church. officers explained that' while they were, all philosophy at Haverford College, Pa.; Mr. They either did not participate in 8hurch personaIly of pre-millennial convictions, and Mrs. Harper Sibley of Rochester, N. Y. life at aII or ~nlY in it very smaII degree. The there had been a desire 'on the part of many During the'nine months of its stay in India, position became more serious with the to welcome to fellowship those staunchly the expen'Ses of this Commission will be growth of the Socialist Party, and beginning orthodox Christians who might not be in borne, like that of its predecessor, by a com­ with the year 1870 laws were issued in differ­ agreement on that one doctrine, and in ac- mittee of laymen of seven different danomi­ ent German countries (Prussia, Bavaria, corda nee with the decision of the majority nations of the U. S. A. Saxony) rendering it possible to leave the at a previous organization meeting, a state- Church for atheism. The number of those ment had been adopted which Modernists Complaining of the preponderance of uni­ who left the Church from that time to the certainly could not sign, but" which would versity professors on this Commission, the beginning of the Great War was stiII very Indian Witness says, "We believe the lop­ be satisfactory to both pre-, post- and smaII, amounting to but a few thousand per­ a'millennialists who believed in the inspired sided nature of the Co=ission is not cal­ sons. Since 1918, however, a great move­ Word of God. (This statement reads, "We culated to make its conclusions of the ment of Church-leaving has set in. In Ger­ believe in 'that blessed hope,' the personal greatest value to the Church. At least half many 1,749,559 persons left the Church and and visible return of our Lord and Saviour of the members should be large-hearted, professed themselves atheists during the broad-visioned, evangelistic pastors." To Jesus Christ.") years 1919-1928. During the same period this the "United Church Review," organ of It was further brought out that the doc- 165,136 persons canceIled this step, so that the United Church of Northern India has re- the total loss of the Evangelical Churches in trinal statements of three great Faith Mis- p l'1e: d ''We wou ld sugges,t h owever, that the sions, the China Inland Mission, the Africa Commission is a Laymen's, not a Clergy­ Germany amounted to 1,584,423 persons in Inland Mission, and the Sudan Interior Mis- the years 1919-1928. men's Commission; that a .man may be a sion, included no definite commitment to coIlege professor and at the same time The movement has not stopped since 1928. the pre-millennial position while their or- keenly interested in the direct presentation Towards the end of last year and in the be­ thodoxy as weIl as their predominantly pre- ginning of this year a new increased agita­ millennial positions are weIl-known and of the Gospel; and that professors, trained tion against the Church has set in. Agitation their great ministries on the field have been in the methods and procedure of research, blessed in an ever-widening circle. may possibly be fitted for the task of against the churches has become so aggres­ evaluation of coIlected facts." sive in the course of the last months that The organization of the Philadelphia von Hindenburg, President of the Reich, Fundamentalists is an outgrowth of the Both papers seem to have overlooked the issued special decrees in order to protect Convention of the World's Christian, Fun- fact tliat the preponderance of weight on religiOUS societies. These decrees order, inter damentals 'Ass~ciation ·h~ld in Bethany this committee is distinctly Modernist, and alia, "that public meetings can be forbidden Presbyterian Church last May, and while can hardly be expected to have much sym­ if it is to be feared that a religious society not officially connected with the ,World's As- pathy or approbation for the work of mis- of public right, its institutions, customs, or . sociation the Philadelphia body remains in sions and missionaries who are preaching objects of religious veneration wiII be in· hearty sympathy with rather than in any blood atonement as taught in an infalIi­ suIted or maliciously made contemptible." way opposed to the work of the National ble Book. body. The agitation against the Church origi­ A helpful constructive program is being nates especialIy from'the "German Society planned from month to month. The next From Major-General to Baptist of Free thinkers," existing for 25 years and meeting is to be held in the' same place on Minister embracing actuaIIy about 600,000 members, November 19th, when Dr. Will H. Houghton, and from the "Association of Proletarian pastor of Calvary Baptist Church, New York, AJOR GENERAL William G. Everson Freethinkers," . with 119,400 members, the succeeding John Roach Straton, will be the M. will resign as chief of the Army periodicals of which are said to reach a total principal speaker. Militia Bureau on December 1 to become edition of 1,265,000. The members of the Those who would like to secure further pastor of the First Baptist Church, Denver, "German Society of Freethinkers" are So­ information or join the membership may Colorado. When his ,tesignation becomes cialists for the greatest part. So far as is write the President, Rev. A. V. KimmeIl, effEictive General Everson wiII have com­ known, most of the members of the Socialist 2259 North Tenth Street, Philadelphia, who pleted two years in his high post in the War Party in Germany are hostile to the Church. will be glad to send literature regarding Department. General Everson has been a There are, however, believing Christians the work. soldier and a Minister for thirty years. He among them. The Pruss ian minister of 24 CHRISTIANITY TODAY October, 1931

Science, Arts and Public In­ When Westminsier Has MoOney to Build of being the helpers and pro­ struction, Dr. Grimme, belongs tectors of travelers in distress. to the religious socialists. "The Two monks of the order have Association of Proletarian Free------" ._- recently returned from a recon­ thinkers" is, on the contrary, noitering journey, undertaken entirely Communistic. The re­ by order of their confreres, to lations between the German the Himalayan Mountains to and Russian Communists are find out whether there was any very close, especially in their possibility of settling there. struggle against religion. There Their journey took them over exist particularly close rela· the plateau of Yunnan in China tions between some groups of to Lolo in Tibet.. For more Freethinkers in Germany and than a month they were in Russia. Thus, for instance, the their saddles riding through Associations of Freethinkers in the rocks and the ice of the Leipsic and Odessa are in highest mountains in the world. mutual competition. The Asso­ The result of their invesfiga­ ciations of the Anti-Gods in tions is that, as is now re­ Leningrad have challenged the ported, a chapter of the order Associations of Freethinkers in consisting of twelve members Sketch (suggestion only) of a permanent headquarters building Thuringia. In other. words, the for Westminster Theological Seminary. In this modest structure accepted the proposal made by German and Russian Com: would be chapel, library, class rooms and office. It might be erected the two monks that a new munists try to surpass each with equipment for approximately one hundred and fifty thousand hospice of the order should be other in their success in anti­ dollars. The best site for a permanent Seminary building would founded in the Himalayas. For seem to be in Philadelphia and not far froin the campus of the church agitation. University of Pennsylvania. many years now the monks of The German Communists are Grevel House. England, by W. Curtis Green, A.R.A. From an illustra­ St. Bernard on the Swiss pass holding public meetings in Ber­ tion in "Architectural Drawings" by Farey and Edwards. Courtesy have found their services little of Charles Scribner's Sons. lin, Leipsic, Dresden and many needed. other German .cities, at which Since 962 - for almost a they insult the Church and her institutions of the last electio!1 for the Reichstag, on thousand years-they have devoted them­ in every way. Following the Russian example September 14th, 1930', the Communists had selves on this mountain road, exposed to the theatrical performances are arranged mock­ 4,590',179 electors (surpassing by 1,20'0',.0'0'0' the howling storms, to their Samaritan work ing the clergy. Anti-religious exhibitions are former election of the year 1928), the Social­ with the help of the big dogs which they well known in Russia. Such exhibitions are iilts had 8,575,343 electors (the total of votes breed and train for the tracing of travelers arranged by the German Communists as amounting to 35,224,464. Certainly, not all who have met with accidents. Their hospice well. An exhibition of that kind was re­ Socialists and Communists are taking an on the road across the Alps, with its strong cently to be seen in Berlin. It was prohibited active part in anti-Church agitation. But it walls of stonje-and small windows, looks more after having been frequented by 20',0'0'0' work­ is apparent that the Anti-Church Movement like a fortress than a monastery. It was men. Among other things there was indi­ has already gained a broad baSis in Ger­ destined to resist dllath in all the various cated on a map of the city the number of many. forms in which it approaches man, in bad churches actually existing in Berlin; at the weather, storm and cold. From their hospice same time, people were triumphantly in­ Monks of St. Bernard to Move the monks watched the pass, looked for formed of the quantity of churches closed to Himalaya Mountains travelers in distress who had lost their way, and priests expelled in Russia. and rendered them help. There the travelers HE monks of St. Bernard, famous Communist recruiting bands wander from found modest accommodation and, in case of guardians and rescuers on the pass one part of the city to the other with T illness, medical assistance. The monks them­ across the Swiss Alps, are about to emigrate. trumpets and phonographs, inviting the in­ selves led a life of privation and hardship. They have decided to go to the Himalayas habitants to leave the Church. According to and to continue there, on one of the most the Russian example Communist processions frequented and difficult passes, their work carry pictures and placards deriding the Protestant Minority in Chicago Church and the clergy. R. Arthur E. Holt has made a survey of The German Communists are paying D the religious forces of Chicago Includ­ special attention to the work among the WILL YOU RECEIVE ing Protestants, Roman Catholics and Jews. youth and school children. In this connec· Dr. Holt says: "Of these churches, 256 were tion they are equally following the example Christianity Today for the coming Roman CathOlic, with·a total of 60'1,492 of the Russian Communists. There exist year? If you are not now a subscriber members. The Jews had 123 congregations, special "school periodicals" for children, stir­ we invite you to join its thousands of with a total of 233,350' members. All the ring them up against religion and the enthusiastic readers. remaining groups had 1,120' churches, with a total of 393,744 members. These 1,120' Church. A pamphlet for children runs as If you are a subscriber, and if your follows :-"Leave religious instruction! Re­ churches represented 10'7 denominations ligion is only meant to make you stupid!" address label says September or which 'Were cllllssified into sixty family group­ The parents are also invited by the Com­ October your renewal is due and it ings. The average Roman Catholic church munists to keep their children away from will greatly aid us if you will send in had 2,349.5 members thirteen years· of age and more; the average Jewish congregation religious instruction and to send them to the your dollar no.w. The enclosed had 1,897 members; the average church of so'called "secular schOOl," where no religious blank may be used for either renewals all the remaining groups had 356 members." instruction is given. or new subscriptions. This survey therefore shows that there are The circles standing behind such an agita· Why not subscribe· for a friend? but 393,744 Protestants of every variety in tion are by no means small. On the occasion that great city of 3,375,0'0'0' people.

BE'NJ. F. EMERY co .. PHII.A.