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Present-Day Uplift of the European Alps Evaluating Mechanisms And
Earth-Science Reviews 190 (2019) 589–604 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Invited review Present-day uplift of the European Alps: Evaluating mechanisms and models T of their relative contributions ⁎ Pietro Sternaia, ,1, Christian Sueb, Laurent Hussonc, Enrico Serpellonid, Thorsten W. Beckere, Sean D. Willettf, Claudio Faccennag, Andrea Di Giulioh, Giorgio Spadai, Laurent Jolivetj, Pierre Vallac,k, Carole Petitl, Jean-Mathieu Nocquetm, Andrea Walpersdorfc, Sébastien Castelltorta a Département de Sciences de la Terre, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland b Chrono-Environnement, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France c Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, IFSTAR, ISTERRE, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble 38000, France d Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Centro Nazionale Terremoti, Bologna, Italy e Institute for Geophysics, Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA f Erdwissenschaften, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland g Dipartimento di Scienze, Università di Roma III, Rome, Italy h Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy i Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy j Sorbonne Université, Paris, France k Institute of Geological Sciences, Oeschger Center for Climate Research, University of Bern, Switzerland l Geoazur, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France m Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Paris, France ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Recent measurements of surface vertical displacements of the European Alps show a correlation between vertical European Alps velocities and topographic features, with widespread uplift at rates of up to ~2–2.5 mm/a in the North-Western Vertical displacement rate and Central Alps, and ~1 mm/a across a continuous region from the Eastern to the South-Western Alps. -
Modelling Glacier-Bed Overdeepenings and Possible Future Lakes for the Glaciers in the Himalaya–Karakoram Region
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2015 Modelling glacier-bed overdeepenings and possible future lakes for the glaciers in the Himalaya–Karakoram region Linsbauer, Andreas ; Frey, Holger ; Haeberli, Wilfried ; Machguth, Horst ; Azam, M F ; Allen, Simon Abstract: Surface digital elevation models (DEMs) and slope-related estimates of glacier thickness enable modelling of glacier-bed topographies over large ice-covered areas. Due to the erosive power of glaciers, such bed topographies can contain numerous overdeepenings, which when exposed following glacier retreat may fill with water and form new lakes. In this study, the bed overdeepenings for 28000 glaciers (40775km²) of the Himalaya–Karakoram region are modelled using GlabTop2 (Glacier Bed Topography model version 2), in which ice thickness is inferred from surface slope by parameterizing basal shear stress as a function of elevation range for each glacier. The modelled ice thicknesses are uncertain (±30%), but spatial patterns of ice thickness and bed elevation primarily depend on surface slopes as derived from the DEM and, hence, are more robust. About 16000 overdeepenings larger than 10 m² were detected in the modelled glacier beds, covering an area of 2200 km² and having a volume of 120 km³ (3–4% of present-day glacier volume). About 5000 of these overdeepenings (1800 km2) have a volume larger than 10 m³. The results presented here are useful for anticipating landscape evolution and potential future lake formation with associated opportunities (tourism, hydropower) and risks (lake outbursts). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3189/2016AoG71A627 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-112593 Journal Article Published Version Originally published at: Linsbauer, Andreas; Frey, Holger; Haeberli, Wilfried; Machguth, Horst; Azam, M F; Allen, Simon (2015). -
The Eastern Alps: Result of a Two-Stage Collision Process
© Österreichische Geologische Gesellschaft/Austria; download unter www.geol-ges.at/ und www.biologiezentrum.at Mil. Cteto-r. Goo GOG. ISSN 02hl 7-193 92 11999; 117 13-1 Wen Jui 2000 The Eastern Alps: Result of a two-stage collision process FRANZ NEUBAUER1, JOHANN GENSER1, ROBERT HANDLER1 8 Figures Abstract The present structure and the Late Paleozoic to Recent geological evolution of the Alps are reviewed mainly with respect to the distribution of Alpidic, metamorphic overprints of Cretaceous and Tertiary age and the corresponding ductile structure. According to these data, the Alps as a whole, and the Eastern Alps in particular, are the result of two independent Alpidic collisional orogenies: The Cretaceous orogeny formed the present Austroaipine units sensu lato (extending from bottom to top of the Austroaipine unit s. str., the Meliata unit, and the Upper Juvavic unit) including a very low- to eclogite-grade metamorphic overprint. The Eocene-Oligocene orogeny resulted from an oblique continent-continent collision and overriding of the stable European continental lithosphere by the combined Austroalpine/Adriatic continental microplate. A fundamental difference seen in the present-day structure of the Eastern and Central/ Western Alps resulted as the Austroaipine units with a pronounced remnants of a Oligocene/Neogene relief are mainly exposed in the Eastern Alps, in contrast to the Central/Western Alps with Penninic units, which have been metamorphosed during Oligocene. Exhumation of metamorphic crust, formed during Cretaceous and Tertiary orogenies, arose from several processes including subvertical extrusion due to lithospheric indentation, tectonic unroofing and erosional denudation. Original paleogeographic relationships were destroyed and veiled by late Cretaceous sinistral shear, Oligocene-Miocene sinistral wrenching along ENE-trending faults within eastern Austroaipine units and the subsequent eastward lateral escape of units exposed within the central axis of the Alps. -
Professor Julie Audet<B>
University of Toronto Faculty, Staff, and Student Awards and Honours Governing Council Meeting October 23, 2008 Faculty & Staff Awards Professor Emeritus Paul Aird of forestry is the winner of the Endangered Species Stewardship Award, presented to him by Donna Cansfield, Ontario minister of natural resources, at a natural History Day event, held May 24 at Bonnechere Provincial Park in Renfrew County. Aird was honoured for his volunteer contributions related to Kirtland’s Warbler over the past 30-plus years, not only raising public awareness for this particular species at risk but for having made an important contribution towards recovery of this globally rare bird in Ontario. Keith Ambachtsheer, director of the Rotman International Centre for Pension Management, is the recipient of the James R. Vertin Award, given by the CFA (chartered financial analyst) Institute to recognize individuals who have produced a body of research notable for its relevance and enduring value to investment professionals. Ambachtsheer received the award July 22 at the 50th Financial Analysts Seminar, a CFA Institute conference hosted by the CFA Society of Chicago. Francesca Andrade of financial services is this year’s winner of U of T Scarborough’s Patrick Phillips Staff Award for outstanding service and commitment by a campus staff member, while Svetlana Mikhaylichenko of physical and environmental sciences is the recipient the D.R. Campbell Merit Award for enhancing the quality of life on campus. Professor Janet Potter of physical and environmental sciences is the winner of the Faculty Teaching Award. The Principal’s Awards were presented in June at an event hosted by Principal Franco Vaccarino. -
Articles, Mineral Dust in the Darkening of the Ablation Zone
The Cryosphere, 11, 2393–2409, 2017 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2393-2017 © Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Impact of impurities and cryoconite on the optical properties of the Morteratsch Glacier (Swiss Alps) Biagio Di Mauro1, Giovanni Baccolo2,3, Roberto Garzonio1, Claudia Giardino4, Dario Massabò5,6, Andrea Piazzalunga7, Micol Rossini1, and Roberto Colombo1 1Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy 2Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy 3National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Section of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy 4Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Milan, Italy 5Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy 6National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Genoa, Italy 7Water & Life Lab SRL, Entratico (BG), Italy Correspondence to: Biagio Di Mauro ([email protected]) Received: 11 April 2017 – Discussion started: 4 May 2017 Revised: 20 September 2017 – Accepted: 21 September 2017 – Published: 1 November 2017 Abstract. The amount of reflected energy by snow and ice glacier. The presence of EC and OC in cryoconite samples plays a fundamental role in their melting processes. Differ- suggests a relevant role of carbonaceous and organic material ent non-ice materials (carbonaceous particles, mineral dust in the darkening of the ablation zone. This darkening effect (MD), microorganisms, algae, etc.) can decrease the re- is added to that caused by fine debris from lateral moraines, flectance of snow and ice promoting the melt. The object of which is assumed to represent a large fraction of cryoconite. -
Engadine St. Moritz
Engadine St. Moritz The mist over the lake gradually clears and the first rays of sunlight break through. The sky is a beautiful blue and snow-covered peaks greet new arrivals from the lowlands. Just a few more steps and you have reached your goal – Allegra in Engadine St. Moritz! A warm welcome to the sunniest mountain valley in Switzerland! At 1800 metres above sea level, enjoying 322 days of sunshine every year and blessed with impress- ive mountain views – this is Engadine St. Moritz. With its dry, healthy climate, snow-sure position, seemingly endless expanse of frozen lakes and unique light conditions, this winter destination has been capturing the hearts of visitors from around the world for more than 150 years. It’s not just the landscape that is unique up here but also the relationship that the people have with their history and culture. Tradition is part of the day-to-day routine – with customs including Chalandamarz (the ancient Engadine New Year) and Schlitteda (Sleigh processions), promotion of the Romansch language in both schools and everyday life or typical Engadine architecture. It doesn’t matter whether you stay in sophisticated St. Moritz or idyllic Bever, the attachment of local people to their history is apparent wherever you go. The residents of Upper Engadine also know quite a lot about a variety of challenging winter sports. This is the largest snow sports region in Switzerland and is home to a vast range of high quality activities - from wide skiing and snowboarding pistes to suit every ability level and extensive cross- country skiing trails through magical winter landscapes, to facilities for new and fashionable sports including snowkiting, freeriding or ice climbing – Engadine St. -
Pontresina. Facts and Figures the Village
Pontresina. facts and figures The village The village – fascinating history Languages in Pontresina Guests will be enchanted by the charm of the historical mountain village: lovingly restored Engadin houses from the Languages Population Population Population census 1980 census 1990 census 2000 17th and 18th centuries, palatial belle époque hotels and other architectural gems from earlier times, including the Begräb- Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount niskirche Sta. Maria (Church of the Holy Sepulchre of St Mary, German 990 57,5 % 993 61,9 % 1264 57,7 % dating back to the 11th century) with its impressive frescoes Romansh 250 14,5 % 194 12,1 % 174 7,9 % from the 13th and 15th centuries. Other sights include the pentagonal Spaniola tower (12th/13th century) and the Punt Italian 362 21,0 % 290 18,1 % 353 16,1 % Veglia Roseg and Punt Veglia Bernina bridges. The historical Total citizen 1726 1604 2191 village of Pontresina is divided into four settlements: Laret, San Spiert, Giarsun and Carlihof. Towards Samedan, there is also the more modern part of Muragl. With a total of 2,000 re- sidents, the village welcomes up to 116,000 guests every year. Pontresina Tourismus T +41 81 838 83 00, www.pontresina.ch The sorrounding GERMANY Frankfurt Munich (590 km) (300 km) Friederichshafen Schaffhausen (210 km) Basel St.Gallen (290 km) (190 km) Zurich AUSTRIA (200 km) Innsbruck (190 km) Landquart FRANCE Chur Bern Davos Zernez (330 km) Disentis Thusis Mals Andermatt Filisur Samedan Meran St.Moritz Pontresina Brig Poschiavo Bozen Chiavenna Tirano -
Winter Guide 2019/20
English Winter Guide 2019/20 Winter CONTENTS SCENARIO ALPINO DA FAVOLA FACTS FIGURES Three mountains, three fabulous beings 3 The locati on 4 Snow-Deal and Sleep + Ski 6 Family Passes and Engadin Pass 8 Piz d’Arlas 3375 m Piz Cambrena 3602 m Piz Palü 3900 m Bellavista 3922 m Piz Bernina 4049 m Piz Roseg 3937 m Piz Glüschaint 3594 m Piz Murtèl 3433 m Piz Corvatsch 3451 m Single trips 10 Lift and Lunch 11 t a r g Operati ng dates and ti mes 13 o c n a i Your Event 14 B Vouchers 15 Piz Trovat 3146 m Tirano Piz Morteratsch 3751 m Chamanna Coaz SAC App 16 2611 m Poschiavo V a A piste map can be obtai- d r e t P e r s e r Sass Queder 3066 m g l a c i 41 c h ned at all valley stati ons. SCENARIO ALPINO DA FAVOLA 31 a t s Corvatsch Bergstation 3303 m La Rösa 1965 m Alp Grüm 2307 m 1 r v 2 C o CORVATSCH Corvatsch 18 Diavolezza 2978 m Isla Persa Val Arlas 1 3 1 2720 m 1 Snowsafari 19 Lagalb 2893 m B Bernina Hospiz 2307 m Livigno h Lago Bianco c The Hahnensee run 20 2 s 2234 m t Chamanna da Boval SAC 2 a r 2495 m e Freeride Eldorado 21 t Fuorcla Surlej B Furtschellas Bergstation 2786 m r 1a 23 Lej Nair o 2753 m Corvatsch Park 22 M Längste Gletscherabfahrt Lej da Diavolezza 31 2573 m a der Schweiz 19 d Piz Grialetsch 2 t Snow Night 24 21 e 13 2480 m r d Corvatsch Mittelstation Murtèl 2702 m Snowshoe trekking 26 a 13 22 3 Schwarzer Hang V Corvatsch Park D 19 Fine food 29 A Roseg 1999 m 15 20 10a Curtinella G 21 6 Längste beleuchtete Chüderun SCENARIO ALPINO DA FAVOLA Piste der Schweiz 2 16 42 H 13 I V 4 Diavolezza Challenge 7 a 8 DIAVOLEZZA Diavolezza -
Long-Wavelength Late-Miocene Thrusting in the North Alpine Foreland: Implications for Late Orogenic Processes
Solid Earth, 11, 1823–1847, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1823-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Long-wavelength late-Miocene thrusting in the north Alpine foreland: implications for late orogenic processes Samuel Mock1, Christoph von Hagke2,3, Fritz Schlunegger1, István Dunkl4, and Marco Herwegh1 1Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 1+3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland 2Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstrasse 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany 3Department of Geography and Geology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria 4Geoscience Center, Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstrasse 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany Correspondence: Samuel Mock ([email protected]) Received: 17 October 2019 – Discussion started: 27 November 2019 Revised: 24 August 2020 – Accepted: 25 August 2020 – Published: 13 October 2020 Abstract. In this paper, we present new exhumation ages 1 Introduction for the imbricated proximal molasse, i.e. Subalpine Mo- lasse, of the northern Central Alps. Based on apatite .U−Th−Sm/=He thermochronometry, we constrain thrust- Deep crustal processes and slab dynamics have been con- driven exhumation in the Subalpine Molasse between 12 and sidered to influence the evolution of mountain belts (e.g. 4 Ma. This occurs synchronously to the main deformation in Davies and von Blanckenburg, 1995; Molnar et al., 1993; the adjacent Jura fold-and-thrust belt farther north and to the Oncken et al., 2006). However, these deep-seated signals late stage of thrust-related exhumation of the basement mas- may be masked by tectonic forcing at upper-crustal levels sifs (i.e. -
The Romansch Way the Most Beautiful Ski-Ramble in the Engadine
The Romansch Way The most beautiful ski-ramble in the Engadine WALTER LORCH For some 150 years Brits have climbed, ski'd and charted the Alps. In 1861 members of the Mpine Club established the 'High Level Route' known today as the Haute Route - the classic crossing from Chamonix to Zermatt and Saas Fee. Early this century Arnold Lunn introduced the world to downhill racing and ski slalom, landmarks indeed. Over the past 20 years the Nordic ski has infiltrated the Alps, Brits being notable by their absence. Ski de randonnee to the French, Skiwandern and Langlauf to the German-speaking people and cross-country skiing to the English-speaking world, has brought a third dimension to the world of skiing: independence from the clutter and queues of mechanical transportand access to fairy-tale lands away from the crowds. But, most important of all, ski-rambling gives a sense of physical well-being and achievement known so well to sailors and mountaineers. The choice of terrain is endless and the cost low. After more than half a century of ski-mountaineering and downhill skiing, with an occasional excursion on Nordic skis, I decided to explore this new, yet ancient mode of snow travel over true alpine territory. The Engadine appealed most and, finally, two factors decided my choice: firstly, the Engadine is different from the rest of Switzerland. So is the language. So are the people. So is the weather. While the sun shines in Sils and Scuol, the rest of Switzerland may be covered in mist. The route leads along the River Inn, across frozen lakes, flanked by the panorama of the Engadine giants, loved by every skier. -
The Dynamics and Mass Budget of Arctic Glaciers Extended Abstracts
The Dynamics and Mass Budget of Arctic Glaciers Extended abstracts Workshop and GLACIODYN (IPY) meeting, 15 - 18 January 2007, Pontresina (Switzerland) IASCIASC WorkingWorking groupgroup onon ArcticArctic GlaciologyGlaciology Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht Utrecht University, The Netherlands The Dynamics and Mass Budget of Arctic Glaciers Extended abstracts Workshop and GLACIODYN (IPY) Meeting, 15 - 18 January 2007, Pontresina (Switzerland) IASC Working Group on Arctic Glaciology Organized by J. Oerlemans and C.H. Tijm-Reijmer Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht Utrecht University, The Netherlands 1 2 CONTENTS Preface..............................................................................................7 Johannes Oerlemans Program ............................................................................................9 List of participants.........................................................................13 Abstracts ........................................................................................17 20th Century evolution and modelling of Hoffellsjökull, Southeast Iceland .........................................................................................18 Gufinna Aalgeirsdóttir, H. Björnsson, F. Pálsson and S.P. Sigursson The surface energy balance of Storbreen....................................20 Liss M. Andreassen, M.R. van den Broeke, J. Oerlemans Topographic controls on the spatial variability of glacier surface energy balance ............................................................................23 -
The Alps Diaries 2019
PENN IN THE ALPS 2019 Published 2019 Book design by Maisie O’Brien (Cover) Pausing for a group shot with Munt Pers in the background. Photo credit: Steffi Eger 2 Hiking in the range above Pontresina. Photo credit: Steffi Eger 3 Tectonic overview from Carta Geologica della Valmalenco. Data contributed by Reto Gieré. Published by Lyasis Edizioni, Sondrio, 2004 4 Foreword In the late summer of 2019, sixteen students, one intrepid van driver, and one native Alpine expert set out on a twelve-day hiking expedition across the Swiss and Italian Alps. This journey marked the fourth year that Dr. Reto Gieré has led students on a geological, historical, and gustatorial tour of his home. As a geology course, Penn in the Alps takes an ecological approach on the study of Alpine culture. Lectures range from topics on Earth sciences to Alpine folk instruments, while emphasizing the interdependence between the natural environment and human livelihood. The following pages present each student’s research paper on a selected aspect of the Alps or the Earth entire. The second part of the book contains their journal entries, in which each author shares their own gelato-permeated experience. 5 Group shot at Montebello Castle in Bellinzona, Switzerland. Photo credit: Steffi Eger 6 Looking for Ibex and mountaineers, Diavolezza. Photo credit: Julia Magidson 182 Hiking on the Roman road through the Cardinello gorge, Montespluga. Photo credit: Beatrice Karp 195 Maddie makes her presentation to the class during our hike back to the foot of the Morteratsch Glacier. Photo Credit: Steffi Eger 196 Trip Itinerary August 12th…………Arrival in Zurich, Switzerland in the morning Meet group at 2 pm for on-site orientation, followed by city tour Study Topics: Charlemagne and his influence in the Alpine region; from Roman city to world financial center Overnight in Zurich August 13th…………Drive via Ruinalta, Viamala and Zillis to Montespluga Study topics: Rhine canyon and Flims landslide; gorges and Roman roads; language divides; Sistine of the Alps Presentation: Streams of the Alps / Church of St.