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MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF

with Particular Attention to the COVID-19 Epidemic

This Analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on Human Rights in the Republic of Serbia has been carried out within the "Surge II" initiative of the United Nations Office for Human Rights (OHCHR) This publication was prepared with the support of the Government of Switzerland within the Project entitled ‘’Support to Improve Social Inclusion in the Republic of Serbia’’ Photographs: Design: MaxNova gender of thepersons they relate to. grammatical gender cover both themaleandfemale All terms usedinthepublication inthemasculine or theGovernment of Switzerland. views of theGovernment of theRepublic of Serbia, This publication doesnot represent the official Vojin Ivkov METHODOLOGY GOALS OFTHE MAPPING AND 2 1 Minorities in the RS,2019, available at: Implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National 2019), available at: Annual reports of the European Commissionon the Progress of Serbia,(2006- Overview of the UnitedNations HumanRights Mechanisms,available at: ljudskaprava.gov.rs/sh/node/21795 possibilities for socialdistancing). protection (protective equipment, sanitation, drinking water, electricity, sewerage) and virus essential services for basiclivingneeds(safe those without sustainable incomeor access to poorest sectionsof the Roma community – emerged that have particularly affected the the coronavirus. Additionally, new risks have more exacerbated with the emergence of some of the risks thought to have become marginalization, andsocialexclusion are just socio-economic Discrimination, widespread national minority in the Republic of Serbia. extremely vulnerable positionof the Roma at: sion, housing,andemployment of Roma men and women inSerbia,available https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/ENACARegion/Pages/RSIndex.aspx rights mechanisms Reports arising from the review of UNhuman realization of the rights of national minorities,available at: godisnji-izvestaji-ek en/16809943b6 sources http://europa.rs/eu-support-for-roma-in-serbia/?lang=en 2 have continuously highlighted the , Reports on the implementation of the Action Plan for the https://www.mei.gov.rs/srp/dokumenta/eu-dokumenta/ , Councilof Europe, Fourth Periodic Report on the 1 as well asother relevant , IPA programs andprojects for the inclu https://rm.coe.int/4th-op-serbia- https://www.

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MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 3 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 4 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC 702 of Serbia settlements in the Republic substandard Roma Total number of mapped 94 settlements mapped substandard Roma territoryon whose are self-government units Total number of local 3 withdrawn on May 6, 2020 through the Decision to Lift the State of Emergen to Declare aState of Emergency (“Official Gazette of RS”, No.29/20), and was COVID-19 pandemiccameinto effect onMarch 15, 2020 through the Decision In the Republic of Serbia the State of Emergency issuedinresponse to the March until the endof September, 2020. cy (“Official Gazette of RS”, No. 65/2020). The process of mappinglasted from emergency Following the declaration of the state of greater marginalization andpoverty. additional risks of exclusion, perhaps to even rights and leading to the emergence of representing violations of their basichuman and the associated restrictions onmovement, exposed due to the appearance of coronavirus the most vulnerable Roma populations were of mapping the risks to which residents of of Roma Coordinators, initiated ajoint process of the Republic of Serbiaand the Association and Poverty Reduction Unitof the Government Team, incooperation with the SocialInclusion epidemic, the UnitedNations HumanRights 3 inresponse to the COVID-19 167,975 Roma settlements of the mappedsubstandard Total number of inhabitants - „ „ 4 a particularly marginalized category of the population inSerbia. Development, in which Roma menand women are recognized as itoring the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable tem (the so-calledGISdatabase) onRoma settlements andmon tremely important for updating the geographic information sys vulnerable of the Roma population. Inaddition, these data are ex recovery measures for, andpreventing future risks to, the most and data shouldalsoserve asagoodstarting point for planning with the principleof Leave NoOneBehind(LNOB). These efforts for collecting data in a humanrights-based format in accordance response to these pressing needs that have served as the impetus It is these increased risks and the need for anadequate and timely 5 7 6 „ „ In the period from the endof March to the middleof Septem The mappingencompassedsubstandard sdg_srbija_lat.pdf access to opportunitiesin virtually allareas, suchasbasicrights, health,edu they are recognized asacategory of the Serbianpopulation facing limited Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in which , as well asin The Voluntary NationalReport of the Republic of Serbiaon the National Development and Agenda 2030:SupportingPolicies for Progress, Roma menand women are includedin the MAPSMissionReports onSerbia criteria asessential to their identification: 1)inadequate access to drinking wa The UnitedNations definition of substandard settlements lists the following risks from coronavirus infection. of the emergence of additionalor increasing existing health inhabitants of these settlements, especially in the context The mappingalsoincluded the predominant activitiesof the water andsewage, electricity, andsustainable livelihoods. mapped substandard Roma settlements to safe drinking for data collection included the access of residents of the Roma national minority. The categorical criteriaemployed in Serbiainhabitedalmost exclusively by membersof the obtained data, were found to beonly occasionally staying in the settlements This number does not includeabout35,000-50,000 people who, basedon the inhabited by the Roma population. nicipalities of Ćićevac, Petrovac naMlavi, andSečanj that are predominantly Roma menand women, there are nosettlements on the territory of the mu obtained from the established institutional mechanisms for the inclusionof of andof Central andSouthernSerbia. According to the information grade, as well asasmallnumber of settlements inrural areas in the territories Data are missing for somecity municipalities in the territory of the City of Bel and legalrelations over the buildingsand/or the landof the settlement). status of the buildingson the respective plots (includingunresolved property of alarge number of membersper household;and5)uncertainty of the legal of the average population density per unitarea of the settlement, i.e., in terms are potentially dangerous to the safety of residents); 4) overcrowding, in terms materials; also, housingunitsindisrepair due to poor maintenance, etc., which built usinginadequate construction techniques and/or poor construction and other communalservices); 3)poor quality of housingunits(housing ture (sewage network or septic tanks, traffic network, water supply network, ter; 2) inadequate access to sanitation andother relevant forms of infrastruc cation, housing, employment, andlivingstandards, available at: ment unitsandinhabitedby approximately 167,975 people. ments were collectedona total of 702substandard Roma settle ber 2020, based on the previously mentioned criteria, data 2030%20za%20odrzivi%20razvoj.pdf izvestaj%20Republike%20Srbije%20o%20sprovodjenju%20Agende%20 skgo.org/storage/app/media/uploaded-files/Dobrovoljni%20nacionalni%20 6 located within the territories of 94 local self-govern

; http://sdg.indikatori.rs/media/1500/ 5 settlements settlements http://www. - 4 7 ------10 RESULTS ANDFINDINGS tional information. cal civilsociety organizations, andcommunitiesprovided addi communication with representatives of local governments, lo drawn from several available sources (9.2%). Inaddition,direct ciety organizations (Roma andnon-Roma) or activists (4%), and and women at the level of localself-government units. lished institutional mechanisms for the inclusionof Roma men habitants, andrisks were obtained in86%of cases from estab The data onsubstandard Roma settlements, their number of in 9 8 lacked suchdata, information was collected from localcivilso such mechanisms were not inplaceor where localgovernments Housing Development in the Republic of Serbia-Startingpoint for the Nation organizations active during the epidemic and the state of emergency inmoni COVID-19 epidemicon vulnerable groups from the perspective of civilsociety of the Republic of SerbiaconductedinJune 2020 to assess the impactof the and the Team for SocialInclusionandPoverty Reduction of the Government (supported by the Officeof the HighCommissioner for HumanRights OHCHR) Results of ajoint survey of the UnitedNations Team in the Republic of Serbia files/20190529-serbia-report.pdf index.php/izvestaji/posebnii-izvestaji/6608-19 coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19), available at: in the state of emergency and the implementation of measures due to the Protector of Citizens with recommendations: ConditionsinRoma settlements and organizations representing vulnerable groups; SpecialReport of the toring humanrights andproviding support to certaingroups of the population available at: al HousingStrategy: HousingExclusion andHousing for Vulnerable Groups, able at: European CommissionSerbia2019Report, pages.30, 78, 83,and89, avail of Roma issues,etc. Service; Office for the Inclusionof Roma Menand Women, Councilor incharge representatives of the Center for Social Work and the National Employment coordinators for Roma issues,pedagogicalassistants, healthmediators, The Mobile Team for the Inclusionof Roma Menand Women, which includes majorityofthe year). covered by the mapping(they mostly work abroad, where they spend the sustainable sources of income,etc. and sewerage), education andhealthservices, and utilities(electricity, safe drinking water, face alack of access to basic infrastructure Roma settlements in Serbia, whose inhabitants inadequacy of livingconditionsinsubstandard the outbreak of coronavirus indicate the Analyses andreports from the periodbefore health andsocio-economicrisks. this category of the population, both in terms of increasing the vulnerabilitycontributed to of emergence of the coronavirus has further https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/ https://www.mgsi.gov.rs/lat/dokumenti ; Analysis of Conditions for Sustainable https://www.ombudsman.rs/ 10

. 9 The The 8 Where Where ------

MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 5 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 6 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC substandard Roma settlements by localself-government unitson whose territory are mapped Map of the Republic of Serbia(cross-sectional data) -number of inhabitants livinginmapped Figure 1. Total number of inhabitants livinginmappedsubstandard Roma settlements Paraćin Bač Vladičin Han Vršac Beočin Zaječar Šabac Pančevo Kruševac Žabalj Bor Požarevac Niš Beograd 43,944 11,830 4,480 4,400 2,000 2,400 4,200 8,409 2,200 2,083 3,664 3,025 2,220 3,245 3,535 3,665 2,335 3,780 1,800 3,783 1,400 1,400 2,740 1,200 1,690 2,041 1,335 1,462 3,145 1,570 3,126 1,681 1,190 1,152 Preševo Kanjiža Požega Bela Crkva Pećinci Vrnjačka Banja Trstenik Vrbas Odžaci Kuršumlija Aranđelovac Kovačica Knjaževac Novi Bečej Ub Bogatić 1,082 1,033 1,065 1,095 1,032 1,010 800 800 868 300 300 300 1,111 420 368 586 385 390 453 920 920 422 662 924 629 857 507 270 357 375 401 770 315 612 Sremski Ada Osečina Raška Kučevo Gadžin Han Merošina Mali Iđoš Užice Trgovište Žitište Lučani Karlovci 167,975 substandard Roma settlements Inhabitants of the mapped

240 268 264 227 168 160 130 210 210 120 124 153 162 251 147 181 101 110 40 30 58 45 62 25 12 8 from 12,000 to 43,999 from 3,500 to 11,999 from 1,400 to 3,499 from 800 to 1,399 from 300 to 799 from 100 to 299 99 up to self-government unit Roma settlements by local the mappedsubstandard Number of inhabitants of APATIN BAČ ODŽACI MALI ORNIK SOMBOR LONICA LUBOIA MITROICA SREMSKA BOGATIĆ OSEČINA BEOČIN ABAC PRIBO MALI IĐOŠ SUBOTICA UŽICE RBAS LADIMIRCI KOCELEA SRBOBRAN ALEO KARLOCI SREMSKI NOI SAD NOVI BEČEJ RUMA ŽABALJ POŽEGA UB KANJIŽA PEĆINCI LUČANI MIONICA ADA KIKINDA LAKOAC ARANĐELOVAC BEOGRAD NOI PAAR RAKA PAOA STARA RENANIN LIG NOA CRNA KOVAČICA OPOO KRALEO ŽITIŠTE BANA VRNJAČKA TOPOLA PANČEVO SMEDEREO KRAGUEAC ALEKSANDROAC PALANKA SMEDERESKA ALIBUNAR BRUS TRSTENIK KURUMLIA ARARIN AGODINA BELA CRKA KOIN SILANAC KRUEAC POŽAREVAC PARAĆIN RAC PROKUPLE BONIK BLACE ALEKSINAC PREEO DESPOTOAC LEBANE MEROINA KUČEVO BUANOAC LESKOAC RANE DOLEAC NI BOLEAC LASOTINCE TRGOITE VLADIČIN HAN GADŽIN HAN KNJAŽEVAC ZAJEČAR SRLIG SURDULICA BOR BOSILEGRAD BELA PALANKA PIROT

MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 7 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 8 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC units on whose territory are mappedsubstandard Roma settlements Map of the Republic of Serbia(cross-sectional data) -localself-government Figure 2. Total number of mappedsubstandard Roma settlements Vladičin Han Požarevac Kanjiža Žabalj Valjevo Prokuplje Loznica Aranđelovac Vlasotince Svrljig Stara Pazova Sremska Mitrovica Pančevo Palanka Smederevska Požega Kučevo Kovin Gadžin Han Doljevac Vrbas Vranje Kragujevac Niš Leskovac Bor Bogatić Vršac Lebane Ub Pirot Šabac Bojnik Beograd 122 34 25 10 10 10 14 14 14 16 13 12 12 12 21 21 17 11 11 11 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 7 7 7 Apatin Ada Zrenjanin Trstenik Surdulica Odžaci Merošina Kruševac Blace Bela Palanka Bela Crkva Žitište Subotica Mionica Kuršumlija Koceljeva Brus Bač Vrnjačka Banja Varvarin Ruma Pećinci Ljubovija Lučani Aleksinac Smederevo Paraćin Novi Sad Novi Bečej Kraljevo Lajkovac Bujanovac Alibunar Vladimirci 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 7 Zaječar Užice Trgovište Svilajnac Sombor Priboj Osečina Opovo Novi Pazar Nova Crnja Mali Iđoš Ljig Kovačica Kikinda Bosilegrad Beočin Aleksandrovac Topola Srbobran Raška Preševo Mali Zvornik Knjaževac Jagodina Despotovac Boljevac 702 in the Republic of Serbia substandard Roma settlements Total number of mapped 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 self-government unit Roma settlements by local Number of mappedsubstandard from 35 to 124 from 15 to 34 from 7 to 14 from 3 to 6 2 up to APATIN BAČ ODŽACI MALI ORNIK SOMBOR LONICA LUBOIA MITROICA SREMSKA BOGATIĆ OSEČINA BEOČIN ABAC PRIBO MALI IĐOŠ SUBOTICA UŽICE RBAS LADIMIRCI KOCELEA SRBOBRAN ALEO KARLOCI SREMSKI NOI SAD NOVI BEČEJ RUMA ŽABALJ POŽEGA UB KANJIŽA PEĆINCI LUČANI MIONICA ADA KIKINDA LAKOAC ARANĐELOVAC BEOGRAD NOI PAAR RAKA PAOA STARA RENANIN LIG NOA CRNA KOVAČICA OPOO KRALEO ŽITIŠTE BANA VRNJAČKA TOPOLA PANČEVO SMEDEREO KRAGUEAC ALEKSANDROAC PALANKA SMEDERESKA ALIBUNAR BRUS TRSTENIK KURUMLIA ARARIN AGODINA BELA CRKA KOIN SILANAC KRUEAC POŽAREVAC PARAĆIN RAC PROKUPLE BONIK BLACE ALEKSINAC PREEO DESPOTOAC LEBANE MEROINA KUČEVO BUANOAC LESKOAC RANE DOLEAC NI BOLEAC LASOTINCE TRGOITE VLADIČIN HAN GADŽIN HAN KNJAŽEVAC ZAJEČAR SRLIG SURDULICA BOR BOSILEGRAD BELA PALANKA PIROT

MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 9 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 10 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC 12 11 break, the lack of access to safe drinking water, food storage, tion are the stated aimsof Sustainable Development Goal6 concerning humanrights anteed by the provisions of numerous international treaties The human right to safe drinking water is recognized andguar ACCESS TOSAFEWATER 13 Serbia human rights mechanismshave beenissued to the Republic of guarantees, numerous recommendations of the UnitedNations hygienic conditions for all. Regarding the fulfillment of these drinking water for allandadequate andequalsanitary and achieving universal and equal access to safe and affordable which designates anumber of important targets, including sanitation andhygiene for alland endopendefecation, paying specialatten water for all, target 6.2-By 2030, achieve access to adequate andequitable 2030, achieve universal andequitableaccess to safe andaffordable drinking Sustainable Development Goals,SDG6- Water andSanitation, target 6.1 -By Assembly on the HumanRight to Water (64/292), from 2010. 4: The Right to Adequate Housing;Resolution of the UnitedNations General The right to the highest attainable standard of health,General Comment No. Rights, General Comment No. 15: The Right to Water, General Comment No. 14: Child (Article 24, paragraph 2); Committee onEconomic, Social,andCultural Against Women (Article 14, paragraph 2.);Convention on the Rights of the paragraph 2); Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination paragraph 1,andrelated provisions of Article 12,paragraph 1,and Article 2, International Covenant onEconomic, Social,andCultural Rights (Article 11, (54.26%) 51 irregular access access to safe drinking water or whose inhabitants hadeither no substandard Roma settlements territory weredocumented government unitson whose Number (%)of localself- able at: tion to the needs of women andgirls those in vulnerable situations, avail Rapporteur on Adequate Housing,para. 42,95, 100(b)(V). second and third periodicreports of Serbia,para. 51- 52,Report of the Special on the Rights of the Child(CRC), Concludingobservations on the combined Rights on the SecondPeriodic Report of Serbia,para. 31- 32;UNCommittee Concluding Observations of the CommitteeonEconomic, Social,andCultural 13 which unequivocally indicate that even before the out http://sdg.indikatori.rs/sr-latn/area/clean-water-and-sanitation/ 11 . Inaddition,safe water andsanita (22.65%) 159 access safe drinking water or irregular as having either noaccess to inhabitants weredocumented settlements whose Roma Number (%)of substandard

- 12 - - - - , was defined ashaving aregular connection to the public water For the purposes of this mapping, access to safe drinking water prevention andprotection against infection. institutions on the implementation of hygienic measures for ments, especially in fulfilling those recommendations of health posing additional challenges to the inhabitants of these settle of the COVID-19 virus has exacerbated these existing risks, risks of infectious, chronic, andother diseases. The appearance tlements, who have been continuously exposed to increased in general andparticularly for residents of numerous Roma set and personalhygiene was a very seriousproblem for residents 14 Roma settlement “Čukarička šuma,” available at: regarding the urgent need to provide water andcontrol coronavirus in the Economic andSocialRights A11 to the European Courtandlocalauthorities due to the coronavirus epidemic(COVID-19); Appeal of the Initiative for settlements in the state of emergency and the implementation of measures of the Protector of Citizens with recommendations: ConditionsinRoma population andorganizations representing vulnerable groups; SpecialReport in monitoringhumanrights andproviding support to certaingroups of the society organizations active during the epidemicand the state of emergency the COVID-19 epidemicon vulnerable groups from the perspective of civil of the Republic of Serbiaconducted inJune 2020 to assess the impactof and the Team for SocialInclusionandPoverty Reduction of the Government (supported by the Officeof the HighCommissioner for HumanRights OHCHR) Results of ajoint survey of the UnitedNations Team in the Republic of Serbia Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25738&LangID=E water andsanitation, available at: Leo Heller, the SpecialRapporteur on the humanrights to safe drinking cukarickoj-sumi/ od-lokalnih-vlasti-u-beogradu-minimum-uslova-za-zivot-300-roma-u- org/evropski-sud-za-ljudska-prava-uputio-a-11-inicijativu-da-zahteva- org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25727&LangID=E Special Rapporteur onadequate housing,available at: (19.55%) 32,843 irregular access access to safe drinking water or documented ashaving either no settlements whowere Roma of the 159substandard Number (%)of inhabitants https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/ https://www.a11initiative. 14 https://www.ohchr. , Leilani Farha, UN , - - inhabited by 3,599residents, indicated having Finally, ina total of 9localself-government units,allof the 38mappedsubstandard Roma settlements located on their territory, ments, inhabitedby at least 32,843 people(19.55%), demon Based on the collecteddata, 159substandard Roma settle approval of the competent service. having aconnection to the water supply network without the Irregular access to the water supply network was defined as id regulations, and access to public fountains in yards or parks. building permitsand/or not maintained inaccordance with val water, those built without proper technical documentation and to wellsexcludes:access supplynetwork,technical with which 15 15 irregular access) not having accessor having only drinking waterothereither the with settlement having access to safe of the inhabitants of the same safe drinking water (one segment settlements with partialaccess to documented substandard Roma territoryon whose units were Number of localself-government 9 access access to safe drinking water or irregular settlements with allindicated ashaving no territoryon whose Roma weremapped Number of localself-government units 35 35 irregular access) not having accessor having only drinking waterothereither the with settlement having access to safe of the inhabitants of the same safe drinking water (one segment settlements with partialaccess to Number of substandard Roma no access to safe drinking water or having irregular access. 38 38 drinking water or irregular access all indicated ashaving noaccess to safe these 9localself-government units, with settlements located on the territory of Number of substandard Roma - - - ments, inhabitedby approximately 11,829 people. The gathered data indicate, irregular access. strated not having access to safe drinking water or having only drinking water- access, was existent in35mappedsubstandard Roma settle with the other either not having accessor having only irregular of the samesettlement having access to safe drinking water 3,779 3,779 11,829 irregular access drinking wateror safe access to inhabitants without irregular access) other either not having accessor having only having access to safe drinking water with the of the inhabitants of the samesettlement access to safe drinking water (one segment substandard Roma settlements with partial Number of inhabitants of the 35mapped defined asonesegment of the inhabitants 3,599 3,599 irregular access no access to safe drinking water or substandard Roma settlements having Number of peoplelivingin these 38 that partialaccess to safe drinking water drinking safe access to inhabitants with 8,050 -

MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 11 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 12 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC by 2020of access to adequate andequitablesanitation andhy Goal (SDG) 6,especially target 6.2,regarding the achievement of living), is guaranteed by various human rights instruments, ic conditions(derived from the right to anadequate standard The right to sanitation andaccess to other sanitary andhygien SEWERAGE NETWORK ACCESS TOTHE 15 equate hygienic conditionsisrecognized asacriticalelement of living in very poor hygienic conditions. The establishment of ad to the sewerage network or irregular access,evidencing their 457 substandard Roma settlements indicated having noaccess Over 55%of the population (approximately 93,050 people) from able situations. attention to the needsof women andgirls those in vulner giene for alland the endingof opendefecation, paying special 16 rights mechanisms and their importanceisindicated by the UnitedNations human (65.10%) 457 network sewerageirregular access tothe indicated having noaccessor residents settlements whose Number (%)of substandard Roma Comment No. 4: The right to adequate housingstates that the right to ade paragraph1); The CommitteeonEconomic, SocialandCultural Rights, General International Covenant onEconomic, Social,andCultural Rights (Article 11, Mission to Serbia,para. 42,82. standard of living, andon the right to non-discrimination in this context, Rapporteur onadequate housingasacomponent of the right to anadequate Rights on the SecondPeriodic Report of Serbia,para. 31; Report of the Special Concluding Observations of the CommitteeonEconomic, Social,andCultural Rights (Article 12). hygienic conditions;International Covenant onEconomic, Social,andCultural housing and,correspondingly, to safe water, sanitation, other sanitary and health asanimportant element of the right to healthand the right to adequate The sameCommitteerecognizes the right to the highest possiblestandard of sarily impliesadequate access to sewerage, andGeneral Comment No. 14: quate housingbelongs to everyone and that, amongother things, itneces 16 as well asby Sustainable Developmental network access or irregular access to the sewerage Roma settlements who indicated having no Number (%)of inhabitants of substandard (55.04%) 93,050 - - 15 - - - -

For the purposesof this mapping,access to the sewerage net the approval of the competent service. fined ashaving aconnection to the sewerage network without regulations. Irregular access to the sewerage network was de permits and/or not maintained inaccordance with applicable built without appropriate technical documentation andbuilding sewage network, which excludes: connections to septic tanks work was defined ashaving aregular connection to the public tion anditseffective prevention. one of the indispensablepreconditions for the control of infec health care and,in the context of the coronavirus outbreak, as 17 and sanitation, available at: Leo Heller, the SpecialRapporteur on the humanrights to safe drinking water Rapporteur onadequate housing,available at DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25738&LangID=E, NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25727&LangID=E access to the seweragenetworkaccess tothe indicated having noaccessor irregular Roma settlements whose inhabitants substandard territoryin whichwhose are Number (%)of localself-government units (87.23%) 82 https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/ 17

: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ Leilani Farha, UNSpecial , - - - settlements, inhabitedby 12,211people. same settlement having accessand the other having noaccessor irregular access, was indicated in22mappedsubstandard Roma network or irregular access. where allindicated having either on the territory of a total of 31 localself-government units, Finally, the mapping found 163substandard Roma settlements information,obtainedAccording tothe 31 31 network or irregular access indicated having noaccess to the sewerage Roma settlements located on their territory in which allof the mappedsubstandard Number of localself-government units 13 access) other having noaccessor irregular settlement having accessand the of the inhabitants of the same to the sewerage network (one part indicated ashaving partialaccess substandard Roma settlements on whose territory are units there Number of localself-government and the schedulingof medicalexaminations only online or by phone. unaffordable priceof protective equipment asanecessary precondition for access to healthinstitutions, of the work of health mediators on the territory of the whole of Serbia during the state of emergency, the the inhabitants of substandard Roma settlements. This isevidenced most significantly in the suspension The outbreak of coronavirus hasendangered the right to healthandaccess to appropriate healthcare of no access to the sewerageaccess tothe no partialaccess to the sewerage network - 22 22 access) having noaccessor irregular having accessand the other inhabitants of the samesettlement network (one part of the sewerage access tothe partial settlements indicated ashaving Number of substandard Roma 163 163 sewerage network or irregular access indicated ashaving noaccess to the of 31 localself-government unitsall on theterritory located settlements Number of substandard Roma 8,495 8,495 12,211 access) access and the other having noaccessor irregular of the inhabitants of the samesettlement having partial access to the sewerage network (one part substandard Roma settlements indicated ashaving Number of inhabitants of the 22mapped irregular access as having noaccessor inhabitants of indicated defined asonepartof the inhabitants of the 24,192 24,192 sewerage network or irregular access indicated ashaving noaccess to the substandard Roma settlements Number of peoplelivingin the 31 having access inhabitants indicated as 3,716

MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 13 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 14 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC 22 21 18 inatory practices inelectricity distribution unaffordable prices, have been documented merous casesof irregular access to electricity sources, and their target 7.1. commitment under Sustainable Development Goal7andits able, andmodernenergy for allisalsoaglobaldevelopment settlements. the poorest sectionsof the Roma community from substandard ed Nations human rights mechanisms, particularly regarding ing remarks andrecommendations of numerous relevant Unit A lack of access to electricity hasbeen the subjectof conclud ELECTRICITY ACCESS TO 20 19 (9.12%) 64 irregular access ed having noaccess to electricity or settlements whose residents indicat Number (%)of substandard Roma at: on the complaint of the residents of Crvena Zvezda from Niš,available See the Opinionof the Commissioner for the Protection of Equality made Rights on the SecondPeriodic Report of Serbia,para. 32. Concluding Observations of the CommitteeonEconomic, Social,andCultural The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Wom sdg.indikatori.rs/sr-latn/area/affordable-and-clean-energy/ access to affordable, reliable andmodernenergy services,available at: Sustainable Development Goals,SDG7, Target 7.1 -By 2030, ensure universal Mission to Serbia,para. 42,82,88, and95. standard of living,andon the right to non-discrimination in this context, Rapporteur onadequate housingasacomponent of the right to anadequate Rights on the SecondPeriodic Report of Serbia,para. 31; Report of the Special Concluding Observations of the CommitteeonEconomic, Social,andCultural the right to adequate housing. possible standard of healthasanimportant element of the right to healthand Comment No. 14: The sameCommitteerecognizes the right to the highest adequate access to electricity for cooking,heating, andlighting, andGeneral ing belongs to everyone and that, amongother things, itnecessarily implies No. 4: The right to adequate housing states that the right to adequate hous The CommitteeonEconomic, Social,andCultural Rights, General Comment Covenant onEconomic, Social,andCultural Rights (Article 11,paragraph1); conditions, particularly inrelation to housing...electricity, etc. International en, in Article 14, paragraph 2(h) guarantees the enjoyment of adequate living ti-pruzanja usluga/ tiv-p-d-j-zbog-diskriminacije-po-osnovu-nacionalne-pripadnosti-u-oblas http://ravnopravnost.gov.rs/rs/prituzba-grupe-gradana-pro- 20 In the most recent periodof evaluation inSerbia,nu 19 Ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustain . 18 - 22 access to electricity or irregular access Roma settlements indicated ashaving no Number (%)of inhabitants of substandard (14.35%) 24,104 . 21 , as have discrim

http:// ------dropout from school for Roma children. the risk of escalating already highrates of non-attendance and to beingdeniedaccess to quality education, further increases that took placeonnational television channels. This, inaddition health, as well as, for school-age children, inaccessingclasses the Government’s prescribed measures for preserving public ing timely andadequate information regarding and the epidemic least congested. This situation was particularly limitinginobtain ity, limited to certain times of day when the electricity network is settlements indicated having noor irregular access to electric (approximately 24,104 people) livingin64substandard Roma Based on the obtained data, 14.35% of the mappedpopulation system bution to electricity was defined asconnection to the electricity distri tem, inaccordance with applicableregulations. Irregular access fined asaregular connection to the electricity distribution sys For the purposesof this mapping,access to electricity was de 23 ments, inhabitedby approximately 17,304 people. cess, was identified in56mappedsubstandard Roma settle having accessand the other having noaccessor irregular ac - defined asonepartof the inhabitants of the samesettlement data, obtainedAccording tothe competent service. the combinedsecond and third periodicreports of Serbia,para. 54-55. UN Committeeon the Rights of the Child(CRC), Concludingobservations on without approval for the connectionof the access to electricity or irregular access located whose residents indicated having no in which substandard Roma settlements are Number (%)of localself-government units (37.23%) 35 partial access to electricity 23 ------where allindicated on the territory of a total of 3localself-government units, Finally, the mapping found 3substandard Roma settlements electricity or irregular access 25 24 23 irregular access) access and the other having noaccessor inhabitants of the samesettlement having access to electricity (one partof the settlements indicated ashaving partial on whose territory are substandard Roma Number of localself-government units

3 electricity or irregular access territory indicated having noaccess to Roma settlements located on their in which allof the mappedsubstandard Number of localself-government units jeopardized their right to education. preconditions for attending onlineclasses(internet, computers, tablets, smartphones), which hasdirectly Roma children from substandard settlements lackingadequate access to electricity andother technical and onlinelearningplatforms. On certaindays of the week or every other week, schoolclasses are to beorganized, while onother days students are to beeducated at adistance usingRTS channels “Official Gazette of RS,” no. 30, March 15, 2020. Decision on the suspensionof teaching inhigher education institutions, secondary andprimary schools,and the regular work of preschool education institutions, channels andinternet learningplatforms, During the state of emergency, educational programs were realized at adistance through RTS television from September 1,2020in various combined formats. having either noaccess to the . 56 5 electricity or irregular access their territory indicated having noaccess to substandard Roma settlements located on ernment units,in which allof the mapped access) other having noaccessor irregular settlement having accessand the part of the inhabitants of the same partial access to electricity (one settlements indicated ashaving Number of substandard Roma located on the territory of 3localself-gov Number of substandard Roma settlements 24

while the implementation of onlineclasses was continued 25 These teaching approaches have excluded 5,365 5,365 17,304 irregular access having noaccessor residents indicated access or irregular access) having accessand the other having no of the inhabitants of the samesettlement having partialaccess to electricity (one part substandard Roma settlements indicated as Number of inhabitants of the 56mapped - 285 285 electricity or irregular access indicated ashaving noaccess to substandard Roma settlements Number of peoplelivingin3 having access residents indicated 11,939

MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 15 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 16 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC electricity ity people, where allindicated having either Also found on the territory of 3localself-government units were 5substandard Roma settlements, inhabitedby approximately 285 14,000 inhabitants, were identified as By cross-referencing the obtained data in 13local self-government units, 44 substandard Roma settlements, inhabited by over 3 network, andelectricity access to safe drinking water, the sewage indicated having noaccessor irregular on theirlocated territorysettlements in the mappedsubstandard Roma Number of localself-government units (13.83%) 13 network, andelectricity cess to safe drinking water, the sewage ed ashaving noaccessor irregular ac substandard Roma settlements indicat units on whose territory are mapped Number (%)of localself-government . . having noaccessor irregular access to safe drinking water, the sewage network, and - no access to or irregular access to clean water, the sewage network, andelectric- - (6.26%) 44 Number (%)of substandard Roma settle network, andelectricity access to safe drinking water, the sewage indicated having noaccessor irregular self-government units whose inhabitants ments located on the territory of 13local and electricity or irregular access drinking water, the sewage network, indicated ashaving noaccess to safe of the 3localself-government units on theterritory located settlements Number of substandard Roma 5 - 285 285 electricity or irregular access drinking water, the sewage network, and indicated having noaccess to safe substandard Roma settlements who Number of inhabitants of the 5 (8.34%) 14,001 electricity water, the sewage network, and irregular access to safe drinking indicated ashaving noaccessor 44 substandard Roma settlements Number (%)of inhabitants of the

N from 10,000 to 32,999 from 1,400 to 9,999 from 800 to 1399 from 300 to 799 299 up to substandard Roma settlements Number of residents of the mapped BAČ ODŽACI RN R N R R BOGATIĆ OSEČINA BEOČIN MALI IĐOŠ R R RRN R R N NOVI BEČEJ R ŽABALJ POŽEGA KANJIŽA PEĆINCI LUČANI N N ARANĐELOVAC R N R R R RNNN N RN KOVAČICA R ŽITIŠTE N VRNJAČKA PANČEVO R R N R NR R RN R water, 2) sewerage network, 3)electricity. that have noaccessor irregular access to; 1)safe drinking of inhabitants of the mappedsubstandard Roma settlements mapped substandard Roma settlements, showing the number data) - A Mapof the Republic of Serbia’s (cross-referenced RRN N R N R POŽAREVAC PARAĆIN local self-government unitson whose territory are R R N N N RN KUČEVO N RN N N VLADIČIN HAN GADŽIN HAN R R R N R

MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 17 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 18 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC settlements substandard Roma territory are mapped self-government on whose Individual unitof local Beograd Leskovac Niš Vranje Požarevac Bujanovac Novi Sad Surdulica Pirot Bor Subotica Smederevo Bojnik Prokuplje Apatin Žabalj Kragujevac Kovin Kruševac Pančevo Šabac Valjevo Beočin Vršac Aleksinac Vladičin Han Vlasotince safe drinking watersafe access or irregular access to settlements who have no mapped substandard Roma Number of residents of the 11,159 950 5,150 302 100 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 18 380 525 0 0 42 220 1,000 2,083 1,791 0 153 1,350 200 110 the sewerage network access or irregular access to settlements who have no mapped substandard Roma Number of residents of the 32,004 2,850 5,380 345 2,670 400 3,783 260 1,170 1,491 50 545 1,309 435 525 2,740 75 2,335 220 2,100 2,083 1,791 1,260 1,204 1,604 1,400 212 electricity access or irregular access to settlements who have no mapped substandard Roma Number of residents of the 10,361 1,359 4,749 5 0 0 255 0 0 0 0 500 0 286 0 1,130 0 42 20 1,250 0 0 0 153 967 360 0 Nova Crnja Bač Sombor Paraćin Lebane Alibunar Kraljevo Doljevac Koceljeva Loznica Sremska Mitrovica Bogatić Ruma Smederevska Palanka Stara Pazova Ub Novi Bečej Kovačica Lajkovac Aranđelovac Srbobran Kuršumlija Odžaci Vrbas Zrenjanin Trstenik Vrnjačka Banja Pećinci Bela Crkva Požega Mionica 0 0 360 0 338 9 275 930 0 513 0 535 145 55 0 0 0 0 300 0 189 335 480 177 453 250 0 0 95 10 215 1,400 1,335 1,200 227 447 909 201 421 885 1,033 976 1,010 924 365 665 868 690 800 468 263 629 335 480 507 453 320 296 224 385 36 353 0 0 0 71 12 0 5 79 0 590 662 0 145 39 30 0 0 0 11 9 0 0 0 66 0 250 0 0 310 10 4

MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 19 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 20 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC Vladimirci Ukupno: Varvarin Kanjiža Boljevac Kikinda Merošina Gadžin Han Kučevo Novi Pazar Svrljig Raška Osečina Ljubovija Ljig Ada Brus Sremski Karlovci Despotovac Lučani Topola Žitište Opovo Mali Zvornik Mali Iđoš 32,843 120 125 0 0 0 188 0 0 240 0 63 210 25 168 160 19 147 130 0 0 0 0 20 8 93,050 357 315 282 100 300 268 242 139 240 29 99 210 181 168 160 19 147 130 67 120 58 45 20 8 24,104 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58 0 147 130 0 0 0 0 0 8 26 level, nor from relevant activists due to the lack of such records. of civilsociety organizations (Roma andnon-Roma) at the local level of local self-government units,nor from representatives mechanisms for the inclusionof Roma menand women at the pations couldnot becollected from the established institutional substandard Roma settlements were engaged in certainoccu phasized that precise data onhow many individualsof mapped tion hadmadeon this category of the population. Itmust beem ommendations of numerous UN human rights mechanisms anteed by numerous international humanrights instruments cient for anadequate standard of living The human right to decent work settlements the residents of the mappedRoma income / the primary occupations of Access to sustainable sources of men and women are the subjectof concludingremarks andrec sources of income and work in the informal economy of Roma 28 27 29 forall workers. value, and the promotion of asafe andsecure work environment decent work for all women and men, equal pay for work of equal targets aimedat achieving full andproductive employment and as well asby Sustainable Development Goal8itsnumerous the coronavirus and the impact that measures to control infec including in the context of existent risks andnew risks posedby of the mappedsubstandard settlements primarily engagedin, The mappingcollecteddata on which activities the inhabitants from informal settlements. especially regarding the poorest strata of the Roma community 30 for personaldevelopment andsocialintegration, freedom for people to ex security in the workplace andsocialprotection for families, better prospects Decent work isdefined as work that isproductive anddelivers a fair income, 7; International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of RacialDiscrimi International Covenant onEconomic, Social,andCultural Rights, Articles 6and her livingconditions. clothing, andaccommodation, as well as the continuous improvement of his/ of livingadequate for his/himself andhis/her family, includingadequate food, Social, andCultural Rights recognize the right of every person to astandard The provisions of Article 11.1 of the International Covenant onEconomic, the right to non-discrimination in this context, Mission to Serbia, Para. 8 housing asacomponent of the right to anadequate standard of living,andon of Serbia,Para. 35, 36,39-44; Report of the SpecialRapporteur onadequate nation against Women, Concludingobservations on the fourth periodic report Sustainable Development Goals,SDG8, available at: 32; tion against Women, Article11; UNCommitteeon the Rights of the Child, Article nation, Article 5(e)(i); Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimina International Labour Organization, available at: their lives, andequality of opportunity and treatment for all women andmen, press their concerns,organize andparticipate in the decisions that affect periodic report of Serbia,Para. 15;Committeeon the Elimination of Discrimi UN HumanRights Committee(HRC), Concludingobservations on the third Rights on the SecondPeriodic Report of Serbia,Para. 11-13, 17, 22,24, 28; Concluding Observations of the CommitteeonEconomic, Social,andCultural topics/decent-work/lang--en/index.htm sr-latn/area/decent-work-and-economic-growth/ 29 The problematic lack of access to sustainable 26 so as to provide income suffi

27 https://www.ilo.org/global/ isrecognized andguar

http://sdg.indikatori.rs/ - - 30 - 28 ------,

the poorest layers of the Roma population. price of protective equipment anddisinfectants, especially for Their risk of infection was alsoescalated by the unaffordable come, further increasing their vulnerability andrisk of poverty. of substandard Roma settlements without basicsources of in measures to combat it,leaving ahighpercentage of residents new risks associated with infection and the implementation of isting risks, alsocontributed to the emergence of completely Thus, the onset of the epidemic,inaddition to intensifying ex raw materials), were left largely without asource of income. potentially contaminated raw materials (collection of secondary risk upon the onset of the coronavirus due to daily contact with etc.), including those whose activities were assessedashigh (affecting trade, market sales, seasonalandcraft jobs,music, implementation of measures aimedat protecting publichealth partially or completely) by restrictions onmovement and by the coronavirus, all those whose activities were disabled(either With the impositionof measures for protection against the was indicated as work inpubliccompanies,mostly utilities. disability insurance. In11.4% of settlements, the primary activity out access to sustainable sources of incomeor to pensionand informal economy, itleaves the workers and their families with vices. As nearly all these activitiesare largely carriedoutin the in about25settlements were engagedinproviding craft ser about 66 settlements were engaged in music, and residents and market salesas their primary activities, the inhabitants of inhabitants of about255settlements were engagedin trade proximately 90settlements listing this as the primary form. The predominant forms of labor in over 350 settlements, with ap collection of secondary raw materials was listed asoneof the was engagedinseasonallabor as their primary occupation. The mapped settlements, the largest percentage of the population ities, primarily in the informal economy. Inalmost 81%of the substandard Roma settlements was engaged in various activ Based on the data obtained, the population of the mapped ------

MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 21 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 22 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC 31

population. were significantly higher than the rest of the that the risks to their healthandof infection ways. Finally, 62%of respondents believed protect themselves independently, indifferent responded that theymanaged to 58% had collecting secondary raw materials, while having usedany protective equipment when epidemic, 23%of respondents indicated not the useof protective equipment during the organizations, and various donors. Regarding self-government units,non-governmental while 24% hadrelied onaidreceived from local materials hadresorted to borrowing money, of the surveyed collectorsof secondary raw living needs to any degree. Consequently, 68% reason for not beingable to meet their basic with 46%of respondents stating this as the emergency or performed them only sporadically, suspend all their activitiesduring the state of prior to the coronavirus epidemic.80%had to much more difficult financial situation than 86% of respondents found themselves ina Commissioner for HumanRights) show that of the Officeof the UnitedNations High the UNHumanRights Team (with the support Ipsos Strategic Marketing at the request of Survey of the work of employees in the informal economy with specialref June-July, 2020. erence to the work of collectorsof secondary raw materials, conductedin in the Informal Economy The results of the survey COVID-19 andWork income. an adequate standard of livingandsustainable employed in the informal economy to provide inhabitants of substandard Roma settlements devastating impacton the ability of the The coronavirus epidemichashadaparticularly

31 conductedby - tary NationalReview of the Republic of Serbiaon the Imple for Advancing SDGProgress inSerbia,as well asin The Volun Serbia able Development. Thus, in the report of the MAPSMission to reports on the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustain only in the findings of UNhumanrights mechanismsbutalsoin most vulnerable andmarginalized socialgroups inSerbia,not The Roma national minority hasbeenrecognized asoneof the Leave NoOneBehind Development and the principleof Agenda 2030 for Sustainable tained, inclusive, andsustainable economicgrowth, full and sustainable, andmodernenergy for all(SDG 7),promoting sus for all(SDG 6), providing universal access to affordable, reliable, ability andsustainable management of water andsanitation empowerment for all women andgirls(SDG 5),ensuringavail quality education for all(SDG 4), achieving gender equality and well-being (SDG 3), ensuring access to inclusive and equitable providing access to food (SDG 2), ensuringhealthy lives and tainable development goals aimed at ending poverty (SDG 1), a particularly negative impacton the realization of those sus tlements are exposed due to the outbreak of coronavirus have of risks to which Roma men and women from substandard set one will be left out. The current situation and the multiplication ter, more prosperous, safer, and more stable world in which no reached in2015by countries with the goalof creating abet for Sustainable Development, alandmark globalconsensus pandemic, on the realization of the goalsof the 2030 Agenda of all these risks, which have been further exacerbated by the In this regard, we must not losesight of the negative impact ployment, andlivingstandards. such as fundamental rights, health,education, housing,em which faces limitedaccess to opportunitiesin virtually allareas, it isstated that Roma are acategory of the Serbianpopulation mentation of the 2020 Agenda for Sustainable Development, National Development and2030 Agenda: Policy Support ------productive employment, anddecent work for all(SDG 8), reduc with both civilsociety and the UnitedNations. region andrepresents anexample of successful cooperation Review. The NMRF inSerbiaisoneof the most effective in the of the relevant instruments and within the Universal Periodic according totheterms bodies competent monitoring through ments andisimplementing goodpractice initsreporting and ratified eight of the ninekey international humanrights instru proaches to humanrights issues, the Government of Serbiahas alization of allitsgoalsand targets. Regarding fundamental ap potential to make asignificant contribution to the successful re powerment of vulnerable groups, including the Roma, has the is basedonhumanrights, the successful engagement andem Mechanism isof great importance.Given that the 2030 Agenda Implementation of the Recommendations of the UnitedNations tional Mechanisms for Reporting andMonitoring(NMRF) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the work of the Na Finally, for monitoringprogress in the implementation of the its financing. and of drafting the National Strategy for Sustainable Development itoring, andnoprogress hasbeenmadeinstarting the process not yet beendefined, nor have national indicators for their mon cal Officeof the Republic of Serbia, thus far these prioritieshave being involved inmonitoring the implementation of the Statisti MAPS mission, the submittingof a voluntary national report and with representatives of alllineministries, the organizing of the of Serbiacoordinated by the Interdepartmental Working Group the institutional mechanismof the Government of the Republic been madein the past few years, suchas the constitution of ing at the national andlocallevels. Although someprogress has national level, as well as to develop indicators for their monitor tainable development, itisessential to define prioritiesat the the 2030 Agenda and the achievement of its17goalsof sus For monitoring the achievement of the national realization of tive, accountable, andinclusive institutions at alllevels (SDG 16). velopment, providing access to justice for allandbuildingeffec promoting peaceful andinclusive societies for sustainable de well as the improvement of irregular settlements (SDG 11),and adequate, safe, andaffordable housingandbasicservices,as inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable, ensuring access to ing inequality (SDG 10), makingcitiesandhumansettlements ------„ „ ANNEX „ „ The Committeeisconcernedabout the prevailing discrimi other marginalized groups regarding to access to employ against membersof ethnic minorities...includingRoma, and its efforts to promote equality andcombat discrimination The Committeeencourages the State party to intensify connection with Sustainable Development Goals: local authorities to beeffectively implemented (Para. 12), in ally agreed prioritiesonRoma are duly communicated to the the specificsituation of Roma andensuring that the nation for Improvement of the Status of Roma, by better reflecting cial, andcultural rights, including the revision of the Strategy crimination against Roma in the enjoyment of economic,so further measures inorder to overcome the prevailing dis level (Article 2). The Committeeurges the State party to take the nationally agreed priorities regarding Roma at the local ed by the State party, and the insufficient implementation of Improvement of the Status of Roma 2012–2014, as conced the shortcomingsin the implementation of the Strategy for health care andeducation. The Committee therefore regrets rity, accommodation in informal settlements, and inadequate tionately highunemployment, limitedaccess to socialsecu nation against Roma asevidenced, inter alia,by dispropor development. enforce non-discriminatory laws andpolicies for sustainable policies and actions in this regard, and policies andpractices andpromoting appropriate legislation, outcome, including through eliminating discriminatory laws, 10.3 -ensure equalopportunity andreduce inequalitiesof 11, a), inconnection with Sustainable Development Goals: ment, socialsecurity, housing,health,andeducation. (Para. on the SecondPeriodic Report of Serbia(2014) and Cultural Rights -ConcludingObservations Cultural Rights, CommitteeonEconomic, Social, International Covenant onEconomic, Social,and opment. non-discriminatory laws andpolicies for sustainable devel and actionsin this regard, and16.b and practices andpromoting appropriate legislation, policies including through eliminating discriminatory laws, policies sure equalopportunity andreduce inequalitiesof outcome, - promote andenforce - promote and 16.b -promote and 10.3 -en ------

MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 23 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 24 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC „ „ „ „ „ „ country. In that regard, the Committeeinvites the State par ensure equalaccess to safe drinking water inallpartsof the additional measures to implement water supply projects to The Committeerecommends that the State party undertake and affordable housing with, inter alia,legalsecurity of ten measures for ensuring that Roma have access to adequate The Committeerecommends that the State party accelerate While noting the National Employment Strategy andits Ac and upgrade slums. to adequate, safe, andaffordable housingandbasicservices sanitation andhygiene for all,and11.1 water forall, versal andequitableaccess to safe andaffordable drinking tion with Sustainable Development Goals: or by constructing socialhousingunits(Para. 31), inconnec including by improving the conditionsof existing settlements ure, safe drinking water, adequate sanitation andelectricity, equal value. cent work for all women andmen...equalpay for work of Goal: (Para. 17),inconnection with the Sustainable Development persons from marginalized groups, inparticular inrural areas efits for employers, inorder to promote the employment of employment initiatives, placement incentives, and tax ben of active employment policy, includingrequalification, local reduce the unemployment rate through effective measures Committee urges the State party to intensify itsefforts to nally displaced persons and people living in rural areas. The ately affects women, persons with disabilities,Roma, inter unemployment rate in the State party, which disproportion tion Plan, the Committeeremains concernedabout the high hygiene forall. - achieve access to adequate andequitablesanitation and access to safe andaffordable drinking water for all,and6.2 Development Goals: the right to water (Para. 32), inconnection with Sustainable ty to take into account itsgeneral comment No. 15(2002) on 8.5 - achieve full andproductive employment andde 6.2 - achieve access to adequate andequitable 6.1 -achieve universal andequitable – ensure access for all 6.1 - achieve uni ------

„ „ „ „ Recalling itsgeneral recommendation No. 19(1995) onarti connection with Sustainable Development Goals: all fields for membersof the Roma community(Para. 15)in non-discriminatory access to opportunitiesandservicesin The State party shouldincrease itsefforts to: (a) promote for sustainable development.. promote andenforce non-discriminatory laws andpolicies housing andbasicservicesupgrade slums,and16.b- 11.1 appropriate legislation, policiesandactionsin this regard, discriminatory laws, policiesandpractices andpromoting duce inequalitiesof outcome,including through eliminating Development Goals: and their results (Para. 23), riodic report onmeasures taken to achieve these actions standard of living;and(c) provide information initsnext pe contribute to their enjoyment of their right to anadequate housing solutions for Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptians, so as to allocate anddisbursesufficient funds to provide durable tice andadequate andappropriate alternative housing;(b) consulted inadvance andare provided with sufficient no mal settlements isnecessary asalast resort, residents are party to: (a) ensure that, where resettlement from infor grams for the Roma. The Committeealsourges the State to vigorously pursueefforts to develop socialhousingpro State party to eliminate de facto residential segregation and (CERD/C/SRB/CO/1, para. 14), the Committeeurges the the Roma andin the light of itsprevious recommendation cle 3of Convention No. 27(2000) ondiscrimination against second to fifth periodicreports of Serbia(2018) Concluding observations on the combined on the Elimination of RacialDiscrimination, All Forms of RacialDiscrimination, Committee International Convention on the Elimination of opment.. non-discriminatory laws andpolicies for sustainable devel and actions in this regard, and and practices andpromoting appropriate legislation, policies including through eliminating discriminatory laws, policies sure equalopportunity andreduce inequalitiesof outcome, Serbia (2017) observations on the third periodicreport of UN HumanRights Committee(HRC), Concluding – ensure access for all to adequate, safe, and affordable 10.3 -ensure equalopportunity and re in connection with Sustainable 16.b - promote and enforce 10.3 -en ------„ „ „ „ 44), a stigmatization of and discrimination against Roma (Para. legal security of tenure for residents insettlements reflect authorities’ failure to provide basicservicesor to guarantee The disproportionate number of evictions of Roma and the equal value, work for all women andmen...equalpay for work of 8.5 access to affordable, reliable andmodernenergy services, equitable sanitation andhygiene -ensure universal for all,7.1 drinking waterfor all, universal andequitableaccess to safe andaffordable so that they are ready for primary education, 6.1 childhood development, care, andpre-primary education, - ensure that allgirlsandboys have access to quality early and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all, health-care servicesandaccess to safe, effective, quality, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential Development Goals: adequate housing (Para.42), squalor. These conditionsare in violation of the right to play except ongarbageheaps,broken glass, in complete overrun with rodents; inothers, children hadnowhere to Some settlements that the SpecialRapporteur visited were isolated from employment, schoolsandmedicalcenters. ambulances or public transport are not available. Many are collection. Insomecases,other essential servicessuchas electricity, pipeddrinking water, sewage, or regular garbage inadequate, with virtually noutilitiesor infrastructure suchas former . Livingconditionsinsettlements are often others are internally displacedpersons from or the Egyptians livinginsettlements are originally from Serbia; Serbia, of varying sizes. Many of the Roma, Ashkali, and There are reportedly 583informal settlements across laws, policiesandpractices andpromoting appropriate of outcome,including through eliminating discriminatory 10.3 11.1 (2015) context onher mission to SerbiaandKosovo in this non-discrimination right to on the right to anadequate standard of living,and adequate housingasacomponent of the Report of the SpecialRapporteur on for sustainable development. promote andenforce non-discriminatory laws andpolicies housing andbasicservicesupgrade slums,and appropriate legislation, policiesandactionsin this regard, discriminatory laws, policiesandpractices andpromoting inequalities of outcome, including through eliminating -achieve full andproductive employment anddecent – ensure access for all to adequate, safe, andaffordable -ensure equalopportunity andreduce inequalities in connection with Sustainable Development Goals: 10.3 - ensure equal opportunity and reduce 3.8 6.2 -achieve access to adequate and - achieve universal health coverage, in connection with Sustainable -achieve 16.b 4.2 -

„ „ „ „ „ „ Sustainable Development Goals: be rectified without delay (Para.connection with 95),in international humanrights standards. This situation should electricity and water, contradicts the spiritandcontent of settlements, without access to suchessential servicesas The deplorable situation of those livingininformal While noting aspositive efforts undertaken by the State par The Committeeurges the State party to Ensure that chil development. enforce non-discriminatory laws andpolicies for sustainable basic servicesandupgrade slums,and access for all to adequate, safe, andaffordable housingand sanitation andhygiene for all, fore rendering them vulnerable to serioushealth problems vices, including safe drinking water and sanitation, there evictions, which leaves children without access to basicser ularly for Roma families who are often subjected to forced (b)inadequate housingcontinues to beaproblem, partic are at higher risk of experiencing multidimensionalpoverty; or more children and families with children with disabilities affected by poverty, while Roma families, families with four and rural communitiescontinue to bedisproportionately ly concerned that: (a) children inmarginalized andremote the Law on social welfare, the Committee remains deep ty to address poverty andsocialexclusion, including through ry education, and pre-primary education, so that they are ready for prima access to quality early childhood development, care, and and vaccines for all,4.2 -ensure that allgirlsandboys have to safe, effective, quality, andaffordable essential medicines access to quality essential health-care servicesandaccess universal healthcoverage, including financial risk protection, nection with Sustainable Development Goals:3.8 -achieve and adequate healthcare andhousing(Para 23,b), in con dren livinginrural areas have access to quality education (2017) second and third periodicreports of Serbia Concluding observations on the combined Committee on the Rights of the Child, Convention on the Rights of the Child, housing andbasicservicesupgrade slums. – ensure access for all to adequate, safe, andaffordable legislation, policiesandactionsin this regard, slums. safe, andaffordable housingandbasicservicesupgrade to affordable, reliable andmodernenergy services,and for all, and equitableaccess to safe andaffordable drinking water 6.2 -achieve access to adequate andequitable 11.1 – ensure access for all to adequate, 7.1 - ensure universal access 6.1 -achieve universal 16.b - promote and -promote and 11.1 – ensure – ensure 11.1 ------

MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 25 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 26 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC „ „ nationally appropriate socialprotection systems andmea 1.3 of the Sustainable Development Goalson implementing The Committeedraws the State party’sattention to target and hygiene for all,and upgrade slums. quate, safe, andaffordable housingandbasic servicesand 6.2 uitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all, ready for primary education, opment, care, andpre-primary education, so that they are girls andboys have access to quality early childhooddevel essential medicinesand vaccines for all,4.2 -ensure that all vices andaccess to safe, effective, quality, andaffordable risk protection, access to quality essential health-care ser 3.8 -achieve universal healthcoverage, including financial fants, to safe, nutritiousandsufficient food all year round, the poor andpeoplein vulnerable situations, includingin end hunger andensure accessby allpeople,inparticular substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable, 2.1 and measures for all,including floors, andby 2030achieve plement nationally appropriate socialprotection systems connection with Sustainable Development Goals: 1.3 - im adequate housing,and water andsanitation (Para. 52), in relevant to their rights to health,anutritious diet, education, costs of decent living for the children, includingexpenses and ensure that socialprotection measures cover the real or more children and families with children with disabilities, particularsingle-parentin families, families line, with four en the supportprovided to children livingbelow the poverty sures for all,andrecommends that the State party strength 11.1 nerable, 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vul tion systems andmeasures for all,including floors, andby and affordable drinking water for all, housing andbasicservicesupgrade slums. adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all, and Goals: 1.3 - implement nationally appropriate social protec (Para. 51, a,b), inconnection with Sustainable Development - achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation – ensure access for all to adequate, safe, andaffordable 6.1 -achieve universal andequitableaccess to safe 11.1 6.1 – ensure access for all to ade -achieve universal andeq 6.2 -achieve access to ------„ „ „ „ sector of the economy, their access to socialsecurity cov a study to assess the participation of women in the informal The Committeerecommends that the State party conduct in itseducation sector inline with the Committee’s gener The Committeecallson the State party to make improvement and equalpay for work of equal value, and tive employment anddecent work for all women andmen... women andgirlsat alllevels, 8.5- achieve full andproduc promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all strengthen soundpoliciesandenforceable legislation for the tion against all women andgirlseverywhere, 5.c- Adopt and tainable Development Goals:5.1- endall forms of discrimina sector of the economy(Para. 40,a), inconnection with Sus tion of all women, including those employed in the informal gender perspective, with a view to ensuringsocialprotec of the current employment legislation andpolicy from the study, review the implementation andanalyze the impact erage andretirement schemes;basedon the results of the women andgirlseverywhere. education, and5.1 -endall forms of discrimination against all pre-primary education, so that they are ready for primary access to quality early childhood development, care, and Development Goals:4.2 -ensure that allgirlsandboys have indicators (Para. 34, d,e), inconnection with Sustainable monitoring inclusive education and the education quality adoption andimplementation of the National framework for and places for sportandleisure for the latter; accelerate the in place reasonable accommodation of school infrastructure dren, especially girls,andgirls with disabilities, while putting and pre-school education inregular classes for Roma chil enhance itsefforts to promote andensure inclusive school education; while pursuingitspolicy oninclusive education, and assessitsimpacton the inclusionof Roma women in tion of the Strategy for SocialInclusionof Roma (2016-2025) education system; continuously monitor the implementa party strengthen mechanisms for keeping Roma girls in the al recommendation No. 36andrecommends that the State fourth periodicreport of Serbia(2019) Women, Concludingobservations on the on the Elimination of Discrimination against Discrimination against Women, Committee Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of religion or economic or other status. all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, and promote the social,economicandpoliticalinclusionof 10.2 - empower ------„ „ measures, including temporary specialmeasures, to en The Committeerecommends that the State party adopt affordable housingandbasicservicesupgrade slums. status, and disability, race, ethnicity, origin,religion or economicor other nomic andpoliticalinclusionof all,irrespective of age,sex, equal value, cent work for all women andmen... andequalpay for work of laws, 8.5 -achieve full andproductive employment andde itance and natural resources, in accordance with national land andother forms of property, financial services,inher resources, as well asaccess to ownership andcontrol over Undertake reforms to give women equalrights to economic discrimination against all women andgirlseverywhere, 5.a - tertiary education, includinguniversity. 5.1 -endall forms of and men to affordable andquality technical, vocational and and vaccines for all,4.3 -ensure equal access for all women safe, effective, quality, andaffordable essential medicines cess to quality essential health-care servicesandaccess to sal healthcoverage, including financial risk protection, ac with Sustainable Development Goals: 3.8 -achieve univer that their specificneedsare met (Para. 42,a), inconnection ownership anduseof landonanequalbasis with men,and and retirement schemes,life-long training opportunities, healthcare, housing, formal employment, socialsecurity informal sectorsof the economy, have access to education, sure that rural women, including women employed in the 11.1 10.2 – ensure access for all to adequate, safe, and -empower andpromote the social,eco ------conditions for those most inneed,connection with the Sus Goals: Roma minority, inconnection with Sustainable Development Development Goal: ple into the Serbiansociety, inconnection with the Sustainable 6.73. Nemačka: 6.72. Mozambik: upgrade slums. equate, safe, andaffordable housingandbasicservices tainable Development Goal: Grčka: 7.84. tion, policiesandactionin this regard, and velopment Goals: social, and cultural rights, ing discrimination against Roma in the enjoyment of economic, 7.103. Albanija: status. disability, race, ethnicity, origin,religion or economicor other economic andpoliticalinclusionof all,irrespective of age,sex, laws, policiesandpractices andpromoting appropriate legisla inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory development. enforce non-discriminatory laws andpolicies for sustainable and ensure equalaccess to justice for all. Promote the ruleof law at the national andinternational levels ethnicity, origin,religion or economicor other status, and16.3 - political inclusionof all,irrespective of age,sex, disability, race, (2018) the Third Cycle of the Universal Periodic Review Recommendations from UNMember States in 10.2 -empower andpromote the social,economicand Step upefforts in the goalof improving housing Take further measures to overcome the prevail ensure the effective integration of Roma peo 10.3 improve the situation of humanrights of 10.2 -Ensure equalopportunity andreduce -empower andpromote the social, in connection with Sustainable De 11.1 – ensure access for all to ad 16.b - Promote and -Promote and ------

MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 27 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 28 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC