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MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
with Particular Attention to the COVID-19 Epidemic
This Analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on Human Rights in the Republic of Serbia has been carried out within the "Surge II" initiative of the United Nations Office for Human Rights (OHCHR) This publication was prepared with the support of the Government of Switzerland within the Project entitled ‘’Support to Improve Social Inclusion in the Republic of Serbia’’ Photographs: Design: MaxNova gender of thepersons they relate to. grammatical gender cover both themaleandfemale All terms usedinthepublication inthemasculine or theGovernment of Switzerland. views of theGovernment of theRepublic of Serbia, This publication doesnot represent the official Vojin Ivkov METHODOLOGY GOALS OFTHE MAPPING AND 2 1 Minorities in the RS,2019, available at: Implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National 2019), available at: Annual reports of the European Commissionon the Progress of Serbia,(2006- Overview of the UnitedNations HumanRights Mechanisms,available at: ljudskaprava.gov.rs/sh/node/21795 possibilities for socialdistancing). protection (protective equipment, sanitation, drinking water, electricity, sewerage) and virus essential services for basiclivingneeds(safe those without sustainable incomeor access to poorest sectionsof the Roma community – emerged that have particularly affected the the coronavirus. Additionally, new risks have more exacerbated with the emergence of some of the risks thought to have become marginalization, andsocialexclusion are just socio-economic Discrimination, widespread national minority in the Republic of Serbia. extremely vulnerable positionof the Roma at: sion, housing,andemployment of Roma men and women inSerbia,available https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/ENACARegion/Pages/RSIndex.aspx rights mechanisms Reports arising from the review of UNhuman realization of the rights of national minorities,available at: godisnji-izvestaji-ek en/16809943b6 sources http://europa.rs/eu-support-for-roma-in-serbia/?lang=en 2 have continuously highlighted the , Reports on the implementation of the Action Plan for the https://www.mei.gov.rs/srp/dokumenta/eu-dokumenta/ , Councilof Europe, Fourth Periodic Report on the 1 as well asother relevant , IPA programs andprojects for the inclu https://rm.coe.int/4th-op-serbia- https://www.
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MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 3 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 4 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC 702 of Serbia settlements in the Republic substandard Roma Total number of mapped 94 settlements mapped substandard Roma territoryon whose are self-government units Total number of local 3 withdrawn on May 6, 2020 through the Decision to Lift the State of Emergen to Declare aState of Emergency (“Official Gazette of RS”, No.29/20), and was COVID-19 pandemiccameinto effect onMarch 15, 2020 through the Decision In the Republic of Serbia the State of Emergency issuedinresponse to the March until the endof September, 2020. cy (“Official Gazette of RS”, No. 65/2020). The process of mappinglasted from emergency Following the declaration of the state of greater marginalization andpoverty. additional risks of exclusion, perhaps to even rights and leading to the emergence of representing violations of their basichuman and the associated restrictions onmovement, exposed due to the appearance of coronavirus the most vulnerable Roma populations were of mapping the risks to which residents of of Roma Coordinators, initiated ajoint process of the Republic of Serbiaand the Association and Poverty Reduction Unitof the Government Team, incooperation with the SocialInclusion epidemic, the UnitedNations HumanRights 3 inresponse to the COVID-19 167,975 Roma settlements of the mappedsubstandard Total number of inhabitants - 4 a particularly marginalized category of the population inSerbia. Development, in which Roma menand women are recognized as itoring the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable tem (the so-calledGISdatabase) onRoma settlements andmon tremely important for updating the geographic information sys vulnerable of the Roma population. Inaddition, these data are ex recovery measures for, andpreventing future risks to, the most and data shouldalsoserve asagoodstarting point for planning with the principleof Leave NoOneBehind(LNOB). These efforts for collecting data in a humanrights-based format in accordance response to these pressing needs that have served as the impetus It is these increased risks and the need for anadequate and timely 5 7 6 In the period from the endof March to the middleof Septem The mappingencompassedsubstandard sdg_srbija_lat.pdf access to opportunitiesin virtually allareas, suchasbasicrights, health,edu they are recognized asacategory of the Serbianpopulation facing limited Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in which , as well asin The Voluntary NationalReport of the Republic of Serbiaon the National Development and Agenda 2030:SupportingPolicies for Progress, Roma menand women are includedin the MAPSMissionReports onSerbia criteria asessential to their identification: 1)inadequate access to drinking wa The UnitedNations definition of substandard settlements lists the following risks from coronavirus infection. of the emergence of additionalor increasing existing health inhabitants of these settlements, especially in the context The mappingalsoincluded the predominant activitiesof the water andsewage, electricity, andsustainable livelihoods. mapped substandard Roma settlements to safe drinking for data collection included the access of residents of the Roma national minority. The categorical criteriaemployed in Serbiainhabitedalmost exclusively by membersof the obtained data, were found to beonly occasionally staying in the settlements This number does not includeabout35,000-50,000 people who, basedon the inhabited by the Roma population. nicipalities of Ćićevac, Petrovac naMlavi, andSečanj that are predominantly Roma menand women, there are nosettlements on the territory of the mu obtained from the established institutional mechanisms for the inclusionof of Vojvodina andof Central andSouthernSerbia. According to the information grade, as well asasmallnumber of settlements inrural areas in the territories Data are missing for somecity municipalities in the territory of the City of Bel and legalrelations over the buildingsand/or the landof the settlement). status of the buildingson the respective plots (includingunresolved property of alarge number of membersper household;and5)uncertainty of the legal of the average population density per unitarea of the settlement, i.e., in terms are potentially dangerous to the safety of residents); 4) overcrowding, in terms materials; also, housingunitsindisrepair due to poor maintenance, etc., which built usinginadequate construction techniques and/or poor construction and other communalservices); 3)poor quality of housingunits(housing ture (sewage network or septic tanks, traffic network, water supply network, ter; 2) inadequate access to sanitation andother relevant forms of infrastruc cation, housing, employment, andlivingstandards, available at: ment unitsandinhabitedby approximately 167,975 people. ments were collectedona total of 702substandard Roma settle ber 2020, based on the previously mentioned criteria, data 2030%20za%20odrzivi%20razvoj.pdf izvestaj%20Republike%20Srbije%20o%20sprovodjenju%20Agende%20 skgo.org/storage/app/media/uploaded-files/Dobrovoljni%20nacionalni%20 6 located within the territories of 94 local self-govern
; http://sdg.indikatori.rs/media/1500/ 5 settlements settlements http://www. - 4 7 ------10 RESULTS ANDFINDINGS tional information. cal civilsociety organizations, andcommunitiesprovided addi communication with representatives of local governments, lo drawn from several available sources (9.2%). Inaddition,direct ciety organizations (Roma andnon-Roma) or activists (4%), and and women at the level of localself-government units. lished institutional mechanisms for the inclusionof Roma men habitants, andrisks were obtained in86%of cases from estab The data onsubstandard Roma settlements, their number of in 9 8 lacked suchdata, information was collected from localcivilso such mechanisms were not inplaceor where localgovernments Housing Development in the Republic of Serbia-Startingpoint for the Nation organizations active during the epidemic and the state of emergency inmoni COVID-19 epidemicon vulnerable groups from the perspective of civilsociety of the Republic of SerbiaconductedinJune 2020 to assess the impactof the and the Team for SocialInclusionandPoverty Reduction of the Government (supported by the Officeof the HighCommissioner for HumanRights OHCHR) Results of ajoint survey of the UnitedNations Team in the Republic of Serbia files/20190529-serbia-report.pdf index.php/izvestaji/posebnii-izvestaji/6608-19 coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19), available at: in the state of emergency and the implementation of measures due to the Protector of Citizens with recommendations: ConditionsinRoma settlements and organizations representing vulnerable groups; SpecialReport of the toring humanrights andproviding support to certaingroups of the population available at: al HousingStrategy: HousingExclusion andHousing for Vulnerable Groups, able at: European CommissionSerbia2019Report, pages.30, 78, 83,and89, avail of Roma issues,etc. Service; Office for the Inclusionof Roma Menand Women, Councilor incharge representatives of the Center for Social Work and the National Employment coordinators for Roma issues,pedagogicalassistants, healthmediators, The Mobile Team for the Inclusionof Roma Menand Women, which includes majorityofthe year). covered by the mapping(they mostly work abroad, where they spend the sustainable sources of income,etc. and sewerage), education andhealthservices, and utilities(electricity, safe drinking water, face alack of access to basic infrastructure Roma settlements in Serbia, whose inhabitants inadequacy of livingconditionsinsubstandard the outbreak of coronavirus indicate the Analyses andreports from the periodbefore health andsocio-economicrisks. this category of the population, both in terms of increasing the vulnerabilitycontributed to of emergence of the coronavirus has further https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/ https://www.mgsi.gov.rs/lat/dokumenti ; Analysis of Conditions for Sustainable https://www.ombudsman.rs/ 10
. 9 The The 8 Where Where ------
MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 5 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 6 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC substandard Roma settlements by localself-government unitson whose territory are mapped Map of the Republic of Serbia(cross-sectional data) -number of inhabitants livinginmapped Figure 1. Total number of inhabitants livinginmappedsubstandard Roma settlements Lebane Paraćin Sombor Bač Nova Crnja Bela Palanka Vlasotince Vladičin Han Aleksinac Vršac Beočin Zaječar Valjevo Šabac Pančevo Kruševac Kovin Kragujevac Žabalj Apatin Prokuplje Bojnik Smederevo Subotica Bor Pirot Surdulica Novi Sad Bujanovac Požarevac Vranje Niš Leskovac Beograd 43,944 11,830 4,480 4,400 2,000 2,400 4,200 8,409 2,200 2,083 3,664 3,025 2,220 3,245 3,535 3,665 2,335 3,780 1,800 3,783 1,400 1,400 2,740 1,200 1,690 2,041 1,335 1,462 3,145 1,570 3,126 1,681 1,190 1,152 Preševo Kikinda Boljevac Kanjiža Varvarin Vladimirci Mionica Požega Bela Crkva Pećinci Vrnjačka Banja Trstenik Jagodina Zrenjanin Vrbas Odžaci Kuršumlija Srbobran Aranđelovac Lajkovac Kovačica Knjaževac Novi Bečej Ub Stara Pazova Smederevska Palanka Ruma Bogatić Sremska Mitrovica Loznica Koceljeva Doljevac Kraljevo Alibunar 1,082 1,033 1,065 1,095 1,032 1,010 800 800 868 300 300 300 1,111 420 368 586 385 390 453 920 920 422 662 924 629 857 507 270 357 375 401 770 315 612 Sremski Brus Ada Bosilegrad Ljig Ljubovija Osečina Raška Svrljig Novi Pazar Kučevo Gadžin Han Merošina Mali Iđoš Užice Trgovište Aleksandrovac Mali Zvornik Opovo Žitište Blace Svilajnac Priboj Topola Lučani Despotovac Karlovci 167,975 substandard Roma settlements Inhabitants of the mapped
240 268 264 227 168 160 130 210 210 120 124 153 162 251 147 181 101 110 40 30 58 45 62 25 12 8 from 12,000 to 43,999 from 3,500 to 11,999 from 1,400 to 3,499 from 800 to 1,399 from 300 to 799 from 100 to 299 99 up to self-government unit Roma settlements by local the mappedsubstandard Number of inhabitants of APATIN BAČ ODŽACI MALI ORNIK SOMBOR LO NICA L UBO I A MITRO ICA SREMSKA BOGATIĆ OSEČINA BEOČIN ABAC PRIBO MALI IĐOŠ SUBOTICA UŽICE RBAS LADIMIRCI KOCEL E A SRBOBRAN AL E O KARLO CI SREMSKI NO I SAD NOVI BEČEJ RUMA ŽABALJ POŽEGA UB KANJIŽA PEĆINCI LUČANI MIONICA ADA KIKINDA LA KO AC ARANĐELOVAC BEOGRAD NO I PA AR RA KA PA O A STARA REN ANIN L IG NO A CRN A KOVAČICA OPO O KRAL E O ŽITIŠTE BAN A VRNJAČKA TOPOLA PANČEVO SMEDERE O KRAGU E AC ALEKSANDRO AC PALANKA SMEDERE SKA ALIBUNAR BRUS TRSTENIK KUR UMLI A AR ARIN AGODINA BELA CRK A KO IN S ILA NAC KRU E AC POŽAREVAC PARAĆIN R AC PROKUPL E BO NIK BLACE ALEKSINAC PRE E O DESPOTO AC LEBANE MERO INA KUČEVO BU ANO AC LESKO AC RAN E DOL E AC NI BOL E AC LASOTINCE TRGO I TE VLADIČIN HAN GADŽIN HAN KNJAŽEVAC ZAJEČAR S RL IG SURDULICA BOR BOSILEGRAD BELA PALANKA PIROT
MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 7 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 8 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC units on whose territory are mappedsubstandard Roma settlements Map of the Republic of Serbia(cross-sectional data) -localself-government Figure 2. Total number of mappedsubstandard Roma settlements Vladičin Han Požarevac Kanjiža Žabalj Valjevo Prokuplje Loznica Aranđelovac Vlasotince Svrljig Stara Pazova Sremska Mitrovica Pančevo Palanka Smederevska Požega Kučevo Kovin Gadžin Han Doljevac Vrbas Vranje Kragujevac Niš Leskovac Bor Bogatić Vršac Lebane Ub Pirot Šabac Bojnik Beograd 122 34 25 10 10 10 14 14 14 16 13 12 12 12 21 21 17 11 11 11 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 7 7 7 Apatin Ada Zrenjanin Trstenik Surdulica Odžaci Merošina Kruševac Blace Bela Palanka Bela Crkva Žitište Subotica Mionica Kuršumlija Koceljeva Brus Bač Vrnjačka Banja Varvarin Ruma Pećinci Ljubovija Lučani Aleksinac Smederevo Paraćin Novi Sad Novi Bečej Kraljevo Lajkovac Bujanovac Alibunar Vladimirci 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 7 Zaječar Užice Trgovište Svilajnac Sombor Priboj Osečina Opovo Novi Pazar Nova Crnja Mali Iđoš Ljig Kovačica Kikinda Bosilegrad Beočin Aleksandrovac Topola Sremski Karlovci Srbobran Raška Preševo Mali Zvornik Knjaževac Jagodina Despotovac Boljevac 702 in the Republic of Serbia substandard Roma settlements Total number of mapped 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 self-government unit Roma settlements by local Number of mappedsubstandard from 35 to 124 from 15 to 34 from 7 to 14 from 3 to 6 2 up to APATIN BAČ ODŽACI MALI ORNIK SOMBOR LO NICA L UBO I A MITRO ICA SREMSKA BOGATIĆ OSEČINA BEOČIN ABAC PRIBO MALI IĐOŠ SUBOTICA UŽICE RBAS LADIMIRCI KOCEL E A SRBOBRAN AL E O KARLO CI SREMSKI NO I SAD NOVI BEČEJ RUMA ŽABALJ POŽEGA UB KANJIŽA PEĆINCI LUČANI MIONICA ADA KIKINDA LA KO AC ARANĐELOVAC BEOGRAD NO I PA AR RA KA PA O A STARA REN ANIN L IG NO A CRN A KOVAČICA OPO O KRAL E O ŽITIŠTE BAN A VRNJAČKA TOPOLA PANČEVO SMEDERE O KRAGU E AC ALEKSANDRO AC PALANKA SMEDERE SKA ALIBUNAR BRUS TRSTENIK KUR UMLI A AR ARIN AGODINA BELA CRK A KO IN S ILA NAC KRU E AC POŽAREVAC PARAĆIN R AC PROKUPL E BO NIK BLACE ALEKSINAC PRE E O DESPOTO AC LEBANE MERO INA KUČEVO BU ANO AC LESKO AC RAN E DOL E AC NI BOL E AC LASOTINCE TRGO I TE VLADIČIN HAN GADŽIN HAN KNJAŽEVAC ZAJEČAR S RL IG SURDULICA BOR BOSILEGRAD BELA PALANKA PIROT
MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 9 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 10 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC 12 11 break, the lack of access to safe drinking water, food storage, tion are the stated aimsof Sustainable Development Goal6 concerning humanrights anteed by the provisions of numerous international treaties The human right to safe drinking water is recognized andguar ACCESS TOSAFEWATER 13 Serbia human rights mechanismshave beenissued to the Republic of guarantees, numerous recommendations of the UnitedNations hygienic conditions for all. Regarding the fulfillment of these drinking water for allandadequate andequalsanitary and achieving universal and equal access to safe and affordable which designates anumber of important targets, including sanitation andhygiene for alland endopendefecation, paying specialatten water for all, target 6.2-By 2030, achieve access to adequate andequitable 2030, achieve universal andequitableaccess to safe andaffordable drinking Sustainable Development Goals,SDG6- Water andSanitation, target 6.1 -By Assembly on the HumanRight to Water (64/292), from 2010. 4: The Right to Adequate Housing;Resolution of the UnitedNations General The right to the highest attainable standard of health,General Comment No. Rights, General Comment No. 15: The Right to Water, General Comment No. 14: Child (Article 24, paragraph 2); Committee onEconomic, Social,andCultural Against Women (Article 14, paragraph 2.);Convention on the Rights of the paragraph 2); Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination paragraph 1,andrelated provisions of Article 12,paragraph 1,and Article 2, International Covenant onEconomic, Social,andCultural Rights (Article 11, (54.26%) 51 irregular access access to safe drinking water or whose inhabitants hadeither no substandard Roma settlements territory weredocumented government unitson whose Number (%)of localself- able at: tion to the needs of women andgirls those in vulnerable situations, avail Rapporteur on Adequate Housing,para. 42,95, 100(b)(V). second and third periodicreports of Serbia,para. 51- 52,Report of the Special on the Rights of the Child(CRC), Concludingobservations on the combined Rights on the SecondPeriodic Report of Serbia,para. 31- 32;UNCommittee Concluding Observations of the CommitteeonEconomic, Social,andCultural 13 which unequivocally indicate that even before the out http://sdg.indikatori.rs/sr-latn/area/clean-water-and-sanitation/ 11 . Inaddition,safe water andsanita (22.65%) 159 access safe drinking water or irregular as having either noaccess to inhabitants weredocumented settlements whose Roma Number (%)of substandard
- 12 - - - - , was defined ashaving aregular connection to the public water For the purposes of this mapping, access to safe drinking water prevention andprotection against infection. institutions on the implementation of hygienic measures for ments, especially in fulfilling those recommendations of health posing additional challenges to the inhabitants of these settle of the COVID-19 virus has exacerbated these existing risks, risks of infectious, chronic, andother diseases. The appearance tlements, who have been continuously exposed to increased in general andparticularly for residents of numerous Roma set and personalhygiene was a very seriousproblem for residents 14 Roma settlement “Čukarička šuma,” available at: regarding the urgent need to provide water andcontrol coronavirus in the Economic andSocialRights A11 to the European Courtandlocalauthorities due to the coronavirus epidemic(COVID-19); Appeal of the Initiative for settlements in the state of emergency and the implementation of measures of the Protector of Citizens with recommendations: ConditionsinRoma population andorganizations representing vulnerable groups; SpecialReport in monitoringhumanrights andproviding support to certaingroups of the society organizations active during the epidemicand the state of emergency the COVID-19 epidemicon vulnerable groups from the perspective of civil of the Republic of Serbiaconducted inJune 2020 to assess the impactof and the Team for SocialInclusionandPoverty Reduction of the Government (supported by the Officeof the HighCommissioner for HumanRights OHCHR) Results of ajoint survey of the UnitedNations Team in the Republic of Serbia Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25738&LangID=E water andsanitation, available at: Leo Heller, the SpecialRapporteur on the humanrights to safe drinking cukarickoj-sumi/ od-lokalnih-vlasti-u-beogradu-minimum-uslova-za-zivot-300-roma-u- org/evropski-sud-za-ljudska-prava-uputio-a-11-inicijativu-da-zahteva- org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25727&LangID=E Special Rapporteur onadequate housing,available at: (19.55%) 32,843 irregular access access to safe drinking water or documented ashaving either no settlements whowere Roma of the 159substandard Number (%)of inhabitants https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/ https://www.a11initiative. 14 https://www.ohchr. , Leilani Farha, UN , - - inhabited by 3,599residents, indicated having Finally, ina total of 9localself-government units,allof the 38mappedsubstandard Roma settlements located on their territory, ments, inhabitedby at least 32,843 people(19.55%), demon Based on the collecteddata, 159substandard Roma settle approval of the competent service. having aconnection to the water supply network without the Irregular access to the water supply network was defined as id regulations, and access to public fountains in yards or parks. building permitsand/or not maintained inaccordance with val water, those built without proper technical documentation and to wellsexcludes:access supplynetwork,technical with which 15 15 irregular access) not having accessor having only drinking waterothereither the with settlement having access to safe of the inhabitants of the same safe drinking water (one segment settlements with partialaccess to documented substandard Roma territoryon whose units were Number of localself-government 9 access access to safe drinking water or irregular settlements with allindicated ashaving no territoryon whose Roma weremapped Number of localself-government units 35 35 irregular access) not having accessor having only drinking waterothereither the with settlement having access to safe of the inhabitants of the same safe drinking water (one segment settlements with partialaccess to Number of substandard Roma no access to safe drinking water or having irregular access. 38 38 drinking water or irregular access all indicated ashaving noaccess to safe these 9localself-government units, with settlements located on the territory of Number of substandard Roma - - - ments, inhabitedby approximately 11,829 people. The gathered data indicate, irregular access. strated not having access to safe drinking water or having only drinking water- access, was existent in35mappedsubstandard Roma settle with the other either not having accessor having only irregular of the samesettlement having access to safe drinking water 3,779 3,779 11,829 irregular access drinking wateror safe access to inhabitants without irregular access) other either not having accessor having only having access to safe drinking water with the of the inhabitants of the samesettlement access to safe drinking water (one segment substandard Roma settlements with partial Number of inhabitants of the 35mapped defined asonesegment of the inhabitants 3,599 3,599 irregular access no access to safe drinking water or substandard Roma settlements having Number of peoplelivingin these 38 that partialaccess to safe drinking water drinking safe access to inhabitants with 8,050 -
MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 11 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 12 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC by 2020of access to adequate andequitablesanitation andhy Goal (SDG) 6,especially target 6.2,regarding the achievement of living), is guaranteed by various human rights instruments, ic conditions(derived from the right to anadequate standard The right to sanitation andaccess to other sanitary andhygien SEWERAGE NETWORK ACCESS TOTHE 15 equate hygienic conditionsisrecognized asacriticalelement of living in very poor hygienic conditions. The establishment of ad to the sewerage network or irregular access,evidencing their 457 substandard Roma settlements indicated having noaccess Over 55%of the population (approximately 93,050 people) from able situations. attention to the needsof women andgirls those in vulner giene for alland the endingof opendefecation, paying special 16 rights mechanisms and their importanceisindicated by the UnitedNations human (65.10%) 457 network sewerageirregular access tothe indicated having noaccessor residents settlements whose Number (%)of substandard Roma Comment No. 4: The right to adequate housingstates that the right to ade paragraph1); The CommitteeonEconomic, SocialandCultural Rights, General International Covenant onEconomic, Social,andCultural Rights (Article 11, Mission to Serbia,para. 42,82. standard of living, andon the right to non-discrimination in this context, Rapporteur onadequate housingasacomponent of the right to anadequate Rights on the SecondPeriodic Report of Serbia,para. 31; Report of the Special Concluding Observations of the CommitteeonEconomic, Social,andCultural Rights (Article 12). hygienic conditions;International Covenant onEconomic, Social,andCultural housing and,correspondingly, to safe water, sanitation, other sanitary and health asanimportant element of the right to healthand the right to adequate The sameCommitteerecognizes the right to the highest possiblestandard of sarily impliesadequate access to sewerage, andGeneral Comment No. 14: quate housingbelongs to everyone and that, amongother things, itneces 16 as well asby Sustainable Developmental network access or irregular access to the sewerage Roma settlements who indicated having no Number (%)of inhabitants of substandard (55.04%) 93,050 - - 15 - - - -
For the purposesof this mapping,access to the sewerage net the approval of the competent service. fined ashaving aconnection to the sewerage network without regulations. Irregular access to the sewerage network was de permits and/or not maintained inaccordance with applicable built without appropriate technical documentation andbuilding sewage network, which excludes: connections to septic tanks work was defined ashaving aregular connection to the public tion anditseffective prevention. one of the indispensablepreconditions for the control of infec health care and,in the context of the coronavirus outbreak, as 17 and sanitation, available at: Leo Heller, the SpecialRapporteur on the humanrights to safe drinking water Rapporteur onadequate housing,available at DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25738&LangID=E, NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25727&LangID=E access to the seweragenetworkaccess tothe indicated having noaccessor irregular Roma settlements whose inhabitants substandard territoryin whichwhose are Number (%)of localself-government units (87.23%) 82 https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/ 17
: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ Leilani Farha, UNSpecial , - - - settlements, inhabitedby 12,211people. same settlement having accessand the other having noaccessor irregular access, was indicated in22mappedsubstandard Roma network or irregular access. where allindicated having either on the territory of a total of 31 localself-government units, Finally, the mapping found 163substandard Roma settlements information,obtainedAccording tothe 31 31 network or irregular access indicated having noaccess to the sewerage Roma settlements located on their territory in which allof the mappedsubstandard Number of localself-government units 13 access) other having noaccessor irregular settlement having accessand the of the inhabitants of the same to the sewerage network (one part indicated ashaving partialaccess substandard Roma settlements on whose territory are units there Number of localself-government and the schedulingof medicalexaminations only online or by phone. unaffordable priceof protective equipment asanecessary precondition for access to healthinstitutions, of the work of health mediators on the territory of the whole of Serbia during the state of emergency, the the inhabitants of substandard Roma settlements. This isevidenced most significantly in the suspension The outbreak of coronavirus hasendangered the right to healthandaccess to appropriate healthcare of no access to the sewerageaccess tothe no partialaccess to the sewerage network - 22 22 access) having noaccessor irregular having accessand the other inhabitants of the samesettlement network (one part of the sewerage access tothe partial settlements indicated ashaving Number of substandard Roma 163 163 sewerage network or irregular access indicated ashaving noaccess to the of 31 localself-government unitsall on theterritory located settlements Number of substandard Roma 8,495 8,495 12,211 access) access and the other having noaccessor irregular of the inhabitants of the samesettlement having partial access to the sewerage network (one part substandard Roma settlements indicated ashaving Number of inhabitants of the 22mapped irregular access as having noaccessor inhabitants of indicated defined asonepartof the inhabitants of the 24,192 24,192 sewerage network or irregular access indicated ashaving noaccess to the substandard Roma settlements Number of peoplelivingin the 31 having access inhabitants indicated as 3,716
MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 13 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 14 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC 22 21 18 inatory practices inelectricity distribution unaffordable prices, have been documented merous casesof irregular access to electricity sources, and their target 7.1. commitment under Sustainable Development Goal7andits able, andmodernenergy for allisalsoaglobaldevelopment settlements. the poorest sectionsof the Roma community from substandard ed Nations human rights mechanisms, particularly regarding ing remarks andrecommendations of numerous relevant Unit A lack of access to electricity hasbeen the subjectof conclud ELECTRICITY ACCESS TO 20 19 (9.12%) 64 irregular access ed having noaccess to electricity or settlements whose residents indicat Number (%)of substandard Roma at: on the complaint of the residents of Crvena Zvezda from Niš,available See the Opinionof the Commissioner for the Protection of Equality made Rights on the SecondPeriodic Report of Serbia,para. 32. Concluding Observations of the CommitteeonEconomic, Social,andCultural The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Wom sdg.indikatori.rs/sr-latn/area/affordable-and-clean-energy/ access to affordable, reliable andmodernenergy services,available at: Sustainable Development Goals,SDG7, Target 7.1 -By 2030, ensure universal Mission to Serbia,para. 42,82,88, and95. standard of living,andon the right to non-discrimination in this context, Rapporteur onadequate housingasacomponent of the right to anadequate Rights on the SecondPeriodic Report of Serbia,para. 31; Report of the Special Concluding Observations of the CommitteeonEconomic, Social,andCultural the right to adequate housing. possible standard of healthasanimportant element of the right to healthand Comment No. 14: The sameCommitteerecognizes the right to the highest adequate access to electricity for cooking,heating, andlighting, andGeneral ing belongs to everyone and that, amongother things, itnecessarily implies No. 4: The right to adequate housing states that the right to adequate hous The CommitteeonEconomic, Social,andCultural Rights, General Comment Covenant onEconomic, Social,andCultural Rights (Article 11,paragraph1); conditions, particularly inrelation to housing...electricity, etc. International en, in Article 14, paragraph 2(h) guarantees the enjoyment of adequate living ti-pruzanja usluga/ tiv-p-d-j-zbog-diskriminacije-po-osnovu-nacionalne-pripadnosti-u-oblas http://ravnopravnost.gov.rs/rs/prituzba-grupe-gradana-pro- 20 In the most recent periodof evaluation inSerbia,nu 19 Ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustain . 18 - 22 access to electricity or irregular access Roma settlements indicated ashaving no Number (%)of inhabitants of substandard (14.35%) 24,104 . 21 , as have discrim
http:// ------dropout from school for Roma children. the risk of escalating already highrates of non-attendance and to beingdeniedaccess to quality education, further increases that took placeonnational television channels. This, inaddition health, as well as, for school-age children, inaccessingclasses the Government’s prescribed measures for preserving public ing timely andadequate information regarding and the epidemic least congested. This situation was particularly limitinginobtain ity, limited to certain times of day when the electricity network is settlements indicated having noor irregular access to electric (approximately 24,104 people) livingin64substandard Roma Based on the obtained data, 14.35% of the mappedpopulation system bution to electricity was defined asconnection to the electricity distri tem, inaccordance with applicableregulations. Irregular access fined asaregular connection to the electricity distribution sys For the purposesof this mapping,access to electricity was de 23 ments, inhabitedby approximately 17,304 people. cess, was identified in56mappedsubstandard Roma settle having accessand the other having noaccessor irregular ac - defined asonepartof the inhabitants of the samesettlement data, obtainedAccording tothe competent service. the combinedsecond and third periodicreports of Serbia,para. 54-55. UN Committeeon the Rights of the Child(CRC), Concludingobservations on without approval for the connectionof the access to electricity or irregular access located whose residents indicated having no in which substandard Roma settlements are Number (%)of localself-government units (37.23%) 35 partial access to electricity 23 ------where allindicated on the territory of a total of 3localself-government units, Finally, the mapping found 3substandard Roma settlements electricity or irregular access 25 24 23 irregular access) access and the other having noaccessor inhabitants of the samesettlement having access to electricity (one partof the settlements indicated ashaving partial on whose territory are substandard Roma Number of localself-government units
3 electricity or irregular access territory indicated having noaccess to Roma settlements located on their in which allof the mappedsubstandard Number of localself-government units jeopardized their right to education. preconditions for attending onlineclasses(internet, computers, tablets, smartphones), which hasdirectly Roma children from substandard settlements lackingadequate access to electricity andother technical and onlinelearningplatforms. On certaindays of the week or every other week, schoolclasses are to beorganized, while onother days students are to beeducated at adistance usingRTS channels “Official Gazette of RS,” no. 30, March 15, 2020. Decision on the suspensionof teaching inhigher education institutions, secondary andprimary schools,and the regular work of preschool education institutions, channels andinternet learningplatforms, During the state of emergency, educational programs were realized at adistance through RTS television from September 1,2020in various combined formats. having either noaccess to the . 56 5 electricity or irregular access their territory indicated having noaccess to substandard Roma settlements located on ernment units,in which allof the mapped access) other having noaccessor irregular settlement having accessand the part of the inhabitants of the same partial access to electricity (one settlements indicated ashaving Number of substandard Roma located on the territory of 3localself-gov Number of substandard Roma settlements 24
while the implementation of onlineclasses was continued 25 These teaching approaches have excluded 5,365 5,365 17,304 irregular access having noaccessor residents indicated access or irregular access) having accessand the other having no of the inhabitants of the samesettlement having partialaccess to electricity (one part substandard Roma settlements indicated as Number of inhabitants of the 56mapped - 285 285 electricity or irregular access indicated ashaving noaccess to substandard Roma settlements Number of peoplelivingin3 having access residents indicated 11,939
MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 15 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC MAPPING OF SUBSTANDARD ROMA SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO RISKS AND ACCESS TO RIGHTS IN 16 THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC electricity ity people, where allindicated having either Also found on the territory of 3localself-government units were 5substandard Roma settlements, inhabitedby approximately 285 14,000 inhabitants, were identified as By cross-referencing the obtained data in 13local self-government units, 44 substandard Roma settlements, inhabited by over 3 network, andelectricity access to safe drinking water, the sewage indicated having noaccessor irregular on theirlocated territorysettlements in the mappedsubstandard Roma Number of localself-government units (13.83%) 13 network, andelectricity cess to safe drinking water, the sewage ed ashaving noaccessor irregular ac substandard Roma settlements indicat units on whose territory are mapped Number (%)of localself-government . . having noaccessor irregular access to safe drinking water, the sewage network, and - no access to or irregular access to clean water, the sewage network, andelectric- - (6.26%) 44 Number (%)of substandard Roma settle network, andelectricity access to safe drinking water, the sewage indicated having noaccessor irregular self-government units whose inhabitants ments located on the territory of 13local and electricity or irregular access drinking water, the sewage network, indicated ashaving noaccess to safe of the 3localself-government units on theterritory located settlements Number of substandard Roma 5 - 285 285 electricity or irregular access drinking water, the sewage network, and indicated having noaccess to safe substandard Roma settlements who Number of inhabitants of the 5 (8.34%) 14,001 electricity water, the sewage network, and irregular access to safe drinking indicated ashaving noaccessor 44 substandard Roma settlements Number (%)of inhabitants of the