million growth 387 boardings 4,2% Development 2000-2018

200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Befolkning og Biltrafikk Oslo Passasjerer kollektivtransport Oslo Biltrafikk Akershus Passasjerer kollektivtransport Akershus Vognkm Boardings: Distribution Our target: emission free by 2028

Share of bus fleet zero emission 100% Pace towards 100% 90% Zero emission Zero emission special transport boats emission free is 80% constrained by: 70% - Contract termination 60% dates 50% - Market offerings 40% (availability of

30% adequate bus types)

20% - Change processes (internal/external) 10% - Cost / Financial 0% 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 feasibility

Contracts signed Contracts under preparation Electric status

E-bus test started Phase in 70 e-buses in E-buses included in the 30.11.2017 existing Oslo service new Romerike service contracts in 2019 contract in 2019 • 6 e-buses • 3 operators • 70 e-buses • 39 e-buses • 3 charging solutions • 3 operators • 2 operators - Slow charging on depot • 4th charging solution • Operations start July 2019 - Fast opportunity charging - Fast charging on depot - Bus mounted pantograph • Operations start May 2019 - Pole-mounted pantograph Going electric for city buses – the current e-bus test

Line 60 Line 74 Line 31 / 31E Charging at Vippetangen Charging at Mortensrud T Charging at depot Jernkroken

Foto: Statnett

Fast charging Fast charging Slow charging 400kW – 8 mins 300kW – 12 mins 80kW – 3 hrs Charging in one end of Charging in one end of Charging at depot, close to 24km route 2x12km route 14km route 70 E-buses in existing Oslo service contracts

BYD

Mercedes

VDL VDL Depot Persveien Depot Jernkroken Operator Norgesbuss Operator Nobina Buses 4 Solaris solo Buses 20 BYD articulated 6 Mercedes solo Charging Heliox, 8x300kW and Charging Medcom 1x600kW 20x80kW

Depot Alnabru

Depot Klemetsrud Operator Operator Unibuss Buses 30 VDL articulated Buses 10 VDL solo Charging Heliox 12x300kW and Charging Heliox 10x50kW 18x50kW

9 39 E-buses included in the new Romerike service contract in 2019

Depot Brubakkveien Operator Norgesbuss

Buses 17 Volvo solo Depot Leiraveien Charging ABB Operator Nobina Buses 22 BYD articulated Charging Heliox We have to listen, test, fail, and learn Lessons learned – feedback from operators

• Change of work pattern, new logistics, new routines, uncertainty • Problems related to prototype / early production models - IT issues, door issues - replacement of battery pack - rear axle broken (new in-hub motor design) - depot charger problems → lack of battery balancing every 2-3 days • Lower mileage than expected • No special challenges with buses in winter conditions, even with range or pantograph • Two operators have selected drivers (pantograph charging) • One operator trained all drivers (plugin charging on depot) Lessons learned –

• The market has learned and matured • The operator handle the e-bus risks in the tenders Romerike 2018 and West Region 2019 • Demanding to establish fast charging infrastructure - many players - good collaboration, but takes time • Area requirements - both for end stop fast charging, and increased number of buses • What is the optimal (or practical) business model for charging – grid owner, depot owner, operator, any new e-infrastructure operator… In 2019 Ruter will expand to 115 electric buses

14 Photo: www.tu.no 15