This dissertation has been 64-1309 microfilmed exactly as received

WHITE, Richard Earl, 1933- A REVISION OF THE GENUS TRICORYNUS OF NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: ANOBIIDAE).

The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1963 Zoology

University Microfilms,Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich Mm A REVISION OP THE GENUS TRICORYNUS OP NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: ANOBIIDAE)

DISSERTATION

Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University*

By

Richard Earl White, B. S., M. Sc.

The Ohio State University

1963

Approved by

A d v i s e r : and Entomology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to express my appreciation to J. N. Knull who has supervised this study. Following Is a list of the Institutions to which I am Indebted for contribution of specimens, with the curators responsible for the loan: Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, H. R. Burke; American Museum of Natural History, F. H. Rlndge; California Academy of Sciences, H, B. Leech; Canadian Department of Agriculture, E. C. Becker and H. F. Hbwden; Carnegie Museum, 0. E. Wallace; Chicago Natural History Museum, R. L. Wenzel; Cornell University, H. Dietrich; Florida Department of Agriculture, and Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, R. E. Woodruff; Illinois Natural History Survey, L. K. Gloyd; Iowa State College, J. L. Laffoon; Los Angeles County Museum, F. S. Truxel; Museum of Comparative Zoology, P. J. Darlington, Jr.; Ohio State University, J. N. Knull; Ohio University, W. C. Stehr; Oklahoma State University, W. A. Drew; Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, D. C. Eades, J. A. G. Rehn and H. J. Grant; Purdue University, L. Chandler; San Jose State College, J. G. Edwards; South Dakota State College, H. C. Severin; United States National Museum, P. J. Spangler and T. J. Spllman; University of Arizona, F. G. Werner; University of California at Berkeley, J. A. Powell; University of California at Davis, A. T. McClay; 11 University of Delaware, V. A. Connell; University of Idaho, W. F. Barr; University of Kansas, 0. W. Byers; University of Minnesota, £. F. Cook; University of Missouri, W. R. Enns. Also the following individuals have loaned specimens from their private collections; H. F. Howden, the late C. A. Frost (collection now in MCZ), V. M. Kirk and J. Schuh. Ihe following individuals deserve thanks for donation of specimens or assistance with various phases of this study: B. D. Valentine; D. J. Borror; C. G. Welshaupt; M. Kosztarab; D. W. BsLong; C. A. Triplehorn; R. R. Dreisbach; R. E. Black* welder. I wish to thank M. H. Hatch for allowing me to examine the types of species described by him. A. Vllliers (Museum National d 1Histore, Paris) and E. B. Britton (British Museum of Natural History, London) deserve thanks for attempt­ ing to locate old types in their respective museums. Appreciation is extended to the Graduate School of Bie Ohio State University for a grant from the Herbert Osborn fund to defray expenses incurred during this study. I wish also to thank Mrs. H. C. Schreok and her assistants for help in locating literature in the Botany and Zoology Library of the Ohio State University.

iii TABLE OP CONTENTS

page

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...... • . . 11 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 HISTORICAL REVIEW ...... 6 BIOLOGY, ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE AND INTERCEPTIONS . . . 9 DISTRIBUTION...... 16 MORPHOLOGY ...... 17 INDIVIDUAL V ARIATION...... 32 LARVAE 33 MALE GENITALIA AND EXTRACTION TECHNIQUE...... 34 CLASSIFICATION AND PHYLOGENY ...... 40 COLLECTING AND MOUNTING...... 53 TAXONOMIC TREATMENT AND METHODS...... 55 KEY CHARACTERS...... 60 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS...... 64 LIST CP SPECIES...... 66 KEY TO. SPECIES ...... 68 SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT ...... 92 SPECIES OF INCOMPLETE SERIES...... 347 APPENDIX ...... 352 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 390 AUTOBIOGRAPHY...... 399

iv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Plate I Ventral view of T. confu3us (Pall)...... 353 II Profile vi e w s ...... 355 III Profile vi e w s ...... 357 IV Profile views , ...... 359 V Profile views ...... 361 w VI Profile views ••••••••• ••• 363 VII Profile vi e w s ...... 365 VIII Profile vi e w s ...... 367 IX Profile views ...... 369 X Profile views ••••••••••••••••• 371 XI Profile vi e w s ...... 373 XII Male genitalia...... 375 XIII Male genitalia ...... 377 XIV Male genitalia ...... 379 XV Male genitalia ••••••...... 381 XVI Male genitalia ••••••••• 383 XVII Male genitalia...... 385 XVIII Male genitalia...... 387 XIV Male genitalia...... 389

v INTRODUCTION

Preliminary examination of the sizable Ohio State University collection of members of this genus convinced the author of the necessity of a revision of this group. Numerous series were assembled which simply would not run through the single existing key for this genus, or which did not agree with available descriptions. One great difficulty in working with the genus was in attempting to master this key. Alternative couplets such as "Form more gibbous in profile" versus "Form less gibbous in profile" and "Form more elongate" versus "Form more oval" require a perceptive eye and considerable experience to use effec­ tively. The fault lies less with the author of the key than with the beetles themselves, for there is virtually no character consistently of an "either, or" nature. Those characters most useful in breaking up the complex of species are the elytral and tibial striae, and even here there are species which do not fall distinctly into one category or the other. Other useful characters (gibbosity in profile, disposition of the large punctures of the elytra, pronotum and metasternum) are often difficult to interpret and some experience is required before they can be used effectively. The difficulty taxonomists have had in working with this genus has been demonstrated clearly in the loaned material. Only about one-third of the more than 6,000 North American specimens received had been determined as to species and of these about 40# of the determinations were found to be in error. In faunal lists authors have frequently resorted to giving simply Catorama sp. (as Wickham, 1896, p. 306; Davis and Leng,-1912, p. 121; Leng, 1910, p. 76; Wetmore, 1916, p. 66) in enumeration of species. It has been my intention to produce a key which will enable workers to identify these insects with greater certainty. The marked similarities and often minute differ­ ences between species are such that any key constructed for their separation will require considerable study and effort to use effectively. For this reason a section is devoted to explaining the concepts and characters referred to in separating the species (see Key Characters). Some newly introduced characters (form of the pronotum and metasternum at their sides and metasternal foveae) are intended to make separations more certain. In addition, lateral views of each species are provided to illustrate the form in profile, sur­ face sculpture and pubescence of each category. These figures are referred to in the key where the characters are used. To 1958 there were 131 described species in the genus Tricorynus for the world. All but three of these were described from the New World. ttiis genus apparently reaches its greatest numbers in terms of species in southwestern United States. The fauna of Central and South America has not been explored adequately, and in time these areas could be found to be richer in species. In this study a total of 82 species are covered, 25 of these being described as new. In the first revision of this genus (Pall, 1905) 64 species were treated. Five of these are synonymized in this paper. Three species described by Pall from lower California are not included in this revision because no individuals have been seen from North America. These are metasternalls, placldus and otlosus. TOiese are included in a companion study on the Tricorynus of Mexico to be published separately. These beetles are quite small to moderately small

(1.4 to 5 .6 mm. in length) and are oval to elongate oval from the dorsal view. The ground color is most often reddish brown to brown or black. The pubescence, which is uniform in distribution, varies from so short and sparse as to be just detectable, to so dense as to completely conceal the surface sculpture. These extremes in density of the pubescence are the exceptions, for in about 70 species the pubescence is moderate in density, the surface sculpture being not or just slightly obscured. It is quite or 4 essentially recumbent in all species and Is most often faintly yellowish but in some is rather distinctly yellowish to grey or silvery. As is the tendency in members of the subfamily Dorca- tominae, these beetles have well developed contractile powers. Most specimens in death have the head and appendages drawn tightly up against the body and fitting into appro­ priate excavations of the trunk. In this attitude the mouthparts and antennae (except for the first segment) are concealed. When the beetles are free in nature the pronotum and, to a greater extent, the head, are swung forward, thus giving the beetle a rather flatter appearance than when seen in repose. The surface sculpture is most often composed of a dual system of punctures and the development of these large (bounded by a rim) and small (simple impressed points) punctures is often useful in describing and diagnosing species. The antennae of all species are 10 segmented and possess a distinct, three-segnented club. Very little has been published to date on the biotic associations of the members of this genus. The present study has given a much clearer picture of the biology of some of the species, though many large gaps still remain. Most of the host data have come from notes on specimens which were examined during the study. These notes are treated in detail under Biology. Only one species has had life history studies published on it, this is the Mexican book beetle, T. herbarius

(Gor.). Extractions of male genitalia have been made to ascertain the degree of taxonomic usefulness of these structures. Kiis has not previously been done for this genus, there being a published description with illustrations of the genitalia of only one species (T. herbarius (<3or.)). In general the male genitalia have been found to be quite useful and highly diagnostic for species. Some species are exceptions to this. Where the male genitalia are variable and of little use in distinguishing closely related species this condition is discussed. HISTORICAL REVIEW

Ihe genus Tricorynus was described in 1849 by G. R. Waterhouse in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London. It was monobasic, being founded on the new species T. zeae from Barbados Islands. The description is sufficiently complete to leave no doubt as to the correct disposition of the generic name. In 1850 Guerin-Meneville described the genus Catorama which is here recognized as a synonym of Tricorynus (for a discussion of the situation see Systematics, in text). The single species he placed in the genus was named tabaci and the locality of collection was Havana, Cuba. Hie figures of the species make identi­ fication certain. Lacordaire (1857) provided a description of Catorama and mentioned Tricorynus as a possible synonym. LeConte (1858) described grave and pusillum, both of which were incorrectly placed in Dorcatoma. In 1865 he described five species which he placed in the new genus Hemiptychus (now a synonym), and the above two species were moved to this genus. A key was provided for these seven species. Gemminger and Harold (1869) emended Guerin's Catorama to Cathorama, in addition to listing six species known to

6 them to have been placed in Catorama. They listed seven species (all LeConte's) under the name Hemlptychus. LeConte (1878) added six new species to Catorama (three of which are now in other genera) and four new ones to Hemiptychus. A key for the species of Catorama was given. LeConte and Horn (1883) presented a key for the separa­ tion of Catorama and Hemiptychus. These two genera were distinguished on the basis of whether the first ventral segment is excavate or not, which was unworkable, as most species then placed in the two genera have the first abdominal segment evcavate. Gorham (1883) used the emended name Cathorama and described three species which he placed in this genus. Hamilton (1893) and Horn (1895) added one and two species respectively to the genus Hemiptychus. Gorham (1898) in a list of the species of serricorne Coleoptera from Saint Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines continued to use the emended name Cathorama. Reitter (1897) described the genus Xylotheca on the basis of X. meieri (type of genus by monotypy) which had been collected at Hamburg, Germany. This genus is not distinguish­ able from Tricorynus by its description. It was synonomized with Catorama by Pic, (1912a). Fall (1901) described three species under Hemiptychus, two of which, luteotectus and palliatus, are now in Tricorynus. It remained for Pall (1905) to clearly establish the most useful diagnostic characters of the genus (elytral and tibial striae, punctation of the metasternum and dorsal surfaces, and form in profile). In this paper he correctly synonomized Hemiptychus with Catorama and described 45 species (four from Lower California), all of which are recognizable, with some degree of certainty, from their descriptions. His key to the 64 species known to him is the first usable key written to members of this genus. However, its mastery is difficult due to occasional ambiguous couplets. Fall in his discussion indicates that he had seen the paper by Lacordaire (1857)- Despite this he made no reference to the name Tricorynus though discussed by Lacordaire as possibly synonymous with Catorama. Maurice Pic, in numerous papers, has described over 40 species in Tricorynus from Central and South America. The author (White, i9 6 0 ) brought the total number of North American species to 65 with the description of C. rotundurn. Hatch (1961) added two new names to the list of North American Tricorynus. Both of these are synonymized in this paper. BIOLOGY, ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE AND INTERCEPTIONS

Relatively little is known about the biotic associations of the members of this genus. Only one species, T. herbarius (Gor.), the Mexican book beetle, has been the object of pub­ lished biological investigations. This tropical species is a pest of books, leather, stored foods, furniture, and wood. Natural hosts Include various seeds, dead limbs, and twigs. It is most Important as a pest of books, and most investi­ gations have been made with this as the larval food. The following notes refer to the life cycle as it occurs on books. The female lays the eggs at well protected places, usually on the binding Or at the edges of the pages, never on a smooth surface. The egg stage averages about 12 days and the newly hatched larvae bore into pasted portions of the binding. Later instar larvae feed on the binding itself. If the book consists of hand-made paper the larvae tunnel throughout producing clear-cut, circular holes 1.5 to 2.3 mm. in diameter. Clay-filled, chemically laden paper is fed up on little or not at all. There is evidence that the larvae are cannibalistic if food is scarce. ®ie larval life span takes about one year. Previous to pupation the larva bores into the back of the book and Increases the tunnel in size and lines it with excreta and paper. The pupal period 10 averages about eight days and the adult emerges through the back of the book forming a circular exit hole about 2.3 mm. in diameter. The adults are nocturnal in habit and have been recorded as flying to lights. Sexual maturation takes place about 15 days after emergence. The female is reported to lay an average of 15 eggs. Adults have not been observed feeding in captivity; the life span of this stage averages one month. The above life history is not to be interpreted as typical for the members of this genus. It is presented because this species is the only one of the genus for which there is detailed information. In regard to the host materials (often artificial products) and tropical or subtropical habitat this species is quite atypical for North American species. Seeds of various plants serve as larval food for more members of this genus than any other material. Eight species are recorded as reared from various seeds. Stems of assorted plants are mentioned as larval sites of five species. Some of these are from plants with pithy stems. Wood and fungi are known to serve as host material for five and four species respectively. Pour species have been reared from galls, and one is recorded from under the bark of an apple tree while another is known from dry kelp. The following biological data are from information on specimen labels, published notes, and, in one case, from the author's observations. Those notes in quotation marks are 11 from specimen labelsj others are from literature references or personal observations. T. obllteratus n. sp., "reared from seeds of Parklnsonla." T. lndistinctus (Fall), bred from cecldomyid galls on Plnus balsamae. T. castaneus (Ham), reared by the author from bullet oak galls formed on white oak, Quercus albus L., by the cynlpid Dlsholcaspis quercus globbulus (Fitch). T. tumldus (Fall), from twigs of fig. T. confusus (Fall). This species appears to have quite variable food habits; records are as follows: "base of apple trees"; "oak galls"; "under bark of apple"; from cecldomyid galls on Celtis; bred from galls on hickory; bred from Dryophanta galls on Quercus sp.. T. conophilus (Fall), from cone of Plnu3 edulus. T. dichrous (Fall), "reared from elm." T. tropicus n. sp., "in tamarind pods"; "reared from seed pods of Thespesla populnae”; "In Caesalplnla pulcherrima

pods." T. estriatus (Horn), "boring in yucca"; "in DasyIonia flower stalk"; "from seed pods of Yucca brevifolia"; "from dead Joshua tree flower stalks." T. gracilis (Fall), "Ex Nummularia tinctor on dead maple"; in fungus in bark of dead maple. T. latus (Horn), "dry seaweed in sand"; from dried kelp. T. tabaci (Guer.), "garlic bulbs"; "in Divi-Divi seed pod"; "with dry herbs"; "Ramie-dry stem"; "in popcorn"; "in red 12

pepper"; "ex Crategus merlana (?); "in dried pepper fruit"; in tobacco; in Poinciana seed; on lettuce in baggage; feeds on tobacco seeds. T. maneus (Fall), "reared from oak galls." T. nlgrltulus (Lee.), "in wood of Ulmus americana" "ex dead wood"; "ex dead Wisteria” in dead elm branch; from outer wood of debarked elm stump; larvae feed in the fungus Fomes applanatus. I suspect that the latter record is in error. T. punctatus (Lee.), "ex old dead sycamore log," from grape vines. T. uniform!s (Fall), from pith of dead sunflower stem. T. vestitus (Fall), "in pith of dried okra stalk"; "in grass stem." T. texanus n. sp., "ebony bean seeds"; "mesquite beans"; . "from seed of monkey flower." T. moderatus n. sp., "reared from a fungus, Polyporus sp.." T. lanceolatus n. sp., "Oenotheria dentata." This plant is an evening primrose. T. fastigiatus (Fall), "Mesquite stem gall." Thus there are biological notes on just 21 of the 82 species of Tricorynus in North America. The species of this genus apparently produce a single generation a year, but collection dates indicate that there may be a second (possibly a third) in southern and south­ western United States. For example, T. auctus (Fall) from 13 Florida, South Carolina and Mississippi, has been taken from March to September. There is no evidence that adults of this genus overwinter and it is likely that the larva is the overwintering stage. In northeastern United States adults are most often collected from May to July, whereas in the southwest (where the genus attains its greatest development in terms of species) adults are usually taken from March to September. Often the most individuals are taken during June and July. Records of parasites and predators of members of the genus refer mostly to T. herbarius (Gor.). Ihe pteromalid Aplastomorpha calandrae (Howard) apparently parasitizes it. Cephalonomia pereerina Westw., a bethylid wasp, parasitizes herbarium. Another bethylid of the genus Sclerodermus also parasitizes it. Morgan, 1913# recorded the clerid Thanoclerus girodi Chev. as predaceous on Catorama. The Mexican book beetle (T. herbarius (Gor.)), which is established in Florida (White, 1963), and possibly also in some western states, is the most injurious member of the genus. It feeds on a wide variety of organic products but is most common in books, seeds, leather, and wood. Its natural habitat is in the tropics or subtropics, but it could become established in heated warehouses in northern regions. The species is not nearly as important a pest as either the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serrlcorne (Fab.) or the drug­ store beetle Stegobium panlceum (L.). 14 The only other species of Tricorynus mentioned in economic literature is T. tabacl (Guer.), apparently also tropical or subtropical. It is recorded as feeding in tobacco and tobacco seeds. Data on specimens examined include references to garlic bulbs, dry herbs, popcorn and red pepper as host materials. Though presently of minor importance, this species, due to its feeding habits, must be considered of potential significance to stored products. Craighead (1950) mentions that Catorama sometimes infest stored pine cones in the south. Various species which feed on seeds or wood in the larval stage must also be considered as potential pests to man. Biological information is not complete enough to state how many of the genus this includes, but, of those for which information is available, over half feed in seeds or wood. There is always the possibility of introduction of a potentially injurious foreign species in articles of commerce. (1920, p. 7 2 5) records such an interception of Catorama sp. from China. Excluding intercepted specimens of T. herbarius (Cor.) and tabacl (Guer.) (these specimens are treated in the species discussions) a total of eleven individuals represent­ ing probably five species have been seen which were inter­ cepted in the United States. The only species which has been identified is T. neltumae (Pisher). The two individuals of this species bear the following data: "N. Y. ex Dominican 15 Rep., 17-V-46, A. 0. Plummer; In and with Divi-divi (seeds), 46-6716." This species runs in the key to texanus n . sp. and is closely allied to it and tropicus n. sp., for a dis­ cussion of the differences see under these species. Nine individuals representing probably four unknown species were intercepted at Brownsville and Loredo, Texas. All but one originated in Mexico, the other is from the Dominican Republic. DISTRIBUTION

The genus Tricorynus Is found almost exclusively in the New World. Of the 131 species known up to 1958 only three were described from outside of this region; one each from Europe, Hawaii, and Sumatra. Species are well represented In North, Central, and South America as well as the Caribbean region. Nearly half of the New World species described up to 1958 are known to occur In North America. In this paper 25 species are described, giving North America a large majority in the number of species. lhe genus in North America attains its greatest develop­ ment in terms of species in the arid southwest. Of the 82 species covered 45 occur exclusively within the area embraced by Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California. The number of species declines rather rapidly as one moves north and, to a lesser extent, east of this area. Only four species have been collected in Canada (borealis (Lee.), confusus (Pall), densus (Fall) and nubllus (Pall), and these almost exclusively in the southern part. Of these four only borealis (and possibly densus)has the bulk of its range in this region.

16 MORPHOLOGY

The members of this genus are quite consistent in general morphology. This marked similarity in form makes the tax­ onomy of the group difficult but enables a reliable descrip­ tion of the genus to be drawn. In general the species are small, usually more or less reddish brown, elongate oval to rather broadly oval, and are covered with a fine pubescence. All species are highly contractile. The body parts fit together quite tightly when the beetle is in repose; the head is not visible dor- sally in this attitude and the antennae and mouth* parts are concealed. Color - The color of the integument of some species is nearly or quite uniform throughout. At one extreme is gracilis (Pall) which is light reddish orange throughout, the metasternum but slightly darker. Elutus n. sp., similarly is very light reddish brown, nearly orange, with the metasternum slightly darker. At the other extreme are species such as nigritulus (Lee.) and nlgripennis (Pall) which are usually black throughout. A number of species often or sometimes exhibit rather uniform coloration between these extremes, including reddish brown to brown to nearly black. 17 18

In the majority of the species (about three-fourths) the dorsal surface and metasternum are nearly or quite uniform in color and the head and abdomen are rather to distinctly lighter. The most frequent color is some shade of reddish brown. Species which are reddish black to black are fairly numerous. Just a few species possess rather faint indica­ tions of vittae on the elytra; these are usually most distinct in vittatus n. sp. and nubllus (Pall), but are sometimes visible on estriatus (Horn) and others. The antennae, palpi, and usually tarsi are light orange or yellowish J- all of the species. Pubescence - The pubescence is recumbent and nearly always uniformly distributed over the body. It varies notice­ a b l y in length and to a greater extent in density among different species. In the vast majority it is more or less moderate in density. In these the density Is not sufficient to more than somewhat obscure the surface sculpture. In just four species (castaneus (Ham.), fig. 13; dlspar (Pall), fig. 25: lucldus n. sp., fig. 46; and polltus (Pall), fig. 64) the pubescence is quite short and sparse, the hairs being separated by more than their lengths. On the opposite extreme are three species in which the pubescence completely conceals the surface. In palliatus (Pall) (fig. 5 8) it is denser than in any other species; the surface and its sculpture Is quite invisible unless the pubescence Is removed. 19 The pubescence of luteotectus (Pall), (fig. 47) is next in density and that of vestitus (Pall), fig. 79) is third most dense. Hie coloration of the pubescence is uniform and in many species it alters or even determines the color of the insect. It is most often light yellowish but varies from whitish or greyish to rather distinctly yellow. In many species it is feebly shining and thus gives a slight sheen to the body: porosus (Pall) in which the pubescence imparts a rather faint golden sheen to the body, is the best example of this, but this is noticeable to a lesser extent in gravis (Lee.). The eyes of many species bear very short, sparse, Just detectable pubescence. Punctatlon - Hie various body surfaces usually bear a dual system of punctures; the larger, rather distinctly rimmed punctures are usually quite easily distinguishable from the smaller, simple-punctures. The smaller punctures, when present, are usually evenly distributed throughout and quite dense. In most species the large punctures are located on the head, at the sides of the pronotum, on the elytra (often sparse or absent near the base), on the metasternum (at least at the center, sometimes throughout), and on the abdomen. The large punctures are variable in size, and they or the small punctures may be missing, especially on the dorsal sur­ faces. In densus (Pall), fig. 18, dlchrous (Pall), fig. 22, 20 and gracilis (Fall), fig. 27, the large punctures of the dorsal surfaces are absent or indistinct. In politus (Fall), fig. 64, and lucidus n. sp., fig. 46, the opposite is true, there being little or no evidence of small punctures. In the great majority of the species the dual system of punctures is distinct throughout. Some few species (as densus (Fall) and borealis (Lee)) are more or less finely alutaceous, especially on the pronotum. Profile - The form of the body in profile is quite con­ stant in nearly all cases, and is useful in distinguishing species. Gftie term "gibbous" refers to a. dorsal outline which is more strongly rounded above the humeral region than in any other area. Abbreviatus (Lee.), fig. 2, extremus n. sp., fig. 3 0, and aberrans n. sp., fig. 4, represent the extreme development of gibbosity. These three species are also quite stout in profile. Moderate gibbosity and robust form is represented by moderatus n. sp., fig. 48. Both lanceolatus n. sp., fig. 44, and vittatus n. sp., fig. 80, are gibbous and quite elongate in profile. The number of species which are gibbous about equals those which are not. Some are nearly hemispherical in dorsal outline and quite stout, as coactus n. sp., fig. 16, and rotundus (White), fig. 62. Some are more broadly rounded, as callfornicus n. sp., fig. 20. Obscurus n. sp., fig. 55 and blfoveatus n. sp., fig. 9> are neither gibbous nor symmetrical in outline. Abnormls n. sp., fig. 8, represents the extreme 21 in generalized, elongate, not gibbous form. Wide ranges of intergrading forms between the above examples are represented. Head, Mouth Parts, and Eyes - TSie head is large and most often evenly rounded throughout. Only in gravis (Lee.) and tabacl (Guer.) is there any marked modification of the evenly rounded form. In gravis the head adjacent to the eyes is frequently slightly, to distinctly flattened or depressed. In all specimens of tabaci there is a coarsely punctate, distinct depression on each side of the head. In some other species the head is somewhat flattened near its center and distinctly rounded before the vertex, as in vestltus (Pall), fig. 79. The punctation of the head of most species is dual and in these the punctures approach each other in size more closely than on other parts of the body. In a number of species the punctures of the head nearly or quite intergrade in size. Where punctures of only one size are present on the pronotum and elytra this is usually also the case on the head. A distinct impressed line is present above the antennal insertion of all species. Its lower margin is frequently distinctly carinate immediately above the antennal insertion. This line extends diagonally to the anterior margin of the eye, where it connects with a more or less distinct impres­ sion adjacent to the eye which frequently continues to its dorsal margin. This ocular Impression is most strongly developed in gravis (Lee.). 22 In blfoveatus n. sp. the area beneath the supra-antennal Impression on each side of the head is deeply depressed, giving the head the appearance of possessing nostrils. This is the only species which exhibits such a character. The clypeus is more or less distinctly set off poster­ iorly by a dorsally arcuate suture. A reduced labrum is visible below this and between the bases of the mandibles. The eyes vary widely in size. At one extreme is punctatus (Lee.) and tumidus (Pall) in which the eyes are separated by as little as 1.2 times their vertical diameter. At the other extreme is densus (Pall) in which the eyes are separated by 3.1 to 4.0 times their vertical diameter. In more than half of the species the ratio falls wholly or partly within the range of 2.0 to 2.5. The eyes are most often evenly rounded and not strongly bulging. In the species with very large eyes (separated by 1.2 to 1.6 times their vertical diameter) these are often quite strongly bulging. In some others with eyes of moderate to small size (separated by 2.0 to 4.0 times their vertical diameter) the eyes are slightly (as some specimens of gravis (Lee.)) to distinctly flattened (as platyops n. sp.). There is often sexual and, of course, individual variation in these characters. Again the above examples are extremes with most species being intermediate. The outer margin of each mandible is rather broadly, usually evenly arcuate. This and the cutting edge are narrowly glabrous, shiny, and distinctly set off from the 23 remainder of the surface of the mandible which is depressed, pubescent, not shiny and punctured. The inner or cutting edge is usually supplied with two teeth, the outer acute, the inner obtuse. In some specimens of inaequalls (Pall) there is a more or less distinct diagonal carlna present on the outer surface extending to or nearly to the outer cutting tooth, ftiis is much more strongly developed in cer­ tain tropical, possibly un-named, species which have been seen. The maxillary palpus is three-segmented. The terminal segnent is often rather parallel-sided, sometimes nearly triangular and the outer margin is usually oblique; it varies from about 1.5 to 5.0 times as long as wide. The labial palpus is three segmented and the terminal segment is most often triangular; the outer edge is oblique. The last segment varies from about 1.0 to 2.0 times as long as wide. Antennae - These organs are ten-segnented in all species. They are inserted immediately above the base of the mandible and are more or less on a line between the mandible and the eye. They are separated at their bases by almost consist­ ently one-half the width of the front. They are distinctly clubbed, the terminal three segments being markedly enlarged. The basal segment is the same color as the head (usually some shade of reddish brown) and the remaining segments are reddish yellow to nearly yellow. The first segment is large, roughly triangular, punctured, pubescent on its outer sur­ face, and is about two times as long as wide. It is widest at the apex; the second segment is attached at the apex on the lower, inner margin. The first segment is the only one visible when the beetle is in repose. The second segment is much smaller than the first, and is widest at the apex and usually a little less than two times as long as wide. This and the next five segments bear short sparse pubescence on all surfaces. The third segment is a little smaller, shorter, and not as wide as the second. The fourth to seventh segments are smaller than the third and are nearly or quite cylindrical; they are usually similar in size and shape, the fourth being a little larger than the others, and they are usually about as wide as long or sometimes are a little wider than long. One or more of these intermediate segments often possesses one or two long erect hairs. The pubescence on the terminal three segments is noticeably denser than on the previous segments and often causes these to appear lighter in color than those preceding. The eighth segment is large, often being nearly the size of the first. It is distinctly triangular, nearly always longer than wide (about as long as wide in castaneus (Ham.) and 1.7 to 2.2 times as wide as long as gracilis (Pall)) and the outer angle more or less oblique. The ninth segnent is practically identical to the eighth. The tenth segment is elongate with the sides broadly rounded; it tapers to the base and is 25 narrowly rounded at the tip. It Is noticeably longer than each of the two preceding. The terminal three segments are distinctly longer than the preceding seven. The ventral portion of the head behind the mouth parts and between the hind margin of the eyes is transversely rather distinctly depressed. The antennae fit into this depression during repose. Pronotum - The pronotum is rather hood-like and completely conceals the head from dorsal view in repose. It is nearly or quite evenly rounded throughout in most species, the only notable exception being at the extreme sides where it may (depending on the species) be somewhat concave, flat, inflated, or distinctly bulging. Intergrades between the above occur and there are even some species which do not fit these categories, the pronotum laterally being more strongly rounded in one area. The anterior angle is quite distinct and usually forms somewhat less than a right angle. The posterior angle is quite feeble or not evident. It can be found laterally where the lateral margin of the elytra meets the pronotum. A raised margin is nearly always present laterally both before and after the anterior angle. It varies to some extent in development among different species and in just a few it is entirely absent. The posterior margin of the pronotum is bisinuate from a dorsal view ^nd fits quite tightly against the accommodating sinuations of the elytra. The surface of the pronotum usually bears a dual system of punctures, the larger punctures being largest and most distinct at the sides. Often only the small punctures are present near the center of the pronotum. Scute Hu m - The scutellum is present in all species and varies from moderately small to small. It is somewhat triangular in shape, with the base straight and the sides arching inwardly to meet at a sharp or narrowly rounded point. Elytra - The elytra embrace the body quite tightly and vary rather widely in shape according to the proportions of the body. The two elytra fit together quite closely along the midline. In some specimens there are minute teeth on the inside edge of either elytron immediately behind the scutellum; these -apparently function in holding the elytra together. The lateral margin of each elytron is more or less broadly indented at the level of the hind leg, and more sharply so at the level of the middle leg. IVo lateral striae are usually present at the apical half of the elytra. Only 10 species lack these. Uiree species have just one distinct groove, and in one species (luteotectus (Pall)) both are indistinctly developed. The surface sculpture is most often dual. The small punctures are nearly always present and rather uniform in development. The large punc­ tures are confused (exceptions below), usually smaller and sparser near the base, and less distinct and rather more dense near the apex. The large punctures are arranged in distinct rows in herbarius (Gor.), fig. 37* are in 27 obscure rows In obllteratus n. sp., fig. 51* and very obscurely or not in distinct rows in estriatus (Horn), fig. 33* and abnormis n. sp., fig. 8. Beyond the rows of punctures there is no external evidence of striae on the elytra, but there are nine or ten more or less evident rows of striae delimited by longitud­ inal yellow lines and finer cross-veins on the inside sur­ face of each elytron. Many of these square or hexagonal areas have a rather distinct puncture at their centers. Legs - All tarsi are five segmented and rather pubescent beneath. The first segment is longer than wide, the second is about as wide as long, the third and fourth are wider than long, and the last segment is about as long as the first. All five segments are about equal in width. The claws are borne at the tip of the last segnent and are distinctly divaricate. The contiguous coxae of the anterior legs are completely concealed when the beetle is in repose. Each is rather triangular and flattened from front to back. The small interstitial trochanters and the femora are also concealed during repose. There is a distinct transverse groove on the dorso-anterior face of the femur about midway between the ends; the ventral posterior margin of the inflexed part of the pronotum fits into this groove. The tibia is visible throughout its length in repose; its outer face is flattened and nearly always bears at least one, most often two dis­ tinct grooves. 28 The rather narrowly separated coxae of the middle pair of legs are noticeably flattened on their anterior face. They too are concealed in repose. The flattened inter­ stitial trochanters are very narrowly visible in repose. The femora and, more completely, the tibiae are visible in repose. The outer face of the tibia often bears a groove along its posterior margin. No part of the hind pair of legs is more than par­ tially concealed in repose. The coxae are narrowly separated at the center and are greatly produced trans­ versely, easily attaining the sides of the elytra. Each coxa is roughly parallel-sided from the elytra to the point of articulation with the trochanter, where it is rather broadly expanded posteriorly. The coxae partially extend over the first abdominal segnent and they plus the concavities of the first abdominal segment receive the hind legs. The trochanter and the femur are Just partly concealed in repose. Prosternum - The prosternum is very strongly transverse, being about five times as wide as long. It is distinctly concave front to back, and apparently it, along with the shallow groove on the ventral surface of the head, serves to receive the antennae in repose. The anterior and poster­ ior margins are essentially parallel except at the center where the anterior margin is weakly notched and slightly the posterior margin is produced between the coxae. Along the 29 anterior margin near the center it bears a fringe of fairly long erect hairs. Each leg articulates at the lateral posterior margin of the prosternum. The coxal cavities are open. The proepisterna and proepimera are apparently lack­ ing. Mesosternum - Hie mesosternum is rather broad and nearly horizontal at the base. Behind the base on each side is a diagonally produced arm which partly encloses the coxa. These arms are somewhat widest at the apex. From the rather depressed center the mesosternum curves ventrally between the thus narrowly separated mesocoxae and terminates apically, beyond the coxae, in a stout, posteriorly directed hook. This process is clasped by the mandibles when the beetle is in repose. The mesepisternum is large and well developed. It is roughly rectangular, rather widest laterally, and is diagonally directed toward the mesocoxa. It is located above and slightly in front of the anterior part of the mesosternum. The mesepimeron is directly behind the mesepisternum and is smaller than this structure. It is roughly triangular in shape and nearly vertical in position. Neither of the two previously discussed parts attains the mesocoxa. Of the mesosternum and its side pieces only the hook-like process is visible in repose. Metasternum - lhe metasternum is much larger than either the prosternum or mesosternum. A distinct transverse carina separates the anterior incurved, laterally broadened 30

(concealed In repose) portion from the larger, transverse, concave for the reception of the mesosternal hook which fits so tightly as to appear an integral part of the meta- sternum. The portion behind the transverse carina is

usually broadly and evenly rounded side to side. The metasternum at its side varies in shape from one species to another; in some it is quite flat front to back, in others it varies to rounded or distinctly bulging. The large punc­ tures are usually distinct at the center and vary in their lateral limits. In some species they consistently attain the sides; in others they do not. Distinct pits or foveae are present in most species immediately behind the transverse carina; these are usually located laterally. The metepisternum is traversed by a transverse carina which divides it into an anterior third and a posterior two- thirds. The anterior portion is incurved, concealed in repose, and about two times as broad anteriorly than poster­ iorly. Hie posterior two-thirds is nearly always parallel­ sided (clearly broader posteriorly only in aberrans n. sp., fig. 4). Behind the carina there is usually a distinct pit, similar to but usually smaller than those on the metasternum. There is no external evidence of metepimera. Abdomen - The abdomen consists of five, often apparently four segments. The first segment is mostly concealed in repose by the posterior legs. It Is briefly visible at the center but on each side is distinctly depressed laterally to the elytra. The legs fit very snugly into these depres­ sions. The concavities and the distinct glabrous carina limiting them are parts of the first segment. The suture of the first segment is usually visible between the depres­ sions but in some species it is weak and even completely obsolete. The three sutures separating the remaining four segments are always quite distinct. The sutures are nearly or quite straight to feebly bisinuate. In abdomlnalls n. sp. the lateral margin of each suture is raised and the area beneath finely roughened. This character is less dis­ tinctly developed in punguis (Pall) and californicus n. sp. and is also seen in tmcanuB n. sp. and tropicus n. sp.. The dual punctures are quite distinct and evenly dis­ tributed on the last four segnents. They are nearly or quite absent on the first segment. INDIVIDUAL VARIATION

The most Important variation found in each species is Included in its description. This covers only the more important taxonomic characters. In addition there is frequently a paragraph in the discussion giving additional or more detailed information on variation or covering more specific cases of variation. Also there is included in many Instances a discussion of specimens related to but not definitely assignable to each species. These have been labeled and are referred to as "nr.” such and such a species. With just some exceptions the chief taxonomic characters of the species (lateral elytral striae, tibial striae, lateral profile, disposition of large and small punctures, form of sides of pronotum, size of eyes) are quite consist­ ent and reliable. Probably the most variable species is glbbulus (Pall). The tibial grooves are quite inconsistent in development and the dorsal outline is more variable than usual. The fact that Pall (1905) described this species under two names (glbbulus and trlvialis), plus the fact that there are here three subspecies recognized, attests to this variability. A few other species (i.e. punctatus (Lee.)) also exhibit a high degree of variation. 32 LARVAE

The larvae of only ten of the 82 species in North America have been described (Boving, 1927 and 195*0. As with all Anobiidae the larvae of members of this genus are scarabaeoid in form. The head is distinctly sclerotized and hypognathous, the body is subcylindrical, the integument is soft, pale-whitish, and not distinctly sclerotized, and most segments are provided with hook­ shaped asperities dorsally. Three pairs of well developed legs, each with a distinct claw, are present. Head - The head capsule is usually suboval and widest near the middle. Numerous fairly long setae are present and behind the epistoma is a pigmented field. Ocelli are apparently absent and the antennae are reduced and without distinct segments. The epistoma, anteclypeus, and labrum bear setae which are characteristic in number and location for each species. The epipharynx bears coryphal, acantho- parlal and chaetoparial setae; tormae and a crepldal field are present, the latter with or without pores. The mandi­ bles bear one or two apical teeth. The maxillary lacinia is lobelike, about one-half the size of the galea, and bears spines. The galea is lobelike and also bears stout spines apically. The maxillary palpi are fingerlike and are composed of three segments.

33 MALE GENITALIA AND EXTRACTION TECHNIQUE

The only study including information on male genitalia of a species of this genus was by Sawaya (1955)* who illustrated and described the genitalia of T. herbarius (Gor.). In the present study Illustrations of the genitalia of 72 of the 82 species are included. Males of 10 species have not been available for study. The male genitalia of the members of this genus are of the generalized trilobe type. The basal orifice is fairly large and consistent in development. The lateral lobes are variable in size and shape among species. They are usually somewhat leglike in general appearance and curve outwardly. In some they are rather cylindrical or stocky and in a few are stout and curved inwardly. There is usually a more or less distinct notch or indentation at the apex of these lobes. They always bear a style (palplike structure) attached laterally near or below the middle. The stylus is widest apically or nearly cylin­ drical, and bears long distinct pubescence. The dorso- medial face of each lateral lobe sometimes (always?) bears short pubescence. Limitations in equipment and methods did not allow certain detection of this pubescence. The sides of the median lobe are sometimes nearly parallel 35 but are more often sinuate, and rounded or narrowed apically. In just one species (floridanus Pic) the median lobe is distinctly broadened apically. Laterally at the apex there is usually (always?) long sparse pubescence. This has not always been detected but it may nevertheless be present in all. In just one species (gravis (Lee.)) there are small external spines present apically. The most important taxonomic characters of the genitalia are internal processes of the median lobe. These are, with only a few Exceptions, highly diagnostic for species. They are frequently spinelike or somewhat hooklike in shape and may even appear as a tubercle. Sometimes the processes bear two or even three spines, and in a few instances they have no distinct features. Only one species (gracilis (Pall)) lacks these structures. Other species possess one to seven or even eight processes in the median lobe. In some species internal spines are present which can only be seen from the ventral view. There has been no attempt to include these in the illustrations. Genltalic dissections were made of series of specimens of T. punctulatus (Lee.) and mutans (Pall). Tae dissections indicated that each of these series consisted of two or more species easily separated on the basis of male genitalia;

these were nearly or quite indistinguishable externally. The above indication of the existence of species com­ plexes was discovered after examination of the types of old

35 species. The genitalia of these were not examined. If these indications are correct, then the genitalia of the types of some species will have to be examined before it can be certain as to the correct application of the old names and the groups to which new names are to be given. The small size and tightly fitting body parts of these beetles necessitated the development of special techniques for the extraction of male genitalia. Reliable external sex characters are virtually absent in members of this genus so in most cases males must be found by trial and error. A large series of T. confusus (Pall) in the author's collection provided material for experimentation and enabled the development of a fast and efficient technique for certain sexing and extraction of male genitalia, a description of which follows: The specimen is first examined under a microscope to insure that it is securely glued to the point. If it is not, additional glue is added, being careful not to conceal diagnostic characters or cover the abdomen with glue. If in the original mounting the abdomen is covered to any great

i extent with glue this technique will probably be unsuccessful (exception noted below). Once the glue has dried the pin is held upside down by the sharp end with the right thumb and forefinger, the beetle pointing to the right. Next the broad end of the point is grasped by the left thumb and fore­ finger so that it can be held securely, and both hands are cupped below the specimen. Then under the low power of a dissecting microscope a number one or two insect pin held with the right hand is carefully forced between the hind margin of the metepisternum and the abdomen in order to loosen the abdomen. Sometimes considerable probing is required before the abdomen is loosened sufficiently to be removed. If the hind leg interferes with this it may be removed and discarded, as it bears no taxonomically useful characters. If some of the glue used in mounting extends partly over the abdomen but is not securely fixed to it, this may provide a convenient shelf for the pin to fit beneath and thus aid in loosening and removing the abdomen. This technique usually works quite well, but In occasional individuals the abdomen is so secure that extensive damage may result or the beetle might be forced from the point if continued pressure is applied; this Is why the hands are held below the specimen. It must be stressed that this technique requires practice before it can be mastered and should not be attempted without practice on specimens which cannot be sacrificed. When one becomes proficient he is able to Judge at what point to cease applying pressure to prevent damage to the specimen. Over 500 dissections have been successfully made during this study by this method. The success of this technique is dependent upon the relative looseness of the abdomen of members of this genus. I have found this is not the case with some other genera of the subfamily Dorcatominae (e.g., Eutylistus). Once the abdomen Is removed it is immersed in a mixture of alcohol and water and allowed to soften for a few moments. A pin which is broadly hooked on the end can be used to gently apply pressure to the tergites of the abdomen to force all air out of it. At this point the specimen can be sexed. Of the genitalic structures the spiculum is most readily visible through the semitransparent tergites. If it is narrowly V-shaped the specimen is a female, but if it is U-shaped the specimen is a male. It is suggested that the sex be indicated on one of the labels affixed to the pin or on one specially made for the purpose. By the use of two hooked pins the male genitalia and soft parts can be removed from the ventral part of the abdomen. Next the soft parts can be teased from the genitalia so that it is visible and can be examined. If the median lobe appears rather silvery it contains an air bubble which must be gently squeezed out before the internal spines are clearly visible. In this study the male genitalia have been glued to a fine bristle which has previously been glued to a shortened point. The procedure is as follows: all labels are removed from the specimen pin leaving only the point and specimen. Next the bristled point is mounted on the pin 2 to 3 mm. below the specimen point and at right angles to it. The genitalia are removed from the liquid and placed on the tip of the left thumbnail and allowed to dry. A small dab of glue (fairly slow drying) or shellac is applied to the tip of the bristle and under the microscope this is touched to the basal orifice region of the genitalia. If this is not securely attached additional glue can be added. Next the bristled point with the genitalia is turned to directly below the specimen point so that it is protected by it. The labels can now be returned. I have made it a practice to flatten the pin holes with a fingernail before repining so that the labels are secure on the pin when these holes are reused. It is very difficult to replace an abdomen on a specimen when removed, so both male and female abdomens have been glued to the upper point ventral side up beside the specimen. This has the advantage of enabling one to tell at a glance if the genitalia of a specimen have been examined. The possible taxonomic value of female genitalia has not been explored in this study. CLASSIFICATION AND PHYLOGENY

An initial task in attempting to classify the members of this group is ascertaining what constitutes primitive and derived characters. Fall's inference that the genus Megorama is ancestral to this group appears rational and is here accepted as valid. A comparison of the chief distinguishing characters of Tricorynus (groove of anterior femora; tibial striae; mesosternal hook; elytral striae; dual system of punctures; anterior metasternal declivity set off by a carina) with Megorama ingens Fall, frontalis (Lee.), viduum Fall, and Fall's description of simplex (Lee.) shows the following conditions in Megorama; no indication of a femoral groove; outer face of anterior and middle tibiae distinctly concave, posterior tibiae less so; no evidence of a mesosternal hook; no evidence of elytral grooves; a vague indication of dual punctation in M. ingens Fall; metasternum declivous anteriorly, partially set off by a carina only in simplex (Lee.). The concavity of the tibiae I interpret as a distinct precursor condition to the striae of the tibiae in Tricorynus. The partial transverse carina of the metasternum of simplex (Lee.) is an Indication of the condition found in 40 41

Tricorynus. These two characters provide the strongest evidence to support the view that Megorama is near the group ancestral to Tricorynus. The indistinctly dual punctures of lngens Pall provide additional evidence. Accepting the general form of Megorama species as primitive leads me to believe that the species T. abnormis n. sp. is the most primitive member of the genus known at present. Its elongate form, large size, lack of elytral striae, faintly developed system of dual punctures, and general facies make it more comparable to Megorama species than any other known to me. The Mexican species T. palmarus (Guer.) is probably second most primitive. Accepting the characters exhibited by the above two species as being primitive and modifications as derived, while tempering judgment with a knowledge of the morphology of the group, a hypothetical, partial arrangement as follows results. The ancestral group consisted of rela­ tively large, elongate or robust (not gibbous) species lacking the elytral striae (this form now seen in abnormis n. sp., palmarus (Guer.), estrlatus (Horn), lentus (Pall) and conophilus (Pall)). After the ancestors of those now possess­ ing elytral grooves split off, this group continued to evolve, producing forms such as punctulatus (Lee.) and mutans (Fall); finally forms with more advanced characters appeared: tabaci (Guer.) (very coarse punctures in depressions on the head); vitiosus (Pall) (no tibial striae, not elongate in profile); abberans n. sp. (gibbous in profile, no distinct tibial 42

striae); and latus (Horn) (stout in profile). Here and else­ where the absence of tibial striae is interpreted as a secon­ dary loss rather than a primitive condition. Among the species possessing elytral grooves, the large size, genitalia, and general form of robustus (Horn) link it most closely with the species lacking elytral grooves. In fact, were it not for the elytral grooves it would be difficult to separate robustus (Horn) from estriatus (Horn). Valldus (Fall) should possibly be placed near robustus (Horn). It quite similar in size and general features, but is easily separable in not possessing a groove on the middle tibiae. Other characters which I believe to be more recent in development, thus more advanced, include gibbosity in profile, inflation or bulging of the side of the pronotum, and flat­ ness of the metasternum. The multitude of species now remaining and the minute differences between them practically prohibit even partially reliable speculation as to the sequence of evolutionary events from here on. An attempt will be made to place species into species groups with no pretense at advancing an evolutionary sequence. It will be noticed in the following groups of species that the elystral and tibial striae are often variable (the latter more often so) within a group. I believe that secondary loss or modification of these structures has occurred 43 (evidenced, I believe, by species which are variable or inter­ mediate in these characters) and that other characters are more indicative of relationships. The phylogenetic significance of the elytral and tibial striae was excessively stressed by Pall (1905)* A general similarity of facies (often difficult to characterize) and the above characters are of greater significance in plotting homologies. Following is an enumeration of the species groups and the distribution of each: 1. Estriatus group estriatus Mostly southwestern U.S. abnormis extending to southeast robustus (and Mexico) lentus conophilus tabaci punctulatus mutans vitiosus (palmarus) 2. Latus group latus Southern California and aberrans Florida sea shores 3. Nigritulus group nigritulus Eastern to southwestern parvus U.S. dlchrous debliis‘~ obscurus blfoveaFus lucidus nigripennis dispar castaneus rotundus 4. Confusus group confusus Eastern to southwestern mancus U.S. auctus ln'dlstlnctus puslllus turbldus 44 clcatrlcosus vacuus herbarlus abdomlnalls moderatus

5. Inaequalls group Inaequalls Mostly southwestern, tumldus also central U.S. megalops consobrfnus lmitans vlttabus eonJunc€us abruptus angustus 6. Ventralis group ventralis Eastern and southwest­ platyops ern U. S. oblireratus

7. Gravis group gravis Eastern to south­ porosus western U. S. arlzonlcus

8. Nubllus group nubllus Southwestern states unlformls including Utah and elutus California north to productus Canada

9- Borealis group boreali3 Eastern to north- densus central states, lower tibialis Canada and Washington 10. Congruus group congruus Florida and south­ guttiformls western states glbbulus abbreviatus 11. Obsoletus group obsoletus Far southwest exlguus 12. Fastlglatus group fastigiatus South central and floridanus south east 13. Luteotectus group luteotectus Southern California lanceolatus 14. Plnguls group plnguls Southwestern U.S. callfornlcus extremus coact'us 45 15. Texanus group texanus South central and tropicus southeastern U.S. (neltumae) (and Caribbean) Unable to place - polltus, gracilis, valldus, palllatus, posticus, punctatus, slml11s, inflatus, vestltus, carlnatus and falll.

In the following discussion the characters referred to are those which are shared by the species and the characters used are not necessarily directly comparable from one group to another. 1. Estrlatus group. This group is quite elongate (abnormls) to elongate robust in profile and not at all to only slightly gibbous (tabacl). The eyes are usually moderate

in size and the body size is usually large. The elytra usually lack elytral striae (present only in robustus); the metasternum is rounded laterally. In the male genitalia the lateral lobes are usually broadest near the base and noticeably notched apically, the stylus is usually elongate and somewhat clubbed, and the median lobe Is sinuate and broadest near its middle or apex. Abnormis is considered the most primitive member of the genus. Robustus, possessing elytral striae, may seem out of place here but were it not for these it would be difficult to dis­ tinguish from estriatus. Also its genitalia show It to belong to this group. The Mexican species palmarus (Ouer.) is also a member of this group. 46 2. Latus group. These two species are quite stout in profile, nearly rotund to distinctly gibbous. The large punctures of the pronotum are small and sparse. The elytral striae are absent and the metasternum is short. The habitat is apparently sea beaches. The wings are greatly reduced. The lateral lobes of the male genitalia are widest near the middle and distinctly notched at the apex. The median lobe is widest near or just beyond the middle. These are the only species in the genus which are known to have the wings greatly reduced. 3. Nigritulus group. Uiese vary from quite elongate (nigrlpennis) to rotund (rotundus) in profile, and are not at all gibbous (faintly so in debllis). The pubescence is sparse to very sparse and the punctures of the dorsal surface are variable in development. The eyes are usually small, the anterior tibiae are bistriate, and the middle tibiae are usually grooved (not in castaneus). The metasternum is usually rounded throughout and the size is small to very small. In the male genitalia the lateral lobes are broadest near the middle and the styli are short and broad or long and narrow and the median lobe is straight-sided to widest near the middle. A number of species of this group are of very wide dis­ tribution but are at the same time very infrequently collected. This is true of dlchrous, obscurus, rotundus and to a lesser extent nigritulus. 47 Debilis and castaneua are placed In this group with some reservations. 4. Confusus group. Hiese are rather elongate and not gibbous, to robust and rather gibbous in profile. The large punctures of the dorsal surface are usually moderate in development. The eyes are usually moderate in size. The pronotum is slightly to distinctly bulging above the anterior angle. The large punctures of the metasternum are smaller, sparser laterally, and do not attain the sides. The metaster­ num is rounded laterally and the body size is usually moderate. In the male genitalia the lateral lobes are usually

sinuate, with a "toe" present on the outer margin. The stylus is slightly to quite elongate, usually clubbed. The median lobe is often evenly narrowed apically and the internal spines are variable in some species and thus are not diagnostic. Rie median lobe of most species, in addition to other armature, bears a short apical spine internally. The bulging of the pronotum and the absence of large punctures at the side of the metasternum and the rounding of this area are nearly constant throughout the group. 5. Inaequalis group. These species are elongate, usually gibbous in profile, and the pronotum is nearly or quite evenly rounded at the side. The eyes are moderate in size to (often) large. The metasternum is usually flat throughout 48 and the large punctures easily attain the sides. The body size is moderate to rather large. The lateral lobes of the male genitalia are curved inwardly and widest at or near the middle, and the styli are short and broad to rather elongate and sometimes clubbed. The median lobe is widest at or near the base. 6. Ventralis group. These are elongate to robust in profile and are not gibbous. The eyes are often flattened. The metasternum is distinctly rounded at the side. The body size is small to moderate. The lateral lobes of the male genitalia are widest near the middle and the median lobe is usually rather sinuate. One character not mentioned above is that the profile of the head and pronotum in repose is nearly hemispherical. I have nagging doubts as to whether these species belong together. 7. Gravis group. These are robust, and not at all or only faintly gibbous in profile. The eyes are moderate to rather large in size. The large and small punctures of the dorsal surface are quite distinctly impressed. The styli of the male genitalia are curving and clubbed. The median lobe is nearly straight-sided. There is no doubt of the correct association of gravis and poroaus, but arizonlcus may be out of place. 8. Nubllus group. These are quite elongate and rather gibbous in profile. The large punctures of the dorsal surface 49 are quite small and sometimes indistinct or minute (especially on the pronotum). The metasternum is rounded laterally and the large punctures easily attain the sides. In the male genitalia the lateral lobes are widest apically and rather constricted at the base, and are notched laterally at the apex; the styli are elongate and clubbed. The median lobe is nearly straight-sided. 9. Borealis group. These are elongate to robust in pro­ file and are not gibbous. The pubescence is very short. The large punctures are absent or small and indistinct on the pro­ notum and those of the elytra are often indistinct. The eyes are smaller than in any other group with the exception of tibialis in which they are average in size. The metasternum anteriorly bears a very elongate fovea. The body size is moderate. The lateral lobes of the male genitalia are widest at the middle and are grooved laterally at the apex. The styli are narrow and elongate. The median lobe is widest just beyond the middle. There can be no doubt of the correct association of these species because of the marked similarities in nearly all features (especially in densus and borealis). 10. Congruus group. These species are elongate or robust in profile and are distinctly gibbous. The eyes are moderate to large. The metastemum is flat throughout and the large punctures easily attain the sides. The body size is moderate to small. 50 The lateral lobes of the male genitalia are nearly uniform in width throughout and a small "toe" is present. The styli are narrow, elongate, curving and faintly clubbed. The median lobe is rather sinuate and is widest just beyond the middle. A small, median, straight, Internal spine is present near the apex in addition to other armature. 11. Obsoletus group. These two species are robust and broadly rotundate in profile. The pronotum is distinctly bulging above the anterior angle. The eyes are moderate in size. The metasternum is rounded at the side. The genitalia are much like those of the confusus group. Pour internal spines are present; one is bifurcate. This group is closely associated with the confusus group but is best treated separately. 12. Fastiglatus group. These are elongate, rather robust in profile and not gibbous. The eyes are very large to moderate; the pronotum is inflated laterally. The large punctures of the dorsal surface are fine and distinct. The body size is moderate. The lateral lobes of the male genitalia are widest near the middle and a slight "toe" is present. The styli are rather elongate. These are placed together more on the basis of external similarities than genitalia. 13. Luteotectus group. These are quite elongate in profile, and are not at all or only slightly gibbous. The 51 large punctures of the dorsal surface are quite small. The metasternum is somewhat rounded laterally and the large punctures easily attain the sides. The body size is quite large. The lateral lobes of the male genitalia are grooved laterally at the apex and are widest near the middle. The median lobe is widest Just beyond the middle. 14. Pinguis group. These are stout in profile and strongly gibbous to rotundate. The pubescence is short and fine. The eyes are moderate in size. The metasternum is rather rounded laterally and the large punctures do not attain the sides. Wie lateral lobes of the male genitalia are rather leg-shaped, and a "toe" is present. The styli are narrow, elongate, and not or only faintly clubbed. The median lobe is straight-sided or a little sinuate. A small internal apical spine is present in addition to other armature. These species possess a rather distinctive symmetry which I am at a loss to characterize. In all species the pubes­ cence is quite fine and imparts a slight sheen to the surface. 15. Texanus group. These are elongate and rather gibbous in profile. A single posterior groove is present on the anterior tibia and the middle tibiae are not grooved. The pronotum laterally is distinctly bulging over the anterior margin. The metasternum is somewhat rounded laterally and 52 the large punctures easily attain the sides. The body size is moderate. The lateral lobes of the male genitalia are rather narrow and are widest near the middle. The stylus is narrow, elon­ gate, and not clubbed. The median lobe is widest near the middle. T. neltumae Pisher, of Costa Rica, also belongs to this group. These three species form an unusually well-marked group. They are most distinctive for the shape of the pronotum laterally and the single groove on the anterior tibiae. They are also quite similar in profile. The preceding arrangement leaves eleven species not placed in any group. The external anatomy and genitalia of these do not provide sufficient clues to their possible affinities to allow them to be placed in the above or distinct groups. Gracilis is the most aberrant of these. COLLECTING AND MOUNTING

Members of this genus are most often recorded as being collected by sweeping or beating. They also are fre­ quently taken at lights and some of the specimens examined have been reared from the host material. In one case (Frost and Dietrich, 1929# P* ^35) they have been collected in bait traps. Most specimens collected in northern United States have been taken from May to July. In southeastern and south­ western United States populations appear greatest in June and July but adults are collected from March to September. There is no indication that adults of this genus survive the winter. Due to the location of some of the important taxonomic characters, specimens must be mounted so that at least one- half of the ventral surface is visible. The importance of the tlbial striae and the metasternal punctures in the classi­ fication of the species requires that these characters be examined before a specimen can be successfully keyed. It is preferable, of course, that the glued point be applied to the right, ventral side of the beetle and it is suggested that the Insect be tilted slightly to the right to insure that the left, ventral half is not obscured or concealed by

53 the glue or point. Many of the specimens loaned for study have been mounted level on top of the point, often with the entire metasternum and both pair of tibiae completely con­ cealed. It is very tedious and time-consuming to remount such individuals and this can be avoided with correct mount­ ing technique. TAXONOMIC TREATMENT AND METHODS

It has been my Intention to record all literature records regarding species occuring in North America and include these in the synonoray. Even faunal lists of varying coverage have been examined during the literature survey. All are included but it is quite likely that a number of the deter­ minations for such papers are erroneous. The species descriptions are made from a representative series of individuals from the determined material. The fact that a species consists of a group of individuals exhibiting variation dictates that a description, to be of maximum bene­ fit to subsequent workers, should cover some of this variation. That which Is covered in the descriptions involves only the more important taxonomic characters. All of the types of the species described by Pall, LeConte, Horn, Hamilton and Hatch have been seen and data on the valid species of these are presented. These data include the label information, location of the type, museum number, and usually morphological information. In three cases it has been necessary to designate lectotypes. The descriptions given for holotypes of new species is much more complete than that given for old established species.

55 Of the species herein recognized from North America the types of only two (tabaci (Guer.) and herbarius (Gor.)) have not been seen. Both of these are so distinctive and well known that there can be little doubt as to the correct associ­ ation of the names. During this study descriptions of species from the Caribbean and Mexico have been examined and also specimens from these areas have been studied. It is hoped that there are now no undetected cases of synonymy within these regions and North America. If this exixts it is probably associated with some of the old, nearly useless descriptions of species of which no specimens have been seen. Lateral outline drawings of each species have been made. Within the circled areas on the elytra and pronotum of fig­ ures 2 to 81 the surface features are portrayed at normal size in relation to the specimen. On the pronotum only the surface sculpture is included. In the left half of the elytral circle the pubescence is portrayed and in the right half the surface sculpture. With only one exception (T. carinatus (Fall)) profile illustrations are drawn with the beetle as it appears in repose. This is done because a large majority of the mounted specimens are in this attitude. In the case of carinatus (Fall) the only specimen seen (holotype) had the head partially extended. The male genitalia of 72 of the 82 species are illustrated. These are also line drawings and the structure is portrayed 57 from the dorsal view in relation to its position in the specimen. Pubescence which is often (always?) present on the lateral and median lobes has not been included in these illustrations. Equipment and methods used did not allow certain detection of this. The discussion following the description of each species includes in most cases notes on male genitalia, external sex characters (if present), type data, diagnosis, larva (if known), distribution, numbers examined, variation, biology, and general notes. The microscope used during this study was a Spencer AO. The eyepieces were 15X and the objectives were IX, 3X and 6X. All illustrations were made with this microscope with the aid of a reticule lens. It is recommended that a bluish light source be used in examination of members of this genus. It is essential that the surface sculpture of these beetles be seen in any work done on them, and if a yellow or white light is used the sculpture is obscured or totally invisible due to the sheen or glistening of the surface. In ray work a table lamp with a 100 watt bulb and an aluminum foil reflector was used. Per­ manent blue ink was painted on the bulb and reflector and a very good adjustment of the color and intensity of the light was thus attained. I am convinced that there are many more species in this genus than are here recognized. I have described only those which are most distinct and represented by good series. In some cases quite distinct undescribed species have been seen which are represented by insufficient specimens and have thus not been described. The most distinct of these are dis­ cussed at the end of the text. Over 6,400 specimens from North America were examined during the course of this study. Twenty-eight institutions and four individuals have loaned their collections for this work. These collections have come from all parts of the North American continent and the specimens are from nearly every; state in continental United States.

Occasional species possess distinctive characters which are worthy of mention in the description and which are not found on other species. To save space such characters are not covered in description of all species. This is the only way in which the species descriptions are not directly com­ parable. It Is often mentioned in the discussion if a species possess suoh distinctive characters. Locality data from specimen labels are given for each species. Complete locality, date, and collector data plus place deposited Is given only for new species and those which are known from only a few specimens. Each specimen determined during this study including uncertain determinations has been given an individual determination label. KEY CHARACTERS

Before specimens cam be keyed they must be well mounted and free from scales, dirt, or other debris which might obscure surface structures. Even with well mounted specimens difficulty will be encountered in keying. Practice will be required for mastery of the key and even then one must exercise his discriminatory powers to the limit. The lateral striae at the apex of the elytra are the first characters encountered in the key and these are nearly always clear-cut. Only in luteotectus (Pall) are both of these incomplete in development and thus difficult to Interpret. In this and other cases where a character does not clearly fit one alternative or the other the species is keyed both ways from the difficult point. In just a few species the upper elytral groove is more or less weak and the lower groove is normally developed. The grooves of the outer face of the front and middle tibiae are referred to quite frequently in the key. The outer face of the front tibia is characteristically flattened and most often bears two longitudinal grooves, one anterior and one posterior. The anterior groove, when present, is

60 61 usually situated close to the margin, and fairly strong but weaker basally. The posterior groove is usually deeper throughout than the anterior and Is more variable in position. It is usually more or less marginal to nearly median. The middle tibia is not flattened as is the anterior tibia but is rather evenly rounded. It sometimes bears a single longitudinal groove posteriorly. This groove is only slightly variable in position fron one species to another, being rather marginal to very strictly so. When a groove extends less than one-haIf the length of the tibia, then that tibia is not spoken of as being grooved. This distinction is essential because a number of species which do not normally have a particular groove may, in some individuals, have vestiges of the groove extending one-fourth to one-third the length of the tibia. The disposition of the large punctures of the metasternum are useful in breaking up the complex of species. They are nearly always present, at least at the center. When the expression "large punctures easily attain side" is used it means that these are not or just slightly smaller and sparser laterally but do not reach the size of the smaller punctures before attaining the side. If they are said to not attain the side then they are distinctly smaller and sparser later­ ally and reach the size of the small punctures or cease before attaining the side. 62 The form of the pronotum at its side is sometimes taxonomically useful. If a pronotum is spoken of as being evenly rounded laterally then it appears as a segment of a sphere. If it is bulging laterally above the anterior angle then it is produced into a rounded overhang above this part. In some species the bulge runs above the margin before the anterior angle. The lateral portion of the pronotum in some species is best described as inflated. In such cases the surface appears rather evenly swollen. Other terms describ­ ing modifications of this area are self-explanatory. The final character requiring explanation is gibbosity in profile. When a species is spoken of as being gibbous in pro­ file this means that the dorsal outline attains its greatest degree of curvature above the humeral region. When this occurs the pronotal outline frequently continues this round- ness or is sharply, roundly declivous and the elytral outline is flatter in curvature and is often tapering from the shoulder region. The two species abbreviatus (Pall), fig. 2, and extremus n. sp., fig. 30, represent the extreme development of gibbosity. Gibbulus gibbulus (Pall), fig. 4l, and inaequalis (Fall), fig. 38, are rather strongjy gibbous in profile. Both gravis (Lee.), fig. 34, and herbarius (Gor.), fig. 37» can be described as faintly or somewhat gibbous in profile. Relative proportions of parts are frequently referred to in the key and descriptions and it is essential that a micro- 63 scope equipped with a cross hatch or a micrometer scale be available so that these characters can be used. A number of species, because of variability of certain characters, are keyed out at two or more places. Gibbulus (Pall) is the most variable species in the genus and is keyed out at three different places in the key. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

The following abbreviations are used in the text in referring to sources of material or place where types have been deposited.

AMCT - Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas.

AMNH - American Museum of Natural History.

CAF - C. A. Frost collection.

CAS - California Academy of Sciences.

CC - Clamson College.

CDA - Canada Department of Agriculture.

CM - Carnegie Museum.

CNHM - Chicago Natural History Museum. CU - Cornell University.

FDA - Florida Department of Agriculture.

FAES - Florida Agricultural Experiment Station.

HC - H. F. Howden collection.

INKS - Illinois Natural History Survey.

ISC - Iowa State College.

LA CM - Los Angeles County Museum.

MCZ - Museum of Comparative Zoology.

OSU — Ohio State University.

64 ou - Ohio University.

OkSU - Oklahoma State University.

PANS - Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences

PU - Purdue University.

REW - R. E . White collection.

SJSC - San Jose State College.

SDSC - South Dakota State College.

USNM - United States National Museum.

UA - University of Arizona.

UCB - University of California at Berkeley.

UCD - University of California at Davis.

UD - University of Delaware.

UI - University of Idaho.

UK - University of Kansas.

UMn - University of Minnesota.

UMs - University of Missouri. VMK _ V. M. Kirk collection. LIST OP SPECIES

This study covers a total of 82 species, 25 of these being described as new. Also four subspecies are described and a total of five recognized for the genus. Three species covered by Fall (1905) are not included in this study because they apparently do not occur in North America. In both this list and the following text the species are arranged alphabetically. The extreme similarities of members of the genus provide slight basis for constructing a systematic sequence, so rather than embarking on a systematic arrangement based on pure speculation and fraught with a high degree of uncertainty, an alphabetical arrange­ ment has been followed.

66 Tricorynus abbrevlatus (Lee.) lnflatus n. sp. abdomlnalls n. sp. lanceolatus n. sp. aberrans n. sp. latus (Horn) abnormls n. sp. lentus (Pall) abruptus n. sp. lucldus n. so. angustus' (Pall) luteotectus (Pall) arlzonlcus n. sp. mancus (Pall) auctus (Tec.) megalops n. sp. blfoveatus n. sp. moderatus n* sp. borealis (Lee.) mutans' (Fall) callfornlcus n. sp. nlgrlpennls (Pall) callfornlcus n. sbsp. nigritulus (Lee.) concolor n. sbsp. nubllus (Pall) carinatus (Pall) obllteratus n. sp. castaneus (Ham.) obscurus n. sp. clcatrlcosus (Pall) obsoletus (Lee.) coactus n. "sp. palllatijnir (Pall) confusus (Pall) parvus (Fall) congruus (Fall) plnguls (Pall) con.1unctus (Pall) platyops n. so. conophllus (Pall) polltus (Pall) consobrlnus (Pall) porosus (Fall) debills (Lee.) posticus (Pall) densus (Pall) productus n. sp. dlchrous (Pall) punctatus (Lee.) dlspar (Pall) punctulatus (Lee.) elutus n. sp. puslllus (Lee.) estrlatus (Horn) robustus (Horn) exlguus TFall) rotundus (vfhlte) extremus n. sp. slmllls (Lee.) falllTPlc) tabacl (Guer.) fastlgiatus (Pall) texanus n. sp. florldanus (Pic) tibialis n. sp. gibbulus (Pall) tropicus n. so. gibbulus n. sbsp. tumldus (Fall) pubescens n. sbsp. turbldus (Pall) elongatus n. sbsp. unlformls (Pall) gracilis (Fall) vacuus (Fall) gravis fLec.) valldus (Pall) guttlformls n. sp. ventralls (Lee.) herbarlus (Gor.) vestltus (Pall) lmltan3 n. sp. vltlosus (Fall) inaequalls (Pall) vlttatus" n. sp. lndlsblricCus (Pall) KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OP TRICORYNUS

I. Elytra without distinctly impressed lateral striae at apical h a l f ...... 2 II. Elytra with two lateral striae at apical half (may be concealed by pubescence), upper one

occasionally feeble or obsolete ...... 12 2(l). Anterior tibiae bisulcate on outer face .... 3 2'. Anterior tibiae lacking grooves or with a single very short groove on outer face .... 11 3(2). Middle tibiae grooved along posterior margin, at least basally...... 4 3'. Middle tibiae not grooved along posterior

margin ...... 8 4(3). Eyes small, separated by 2.8 to 3.0 times their vertical diameter; metasternum short, at its shortest point equal to second abdominal segment at its side; shore line of southern California ...... latus 4'. Eyes fairly large to moderate in size, separated by 1.9 to 2.5 times their vertical diameter; metasternum not short, at its shortest point obviously longer than

second abdominal segment at side; Texas to Southern California ...... 5 68 69 5(4'). Pubescence extremely dense, completely conceal­ ing surface sculpture, fig. 47; lateral striae of elytra rather obviously indicated; southern California ...... luteotectus 5'. Pubescence not or only slightly concealing surface sculpture; lateral elytral striae very feeble or not indicated; Texas to southern California ...... 6 6(5’). Larger punctures of metasternum but slightly smaller laterally, quite distinct at sides ...... conophilus

6'. Larger punctures of metasternum markedly reduced in size laterally, not attaining sides or barely distinguishable from small punctures there ...... 7 7(6'). Length 3.2 to 5.6 mm.; pubescence light yellowish grey; Texas to southern California (frequently collected)...... estriatus 7 ‘. Length 2.6 to 3.4 mm.; pubescence light yellow with an orange luster; southern Arizona (infrequently collected) ...... lentus

8(3'). Head with a shallow, black, very coarsely punctate depression before each eye ...... tabaci 8'. Head normal, without a pair of coarsely punctate depressions ...... 9 70

9(8*). Large punctures of metasternum extremely small, indistinct; inner anterior fovea of metasternum much larger than outer; Nevada and California ...... abnormis

9*. Large punctures of metasternum rather large, quite distinct; inner fovea of metasternum smaller than outer; Texas to Arizona ...... 10

10(9') Larger punctures of head not or but slightly smaller than those at sides of pronotum; inner fovea of metasternum located midway between outer fovea and center of metasternum...... punctulatus

1 0 *. Larger punctures of head usually distinctly smaller than those at sides of pronotum; inner fovea of metasternum closer to center of metasternum than to outer fo v e a ...... mutans

11(2 ') Terminal palpal segments distinctly notched at apex; small punctures at sides of pronotum sparse (fig. 4); shores of Florida...... aberrans

11*. Terminal palpal segments not notched; small punctures at sides of pronotum dense (fig. 8l); southern Texas ...... vitiosus 12(1') Anterior tibiae lacking distinct striae on outer face or with only on e ...... 13 71 12* . Anterior tibiae bisulcate on outer face, both striae distinct, each extending at least one-

half of t i b i a ...... 25 13(12). Anterior tibia lacking distinct striae, a single groove shallowly or finely indicated

at b e s t ...... 14

13'. Anterior tibia with a distinct groove...... 15 14(13). Not gibbous in profile (fig. 31); Florida and Louisiana ...... florldanus

14*. Distinctly gibbous in profile (fig. 4l); Texas to California ...... glbbulus

15(13') Groove of anterior tibia along anterior margin ...... gibbulus

15'. Groove of anterior tibia along posterior margin or nearly median ...... 16

16(15') Middle tibia distinctly grooved along posterior margin ...... 17 1 6*. Middle tibia not grooved along posterior m a r g i n ...... 18

17(16). Metasternum strongly, longitudinally carinate at center...... carinatus

17'. Metasternum not carinate at center . . . ventrails 1 8 (1 6 *). Groove of anterior tibia extending one- half to two-thirds length of tibia; anterior tibia distinctly flattened at apical one-third southern ? Florida. . abbreviate 72 18'. Groove of anterior tibiae nearly always extending two-thirds to entire length of tibia; anterior tibia not or faintly flattened at apical one- third; Florida to Texas to California...... 19

19(18') Pronotum at sides very strongly bulging above anterior a n g l e ...... 20

19'. Pronotum at sides evenly rounded, not or only very faintly bulging above anterior angle . . . 21

20(19). Larger punctures of metasternum only somewhat smaller laterally, easily attaining sides; southern Florida ...... tropicus 2 0 '. Larger punctures of metasternum distinctly smaller laterally, not or just barely attain­ ing sides; southern Texas ...... texanus

21(19') Larger punctures of metasternum distinctly smaller laterally, not or just barely attain­ ing sides; profile rotundate (fig. 16) or distinctly gibbous (fig. 30) ...... 22 21'. Larger punctures of metasternum not or very slightly smaller laterally, very easily attain­ ing sides; not gibbous (fig. 49) or elongate gibbous (fig. 3 8 ) ...... 23 22(21). Form in profile very distinctly gibbous (fig. 30); A r i z o n a ...... extremus 2 2 ' . Form in profile nearly rotundate, not gibbous (fig. 16); California ...... coactus 73 23(2 1 ') . Not at all gibbous in profile (fig. 49); southern Arizona...... megalops

23' . Quite strongly gibbous in profile (figs. 5 and 38); Texas to Arizona...... 24

24(23*) . Very abruptly gibbous in profile (fig. 5)i larger punctures near sides of metasternum noticeably larger than those at sides of

pronotum...... abruptus 24' . More evenly gibbous in profile (fig. 38); larger punctures near sides of metasternum noticeably smaller than those at sides of pronotum ...... inaequalls 25(12'). Middle tibia grooved along posterior margin .. 26

25*. Middle tibia without a posterior groove . . . . 60 26(25). Metasternum strongly, longitudinally carinate at center ...... punctatus 2 6 ' . Metasternum not carinate...... 27 27(2 6 '). Pubescence exceedingly short and sparse, hairs on elytra separated by more than their own length (fig. 2 5 ) ...... 28

27' . Pubescence normal to dense, hairs of elytra separated by less than their own length. . . . 29

28(27). Pronotum at sides with small punctures quite evident (fig. 2 5); elytra very minutely alutaceous ...... dlspar 74

28'. Pronotum at sides lacking small punctures (fig. 46); elytra not alutaceous ...... lucidus 29(27'). Upper elytral groove very indistinct or completely absent (fig. 2 7) ...... gracilis 29'. Both elytral grooves quite distinct .... 30 30(29'). Head on each side with a distinct fovea between antennal insertion and eye; large punc­ tures at sides of pronotum rapidly diminishing in size dorsally ...... blfoveatus 30'. Head lacking foveae; large punctures at sides of pronotum normal or absent...... 31 31(30'). Pubescence very dense, strongly obscuring to completely concealing surface sculpture; Arizona, California and Nevada ...... 32 31'. Pubescence moderate to sparse in density, somewhat obscuring surface sculpture at best; various localities ...... 33 32(31). Form in profile stout, strongly gibbous (fig. 5 8); large punctures of pronotum not crescent-shaped; pubescence extremely dense

...... palliatu3

32'. Form in profile elongate, not or faintly gibbous (fig. 7 9); large punctures of pro­ notum crescent-shaped; pubescence less dense

...... vestitus 75 33(31'). Form In profile extremely elongate (fig. 26); punctures at side of pronotum indistinct; U t a h ...... elutus 33'. Form in profile never so elongate; punctures at side of pronotum distinct; various localities ...... 34 34(33'). Pronotum at side with small punctures only, quite distinct, large punctures, if evident, intergrading in size with small punctures or present at posterior margin only and very

m i n u t e ...... 35 341. Pronotum at side with both large and small punctures, these not intergrading, evenly

distributed...... 39 35(34). Large punctures of pronotum just evident, intergrading with small and evenly distributed; very elongate in profile; Utah ...... productus 331. Large punctures of pronotum absent or present only at posterior margin; rotund to elongate in profile; eastern states ...... 36

36(35')* Form in profile nearly evenly rotundate (fig. 6 2); large punctures of elytra distinct...... rotundus 36'. Form in profile distinctly elongate (figs. 22 and 2 7); large punctures absent or quite indistinct or elytra ...... 37 37(36') . Elytra with a single lateral groove, lower one short but distinct, upper absent or extremely feeble; color orange ...... gracilis

37’. Elytra with two lateral grooves, both strong, distinct; color dark reddish to b l a c k ...... 38

38(37’). Eyes large to moderate, separated by 1.6 to 2.3 times their, vertical diameter; lateral raised margin of pronotum evident...... dichrous 38'. Eyes very small, separated by 3.1 to 4.0 times their vertical diameter; pronotum lacking lateral raised margin ...... densus

39(34') . Large punctures of metasternum not or just slightly smaller, sparser laterally, easily attaining sides ...... 40

39'. Large punctures of metasternum distinctly small, sparser laterally, not or just barely attaining sides ...... 52

40(39). Form in profile elongate, faintly gibbous (fig. 53); larger punctures of pronotum very small; California and Nevada north to Canada ...... nubilus 77 40'. Form elongate, not gibbous (fig. 6 9 ) to very strongly gibbous (fig. 35); large punctures of pronotum usually larger; Atlantic coast states to Arizona...... 41

4l(40'). Both large and small punctures of pronotum indistinct and sparse; not gibbous (fig. 59); 1.75 to 2.0 mm.; Illinois and Indiana . . . parvus

41'. Large and small punctures of pronotum usually distinct, never sparse; form, size, and localities variable ...... 42 42(41') . Eyes very large to moderate in size, separated by 1.2 to 2.2 times their vertical diameter . . 43

42'. Eyes moderate to rather small, separated by 2.3 to 2.7 times their vertical diameter . . . 49

43(42). Form in profile elongate, not at all gibbous (figs. 76 and 6 9 ) ...... 44 43'. Form in profile stout, a little gibbous (fig. 6 3) to strongly gibbous (fig. 35) • • • 45

44(43). Large punctures of dorsal surface very minute (fig. 76) metasternum and metepisternum lacking anterior foveae; Texas to Arizona . . . unlformis

44'. Large punctures of dorsal surface more normal in size (fig. 6 9 ); metasternum and metepister­ num with anterior foveae; Atlantic coast states to T e x a s ...... similis 45(43') . Pubescence yellowish with a golden tinge; North Carolina to Florida to Mississippi .... porosus

45'. Pubescence yellowish, not golden; Texas to Arizona...... 46

46(45') . Length 2.4 to 3*3 mm.; pubescence shorter, denser (fig. 73) ...... tumidus 46'. Length 1.5 to 2.3 mm.; pubescence longer, sparser (fig. 6 8 ) ...... 47 47(46') . Eyes somewhat to distinctly flattened; quite strongly gibbous in profile (fig. 35) • • • • ...... guttiformis

47'. Eyes bulging normally; slightly (fig. 21) to rather gibbous in profile (fig. 68) ...... 48

48(47') . Form in profile more gibbous (fig. 68); small punctures at side of pronotum sparser; length 1.5 to 2.1 m m ...... posticus 48'. Form in profile less gibbous (fig. 21); small punctures at side of pronotum denser; length 2.0 to 2.3 mm...... congruus 49(42') . Quite elongate in profile (fig. 45); Texas to Arizona ...... nigripennls

49'. Much stouter in profile (fig. 52); eastern states to Oklahoma...... 50

50(49') . Large punctures at side of pronotum larger, more distinct (fig. 52); surface distinctly s h i n i n g ...... nigrltulus 50'. Large punctures at side of pronotum smaller, less distinct (figs. 55 and 59)', surface rather feebly shining ...... 51 51(50'). Light reddish brown in color; pronotum at side flat from front to b a c k ...... parvus 51'. Usually nearly black, sometimes light reddish brown; pronotum at side evidently rounded front to back ...... obscurus 52(39'). Head vaguely longitudinally carinate at center; pronotum quite evenly inflated at side; eyes never flat, separated by 1.3 to

1.9 times their vertical diameter; southern T e x a s ...... fastigiatus 52'. Head never carinate; pronotum usually evenly rounded at side; eyes sometimes flat, separated by 1.4 to 2.7 times their vertical diameter; eastern states to Arizona ...... 53 53(52'). Small punctures of pronotum unusually strong, quite distinct (fig. 34); side of pronotum evidently to quite distinctly inflated immediately above anterior angle; eastern states to Texas ...... gravis 53’. Small punctures of pronotum normal to rather indistinct; side of pronotum strongly or evenly rounded to nearly flat; various localities...... 54 54(53'). Length 3.3 to 4.2 mm.; larger punctures of dorsal surface very small (fig. 6 5); southern to south­ western T e x a s ...... robustus 54'. Length 1.6 to 3*4 mm.; large punctures of dorsal surface normal; Florida and Georgia

to A r i z o n a ...... 55 55(54'). Small punctures of elytra quite sparse (fig. 19)J Georgia and Florida ...... debilis 5 5'. Snail punctures of elytra denser (as fig. 6l); Texas to Arizona...... 56 56(55'). Form in profile narrow, elongate (fig. 45); body usually black or dull reddish black .... nigripennis 5 6'. Form in profile much stouter (figs. 29 and 6l) body reddish brown to dark b r o w n ...... 57 57(56'). Eyes distinctly flattened; southern Texas ...... platyops 57'. Eyes bulging normally to somewhat flattened;

arizona to T e x a s ...... 58 58(57')• Form in profile nearly evenly convex (fig. 2 9) ...... fall!

5 8'. Form in profile gibbous or rather elongate, not c o n v e x ...... 59 59(5 8') Rather gibbous in profile (fig. 21); Texas . . congruus 81

59'. Rather elongate, not gibbous In profile (fig. 7)i Arizona and New Mexico ...... arizonicus

60(25') . Pubescence exceedingly short and sparse, hairs of elytra separated by more than

their lengths (fig. 1 3 ) ...... 6l 60'. Pubescence normal to dense, hairs of elytra separated by much less than their lengths

(fig. 2 3 ) ...... 62 6l(60). Lateral striae of elytra continued to base by shallow, punctate grooves; stout in profile (fig. 13); eastern states to Florida to Texas ...... castaneus

61'. Lateral striae not continued to base; more elongate in profile (fig. 64); southern Florida ..

...... politus 62(60') . Larger punctures of metasternum not or slightly smaller, sparser laterally, easily

attaining sides ...... 63 62'. Larger punctures of metasternum obviously smaller, sparser laterally, not or just attain­ ing sides, these rarely absent...... 75 63(62). Pubescence extremely dense, completely concealing surface sculpture (fig. 47); length 3.8 to 4.6 mm.; southern California ...... luteotectus 82

63'. Pubescence moderate in density, never completely concealing surface sculpture; length 1.6 to 3-9 mm.; various localities...... 64 64(63')• Eyes very small, separated by 2.8 to 3.4 times their vertical diameter; pronotum feebly rounded a at side, flat or concave from front to back; Michigan to Manitoba ...... borealis 64'. Eyes large to moderate, separated by 1.4 to 2.4 times their vertical diameter; pronotum rounded at side to inflated or bulging; various localities...... 65 65(64'). Pronotum at side strongly inflated or distinctly bulging; Florida ...... inflatus 6 5'. Pronotum at side not inflated or bulging, evenly rounded; mostly western states ...... 66 66(65'). Large punctures of pronotum indistinct, inter­ grading with small punctures...... 67 66'. Large punctures of pronotum distinct, not inter­ grading with small punctures...... 68 6 7(6 6). Anterior tibiae flattened at apex; length 2.0 to 2.2 mm.; North Carolina ...... tibialis

6 7'. Anterior tibiae not flattened at apex; length 2.8 to 3.0 mm; U t a h ...... productus 68(66'). Form in profile elongate, not at all gibbous (fig. 6 ) ...... 69 68*. Form in profile elongate, distinctly gibbous (figs. 41 and 44)...... 70 6 9 (6 8). Eyes larger, separated by about 1.88 times their vertical diameter; length 2.3 to 2.8 mm.; Kansas ...... angustus

69'. Eyes smaller, separated by 2.0 to 2.2 times their vertical diameter, length 2.7 to 3.4 mm.; California...... con.lunctus

70(68'). Metasternum moderately, nearly evenly rounded throughout from front to back; pronotum short; body very elongate (fig. 44); large punctures very small; California ...... lanceolatus 70'. Metasternum nearly or quite flat throughout from front to back; pronotum normal; body less elongate; large punctures not so small; various

localities...... 71 71(70'). Posterior groove of anterior tibiae marginal; pubescence denser, somewhat obscuring surface sculpture (fig. 4l); length 1 .6 to 2.7 mm., gibbulus 71'. Posterior groove of anterior tibiae not marginal; pubescence less dense, not or but faintly obscuring surface sculpture; length 2 .2 to 3.3 mm...... 72 72(71'). Light reddish brown in color; metasternum without a distinct anterior fovea at side (fig. 8 0); Kansas ...... vittatus 84

72'. Rather light brown to dark reddish brown; metasternum usually with an anterior fovea (fig. 5); Texas and Arizona 73

73(72')• Very strongly and abruptly gibbous in profile (fig. 5); T e x a s ...... abruptus 73'. Less strongly, not abruptly gibbous in profile (fig. 20); Texas to A r i z o n a ...... 74 74(73'). Large punctures of metasternum smaller, denser; a longitudinal line through metasternum midway between center and side intersects or touches an average of six punctures; Arizona and New Mexico ...... consobrinus 74'. Large punctures of metasternum larger, sparser; a longitudinal line through metasternum midway between center and side intersects or touches an

average of four punctures; Texas ...... imitans 75(62'). Pubescence extremely dense, completely concealing surface sculpture; stout, strongly gibbous in profile (fig. 58) ...... palliatus 75'. Pubescence never concealing surface sculpture; never so stoutly gibbous...... 76 76(75'). Elytra with a single distinct lateral groove at apical half, upper one absent or very feebly

indicated...... 77 85 76'. Elytra with two distinct lateral grooves at apical half, upper not or only slightly weaker than l o w e r ...... 78

77(76). Large punctures of elytra tending to form poorly defined bands or rows (fig. 51); metasternum with two foveae anteriorly on each side . . obllteratus

77’. Large punctures of elytra quite confused (fig. 42); metasternum with a single fovea anteriorly on each s i d e ...... mancus

78(76*) . Large punctures of elytra distinctly arranged in rows (fig. 3 7 ) ...... herbarlus 78'. Large punctures of elytra confused, never arranged in r o w s ...... 79

79(78') . Pronotum at side nearly flat to somewhat concave; large punctures absent on pronotum, indistinct on elytra (fig. 23); Michigan and Wyoming to Canada..

79'...... borealis ✓ 79’. Pronotum at side evenly rounded to distinctly bulging, large punctures usually present and distinct; various localities ...... 80

80(79') Pronotum at side evenly rounded, appearing as a segment of a sphere...... 81 80'. Pronotum at side not evenly rounded, bulging or more sharply rounded above anterior angle . . . 85 8l(8o). Form in profile stout, distinctly gibbous (fig. 57); Texas to Arizona ...... pinguis 86

8 1 '. Form in profile more elongate, not or only slightly gibbous (fig. 3); various localities ...... 82 82(81'). Abdominal sutures at side noticeably raised, area beneath finely roughened (fig. 3)j profile elon­ gate, slightly gibbous; Arizona .... abdomlnalis 82'. Abdominal sutures normal, not raised (fig. 10); profile not gibbous; California and Texas. . . . 83 83(82') . Eyes distinctly flattened; Texas ...... platyops

83'. Eyes bulging normally; California ...... 84 84(83') . Length 2.2 to 3.1 nan.; rather convex in profile (fig. 1 0 ) ...... californicus 84'. Length 1.7 to 2.0 mm.; not convex, more elongate in profile (fig. 7 1 ) ...... pusillus 85(80'). Length 3 .6 to 4.0 mm.; strongly robust in profile; Texas ...... validus

85'. Length 1.5 to 3.0 mm.; less robust; various localities...... 86

86(85') . Upper elytral groove much weaker than lower (fig. 42); not convex in profile mane us 8 6 '. Upper elytral groove as strong as lower; some­ times convex in profile...... 87 87(86'). Strongly convex in profile (fig. 32); large punctures of pronotum quite small; California . 88

87'. Faintly convex (fig. 11) at best; large punc-, tures of pronotum larger; eastern U.S. to Arizona 87 8 8(8 7). Length 2.1 to 3.0 mm.; dark reddish to black in p a r t ...... obsoletus

8 8*. Length 1.7 to 2.1 mm.; light reddish brown to rather dark reddish ...... exlguus

89(87’)• Rather gibbous in profile (figs 48 and 7 7); southern Texas to Arizona...... 90

89’. Elongate to faintly gibbous in profile (fig.

15); eastern states to T e x a s ...... 91 9 0 (8 9). Form in profile more evenly tapering poster­ iorly (fig. 7 7); median lobe of male genitalia with three internal spines (fig. 151); Arizona ...... vacuus

90' Form in profile less evenly tapering posteriorly (fig. 48); median lobe of male genitalia with five internal spines (fig. 122); Texas (common) to Arizona (rare) .... moderatus

90(89'). Form in profile more robust (figs. 11 and 1 3); length 1 .8 to 2 .8 mm...... 92 91'. Form in profile more elongate (fig. 74); length 1 .5 to 2 .3 mm 93 . 9 2(9 1). Faintly gibbous in profile (fig. 15); length 2.2 to 2.8 mm.; Florida and Georgia (infrequently collected) ...... clcatricosus 92'. Not gibbous in profile (fig. ll); length 1.8 to 2.6 mm.; northeastern states to Florida to Texas;

frequently collected ...... confusus 88

93(91'). Large punctures at side of pronotum extremely large (fig. 7*0; eyes separated by 2.1 to 2.4 times their vertical diameter; southeastern states to Louisiana...... turbidus 931. Large punctures at side of pronotum smaller (fig. 14); eyes separated by 1.5 to 2.2 times their vertical diameter; eastern states to Mississippi, also California ...... 94 94(93'). Large punctures of metasternum gradually smaller, sparser laterally, nearly or quite attaining side; North Carolina to Florida to Mississippi ...... auctus

94'. Large punctures of metasternum abruptly smaller, sparser laterally, usually rather broadly absent at sides; New Jersey to Florida, also California...... 95 95(94'). Eyes larger, separated by 1.5 to 2.0 times their vertical diameter; Florida to New Jersey ...... indistinctus

95'. Eyes smaller, separated by 2.0 to 2.2 times their vertical diameter; California . . . pusillus 89

TRICORYNUS Waterhouse

Tricorynus Waterhouse, 1849, p. lxviii; Lacordaire, 1857# p. 525# Gemminger and Harold, 1869# p. 1784; Gorham, 1883, p. 207; Gorham, 1898, p. 325; Pic, 1912b, p. 6 8; Blackwelder, 1945# P* 405. T. zeae (Water­ house), type of genus by monotypy. Catorama Guerin-Meneville, 1850, p. 431; Guerin-Meneville, 1851, p. cxv; Lacordaire, 1857# p. 525; LeConte, 1865, p. 2 3 8; LeConte, 1866, p. 57; Gemminger and Harold,..^ 1869, p. 1784; Crotch, 1873# p. 81; Austin, 1880, p. 32; LeConte and Horn, 1883, p. 225; Henshaw, 1885, p. 84; Pall, 1905, p. 225; Blatchely, 1910, p. 879; Pic, 1912b, p. 68; Boving, 1927# p. 58; Bradley, 1930, p. 203; Blackwelder, 1945# p. 405; White, 1962, p. 23. T. tabaci (Guerin), type of genus by monotypy. Hemiptychus LeConte, 1865, p. 239; LeConte, 1866, p. 57; Gemminger and Harold, 1869, p. 1784; Crotch, 1873, p. 81; Austin, 1880, p. 32; LeConte and Horn, 1883, p. 225; Henshaw, 1885, p. 84; Pall, 1905# p. 226; Pic, 1912b, p. 68; Leng, 1920, p. 243; Blackwelder,

1945# P. 405. Cathorama Gemminger and Harold, 1869, p. 1784; Gorham, 1883, p. 207; Gorham, 1898, p. 325; Pic, 1912b, p. 68; Blackwelder, 1945# p. 405. Emendation of Catorama. 90

Xylotheca Reitter, l897.» p. 204; Everts, 1903 > p. 242; Pic, 1912a, p. 16; Pic, 1912b, p. 68; Blackwelder, 1945, p. 405. T. meieri (Reitter), type of genus by monotypy.

The above synonomy includes only those papers presenting data on the respective genus or major lists reflecting contem­ porary usage. Diagnosis - . The most distinctive single character of the genus Tricorynus is the short transverse groove of the dorso-anterior face of the anterior femora. As far as is known this is present in no other genus of Anobiidae. Other important characters include the striae on the outer face of the anterior and middle tibiae (usually present at least on anterior tibiae and in no other genus), the mesosternal hook (always present but occuring in other genera), lateral elytral striae (usually present but similar structures occur in other genera), and the dual system of punctures (usually present and rarely occuring in other genera). Generic Characters-. Color usually some shade of reddish brown; pubescence fine, recumbent, nearly always uniform in distribution; body surfaces usually with a dual system of punctures; body strongly contractile. Head-.impressed line present above antennal insertion; clypeus evident; labrum reduced; eyes large to small; maxillary and labial palpi each three-segpnented; antennae

10-segmented, last three segments markedly enlarged. 91 Pronotum- hoodlike, head concealed dorsally in repose; nearly evenly rounded; anterior angle nearly a right angle; posterior angle feeble; scute Hu m small. Elytra- lateral margin indented at level of hind leg, more broadly so at level of middle leg; two lateral apical striae usually present. Beneath- dorso-anterior face of anterior femora with a short transverse groove; outer face of anterior tibiae flattened and usually bearing two grooves; anterior coxae contiguous; mesosternum produced posteriorly between middle coxae into a posteriorly curved hook; middle coxae narrowly separated; outer face of middle tibiae often grooved poster­ iorly; metasternum usually with distinct pits at side behind transverse carina; metepisternum nearly always parallel­ sided, nearly always foveate anteriorly; posterior coxae narrowly separated, attaining elytra laterally, first abdominal segment excavate for hind legs, suture evident to obsolete, visible only at center; remaining three sutures quite distinct. SYSTEMATICS

The name Catorama has been used for the members of this group for over 100 years. In this paper Catorama is synomized with the older name Tricorynus. Kie genus Tricorynus was described by G. R. Waterhouse in 1849 on the basis of a single species, T. zeae. The article appeared on pages lxviii to lxx of the meeting of June 4, 1849 in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London. Hie Registrar of the Royal Entomological Society of London informs me that this portion appeared in print in late 1849. In the Index Animalium the date of publication is given as November, 1849. No illustrations are given in the above paper, but the close agreement of members of Catorama with the description of Tricorynus leaves no doubt in my mind that the two are congeneric and Tricorynus should replace Catorama. E. B. Britton (British Museum of Natural History) has attempted without success to locate type specimens of Tricorynus in his museum. The original description was made from specimens provided by Spence. Dr. Britton states that if Spence had a collection it is now lost. He believes that if Waterhouse retained the specimens they would now be in

92 93 the British Museum, and since he was unable to locate them he feels that there is but slight chance that these speci­ mens can now be found. The genus Catorama was described in 1850 by P. E. Guerin- Meneville. The Index Animalium gives the date of publication as August I85O. The genus was based on the single species C. tabaci. The generic and species descriptions plus the drawings in the plate leave no doubt as to the correct association of the generic name with this group and the

identity of tabaci. Dr. A. Villiers (Museum National d'Histoire Naturelie, Paris) informs me that though other of Guerin's types are deposited in his museum the type of tabaci is not to be found. Lacordaire (1857* PP. 525-6) appears to have been the first to suggest that Tricorynus might be synonymous with Catorama, but he accepted Catorama as the correct name for the genus. Gemminger and Harold (1869, p. 1784) list both Catorama and Tricorynus as synonyms of the emended Cathorama. Waterhouse's T. zeae is placed in their list of Cathorama.

H. S. Gorham (1883, p. 207, and 1898, p. 3 2 5) refers to Tricorynus in connection with Cathorama (the name which he used) and infers that it probably is not distinct from Cathorama but fails to propose it as the proper name for the genus. 94

It is interesting to note that Fall (1905) makes no reference to the name Tricorynus. This is surprising because he mentions having seen .Lacordaire's description of this genus (p. 226) in which paper it was first suggested that Tricorynus might be synonymous with Catorama. It might be noted in passing that Fall's Latin endings were in error. He gave the species neuter endings when they should have been feminine; as in Pic, 1912b, p. 68. This error was discussed by Pic (1912c, p. 70). Pic (1912b, p. 68) lists Tricorynus as a synonym of Catorama but continued the entrenched practice of using the younger name for the genus. Blackwelder (1945, p. 405) also listed Tricorynus as a synonym of Catorama. The above presents the puzzling situation of one worker after another who have been more or less aware of the exist­ ence of an older available name for a group but who have consistently used a younger incorrect name for it. The absence of the name Tricorynus from Scudder's list of genera (1879) may partially explain why this name was not substituted for Catorama by some of the workers subsequent to 1879. 1116 lists of Zoological genera (Neave, Schulze, Scudder, Percheron, Agassiz, Sherborn, Waterhouse and Marschall) have shown that Tricorynus is not a homonym. 95

Trlcorynus abbreviates (LeGonte) n. comb. Figures 2, 84 Hemiptychus abbrevlatus LeConte, 1878, p. 408; Austin, 1880,

p. 32; Henshaw, 1885, p. 84. Catorama abbreviatum (LeConte), Fall, 1905* p. 238; Pic, 1912b, p. 68; Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Dorsal surface, metastemum, and usually head dull reddish to reddish brown, abdomen and sometimes head lighter, surfaces sometimes clouded with blackish, body margins frequently rimmed with black; elytra parallel­ sided or very slightly narrowed from humeri; body 1.5 to 1.6 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, light yellowish grey; rather stout, very strongly gibbous in profile; larger punctures of elytra small, moderate in density, those at sides of pronotum smaller, much denser, separated on an average by about their diameters. Head - Eyes fairly large, separated by 1.9 to 2.1 times their vertical diameter, fairly obviously bulging; eighth antennal segment about 1.3 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 1.7 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus almost as wide as long, outer margin somewhat Inwardly arcuate. 96 Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded, appear­ ing faintly inflated. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae at apical half, upper one often incomplete or weaker apically. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia with a single, strong, posterior stria in basal half to two-thirds, anterior stria sometimes finely indicated at apical third, never half as long as tibia, outer face flattened at apical third; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum nearly flat throughout, very feebly rounded at sides; large punctures at center moderately large, fairly dense, much smaller laterally, attaining side, those at center distinctly larger, less dense than those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a single, elongate, rather narrow fovea.

Length - 1.9 to 2.9 nun.

Male genitalia - Median lobe rather broad and truncate apically; lateral lobes feebly indented at apex, styli clubbed; two small and three moderate-sized spines present in median lobe. Type material - The type was taken at Capron, Florida, on March 23 and is in the LeConte collection in MCZ. It bears the type number 3641. It is light reddish brown, a little more gibbous in profile than usual, and the anterior groove of the anterior tibia is short but evident. 97 Distribution - Six specimens (three of them taken In April, the others without a date) from the following Florida localities have been seen: Capron, Biscayne, Miami, and Marco. Fall (1905, p. 2 3 8) recorded specimens from Lake Worth and Key Largo, Florida. Variation - The trace of an anterior stria on the anterior tibia is variable in its development. Two specimens seen have no indication of a stria, four others exhibit a very finely impressed marginal groove extending up to one-third the length of the tibia. A single specimen seen is unusual in regard to the punctures at the side of the pronotum; the small punctures are large and quite sparse, they nearly inter­ grade with the large punctures, and are about as numerous. Discussion - No biological data are available. TSiis species plus extremus n. sp. represent the extreme development of gibbosity in profile. The head of some of the specimens is very feebly, longi­ tudinally carinate at the center, much in the manner of fastiglatus (Fall), but less strongly so. The carina, as in this latter species, is evident only at a proper angle to the light. 98

Trlcorynus abdomlnalls n. sp.

Figures 3, 83 General - Dorsal surface and metasternum dark reddish brown to nearly black, head and abdomen lighter; elytra parallel-sided; body varying slightly from 1.65 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in length and density, light yellowish; rather robust in profile, very slightly gibbous; large punctures of elytra small, rather dense, those at side of pronotum about equal in size, a little denser, separated on an average by less than their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large, separated by 1.6 to 2.1 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.6 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus nearly 3.0 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.3 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum quite noticeably, more strongly rounded at level of hind angle. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove rather fine, marginal or nearly so, incomplete at basal third to half, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum nearly or quite flat at center, somewhat bulging laterally, quite shiny at side; large punctures at center small, rather sparse, distinctly smaller, sparser laterally, broadly 99 absent at side, those at center distinctly smaller, sparser than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, rather narrow fovea, a much smaller, circular one present internally; posterior margin of abdominal segments at their side rather noticeablyrraised, area beneath finely rugose. Length - 3.0 to 3.3 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes rather leg-shaped and feebly indented apically, styli elongate, faintly curving and clubbed. Median lobe nearly parallel-sided; five small spines and one moderate sized spine present in median lobe. Type material - Hblotype (male) allotype? Huachuca Mts., Arizona, July 20, Miller Can and H. A. Wenzel (in OSU). The nine paratypes are all from Arizona and come from the follow­ ing localities: Palmerlee, H. A. Wenzel, June 30, July 7, July 19 (2 in OSU, 1 in REW); Huachuca Mts., September 9, 1938, D. J. and J. N. Knull, (in OSU); Skeleton Canyon, Cochise Co., August 7, 1961, D. J. and J. N. Khull (l in OSU, 1 in REW); Huachuca Mts., July 20, 1940, W. P. Barr (in Ul); Patagonia, July 10, 1936, M. A. Cazier (in UCD); Santa Rita Mts., July 17, 1932, R. H. Beamer (in UK). A paratype of T. pinguis (Pall) from ANSP, collected at Oracle, Arizona, by Hubbard and Schwarz on 28-6 right­ fully belongs here. The type is 3.0 mm. in length; it is very slightly more gibbous than most specimens, but in other respects it 100

Is quite typical Diagnosis - This species is probably most nearly related to plnguls (Pall). It can be distinguished in being dis­ tinctly less gibbous in profile, and in having the abdominal sutures rather noticeably raised at their sides and the area beneath finely roughened. This latter character is very feebly developed in pinguis (Pall). Variation - Two specimens are just slightly more gibbous in profile than usual, but are quite normal in other respects. The posterior groove of the anterior tibia is fairly distant from the margin in most specimens but in one it is nearly median in position. Discussion - No external characters have been found which distinguish the sexes. No biological data are avail­ able. The raising of the lateral margin of the abdominal segments is very feebly developed in both pinguis (Pall) and callfornlcus n. sp. but is never as strong as in this species. The specific name refers to the abdominal sutures which are produced as described above. Trlcorynus aberrans n. sp. Figures 4, 82

Catorama punctulatum Fall, (not LeConte, 1879) 1905, p. 233. Misidentiflcation. General - Elytra feeddish brown to very dark reddish brown; pronotum, head, and abdomen reddish brown; metasternum dark reddish brown to nearly black; elytra not strictly parallel- 101 sided, widest at or in front of middle; body 1.5 to 1.6 times as long as wide; pubescence of dorsal surface quite sparse, longer, denser on head and ventral surface, yellow­ ish grey; rather robust, distinctly gibbous in profile; larger punctures of elytra moderate in size, rather dense, those at sides of pronotum much smaller, a little denser, separated on the average by nearly two times their diameter, rather indistinct. Head - Surface minutely alutaceous; eyes rather small, bulging normally, separated by 2.5 to 2.6 times their vertical diameter; eighth antennal segment about 1.3 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about two times as long as wide, deeply notched at apex; last segment of labial palpus nearly two times as long as wide, a little less deeply notched than maxillary palpus. Dorsal surface - Pronotum very evenly rounded at sides; surface very minutely alutaceous. Elytra lacking distinct lateral striae, occasionally faint traces barely evident. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia lacking striae, sometimes faint traces of an anterior stria evident at apical third, rarely at apical half; middle tibia lacking stria. Metaster­ num very short; nearly flat at center, somewhat rounded at side; larger punctures very large, rather dense throughout, much larger, more distinct than those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a single, elongate rather broad fovea; metepisternum broader posteriorly. 102

Length - 1.7 to 2.4 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes distinctly broadest at their middle and indented apically; sty11 short and clubbed. Median lobe broadest near apex; two small and two moderate sized spines present internally. Type material - Hblotype (male), Loggerhead Key, Dry

Tortugas, Florida, September 1, 1961, B. K. Dozier, allo­ type, Garden Key, Dry Tortugas, Florida, May 9, 1961, R. E. Woodruff (both in FDA). Thirty-five paratypes from Florida bear the following data; Loggerhead Key, Dry Tortugas, September 1, 1961, B. K. Dozier, (4 in FDA, 1 in REW); Garden Key, Dry Tortugas, May 9, 1961, R. E. Woodruff, (2 in FDA, 1 in REW); Busk Key, Dry Tortugas, May 9, 1961, H. V. Weems, Jr., (6 in FDA, 1 in REW, 1 in OSU); Dunedin, W. S. B., March 5, 1917, February 17, 1914, March 21, 1913, December 15, 1917, December 2, 1921, March 12, 1921, February 2, 1921, February 2, 1922 (8 in FU); L. Worth, February (l in Horn coll., PANS); Key West, April 6, (l in Horn coll., PANS); Dry Tortugas, June, Leng, (l in CAS); Dry Tortugas, June 7, 1913, Wickham, (l in CAS); Paradise Key, April 9, J* N. Knull, (l from CAS in REW); L. Worth, Slosson, (2 in AMNH): Key West, June 17 to July 1, H. F. Wickham, (l in MCZ); Dry Tortugas, June 7, 1913, Wickham, (l in MVZ); Biscayne, Hubbard and Schwarz, (1 from MCZ in REW); L. Worth, Liebeck (l in MCZ). 103 This species is apparently restricted to sea shores. Pall (1905, p. 233) recorded this species under the name punctulatus from Jupiter, Capron, St. Lucia. The type is 2.2 mm. in length and just faintly more gibbous than usual in profile. It is quite typical for the species in other characters. Diagnosis - The only other North American species which is similar to this one in having no distinct elytral or tibial striae is vitiosus (Pall). It differs from aberrans in that the terminal palpal segments are not notched at their apex, and it occurs only in Texas. Variation - One specimen of the 37 seen bears traces of an anterior groove on the anterior tibiae that extends about one-half the length of the tibia. Another specimen is notice­ ably more elongate in profile than the otherwise consistent form illustrated in figure 4.

Discussion - Fall (1905) evidently depended heavily on the Horn collection for correct determinations of the old species, as both species misidentified by him (including this one and vexatus Lee.) are represented in the Horn collection by specimens bearing the erroneous identifications he used. On page 98 he mentions that nearly the entire Horn collection had been sent him for examination. He also states (on the same page) that he made a personal examination of the LeConte types, hence it is difficult to see how he made this error. 104

Males of this species are nearly apterous, the wings being represented by vestiges about one-fourth the length of the elytra. The wings of the females are also reduced but are about two-thirds the length of the elytra. Males average smaller in size than the females, but the sexes overlap in this character. The specific name refers to the nearly complete absence of elytral and tiblal grooves. This species and vitiosus (Pall) are the only members of the genus lacking tibial striae. Aberrans is one of the few species which lacks the anterior metepisternal pit, and it is unusual in that the metepisternum is broader posteriorly (nearly parallel­ sided in all other species). Tricorynus abnormis n. sp. Figures 8, 85 General - Color uniformly light reddish brown or uniformly rather dark reddish brown, elytra feebly vittate; elytra not parallel-sided, broadest behind middle; rather elongate, body about 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, light yellowish grey; very elongate in profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra extremely small, rather indistinct, moderately dense, feebly arranged in longitudinal bands, large punctures of pronotum as large as and denser than those of elytra, separated on the average by slightly less than their diameter; pronotum and head sometimes alutaceous. 105 Head - Eyes moderate In size, separated by 2.2 to 2.5 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; surface very finely alutaceous, obscure small punctures; antennae and palpi not seen. Dorsal surface - Pronotum evenly rounded at sides. Elytra lacking lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior stria distinct at apical half to nearly complete, marginal, posterior stria complete, not marginal; middle tibia not sulcate. Metasternum somewhat rounded at center, dis­ tinctly rounded at side; larger punctures very small, not dense, indistinct to nearly obsolete, when present extending to side, distinctly smaller than those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a rather small pit, a second, large, oval pit present three-fourths of distance from side of metasternum to center. Length - 3.8 to 4.0 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes widest near base; styli long straight and clubbed. Medi&nv;lobe sinuate; one moderate-sized and one large spine present internally in addition to an ill-defined structure.

The genitalia of the type are figured (fig. 8 5). The second specimen differs from the type in the location of the internal structures of the median lobe. Type material - Hblotype (male) Yerington, Lyon Co., Nevada, June, 1909, E. S. Ross (in CAS). Paratype (male), 106 Inyo Co., California, April 30, 1938, F. W. Nunenmacher (in REW through the courtesy of CNHM). Diagnosis - This species is closest in the key to punctulatus (Lee.) and mutans (Fall) and can be separated on the basis of metasternal characters. The large punctures of the metasternum of the latter two species are quite large and distinct, being in most cases as large as those at the sides of the pronotum. The large punctures of the metaster­ num of this species are very small and rather indistinct to nearly obsolete and are much smaller than those at the sides of the pronotum. The inner fovea of the metasternum is smaller than the outer in punctulatus and mutans, but in abnormls it is much larger than the outer. Abnormis is decidedly more elongate in profile and of a greater size than the other two species. Although abnormis comes out closest in the key to the above two species its affinities do not seem to lie with them. It is more similar in facies, size and general morphology to estrlatus (Horn) than to any other species in the North American fauna. Variation - The form in profile of the paratype differs from that of the type. The outline of the elytra is higher above the abdomen than in the type. The profile illustrated (fig. 8) is that of the type. The head and pronotum of the paratype are minutely alutaceous; that is not or is Just barely visible on the type. The large punctures of the 107 metasternum of the paratype are much less distinct than those of the type. Discussion - The specific name refers to the facies of this species which is quite unlike that of other members of the genus. No biological notes are available. Trlcorynus abruptus n. sp. Figures 5* 88 General - Elytra, pronotum and metasternum dark reddish black to nearly black, elytra lighter at apical third, head and abdomen lighter; elytra slightly narrowed from humeri; body averaging 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, very light yellowish; rather elongate, robust, strongly and abruptly gibbous in profile; larger punctures of elytra small, moderately dense, those at side of pronotum about equal in size, much denser, separated on the average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large, separated by 1.7 to 1.8 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.6 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about two times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.5 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded later­ ally. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. 108

Ventral surface - Anterior tibia with a single, distinct, posterior groove extending two-thirds to a little over three-fourths length of tibia, not marginal, anterior groove sometimes feebly evident, middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum nearly flat at center, somewhat rounded at side; larger punctures at center moderate in size and density, faintly increasing in size laterally, largest near side, veiy easily attaining side, those near side evidently larger, much sparser than larger punctures at side of pronotum; metaster­ num usually with a very fine fovea anteriorly near each side. Length - 2.6 to 2.9 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes incurved and appear grooved apically; styli stout and clubbed. Median lobe broadest near middle, much narrowed apically and with two moderate sized internal spines. Type material - Holotype (male) Davis Mts., Texas, June 8, 1939* D. J. and J. N. Knull (in OSU). Allotype Davis Mts., Texas, June 24, 1957* D. J. and J. N. Knull (in OSU). Two paratypes with same data as allotype, (l in osu, 1 in REW). One paratype Port Davis, Texas, May 31* 1959* Hbwden and Becker, at a light, (in CDA). One para- tjrpe Guadalupe Pass, Hudspeth Co., Texas, July 28, 1950* Ray F. Smith (in AMNH). Thus six specimens of this species are known, all from the western part of Texas. The type is 2.9 mm. in length and agrees closely with the above description. 109 Diagnosis - This species is most similar to lnaequalls (Pall). It differs in being more abruptly gibbous and the larger punctures near the sides of the metasternum are larger than those at the sides of the pronotum (which is not the case in lnaequalls). Variation - There is some variation in the extent of the abruptness of the gibbosity in profile, two of the specimens being noticeably less extremely gibbous than usual. These approach but do not reach the condition in lnaequalls (Pall). Pour of the six specimens match fig. 5 quite closely. The metasternal fovea is usually present and about the size of the meteplsternal pit, but in one specimen it is entirely absent. Discussion - There are no biological data available for this species. The specific name refers to the gibbosity in profile, it being much more abrupt than in any other North American species. The eyes of the males are usually larger than those of the females.

Trlcorynus angustus (Pall) n. comb. Figure 6

Catorama angustum Fall, 1905* p. 253; Pic. 1912b, p. 68; Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum reddish brown, 110 head and abdomen a little lighter, elytra sometimes feebly vittate; elytra parallel-sided; body 1.8 to nearly 1.9 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, very light yellowish; quite elongate in profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra rather small, moderately sparse, those at side of pronotum smaller, a little denser, separated on the average by a little more than their diameter. Head - Eyes rather large, separated by about 1.8 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.5 times as long as wide; last se&nent of maxillary palpus nearly three times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus nearly two times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Prontoum nearly evenly rounded at sides. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, finer or indistinct at basal third to half, posterior groove rather fine, not quite marginal, nearly complete; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum nearly flat throughout; large punctures at center rather small, mot dense, barely smaller, sparser laterally, very easily attaining side, those at center larger, much less dense than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with minute, variable foveae. Length - 2.3 to 2.8 mm.

Male genitalia - No males have been seen. Type material - The type is in MCZ and bears the type Ill number 24687. It was collected at Hamilton Co., Kansas, by Snow. It bears no further data. The color is reddish brown, the elytra are feebly vlttate and the length is 2.3 mm. Distribution - Both the type and the single additional specimen seen are from Hamilton County, Kansas. Variation - The two specimens known to me have not been directly compared and no accurate statement of variation can be made. Discussion - No biological data are available.

Trlcorynus arlzonlcus n. sp.

Figures 7, 87 General - Body reddish brown to dark brown, head and abdomen sometimes lighter; elytra parallel-sided or slightly widest near middle; body about 1.6 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, light yellowish with a faintly orange tine; rather stout in profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra moderate in size and density, those at sides or pronotum distinctly smaller, denser, separated on the average by a little less than their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large to moderate, separated by 1.7 to 2.5 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally to slightly flattened; eighth antennal segment about 1.3 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus nearly 112 three times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about two times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded at side or more strongly rounded at level of hind angle. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae, upper more distinctly impressed than lower. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, nearly or quite marginal, finer to indistinct at basal third to half, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; middle tibia with fine, marginal, complete groove. Metasternum somewhat rounded at center, distinctly rounded at side; large punctures at center rather small, moderate in density, smaller, sparser laterally, not or just attaining side posteriorly, those at center about equal in size, a little sparser than larger punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, rather narrow fovea. Length - 2.3 to 3.4 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes are somewhat straight­ sided; styli stout, rather curved and clubbed. Median lobe broadest below middle; one small apical spine and one large, basal spine present internally. Type material - Holotype (male), Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, August 2, 1961, D. J. and J. N. Knull (in OSU). Allotype, same locality as above, July 16, 1959 (in OSU). IVenty-six paratypes with same locality as holotype bear following dates: July 5, 19^9 (l in REW), July 2, 1952 (1 in OSU), August 12, 1952 (l in OSU), July 15, 1953 (1 in OSU), July 20, 1953 (4 in OSU, 1 in REW), July 27,

1953 (1 in OSU), July 17, 1957 (l in OSU), July 16, 1959 (1 in OSU, 1 in REW), July 23, 1959 (l in OSU), August 15, 1959 (1 in OSU), July 3, 1961 (l in OSU), July 15, 1961 (4 in OSU, 2 in REW), July 25, 1961 (2 in OSU), August 6,

1961 (2 in OSU). Eight paratypes from CAS bear following data; Parker Ranch, Six-shooter Cn. Globe, Gila Co., Arizona, August 22, 1952, H. B. Leech, J. W. Green (4 in CAS, 1 in REW); Chiricahua Mts., Cochise Co., Arizona, 3.5 Mi. S.W. Portal, 1,500 ft. August 13, 1952, H. B. Leech, J. W. Green collectors (2 in CAS); Double Adobe Ranch, Animas Mts., 5,500 ft., Hidalgo Co., New Mexico, August 15, 1952, H. B. Leech, J. W. Green collectors (l in REW). Two para­ types (in UA) with the following data; Globe, Arizona, July 18, 1948, Werner, Nutting; Globe, Arizona, August 6, 1948, P. Werner, W. Nutting. One paratype with data, Station, Arizona, Chiricahua Mts., August 13, 1952, Leech and Green (C. A. Frost coll. in MCZ). One paratype, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, July 14, 1938, D. W. Craik (in UA). Thus a total of 41 individuals of this species have been seen. All but one are from Arizona, the other one being from southwestern New Mexico. Hie type is 3.0 mm. in length, is faintly more robust in profile than usual and the eyes are separated by nearly I.9 times their vertical diameter and are faintly flattened. 114

Diagnosis - This species is most similar to porosus

(Pall) and gravis (Lee.); the chief difference is in the development of the small punctures of the dorsal surface. In gravis these punctures are very strongly impressed and quite distinct, but in arlzonicus they are very weakly impressed and quite indistinct. Arlzonicus is also stouter in profile. These characters, though seemingly of a minor nature, are quite consistent and reliable. Gravis and porosus are found from the Atlantic coastal states to Texas, and arlzonicus is found in Arizona and New Mexico. Variation - There is little variation of importance which can be added to that covered in the species description. A total of 22 individuals from Arizona, New Mexico and Texas have been labeled "nr. arlzonicus11. They differ markedly in one or more characters from this species. The chief differences that various ones of these exhibit are as follows; distinctly smaller (to 2.0 mm.); rather gibbous in profile; more elongate in profile; pronotum flat at side; large punctures of metasternum nearly evenly distributed throughout. One additional specimen is discussed under example 8 at the end of the text. Discussion - The eyes of the males are separated by 1.7 to 1.9 times their vertical diameter, those of females are separated by 2.2 to 2.5 times their vertical diameter. An impressed line adjacent to the eye is present in most members of this species but is not quite as strongly developed 115 as in gravis. The specific name refers to the area where all but one of the 4l specimens assigned here were collected. No biological data are available.

Tricorynus auctus (LeConte) n. comb. Figures 14, 86 Hemiptychus auctus LeConte, 1878, p. 409; Austin, 1880, p. 32, Henshaw, 1885, p. 84. Catorama auctum (LeConte), Fall, 1905, p. 254; Pic, 1912b, p. 68, Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Body reddish brown, head and abdomen slightly lighter; elytra parallel-sided; body 1 .6 5 to 1 .7 5 times as long as wide; pubescence somewhat sparse, very light yellowish; rather elongate in profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra large, rather dense, those at side of pronotum smaller, much denser, separated on an average by half their diameter. Head - Eyes rather large, separated by 1.7 to 2.0 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segnent about 1.2 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 2.5 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of labial palpus about 1.6 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum distinctly bulging above anterior angle. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. 116 Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, nearly or quite marginal, much finer or absent at basal third to half, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum rounded at center, rather to distinctly bulging at side; large punctures at center moderate in size and density, smaller, sparser laterally, not or Just attaining side, those at center smaller, much less dense than those at side of pronotum; anteriorly on each side with an elongate narrow fovea, a smaller, circular fovea present internally. Length - 1.7 to 2.3 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes leg-shaped and styli faintly clubbed. Basal and apical spines of median lobe con­ sistent but median spines variable in size, number and loca­ tion. The illustration (Fig. 86) was drawn from a specimen from Punta Gorda, Florida; this form was seen in two of the four individuals. Type material - Kie holotype is type number 3638 in the LeConte collection at MCZ. It was collected at Capron, Florida on "2-4". The profile is rather more convex than usual and the large punctures of the elytra are somewhat less distinctly impressed than in most. Distribution - Eighty individuals have been seen. They were collected from February to November from the follow­ ing localities: FLORIDA, Punta Gorda, Eustis, Dunedin, Winter

Park, Gainesville, Saint Petersburg, Key West, Long Key, 117 Saint Augustine, Lakeland, Biscayne Bay, Plantation Key, Jacksonville; SOUTH CAROLINA, Florence, Charleston; NORTH CAROLINA, Southern Pines; MISSISSIPPI, Lucedale. All but 19 of these individuals are from the CAS collection and most of these were collected at Punta Gorda, Florida and Charleston, South Carolina. Variation - The greater size of the large punctures of the head adjacent to the eye is distinct in most individuals but in a few this is less marked than usual. The bulge at the side of the pronotum is quite distinct in most specimens but is rather feeble in just a few individuals. Fourteen specimens from the southeastern states (most from Florida) are placed "nr. auctus". Many differ in greater body size and in the rather smaller large punctures of the dorsal surface. Discussion - No external characters useful in distinguish­ ing the sexes have been found. This species is a member of the confusus group and is most similar to turbidus (Fall). The two species differ principally in body size and eye size. Turbidus is 1.5 to 1.7 mm. in length and the eyes are separated by 2.1 to 2.4 times their vertical diameter; auctus is 1.7 to 2.3 mm. in length and the eyes are separated by 1.7 to 2.0 times their vertical diameter. The large punctures at the sides of the pronotum are larger in turbidus than auctus. Fall (1905, p. 254) mentions that the type has "distinct 118 traces of a third shallow inner stria at the middle of the elytra." I find this so vague as to not be deserving of being termed distinct. This tendency toward a very faint groove in this region has been seen in other individuals of this species.

Tricorynus bifoviatus n. sp. Figures 9> 90 General - Elytra and metasternum reddish black to dark reddish black, pronotum reddish black to dull reddish, head and abdomen dull reddish; elytra parallel-sides; body a little over 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence rather sparse, light grey, faintly yellowish; not at all gibbous in profile, nearly evenly convex; large punctures of elytra quite small, not dense, those at extreme side of pronotum much larger, denser, rapidly diminishing in size and density dorsally. Head - Eyes rather large, separated by 2.1 tl 2.2 times their vertical diameter; bulging normally to somewhat flattened; head evidently, narrowly impressed adjacent to eye; a distinct nostril-like fovea between antennal insertion and eye; eighth antennal segment nearly as wide as long; last segment of maxillary palpus about two times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.3 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded later­ ally to less so at extreme side. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. 119 Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove distinct, marginal or nearly so, feeble or indistinct at basal third, posterior groove strong, complete, not at all marginal; middle tibia sulcate, groove strong, complete or nearly so, not quite marginal. Metasternum somewhat rounded at center, evidently, not strongly bulging at side; large punctures at center rather large, moderately dense, a little smaller, sparser laterally, easily attaining side, larger punctures at center as large, less dense than those at side of pronotum; anteriorly on each side with a single rather elongate fovea. Length - 1.8 to 1.9 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes sinuate and styli not clubbed. Median lobe is broadest beyond middle and nearly truncate apically; a single moderate sized, basal spine pre­ sent internally. Type material - Holotype (male), Hidalgo Co., Texas, April 7> 1950, D. J. and J. N. Knull. Allotype same locality and collectors as above, taken on March 20, 1952, (both in OSU). Paratypes: Hidalgo Co., Texas, March 22, i960 , D. J. and J. N. Knull (in REW); same locality and collectors,

March 26, 1957 (in OSU). The type is 1.8 mm. in length. The small punctures of the pronotum are quite evident at the sides and the large punctures are a little smaller than usual. The small punc­ tures of the elytra are about twice as numerous as the large ones. 120 Diagnosis - This species is very distinctive and at once separable from all other members of the genus due to the presence of the nostril-like fovea on each side of the head between the antennal insertion and the eye. Another dis­ tinctive character is the development of the large punctures at the extreme side of the pronotum which diminish in size and density very rapidly dorsally. This species is probably most nearly related to dispar (Pall) or lucidus n. sp. and is easily separable on the basis of the above characters. Variation - In one of the paratypes the small punctures of the elytra are about as numerous as the larger punctures, in the other individuals they are about twice as dense as the larger punctures. The small punctures of the pronotum are evident near the side in three of the specimens, in the other, they are not. Discussion - The foveae of the head make this one of the most easily recognized members of the genus. The specific name refers to the two depressions or foveae on the head, located between the insertion of the antennae and the eye. The only other anobiid known to the author to possess structures similar to these depressions is Caenocara frontalis Pall. In the latter species the cavities are more median and are not located immediately above the antennal insertion. 121

Tricorynus borealis (LeConte) n. comb. Figures 12, 89 Hemlptychus boreall3 LeConte, 1865, p. 240; LeConte, 1866, p. 57; Gemminger and Harold, 1869, p. 1894; Crotch, 1873, p. 81; Henshaw, 1885, p. 84; Dury, 1902, p. 150. Catorama borealis (LeConte), Fall, 1905, p. 249; Blatchley, 1910, p. 881; Pic, 1912b, p. 68; Leng, 1920, p. 243; White, 1962, p. 26. General - Dorsal surface and abdomen rather light reddish brown to dark reddish brown and even dark brown, head, abdomen and sometimes pronotum lighter, elytra often lighter apically; elytra somewhat widest near middle or sometimes parallel-sided; body 1.6 to 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence rather sparse, grey to light yellowish, feebly shining; rather elongate in profile, not or only faintly gibbous; large punctures of elytra quite small, moderate in density, absent on pronotum. Head - Eyes rather small to quite small, separated by 2.8 to 3.4 times their vertical diameter, bulging less than normally; eighth antellal segment about 1 .3 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 3.3 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 2.0 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum rounded weakly to side, flat to somewhat concave front to back. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. 122 Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, complete to indistinct on basal third, posterior groove fine, not quite marginal, complete; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum somewhat rounded at center, distinctly rounded to bulging at side; large punc­ tures at center moderate in size, rather dense, smaller, sparser laterally, rather easily to just barely attaining side; anteriorly on each side with a very elongate, quite narrow fovea. Length - 2.0 to 3.0 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest at middle and indented aplcally; styli clubbed. Median lobe narrowed to base; one small and two moderate sized processes present internally. Type material - The type bears no collection information and is type number 3636 in the LeConte collection at MCZ. The body length is 3-0 mm. and the profile is very faintly gibbous. Distribution - Twenty-three specimens have been seen, these were collected from May to July from the following localities: MICHIGAN, Alcona Co., Midland Co.; WYOMING, "Wy."; MANITOBA, Onah, Aweme; ONTARIO, Simcoe, Normandale, Walsingham. Sixteen of these specimens are from CDA. Variation - In many individuals the body surfaces are quite evidently, minutely alutaceous. In some, however, there is little or no evidence of this. In some of the 123 larger specimens the punctures of the pronotum are smaller, denser than most. Fifty-seven individuals, most from Texas, South Dakota, Kansas and Arizona, have been placed "nr. borealis11. All of these agree with borealis in lacking large punctures at the side of the pronotum and in having those of the elytra quite small. Most of these are distinct from borealis in being decidedly more elongate in profile and some are much smaller than any specimens of borealis (down to 1.6 mm). In some the large punctures of the elytra are quite distinct, unlike those of borealis. These specimens exhibit intergrading characters and there appear to be no well defined series pre­ sent . These individuals are placed near this species on the basis of the pronotal punctures. In some cases this does not indicate true relationships as a number of these seem more similar to nubilus (Fall) or elutus n. sp. than to

borealis. Discussion - No biological information is available for

this species. Borealis is most nearly related to densus (Fall) but is easily separated from it in lacking the groove of the middle tibia. From other species with bistriate anterior tibiae and non-striate middle tibiae it can be separated by the pronotum being flat to feebly concave at its side and by the lateral raised margin being extremely fine or absent. 124 Tricorynus californicus, n. sp. Key to subspecies of T. callfornlcus n. sp.

I. Darker In color; stout in profile, not gibbous; California and Arizona ...... £. callfornlcus I I. Lighter in color; less stout in profile, slightly to evidently gibbous; Utah, Colorado and Nevada ...... c_. concolor

Tricorynus callfornlcus callfornlcus n. sbsp. Figures 10, 93 General - Entire body rather light brown and somewhat reddish to dark brown, head and abdomen often a little lighter, elytra usually lighter at apical third, pronotum sometimes clouded with blackish; elytra parallel-sided to faintly rounded and widest near middle; body 1.5 to 1.6 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, very light yellowish; rather stout in profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra quite small, moderate in density, those at side of pronotum noticeably smaller, denser, separated on an average by a little less than their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate in size, separated by 1.9 to 2.1 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.8 times as long as wide; last segnent of maxillary palpus nearly three times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.5 times as long

as wide. 125 Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded at side to somewhat flat front to back. Elytra with two distinct, rather fine lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, incomplete at basal third to half, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum nearly flat at center, rather bulging at side; large punctures at center quite small, moderate in density, much smaller, sparser laterally, not or just attaining side, those at center equal in size, less dense than those at side of pronotum; anteriorly on each side with a narrow elongate fovea, a small circular fovea present internally. Length - 2.2 to 3.1 ram.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes somewhat leg-shaped; styli straight and clubbed. Median lobe rather narrowed apically and truncate; one large and two small spines present inter­ nally. The large, curving, median spine is fairly constant in its expression but in some specimens the smaller spines were not seen. One specimen in addition to the normal spines had a long, narrow basal spine. Type material - Hblotype (male), Jacumba, California, June 27, 1958, D. J. and J. N. Knull. Allotype as above except collected August 11, 1956; (both in OSU). Forty- five paratypes from California taken by above collectors bear 126 following data: Santa Rosa M., June 5, 1946 (2 In OSU) and June 15, 1946, (2 in OSU, 1 in REW) and June 25, 1946 (16 in OSU, 2 in REW); Palm Springs, June 20, 1946 (l in OSU); Jacumba, June 16, 1954 (2 in OSU, 2 in REW), and June 23, 1954 (2 in OSU) arid June 24, 1954 (2 in OSU, 1 in REW) and June 30, 1954 (2 in OSU) and June 2, 1956 (l in OSU) and July 3, 1956 (2 in OSU) and July 11, 1956, (2 in OSU, 1 in REW); Newton, June 29, 1954 (l in OSU); Mt. Springs, July 6, 1956 (3 in OSU). One paratype, Palmdale, California, July 16, 1932, A. T. MeClay, (in CAS). One paratype, Hualpai Mts., Arizona, June 2, 1948, D. J. and J. N. Knull (in REW). Hie type is 2.8 mm. in length and agrees well with the description and figure. Diagnosis - Most closely related to pinguis (Fall). It can be separated from pinguis in being not at all gibbous in profile. Pinguis occurs from Texas to Arizona, while £. callfornlcus occurs in California, Colorado, Nevada,

Utah and Arizona. Variation - Most specimens are noticeably more strongly arched anteriorly in profile (fig. 10) while just a few are nearly evenly arching throughout or weakly rotundate in profile. Discussion - No external sexual characters have been discovered. The specific name refers to the area of capture of most of the specimens. 127 Tricorynus callfornlcus concolor n. sbsp.

Compared with £. callfornlcus: Much lighter in color, dorsal surface nearly uniformly light reddish brown, pro­ notum sometimes clouded with blackish, metasternum a little darker than dorsal surface and head and abdomen usually lighter; less evenly stout in profile, very slightly to evidently gibbous.

Length - 2.3 to 2.9 mm.

Type material - Type (male), allotype and six paratypes bear the following data, St. George, Utah, V-27-35* Van Dyke collection. These are in CAS except for two paratypes in REW. One paratype deposited in CAS bears the following data: Kings Station, Davis Co., Utah, July 24, 1922, E. P. Van Duzee collector. One paratype deposited in REW has the following; Paonia, Colorado, Delta Co., June 14, 1926, E. C. Van Dyke collector. One final paratype bears the data: Dixie N. F., Nevada, VII-1-37> D. J. and J. N. Knull collectors. It is in OSU. Discussion - As with o. callfornlcus no sexual characters have been found. The subspecies name refers to the color of the dorsal surface which is nearly uniformly light reddish brown. The male genitalia are identical to those of £. cal­ if ornlcus . 128

Tricorynus carlnatus (Pall) n. comb. Figure 17 Catorama carlnatum Pall, 1905# P. 239# Pic, 1912b, p. 68; Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Elytra dark reddish brown, somewhat lighter apically, pronotum reddish black, head and metasternum dark reddish brown, abdomen reddish brown; elytra very faintly widening to middle; body 1.9 times as long as wide; pubes­ cence a little less than moderate in density, evidently whitish; rather elongate in profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra small, moderate in density, those at side of pronotum larger, denser. Head - Eyes very large, separated by 1.3 (type) times their vertical diameter, very strongly bulging; eighth antennal segment 1.2 times as long as wide; last segnent of maxillary palpus 1.6 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus 1.3 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum somewhat inflated at side. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia with a single distinct posterior groove, anterior groove very feebly indicated at apical third, posterior groove strong, complete, not marginal; middle tibia with a distinct, quite marginal groove. Meta­ sternum very strongly longitudinally carinate at center, distinctly rounded at side; large punctures near center rather large, moderate in density, smaller, sparser laterally, 129 attaining side, those at center a little smaller, less dense than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly on each side a small oval fovea, three smaller, nearly round foveae also present. Length - 2.1 mm.

Male genitalia - Only the type of this species has been seen and its genitalia have not been examined. Type material - The type bears number 21092 and is in the USNM collection. It was taken at Crescent City, Florida by Hubbard and Schwarz. This is the only specimen belonging to this species which has been seen and the only one referred to in the literature. Fall's type is a malformed individual. The right anterior edge of the pronotum is deeply and rather broadly notched. Discussion - There is no biological information available for this species. Carlnatus is most similar in its morphology to punctatus (Lee.). Carlnatus can be easily separated from the latter in that it has but one distinct groove on the anterior tibia whereas punctatus has two. This is the only species in the genus with a carinate metasternum and a single groove on the anterior tibia.

Tricorynus castaneus (Hamilton) n. comb. Figures 13, 92

Hemlptychus castaneus Hamilton, 1893, p. 307; Hamilton, 1895, p. 336; Henshaw, 1893, p. 21; Castle and Laurant, 1896, 130

p. 303; Dury, 1902, p. 150. Catorama castaneum (Hamilton), Pall, 1905> p. 247; Blatchley, 1910, p. 881; Pic, 1912b, p. 68; Leng, 1920, p. 243; White, 1962, p. 26. General - Body light reddish to very dark reddish, nearly black, head and abdomen sometimes lighter; dorsal surface dis­ tinctly shining, elytra often feebly vittate; elytra parallel-sided; body 1 .7 to nearly 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence extremely short and sparse, light yellowish; rather elongate in profile, not at all to faintly gibbous; large punctures of elytra moderate in size, not dense, those at side of pronotum equal in size or a little larger, always denser, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Often minutely alutaceous above eye; eyes fairly large to moderate in size, separated by 1.7 to 2.4 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segnent nearly to quite as wide as long; last segment of maxillary palpus nearly two times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of labial palpus about 1 .3 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum rather evenly rounded to side, usually flat front to back, sometimes rounded. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bisulcate, anterior groove fine, marginal, indistinct or absent at basal half, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum evidently rounded at center, some­ what bulging at side; large punctures at center moderate in size and density, distinctly smaller, sparser laterally, not or just barely attaining side, those at center a little smaller, always sparser than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a narrow, elongate fovea. Length - 1.6 to 2.25 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes quite short and stout; styli rather stout and clubbed. Median lobe broadest beyond middle; four rather small internal processes present. Type material - The type is in the Horn collection in PANS, and bears the number 2861. It was taken at Allegheny, Pennsylvania. It is lighter in color than most specimens and has no indication of dual punctures on the pronotum or elytra. Distribution - Sixty-three individuals belonging to this species have been examined. These were collected from March to August from the following localities: MASSACHUSETTS, Natick, Framingham, Tyngsboro; PENNSYLVANIA, Allegheny, Jeannette, Pittsburgh, Frankford; OHIO, Summit Co.; WEST VIRGINIA, "White Sulphur"; INDIANA, Kosciusko Co., Lake Co. FLORIDA, 8 Mi. of Interlachen, Tampa, Sanford, Dunedin, Destin; ARKANSAS, "Southwest Ark."; MISSISSIPPI, Lucedale; TEXAS, Kerrville, Bastrop State Park, Goliad Co., 7 Mi. N. Sington, Kingsville, Texarkana. Fall (1905> p. 248) also records this species from Missouri. Castle and Laurant (1896, p. 303) record it from Enterprise, Florida. 132

Variation - In most individuals small punctures are entirely absent on the elytra and at the side of the prono­ tum. Ir? some Texas individuals, however, the small punc­ tures are evident though quite sparse at the side of the ptfonotum and exceedingly sparse on the elytra. This condi­ tion was referred to by Pall (1905* p. 248). The large punctures of the dorsal surface vary quite noticeably in size and density. These are often quite small and densest in some Florida and Texas specimens. A majority of the eastern individuals are light reddish to rather dark reddish. Most of the extremely dark reddish (approaching black) specimens are from Texas. Others from this area are as light as some eastern examples of the species. Some specimens from the southern part of the range are little less stout than most. These somewhat approach the form of politus. Hie dark colored individuals from Texas previously referred to also bear small punctures on the dorsal surface and have the densest development of the large punctures. The pronotum is often more distinctly rounded at the side than in other specimens. These individuals would be worthy of subspecific rank were it not for the fact that quite normal individuals occur in the same area and some specimens from within the eastern range of the species are similar to these. The genitalia of these specimens are quite typical. A single individual from Austin, Texas, has been labeled

"nr. castaneus.” It is quite similar to this species except 133 that the punctures are more distinctly dual, the surfaces much less shining, and the pubescence is longer and denser. The hairs are separated by less than their lengths. Discussion - The eyes of the males are usually larger than those of the females. The size range appears to narrowly overlap around 2.0 times longer than wide. The antennal club of the male is distinctly larger than that of the female. In the female the last three segments are shorter to as long as the pronotum, those of the males are longer than the pronotum. This species is most closely related to politus (Pall). For a discussion of the differences see under that species. Pall (1905, p. 248) refers to the punctures as being dual. This condition occurs only in some Texas specimens and is not found in most individuals. In addition he gives the maximum size of this species as 2.5 mm.. I have seen none that large. Biological notes from the specimens are as follows: "in Virginia creeper with Scolytus," "sweeping grass," "from oak gall," "beating turkey oak at night." Also, Fall (1905) records this species on Vaccinium and other low bushes. I have reared this species from bullet oak galls formed by the cynipid Disholcaspis quercus globulus (Pitch) on white oak, Quercus alba (L.). The larva feeds within the firm porous tissues of these galls and the adult emerges from those formed the preceding summer. 134

Gemminger and Harold (1869, p. 1784) list a "castanea Gyllh." as a member of their emended Cathorama. Uiis species is now in Dorcatoma and is not congeneric with Tricorynus. By articles 59b and c of the International Code of Zoologi­ cal Nomenclature adopted by the XV Congress Hamilton's castanea is valid and not to be rejected.

Tricorynus cicatricosus (Pall) n. comb. Figures 15, 91 Catorama clcatricosum Fall, 1905, p. 251; Pic, 1912b, p. 68; Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Body reddish brown to nearly black, head and abdomen usually lighter; elytra parallel-sided, body 1.6 to nearly 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, light yellowish; rather robust in profile, very slightly gibbous; large punctures of elytra moderately large and dense, those at side of pronotum smaller, denser, separated on an average by less than their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large, separated by 1 .5 to 1.8 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal

segment about 1.5 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 2.6 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of labial palpus about 1.6 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum distinctly bulging immediately above anterior angle. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior

groove fairly strong, marginal, incomplete at basal third to 135 half, posterior groove strong, not quite marginal, complete; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum nearly flat at center, distinctly bulging at side; large punctures at center mod­ erate in size and density, smaller, sparser laterally, not at all to not quite attaining side, about equal in size, less dense than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate and rather narrow fovea, a small circular fovea present internally. Length - 2.2 to 2.8 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes decidedly sinuate and rather leg-shaped; styli somewhat clubbed. Median lobe rather evenly narrowed apically, with seven small internal processes. The illustration is of the genitalia of a specimen which was compared with the type and found to agree quite closely in external characters. The genitalia of two other specimens have been seen and neither agree exactly with the figure. Both possess the basal and apical spines but they have only three intermediate processes, there being five in the figure. One has two three-spined structures and a normal spinous process and the other one three-spined structure and two normal ones. It thus appears that this species is variable in regard to these features of the male genitalia. Type material - A specimen in the USNM collection with cotype label number 21109 is hereby designated as the lecto- type of this species. It bears the data "Fla." and was acquired through C. V. Riley. The eyes are separated by 136

1.74 times their vertical diameter and the body length is

2.3 mm. Distribution - A total of nine specimens have been seen. These were collected from April to June from the following localities: FLORIDA, Biscayne, Dunedin, Key Largo, Tampa, Gainesville; GEORGIA, Tybee Is. Variation - The Gainesville and Tampa specimens are placed in this species with some reservation. These three specimens are nearly black in color (the others are reddish brown to dark brown) and the large punctures of the elytra and pro­ notum are noticeably larger and denser than usual. The male genitalia of one of these has three intermediate-sized pro­ cesses in the median lobe, one is three-spined and two abnormal. External characters other than those discussed are normal. Discussion - No external characters are known for distin­ guishing the sexes. This species is most similar to confusus (Fall) in its morphology. It is rather more gibbous in profile than con­ fusus and the eyes are larger; the range is more southern. As is typical with members of the confusus group this species is quite difficult to separate from other members of the series.

Tricorynus coactus n . sp. Figures 16, 95: General - Dorsal surface and metasternum rather light reddish brown to dark brown, head and abdomen usually lighter, 137 elytra lighter at apical third, surfaces sometimes clouded with blackish; elytra parallel-sided or slightly widest near njiddle; body varying somewhat from 1.55 times longer than wide; pubescence moderate in density, very light yellowish; quite stout, nearly rotund in profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra rather small, moderate in density, those at side of pronotum smaller, noticeably denser, separated on an average by nearly two times their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate in size, separated by 1.9 to 2.1 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.5 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of maxillary palpus about 2.3 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.5 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum strongly rounded at side, more distinctly rounded at level of hind angle. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae, upper shorter, less strongly impressed than lower. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia with a single distinct groove, anterior groove absent or very feebly indicated near apex, posterior groove strong, distant from margin, nearly complete; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum flat at center, slightly rounded at side; large punctures at center small, moderate in density, smaller, sparser laterally, not at all to not quite attaining side, those at center larger, less dense than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, narrow fovea, a 138 small, circular one present beyond its tip. Length - 2.2 to 2.8 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes faintly, leg-shaped; styli rather abruptly curving and somewhat clubbed. Median lobe broadest at center; one moderate sized and three small spines present internally. Type material - Hblotype (male) and allotype, Jacumba, Cal­ ifornia, June 30, 195^* D. J. and J. N. Knull (both in OSU). One paratype with same data as above (in REW). Pour para­ types with same locality and collector data as above taken on VII-6-52 (2 in OSU, 1 in REW). One paratype, Boulevard, California, July 9, 1952, D. J. and J. N. Knull (in OSU). The type is 2.2 mm. in length and is lighter in color than any other specimen. The ypper elytral groove is weaker than usual and is shorter than that shown in fig. 16. It is typical in other characters. Diagnosis - This species is most closely related to pinguis (Pall) and obliteratus n. sp. It differs from both of these in possessing just one distinct groove on the anter­ ior tibia. Also the profiles differ. This species is nearly rotund in profile, pinguis is stout, quite gibbous and obliteratus is robust and elongate in profile. Variation - There Is slight variation in the dorsal pro­ file. A couple of specimens are slightly more evenly rotund in profile than the typical condition shown in fig. 16. The upper elytral groove is always shorter than the lower and 139 usually just a little weaker than it. However, In two speci­ mens it is decidedly weaker than the lower. Discussion - No useful external sexual characters have been found. The specific name, meaning of a short, stout form, refers to the appearance in profile.

Tricorynus confusu3 (Pall) n. comb. Figures 11, 94 Catorama confusum Pall, 1905, p. 252; Dury, 1906, p. 259; Blatchley, 1910, p. 88l; Wickham, 1911, p. 25; Pic, 1912b, p. 68; Leng, 1920, p. 243; Brimley, 1930, p. 138; Brimley, 1938, p. 197; Loding, 1945, p. 96; White, 1962,

P. 27. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum reddish brown to dark brown, nearly black (most often rather dark reddish brown), head and abdomen lighter than remainder, elytra often lighter near apex; elytra parallel-sided; body 1.6 to nearly 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, very light greyish to light yellowish; rather robust in pro­ file, not at all gibbous; large punctures of pronotum moderate in size and density, those at side of pronotum smaller, denser, separated on an average by less than their diameter. Head - Eyes rather large, separated by 1.6 to 2.1 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally to very slightly flattened; eighth antennal segment 1.2 times longer than wide; last segjnent of maxillary palpus about two times longer than wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.6 140 longer than wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum more or less evidently, briefly bulging above anterior angle. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, very fine or incomplete at basal third to half, posterior groove strong, not marginal, usually com­ plete; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum rounded at middle, distinctly bulging at side; large punctures at center moderate in size and density, distinctly smaller, sparser laterally, absent at side, those at center about equal in size, less dense than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, rather narrow fovea, a small, circular one present beyond its tip. Length - 1.8 to 2.6 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes rather leg-shaped and styli faintly curving and clubbed. Median lobe rather evenly narrowed apically. More variation than usual has been found in the inter­ nal spines of the median lobe. These are most often as shown (fig. 94) but sometimes there are two small basal spines instead of the one large one. Type material - The type was collected at Columbus, Texas on "16-5" by Hubbard and Schwarz and is type number 24689 in the Pall collection at MCZ. Hie color Of the dorsal surface is dark reddish brown, the eyes are separated by 1.76 times their vertical diameter and it is 2.3 mm. in length. 141 Distribution - A total of 1,809 individuals have been seen. They were collected from March to October and are from the following localities: NEW YORK, New Rochelle, Riverhead Long Island; NEW JERSEY, Gloucester Co., Linwood, Atsion, 7 Mi. Beach, Cape May, Seal Island; MARYLAND, Sparrows Point, Plummers Island, Baltimore; DELAWARE, Sussex Co., » Milton, Newark; PENNSYLVANIA, Jeannette, Norwood; VIRGINIA, Springfield, Falls Church, Nelson Co.; NORTH CAROLINA, Raleigh, Franklin Co., Southern Pines; SOUTH CAROLINA, Ware Shoals, Florence, Lexington, Kings Mt. Pk. Camden, Aiken; GEORGIA, Tybee Island, Griffin, Dunwoody,

Prattsburg, Clayton; ALABAMA, Montgomery, Grossville, Florala, Tuskegee, Huntsville, Spring Hill, Florence; FLORIDA, Dunedin, Longkey, Fort Myers, Manatee Co. Oneco, Gainesville, Tampa, Alachua Co.; TENNESSEE, Clarksville, Johnson Co., Gatlinburg, Cades Cove, Lebanon, GSMN Park; WEST VIRGINIA, Ripley, Hamlin, East Panhandle; KENTUCKY, Lexington, London, Bardstown; OHIO, Athens, Scioto Co., Ada, Shawnee Forest, Jackson; INDIANA, Perry Co., Floyd Co.; ILLINOIS, Dubois, Pike Co. Pittsfield, Carbondale, Ottawa, Union Co. Aldridge, Metropolis, Carterville, Saint Clair Co., Pike Co. Florence, Elizabethtown, White Heath, Barry, Grand Tower, Shawneetown, Edwardsville, Kahokia; QUEBEC, Montebello; MISSOURI, Arnold, Webster Grove, Saint Louis, Columbia, Clarkville, Charlston, Saint Charles,'Vernon Co. Nevada, Cameron, Rolla, Fulton; KANSAS, Lawrence, Doniphan Co.; ARKANSAS, Bradford, Hope, Little Rock, Iraboden, Eureka 142

Spring, Huntington, Knobel, Fayetteville, Washington Co., Berrytown; LOUISIANA, Leesville, Many, Ida; MISSISSIPPI, Lucedale, Leakesville, Starksville; OKLAHOMA, Stroud, Ardmore, Tahlequah, Westvilie, Broken Bow; TEXAS, Tyler, Starr Co., College Station, Leon Co., Nakogdoches Co., Cypress Mills, Knoxville, Burnet Co., 15 Mi. N. E. Rio Grande City, Lee Co.-Fedor, Catarina, Hidalgo Co., Bexar Co.- Fort Sam Houston, Karnack, Shovel Mt., McAllen, Gillett-Karnes Co., Chisos Mts., 9 Mi. S. Montell, Uvalde, Brownsville, Paige, Jefferson, San Juan, Brazoria Co., Lulling, El Paso, Kerrville, Houston, Big Bend Nat. Pk., N. W. Blanco Co., Llano Co.-Enchanted Rock, Lajitas, Sheffield, Brewster Co., Gillespie Co., Hearne, Austin, 25 Mi. S. E. Harlingen, Cherokee Co., Uvalde Co., Montague Co.-2.5 S.W. Forestburg. Fall, 1905, p. 253, also records this species from Iowa. The specimens from Dunwoody, Georgia consist of over 400 individuals and those from Pittsfield, Pike Co., Illinois total nearly 400. Both series were collected with light traps, those from the former locality during the summer of 1955 and those from the latter mostly during the summer of 1946. Variation - The extent of variation exhibited by these individuals is surprisingly little considering the abundance and very wide range of the species. Some of the widely ranging species exhibit much more variation though far fewer individuals have been available for examination. This large series of individuals allows the variation to be discussed in greater length than usual. 143 In some specimens the arch of the anterior half of the body in profile is more extreme than usual and there is thus a faint tendency toward a gibbous condition. No specimen is ever more than very faintly gibbous in profile. In a very few individuals the dorsal outline is more symmetrical than usual and the beetle thus appears rather evenly convex in profile. It must be emphasized that despite the preceding the form in profile is extremely constant in this series. Hardly two or three individuals in a hundred depart notice­ ably from the typical form (fig. 11). A very few individuals have a weak indication of a groove at the base of the middle tibia. This is never really dis­ tinct and at best extends a little over a third the length of the tibia. The bulge at the side of the pronotum is most oftenquite evident. In just a few individuals it is reduced or very weak. A series of individuals from Dubois, Illinois (most in INKS) have the abdominal sutures noticeably produced and are quite light in color. TSiey are normal otherwise and the male genitalia are typical. The fact that they were stored in alcohol for some years before being mounted may explain their condition. A total of 219 individuals have been labeled "nr. confusus.11 A majority of these are from Texas to Arizona and California but others are from scattered areas through­ out the range of confusus. The variations these exhibit 144 from typical confusus are as follows. Many of the specimens from California are more elongate and more evenly convex in profile and have smaller eyes than confusus. A series of 16 individuals from Yuma, Arizona (in CAS) are decidedly more elongate in profile than any member of confusus. They are typical in other respects. Many of the Texas specimens are noticeably larger and have the eyes much larger than typical confusus. Hie variation of individuals from various localities most often involves size and form in profile. A number of individuals apparently not allied otherwise are rather elon­ gate in profile in comparison with confusus. I believe that a number of undescribed species are represented in this material just discussed. However, I hesitate to describe these on the basis of the minute, though consistent characters. The very few genitalia extractions made on these have been inconclusive. These organs may be of greater value than my limited observations have indicated. Discussion - This is by far the most abundant species in the genus. It is also one of the most widely ranging. Estriatus (Horn) is a distant second in the number of speci-- mens seen. The eyes of the males average larger than those of the female but the size range appears to narrowly overlap at about 1.75 times their diameter. The terminal abdominal seg­ ments appear faintly hollowed in some males but this char­ acter is absent in most. 145 Biological notes on these specimens indicate that adults and larvae may have rather variable food habits, they are as follows: "eating buds on plums and apples"; "eating at tips of branches"; "bases of apple trees"; "oak galls", "beating oak (Quercus sp.)"; "Pecan leaves"; "under bark of apples"; "on Quercus lmbricaria”. Brimley (1930, p. 138) records this species from the Rainy River district of Ontario. H. C. Pall is mentioned as having assisted in the identification of the specimens recorded in the paper.

Tricorynus congruus (Pall) n. comb. Figures 21, 96 Catorama congruum Fall, 1905* p. 245; Pic, 1912b, p. 68; Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum dark reddish brown to dark brown, elytra lighter at apical fourth to third, head and abdomen lighter than remainder; elytra parallel-sided; body varying slightly from 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, light yellow­ ish; elongate in profile, slightly to rather gibbous; large punctures of elytra small, not dense, those at side of pronotum smaller, denser, separated on an average by a little less than their diameters. Head - Eyes very large to moderately large, separated by 1.4 to 1.9 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally to more than average; eighth antennal segment about 1.2 times 146 as long as wide; last segnent of maxillary palpus about 2.0 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpu3 1.8 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum not bulging or inflated, nearly evenly rounded at sides. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, obscure at basal third, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; middle tibia with fine, marginal, complete groove. Metasternum nearly flat at center, evidently rounded at side; large punctures at center moderate in size and density, a little smaller, sparser laterally, easily attaining side; anteriorly at each side with a narrow, elongate fovea, smaller, variable pits also present. Length - 2.0 to 2.3 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes rather stout and styli clubbed and curving. Median lobe broadest beyond middle and nearly truncate apically; one small and two moderate sized processes present internally. Type material - Pall's type is in the MCZ and bears number 24690. It was collected at Brownsville, Texas on 24.V.04 by H. S. Barber. The pronotum is black, faintly reddish, the elytra are dark reddish black, lighter at the apex and the eyes are separated by 1.7 times their vertical diameter. 147 Distribution - A total of 17 specimens, all from Texas, have been seen. Hiey were collected from March to June and are from the following localities: Hidalgo Co., Bexar Co.- Fort Sam Houston, Llano Co.-Enchanted Rock, N. W. Blanco

Co.. Thirteen of these specimens come from OSU. Variation - These individuals are quite markedly consist­ ent in their morphology. All that can be added to that covered in the description is that the dorsal profile varies from slightly stouter to slightly more elongate than in fig. 21. Three specimens from Texas (OSU) are quite similar to congruus (Pall) except that they are decidedly more elongate in profile. They are labeled "congruus?". The genitalia have not been seen. Discussion - The eyes of the males of this species are separated by 1.4 to 1.5 times their vertical diameter. Those of the females are separated by 1.8 to 1.9 times their vertical diameter. A couple of specimens from Llano Co. bear the data "Beat­ ing mesquite (Prosopis grandulosa)". Ihe size range of this species as given by Pall (1905, p. 245) is 1.6 to 2.1 mm. I have seen no specimens smaller than 2.0 mm.

Trlcorynus con.junctus (Pall) n. comb. Pigure 24 Catorama conjunction Pall, 1905, p. 248; Pic, 1912b, p. 68; 148

Leng, 1920, p. 243; Boving, 1954, p. 138 General - Dorsal surface and metasternum bright reddish brown to dark reddish brown, head and abdomen sometimes lighter; elytra parallel-sided; body 1.7 to nearly 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, very light yellowish; elongate in profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra rather small, moderate in density, those at side of pronotum much smaller, noticeably denser, separated on an average by 1.5 times their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate in size, separated by 2.0 to nearly 2.2 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segnent about 1 .7 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of maxillary palpus nearly three times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.6 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum distinctly, nearly evenly rounded laterally. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, nearly or quite marginal, much finer or absent at basal third, posterior groove strong, not marginal, abbreviated near apex; middle tibia not grooved. Metaster­ num evidently, nearly evenly rounded throughout;. large punc­ tures at center rather small, moderate in density, slightly smaller, sparser laterally, easily attaining side, those at center equal in size to a little larger, less dense than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with minute, variable foveae. 149 Length - 2.7 to 3.4 mm.

Male genitalia - No males of this species have been seen. Type material - The holotype of this species bears number 21105 and is in the USNM. It was collected at Fresno, Calif­ ornia on September 5 by E. A. Schwarz. The color of the dorsal surface is reddish brown, the eyes are separated by 2.15 times their vertical diameter and the length is 2.8 mm. Distribution - Only five individuals (four females, sex of type not known) belonging to this species have been seen. All are from California and were collected in May and June at the following localities: Fresno (type); Oro Grande, Independence, 12 miles east Imperial Co.-Heber. Variation - No significant variation has been observed which is not included in the description. Discussion - Only females of this species have been recognized so external sexual characters are not known. This species is most nearly related to angustus (Fall) and differs in a number of characters. It is larger (2.7 to 3.4 mm. versus 2.3 to 2.8 mm.), the eyes are smaller (separated by 2.0 to 2.2 times their vertical diameter versus about 1.88), and it is stouter in profile (fig. 24) than angustus (fig. 6). Also the ranges are quite distinct, conjunctus being from California and angustus being from Kansas. Unfortunately the male genitalia of neither of these species have been seen. Boving (1954, p. 138) records "Catorama sp. (near C. con.lunctum Fall)" from a gall in the stem of white sage 150 (Artemisia ludovlclana).

Tricorynus conophilus (Pall) n. comb.

Figure 23 Catorama conophilum Fall, 1905# p. 2 3 6; Fall and Cockerell, 1907, P. 185; Pic, 1912b, p. 68; Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum reddish brown to nearly black, head and abdomen lighter, elytra often vaguely vittate; elytra very feebly widening to near middle; body about 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, light yellowish grey; rather robust, not gibbous in profile; large punctures of elytra moderate in size and density, those at side of pronotum distinctly smaller and denser, separated on an average by less than their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate in size, separated by 2.1 to 2.4 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.7 times as long as wide; (palpi not seen). Dorsal surface - Pronotum not bulging or inflated at side, very evenly rounded. Elytra with no trace of lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior stria distinct at apical two-thirds, not quite margLnal, posterior stria strong, complete, removed from margin; middle tibia grooved, complete, not quite marginal. Metasternum somewhat rounded at center, more evidently so at side; larger punctures moderate in size and density at 151 center, slightly smaller at side, easily attaining side; those at center distinctly smaller, less dense than large punctures at side of pronotum; a single narrow, quite elon­ gate fovea present anteriorly at each side. Length - 3.0 to 3.5 mm.

Male genitalia - No males have been seen.

Type material - A specimen in the USNM collection bearing number 22367 is hereby designated as the lectotype. It was collected at Las Vegas, New Mexico, on December 5* 1901 by Barber and Schwarz. The dorsal surface is very dark reddish brown and the body length is 3.5 mm. Distribution - Only eight specimens have been seen, one being the type. The localities are as follows: NEW MEXICO, Las Vegas; TEXAS, Chisos Mts.

Variation - No significant variation beyond that covered in the description has been detected. Discussion - This species is quite rare in collections. Seven of the specimens which have been seen are from the Hubbard and Schwarz collection. Conophilus is most nearly related to lentus (Pall). See under the latter species for a discussion of the differ­ ences . Pall (1905# p. 236 and 1907, p. 185) records this species from the cone of Pinus edulis. 152 Trlcorynus consobrlnus (Pall) n. comb. Figures 20, 97 Catorama consobrlnum Pall, 1905» p. 249; Pall and Cockerell, 1907, p. 185; Pic, 1912b, p. 68; Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum rather light brown to very dark brown, head and abdomen lighter, reddish, elytra lighter at apical third; elytra parallel-sided or very slightly narrowed i f rom humeri; body varying somewhat from just over 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence mod­ erate in density, light yellowish; elongate in profile, distinctly gibbous; large punctures of elytra small, rather dense, those at side of pronotum smaller, distinctly denser, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes large to fairly large, separated by 1.3 to 1.9 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.6 times as long as wide; last segnent of maxillary palpus about 2.6 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.6 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded at side. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, nearly complete to finer or indistinct at basal third, posterior groove strong, not marginal, nearly complete or somewhat shortened near apex; middle tibia not distinctly grooved, feeble indication of a 153 groove sometimes evident at basal third. Metasternum quite flat throughout to somewhat rounded at side; large punctures near center rather small, moderate in density, not smaller, sparser laterally, very easily attaining side, distinctly larger, less dense than those at side of pronotum; lacking distinct foveae or with a very small, indistinct fovea each side. Length - 2.6 to 3.3 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes curving inwardly and broad­ est near base; styli rather short and somewhat clubbed. Median lobe broadest at base and distinctly narrowed apic- ally; three small apical, and two moderate sized or large basal spines present internally. Type material - The type is number 24691 in the Pall collection at MCZ. It was taken at Oracle, Arizona on 11-7 by Hubbard and Schwarz. The dorsal surface is quite dark, the eyes are separated by 1.37 times their vertical diameter and the length is 2.7 mm. Distribution - A total of 59 individuals collected from May to August have been seen. These were collected from the following localities: ARIZONA, Pinalena Mts.-Port Grant; Sierritas-Black Dike Prospect, Dragoon Mts.-Texas Pass, Palmerlee, Mt. Washington, Chiricahua Mts., Huachuca Mts., Port Huachuca, Patagonia, Graham Co.-Bonita, Tucson, Peloncillo Mts.-l8 Mi. N. Rodeo, Cochise Co.-2.5 Mi. S. Wilcox, Baboquivari Mts.-Browns Can., Gila Co.-Pinal Mts., 154 Santa Rita Mts., Hualpai M., NEW MEXICO, Organ, Deming, Bernalillo Co.-Nr. "U". Sandia Mts., Lincoln Co. Variation - Some few specimens placed here are a little less gibbous and others a little more elongate than typical examples. Just a few specimens have the large punctures of the metasternum a little larger them usual, they thus vary in the direction of imltans n. sp. There is little else that can be added to that covered in the description. Eighty-six specimens exhibiting notable differences from this species have been placed "nr. consobrinu311. This has been done for convenience more than any other reason, for a number of them range in the direction of vittatus n. sp. and imltans n. sp. They are mostly from Texas, Arizona and California. The differences they exhibit from consobrinus include: rather more elongate gibbous in profile; stoutly elongate, not gibbous in profile; quite elongate, not gibbous in profile; large punctures of metasternum noticeably larger or smaller; large punctures of pronotum extremely small; much smaller in body size (down to 2.0 mm.). A few genitalia dissections have been made in certain of these and they indicate that a number of species distinct from presently described ones are represented. The external differences are, however, of such a minute nature that they would be exceedingly difficult to separate from present species. Discussion - The complex of species associated with consobrinus, vittatus and imltans (including a number of 155 undescribed species) are as close and difficult to separate externally as any other species group in Tricorynus. The few genitalic dissections made indicate these organs are very reliable for distinguishing these species. No external characters useful for distinguishing the sexes have been found. Wie minimum size as given by Pall (1905, p. 249) is 2.2 mm., no specimens that small have been examined during this study.

Tricorynus debilis (LeConte) n . comb. Figures 19, 98 Hemlptychus debilis,LeConte, 1878, p. 408; Austin, 1880, p.

32; Henshaw, 1885, p. 84. Catorama debilis (LeConte), Pall, 1905, p. 243; Pic, 1912b, p. 68; Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum light reddish brown to dark reddish brown, head and abdomen light reddish brown to dull reddish; elytra parallel-sided; body I.65 to 1.75 times as long as wide; pubescence rather sparse, very light yellowish; rather elongate in profile, not or very feebly gibbous; large punctures of elytra rather small, moderate in density, those at side of pronotum smaller, much denser, separated on an average by a little less than their

diameter. Head - Eyes large to fairly large, separated by 1.4 to 1.9 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth 156 antennal segment about 1.3 times longer than wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 2.5 times longer than wide, outer margin often sinuate; last segnent of labial palpus nearly two times longer than wide, outer margin often sinuate. Dorsal surface - Pronotum not bulging nor inflated, nearly evenly rounded at side. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, indistinct or absent at basal third, posterior groove strong, not quite marginal, complete or nearly so; middle tibia with a fine, marginal groove, usually complete, often less distinct apically. Metasternum evidently rounded at center, more or less strongly bulging at side; large punctures at center small, moderate in density, much smaller, sparser laterally, broadly absent at side, those at center usually a little smaller, less dense than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, narrow fovea, two small, circular ones usually present internally. Length - 1.8 to 2.3 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest medially and rather truncate apically; styli rather stout and clubbed. Median lobe nearly parallel-sided, with five small spines present internally. There is some doubt in my mind that the specimens before me represent but a single species t Unfortunately there are 157 not sufficient of these to enable the relationships to be worked out with certainty. Type material - The type is number 3640 in the LeConte collection at MCZ. It was taken at Enterprise, Florida on May 10 and bears no further data. The dorsal surface is distinctly reddish brown, the eyes are separated by 1.4 times their vertical diameter and the length is 2.1 mm. Distribution - A total of eleven specimens have been seen. They were collected in April and May from the following localities: FLORIDA, Biscayne, Enterprise, Kissimmee, Levy Co.; GEORGIA, Dunwoody; SOUTH CAROLINA, Clemson. Variation - The type and the nine specimens vary in the degree of sinuation of the palpi. They are distinctly sinuate in the type but range to somewhat or just slightly in the others. Also the large punctures of the dorsal surface are not consistent in., their size nor density. The small punc­ tures, however, are always fairly sparse. A series of ten specimens from Tybee Isl., Georgia in the OSU collection is labeled "nr. debilis". These are very small (1.7 to 2.1 mm.) but beyond this are indistinguishable externally from debilis. The male genitalia indicate that they are distinct but they will not be described on the basis of genital differences alone. An additional nine specimens from Florida, Texas and Arizona have been placed near debilis. They differ in one or more ways from debilis but offer no consistent characters. 158 Discussion - There appear to be species near debills which are nearly or quite indistinguishable from debilis on the basis of external characters. I am not even certain that all the specimens determined as debills belong to one species. No biological information is available.

Tricorynus densus (Pall) n. comb. Figures 18, 99

Catorama densum Pall, 1905, p. 240; Pic, 1912b, p. 69; Leng, 1920, p. 243. Catorama rogersl Hatch, 1961, p. 326. New synonymy. General - Elytra, pronotum and metasternum dusky reddish black to black, pronotum often lighter, head and often abdomen usually lighter than remainder; elytra not parallel, somewhat widening to middle; body about 1 .7 times as long as wide; pubescence rather sparse; light greyish; quite elongate in profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra just distinguishable to nearly obsolete, no evidence of larger punctures on pronotum. Head - Eyes very small, separated by 3.1 to 4.0 times their vertical diameter, slightly bulging; eighth antennal segment about 1 .2 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus 2 .0 to nearly 3 .0 times as long as last seg­ ment of labial palpus about 1 .5 times as long as wide; surface finely alutaceous. Dorsal surface - Pronotum flat to somewhat concave at 159 sides, surface finely alutaceous, not or feebly shining. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae; surface finely to obscurely alutaceous. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bisalcate, anterior groove distinct, more or less marginal, nearly complete to less distinct at basal third, posterior groove distinct, not quite marginal, complete to somewhat abbreviated apically, surface very finely granulate; middle tibia sulcate, groove very fine, marginal, usually obscure at apical third. Metasternum somewhat rounded at center, rather distinctly bulging at side; larger punctures small, dense at center, smaller, sparser laterally, rather easily attaining side posteriorly, very small, sparse anteriorly; anteriorly at each side with an extremely long, narrow fovea, much smaller, variable pits present. Length - 2.0 to 2.7 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes distinctly broadest at middle and indented apically; styli narrow, straight and somewhat clubbed. Median lobe somewhat broadest beyond middle, one large, two medium sized and one small process present internally. Type material - The type is in the USNM and bears the num­

ber 21093. It was taken at Washington, D. C. on "28-5" by Hubbard and Schwarz. The elytra are reddish black, the pronotum is reddish, irregularly fuscous, the eyes are separated by 3.5 times their vertical diameter and the length is 2.7 mm. 160

Distribution - Twenty-two specimens, all taken in May, June and July have been seen, they are from the following localities; NEW YORK, Phoenicia, Ithaca; MASSACHUSETTS, Sherbom, Natick: TENNESSEE, Oak Ridge; INDIANA, Putnam Co.; ILLINOIS, "ill."; MICHIGAN, Horn Mt. Club, Cheboygan Co.; SOUTH DAKOTA, De Smet, 16 mi. S. Kellers Corner, Cottonwood, Vayland, Newell, Buffalo, ALBERTA, McMurray;. WASHINGTON, Cheney, Pour Lakes. This species is widely distributed but infrequently collected. Variati on - Besides the color variation covered in the description the development of the larger punctures of the elytra is most variable. These are always small, not dense, but range from quite diBtinct to nearly obsolete. Discussion - A character not mentioned in the description is that the head adjacent to the eyes is very finely, narrowly impressed, this impressed line is confluent with a similar line over the feeble ridge above the antennal insertion. This character is distinct in most but quite feeble in others. There is no biological information available. Densus is most nearly related to borealis (Lee.), for a discussion of the differences see under that species. Examination of Hatch’s type of C. rogersi has shown it to be identical with this species. 161

Tricorynus dlchrous (Pall) n. comb. Figures 22, 101 Catorama dlchroum Pall, 1905» p. 240; Dury, 1906, p. 259; Smith, 1910, p. 307; Blatchley, 1910, p. 880; Pic, 1912b, p. 6 9 ; L-ng, 1920, p. 243; Leng, 1928, p. 4l4,

White, 1962, p. 25. General - Elytra black, dull reddish black or dull red­ dish, pronotum usually dull reddish, sometimes dull reddish black or even black, never darker than elytra, head and ven­ tral surface dull reddish to dull reddish black; elytra more or less parallel-sided, sometimes faintly broadest near middle; body 1.7 to 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence rather sparse, light greyish; rather elongate in profile, not at all gibbous; larger punctures of elytra and pronotum absent. Head - Eyes large to moderate in size, separated by 1.6 to 2.3 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antenna1 segment slightly longer than wide; last seg­ ment of maxillary palpus nearly three times as long as wide, last segment of labial palpus nearly two times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum very evenly rounded at side. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae; surface more or less minutely alutaceous. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove strong, not marginal, complete to most distinct at

apical half, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete, 162 surface very finely granulate; middle tibia distinctly grooved along posterior ;margin, groove complete, surface less distinctly granulate. Metasternum distinctly rounded at center, distinctly bulging at side; larger punctures at center small, moderate in density, smaller, sparser later­ ally, not or evidently attaining side, frequently intergrad­ ing with small punctures nearly throughout; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, very narrow fovea, smaller, variable pits sometimes present. Length - 1.8 to 2.2 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes rather stocky and broadest at middle; styli stout and somewhat clubbed. Median lobe nearly parallel-sided; one large and four small processes present internally. Type material - The type is in the Pall collection at MCZ and has been given type number 24693. It was taken at Penington Gap, Virginia on 12-7 by Hubbard and Schwarz. It is slightly stouter in profile than usual but is in close agreement with other characters. Distribution - Fourteen individuals collected from April to July have been seen, they are from the following locali­ ties: NEW YORK, "N.Y. city & vcty." MASSACHUSETTS, Sherborn; NEW JERSEY, Milburn, Anglesea; PENNSYLVANIA, Easton, Allegheny Co.; ILLINOIS, Pike Co.; GEORGIA, Dunwoody. This species, as some others of the nigritulus group, is widely distributed but infrequently collected. 163 Variation - The chief variation is mentioned in the description and consists largely of variability of color and degree of development of the larger punctures of the metasternum. Discussion - The only biological notes on this species are from the specimens examined. They are as follows: "reared from elm", "in tanglefoot on w. oak". The eyes of the males appear consistently larger than those of the females. In the males they are separated by 1.6 to about 2.0 times their vertical diameter. Those of the females are separated by about 2.0 to 2.3 times their vertical diameter. The exact size range is rather uncertain because of the small number of specimens. Fall gives the maximum size of this species as 2.5 mm.. I have seen no individuals this large.

Tricorynus dispar (Fall) n. comb. Figure 25 Catorama dlspar Fall, 1905, p. 241; Pic, 1912b, p. 69;

Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum reddish brown, head and abdomen lighter; elytra faintly widest near middle; body about 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence extremely short, exceedingly sparse, hairs of elytra separated by more than their lengths, greyish in color; broadly rotund in pro­ file, not gibbous; large punctures of elytra small, not dense, those at side of pronotum a little smaller, much 164 denser; elytra and pronotum very minutely alutaceous. Head - Eyes separated by 2.5 to 2.9 times their vertical diameter, somewhat flattened; eighth antennal segnent about 1.1 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 1.5 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus 1.4 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum strongly, rather evenly rounded at side. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, incomplete near base, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; middle tibia grooved, groove distinct, not marginal, complete. Metasternum rounded at center, dis­ tinctly rounded laterally; large punctures at center rather small, moderate in density, smaller, sparser laterally, attaining side, those at center a little smaller, distinctly sparser than those at side of pronotum; a narrow, elongate fovea anteriorly at each side.

Length - 1.5 bo 1.7 mm*

Male genitalia - No dissections have been made on members of this species. Type material - The type is number 21096 in USNM. It was collected at Columbus, Texas, on June 22 by Hubbard and Schwarz. The above description has been taken mostly from this specimen, only the size range of the eyes and body include data from another individual. No members of this species were present in the material loaned for study. Two paratypes of 165 this species are in MCZ, one in the LeConte collection, the other in the Pall collection, both are from the same locality as the type. Variation - Complete notes have been made on only one specimen (the type) and incomplete notes on another individual. These individuals have not been directly com­ pared so that the variation is not known. Discussion - Very few specimens have been seen and the genitalia of these have not been examined so that it is not known if the males and females are separable externally. This species is very closely related to lucldus n. sp., for a statement of the differences see under that 3pecles. Pispar is distinguishable from all other members of the genus in having the pubescence extremely short, the middle tibia grooved and the pronotum and elytra very minutely alutaceous. No biological information is available for this species.

Tricorynus elutus n. sp. Figures 26, 100 General - Dorsal surface, head and abdomen very light reddish brown, (nearly orange), metasternum often slightly darker, pronotum sometimes clouded with blackish; elytra slightly widest near middle; body 1.8 to nearly 1.9 times as long as wide; pubescence slightly denser than usual, very light yellowish; extremely elongate in profile, somewhat gibbous; large punctures of elytra absent or very tiny and 166 indistinctly indicated, large punctures at side of pronotum extremely small and indistinctly indicated, separated on an average by two to three times their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate in size, separated by 1.9 to 2.4 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 2.5 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of maxillary palpus a little over three times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.6 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum not bulging or inflated at side, evidently to distinctly more strongly rounded at level of hind angle. Elytra with two fairly distinct, very finely impressed lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, strictly marginal, complete or abbreviated at about basal third, posterior groove fine, marginal, complete to a little indistinct at apex; middle tibia with a fine, strictly marginal groove, complete to rather indistinct near apex. Metasternum moderately, nearly evenly rounded throughout, sometimes a little more strongly so at side; large punctures at center extremely small, sparse, rather

indistinct smaller, sparser, less distinct laterally, attain­ ing side, those at center larger, sparser than large punc­ tures at side of pronotum; lacking foveae.

Length - 3.1 to 3.9 nun.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes emarginate apically; styli 167 rather straight and clubbed. Median lobe is broadest near middle and nearly truncate, one large spine and three small objects present internally. The large basal spine of the median lobe is quite dis­ tinctive in that it is broadest at the middle and somewhat sharply hooked at its apex. The three small objects, two near the large spine, one near the apex of the median lobe, were quite indistinct in both male3. More exacting observa­ tions may show them to be small spines. Type material - Hblotype (male), allotype and four para- types, Kanab, Utah, June 27, 1935# U. Ball (2 paratypes in HEW, remainder in UA). The type is 3.3 mm. in length, is nearly uniform in coloration throughout (light reddish brown, nearly orange). It agrees quite well with figure 26. Diagnosis - The very large size, extremely elongate form in profile and very small, indistinct large punctures serve to distinguish this species from nearly all others. Only luteotectus (Pall) might be confused with it. The pubescence of luteotectus completely conceals the surface and it is not nearly so dense in this species. Variation - The description adequately covers the variation observed in this species. Discussion - The lateral elytral striae are much less strongly impressed than in most species. They are, however, consistently stronger than in luteotectus.

The eyes of the males are usually larger than those of the females. The size range appears to narrowly overlap 168 around 2 .2 times their vertical diameter. The specific name, meaning with scarcely distinct mark­ ings, refers to the dorsal surface. Both the large and small punctures are quite indistinct in the species.

Tricorynus estrlatus (Horn) n. comb.

Figures 33* 104 Hemiptychus estrlatus Horn, 1895* P* 390; Henshaw, 1895, p. 21. Catorama estrlatum (Horn), Fall, 1905* p. 235; Pic, 1912b, p. 69; Leng, 1920, p. 243; Blackwelder, 1945, P* 405. Catorama grande Fall, 1905* p. 236; Pic, 1912b, p. 6 9 ; Leng, 1920, p. 243; Boving, 1927* P- 59** Boving, 1954, p. 143. New synonymy. Catorama estrlatum Lepesme (as new), 1947 (in Fleutiaux, et al), p. 228. Homonym. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum light reddish brown to nearly black, most often dark brown, elytra evidently vittate except in darker specimens, head and abdomen usually somewhat lighter than remainder; elytra usually somewhat broadened to near middle, often parallel-sided to sometimes slightly narrowed from humeri; body 1.6 to 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence somewhat dense, feebly obscuring surface sculpture, yellowish grey; rather elongate robust in profile, not at all gibbous; larger punctures of elytra small, moderately dense, sometimes condensed into longitudinal bands, especially laterally, larger punctures at side of pronotum 169 decidedly smaller, denser than those of elytra, separated on an average by about 1.5 times their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate in size, separated by 2.2 to 2.5 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.5 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of maxillary palpus a little over 2 times as long as wide, last segment of labial palpus nearly 1.5 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum faintly to evidently inflated immediately above anterior angle. Elytra with no evidence of lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior stria nearly marginal, usually fine, indistinct at basal third, posterior stria complete, not marginal; middle tibia grooved posteriorly, complete, not marginal. Metasternum somewhat rounded at center, distinctly rounded at side; larger punc­ tures very small, rather dense at center, much smaller laterally, not attaining side, those at center usually equal in size to those at side of pronotum; fovea anteriorly at each side variable, usually elongate, very narrow. Length - 3.2 to 5.6 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest basally; styli curving and clubbed. Median lobe broadest beyond middle, with a single, moderate sized process internally. Type material - A specimen in the Horn collection at PANS bearing a paratype label and the data "San Fernando, 170 Lower Cal., Mex." is hereby designated as the lectotype of this species. It bears no museum number. Distribution - A total of 320 specimens, most collected from March to September, have been seen. The loclities are as follows: TEXAS, Marfa, Alpine, Rnd. Mt., Hidalgo Co., Chisos Mts., Starr Co., Big Bend N. P., Davis Mts., Jeff Davis Co., Valentine, Port Davis, Bexar Co., Hudspeth Co., Sonora; NEW MEXICO, Hidalgo Co., Hot Springs, Silver City, Mescalera Res., White Sands; Bent; ARIZONA, Huachuca Mts., Mt. Washington, Wickenburg, Santa Rita Mts., Patagonia Mts.,

Catalina Mts., White Mts., Dragoon Mts., Huash Mt., Chir- icahua Mts., Hualpai M., Palmerlee, Natl. Bridge, Cochise Co., Pima Co., Nogales; CALIFORNIA, Newton, Kern Co., Vista, Lonestar, Lancaster, San Bernadino Mts., Santa Rose M. One specimen from the National Museum labeled Pittsburgh, Pa. is very probably in error. Variation - The variation in the specimens before me suggests the existence of a cline in regard to body size. The individuals from southern Texas are somewhat smaller in average size than most, and those from Arizona and California are larger on the average. The largest examples of the species are from the latter region. There is considerable variation in the tendency of the larger punctures of the elytra to unite into longitudinal bands. On one extreme specimens exhibit distinct bands (most from Texas) and on the other extreme there is little or no tendency to banding. 171 Discussion - Grande (Pall) is united with estrlatus on the basis of complete absence of reliable external characters and genitalic differences which would serve to distinguish them. The characters given by Pall, 1905> p. 236, by which he proposed grande to be distinguishable from estrlatus ("by the greater development of the coarser punctures and its more elongate form") are of no significance. The form especially being rather variable within a series of speci­ mens with the same locality and date information. This species is a poor second to confusus (Pall) in the number of individuals seen. Estrlatus is most closely related to lentus (Pall), a combination of characters serve to separate the two. Estrlatus is 3.2 to 5 .6 mm. in length, the pubescence is yellowish grey and it ranges from Texas to southern Calif­ ornia. Lentus is 2.6 to 3.4 mm. in length, the pubescence has an orange luster and it is found only in Arizona. Estrlatus is also similar to abnormis n. sp. and can be readily separated by the groove of the middle tibia, the latter species lacks this groove. They also differ in the foveae of the metasternum. Estrlatus has a single one of these on each side, abnormis n. sp. has two on each side, the inner pair being much larger than the outer pair. Numerous specimens from Texas and Arizona are recorded as taken on or boring in Yucca. Pour specimens from Arizona are labeled "In dasyllrion flower stalk". Two specimens from 172 California are labeled "from seed pods of Yucca brevlfolla". Other California specimens bear the information "dead Joshua tree flower stalks". Boving (1954, P* 144) records larvae of this species in the flower stalk of Yucca. Two specimens from Lower California, one from San Ignacio, the other from Mesquital, are essentially identical with the North American specimens before me. This species attains a greater size than any other in our fauna. Boving (1954, p. 144) provides a single description for the larvae of tabaci (Guer.) and estrlatus (grande) and states that they are identicle in all their specific char­ acters, and that the larvae of these and other forms he has seen seem "to belong to a single, very unstable species with several subspecies and varieties". Evidence provided by external morphology and male genitalia of the adults con­ flicts with this view. I find tabaci and estrlatus to be readily separable and quite distinct and have found no evidence of subspecies within estrlatus and species related to it. Lepesme, 1947 (Fleutiaux, et al), p. 228 described C. estriatum. which is preoccupied by this name (Horn, 1895). I propose the name lepesmi for this species.

Trlcorynus exlguus (Fall) n. comb. Figures 32, 103

Catorama exiguum Fall, 1905, p* 255; Pic, 1912b, p. 6 9 ; Ieng, 173 1920, p. 243; Moore, 1937, P. 80. General - Dorsal surface and raetasternum rather light reddish brown to a little darker, head and abdomen lighter; elytra parallel-sided to slightly widest near middle; body 1.5 to 1.6 times as long as wide; pubescence a little sparser than usual, very light yellowish; stout, more or less distinctly convex in profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra moderate in size and density, rather indistinct, those at side of pronotum usually smaller, always denser, rather indistinct, separated on an average by a little less than their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate in size to very small, separated by 2.1 to 3*2 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segnent about 1.2 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus nearly three times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.6 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum distinctly bulging above anterior angle. Elytra with two rather distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, much finer or indistinct at basal third to half; posterior groove rather strong, not marginal, complete, middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum nearly flat at center, somewhat rounded at side; large punctures at center rather moderate in size, very dense to moderate in density, 174 abruptly smaller, sparser laterally, broadly absent at side, those at center equal in size, much less dense than large punctures at side of pronotum, to larger, a little less dense than these; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, rather narrow fovea, a smaller, circular fovea present internally. Length - 1.7 to 2.1 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes rather leg shaped and broad­ est basally; styli straight and faintly clubbed. Median lobe straight-sided and faintly broadest at base; one moderate sized and three small processes present internally. Type Material - The type is in the Pall collection at MCZ and is number 24695. It was taken at Pomona, California, on March 10, 1896. It is the smallest member of this category seen, being 1.7 mm. in length. The color is reddish brown and the eyes are separated by 3.16 times their vertical diameter. Distribution - Only five specimens, all from Califorhla, have been seen. None bear the date of collection. The localities are as follows: Poway, Winters, San Diego, "So. Cal.". Variation - The large punctures at the side of the prono­ tum in a couple of specimens are evidently largest adjacent to the posterior margin. In other individuals they are evenly distributed. Other variation beyond that covered in the description is negligible. 175

Discussion - The eyes of the two males seen are separated by 2*1 and 2.3 times their vertical diameter. Those of one specimen known to be a female are separated by 3*2 times their vertical diameter. The type is evidently a female as the eyes are separated by 3*1 times their vertical diameter. This species is most nearly related to obsoletus (Lee.). It differs in being smaller (1.7 to 2.1 mm. versus 2.5 to 3*0 mm.), less evenly convex in profile, and the elytral striae are more distinctly impressed. Even having seen the type I have doubts as to whether this name is here correctly applied. The type is smaller (1.7 mm.) than any of the specimens placed here (1.9 to 2.1 mm.) and other less definable differences cause nagging doubts. Tricorynus extremus n. sp. Figures 30, 108 General - Dorsal surface and metasternum reddish brown to reddish black, elytra lighter apically, head and abdomen some­ what to much lighter; elytra variable from dorsal view; narrowed from humeri or parallel-sided or feebly rounded from behind humeri; body 1.5 to 1.6 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, light yellowish grey, occasionally with a very faintly orange luster; rather stout, very strongly gibbous in profile; larger punctures of elytra very small, moderately dense, those at side of pronotum a little smaller, much denser, separated on an average by less than their diameter. 176 Head - Eyes rather large, separated by 1.7 to 2.0 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.5 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 2.5 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of labial palpus nearly as wide as long, outer margins nearly straight. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded to very slightly inflated at side. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae, upper one sometimes abbreviated apically. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia with a single posterior stria, strong, removed from margin, nearly complete to weakened or abbreviated at apical fourth, never less than three-fourths length of tibia, anterior groove sometimes very finely, indistinctly indicated at apical fourth; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum nearly rounded throughout, evidently rounded at side; larger punctures at center moderate in size and density, much smaller laterally, not or just barely attaining side, those at center larger, less dense than those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elon­ gate, rather narrow fovea, a smaller, round fovea inter- * nally. Length - 2.3 to 2.9 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest near middle; styli long, straight and faintly clubbed. Median lobe broadest beyond middle with two medium sized and three small spines present internally. 177 Type material - Described from 12 specimens, all from Arizona. Hblotype (male), Tumacacori Mts., August 21, 1940, D. J. and J. N. Knull (in OSU). Paratypes: Palmerlee, July 7, 10, 14 and 15, H. W. Wenzel (4 in OSU, 2 in REW); Flagstaff, July 30, 1938, D. J. and J. N. Knull (l in REW); Ruby, August 7, 1952 (2 in OSU); Huachuca Mts., Cochise Co., July 30, 1949, W. J. and J. W. Gertsch, (1 in AMNH): Graham Mts., Graham Co., July 8, 1955, F. G. Werner and G. D. Butler (l in UA). The type is 2.1 mm. in length and is dark reddish black in color. The single tibial stria is nearly complete and the dorsal outline in profile is just faintly less gibbous than usual. Diagnosis - Kiis species is quite similar to abbrevlatus (Fall) and can be separated on the extent of the posterior stria of the anterior tibia. This stria in abbreviatus is one-half to not more than two-thirds the length of the tibia.. The stria of this species extends from three-fourths to nearly the entire length of the tibia. The last segment of the maxillary palpus of this species is about 2.5 times longer than wide, in abbreviatus it is about 1.7 times longer than wide. In addition the ranges are quite distinct; abbreviatus is known only from Florida and this species is known just from Arizona. - Variation - There was little additional variation noticed beyond that referred to in the description. 178 Discussion - The specific name refers to the development of gibbosity, this species and abbreviatus represent the extreme in this character among North American species. Extremus is quite similar in general facies and some morphological characters to plnguis (Fall) and is considered as related to it. The metasternal shape, punctures and pits are nearly identical as is the form and punctures of the side of the pronotum.

Tricorynus fall! (Pic) n. comb. Figure 29 Catorama convexum Fall. 1905, p. 247. (homonym). Catorama falli Pic, 1905> p. 171; Pic* 1912b, p. 69; Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Dorsal surface dark reddish black, elytra lighter at apical two-fifths, metasternum reddish black, head and abdomen distinctly reddish; elytra parallel-sided; body about 1 .7 times as long as wide; pubescence rather dense, light yellowish; broadly nearly evenly convex in profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra moderate in size and density, large punctures at side of pronotum smaller, denser, separated on an average by about t their diameter. Head - Eyes rather large, separated by 1.9 (type) times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; (antennae and palpi not seen). 179 Dorsal surface - Pronotum rounded at side, somewhat bulging before posterior margin. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, indistinct at basal third, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; middle tibia with fine, complete nearly marginal groove. Metasternum rather rounded at center, distinctly bulging at side; punctures at center small, rather dense, much smaller, sparser laterally, just attaining side posteriorly, large punctures at center about equal in size, a little less dense than those at side of pronotum; metasternum at each side with an elongate, very narrow fovea. Length - 2,5 mm.

Male genitalia - Only the type has been seen and it has not been dissected. Type material - The type is number 24692 in the Pall col­ lection at MCZ. It was collected at Santa Rosa, Lower Calif­ ornia. The above description has been taken exclusively from this specimen. Pall (1905, p. 247) mentions a specimen from Arizona and for this reason the species is included in this study. Unfortunately neither the latter specimen nor any others from North America have been seen. Discussion - When the head is in repose and viewed anteriorly the eyes are partially concealed by the sides of pronotum, this is observable to a lesser extent in latus 180

(Pall). This character is strongly developed in the genus Stichtoptychus and is seen in no other member of Trlcorynus.

Tricorynus fastigiatus (Fall) n. comb. Figures 28, 102 Catorama fastlgiatum Fall, 1905* p. 244; Pic, 1912b, p. 69; Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Entire body light reddish brown to dark reddish brown, head and abdomen often lighter; elytra parallel-sided; body 1 .7 to 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, light yellowish; elongate, not or just barely gibbous in profile; large punctures of elytra very small, rather dense, those at side of pronotum smaller, not or slightly denser, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes very large to rather large, separated by 1.3

to 1.9 times their vertical diameter, more bulging than usual only in those with larger eyes; vaguely, longitudinally carinate at center; eighth antennal segment about 1.4 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus a little over 2.0 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.6 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum evidently to quite distinctly inflated at side. Elytra with two very distinct, sharply Impressed lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior 181 groove marginal, complete, finer near base, posterior groove strong, not quite marginal, complete; middle tibia with fine, distinct complete, marginal groove. Metasternum evidently flat at center, moderately to distinctly bulging at side; large punctures at center small, moderate in density, smaller, sparser laterally, not or Just barely attaining side, larger punctures at center slightly larger, less dense than those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, narrow fovea, much smaller, variable pits present internally. Length - 2.2 to 3.3 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest near middle; sty11 curving and clubbed. Median lobe broadest just beyond base, with one large and one medium sized spine internally. The large spine is distinctive in being bent at the base. Type material - The type bears only the data, Brownsville, Texas. It is in the Pall collection at MCZ and has been assigned type number 24696. The dorsal surface is rather dark reddish, the eyes are separated by 1.87 times their vertical diameter and the length is 2.8 mm. Distribution - All 84 specimens seen are from southern Texas. They were collected from March to July and are from the following localities: Brownsville, Hidalgo Co., Cameron Co., Lake Corpus Christie, Kingsville, San Juan, Premont, 15 Mi. N.E. Rio Grande City. All but 26 of these specimens are from the OSU collection. 182 Variation - The Indistinct carina of the head Is clear enough at the right angle to the light in most specimens, however, in some it is nearly or quite obsolete. The degree of inflation of the side of the pronotum is least in some of the small specimens. In these it is just evident whereas in the large specimens the inflation is fairly strong. A single individual from Long Key, Florida (in UK) is labeled "nr. fastlgiatus". It agrees in all essential characters except that the middle tibia is not groove. More specimens must be seen before its status can be determined. Discussion - The eyes of the males are consistently larger than those of the females. In the males they are separated by 1.3 to 1.5 times their vertical diameter, those of the females are separated by 1.7 to 1.8 times their vertical diameter. This is not the only species which possesses an indis­ tinct carina on the head. It is sometimes evident in texanus n. sp. and others, but is never as strong as in this

species. Occasionally the elytra are very feebly vittate much in the manner of uniformls (Fall) and nubllus (Fall), but this is never as distinct as in some examples of these. A single specimen bears the notation "Mesquite stem

gall". 183 Tricorynus florldanus (Bic) n. comb. Figure 31, 106

Catorama simplex Fall, 1905, p. 237; Pic, 1912b, p. 71; Leng, 1920, p. 243. (homonym). Catorama florldana Pic, 1912b, p. 47. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum light to some­ what darker reddish brown, head and abdomen lighter, elytra parallel-sided; body about 1.6 times longer than wide; pubescence moderate in density, light yellowish grey; rather robust in profile, not or very slightly gibbous; larger punctures of elytra small, rather dense, somewhat indistinct, those at side of pronotum about same size, denser, more distinct, center of each evidently raised, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large to moderate in size, separated by 1.9 to 2.2 times their vertical diameter, quite bulging to faintly flattened; surface immediately above eye very finely alutaceous; eighth segment of antennae about 1.9 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 1.4 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus slightly longer than wide, outer angle of both terminal palpal segments inwardly arcuate. Dorsal surface - Pronotum very feebly, nearly evenly inflated at side, curvature faintly greatest at level of hind angle. Elytra with two lateral striae, strong, quite distinctly impressed. 184

Ventral surface - Anterior tibia lacking distinct striae, an incomplete, shallow, indistinct groove sometimes present along posterior margin, surface finely, roughly granulate; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum somewhat rounded at center, strongly rounded to faintly inflated at side; larger punctures small, moderate in density at center, somewhat smaller laterally, attaining side, those at center equal in size to larger punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, very narrow fovea, small round, variable foveae present internally. Length - 2.3 to 3.0 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest above middle, styli slightly curving and clubbed. Median lobe markedly broadened apically, a single moderate sized spine present

internally. Type material - Fall*s type was collected at Punta Gorda,

Florida and is in MCZ. It bears the number 24718. It is in quite close agreement with the above description. Distribution - A total of 18 specimens collected from May to July have been seen. They were collected at the following localities: FLORIDA, Key Largo, Pta. Gorda, Biscayne, Key West, St. Nichols, Long Key, Cedar Key; LOUISIANA, Cameron. Only three specimens from two different collection dates have been seen from Louisiana. Variation - The most variable character appears to be the form in profile. Most are as illustrated (fig. 31) but a few 185 are more nearly rotundate and some are even feebly gibbous In dorsal outline.

Discussion - Pall (1905, p. 237) named this species simplex but this was preoccupied by simplex Lee., 1865, p. 239. Pic, 1912c, p. 47 proposed the name floridana. This species is apparently related to fastigiatus (Fall), however, it stands alone as the only member of the genus which has the two lateral elytral striae and no distinct tibial striae. The alutaceous patch above each eye also serves to distinguish it. No biological information is available. In addition to the above specimens I have seen nine individuals from the Bahama Islands.

Tricorynus gibbulus (Fall)

Key to subspecies of T. gibbulus (Fall) 1. Form in profile elongate gibbous; Nevada and Utah £. elongatus If. Form in profile less elongate; Texas to

California...... 2 2(1*). Large punctures of metasternum larger; pubescence sparser; Texas to Arizona • • • ...... £• gibbulus

2 ». Large punctures of metasternum smaller; pubescence denser; California and western

Arizona £• pubescens 186

Tricorynus gibbulus gibbulus (Pall) n. comb. Figures 4l, 105 Catorama glbbulum Pall, 1905* p. 238; Pic. 1912b, p. 6 9 ;

Leng* 1920, p. 243. Catorama trlvlale Pall, 1905, p. 248; Pic, 1912b, p. 6 9 ; Leng, 1920, p. 243; Wolcott, 1936, p. 240. New synonymy. General - Body light brown or light reddish brown to dark brown or even dark reddish black, elytra usually lighter at apical third to nearly half, elytra in darker specimens often very feebly vittate, head and abdomen often lighter; elytra parallel-sided or rather narrowing from just behind humeri; body 1.6 to 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence moderately dense, feebly obscuring surface sculpture, yellowish to silvery, often somewhat glistening; elongate robust, distinct-ly gibbous in profile; larger punctures of elytra quite small, rather dense, thost at side of pronotum much smaller, denser, occasionally indistinct, separated on an average by 1.5 times their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large, separated by 1.5 to 2.0 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment nearly 1 .5 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 3.0 times as long as wide, last seg­ ment of labial palpus about 2.0 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded to some­ what flat front to back. Elytra with two very fine, sharply impressed lateral striae. 187 Ventral surface - Anterior tibia with a very fine, anterior, marginal, usually complete stria, sometimes obscured at base and/or near apex, posterior groove nearly complete to entirely absent, fine, marginal when present; middle tibia not sulcate. Metasternum nearly perfectly flat throughout to slightly rounded at side; larger punctures moderate in size and rather dense, nearly evenly distributed throughout, not or but slightly smaller at side and very easily attaining side, much larger, less dense than larger punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a single elongate fovea, variable in length. Length - 1.6 to 2.7 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes nearly parallel; styli curving and clubbed. Median lobe broadest beyond middle, with three medium sized and two small spines internally. The male genitalia of the two subspecies described below are identical with these. Type material - The holotype is labeled type number 24697 and is in the Pall collection at MVZ. It was taken at Catalina Springs, Arizona, on April 23 by Hubbard and Schwarz. Distribution - A total of 154 specimens collected from March to September have been seen, they are from the follow­ ing localities: TEXAS, S. W. Brewster Co., Ysleta, Big Bend Ntl. Fk., Catarina, McNary, Starr Co., Del Rio, Sanderson, Van Horn, Kerrville, Kingsville, Navasota , Round Mt., Fedor, 188

Sonora, Hidalgo Co., Val Verde Co., Jefferson, Big Springs, Llano Co., Port Davis; ARIZONA', Phoenix, Globe, Yuma, Organ Pipe N. M., Tucson, Pima Co., 15 mi. So. Ajo, Ft. Grant, Santa Rita Mts., Tucson Mts., Wickenburg, Pearce, Thatcher, Superior, Dragoon Mts., Sedona, Gila Mts., Maricopa Co.j NEW MEXICO, Deming, Sandoval Co., Organ, Lordsburg, Las Cruces, Dona Apa Co.-Pyramid Peak. One specimen is labeled "Glen View, 111." very probably in error. Variation - Attempts to work this species into the key were complicated by the variability of the grooves of the anterior tibia. This species is more variable in this character than any other. The anterior groove is always marginal and quite fine, never being as deeply or broadly impressed as the tibial grooves of most species. In a few specimens it is so fine as to be quite indistinct, a couple of specimens have been seen in which it is rather feebly indicated and nearly obsolete. It is usually evident for about three-fourths the length of the tibia, in some, however, it ranges down to or less than half its length. For these reasons and the fact that these grooves are some­ times difficult to see when the specimen is in repose this species has been made to key out in three places. This variation in the tibial grooves is also found with the two subspecies described below. The traces of a posterior tibial groove are quite 189 variable from specimen to specimen. It frequently is not indicated at all, but when it is it ranges from extremely short to about two-thirds the length of the tibia. It is never deep enough to be called distinct. There is rather haphazard variation within this popula­ tion in regards to the degree of gibbosity and tapering of the elytral declivity in profile. Eighty-eight individuals from Arizona, California, Texas, New Mexico and Nevada have been labeled "nr, gibbulus", In some the profile is much less gibbous than gibbulus and approaches a rotund condition. The development of the large punctures at the side of the pronotum is quite inconsistent. These are always small but on one extreme are quite distinct and on the other are entirely indistinguishable from the small. In a few individuals the pronotum is quite indistinctly alutaceous, in these the large punctures are obscured. In some of the smaller specimens in this series (down to 2.1 mm.) the metasternal punctures are noticeably smaller and less dense than usual. The genitalia of these have not been examined. The variation just discussed may just be evidence of a species even more variable than here con­ ceived, however, I consider this unlikely. Discussion - Even with the above large number of highly variable specimens excluded from this category I am not certain that all individuals placed in this species belong here. There are some slight indications that there may be 190 distinct categories within this series of specimens. Genitalic dissections have not been thorough enough to uncover these if they exist.

Trlcorynus gibbulus pubescencs n. sbsp.

Compared with £. gibbulus - Pubescence slightly denser, a little more evidently obscuring surface sculpture; large punctures at side of pronotum smaller, frequently inter­ grading with small punctures; larger punctures of metaster­ num noticeably smaller; body size averaging a little larger. Length - 2.2 to 2.9 mm.

Tfype material - Holotype (male) and allotype, Cathedral City, Riverside Co., California, L. W. Isaak (in UCD), the former collected on August 30, 1950, the latter on August:20, 1950. Fifteen paratypes with same locality and collector data were taken on June 20 to September 4, 1950 (12 in UCD, 3 in REW). IVrenty-three paratypes in the UCB (9 ), UK (1), CU (3), UCD (3), CAS (5), SJSC (l), and USNM (l), collections. Ttoo of this series are in the REW Collection. These individuals are from the following localities: San Bernadino Co., Palm Springs, Coachella, Borego, Visalia, Indo. Two specimens from Yuma, Arizona are nearly identical with the California specimens and are placed here though not labeled as paratypes. Discussion - Some specimens of £. gibbulus from south western Arizona appear to intergrade with this subspecies. 191 Trlcorynus gibbulus elongatus n. sbsp.

Compared with g. gibbulus - Much more elongate In profile; larger punctures of metasternum smaller and often a little denser, especially towards center. Length - 2.0 to 3.0 mm.

Type material - Type (male) and allotype collected 2 m. North of Nixon, Nevada, Washoe Co., on VI-24-61 by F. D. Parker and are in UCD. In addition there are 16 paratypes with identical data, 12 in UCD, 4 in REW. Five additional paratypes are from Yerington Co., Nevada (4 in UCB, 1 in REW) and one from Big Rock Candy Mt., Sevier Co., Utah and is in UCD. Discussion - Some specimens of g. gibbulus from Arizona approach this subspecies in elongation of the body. A couple of specimens In the above series are less elongate than usual and resemble the typical g. gibbulus.

Tricorynus gracilis (Fall) n. comb.

Figures 27, 107 Catorama gracile Fall, 1905, P* 252; Dury, 1906, p. 259; Blatchley, 1910, p. 881; Pie, 1912b, p. 6 9 ; Leng, 1920,

p. 243; Boving, 1954, p. 74; White, 1962, p. 27. General - Entire body light reddish orange, metasternum slightly darker; elytra parallel-sided; body very elongate, 1.9 to 2.0 times as long as wide; pubescence quite sparse, 192 very light yellowish; very elongate in profile, not at all gibbous; elytra and pronotum lacking distinct large punc­ tures. Head - Eyes very large to rather large, separated by 1.4 to 2.0 times their vertical diameter, rather to much more strongly bulging than usual; eighth and ninth antennal segments greatly produced laterally in male, both about 2.2 times as wide as long, these about 1.7 times as wide as long in female; last segment of maxillary palpus nearly 2.0 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.3 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum somewhat rounded at side, nearly flat behind anterior margin. Elytra with one short, distinct, lateral groove, upper one absent or very feebly indicated. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, indistinct at basal third, posterior groove fairly strong, not quite marginal, incomplete near apex; middle tibia with strictly marginal, fine groove, incomplete at apical third. Metasternum rounded at center, broadly, very strongly rounded at side; large punctures absent or very small, just distinguishable from small punctures, broadly absent at side, anteriorly at each side with a very elongate, quite narrow fovea. Length - 1,8 to 2.1 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes distinctly finger-shaped; 193 styli very short and broad* Median lobe narrow and essen­ tially parallel, with no internal processes. The genitalia of this species are aberrant in that the median lobe is extremely narrow and entirely without internal processes• Also the stylus of the lateral lobes is very short and broad in comparison with other species. Type material - The type was collected at Cincinnati, Ohio, by Dury and is in the Pall collection at MCZ. It bears the type number 24698. It is very faintly, irregularly fuscousj the eyes are separated by 1.58 times their vertical diameter, and the length is 1.8 mm. Distribution - Only nine specimens of this unusually distinct species have been seen. Two of these were collected in May (there is no date of collection on the others). Tie specimens are from'the following localities: PENNSYLVANIA, Allegheny; OHIO, Athens; MARYLAND, Plummers I., University

Park; SOUTH CAROLINA, Florence. Variation - Nothing of value can be added to that covered

In the description. A single specimen from California (in CAS) has been labeled "nr. gracilis”. It is about 1.9 mm. in length, is orange and has but one elytral groove. The middle tibia Is not grooved and the head and antennae are normal. Though similar to gracilis In some respects it may not be closely related to it. Discussion - This species Is the most aberrant one in 194 the genus and may deserve being given separate generic rank. It Is quite different from all other members of the genus in the following respects: head extremely large (best seen from an anterior view), very evenly rounded; eyes very strongly bulging in most males; eighth and ninth antennal segments 2.2 (males) or 1.7 (females) times wider than long (these are no more than as wide as long in any other species); median lobe of male genitalia extremely narrow and without internal processes (all others known possess internal pro­ cesses). Boving (1954, p. 74) provides a description of the larva of this species. He considered it extremely aberrant and not at all like other members of the genus. The characters of the specimen discussed under example 8 gives doubts as to the wisdom of separating this species from this genus. Example 8 differs externally from gracilis only In the more distinct punctures; the antennae are as in this species. The genitalia of example 8 are similar to gracilis only in the very broad stylus of the lateral lobes. The median lobe is not unusually narrow and possesses internal processes. The distinct feature of the genitalia of this specimen is that the palp of the lateral lobe is inserted just below the middle of the lobe, which is unusually high. Before serious consideration Is given to separating gracili3 from Tricorynus a more complete series of this apparently undescribed species should be examined, for if a new genus 195 is erected it would very likely belong to it. Pall, 1905, p. 252, described this species as lacking the groove of the middle tibia. It actually possesses a fine, strictly marginal groove. Specimens from the USNM bear the information "Ex Nummul- aria tinctor on dead maple". Boving (1954, p* 7*0 provides the following note, "in fungus in bark of dead maple". The disproportionately large and evenly rounded head (in males), greatly bulging eyes and single, short elytral groove make this species unusually easy to recognize. Also the enlarged antennal club and greatly produced eighth and ninth antennal segments of the males (and to a lesser extent the females) are quite distinctive.

Trlcorynus gravis (LeConte) n. comb.

Figures 34, 109 Dorcatoma grave LeConte, 1859, p* 72. Hemlptychus gravis (LeConte), LeConte, 1866, p. 57; Gemminger and Harold, 1869, p. 1784; Crotch, 1873, p. 8l; Hubbard and Schwarz, 1878, p. 658; Popenoe, 1878, p. 82; LeConte, 1878, p. 455; Dury, 1879, p. 171; Zesch and Reinecke, 1880, p. 9; Henshaw, 1885, p. 84; Hamilton,

1895, P. 336; Wickham, 1895, P. 164; Cockerell, 1898, p. 156; Smith, 1900, p. 268; Dury, 1902, p. 150; Ulke, 1902, p. 23; Snow, 1903, p* 197; Houghton, 1905, p* 212. 196

Catorama grave (LeConte), Pall, 1905* p. 246; Pall and Cockerell, 1907, p. 185; Easton, 1909* p* 5; Smith, 1910, p. 307; Blatchley, 1910, p. 881; Pic, 1912b, p. 69; Leng, 1920, p. 243; Leng and Davis, 1924, p. 52; Boving, 1927* p. 59* Leng, 1928, p. 4l4; White, 1962, p. 26. General - Body light reddish brown to dark brown, head and abdomen often a little lighter, elytra often feebly vittate, pronotum in some very dark to nearly black; elytra parallel-sided; body averaging 1,7 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, light yellowish; body robust in profile, not or very feebly gibbous; large punctures of elytra moderate in size and density, those at side of pro­ notum about equal in size to distinctly smaller (may inter­ grade with small ones), always denser than those of elytra, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large to moderate, separated by 1.5 to 2.2 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally to quite evidently flattened; head often somewhat flattened adjacent to eyes; eighth antennal segnent about 1.3 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus a little over 2.0 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus a little longer than wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum evidently to quite distinctly inflated immediately above anterior angle. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae, upper one a little more strongly impressed than lower. 197 Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, less distinct at basal third to half, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; groove of middle tibia strong, nearly marginal, complete or nearly so. Metasternum rather rounded at center, strongly rounded to distinctly bulging at side; large punctures at center fairly large, rather dense, distinctly smaller, sparser laterally, not or Just attaining side, those at center about equal in density, equal in size to distinctly larger than those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, narrow fovea, another, smaller pit usually present internally. Length - 2,8 to 3.9 mm,

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes very stocky and broadest near middle; styli curving and distinctly clubbed. Median lobe nearly parallel, with numerous small spines externally near apex. Two large spines present internally. This is the only species which possesses tiny spines on the surface of the median lobe.

Type material - The type bears no collection data. It is in the LeConte collection;, at MCZ and is type number 3634.

Distribution - A total of 55 individuals have been seen. These were collected from May to August from the following localities: NEW JERSEY, Bamler, 7 Mile Beach, Anglesea, Cape May; MASSACHUSETTS, Tyngsboro, Marthas Vinyard; OHIO, Shawnee Forest; INDIANA, Marion Co.: TENNESSEE, Crabtree; KENTUCKY, (no other data); SOUTH CAROLINA,Ware Shoals; 198 ALABAMA, "Ala."; FLORIDA, Enterprise, Dunedin, Ormond, F. Capron. Torreya St. Park; LOUISIANA, Covington; ARKANSAS, Hot Springs, "South West Ark."; MISSISSIPPI, Lucedale; MISSOURI, "C. Mo."; TEXAS, Tatum, Harrison Co. Fall, (1905, p. 246) also records this species from New York and Pennsylvania. Wickham (1895, p. 164) recorded this species from Arizona, I consider this record rather unlikely. Cockerell, 1898, p. 156, recorded it from New Mexico.

Fall and Cockerell, 1907, p. 185, state that the identifica­ tion was erroneous. This is another of the rather numerous species in this genus which is quite widely distributed but apparently uncommon. Variation - The eyes in many specimens are somewhat to distinctly flattened and the head adjacent to them is shallowly impressed or flattened. In a few specimens, how­ ever, both are normal and are not in the least flattened. Another variable character is the development of the large punctures at the side of the pronotum. They range from quite distinctly larger than the small punctures (fig. 34) to obviously intergrading with them. In addition the large punc­ tures of the metasternum are less consistent than usual in their size and density. Five specimens from various localities have been labeled "nr. gravis". The differences they exhibit from gravis seem excessive but they may be extremes of this species.

Discussion - The flattening of the eyes and head adjacent 199 to the eyes Is not a sexual character as stated by Fall, 1905, p. 246. Both males and females exhibit this to vary­ ing degrees. The size of the eyes appears to be of value in distinguishing the sexes. The eyes of the two specimens confirmed as males by genitalia dissection are separated by 1.5 and 1.8 times their vertical diameter. Those of two individuals known to be females are separated by 2.0 and 2.2 times their vertical diameter. In most specimens there is a distinctly impressed, narrow line adjacent to the eye. This character has been noticed in other species but is seldom as strongly developed as here. One specimen from New Jersey bears the notation "beating oak". The punctures in some members of this species reach the peak in distinctness and sharpness of impression among members of the genus. Pall (1905, p. 246) gives the minimum size as 2.2 mm., I have seen no individuals this small.

Tricorynus guttlformls n. sp.

Figures 35, 110 General - Dorsal surface and metasternum dark reddish brown to dark brown, elytra somewhat to very feebly lighter at apical third, head and abdomen often lighter than remainder; elytra very slightly narrowed from humeri; body 200 varying slightly from 1.6 times as long as wide; pubescence rather sparse, light yellowish; rather stout, strongly gibbous in profile; large punctures of elytra small, not dense, those at side of pronotum smaller, denser, separated on an average by nearly two times their vertical diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large, separated by 1.6 to 2.0 times their vertical diameter, somewhat to distinctly flattened; eighth antennal segment slightly longer than wide; last segnent of maxillary palpus not quite 2.0 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus almost as wide as long. Dorsal surface - Pronotum quite evenly rounded at side. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae, upper groove more distinctly impressed. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia blstriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, obscure at basal third to half, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; middle tibia with a fine, marginal, complete groove. Metasternum flat through­ out to somewhat rounded at side; large punctures small, moderate in density at center, slightly smaller, sparser laterally, easily attaining side, those at center equal in size, less dense than those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a narrow, elongate fovea, usually two small, circular foveae present internally. Length - 1.7 to 2.0 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes stout and somewhat sinuate sty11 narrow, curving and clubbed. Median lobe broadest near 201 the apex* with two large and one small process intiernally. Type material - Holotype (male), Hidalgo Co., Texas, April 11, 1961, D. J. and J. N. Knull (in OSU). Allotype bears the same data except it was collected on March 20, 1952 (in OSU). All nine paratypes taken at same locality by same collectors, dates are as follows: March 28, 1954 (In OSU), April 3, 1961 (2 in OSU, 2 in REW), April 7, 1961 (1 in OSU, 1 in REW), April 11, 1961 (2 in OSU). Hie male type is 1.8 mm. in length and matches figure 35 quite closely. Hie eyes are separated by about 1.7 times their vettlcal diameter and are somewhat flattened. In addition the elytra are slightly lighter apically. In other points it agrees quite closely with the description. Diagnosis - Most closely related to congruus (Fall) and can be separated on the basis of the more strongly gibbous profile and the distinctly to somewhat flattened eyes. These are not flattened in congruus. Also this species is 1.7 to 2.0 mm. in length and congruus is 2.0 to 2.3 mm. in length. Variation - In most of the females the eyes are quite evidently flattened but in one they are feebly so. Biis character also varies in the males; they are usually evid­ ently flattened but in one they are feebly so. Other characters are quite consistent and little of value can be added to that covered in the description. Discussion - Ihe eyes of the males are less flattened than those of the females and are usually larger. The size 202 range of the eyes of the sexes narrowly overlaps at about 1.8 times their vertical diameter. The specific name, meaning drop-like in form, refers to the appearance in profile.

Trlcorynus herbarlus (Gorham) n« comb. Figures 37* 112 Cathorama herbarium Gorham (not Chev.), 1883, p. 207; Gorham, 1898, p. 325* Dash, 1917, p. 58; Lever, 1938, p. 18. Catorama herbarium (Gorham), Pic, 1912b, p. 69; Leng and Mutchler, 1914, p. 435* De Faria, 1919* p. ?* Jepson and Knowles, 1920, p. ?; herbarium, not Sltodrepa nanlceum vide Lever, 1938); Boving, 1927* p. 59* Taylor, 1928a, p. 45; Taylor, 1928b, p. 627; Weiss and Carruthers, 1936, p. 748; Wolcott, 1936, p. 240; Illingworth, 1939* p. 180; Zimmerman, 1939* P* 373* Bianchi, 1940, p. 382; Zimmerman, 1940, p. 468 (error, not C. sharpl); Sakimura and Linford, 1940, p. 452; Fisher, 1941, p. 37; Wolcott, 1941, p. 94; Lever, 1943* p. 84; Lever, 1944, p. 73* De Oliveira, 1944, p. 325* Blackwelder, 1945* p. 405; Lever, 1945* p. 8 ; Da Costa Lima, 1953* p. 229* Swezey, 1953* P* 1* Boving, 1954, p. 140; Sawaya, 1955* p. 305. Catorama mexicana Sharp (not Chev.) (in Blackburn and Sharp), 1885, p. 160; Kotinsky, 1907, p. 117; Fullaway, 1912, p. 22; Perkin, Scott & Sharp, 1913* p. 6l4; Illingworth, 203 1917* p. 281; Swezey, 1919* p. 3; Timber lake, Ehrhom and Swezey, 1921, p. 608; Timberlake, 1924, p. 422; Taylor, 1928a, p. 45; Taylor, 1928b, p. 627* Swezey, 1933* p. 226; Weiss & Carruthers, 1936, p. 748; Swezey, 1938, p. 19* Illingworth, 1939* P. 180; Zimmerman, 1939* p. 373. Catorama geminatum Pall, 1905, p. 251; Pic, 1912b, p. 69; Leng, 1920, p. 243. New synonymy. Catorama mexlcana Pic (as new), 1927* p. 10 (this species?); Blackwelder, 1945* p. 405. Homonym. General - Distinctly reddish brown to dark reddish brown, head and abdomen lighter, elytra indistinctly vittate, sur­ faces sometimes clouded with blackish; elytra parallel-sided; body 1.6 to 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, very light yellowish; rather robust, not to very faintly gibbous in profile; large punctures of elytra mod­ erate in size, not dense, distinctly arranged in rows, large punctures at side of pronotum smaller, much denser than those of elytra, separated on an average by a little less than their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large to moderate in size, separated by 1.8 to 2.4 times their vertical diameter, moderately bulging; eighth antennal segment about 1.3 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 2.5 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.6 times as long as wide. 204 Dorsal surface - Pronotum distinctly bulging above anterior angle. Elytra with two lateral striae, more or less distinctly Impressed, upper one noticeably weaker than lowerj occasionally interrupted in spots, each stria continued nearly to base by a single line of punctures, Intervals between rows of punctures feebly convex. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal or nearly so, much finer to Indistinct at basal third to half, posterior groove strong, not mar­ ginal, complete; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum some­ what rounded at center, evidently Inflated at side; large punctures at center rather large and dense, much smaller, sparser laterally, not distinctly attaining side, those at center larger, sparser than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, narrow fovea, one or two small pits present internally. Length - 2.7 to 3.5 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest near base; sty11 faintly curving and clubbed. Median lobe broadest beyond middle, with one medium sized and four small pro­ cesses Internally. Type material - Hie type is presumably deposited in the British Museum of Natural History. It has not been seen. Distribution - A total of 37 individuals have been seen. These were collected from April to November. Pall's type 205 of gemlnatum is from California. Another specimen is from Imperial Co., California. A single individual is from Phoenix, Arizona. All other specimens are from Florida and represent the following localities; Miami, DeLand, Miami Beach, Glenwood, Bade Co., Gainesville. The first specimen collected in Florida was found at Miami in 1935* In addi­ tion to the above, ten specimens have been seen which were Intercepted in the U. S. These were taken in Washington, D. C., Boston, Mass., Miami and Coconut Grove, Florida. They are recorded from materials originating in Brazil, Bolivia, Cuba, Panama and Honolulu, Hawaii. Variation - The upper elytral groove is sometimes very decidedly weaker than the lower and in others it ranges to slightly weaker. As mentioned in the description it is most often noticeably weaker than the lower. Other variation of significance is discussed in the description. Biscusslon - There appear to be no reliable external characters for separating males from females. The eyes of the males are usually larger than those of the females but the ranges broadly overlap so this character is of slight value. Herbarlus is at once separable from all other species occurlng in North America on the basis of the distinct rows of elytral punctures. It seems most similar in external morphology and male genitalia to mancus (Fall). 206 nils tropical to subtropical species is known as the Mexican book beetle and is now established in the United States. Besides damaging books it is known to infest a wide variety of organic materials, including leather goods, upholstered furniture, slippers, wood and brooms. In addi­ tion the larvae feed in seeds and husks of various plants. The tropical range includes Central America, Caribbean Islands, South America and Hawaii. Hie large punctures of the elytra form five or six more or less distinct double rows on the disk. Following these are one or two rows of usually confused punctures and three rows of single punctures, the lower two of which join the lateral striae. There Is always a total of ten rows. A description of the larva and discussion of this species

can be found in White (1963* p.282). Taylor (1928a) deserves credit for first suggesting mexlcana and herbarlus to be the same species. Geminatum Fall has been found to be identical with herbarlus. I find it difficult to see how Fall made the mis­ take of redescribing herbarlus. for he evidently had seen specimens of this species. These are mentioned in the dis­ cussion of confusus (1905/ p. 253). Pic's mexlcana may be synonymous with herbarlus. I have seen no specimens of it but judging by the description (not-with-standlng the large size, 4.0 mm.) it seems iden­ tical. In a companion study of the Trlcorynus of Mexico I 207 find no species other than herbarlus which could fit his description. No other species known to me approaching this size would fit his "lineato punctatls, lateraliter diverse sulcatis", (punctures in rows, laterally with varying grooves). The variety multlstriata I am unable to recognize,

Tricorynus imitans n, sp.

Figure 113 General - Dorsal surface and metasternum rather dark brown to quite dark brown, head and abdomen usually lighter, elytra usually lighter at apical third; elytra parallel-sided body 1.6 to 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in length and density, light yellowish; elongate, distinctly gibbous in profile; large punctures of elytra moderate in size and density, those at side of pronotum smaller, a little denser, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes rather large, separated by 1.7 to 2.0 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segnent about 1.5 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 2.5 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of labial palpus about 1.5 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded at side. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, incomplete at basal third to half, posterior groove stronger, not marginal, complete or nearly so; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum nearly completely 208 flat throughout, but faintly rounded at side In some; large punctures moderate In size and density, quite evenly distributed throughout, distinctly larger, less dense than those at side of pronotum; lacking distinct anterior foveae or very small, variable pits present. Length - 2.2 to 3.0 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes narrow and curving inwardly; styli short, straight and rather clubbed. Median lobe stout and broadest basally, two rather large and two small pro­ cesses present internally. i Type material - Holotype (male), Sanderson, Texas, April, 27, 1959, Becker and Hbwden. Allotype, Port Davis, Texas, May 31, 1959 by the same collectors (both in CBA). Fifty-one paratypes, all from Texas, bear the following data: same as holotype (l in CDA); Port Davis, May 29, 1959, M. R. MacKay (4 in CDA); Port Davis, May 30, 1959, Hbwden and Becker (4 In CDA, 2 in REW), and May 31, 1959 (2 in CDA); Big Bend N.P., 5 mi. N. Glenn Spr., 3000', May 24, 1959, Howden and Becker (4 in CDA); Big Bend Mat. Pk., Oak Spring, 4000«, May 8, 1959, Howden and Becker (2 in CDA)and May 22, 1959 (3 in CDA); Del Rio, April 25-26, 1959, Becker and Hbwden (1 in CDA, 1 in REW); Big Bend Nat. Pk., Panther Jet., 4000', May 2, 1959, Hbwden and Becker (l in CDA) and April 29-30, 1959, (3 in CDA, 1 in REW); Big Bend Nat. Pk., Tornillo Plat, 3200', May 3, 1959, Howden and Becker, (1 in CDA) and May 12, 1959, (l in HEW); Big Bend Nat. Pk., Nine Pt. Draw, 2600; May 20, 1959 (l in CDA); Big Bend Nat. Pk., Chisos Basin, May 8, 1959> Hbwden and Becker (1 in REW); Val Verde Co., May, 1941, D. J. and J. N. Knull (1 in OSU); Davis Mts., June 21, 1949* D* J. and J. N. Knull (1 in OSU) and July 11, 1955 (1 in OSU) and July 4, 1957 (l in OSU) and June 24, 1956 (1 in OSU, 1 in REW) and June 24, 1957 (2 in OSU); Marfa, July 12, J. W. Green (1 in CAS); Davis Mts., June and July, 1928, 0. C. Poling (2 in MCZ); Marathon, July 9, 1938, L. W. Hepner (1 in UK); Port Davis, May 15 to 25, 1928, Chamberlain, (1 in CU); Alpine, August 1 to 15, 1926, 0. C. Poling (1 in CU); 9 Mi. S. W. Dell City, Hudspeth Co., July 31, 1950, R. P. Smith (l in AMNH); Basin, Big Bend Nat. Pk., Brewster Co., July 14, 1950, R. P. Smith (1 in AMNH); 4 Mi. W. Port Davis, July 15, 1956, H. and A. Howden (1 in HC); Chisos Basin, Big Bend, July 16, 1956, H. and A. Hbwden (l in HC). The male type is 2.5 mm. in length. It is quite typical for the species in essential characters. Diagnosis - nils species is quite similar to conBobrinus (Fall) and would be considered a subspecies of it were it not for the distinct genltallc differences. Bie two may best be distinguished as follows. In consobrlnus a longitudinal line through the metasternum midway between the center and the side intersects or touches an average of six large punctures, in this species such a line intersects or touches an average of four large punctures, in some specimens the profile is slightly more strongly gibbous and the large pun©- 2X0 tures of the pronotum are larger, less dense than in conso­ brlnus. The genitalia of the two species are quite distinct. In consobrlnus the median lobe is distinctly narrowed apically, in this species it is just somewhat narrowed to the apex. Also the internal spines of the median lobe are quite different in their form, and location (Pigs. 97 and 113). In addition to these morphological differences the ranges of the species are quite distinct. Consobrinus is known from Arizona and New Mexico and imltans is known only from south­ western Texas. Variation - Most specimens are nearly or quite identical to consobrlnus in profile (this species is not illustrated for that reason), a few, however, are a little less elongate, more gibbous. There is rather noticeable variation in the size of the large metasternal punctures. None, however, have these as small as in consobrinus. The large punctures of the elytra are, in a few individuals, a little larger than usual.

Discussion - No external sex characters have been found. The external differences separating this species from consobrlnus are few and minor, but the male genitalia leave little doubt that the two are distinct. The specific name is in reference to the strong similarity of this species to consobrinus. The two can be separated on external characters only with difficulty,

Tricorynus lnaequalis (Pall) n. comb. Figures 38, 111 Catorama inaequale Pall, 1905, p. 237; Pic. 1912b, p. 69; 211 Leng, 1920, p. 243; Boving, 1954, p. 142. General - Elytra, pronotum and metasternum dark reddish brown to black, head and abdomen llghter;elytra parallel­ sided; body 1.7 to 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate In density, light grey with a yellowish tinge; rather elongate, quite gibbous in profile; larger punctures of elytra rather small, moderate In density, those at side of pronotum as large to somewhat larger, much denser, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes very large to rather large, separated by 1.3 to 1.9 time8 their vertical diameter, more strongly bulging than usual In males with large eyes, bulging normally In others; eighth antennal segment about 1.4 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 3.0 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.6 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded laterally, usually somewhat narrowly flattened along anterior angle. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia with a single strong posterior groove, abbreviated at apical fourth, not marginal, approaching middle of tibia; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum flat at center, very slightly rounded at side; larger punctures at center moderate In size and density, not or Just slightly smaller laterally, very easily attaining side, larger punctures at center about equal to, much sparser 212 than those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a small, oval fovea, usually two or three other small foveae present. Length - 2.1 to 3.2 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes somewhat curved Inwardly and broadest above middle; styll long, curved and clubbed. Median lobe broadest at base, with two large, two medium sized and one small process Internally. The situation with this species Is similar to that found In punctulatus (Lee.) and mutans (Fall) with there being differences In genital structure between specimens which are apparently not separable externally. The condition of the type is not known. The form of the genitalia shows very distinct affinities to megalops n. sp. Type material - The type is number 24701 In the Fall collection at MCZ. It was taken at Loredo, Texas on May 27 by Hubbard and Schwarz. At 3.2 mm. It Is one of the largest examples of this species which has been seen. Distribution - A total of 224 specimens have been seen, they were collected from April to August (most in July) from the following localities: TEXAS, Big Bend Nat. Pk., Catarina, Davis Mts., Devils River, S. W. Texas; Brewster Co., Sanderson, Alpln, 13 ml. N. E. Rio Grande City, Dryden, Hidalgo Co., ARIZONA, Baboquivarl Mts., Santa Rita Mts., Patagonia, Tucson, Oracle, Santa Catalina Mts., Nogales, 213 Arivaca, Pinal Mts., Chlrlcahua Mts., Sabino Canyon, Cruz Co., Ruby, Globe, Cochise Co., Merlcopa Co., Pima Co., Geronlmo, Benson, Douglas, Safford, Portal, Slerrltas, Texas Pass, Bumble Bee, Capltan Mt., Thatcher, Wilcox, Atascosa Mts., Wlckenburg, Gila Co., 17 ml. N. Sonolta, MEW MEXICO, Hot Springs, Las Cruces, 13 ml. N. Rodeo, Hidalgo Co. Three specimens are labeled "Key West Fla." Another bears only "Penn.". I suspect both records are In error. Fall (1905, p. 238) recorded this species from Laredo and Brownsville, Texas. Variation - The small round metastemal pits at the anterior margin within the outer fovea vary In number and location. There are usually two or three of these but some specimens have one or even none. The profile of the posterior part of the elytra varies to some extent. In some specimens the elytra are more strongly tapering than the normal condition shown In figure 3 8 . A total of 36 specimens from Arizona, New Mexico, Texas (one from California) are not assignable to this species with certainty and are labeled "nr. Inaequalls.” The depart­ ure they exhibit from Inaequalls Involves size, form In profile and development of the larger punctures of the metasternum. Six specimens In this series from Robles Ranch, Arizona, average very small, being from 2.0 to 2.3 mm. In length. Other specimens down to 1.9 non., but other­ wise Indistinguishable from Inaequalls. have been seen. 214 Other specimens are either more abruptly or less abruptly gibbous than Inaequalls but possess all other essential characters. A few are not at all gibbous, being elongate, not gibbous, or approaching a rotund condition. In some specimens the large punctures of the metasternum are distinctly larger or smaller than In any examples of Inaequalls. I find It difficult to Interpret the variation just dis­ cussed . Either within Inaequalls there are many local populations which vary In the characters mentioned or the variants are very closely allied species. In regards to the size range the former appears to be correct, whereas with many of the other characters I lean toward the latter as an explanation. Detailed genitalia extractions (which have not been attempted) might solve these problems. Discussion - A very fine, narrow carina is present on the outer face of each mandible. Kiis structure attains great development In some tropical species. There are no rearing records for this species but most notes referring to place of capture mention mesqulte. Boving (1954, p. 142) describes a larva which he designates "probably C. inaequale Pall". The biological Information is as follows: in ebony bean; In garlic bulb; on pod Acacia farneslana. In view of texanus n. sp. being recorded from ebony beans and the close similarity of the two species I think it possible that this species may have been confused with Inaequalls in the above study. 215 Trlcorynus indistinctus (Fall) n. comb. Figures 36, 114 Catorama lndistlnctum Fall, 1905, p. 255; Pic, 1912b, p. 69; Smith, 1910, p. 307; Leng, 1920, p. 243; Brlmley, 1938, p. 197; White, 1962, p. 27. General - Body distinctly reddish to reddish brown, head and abdomen often lighter, pronotum sometimes clouded with blackish, elytra sometimes vaguely vittate; elytra parallel­ sided; body 1 .6 5 to 1.75 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, very light yellowish; elongate in pro­ file, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra moderate in size and density, those at side of pronotum smaller, quite noticeably denser separated on an average by a little less than their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large, separated by 1.5 to 2.0 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally to rather strongly bulging; eighth antennal segment about 1 .6 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus nearly 30 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1 .5 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum evidently to distinctly bulging above anterior angle. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, incomplete at basal third to about half, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete or nearly so; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum rather 216 rounded at center, more or less distinctly bulging at side; large punctures at center moderate in size, rather dense, distinctly smaller, sparser laterally, absent at side, those at center about equal in size and density to a little smaller, sparser than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, narrow fovea, a smaller pit present internally. Length - 1.7 to 2.0 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes rather leg-shaped; styli narrow and faintly clubbed. Median lobe broadest beyond middle; with two medium sized and two small processes inter­ nally. The illustration (fig. 114) is from a specimen collected at Sparrows Point, Maryland. Another specimen placed here from Choko, Florida differs in the size, location and number of the basal, internal spines of the median lobe. Similar variation in the internal spines has been found with auctus and confusus. other members of the confusus group. Type material - The type is in the Fall collection at MCZ and bears the number 24702. It was collected at Wash­ ington, D. C. on May 11 by Hibbard and Schwarz. The dorsal surface is reddish brown in color, the eyes are separated by 1.75 times their vertical diameter and the length is 2.0 mm. Distribution - I have been able to place only eight speci­ mens in the category with a reasonable degree of certainty. They were collected from March to July from the following 217 localities: FLORIDA, Choko, Dunedin; DELAWARE, Newark; MARYIAND, Sparrows Point; NEW JERSEY, Lakehurst, Bernier; INDIANA, Dubois Co. Fall (1905, p. 255) recorded this species from Michigan. Brimley (1938, p. 197) recorded it from Southern Pines, North Carolina. Variation - The large punctures of the pronotum and meta­ sternum vary noticeably in size between Individuals. Also one specimen on hand is rather stouter in profile than usual and another is more elongate than Is typical. Four specimens from Dunwoody, Georgia have been labeled "prob. indlstinctus." They are consistently darker in color than any other specimens of this species but are typical otherwise. Discussion - I am uncertain of the exact relationship of Indlstinctus to auctus. The only character of any value in distinguishing the two (and which Is difficult to use and not always reliable) Is given below. This plus the smaller average size and greater range of indlstinctus have led me to treat the two separately. This species Is quite similar to auctus. Hie most reliable external character for distinguishing the two con­ cerns the distribution of the large punctures of the meta­ sternum. Those of indlstinctus are most often rather broadly absent at the side of the metasternum and never attain the side. In auctus these punctures very nearly or 218

(often) quite attain the side. A few specimens I have placed under auctus approach indlstinctus in this respect. Also indlstinctus extends farther north than auctus and averages smaller in size. The variability of the male genitalia make these almost useless for identification purposes•

.1 Tricorynus inflatus n. sp. Figures 43, 115 Catorama simile Fall (not LeConte), 1905, p. 250, misidentifi- cation. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum reddish brown to dark reddish brown, apical third of elytra, head and abdo­ men lighter, surfaces sometimes vaguely clouded with blackish elytra paralle1-sided; body 1.65 to 1.75 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, very light yellowish; rather elongate in profile, somewhat gibbous; large punc­ tures of elytra rather small, moderately dense, those at side of pronotum distinctly smaller, denser, these separated on an average by less than their diameter. Head - Eyes quite large to rather large, separated by 1.4 to 1.7 times their vertical diameter, rather strongly bulging; eighth antennal segment about as wide as long; last segment of maxillary palpus about 1.8 times as long as wide; last segjnent of labial palpus a little longer than wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum distinctly, usually strongly inflated at side. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. 219 Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine to rather strong; marginal, less distinct at basal third, posterior groove rather strong, not marginal, abbreviated at apical third to fourth, more or less flattened near apex; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum nearly flat throughout to a little rounded at side; large punctures at center rather small, smaller, sparser later­ ally, quite evidently attaining side, those at center a little smaller, less dense than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, very narrow fovea, a smaller, circular one present internally. Length - 2.2 to 2.8 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes rather leg-shaped, sty11 narrow, curving and somewhat clubbed. Median lobe stout, broadest above middle and truncate aplcally, one large, one medium sized, one small and one ill-defined process present internally. Type material - Holotype (male) allotype and one paratype bear the following: Stock Island, Plorida, August 3, 1961, R. E. Woodruff, (holotype and allotype in PEA, paratype in REW). One paratype from Matheson Hammock, Plorida, November 30, 1961, Micheal Kosztarab (in REW). Kiree para- types (females) bear the following: Everglade, Florida, April 15, 1912 (1 in AMNH); Biscayne, Plorida, April 29, Horn collection (1 in PANS); Long Key, Plorida, July 23, 1948, L. D. Palmer (1 in UK). 220 lhree additional specimens (from the USNM) were examined after the above description was written. They were collected at Jupiter and Key West, Florida. They are not paratypes. Fall (1905, p. 250) recorded this species under the name simile from Key Largo. The male type is 2.6 mm. in length and is very slightly less robust in profile than usual. In other respects it is quite typical. Diagnosis - This species is quite similar in general form to fastlglatus (Fall) but is easily distinguished in lacking a groove on the middle tibia. Variation - The degree of gibbosity in a couple of speci­ mens is less than usual, these being just slightly gibbous. Extremely feeble indications of elytral vittae are detectable in one specimen. Discussion - Fall's misapplication of the name simile to this species was evidently due to the incorrect determination of the Blscayne specimen from the Horn collection. He evidently relied heavily on the Horn collection when he wrote the paper. The eyes of the six females are separated by 1.5 to 1.7 times their vertical diameter, those of the single male are separated by 1.4 times their vertical diameter. The specific name refers to the side of the pronotum which is usually strongly inflated much as in fastlglatus (Fall). A number of the above specimens are recorded from dead trees. 221

Tricorynus lanceolatus n.sp. Figures 44, 116 General - Dorsal surface and metasternum rather deep reddish brown, head and abdomen lighter, elytra exceedingly feebly vittate; elytra parallel-sided; body a little less than 1.8 to nearly 1.9 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, very light yellowish, somewhat shining; extremely elongate in profile, somewhat to slightly gibbous; large punctures of elytra extremely small, moderate in density, distinct, those at side of pronotum distinctly smaller, about as dense, less distinct, separated on an aver­ age by about three times their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate in size, separated by 1.9 to 2.3 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1*6 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of maxillary palpus about 3*6 times as long as wide; last segnent of labial palpus slightly longer than wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum somewhat more strongly rounded at level of hind angle. Elytra with two distinct, finely impressed lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, strictly marginal, complete to less distinct at basal third, posterior groove fine, marginal, indistinct or absent near apex; middle tibia with fine, strictly marginal groove, often less distinct at apical third. Metasternum moderately, nearly evenly rounded throughout to somewhat more strongly so laterally; large punctures at center rather 222 small, moderate in density, distinct, somewhat smaller, sparser laterally, easily attaining side, those at center distinctly larger, as dense as large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a small, elongate fovea. Length - 3*0 to 3*5 mm,

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest near middle and indented apically; styli broad, straight and not clubbed. Median lobe widest beyond middle and truncate apically, three medium sized and two small processes present inter­ nally. Type material - Holotype (male), allotype and three para- type s taken at Amboy Crater, San Bemadino County, California on April 24, i960 . Holotype taken by J. Powell, the others by J, P. Lawrence. These specimens, except for two para- types in REW collection, are deposited in UCB. The male type is 3.5 nrm. in length and is very slightly more gibbous than the typical condition shown in fig. 44. In other respects it is in close agreement with the figure and description. Diagnosis - The very large size, extremely elongate form, quite small but distinct punctures and moderate pubescence serve to distinguish this species from all others. It Is most closely related to luteotectus (Fall). It Is easily distinguishable in that the pubescence Is much less dense. That of luteotectus completely conceals the surface 223 sculpture, in this species the surface sculpture is evident. Variation - One specimen is slightly less gibbous than fig. 44 and another Just slightly more gibbous (type). Otherwise the five specimens before me are remarkably constant and nothing more can be added to the variation covered in the description. Discussion - The eyes of the males appear to be usually larger than those of the females. The ranges appear to overlap between 2 .1 and 2 .2 times their vertical diameter. So few specimens are on hand that this is not certain. The type is labeled "Oenothera dentata". the others

"Oenothera"• The specific name, meaning spear-shaped, refers to the form in profile.

Trlcorynus latus (Horn) n. comb.

Figures 39, 117 Catorama obsoleta LeConte, 1878, p. 410; Austin, 1880, p. 32 Henshaw, 1885, p. 84 (homonym). Hemiptychus latus Horn, 1895, p. 391; Fall, 1901, p. 132. Catorama latum (Horn), Fall, 1905, p* 236; Pic, 1912b, p. 6 9 ; Leng, 1920, p. 243; Blaisdell, 1923-4, p. 3 8; Moore, 1937, p. 8 0. General - Dorsal surface and metastemum light reddish brown to rather distinctly dull reddish, head and abdomen usually lighter; elytra not parallel-sided, rather evidently 224 rounded at side, broadest In front of middle; body about 1.5 times as long as wide; pubescence rather dense, evidently obscuring surface sculpture, rather light grey, faintly yellowish; quite stout In profile, not at all gibbous, nearly evenly convex; larger punctures of elytra extremely small, moderate In density, sometimes very shallow and obscure, those at side of pronotum smaller, about as dense to a little denser than on elytra, quite shallow, more or less obscure, separated on an average by about three times their diameter. Head - Eyes quite small, separated by 2.8 to 3.0 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.5 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 2.0 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of labial palpus nearly as wide as long. Dorsal surface - Pronotum not bulging or inflated at side, anterior angle and margin above it rather broadly incurving. Elytra without lateral striae, very faint, shallow grooves sometimes evident. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior stria most distinct at apical two-thirds, more or less marginal, posterior groove complete, not quite marginal; posterior tibia grooved, complete, marginal. Metasternum very short, somewhat rounded at center, distinctly rounded to evidently inflated at side; large punctures at center rather small, not dense, becoming smaller, less distinct 225 laterally, not or Just barely attaining side, larger punc­ tures at center a little larger, more distinct than those at side of pronotum; one rather small, depressed fovea pre­ sent anteriorly at each side. Length - 2.3 to 3.8 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest near middle; styli long, faintly curving and rather clubbed. Median lobe broadest near middle, with two medium sized and two small processes Internally. The genitalia of three males (representing the smallest and largest members of the species) have been examined and found to be identical. Type material - A specimen in the LeConte collection at MCZ (collected in California) bears both the name obsoletas and latum, the former is crossed out. It has no type designa­ tion or musuem number and is hereby recognized as the lecto- type of this species. It is distinctly reddish in ground color and the length is 2.9 mm. Distribution - A total of 114 specimens, most collected in June and July, have been seen, they were taken at the following localities: CALIFORNIA, Los Angeles, Redondo, Ventura, Santa Monica, Laguna Beach, Santa Barbara, Los Angeles Co., San Diego, La Jolla, San Buena Ventura, Santa Monica. nils species is apparently confined to the coast line of southern California. 226 Variation - The degree of convexity of the dorsal sur­ face varies to some extent, some being very strongly convex while most are moderately so. The larger punctures, espec­ ially at the side of the pronotum, vary in distinctness. Also in some specimens the small punctures are nearly com­ pletely obscured by a faintly alutaceous condition. Discussion - The wings of this species are greatly reduced. In both sexes these are less than half the length of the elytra. A single specimen bears the notation "dry seaweed in sand". Blalsdell (1923-4, p. 3 8 ) records taking this species from dried kelp at the upper limit of a beach near Santa Paula, California. The small eyes, short metasternum and form of the meta- sternal foveae serve to distinguish latus from all other species. The eyes are separated by 2.8 to 3.0 times their vertical diameter. The metasternum at its shortest point (in front of the trochanter of the hind leg) is equal in length to the second visible abdominal segment at its side. Also the metasternal fovea of latus is removed from the lateral margin. Latus seems most nearly related to aberrans n. sp., and is similar in some ways to palllatus (Fall).

Trlcorynus lentus (Fall) n . comb. Figures 40, 118 Catorama lentum Fall, 1905, p. 236; Pic, 1912b, p. 69; 227 Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum reddish brown, head and abdomen lighter, surfaces sometimes clouded with blackish; elytra from dorsal view faintly broader to near middle; body 1.6 to 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate In density, light yellow with a slightly orange luster; rather elongate, not at all gibbous in profile; large punctures of elytra rather small, moderately dense, those at side of pronotum decidedly smaller, denser than on elytra, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate In size, separated by 1.9 to 2.2 times their vertical diameter, distinctly bulging; eighth antennal segment almost two times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus almost 2.0 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus almost as wide as long. Dorsal surface - Pronotum usually very evenly rounded at side, occasionally faintly Inflated. Elytra without distinct lateral striae, very faint, shallow grooves sometimes evident. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior stria nearly complete, usually much finer near base, not strictly marginal, posterior stria complete, removed from margin; middle tibia striate, stria complete, nearly mar­ ginal. Metasternum evidently, nearly evenly rounded throughout; larger punctures rather small, moderate in density at center, much smaller laterally, not or Just 228 barely attaining side, larger punctures at center equal in size to those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with one long, very narrow fovea. Length - 2.6 to 3.4 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest near middle; styli straight and clubbed. Median lobe nearly parallel, with three medium sized processes Internally. Type material - The type is number 24703 in the Pall collec­ tion at MCZ. It was taken at Prescott, Arizona, the date of collection is given as 6 and 7# '94. There is very slight evidence of lateral elytral striae in this specimen. Distribution - A total of 18 specimens collected in June and July from the following localities have been seen: ARIZONA, Chiricahua Mts., Prescott, Huachuca Mt. Variation - The greatest variation observed was in the dorsal outline in profile, flro specimens are very faintly gibbous in profile and three or four others range to quite convex dorsally, most, however, agree closely with the figure. Discussion - No biological data are available for this species. It is apparently quite restricted in its range, it is known to occur only in Arizona. This species is nearest estrlatus (Horn) and conophilus (Fall). It can usually be distinguished on the basis of size. Estrlatus varies from 3.2 to 5.6 mm. in length and 229 this species is 2.6 to 3.4 mm* Also the pubescence of estrlatus is light yellowish grey in color, the pubescence of lentus is light yellow with an orange luster. Lentus and conophilus can be distinguished on the basis of the larger punctures of the metasternum, these are markedly reduced or are extremely minute in size laterally in lentus and do not attain the side. In conophilus they easily attain the side and are but slightly smaller there. Also the size range of conophilus is 3*0 to 3*5 ®m*

Tricorynus lucidus n . sp. Figures 46, 119 General - Dorsal surface black, shining, head and metaster­ num reddish black, abdomen dull reddish to reddish black; elytra parallel-sided; body 1.7 to 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence extremely short, exceedingly sparse, hairs of elytra separated by more than their lengths, greyish in color; rather stout, not at all gibbous in profile, broadly, nearly evenly rounded; large punctures of elytra small, distinct, not dense, those at side of pronotum larger, denser, quite dis­ tinct, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes very small, separated by 3.6 to 4.0 times their vertical diameter, distinctly flattened; head shallowly impressed adjacent to eyes; eighth antennal segment about 1.2 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 1.6 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus nearly 2.0 times as long as wide. 230 Dorsal surface - Pronotum quite evenly rounded at side. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae, upper shorter than lower. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove marginal, distinct at apical half, obliterated at base, posterior groove not marginal, strong, complete; middle tibia grooved, groove deep, complete, not quite marginal. Metasternum evidently rounded at center, dis­ tinctly bulging at side; larger punctures moderate in size at center, rather dense, «maller, sparser laterally, attain­ ing side, those at center as large and dense as larger punc­ tures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a single, elongate, narrow fovea. Length - 1.7 to 1.9 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes are broadest near base; styli stout, straight and clubbed. Median lobe broadest near base, with a single medium sized process internally. Type material - Holotype (male) Brownsville, Texas, May 25, 1932*, J* N. Khull, allotype with identical data (both in OSU). Two paratypes (in copula) above locality collected on May 8 , 1935 by J. N. Knull (in OSU). One paratype, Hidalgo Co., Texas, April 7, 1950, D. J. and J. N. Knull (in REW). Another with identical locality and collector data taken on March 22, i960 (in REW), one with above data taken on April 3» 1961 (in OSU). 231 The holotype is 1.7 mm. In length and agrees with the above description quite closely. Diagnosis - This species is very closely related to dlspar (Pall) but can be separated on the absence of small punctures and minute reticulation on the dorsal surfaces (both present in dispar). Also the eyes of this species are much smaller than those of dlspar. In this species they are separated by 3*6 to 4.0 times their vertical diameter versus 2.5 to 2.9 in dlspar. Variation - The seven individuals are in remarkably close agreement in regards to their external anatomy. Variation beyond that discussed in the description is negligible. Discussion - This species and dispar are two of the smallest members of the genus in North America. Lucidus, dlspar. polltus (Pall) and castaneus (Ham.) are the only North American members of the genus in which the elytra hairs are separated by more than their lengths. The specific name (meaning shining) refers to the dorsal surface•

Trlcorynus luteotectus (Pall) n. comb. Figures 47, 125 Hemiptychus luteotectus Pall, 1901, p. 253. Catorama luteotectum (Pall), Pall, 1905* p. 251; Pic, 1912b, p. 69; Leng, 1920, p. 243. 232 General - Ground color reddish brown to rather dark reddish brown, head and abdomen usually lighter, elytra usually vittate; elytra parallel-sided; body I .65 to 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence extremely dense, com­ pletely concealing surface sculpture, distinctly light yellow; elongate robust In profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra extremely small, moderate In density, those at side of pronotum distinctly smaller, a little denser, separated on an average by two to three times their diameter. Head - Eyes rather large, separated by 1.8 to 2.0 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment nearly two times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 3-3 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of labial palpus nearly two times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum quite distinctly, evenly rounded laterally. Elytra with two shallow lateral striae, rather Indistinctly to evidently impressed. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia usually blstrlate, anterior groove fine, marginal, hearly complete to present only at apical third, posterior groove fine, marginal, indistinct or absent at apical third to half; middle tibia with indistinct, marginal groove, present at basal third to over half. Metasternum nearly flat at center, somewhat rounded to a little bulging at side; large punctures at center small, moderate in density, smaller, sparser laterally, 233 easily attaining side, those at center a little larger, about as dense as those at side of pronotum; lacking distinct foveae. Length - 3.8 to 4.6 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes sinuate, widest near middle and Indented aplcally; styll narrow, straight and faintly clubbed. Median lobe is faintly broadest beyond middle with a single, rather large process Internally. Type material - The type bears the number 24705 and is in the Fall collection at MCZ. It was taken at Palm Springs, California. The ground color is reddish brown throughout, the eyes are separated by 1.89 times their vertical diameter and the length is 3*9 mm* Distribution - Only nine specimens of this very distinct species have been seen. They are all from California and were collected from the following localities: Palm Springs, Indian Wells, Riverside Co., Whitewater-Rlverside Co., "Coyote Wells?". Only the specimen from Whitewater bears a collection date. It was taken on July 9, 1950. Five of these specimens were taken at Palm Springs and are from the CAS collection. Variation - The tlblal and elytral striae are much more variable in this species than is usually the case. Ihey are adequately covered in the description. This variation makes it necessary to key this species at three separate points. 234 One specimen Is rather unusual in profile In that It distinctly tends toward a rotundate condition. It is normal In other respects. Fourteen Individuals, most from California, have been labeled "nr. luteotectus". Uiey seem related also to elutus, lanceolatus and productus n . sps. but are designated as above for convenience. None are as pubescent as luteotectus but all are elongate, not or just a little gibbous and have the large punctures quite small. Undoubtedly distinct species are represented but the external characters observed seem quite unreliable for separating these. Discussion - Only palllatus (Fall) exceeds this species in density of pubescence. Vestitus follows it in this respect. In these three species the pubescence must be removed before the surface sculpture can be seen. This is one of the few species which lacks distinct metasternal and meteplsternal foveae. Uniformls (Fall) and elutus n. sp. are similar In this respect. The eyes of the females are separated by two times their vertical diameter or very close to It. Those of the single specimen known to be a male are separated by 1.8 times their vertical diameter. It is possible that the eye size reliably separates the sexes. Ihe very large size and extremely dense pubescence plus the rather indistinct elytral striae will serve to distinguish this species from all others. Only larger specimens of vestitus (Pall) may be confused with it. They, of course, have crescent shaped punctures on the pronotum and quite distinct elytral striae.

Tricorynus mancus (Pall) n. comb. Figures 42, 120 Catorama mancum Pall, 1905* p. 252; Pic, 1912b, p. 69; Leng,

1920, p. 243; Moore, 1937, p. 8 0 . General - Varying from light reddish orange throughout to rather dusky reddish with apex of elytra, head and abdomen lighter, elytra sometimes feebly vittate, surfaces sometimes clouded with blackish; elytra parallel-sided or somewhat widest near middle; body 1.6 to 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, very light orange yellow or Just yellowish; rather elongate in profile, not at all gibbous large punctures of elytra quite small, distinct, moderate in density, those at side of pronotum much smaller, denser, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large to moderate, separated by 1.7 to 2.4 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.5 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 2.4 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.6 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum distinctly to quite strongly bulging above anterior angle. Elytra with a single lower, rather distinct, lateral groove, rather short, not strongly 236 impressed, upper one entirely absent or more often, weakly indicated, occasionally nearly as distinct as lower one. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, indistinct or absent at basal third to half, posterior groove fine, not quite marginal, com­ plete or nearly so; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum rather rounded at center, strongly bulging at side; large punctures quite small, rather sparse, present only near center, very broadly absent at side, these nearly to quite as large, much less dense than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, very narrow fovea. Length - 1.9 to 2.9 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes leg-shaped; styli straight and just faintly clubbed. Median lobe broadest beyond middle, with two medium sized and one small process inter­ nally. Type material - The type is in the Pall collection at MCZ and bears the number 24706. The data on the label follows; "Pom Mts., Cal. 5/11/95." ®iis locality is not given in Pall's original description, however, the deter­ mination label designates the specimens as type and is appar­ ently in Pall's handwriting. The specimen is dark reddish brown, the eyes are separated by 2.08 times their vertical diameter and the length is 2.35 mm. 237 Distribution - A total of 182 individuals belonging to this species have been seen. They were collected from March to December (most during the summer months) from the follow­ ing California localities: Los Angeles Co., Pasadena, Santa Barbara, Paraiso Spgs., Contra Costa Co.-Vine ffi.ll, Antioch, Sacramento, Davis, San Diego Co., Santa Paula, Contra Costa Co.-Pleasant Hill, San Diego Co.-Alpine, Vaxaville, Glen­ dale, North Hollywood-Dark Canyon, Bakersfield, Mint Canyon, Pom Mts., Mecca, Kaweah, Poway, Tanbark Plat-Los Angeles Co., Pomona, Mt. Wilson, Dixon, Riverside Co.-Cathedral City, Yolo Co.-Esparto, San Bernadino Co.-Mill Cr. Cn., Contra Costa Co.-Alhambra Val., S. Madre, Gilory H. Spgs., Orange Co., San Mateo Co.-Crystal Lake, Sonoma Co.-Sobre Vista, Clarksburg, Sonoma, Ojal, Sacramento Co.-Elk Grove, Alamedo Co.-Pleasenton, Sacramento Co.-Galt. Variation - Some of the very small specimens seem excess­ ively small, however, they are typical in other respects. The most variable character of this species is the dorsal profile. Typically it is nearly symmetrical. But in some specimens the elytral arch is either more extreme or more flattened than usual, giving the individual, in the first case, a quite symmetrical profile, and, in the second case, an elongate appearance. In a few the curvature is stronger than usual anteriorly producing a faintly gibbous profile. Another variable character is the elytral grooves, these have been covered in the description. 238

Twelve specimens from California, Arizona and Texas have been labeled "nr, mancus". The elytral grooves are as in this species but other (often poorly definable) characters conflict with it, Discu33lon - This is the most abundant of the California species and ranges fairly widely through the state. There are two biological notes on the specimens. One is simply "oak", the other "reared from oak galls”. The indistinct or absent upper elytral groove serves to separate this species from most others of the genus,

Tricorynus megalops n, sp. Figures 49, 121 General - Dorsal surface and metasternum more or less dark reddish brown, elytra obviously lighter at apical third, head and abdomen lighter, surfaces sometimes clouded with blackish; elytra parallel-sided or somewhat wider near middle; body 1.7 to 1,8 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, light grey with a yellowish tinge; elongate, not at all gibbous in profile; large punctures of elytra quite small, rather sparse, those at side of pro­ notum about same size, much denser, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes quite large to large, separated by 1.4 to 1.7 times their vertical diameter; distinctly bulging; eighth antennal segment nearly 1.5 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus nearly 3.0 times as long 239 as wide; last segment of labial palpus nearly two times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded at side. Elytra with two lateral striae, fine, distinct, upper shorter, sometimes finer than lower. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia with a single posterior groove, very strong, complete, distinctly removed from margin; middle tibia not sulcate. Metasternum nearly flat at center, obviously rounded at side; larger punctures small, distinct, moderate In density at center, faintly smaller laterally, easily attaining side, those at center equal In size, sparser than larger punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a small, rather oval fovea, other, smaller pits variable in development. Length - 2.5 to 2.9 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes rather curved inwardly and widest near middle; styli broad, curving and faintly clubbed. Median lobe essentially parallel to near apex, with five medium sized processes Internally. Type material - Holotype (male), Yuma, Arizona, May 4, 1918, J. C. Bradley (in CU). Pour paratypes with same data (3 in CU, 1 in HEW). One paratype from Sierra Ancha Mts., Arizona, September 8, 1934, D. K. Duncan (in CAS). This species is represented by five known specimens, all from Arizona. 240 The type Is 2.8 mm. in length, the dorsal surface Is distinctly reddish brown and It agrees well with fig. 49. Diagnosis - This species Is easily distinguishable from other species with a single tlblal stria In being not at all gibbous In profile and In having very large eyes. Variation - The smaller foveae of the metasternum prox­ imal to the moderate sized one vary In their size and number, there being two, sometimes three usually very small ones. The first may be confluent with the large one. In three of the five specimens the upper elytral stria Is Interrupted a time or two anteriorly as shown In fig. 49. A single specimen, discussed under example 4, probably represents a species close to but distinct from this one. Two more Individuals, probably also representing a distinct species, **^cussed under example 3. Discussion - A pecularity of the present species is the fact that the first complete abdominal suture is feebly blslnuate. This Is noticeable to a lesser extent with the second complete suture, but Is not strong enough In either to be considered a good taxonomic character. This bislnuatlon of abdominal sutures has been noticed In other species but Is strongest In this one. No biological data is available. There is no evidence of an anterior stria on the front tibia of any of these specimens. 241

The specific name refers to the very large eyes. They are nearly as large in this species as in any member of the genus.

Trloorynus moderatus n. sp. Figures 48, 122 General - Dorsal surface and metasternum dark reddish brown or dark brown to black, head and abdomen usually lighter; elytra parallel-sided; body rarely varying from 1.7 to 1.75 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, very light yellowish; body rather robust in profile, somewhat to rather gibbous; large punctures of elytra rather small, moderate in density, those at side of pronotum equal in size, much denser, separated by an average of less than their diameter. Head - Eyes very large to rather large, separated by 1.3 to 1.9 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.6 times as long as wide; last segnent of maxillary palpus about 2.6 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus nearly two times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum rather to quite distinctly bulging directly above anterior angle. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia blstriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, incomplete at basal third to half, 242 posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum nearly flat at center, dis­ tinctly bulging laterally; rather shining at side; large punctures at center moderate In size and density, distinctly smaller, sparser laterally, broadly absent at side, those at center a little smaller, much sparser than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, rather narrow or oval fovea, a small, circular fovea present internally. Length - 2.1 to 3.0 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes somewhat leg-shaped; sty11 straight and clubbed. Median lobe broadest basally, with three medium sized and one small process internally. Type material - Holotype (male) Hidalgo Co., Texas, March 22, I960, D. J. and J. N. Knull. Allotype with same data, collected on March 26, 1954 (both In OSU). The 183 paratypes are from the following localities: TEXAS, Hidalgo Co., D. J. and J. N. Knull, dates from March 22 to June 27 and years 1950 to 1961 (91 in OSU, 15 In REW); Davis Mts., D. J. and J. N. Knull, dates fromJune 21 to July 6 (8 In OSU,

1 in REW); Brownsville, May 25, 1939, J. N. Knull (l in OSU); Uvalde, June 30, 1936, J. N. Knull (1 in OSU, 1 in REW) and June 4, 1954 (2 in OSU) and May 24, 1948 (2 in SOU); Gillespie Co., May 7, 1946, D. J. and J. N. Knull (2 in OSU) and June 6, 1954 (l in OSU); Starr Co., D. J. and J. N. Knull, .243 dates from March 27 to April 3 (12 in OSU, 1 in REW); Val Verde Co., D. J. and J. N. Knull, May 24, 1948 and June 14, 1949 (3 in OSU); Cameron Co., April 4, 1950, D. J. and J. N. Knull (2 in OSU); Jeff Davis Co., July 12, 1950, D. J. and J. N. Knull (2 in OSU); Round Mt., Wenzel collection (l in OSU); Brownsville, J. 0. Martin, dates from April 24 to June 5* (6 in CAS, 1 in REW); Lee Co., April, 1912 (1 in CAS); "Tex." (2 in CAS); Port Sam Houston- Bexar Co., June 8 , 1952, H. Adelson (2 in UGB); Luling (l in CU); Brownsville, June 19 (l in CU); Kingsville, C. T. Reed (l in CU); Harris Co., May 28, 1909* R. Oertel (1 in Prost collection at MCZ); Mission, September 30, 1951* A. B. Gurney (1 in MCZ); Brownsville, May 22, 1904, H. S. Barber (1 in MCZ); "Tex." (l in MCZ); "Tex." (l in UK); McAllen, July 26, 1928, R. H. Beamer (l in UK); San Juan, June 28, 1938, L. W. Hepner (l in UK); Pedor-Lee Co., May (l in CM); Catarina, July 7* 1948; P. Werner, W. Nutting (2 in UA); 2.5 mi. S. W. Porestburg, Montague Co., May 1, 1951* CNHM Exp. (l in CNHM); Sanderson* June 6 , 1956, H. & A.Bowden (2 in HC); 4 mi. W. Port Davis, July 15, 1956, H. &. A. Bowden (l in HC); Dimmit Co., January 21, 1933 (l in AMCT); Kerrville, April 13* 1959* Becker & Hbwden (1 in CNHM); Port Davis, May 31, 1959* Hbwden & Becker (1 in CNHM). The holotype is 2.8 mm. in length and the eyes are separated by 1.6 times their vertical diameter. It is quite typical in other respects. 244 Diagnosis - This species Is most closely related to vacuus (Pall) and confusus (Pall), for a statement of the differences see under vacuus. Variation - There is fairly wide variation in the form in profile. From figure 48 some specimens vary to rather more strongly gibbous and on the other extreme some are rather more broadly elongate, less gibbous. The bulging of the pronotum laterally is a reliable character but varies from rather noticeable to quite strong. In many individuals it is much stronger than any members of vacuus and confusus. The variation found in the size of the eyes in the males is rather unusual. In most males the eyes are about the size of those of the females (separated by 1.6 to 1.9 times their vertical diameter) but in Just a few they are decidedly larger (separated by as little as 1.3 times their vertical diameter). The genitalia of these specimens are normal. Discussion - A number of specimens from Hidalgo Co. were reared by J. N. Knull from a fungus (Polyporus sp.) in association with another anoblld beetle Eutylistus trlstrlatus (Lee.). The latter emerged in much greater numbers than did this species. An additional note on the specimens is as follows "beat­ ing dead leaves of Washlngtonla palms". The specific name is in reference to the moderately gibbous form in profile. 245

Tricorynus mutans (Pall) n. comb. Figures 50t 126 Catorama mutans Fall, 1905# P* 235; Pic, 1912b, p. 70; Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum rather light brown to dark brown, elytra somewhat lighter at apical third, head and abdomen rather light reddish brown; elytra not strictly parallel-sided, somewhat widest at or near middle; body 1.6 to 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, light yellowish grey; rather robust in profile, not to very faintly gibbous; large punctures of elytra moderate in size, rather dense, large punctures at side of p pronotum denser, slightly smaller than those of elytra, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate in size, separated by 2.0 to 2.3 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.6 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of maxillary palpus about 2.5 times as long as wide, last segment of labial palpus about 2.0 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum not bulging or inflated at side, nearly evenly rounded, curvature faintly to evidently greatest at level of hind angle. Elytra with no evidence of lateral stria. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior stria nearly complete but very fine basally, nearly or quite 246 marginal, posterior stria complete, not marginal; middle tibia not sulcate. Metasternum faintly or somewhat rounded at center, rather to somewhat rounded at side; large punc­ tures small to moderate In size, even throughout to somewhat smaller laterally, equal In size to distinctly smaller than those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an oval fovea, smother, smaller one present, Internally. Length - 2.3 to 3.7 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes rather narrow sty11 straight and somewhat clubbed. Median lobe broadest aplcally, with two large and one moderate sized process Internally. At least two categories are represented on the basis of male genitalia. The situation here is similar to that described for punctulatus. Type material - The type is labeled number 24708 and is in the Fall collection at MCZ. It was taken at Oracle, Arizona, on 6-7 by Hubbard and Schwarz. The profile is somewhat convex and the large punctures of the pronotum are slightly smaller than usual. Distribution - Most of the 114 specimens seen have been taken from June to August and are recorded from the following localities: TEXAS, Round Mt., Big Bend Nat. Pk., Hudspeth Co.; NEW MEXICO, Silver City, Magdalena, Jamez Mts., Hidalgo Co., Socorro Co; ARIZONA, Tucson, Cutter, Cochise Co., Nogales, Globe, Santa Rita Mts., Bernalillo Co., Sabino Can., Huachuca Mts., Pinallno Mts., Marinette, Ajo, Pima Co., 247 Graham Mts., Patagonia, Chiricahua Mts., Sta Cruz Village, Gila Co., Baboqulvorl Mts., Florence. One specimen is labeled ’’Riverside Cal."; this record should be confirmed before the range is extended to include it. Fall (1905, p. 235) also records this species from Oracle and Ft. Grant, Arizona, and Brownsville, San Diego and Hockley, Texas. Variation - Some groups of specimens in the regular series with identical locality and date of collection are uniformly small for this species. A total of 7 specimens from Tucson, Arizona, mounted on two pins range from 2.3 to 2.8 mm. in length. They are normal in all other respects. The larger punctures on the head, pronotum and metaster­ num of some specimens in the regular series varies to a considerable degree. The great majority are, however, separable from punctulatus (Lee.) on this basis. A total of 26 specimens are not definitely assignable to this category and are labeled "nr. mutans". Twelve of these from Texas and Arizona are nearly intermediate between punc­ tulatus and mutans in regards to the coarse punctures of the head. Four of these 26 specimens from Arizona are all about 2.5 mm. in length and are decidedly more elongate and have larger eyes than is normal for mutans. These may represent a separate population but the differences are not judged sufficient to erect a new species. The genitalia have not been examined. Eight additional specimens exhibit rather marked, haphazard variation from mutans. 248

Discussion - The only biological notes from the speci­ mens are as follows: "sycamore, oak, mesquite", "rich desert". Although punctulatus and mutans are connected by speci­ mens from Texas and Arizona exhibiting intermediate condi­ tions and all variations between regarding the larger punc­ tures of the head and pr*notum, I prefer to let the species stand as they are. No changes should be made until the genitalia of a long series are examined to shed additional light on this problem and possibly establish the true relation ship of these apparently intermediate forms.

Tricorynus nigripennis (Fall) n. comb. Figures 45, 124 Catorama nigripenne Fall, 1905, p. 240; Fall and Cockerell, 1907, p. 185; Pic, 1912b, p. 70; Leng, 1920, p. 243. Catorama longulum Fall, 1905, p. 244; Fall and Cockerell, 1907, P. 185; Pic, 1912b, p. 69; Leng, 1920, p. 243. New synonymy. General - Color varying from black throughout with abdo­ men dull reddish black to, frequently, elytra black or dull reddish black and remainder dull reddish black or dull reddish and even entire body dull reddish; elytra parallel­ sided or faintly widest at middle; body elongate, 1.7 to 1.9 times as long as wide; very elongate in profile, not at all gibbous; pubescence rather sparse, light greyish; large punctures of elytra small, moderate in density, usually quite 249 distinct, those at side of pronotum equal In size, distinct­ ness, to slightly larger, as distinct, separated on an average by their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate to small, separated by 2.3 to 2.7 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segnent 1.3 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus a little over 2.0 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 2.0 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded at side or somewhat flattened. Elytra with two sharply Impressed lateral striae; surface sometimes very feebly alutaceous. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove marginal, fine, Indistinct at basal third to half, posterior groove strong, nearly marginal, complete; middle tibia grooved along posterior margin. Metasternum obviously rounded at center, distinctly bulging at side; larger punc­ tures small, moderately dense at center, smaller, sparser laterally, barely to easily attaining side, larger punctures at center smaller, more distinct, as dense as those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a single elongate, very narrow fovea. Length - 1.6 to 2.5 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes nearly parallel but evidently broadest below middle; styli nearly straight and 250 faintly clubbed. Median lobe broadest below middle, with two medium sized objects Internally. Type material - The type is In the Pall collection at MCZ and is type number 21095. It was taken at Demlng, New Mexico on 22-7 by Hubbard and Schwarz, Hie eyes are separated by 2.66 times their vertical diameter and the length is 1.9 mm. Distribution - In all 23 individuals have been seen, these were collected from July to August from the following localities: ARIZONA, Santa Cruz Co., Chlrlcahua Mts., Oak Creek Canyon, Patagonia Mts., Palmerlee, Ruby, Tumacacorl Mts.; NEW MEXICO, Grant Co.; TEXAS, Davis Mts. One collection (OSU) has contributed 18 of these Individuals. Pall and Cockerell (1907, p. 185) record this Bpecies from Demlng, New Mexico. Variation - Excluding color and size (both covered in the description) the most variable character Is the development of the larger punctures of the metasternum and dorsal surface. The larger punctures of the metasteraum sometimes are Just evident at the side but are usually quite distinct there. The variability of the distinctness of the large punctures of the dorsal surface is, fortunately, within narrow limits. These are always evident. Discussion - The body surfaces of this beetle are some­ times very feebly alutaceous, this, however, is very easily overlooked. 251 Tricorynus nigritulus (LeConte) ni comb.

Figures 52, 123 Hemiptychus nlgritulus LeConte, 185, p, 240; LeConte, 1866, p. 57; Gemminger and Harold, 1869, p, 1784; Crotch,

1873, p. 81; LeConte, 1878, p. 455; Henshaw, 1885, p, 84; Hamilton, 1893, P« 308; Hemilton, 1895, p. 336; Ulke, 1902, p. 23. Catorama nlgritulum (LeConte), Fall, 1905, p. 241; Dury, 1906, p, 459; Smith, 1910, p, 307; Blatchley, 1910, p. 880; Pic, 1912b, p, 70; Weiss, 1919, P. 255; Leng, 1920, p. 243; Boving, 1927, p. 59; Hoffman, 1940, p. 5 8; Loding, 1945, p. 96; Boving, 1954, p. 133, White, I960, p. 238; White, 1962, p. 25. General - Entire body black with slight evidence of reddish to (usually) elytra black, pronotum dark reddish black, head and under surface reddish black, to body com­ pletely dull reddish and even completely dull orange; elytra parallel-sided; body 1.7 to 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence rather sparse, very light yellowish, rather stout in profile, not at all gibbous; larger punctures of elytra quite small, moderate in density, those at side of pronotum equal in size to distinctly larger, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate in size, separated by 2.4 to over 2.6 times their vertical diameter, somewhat flattened; eighth 252 segment about 1.4 times as long as wide; last segnent of maxillary palpus about 1.8 times as long as wide, last seg­ ment of labial palpus almost as wide as long. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded at sides. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove distinct, marginal, Incomplete or absent at basal third, posterior groove strong, complete, not marginal; middle tibia grooved, groove strong, nearly marginal, com­ plete. Metasternum strongly, nearly evenly rounded through­ out; larger punctures small to moderate in size at center, moderate in density, not or slightly smaller, sparser later-' ally, easily attaining side, those at center equal In size, to smaller, always sparser than large punctures at sides of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, narrow fovea, usually one sometimes two small fovea present, inter­ nally. Length - 1.6 to 2.2 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest above middle; sty11 short, stout and not clubbed. Median lobe essentially parallel, with two medium sized and one small process inter­ nally. Type material - The type was taken in Pennsylvania and is in the LeConte collection at MCZ. It bears the number 3643. Distribution - A total of 59 individuals taken from April 253 to September have been confirmed as belonging to this species. They are from the following localities: NEW YORK, "N. Y. City and vcty."; MASSACHUSETTS, Hblliston; NEW JERSEY, Montclair, Mlllburn; PENNSYLVANIA, Castle Rock, Allegheny Co., Frankford; OHIO, Tuscarawas Co., Franklin Co.; WEST VIRGINIA, Ripley; ONTARIO, Pelee Isl.; INDIANA, Vermill­ ion Co., Knox Co., Lawrence Co.; ILLINOIS, Pike Co., St. Clair Co.; NORTH CAROLINA, Raleigh; MISSOURI, "Mb."; IOWA, Burlington, Jackson Co.; OKLAHOMA, Eagletown. In addition to the above localities Boving, (1954, p. 133) records this species from University Park and Ridgely, Maryland, and also Washington, D. C.. Fall (1905, p. 24l) also records it from Virginia, Michigan, Tennessee, Mississippi and Texas. Variation - Color is the most variable character and it is well covered in the description. A total of 10 individuals from various localities of the 59 are dull reddish or dull orange. I doubt that these are tenerals. The large punc­ tures of the side of the pronotum vary in size more than in most species. The surface is never alutaceous as with obscurus n. sp. Fifteen specimens from scattered localities have been labeled "nr. nlgrltulus". Most of these have much finer, denser punctures at the side of the pronotum and some also have much larger eyes than found in nlgrltulus. 254 A single Individual, quite distinct from nlgrltulus. Is discussed under example 7 * Discussion - A single biological note from the material states "reared from elm". Boving (1954, p. 133) records the following biological notes from larvae of this species: ex dead wood; In wood of Ulmus amerlcana L.; ex dead Wisteria; In dead elm branch. Hamilton, 1893, p. 308, records nlgrltulus as taken from vacclneae and other low bushes. Hoffman, 1940, p. 58, records larvae of nlgrltulus (determination by W. S. Plsher) from the outer wood of a debarked elm stump about a year old. The adults emerged during May and June. Weiss (1919, p. 255) records nlgrltulus as feeding on the fungus Fomes applanatus in the larval stage. Considering the preponderance of records reporting this species from dead wood I believe it likely that the latter record is in error. It Is possible that the beetle was actually a member of Dorcatoma or Eutylistus, as these could easily be confused with nlgrltulus and both genera are known to feed on fungi in the larval stage. This species is most closely related to rotundus. It is smaller, 1.6 to 2.2 mm. in length versus 2.2 to 2.7 mm., less rotundate and the large punctures of the side of the pronotum are quite evident throughout versus barely visible posteriorly in rotundus. Also the eyes of this species are separated by 2.4 to 2.6 times their vertical diameter, in rotundus they are separated by 3.0 to 3*9 times their vertical diameter. 255 Tricorynus nubllus (Pall) n. comb. Figures 53/ 127 Catorama nubllum Pall, 1905, P* 243; Pic, 1912b, p. 70; Leng, 1920, p. 243; Moore, 1937, p. 80. Catorama schuhl Hatch, 1961, p. 326. New synonymy. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum reddish brown to very dark reddish brown, nearly black, pronotum sometimes clouded with blackish, elytra evidently vittate except in darker specimens, elytra at apical half often lighter along lateral margin and suture, head and abdomen somewhat lighter than remainder; elytra parallel-sided or somewhat broadest at middle; body varying slightly from 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, light yellowish; elongate in profile, not or just somewhat gibbous; large punctures of elytra very small, moderately dense, those at side of pronotum smaller, denser, quite indistinct, separated on an average by about 2 times their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large to moderate, separated by 1.8 to 2.5 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about two times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus over three times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 2.0 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum not bulging or inflated at side, nearly flat front to back, posterior margin broadly turned inward. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. 256 Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal or nearly so, usually indistinct at basal fourth to third, posterior groove strong, not quite marginal, complete or nearly so; middle tibia with a strictly marginal groove fine, complete or nearly so. Metasternum evidently rounded at center, somewhat bulging to nearly inflated at side; larger punctures quite small, rather dense at center, slightly smaller, sparser laterally, easily attaining side, those at center large?, more distinct, as dense as large punctures at side of pronotum; foveae not or barely evident at side. Length - 2.3 to 3.7 ram.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes rather sinuate, broadest at apex; styli long, faintly curving and clubbed. Median lobe broadest aplcally, rather narrowed to base, four small processes present internally. The figure is drawn from the genitalia of a specimen which was compared with the holotype and found to agree quite closely with it. Genitalia have been seen which do not agree with this. The differences are sufficient to indicate a different species but these specimens are not separable on external characters from those with genitalia agreeing with the figure. Type material - TBie type is in the Pall collection at MC2 and bears number 24709. It was collected at Pom Mts., California on May 11, 1895. The elytra are very indistinctly vlttate, the eyes are separated by 1.8 times their vertical 257 diameter and It is 2.6 mm. In length. Distribution - A total of 142 specimens have been seen. ftiey were collected from March to October from the following localities: CALIFORNIA, Alpine, Glendale, Los Angeles Co., Vacaville, Pasadlna, San Diego, Contra Costa Co., Los Angeles, Poway, Kernvllle, Davis, Sequoia Nat. Park, Red Bluff, Tanbark Flat-L. Ang. Co., Santa Paula, Esparto-Yolo Co., Winters-Yolo Co., Woodland-Yolo Co., College City- Colusa Co., Richardson Springs, Rio Vista, Santa Cruz Co., Westwood Hllls-Los Angeles Co., Santa Catalina, Burbank, Anderson-Shasta Co., Knights landing-Yolo Co., Glendora-Los Angeles Co., Fresno-Fresno Co., Saugus, Saboba Springs- Riverside Co., Elsinore; NEVADA, Reno; OREGON, Medford, Klamath Falls; WASHINGTON, 8 Ml. S. Ellensburg-Kittltas Co.; CANADA, "Can.". Variation - The greatest variation is in size (2,3 to 3.7 mm.) and is more excessive than In most species. Besides the variation in body color covered In the description the elytral vlttae range from fairly distinct to absent in darker specimens. The metasternal and meteplsternal pits at best are evident and very slit-like to completely absent. The male genitalia (previously discussed) Indicate more than one species may be involved In the material but I am quite unable to find reliable external characters to define a new grouping. Seven specimens from California and New Mexico have been 258 labeled "nr. nubllua". Most differ In having the large punc­ tures of the pronotum completely absent or much stronger than usual. Discussion - One specimen bears the notation "reared from Encella". This species Is very closely related to unlformls (Fall). The differences are of such a minor nature that the two might be considered as subspecies of one species. Unfor­ tunately no male specimens of unlformls have been seen so It Is not known If these organs would substantiate such a grouping. No changes should be made until the situation within nubllua Is known (whether the genitalia are variable or there are two or more species In the category Indistin­ guishable externally) and the genitalia of unlformls are seen. The only consistent differences are that the large and small punctures of the dorsal surface are more distinct In unlformls than nubllus. Also the eyes of unlformls are larger, they are separated by 1.6 to 1.9 times their ver­ tical diameter, in nubllus they are separated by 1.8 to 2.4 times their vertical diameter. I have seen the type of C. schuhl Hatch and found it to be Indistinguishable from this species.

Tricorynus obliteratus n. sp. Figures 51, 132 General - Entirely light reddish brown to rather dark 259 brown with elytra lighter at apical third and head and abdo­ men lighter, elytra sometimes very feebly vittate; elytra slightly widest near middle; body varying just somewhat from 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate In density, very light greyish to faintly yellowish or orange-yellow; fairly robust in profile, not at all gibbous; large punc­ tures of elytra rather small, sparse, Indistinctly to obscurely arranged In rows, those at side of pronotum much smaller, denser, separated on an average by less than their diameter. Head - Eyes rather large to moderate In size, separated by 1.5 to 2.1 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally to rather strongly bulging; eighth antennal segment 1.5 to 1.6 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary 3.0 to 3.6 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus 1.5 to 2.0 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum rather distinctly to somewhat bulging Immediately above anterior angle. Elytra with a single, fairly distinct lower lateral groove, upper one entirely absent to very feebly Indicated. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, much finer or absent at basal third to half, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete or nearly so; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum rather rounded at center, quite distinctly rounded at side; large punctures at center quite small, not dense, much smaller, 260 sparser laterally, not attaining side, those at center smaller, less dense than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, narrow fovea, a small, circular fovea present Internally.

Length - 1.9 to 3 . 2 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes narrow, widest near base; styll curving and clubbed. Median lobe essentially parallel, with one medium sized and two small spines internally. There is some variation In the size of the large spine of the median lobe. The illustration (figure 132) is from the holotype and other California specimens agree well with this. ®ie Arizona specimens have this spine one-and-one-half to nearly two times larger than shown. One specimen placed here (normal in other respects) has this spine two times normal size, hooked at the tip and lacks the small spines. Type material - Forty-two individuals have been seen. Holotype (male), Cathedral City, Riverside Co., California, August 11, 1930, L. W. Isaak. Allotype with same data except it was taken on August 10, 1950. The 40 paratypes bear the following data: Graham Mts., Noon Creek, Arizona, August 1, 1957, 0. D. Butler (l in UA); Safford, Arizona,

June 23, 1954, F. G. Werner (l in UA); Geronimo, Arizona, August 6, 1948, Werner, Nutting (1 in UA); Sabino Canyon, Cataline Mts., Pima Co., Arizona, July 25, 1955, CL D. Butler and F. G. Werner (1 in UA, 1 in REW), Browns Canyon, Baboquivari Mts., Arizona, August 18, 1955# CL D. Butler and P. Q. Werner (1 in REW); Browns Canyon, Baboquivari Mt., Arizona, July 18, 1949# F. Werner, W. Nutting (l in UA); Westmorland, Imperial Co., California, June 5# 1938, A. T. MeGlay (2 in UCD, 1 in REW); Cathedral City, Riverside Co., California, August 18, 1950, L. W. Isaak (2 in UCD) and August 20, 1950 (l in UCD) and June 29, 1950 (2 in UCD) and August 6, 1950 (1 in UCD) and August 30, 1950 (l in REW) and September 4, 1950 (1 in UCD) and August 10, 1950 (1 in UCD); Westmoreland, California, June 8, 1938, A. T. McClay (l in REW); Thatcher, Arizona, June 19, 1950, E. J. Taylor (3 in UCD, 1 in REW) and June 24, 1950, (l in REW); Robles Ranch, Pima Co., Arizona, August 12, 1947. L. R. Gillogly (2 in UCD); Yuma, Arizona, A. Penyes collec­ tion (1 in CAS); Tucson, Arizona, August 8, 1936, Bryant (1 in 'AS); Huachuca Mts., Cochise Co., Floor of Carr Canyon, Arizona, August 8 and 9# 1952, H. B. Leech, J. W. Green (1 in CAS); Port Yuma, California, June 4, 1948 (1 in UCB); Globe, Arizona, April, D. K. Duncan (l in CU); Tucson, Arizona, August 13, 1936, J. N. Khull (l in OSU); Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, August 12, 1952, D. J. and J. N. Knull (1 in OSU) and July 20, 1953 (l in OSU) and July 25, 196l (l in REW); Blythe, Riverside Co., California, August 23, 1946, W. P. Barr (l in Ul): Kits Peak Rincon, Baboquivari Mts., Arizona, August 1 to 4, 1916 (1 in AMNH): Lowell Ranger 262 Station, Pima Co., Arizona, July 6 to 20, 1916 (l in AMNH). Die type is rather dark brown with the elytra a little lighter apically and measures 2.5 mm. in length. It agrees quite well with figure 51 even in possessing very indistinct traces of the upper elytra groove. The large punctures of the metasternum more nearly approach the side than usual but still do not attain it. Diagnosis - The single elytral groove and non-sulcate middle tibia separates this species from all others except mancus. Prom this species it differs in the noticeable tend­ ency of the large elytral punctures to form rows. Those of mancus are quite confused. Variation - The most variable character of this species is the dorsal outline in profile. Taking figure 51 as typical, some specimens show a tendency toward gibbosity in having the peak of the outline more anterior. In others the peak of the outline is more posterior thus giving a rather broadly rotund shape. In other cases some of the large specimens have the dorsal outline much flatter and the beetle is decidedly more elongate than in the illustration. Most often the large punctures of the elytra show a distinct tendency toward arrangement in rows and some of these are made up of a rather well defined double row of punctures much in the manner of herbarius (dor.). On the other extreme adjacent rows are often obscured by confused punctures. None of the specimens exhibit as distinct rows as herbarius. 263 The size range of this species seems excessively great. However, the genitalia of specimens representing the extremes are in agreement and I am unable to locate morpho­ logical differences other than size. Five individuals (from California, Nevada and Colorado) have been labeled "nr. obliteratus.11 They possess two dis­ tinct lateral striae but sire quite similar to this species in other respects. They agree fairly closely with each other in all characters, however, the genitalia indicate that at least two species distinct from any described cate­ gories are present. Considering the marked similarities there is not sufficient material to allow reliable descrip­ tions to be drawn. Three of these individuals are recorded from juniper berries. Discussion - The eyes of the males are separated by 1.3 to 1.7 times their vertical diameter and those of the females are separated by 1.9 to 2.1 times their vertical diameter. One specimen from California bears the notation "reared- seed-Parkinsonia"• The specific name refers to the upper elytral groove which is entirely absent to very feebly indicated.

Trlcorynus obscurus n. sp. Figures 55* 128 General - Elytra usually black, sometimes reddish black or even light reddish brown, pronotum usually reddish black, 264 sometimes dull reddish, surfaces sometimes clouded with black­ ish, head and undersurface dull reddish black to dull reddish; elytra parall-sided to somewhat broadest near middle; body nearly consistently 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence sparse, light greyish; rather elongate in profile, not gibbous; large punctures of elytra Just evident to nearly obsolete, very small, moderate in density, those at side of pronotum a little smaller, denser, separated on an average by 1.5 times their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate in size, separated by 2.3 to 2.5 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment nearly as wide as long; last segment of maxillary palpus a little over two times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.3 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded at side; surface very minutely alutaceous. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae, dorsal one often incomplete posteriorly. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove marginal, distinct, complete to less distinct at basal third, posterior groove quite deep, not marginal, complete; middle tibia grooved along posterior margin, groove deep, complete. Metasternum evidently rounded at center, more or less distinctly bulging at side; larger punctures rather small, dense at center, not or but slightly smaller, sparser laterally, easily attaining side; anteriorly at each side with a single, rather elongate fovea. 265 Length - 1.9 to 2.2 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes rather Incurving and faintly widest near middle; styli straight and clubbed. Median lobe widest beyond middle, with two large (one three-spined) and one small process internally. Type material - Holotype (male) Adams County, Ohio, June, 1944, C. R. Neiswander (in OSU). One paratype (female) with same data (in the REW). One paratype, Marion Co., Indiana, April 6 , 1908, W. S. B. (in PU). One paratype, Olcott, New York, July 19, 1925, H. Dietrich

(in CU). lIVo paratypes, "Ms.", (both in MCZ). Two para- types, "Tyngs. Mass." (1: MCZ, 1 in REW). One paratype, Pittsfield, Pike Co., Illinois, July 7 , 1946, B. Cadwell (in UCD). !Hie type is 2.0 mm. in length. The elytra are reddish black, slightly lighter apically, and the pronotum is dull reddish, clouded with blackish. The larger punctures of the dorsal surface are typical but the smaller ones are a little more distinct and denser than usual. Diagnosis - Most closely related to dlchrous (Pall). It can be separated on the basis of the punctures of the dorsal surface. Dlchrous possesses only small, quite distinct punctures, there being no evidence of larger ones. This species has both large and small punctures, the larger ones being often rather indistinct but always evident. Also the eyes of dlchrous are larger, they are separated by 1.6 to 266 to 2.3 times their vertical diameter. The eyes of this species are separated by 2.3 to 2.5 times their vertical diameter. In addition the dorsal outline of obsourus is a little more rounded than that of dlchrous. This species is also similar to nlgrltulus (Lee.), it differs in that the side of the pronotum is nearly lusterless, this area of nlgrltulus is distinctly shining. Also the larger punctures at the side of the pronotum are shallow, not distinct in this species, and quite distinct, deeper in nlgrltulus. Variation - The variation in color has already been dis­ cussed in the description. In addition to this the small punctures of the elytra vary in distinctness and density. In some specimens they are rather indistinct and moderate in density. In others they are quite distinct and moderately dense. TWo individuals which appear distinct from this species but very close to it are discussed under example 6. Discussion - No biological data is available for this species. The specific name refers to the punctures of the dorsal surface. These are much less distinct than is usually the case. The eyes of the males average larger than those of the females, however, the range appears to overlap. 267 Tricorynus obsoletus (LeConte) n. comb. Figures 56, 133 Hemlptychus obsoletus LeConte, 1865, p* 240; LeConte, 1866, p. 57; Gemmlnger and Harold, 1869, p. 1784; Crotch, 1973, p. 81; Austin, 1880, p. 32; Henshaw, 1885, p, 84; Horn, 1895, P. 332; Henshaw, 1895, p. 21; Fall, 1897, p. 238; Cockerell, 1898, p. 156, Catorama obsoletum (LeConte), Fall, 1905, p* 255; Fall and Cockerell, 1907, P* 185; Pic, 1912b, p. 69; Leng, 1920, p. 243; Blackwelder, 1945, P« 405. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum dark, dull reddish, faintly clouded with blackish to nearly black with reddish evident, head and abdomen usually lighter; elytra somewhat widest near middle; body 1.55 go 1.65 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, very light yellow­ ish; stout, nearly evenly convex in profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra small, moderate in density, those at side of pronotum about equal in size, denser, separated on gin average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes rather small, separated by 2.5 to nearly 2.8 times their ..vertical diameter, bulging normally to slightly flattened; eighth antennal segment about 1.8 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 2.3 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.5 times as long as wide. 268 Dorsal surface - Pronotum quite evidently bulging before posterior margin. Elytra with two fine lateral striae, upper usually weaker than lower, sometimes interrupted. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, neither quite attaining apex, anterior groove rather fine, not quite marginal, much finer or nearly absent at basal third, posterior groove strong, not marginal, nearly complete; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum shorter than usual, rather rounded at center, distinctly rounded at side; large punctures at center moderate in size, rather dense, rather abruptly smaller, sparser laterally, somewhat broadly absent at side, those at center about equal in size, a little less dense than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, oval fovea, an inner, smaller, nearly circular fovea present internally. Length - 2.1 to 3*0 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes somewhat leg-shaped and broadest near base; sty11 straight and clubbed. Median lobe broadest basally, with two medium sized and two small pro­ cesses internally (one two-splned). The male genitalia of this species and exlguus (Fall) are quite similar and the differences in internal spines of the median lobe may be due to differences in attitude of the spines. Other characters lead me to believe that these are different species. 269 Type material - The holotype Is number 3642 in the LeConte collection at HCZ. Hie only collection data It bears Is "Cala." The dorsal surface Is reddish black, the eyes are separated by 2.77 times their vertical diameter and the length is 2.1 mm. Distribution - Only nine individuals belonging to this species have been seen. They were collected from February to July and are from the following California localities: Sequoia National Park-Ash Mountain, Los Angeles Co., Santa Barbara, Los Angeles Co.-Playa del Hay, Hermosa, Pt. Reyes. Five of the 8 specimens sent on loan are from the UCD collec­ tion. Cockerell, 1898, p. 156, recorded this species from New Mexico. Fall and Cockerell, 1907* p. 185* state that the determination was in error. Variation - The significant variation is covered in the description. A total of about 120 specimens have been labeled "nr. obsoletus", nearly all of these from California. T h e s e exhibit a wide range of usually less than sharply distinct differences from what I have here interpreted as obsoletus. Most of these possess one or a combination of the following characters: upper elytral groove extremely weak to obsolete; more elongate in profile; color lighter; nearly black in color; eyes larger; larger or smaller in body size; pronotum not bulging, often nearly evenly rounded. The most common 270 difference is in a more elongate profile. The smaller ones of these probably are raoce nearly related to exlguus but they are placed here for convenience. At least three con­ sistent series are represented in this material but the external differences they exhibit from exiguus and obsoletus are so minute that it would be quite difficult to impossible to separate them from these two spefties. The genitalia of these have not been seen. Discussion - No external sex characters are known for this species. Obsoletus is quite closely related to exiguus. For a discussion of the differences see under that species.

Tricorynus palliatus (Fall) n. comb. Figures 58, 129 Hemiptychus palliatus Fall, 1901, p. 253* Catorama palliatum (Fall), Fall, 1905, p* 242; Pic, 1912b, p. 69; Deng 1920, p. 243. General - Ground color of entire body dull reddish to nearly orange; elytra somewhat broadest in front of middle; body 1.4 to 1.5 times as long as wide; pubescence rather coarse, extremely dense, completely concealing surface sculpture, rather faintly yellowish white; rather strongly, very stoutly gibbous in profile; large punctures often indistinct, those of elytra extremely small, rather sparse, those at side of pronotum smaller, denser, nearly obsolete 271 in some, separated on an average by 3 to 4 times their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate In size, separated by 2.2 to 2.6 times their vertical diameter; less bulging than normal; eighth segment of antennae about two times longer than wide; last segment of maxillary palpus nearly five times longer than wide, last segment of labial palpus nearly two times longer than wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded laterally, sometimes slightly flattened at side. Elytra with two lat­ eral striae beneath pubescence. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia often very finely bl- strlate, grooves sometimes obscure or obsolete, when present they are marginal, and at best, nearly complete; middle tibia usually finely grooved along posterior margin, groove sometimes obscure. Metasternum quite short; nearly evenly rounded throughout; large punctures at center very small, not attaining side, those at center larger, about as dense as those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a single elongate fovea. Length - 1.8 to 2.5 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes rather sinuate and evidently broadest near middle; styll straight and clubbed. Median lobe widest beyond middle, sinuate at apex, with three moderate sized objects Internally. 272 Type material - The type Is located in the Fall collec­ tion at MCZ and bears the number 24711. It was taken at Yuma, Arizona on July 3* 1895• Distribution - A total of 59 specimens collected May to August (most In August) have been seen. The localities are as follows: CALIFORNIA, Needles, Hbltville, San Diego, Imperial Co., Coyote Wells, Riverside Co.; ARIZONA, Yuma, Albuquerque, Yuma Co.

Variation - T h e tiblal grooves, usually so constant a character, are highly variable In this species. They are usually fine and distinct but vary to obscure or nearly completely absent at the extreme. Due to this variability this species keys out in more than one place. Also the larger punctures of the dorsal surface, usually fairly dis­ tinct, are rather obscure and indistinct (especially on the pronotum) In some Individuals. This species Is the most densely pubescent member of our fauna. Only luteotectus (Fall) approaches It In density of the pubescence. Also the last segment of the maxillary palpus is proportionally longer than any other of our species. The extremely dense, whitish pubescence plus the very stoutly gibbous profile serve to distinguish this species from all others known to me.

Trlcorynus parvus (Fall) n . comb. Figures 59> 130 Catorama parvum Fall, 1905* p. 254; Pic, 1912b, p. 70; Leng 273 1920, p. 243; White, 1962, p. 27. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum light reddish brown, head and abdomen a little lighter; elytra parallel­ sided; body about 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, very light yellowish; elongate in pro­ file, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra rather small, moderate in density, quite indistinct, those at side of pronotum smaller, denser, also indistinct, separated on an average between one and two times their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate in size, separated by 2.3 to 2.4 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth anten- nal segment about 1.4 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 2.5 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of labial palpus about 1.6 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum rather evenly rounded to side, nearly flat from front to back at side. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, much finer near base, posterior groove strong, marginal, complete; middle tibia with fine, marginal, complete groove. Metasternum distinctly, nearly evenly rounded throughout; large punctures at center rather small, moderate in density, smaller, sparser laterally, nearly or quite attaining side, those at center about equal in size and density, more distinct than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a narrow, elongate 274 fovea, a very small circular fovea present internally. Length - 1.75 to 2.0 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes curved Inwardly and broadest near middle; styli stout, straight and clubbed. Median lobe broadest beyond the middle, with one large, one medium sized and one small spine internally. Type material - The type is from northern Illinois and is in the Fall collection at MCZ. It is designated as number 24712. The eyes are separated by 2.4 times their vertical diameter and the length is 1.7 mm* Distribution - Only three individuals of this species have been seen, one the type. A damaged male from Steuben Co., Indiana was taken by W. S. Blatchley on July 4, 1904 and another is from the Liebeck collection at MCZ and was taken in "111.". Variation - The large punctures of the metasternum of the type approach the size of the small punctures before the side, those of the other specimens rather easily attain the side. Other variation is covered in the description. Discussion - No reliable external sex characters are known. Fall (1905, p. 254) described this species as lacking the groove on the middle tibia. The specimen from Indiana and that from Illinois possess a distinct groove on the middle tibia; the middle tibiae of the type are missing. 275 This species is a member of the nigritulus group and is nearest obscurus n. sp. The two are fairly difficult to separate on a strictly morphological basis. Color is most reliable. This species is light reddish brown and obscurus is usually blackish. Also the pronotum at its side is flat in parvus and it is rounded in obscurus.

Trlcorynus pinguis (Fall) n. comb. Figures 57, 131 Catorama pinguis Fall, 1905, p. 250; Pic, 1912b, p. 70; Leng, 1920, p. 243; Tanner, 1934, p. 46. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum rather reddish brown to dark brown, head and abdomen lighter; elytra parallel sided to slightly narrowed from humeri; body 1.55 to a little over 1.6 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, very light grey to faintly yellowish; rather stout in profile, distinctly gibbous; large punctures of elytra moderate in size and density, those at side of pronotum equal to a little larger, always a little denser than those of elytra, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large to moderate, separated by 1.7 to 2.2 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.5 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of maxillary palpus nearly three times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.4 times as long as wide. 275 a Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded at side. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia blstriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, Indistinct at basal third to half, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum nearly flat at center, quite evidently rounded, somewhat shining at side; large punctures at center moderate In size and density, distinctly smaller, sparser laterally, broadly absent at side, those at center larger, less dense than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, narrow fovea, a small circular fovea sometimes present Internally. Length - 2.4 to 3.2 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest near middle; sty11 straight and somewhat clubbed. Median lobe parallel at its basal two-thirds then narrowed to apex, one large and two small spines present internally. The genitalia of this species do not appear consistent In regard to form of the median lobe and the internal spines of this part. Two of the four males examined agree closely with the figure. Type material - The type is in the Pall collection at MCZ. It bears number 24713 and was taken at Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona on June 11 by Hubbard and Schwarz. The dorsal surface Is reddish brown, the eyes are separated by 1.9 times their vertical diameter and the length is 2.75 mm. 276 Distribution - 101 specimens belonging to this species have been seen. They were collected from May to October from the following localities: ARIZONA., Chlrlcahua Mts., Huachuca Mts., Baboqulvarl Mts., Carrizo, Sabino,Canyon, Palmerlee, Ruby, Hualpal M., Huachuca Mts., Nogales, Prescott, 4 Ml. S.W. Forestdale-Navajo Co., Clenega, Canelo, Maricopa, Santa Rita Mts.; TEXAS, Davis Mts., Chlsos Mts., Big Bend Nat. Park, Jeff Davis Co.. All but ten of these individuals come from the OSD collec tion. Variation - There is considerable variation in the extent

% of stoutness and gibbosity in profile. Some specimens tend to be more evenly stout and thus less gibbous than usual. In some Texas examples the large punctures at the side of the pronotum are noticeably larger than usual. In other specimens from the same region they are normal. Seventy-three Individuals from Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and California are labeled "nr. pinguis". A number of these are very evenly or symmetrically stout in profile and not at all gibbous. A few others are somewhat elongate-robust and not gibbous but agree in other characters. In some the large punctures of the metasternum nearly or quite attain the side. In just a couple the upper elytral groove is quite faint or obliterated apically. Most of these variations dis­ cussed are nearly or quite connected by intergrades with the normal condition as found in pinguis. Whether most of these individuals represent extremes of a more variable pinguis 277 than here conceived or are members of separate, unrecognized populations I cannot say. The genitalia of these have not been seen. Discussion - No biological information is available for this species, Pinguis is most closely related to callfornlcus n, sp, and coactus n, sp. For a discussion of the differences see under these species,

Trlcorynus platyops n, sp. Figures 61, 135 General - Dorsal surface and metasternum dark reddish brown to very dark brown, head and abdomen dull reddish to reddish brown; elytra parallel-sided; body, averaging 1,6 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, very light yellowish; rather elongate in profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra rather small, moderate in density; those at side of pronotum a little smaller, denser, separated on an average by a little less than their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large, separated by 1,9 to 2,1 times their vertical diameter, distinctly flattened; eighth anten- nal segment Just slightly longer than wide; last segnent of maxillary palpus about two times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of labial palpus about 1,2 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum rather strongly, nearly evenly rounded at side. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae, 278 upper more broadly Impressed than lower. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove distinct, marginal, usually obsolete at basal third, posterior groove strong, complete, not quite marginal; middle tibia very finely grooved along posterior margin, often obliterated at apical half, indistinct, nearly absent in some. Metasternum evidently rounded at center, dis­ tinctly bulging at side; large punctures moderate in size and density at center, much smaller, sparser laterally, not attaining side, large punctures at center larger, less dense than those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a very elongate, quite narrow fovea, very small, circular foveae present internally. Length - 2.0 to 2.6 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest near middle; styli straight and rather clubbed. Median lobe broadest at base, with four medium sized processes internally, two basal ones spine-like and two apical ones hook-like. Type material - Described from 16 specimens all taken in Hidalgo Co., Texas, by D. J. and J. N. Knull. Holotype (male) April 11, 1961, allotype April 7* 1961 (both in OSU). Three paratypes collected on April 7, 1961 and seven paratypes collected on April 11, 1961 also in OSU. Pour paratypes collected on following dates in REW collection; April 7, 1950, March 26, 1957, April 11, 1961, and April 3, 1961. 279 The holotype is 2.1 mm. in length and quite typical for the species. The upper elytral stria is obviously more strongly impressed than the lower and is even a little longer than it. The stria of the middle tibia is very fine and even indistinct at the apical half. Diagnosis - The distinctly flattened eyes plus the broadly impressed upper groove of the elytra serve to dis­ tinguish this species. It is somewhat similar in its morphology to fastigiatus (Pall). Variation - The characters of this species appear highly constant. The most variable trait is the development of the posterior groove of the middle tibia. It is always finely, not strongly impressed and at best is quite evident and nearly complete, but in some is quite indistinct and only feebly indicated at the basal half. For this reason the species is keyed both ways from couplet 25 which refers to the groove of the middle tibia. Discussion - The tibial grooves are usually very constant in their development but this is one of the few species In which this Is not the case. The specific name (meaning flat eyes) refers to the most distinctive character of this species.

Tricorynus politus (Pall) n. comb. Figures 6^, 736

Catorama politurn Pall, 1905t p* 248; Pic, 1912b, p. 70; Leng, 1920, p. 243. 280 General - Body distinctly reddish, abdomen lighter; dorsal surface distinctly shining; elytra parallel-sided; body varying Just slightly from 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence extremely short and sparse, light yellowish; rather elongate In profile, faintly gibbous; large punctures of elytra small, moderate in density, those at side of prono­ tum about equal In size, denser, separated on an average by one to two times their diameter. Head - Eyes very large to rather large, separated by 1.2 to 1.9 times their vertical diameter, normally to strongly bulging; eighth antennal segment a little wider than long; last segment of maxillary palpus about two times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus nearly two times as long as wide, outer angle broadly, inwardly arching. Dorsal surface - Pronotum quite evenly rounded at side. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, indistinct to obsolete at basal half, posterior groove fine, not marginal, present at basal half to nearly complete; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum nearly flat throughout to somewhat rounded at side; large punctures at center small, not dense, smaller, sparser laterally, not or Just attaining side, those at center smaller, as dense as those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a very narrow, elongate fovea. 281 Length - 1.7 to 1.9 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest below middle; styll curving and rather clubbed. Median lobe broadest beyond middle, with one medium sized and three small spines Internally. Type material - The type has been assigned number 24715 In MCZ and is in the Pall collection. It was taken at Key West, Florida in April by Hubbard and Schwarz. The color of the dorsal surface is distinctly dark reddish, the eyes are separated by 1.75 times their vertical diameter and the length is 1.8 mm. Distribution - Only seven individuals of this species have been seen, all from Florida. Three of these are type specimens and are from Key West and Blscayne. The other individuals are from the same localities. Variation - Nothing of value can be added to that covered in the description. Discussion - No biological information is available for this species. Polltus is rather similar to castaneus (Ham.). It can be separated from it by the more elongate form in profile and the fact that the lateral elytral striae are not continued to the base by shallow grooves as in castaneus. Also this species occurs just in Florida and castaneus ranges from the eastern states to Texas. The proportional length of the metasternum to the second and third abdominal segnent 282 used by Pall (1905, p. 231-2) for separating these species is of some value though rather difficult to use, Tricorynus porosus (Pall) n, comb. Figures 63, 139 Catorama porosum Pall, 1905* P* 247; Pic, 1912b, p, 70; Blatchley, 1914, p. 91; Leng, 1920, p, 243; Loding, 1945* p. 96. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum rather light brown to dark brown, elytra usually lighter apically, head and abdomen usually lighter, often reddish; elytra parallel­ sided or just slightly widest near middle; body about 1,6 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, light yellowish with a faintly golden tinge; rather robust in pro­ file, not to just slightly gibbous; large punctures of elytra moderate in size, not dense, those at side of pronotum smaller, denser, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large, separated by 1.7 to 2.0 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.4 times longer than wide; last segment of maxillary palpus nearly two times longer than wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.4 times longer than wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum not bulging or inflated at side, most strongly rounded immediately above anterior angle; lateral raised margin fine, evident. Elytra with two dis­ tinct lateral striae, upper one more strongly impressed than lower. 283 Ventral surface - Anterior tibia blstriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, less distinct at about basal third, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete or nearly so; groove of middle tibia fine, not quite marginal, com­ plete or nearly so. Metasternum evidently rounded at center, distinctly bulging at side; large punctures at center moderate in size, rather dense, somewhat smaller, sparser laterally, easily attaining side, those at center larger, a little less dense than large punctures at side of pro­ notum ; anteriorly at each side with a narrow, elongate fovea. Length - 2.2 to 3.0 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes widest above middle; sty11 stout, curving and clubbed. Median lobe nearly para­ llel at basal two-thirds, with four more or less moderate sized objects internally. Type material - The holotype is in the Pall collection at MCZ and has been given the number 24716. It was collected at Crescent City, Florida by Hubbard and Schwarz. The eyes are separated by 2.0 times their vertical diameter and the length is 2.3 mm. Distribution - A total of 27 individuals have been seen. TSiey were collected from Pebruary to May from the following localities; NORTH CAROLINA, Southern Pines; GEORGIA, Spring Creek; FLORIDA, Dunedin, Destin, Tarpon Springs, Welaka, 8 ML. S. E. of Interaichen, W. Titusville, Lakeland, Eustis, MISSISSIPPI, Leakesvllle. 284 Variation - In most specimens there Is a quite notice­ ably, rather golden sheen to the pubescence. In some this Is barely evident. Tie small punctures of the pronotum are in most cases quite indistinct but in just a few they approach the distinctness found In gravis (Lee.}. A total of 8 specimens from Georgia, Florida, Virginia, New Jersey and Louisiana have been labeled "nr. porosus”. Most differ from this species In the shape of the pronotum laterally and the size and distinctness of the punctures there. There is little agreement between them and no good series are represented. The male genitalia of one of the specimen Is quite different from that of porosus. Discussion - The eyes of the two specimens known to be males are separated by 1.7 and 1.8 times their vertical diameter. Tiose of the single specimen known to be a female are separated by 2.0 times their vertical diameter. It Is possible that sexes can be distinguished on this basis. I have not seen any specimens from Texas which belong to the geographical race referred to, but not named, by Fall (1905, p. 247). The Impressed line adjacent to the eyes is moderately well developed In some Individuals. Blatchley (1914, p. 91) records this species from Dunedin and Ormond, Florida (determined by H. C. Fall). It was taken by beating oak trees In blossom. Hie states that one of the specimens was 4.0 mm. In length. I have seen no Individuals of this species which are this large. 285 Porosus is most nearly related to gravis (Lee.), It can be distinguished from this species in that the larger punc­ tures of the metasternum easily attain the side. Those of gravis Just barely or do not reach the side. Also the small punctures of the elytra are quite indistinct in this species and are quite distinct in gravis.

Tricorynus posticus (Pall) n. comb. Figures 68, 138

Catorama posticum Pall, 1905* p* 243; Pic, 1912b, p. JO; Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Elytra reddish brown to very dark brown, dis­ tinctly to somewhat lighter at apical third to half, pronotum and metasternum light reddish brown to dark brown, pronotum often broadly clouded with blackish, head and abdomen dull reddish, usually lighter than remainder; elytra parallel­ sided to slightly narrowed from humeri; body 1.6 to 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence rather sparse, light yellowish; rather elongate, distinctly but not strongly gibbous in pro­ file; large punctures of elytra small, not dense, those at side of pronotum smaller, denser, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large to moderate, separated by 1.5 to 2.2 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.2 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of maxillary palpus about 1.6 times as long as wide; 286 last segment of labial palpus about 1.5 times as long.as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum quite evenly rounded at side. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae, upper often more distinctly Impressed. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia blstriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, Incomplete or absent at basal third, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; middle tibia finely, completely grooved posteriorly, nearly marginal. Metasternum nearly perfectly flat throughout; large punctures at center moderate in size, not dense, slightly smaller, not or a little sparser laterally, easily attaining side, large punctures at center about equal in size, less dense than those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate fovea, smaller, variable foveae present. Length - 1.5 to 2.1 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes rather leg-shaped; styli curving and clubbed. Median lobe widest at base, and grad­ ually narrowed aplcally, with one medium sized and two rather small objects internally. The male genitalia appear to be more variable than is the case with most other species. Those of three specimens have been examined and do not agree in all particulars. It might be that more than one category is represented in the material, but if so they are nearly or quite indistinguish- 287 able externally. The figure is from a specimen collected at Hidalgo Co., Texas. Type material - The type is located In the Fall collection at MCZ and bears the number 24717. It was collected at San Diego, Texas on May 1 by E. A. Schwarz. Distribution - A total of 23 individuals have been seen. These were collected from March to July from the following localities: TEXAS, Hidalgo Co., Shovel Mt.j ARIZONA, Palmerlee, Dragoon Mts. All but four of these specimens are from OSU. Variation - The elytra are distinctly lighter at the apical third to half in the Arizona specimens and usually so In the Texas specimens. However, some from Texas have the elytra only somewhat lighter aplcally. Also specimens from this area are darker in color than those f r o m Arizona. Other characters are essentially constant in their expression. Ten specimens have been labeled "nr. posticus11 because they range outside of what here seems to be species limits. Most have the larger punctures stronger and denser or the profile is more gibbous than that of posticus. Discussion - The eyes of the three individuals known to be males are all within the upper range of size for this species. The single specimen known to be a female represents the opposite end of the size range. It is possible that the sexes are separable on this basis. Tricorynus productus n, sp. Figure 67 General - Dorsal surface and metasternum rather dark brown, more or less distinctly reddish, head and abdomen lighter, elytra feeble vittate, pronotum sometimes clouded with blackish; elytra parallel-sided or slightly widest near middle; body 1,8 times as long as wide; pubescence a little denser than usual, light yellowish; very elongate in profile, not gibbous; large punctures of elytra very small, moderate in density, those at side of pronotum intergtading with and nearly indistinguishable from small punctures, separated on an average by about 3 times their diameter. Head - Eyes of female moderate in size, separated by 2,1 to 2,4 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally, eighth antennal segment about 1,6 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 2,6 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1,6 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded at side; surface sometimes very faintJy alutaceous. Elytra with two very fine, distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bisulcate, anterior groove fine, marginal, nearly complete to indistinct at basal third, posterior groove rather strong, not quite marginal, incomplete near apex; middle tibia not grooved, or with 289 indistinct traces near base. Metasternum distinctly to rather strongly, nearly evenly rounded throughout; large punctures at center rather small, moderate in density, dis­ tinct, smaller, sparser laterally, easily attaining side; anteriorly at each side with a small, elongate foveae. Length - 2.8 to 3*0 mm.

Male genitalia - No males have been seen. Type material - Holotype (female), Vineyard, Utah, July 7, T. Spalding (in CAS). Two paratypes (females) from the same locality, collected on July 16, T. Spalding (1 in CAS, 1 in REW). The type is 2.8 mm. in length and agrees quite closely with the figure. The pronotum is not alutaceous and the large punctures there are quite Intergrading with the small punctures. Diagnosis - This species is most nearly related to luteotectus (Pall), elutus n. sp. and lanceolatus n. sp. The latter two possess a distinct stria on the middle tibia, this species does not. The pubescence of luteotectus is very dense and completely conceals the surface and its sculpture, whereas the pubescence of this species is moderate and some­ what obscures the sculpture but does not conceal the surface. The size range of the three known specimens of this species is 2.8 to 3.0 mm. The range of the other species is 3*0 to 4.8 mm. 290 Variation - The pronotum of one specimen is very min­ utely, indistinctly alutaceous; the other specimens bear no trace of this. Other variation of any significance is adequately covered in the description. Discussion - The specific name refers to the form in pro­ file, this species being one of the more distinctly elongate members of the genus.

Trlcorynus punctatus (LeConte) n. comb. Figures 60, 149 Hemiptychus punctatus LeConte, 1865, p. 240; LeConte, 1866, P* 57; Gemmlnger and Harold, 1869, p. 1784; Crotch, 1873* p. 81; Khaus, 1885, p. 59; Henshaw, 1885, p. 84; Griffith, 1900, p. 568; Ulke, 1902, p. 22; Dury, 1902, p. 150; Snow, 1903, p. 197* Catorama punctatum (LeConte), Fall, 1905, p* 239; Blatchley, 1910, p. 880; Pic, 1912b, p. 70; Leng, 1920, p. 243; Boving, 1927, P. 59; Boving, 1954, p. 137; White, 1962, p. 24. General - Uniformly reddish orange varying to distinctly reddish black; elytra parallel-sided to somewhat widened to middle; body 1.8 to over 1.9 times as long as wide; pub­ escence rather sparse, very light yellowish; quite elongate in profile, not at all gibbous, larger punctures of elytra small, distinct, dense, varying to quite small, rather indistinct, not dense, those at side of pronotum usually. 291 smaller, always denser, separated on an average by a little less than their diameter. Head - Eyes very large to rather large, separated by 1.2 to 1.8 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segnent slightly wider than long; last seg­ ment of maxillary palpus about 2 times as long as wide, tip strongly pointed; last segment of labial palpus about 1.2 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum more or less distinctly, not strongly bulging above anterior angle. Elytra with two lateral striae, distinctly impressed. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove nearly marginal, usually indistinct at basal third, posterior groove complete, not marginal; groove of ;middle tibia complete, distinct, hot quite marginal. Metasternum strongly, longitudinally carinate at center, very distinctly, broadly bulging at side; large punctures at center moderate in size, rather dense, smaller laterally, rather easily attaining side, those at center larger, sparser than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a single very elongate fovea, a second much smaller one some­ times present. Length - 1.9 to 3.0 mm.

Male genitalia - lateral lobes short and broadest near middle; styli broad, nearly straight and not clubbed. Median lobe evidently widest near middle, with two medium sized and one small process internally. 292 The genitalia of 7 males from various localities have been examined. Six of these (one from Louisiana, the state where LeConte's type was collected) agree quite closely with the figure. The seventh, from Lucedale, Mississippi, departs from this form in that the lateral lobes are as long as the median lobe, and the style does not extend beyond its tip. Also the median lobe appears to lack Internal spines. This specimen Is not readily distinguishable externally from other examples of this species. Type material - The type is in the LeConte collection at MCZ and has been given number 3633. It was collected in Louisiana. Distribution - A total of 97 specimens collected from April to August have been seen. They are from the following localities: NEW YORK, Bear Mt., Ithaca; NEW JERSEY, "N. J." MARYLAND, Plummers Island; DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA; PENNSYLVANIA, Allegheny, Jeannette, Pittsburgh, Easton, Angora; OHIO, Delaware Co., Scioto Co., Columbus; INDIANA, Marlon Co., Tippecanoe Co., Orange Co., Knox Co., Marshall Co., Crawford Co.; ILLINOIS, Champaign, Dubois, "N. ILL.", Galesburg, Pike Co., St. Clair Co.; MICHIGAN, Gladwin Co., Midland Co.; NORTH CAROLINA, Balsam; SOUTH CAROLINA, Ware Shoals, Poinsett St. Pk.; ALABAMA, Hazen; GEORGIA, Tybee Isl., FLORIDA, Monroe Co., Miami, Royal Palm Park; LOUISIANA, Tallulah, Leesville; MISSISSIPPI, Lucedale; MISSOURI, "C. Mo.", St. Louis, Big Spring St. Pk.; IOWA, Ames, KANSAS, Onaga, Douglas Co.; OKLAHOMA, Westvllle; TEXAS, Benchley, 293 Karnack, Marshall, Fort Davis; ARIZONA, Palmerlee. Variation - M s species attains a greater degree of variability than all others with the exception of gibbulus (Fall). This is not surprising considering its extremely wide range, however, this variation does not suggest develop­ ment of local populations or subspecies, as might be expected. Rather, it seems to be entirely without pattern. Ventralls is nearly as wide ranging but is quite constant in all characters except color, in which much the same situation is found as with this species. Besides the variability in color (covered in the description) there is varying develop­ ment of the larger punctures, pronotal bulge and form in profile. In some specimens the larger punctures of the dorsal surfaces are a little larger than usual, extremely dense and distinctly impressed thus imparting a finely roughened appear­ ance, aided by a more distinct than usual development of the smaller punctures. These specimens are fairly large, dark colored, and occur throughout the eastern part of the range but appear most numerous from Florida to Texas. In a few specimens the larger elytral punctures are quite small and indistinctly impressed, the smaller punctures being indistinct to obsolete. The smaller, light colored specimens most fre­ quently exhibit this latter condition. The pronotal bulge is most often quite distinct but in a few small specimens it is much less distinct than usual. The profile form is always elongate, not gibbous but the dorsal outline varies from nearly flat to faintly rotund. Genitalic differences were not found in any of the above varying forms. A single individual very closely related to punctatus and probably distinct from it is discussed finder example 5. Discussion - The first complete abdominal suture is often feebly bisinuate. The only biological note from the specimens is as follows "ex old dead sycamore log". Boving (1954, p. 137) records larvae of this species from grape vines. It is a possibility that the variability recorded above could be associated with the host material. The eyes of the males appear to be consistently larger than those of the females. In the males they are separated by 1,2 to about 1.6 times their vertical diameter. In the females they are separated by about 1.7 to 1.8 times their vertical diameter. This species is very distinctive in possessing a carina on the metasternum. Only carlnatus (Fall) is similar in this respect, and the two are readily separated. Punctatus bears two grooves on the anterior tibia and carlnatus has a single, posterior groove.

Trlcorynus punctulatus (LeConte) n. comb. Figures 54, 140 Catorama punctulata LeConte, 1878, p. 409; Austin, 1880, p. 32 Henshaw, 1885, p. 84; Horn, 1895, p. 391; Henshaw, 1895, p. 21; Quintance, 1896, p. 38I; Pic, 1912b, p. 70; Leng, 1920, p. 243. 295 Catorama sectans LeConte, 1878, p. 410; Austin, 1880, p. 32; Henshaw, 1885, p. 84; Horn 1895, p. 390 (as synonym of punctulata); Henshaw, 1893, p. 21; Smith, 1900, p. 268; Pall, 1905, p. 234 (as distinct); Snow, 1907, p. 177; Smith, 1910, p. 307; Pic, 1912b, p. 70; Leng, 1920, p. 243; Blatchley, 1925, p. 168. New synonymy. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum dark brown to nearly black, elytra faintly lighter at apical third, head and abdomen light reddish brown to dark reddish brown, elytra slightly widest at middle; body 1.6 to 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate In density, light yellowish grey; rather robust In profile, not or somewhat gibbous; larger punctures of elytra moderate in size and density, those at side of pronotum nearly as large, much denser than those of elytra, separated on an average by less than half their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate in size, separated by 2.0 to 2.3 times their vertical diameter; bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.6 times as long as wide; last segment of max­ illary palpus a little over three times long as wide, last segment of labial palpus about 1.6 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly flat from front to back at side, sometimes briefly, slightly Inflated above anterior angle. Elytra with no evidence of lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia blstriate, anterior groove distinct at apical two-thirds or three-fourths, not quite marginal, posterior groove distinct throughout, not 296 marginal; middle tibia not striate. Metasternum faintly rounded at center, more distinctly so at side; larger punc­ tures rather large, dense throughout, somewhat smaller at side, those at center equaling larger punctures of pronotum in size; anteriorly at each side with a rather oval fovea, another, smaller one present midway between this and center of metasternum. Length - 2.3 to 3.7 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes sinuate; styli straight and somewhat clubbed. Median lobe narrow and widest at base, with four rather medium sized objects internally, three not distinctly spined or hooked. Dissections of these organs indicate either that they are variable and unreliable as taxonomic characters or that there are two or more species in this category which differ not at all or Just slightly externally. Type material - LeConte's type(number 3631 in MCZ) was taken at Tampa, Florida on April 26. The dorsal color is dark brown, the eyes are separated by 2.0 times their ver­ tical diameter and the length is 2.63 mm. Distribution - A total of 165 specimens, most collected from April to July, have been seen from the following locali­ ties: TEXAS, Val Verde Co., Burnett Co., Chisos Basin, Fedor, Cypress Mills, Alpine, Big Bend N. P., Harris Co., Karnes Co., Fort Davis, Lee Co., Austin, Del Rio, Chisos Mts., Kerrvilie, Round Mt., Catarina, Montague Co., Scheffleld, 297 Hudspeth Co.; NEW MEXICO, Lordsburg, Las Cruces; FLORIDA, Key Large, Dunedin; GEORGIA,; (no other data); NORTH CAROLINA, (no other data). Only three specimens are from New Mexico. A total of seven have been seen from the southeastern states. The discontinuous nature of the distribution of this species is unique and is not found in like magnitude in any other member of the genus (except possibly tabacl (Guer.)). One of Fallas paratypes of mutanslfrom "S. W. Tex." has been assigned to this species. Smith (1900, p. 268) recorded this species (under the name sectans) as occurring in New Jersey, this is likely a misidentification• Variation - In about a third of the specimens the coarse punctures of the elytra are rather indistinctly arranged in bands, especially laterally. The shape in profile varies to a quite noticeable extent. Some specimens approach a nearly rotund condition while others are fairly obviously gibbous anteriorly. About three-fourths of the specimens match the figure fairly closely. A total of 24 specimens are not definitely assignable to this category and have been labeled "nr. punotulatus". These vary in one or more ways from what sire otherwise consistent characters. Sixteen specimens from Texas and one from Arizona agree in all characters except that the larger punc­ tures of the head are smaller than usual, also the body size is unusually small, averaging about 2.4 mm. There are, how­ 298 ever, intergrades in these characters with punctulatus and the differences do not appear sufficient to indicate a distinct species. Hie genitalia have not been examined. A series of seven specimens (of very uniform size') collected at Bel Rio, Texas are quite close to punctulatus. Hiey range from 2.2 to 2.3 mm. in length (versus 2.3 to 3.7 for punctulatus). and the clypeal suture is quite strongly impressed. These two characters are the only external differences from punctulatus. Hie impressed appearance of the clypeal suture has been seen in some specimens placed under punctulatus but occurs haphazardly. The male genitalia appear quite distinct from those of punctulatus. Hie median lobe is parallel and of a much more elongate form. Although these specimens are probably distinct, I hesitate to describe on the basis of genital characters, as the external ones are unreliable. Discussion - A number of specimens have been taken at lights. Other notes Include; "beating oak. Quercus sp.", "dry mesquite area". Horn (1895, p. 390) was correct in uniting sectans Lee. with punctulatus. Pall's error in removing it from synonymy was evidently due to specimens of aberrans n. sp. in the Horn collection erroneously determined as punctulatus. Qulntance, 1896, p. 381, in a paper on the stored grain and cereal products of Florida, states that this species is of considerable abundance in corn, corn-meal and flour and is 299 destructive to museum specimens, bird skins and insects. He applies the name "The Catorama flour beetle" to this species.

T h e r e is absolutely no evidence to corroborate his state­ ments and considering the apparent scarcity of this species in the southeast I consider it likely that the beetle involved was misidentified. Blatchley (1925* P* 168) records this species (under the anme sectans) from Dunedin, Florida and states that it was taken beneath the bark of a recently felled pine. I have seen a specimen in the Blatchley collection which appears to be this specimen and the determination is correct. This species is closest to mutans. It can be fairly reliably separated from it in that the larger punctures of the head are but slightly or not smaller than those at the side of the pronotum. The larger punctures of the head of mutans are decidedly smaller than those at the side of the pronotum. Also the inner fovea of the metasternum in this species is midway between the outer fovea and center of the metasternum, in mutans it is closer to the center of the metasternum than the outer fovea. Also punctulatus is found in the southeastern states and Texas to New Mexico, whereas mutans occurs from Texas to Arizona.

Tricorynus pusillus (LeConte) n. comb. Figures 71, 1^3 Dorcatoma pusillum LeConte, 1859, p. 72. Hemlptychus pusillus (LeConte), LeConte, 1866, p. 57; 300 Geramlnger and Harold, 1869, p. 1784; Crotch, 1873, p. 81; Henshaw, 1885, p. 84; Griffith, 1900, p. 568; Pall, 1901,' p. 132. Catorama pusillum (LeConte), Pall, 1905, p. 249; Pic, 1912b, p. 70; Leng, 1920* p. 243. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum distinctly reddish to reddish brown, elytra sometimes faintly vlttate, head and abdomen lighter; elytra not quite parallel-sided, somewhat widest near middle; body varying slightly from 1.6 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, faintly yellow­ ish; rather elongate in; profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra small, somewhat sparse, those at side of pronotum indistinct, about equal in size, a little denser, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate in size, separated by 2.0 to 2.23 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.3 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of maxillary palpus about 2.3 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus 1.3 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum slightly bulging above anterior angle. Elytra with two usually distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove rather strong, nearly or quite marginal, much finer at basal third, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum rather rounded at center, distinctly rounded at side; large punctures at center 301 rather small, fairly dense, abruptly smaller, sparser later­ ally, broadly absent at side, those at center about equal In size or a little larger, less dense to nearly as dense as large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, narrow fovea, a small, circular fovea present internally. Length - 1.7 to 2.0 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest near base; styli straight and rather clubbed. Median lobe broadest at base, with three small and one medium sized object internally. Type material - The type bears number 3635 and is in the LeConte collection at MCZ. Unfortunately it bears no collection data. The dorsal surface is reddish brown, the eyes are separated by 2.23 times their vertical diameter and the length is 1.8 mm. Distribution - Only six specimens of this species have / been seen. They represent the following California local­ ities: Tulare Co., Winters, Alameda Co. Variation - In one individual the upper elytral groove is noticeably weaker than the lower. Other variation is covered in the description. Discussion - The genitalia of three males have been seen but no specimens have been confirmed to be females, so possible sexual characters are not known. This species is a member of the confusus group and is most similar to indlstlnctus. The large punctures of the 302 dorsal surface of this species are distinctly smaller than In the above. Also the eyes are smaller (separated by 2.0 to 2.23 times their vertical diameter) than in indistlnctus (separated by 1.3 to 2.0 times their vertical diameter). The similarity in male genitalia of these two species reflects the degree of relationship.

Trlcorynus robustus (Horn) n. comb. Pigures 65, 142

Hemiptychus robustus Horn, 1895# p. 381; Henshaw, l895> p. 21. Catorama robustum (Horn), Pall, 1905, p. 246; Pic, 1912b, p. 70; Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Dorsal surface and metastemum light brown to dark brown, head and abdomen often lighter; elytra parallel- sided to widest at middle; body about 1JB times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, light yellowish; robust, elongate in profile, not at all gibbous; large punc­ tures of elytra very small, rather dense, those at side of pronotum largest at posterior jnargin, smaller, denser than those of elytra, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate in size, separated by 2.1 to 2.4 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth anten nal segment about 1.6 times as long as wide; last segnent of maxillary palpus nearly four times as long as wide; last segnent of labial palpus about 2.6 times as long as wide. 303 Dorsal surface - Pronotum not bulging or inflated at side, greatest curvature at level of hind angle, or slightly below. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae, not deeply Impressed. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove marginal or nearly so, finer, less distinct at basal third, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; groove of middle tibia strong, marginal, complete. Metaster­ num somewhat rounded at center, distinctly bulging at side; large punctures at center small, moderate in density, smaller, sparser laterally, not or Just barely attaining side, those at center equal in size, not as dense as large punctures at side of pronotum along posterior margin; anteriorly at each side with an elongate, very narrow fovea, another smaller pit usually present. Length - 3.3 to 4.2 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes widest near middle; styli rather short, curving and somewhat clubbed. Median lobe nearly parallel, with one large and two rather small pro­ cesses Internally. Type material - A specimen in the Horn collection at MC2 bearing number 35^7 is hereby designated as the lecto- type of this species. It was taken in southwestern Texas. Distribution - Only nine specimens of this species have been seen. The three with date of collection were taken in March and April. All specimens are from Texas and come from 304 the following localities: Starr Co., "S. W. Tex.". Variation - A couple of specimens exhibit an extremely vague indication of elytral vittae. In most this is not evident. Ihe pronotum at its side varies in the degree of roundedness immediately above the anterior angle. Most are nearly flat in this area but some approach a rather inflated condition. Discussion - The eyes of the males are slightly larger on the average than those of the females, however, the ranges broadly overlap.

Trlcorynus rotundus (White) n. comb. Figures 62, 141

Catorama rotundurn White, I960, p. 236; White, 1962, p. 25. General - Elytra black, rather shining, pronotum and metasternum reddish black to dark reddish black, head and abdomen dull reddish to reddish black; elytra parallel­ sided, sometimes broadest near middle; body ranging around 1.5 to 1.6 times as long as wide; pubescence quite sparse, very light yellowish; not at all gibbous in profile, quite stout, nearly evenly rotundate; large punctures of elytra very small, moderate in density, large punctures at side of pronotum exceedingly small, rather sparse at posterior margin, just distinguishable from small punctures. Head - Eyes very small, separated by 3.0 to 3*9 times their vertical diameter, somewhat to distinctly flattened; 305 eighth antennal segment about 1.2 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus a little over two times longer than wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.2 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded at side. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae, upper more strongly impressed. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove distinct, nearly marginal, indistinct or absent at basal third, posterior groove strong, complete, not mar­ ginal; middle tibia grooved, groove strong, marginal, complete. Metasternum distinctly, nearly evenly bulging throughout; large punctures at center moderate in size, rather dense, smaller, sparser laterally, Just barely attaining side posteriorly, larger punctures at center much larger, denser than those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a narrow, very elongate fovea. Length - 2.2 to 2.7 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes nearly parallel faintly widest at middle; sty11 curving and clubbed. Median lobe sinuate-sided with two medium sized and one small process internally. Type material - The holotype (sex unknown) is in the OSU collection. It was collected at Fairfield Co., Ohio, on August 15, D. J. and J. N. Knull. 306 The type is the largest specimen thus far seen of this species (2.7 mm.). The elytra are black, the pronotum and metasternum are dull reddish black and the head and pronotum a lighter reddish black. The eyes are separated by 3.2 times their vertical diameter (not 3.0 as stated in the original description), and the large punctures of the sides are very minute but evident (not absent as stated in the original description). Distribution - Only 14 individuals of this species have been seen. Four of these which bear data on the date collected were taken from May to August. The localities are as follows: WASHINGTON D. C.; VIRGINIA, Falls Church; OHIO, Fairfield Co.; NORTH CAROLINA, Near Lake Toxaway; SOUTH CAROLINA, Kings Mt. St. Pk.; GEORGIA, "Ga."; FLORIDA, "Fla." MISSISSIPPI, Richton. As is typical of some members of the nlgrltulus group this species is widely distributed but very infrequently collected. Variation - This species is quite constant in its char­ acters and little of value can be added to that already covered in the description. Discussion - One member of this species was seen in the Fall collection in MCZ within a series determined as C. nlgrltulus (Lee.). This species is very distinctive for the extremely small and sparse large punctures at the side of the pronotum and 307 the highly rotundate profile. It is probably most nearly related to nlgrltulus (Lee.). This species is rotund in profile and the large punctures at the side of the pronotum are very minute. Nlgrltulus is not rotund in profile and the large punctures at the side of the pronotum are normal.

Tricorynus simllis (LeConte) n . comb. Figures 69* 137

Hemlptychus simllis LeConte, 1878, p. 408; Austin, 1880, p. 32; Henshaw, 1885, p. 84; Smith, 1900, p. 268; Smith, 1910, p. 307. Catorama simile (LeConte), Fall, 1905, p. 250 (not this species); Pic, 1912b, p. 71J Leng, 1920, p. 243. Catorama vexatum Fall, 1905* p. 245; Dury, 1906, p. 259; Blatchley, 1910, p. 881; Smith, 1910, p. 307; Pic, 1912b, p. 71* Leng, 1920, p.243; Leng, 1928, p. 4l4; Brimley, 1938, p. 197; White, 1962, p. 2 5 . New synonymy. General - Body light reddish brown to dark brown, rarely nearly orange, head and abdomen often lighter; elytra parallel-sided or slightly widest near middle; body varying somewhat each direction from 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, very light yellowish; very elongate in profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra small, moderate in density, those at side of pronotum a little larger, equal in size or a little smaller, always 308 denser than those of elytra, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large, separated by 1.7 to 2.0 times their vertical diameter, bulging normallyj eighth antennal segment about 1.5 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 2.0 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.6 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum with posterior margin immedi* ately above anterior angle narrowly, evidently infolded pro­ ducing a slight bulge, otherwise nearly flat from front to back or a little rounded. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, indistinct at basal third, posterior groove strong, nearly marginal, complete; middle tibia with fine, marginal groove, indistinct at apical third. Metaster­ num somewhat rounded at center, more distinctly so at side; large punctures at center small, moderate in density to rather dense, not or very slightly smaller, sparser later­ ally, easily attaining side, those at center distinctly smaller, sparser than larger punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each with an elongate, very narrow fovea, usually a single, small, round fovea present internally. Length - 2.3 to 3-3 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes incurving and broadest above middle; styli short, straight and clubbed. Median 309 lobe broadest beyond middle, with two rather large processes Internally. Die few dissections done on specimens which cannot be placed with certainty in the category (discussed below) due to more or less distinct external differences have shown the existence of at least three groups distinguishable on the basis of their genitalia. None of these are represented by good series. Type material - The holotype is in the LeConte collection at MCZ and is designated as type number 3639. It was collected at Tampa, Florida on April 21. Die dorsal surface is reddish brown and the length is 2.35 mm. Distribution - A total of 83 specimens have been seen. They were collected from March to July from the following localities: NEW YORK, New Rochelle; DELAWARE, Laurel, Smyrna, Newark; MARYLAND, Sparrows Point, Baltimore; NEW JERSEY, Da Costa, Phillipsburg, Anglesea, Clementon, Camden, Gloucester, Montclair, Nutley, 7 Mile Beach; PENNSYLVANIA, Allegheny, Del. Water Gap, Pittsburgh; OHIO, Green Co., Delaware Co.; VIRGINIA, Fairfax Co.; DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA; NORTH CAROLINA, Southern Pines; SOUTH CAROLINA, Florence; GEORGIA, Dunwoody, Tybee Is.; ARKANSAS, Hope, "South West Ark."; FLORIDA, Dunedin; INDIANA, Crawford Co., Knox Co., Marion Co.; TENNESSEE, Reelfoot Lake; ILLINOIS, Adams Co., St. Clair Co., MISSOURI, Saint Louis; MISSISSIPPI, Lucedale, "Agr. Coll. Miss."; OKLAHOMA, Westville; TEXAS, Texarkana, Brazos Co., Leon Co., Davis Mts., Bastrop St. Park. 310 Pall (1905# p. 245) records this species (under the name vexatum) also from West Virginia, Kentucky and Kansas. Variation - A few specimens have the large punctures of the dorsal surface much denser than most. These agree in all other characters and are Joined by intermediates with the normal condition. Some of the lighter specimens have very indistinct evidence of elytral vittae, others Just as light in color lack these. The raised lateral margin is usually evident above the anterior angle, in some, however, it is obsolete. The groove of the middle tibia is most always fine but evident and indistinct at the apical third, however, in one specimen it is evident only near the middle and extends about half the length of the tibia. Sixty specimens from throughout the range of similis have been labeled "nr. similis.11 Some of these are no doubt variable members of similis but others depart sufficiently from it to be regarded as distinct species, and these external characters confirm the genitallc findings. Unfortunately none of these are represented by good series. The most common differences from similis are: eyes distinctly larger, punc­ tures of dorsal surface finer, pronotum at side very flat, rather gibbous in profile and head adjacent to eyes distinctly impressed. Discussion - The only biological note from the specimens is "beating oak". 311 Trlcorynus tabaci (Guerin) n. comb. Figures 70, 144 Catorama tabaci Guerin-Meneville, 1850, p. 431; Guerin-Mene- ville, 1851, p. cxv; Gemminger and Harold, 1869, p. 1784; Henshaw, 1885, p. 84; Pic. 1912b, p. 70; Schwarz, 1913* p. 89; Leng and Mutchler, 1914, p. 435; Ealand, 1915* p. 270; Runner, 1919* p. 5* 7 and 28; 1920, p. 243; Boving, 1927* P. 59; Heed and Vinzant, 1942, p. 11, Blackwelder, 1945* p. 406; Tenhet and Bare, 1951* p. 9; da Costa Lima, 1953, p. 228 (figure labeled L. serrlcorne is probably T. tabaci); Boving, 1954, p. 143; USDA F. B.,

1955, P. 38 (tabaci ?). Catorama lmpresslfrons Fall, 1905, p. 234; Bur. of Ent., 1905, p. 630; Pic, 1912b, p. 69; Leng, 1920, p. 243; Blackwelder, 1945, p. 405; Boving, 1954, p. 143. Catorama puncticeps Gorham, 1886, p. 348; Pic, 1912b, p. 70; Blackwelder, 1945, p. 405. New synonymy. General - Color dorsally dark reddish brown, elytra not or faintly lighter at apical two-fifths, head and under sur­ face reddish brown to dark reddish brown, depressions of head black; elytra parallel-sided at basal half; body I.65 to 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, yellow­ ish grey; quite robust, somewhat to very feebly gibbous in profile; large punctures of elytra small, distinct, rather dense, those at side of pronotum a little smaller to as large, decidedly denser than those of elytra, separated on an average by their diameter. 312 Head - Eyes rather small, slightly bulging, separated by 2.6 to 2.8 times their vertical diameter; head with broad, very coarsely punctured depression or flattened area adjacent to eyes, punctures largest near middle; eighth antennal segment about 1.5 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of maxillary palpus about 2.0 times as long as wide; last segnent of labial palpus about 1.2 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum not inflated or bulging at side, nearly evenly rounded, curvature greatest at level of hind angle, least Immediately above anterior angle. Elytra lacking striae, occasionally very slight traces just visible. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, both attain­ ing apex, anterior stria most distinct at apical half, nearly marginal, posterior stria distinct throughout, not marginal; middle tibia not sulcate. Metasternum nearly flat at center, broadly, moderately inflated at side; larger punc­ tures small, moderate In density at center, somewhat smaller laterally, not quite or just barely attaining side at posterior angle, large punctures at center more distinct, a little smaller and less dense than those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with one narrow, elongate fovea. Length - 3*4 to 4.6 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest above middle; sty11 straight and clubbed. Median lobe broadest below middle, with two medium sized and one small spine Internally. 3X3 Type material - This species was described from Cuba by Guerin-Meneville and is the type species of the old genus Catorama by monotypy. I have been unable to find the loca­ tion of the type of tabaci. Other types of Guerin's species have been deposited in the Museum National D'RLstoire Naturelie in Paris, France, but Or. A. Vllllers, assistant director of the museum informs me that this one is not. Fortunately the original description of the species and the illustrations of it are sufficiently well done and detailed to leave no doubt as to the correct association of the name. Distribution - Eleven specimens have been seen from the following localities: TEXAS, Brownsville, Hidalgo Co., Cameron Co.; FLORIDA, Tampa, Fall, (1905, p. 234) records this species (under the name impressifrons) also from Willis, Teatas. Tro individuals represent the Florida record. They may have been intercepted, however, there is no indication of this on the labels. In addition to the above a total of 26 specimens have been received which were intercepted at various points. The information on these specimens is as follows: Brownsville (from Mexico), November 14, 1942, garlic bulbsBrownsville (from Mexico), December 2, 1942, in garlic; Brownsville, (from Mexico), April 28, 1943, in Divi-Divi seed pod; Brownsville, (from Mexico), January 8, 1943, with dry herbs; Brownsville, (from Mexico), January 13, 1932, on garlic; Laredo, Texas, (from Mexico), November 25, 1942, Ramie-dry 3X4 stem; Hidalgo, (from Mexico), in popcorn; Mobile (Br. Hon­ duras), September 19, 1929* in red pepper; D. C. Quaranteen (from Mexico), August 27, 1918, ex Crategus meriana (?); Chicago, (from Mexico), March 5, 1941, in dried pepper fruit. All of these specimens are from the USNM. Variation - In some specimens the anterior stria of the anterior tibia extends nearly to the base but is always fine and not deep at the proximal half. There was little else observed of importance beyond that noted in the description. Discussion - Pall (1905* 226) mentions that he had seen neither Guerin's description or specimens of tabaci. This doubtless contributed to his redescribing this species under the name impressifrons. Boving (1954, p. 143) deserves credit for first recog­ nizing that lmpressifrons and tabaci are identical. I have seen no specimens of punctlceps (Gorham) but the description and notes following it leave little doubt to its being synonymous with tabaci. The only disparity is the length given for punctlceps (5.5 mm.). I have seen no examples of tabaci this large. In addition to the biological^information given from the intercepted specimens tabaci is known to feed on tobacco and tobacco seeds (Guerin, 1850; Fall, 1905). Boving, 1954, p. 143, provides the following biological notes on this species: in garlic bulbs; on lettuce in baggage; in Poin- ciana seed; on tobacco. This species is not recorded as an economically Import­ ant pest but It must certainly be considered to be of potential importance due to Its feeding habits. Tabaci is at once separable from every other species of Tricorynus known to me on the basis of the coarsely punctate depressions of the head. It is probably most nearly related to estrlatus (Horn).

Tricorynus texanus n. sp. Figures 66, 148 General - Dorsal surface and metasternum rather light reddish brown to nearly black, head and abdomen usually lighter; elytra parallel-sided; body 1.7 to nearly 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, light grey with a yellowish luster; elongate robust, rather gibbous in profile; larger punctures of elytra rather small, dense, those at side of pronotum about same size, denser, separated on an average by about a third their diameter. Head - Eyes rather large, separated by 1.7 to 1.9 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally to very feebly flat tened; eighth segment of antenna about 1.2 times as long as wide; last segnent of maxillary palpus nearly 2.5 times longer than wide; last segment of labial palpus almost as wide as long. Dorsal surface - Pronotum very strongly bulging at side, bulge bordering anterior margin and greatest above anterior angle. Elytra with two strong lateral striae. 316 Ventral surface - Anterior tibia with a single, strong, complete, posterior stria, removed from margin, anterior groove sometimes vaguely indicated near apex; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum nearly flat at center, somewhat rounded at sides; an extremely fine, longitudinal carina at center; larger punctures moderate in size and density at center, much smaller laterally, not or very feebly attaining side, larger punctures at side of pronotum less dense; anteriorly at each side with a rather small, oval fovea, a smaller, round fovea present internally. Length - 2.6 to 3.3 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes narrow and broadest at middle; sty11 long, curving and somewhat clubbed. Median lobe broadest beyond middle, with three medium sized and one small process Internally. This species is distinct from tropicus n. sp. on the basis of the more elongate median lobe and the absence of a series of small spines within the median lobe. Though quite similar externally the specific distinctness of tropicus and texanus is borne out by genitalic differences. Type material - Holotype (male), Brownsville, Texas, June, H. W. Wenzel collection (in OSU). Allotype, Hidalgo Co., Texas, April 7, 1930, D. J. and J. N. Knull (in OSU). The 35 paratypes, all from Texas, bear the following data:

Brownsville, May 25, 1939* J. and J. N. Knull, (5 in OSU, 2 in REW); Cameron Co., March 24, I960, D. J. and J. N. Knull 317 (l in OSU); Brownsville, July 30 (l in Frost collection, MCZ); Brownsville, October 4, 1951* 0. L. Cartwright (l in USNM); Brownsville, June 25, 1930, J. 0. Martin (5 in CAS, 1 in REW); Brownsville, June 10, 1903, Hopping collection (l in CAS); Mission, October, 1921 (13 in AMCT, 4 in REW); Brownsville, May 14, 1908 (l in UMs). Kie type is 3.1 mm. in length and dark reddish black in color. The larger punctures at the center of the metaster­ num are a little smaller and somewhat less dense than in most, in other respects it is typical. Diagnosis - This species is quite similar to tropicus n. sp. and the Carribean neltumae (Fisher). It can be separated from tropicus on the basis of the large punctures of the metasternum, these easily attain the side in tropicus, though smaller there, whereas in this species they are dis­ tinctly smaller laterally and do not or Just barely attain the side. Also tropicus is known only from Florida and this species is from Texas and I have seen specimens from Mexico and Guatemala. It differs from neltumae in that the larger punctures on the head are nearly uniform throughout or some­ what smaller dorsally, those of neltumae are distinctly larger at the dorsal half of the head. Also neltumae is recorded from Puerto Rico and specimens have been seen from

the Dominican Republic. Variation - The color varies much as it does in tropicus. It is reddish brown to nearly black. The larger punctures of 318 the center of the metasternum are, In some specimens, a little smaller, less dense than usual. Discussion - At the anterior, lateral margin of the abdominal segments Is a small, roughened area, the margin of the segment over this Is often slightly raised. This has been noticed In neltumae and tropicus, but is less strongly developed In these. In none of these species Is this characteristic as distinct as in abdominalls n. sp. In addition to the specimens enumerated above 14 indivi­ duals intercepted in Brownsville from Mexico have been seen. They are recorded from abony bean seeds and mesquite beans. Another specimen apparently intercepted from Guatemala was found on Cyclocarpum, no data on place of capture is given. A second apparently Introduced specimen from Guatemala was taken from the seed of monkey flowers. It will be noticed that this species and tropicus are nearly indistinguishable in profile (figs. 66 and 72). The only difference to be seen is the presence of a second small inner fovea on the metasternum of texanus and only one lateral fovea on the metasternum of tropicus. The specific name refers to the area of collection. This species is known from nowhere else in North America.

Tricorynus tibialis n. sp. Pigure 147 General - Dorsal surface and metasternum rather dark red­ dish brown, margins somewhat darker, head and abdomen 319 slightly ligher; elytra parallel-sided or faintly widest at middle; body 1.7 to 1.75 times as long as wide; pubescence rather sparse, light greyish; rather elongate in profile, not or Just faintly gibbous, large punctures of elytra small, moderate in density, rather indistinct, those at side of pronotum intergrading with and barely distinguishable from small punctures, rather indistinct. Head - Eyes fairly large to moderate in size, separated by 1.8 to 2.1 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.3 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 2.6 times as long as wide;

last segment of labial palpus about two times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum quite evenly rounded to side, not or faintly rounded front to back. Elytra with two dis­ tinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove strong, not quite marginal, finer or obsolete at basal third, posterior groove strong, not marginal, obsolete at apical third or fourth; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum rounded at center, more strongly rounded laterally; large punctures at center rather large, dense, rather smaller, sparser laterally, attaining side posteriorly, those at center distinctly larger than punctures at side of pronotum; anterior­ ly at each side with an elongate, very narrow fovea. Length - 2.0 to 2.2 mm. 320

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest near middle and Indented apically; styll narrow, straight and not clubbed. Median lobe sinuate sided and broadest beyond middle, three medium sized and one small process plus smother, apparently single, five splned process present internally. The genitalia in their form are very similar to that of densus (Fall). Type material - Hblotype (male) and both paratypes (sexes unknown) were taken at Hunting Island, South Carolina, on June 20, 1962 by V. M. Kirk, (type in CC, 1 paratype in V.M.K., 1 paratype in HEW). TSie type agrees closely with the above description. Diagnosis - This species is most nearly related to borealis (Lee.) and densus (Fall). It differs from the latter in lacking the groove on the middle tibia. It is sep­ arable from both species in having much larger eyes. Kiose of densus and borealis are separated by 2.8 to 4.0 times their vertical diameter. In this species they are separated by 1.8 to 2.1 times their vertical diameter. In addition the ranges are different. Borealis and densus are found in northern United States and lower Canada and this species is known only from South Carolina. Variation - The variation observed in this species is adequately covered in the description. Discussion - The sex of only one specimen (type) is known with certainty so possible sexual characters are not known. 321

There are no biological notes on this species. The profile and pubescence of this species are quite similar to that of densus (Pall), figure 18. It differs from the figure in that large punctures are evident on the pronotum and are rather dense and more distinct on the elytra. The specific name refers to the anterior tibia which is distinctive in that it is flattened apically and the posterior groove is obsolete in this region. Trlcorynus tropicus n. sp. Figures 72, 146 General - Entire body reddish brown to nearly black, head and abdomen sometimes lighter; elytra parallel-sided; body 1.7 to 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, very light greyish; rather robust, rather gibbous in profile; larger punctures of elytra rather small, dense, those of side of pronotum about equal in size, much denser, separated on an average by less than their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large, separated by 1.7 to 1.9 times

their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment a little over 1.1 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of maxillary palpus about 2.0 times as long as wide, outer angle rather pointed; last segment of labial palpus about 1.2 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum very strongly bulging at side, bulge bordering anterior margin and greatest above anterior 322 angle. Elytra with two strong lateral striae, very feeble, longitudinal costae sometimes evident. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia with a single, strong, complete posterior groove, removed from margin; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum nearly flat at center, somewhat rounded at side; with an exceedingly fine, longitudinal carina at center; larger punctures moderate in size and density at center, smaller laterally, easily attaining side, those at center equal in size to larger punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a single, small, oval fovea. Length - 2.2 to 3.2 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest near middle; styli narrow, straight and rather clubbed. Median lobe broad­ est near middle, with two medium sized and five small spines

internally. The genitalia show close affinities to texanus n. sp. and neltumae (Fisher) but are distinguishable on the basis of the Internal spines. Also the lateral lobes are dis­ tinctly broader at the middle. Type material - Hblotype (male), Garden Key, Dry Tortugas, Florida, September 1, 1961, H. V. Weems, Jr., allotype with same data, (both in FAES). Sixty-eight paratypes bear the same data as above, 62 are in FAES, 8 in REW collection. The following specimens were collected at Garden Key, Florida:

May 9, 1961, R. E. Woodruff (l in FAES); September 1, 1961, B. K. Dozier (2 in FAES, 1 in REW); September 2, 1961, R. E. 323 Woodruff (3 in FAES, X in REW). Eight paratypes were taken at Key West, 7 on September, 1943, one on June 28, 1945 (6 in CU, 2 in REW). A total of 86 North American specimens have thus been examined. I have also seen six specimens belonging to this species from South Bimini Island and West Caicos Island, the Bahamas, these are not paratypes. The type is 3.0 mm. in length, distinctly blackish and agrees quite closely with the profile of figure 72. Three specimens from USNM from Stock Island, Florida, were seen after the above was written, they are not paratypes. Diagnosis - This species is similar to texanus n. sp. and neltumae (Fisher), the latter is from Puerto Rico. Neltumae and this species can be distinguished on the basis of the large metasternal punctures, these do not or Just barely attain the side in neltumae, in this species they easily attain the side. Also the large punctures of the head of neltumae are distinctly larger at the top half, in this species they are even throughout or somewhat smaller at the top of the head. See under texanus for the differences between it and this species. Variation - The greatest variation noticed was in color. All of the Key West specimens are more or less reddish brown and most of the Dry Tortugas specimens are distinctly blackish while a few are somewhat reddish. There is some variation in the sharpness of the declivity of the elytra in profile, this, however, is minor. 324

Discussion - The Key West specimens are labeled "in tamarind" and "in tamarind pods". Most of those from Garden Key were reared from seed pods of Thespesla populnea. The Stock Island specimens are labeled "in Caesalpunla pulcherrlma pods". In addition to running close together in the key, this species and texanus are very closely related on the basis of external morphology and male genitalia. Neltumae (Pisher) from Puerto Rico is quite similar to both these species. I have seen individuals of neltumae apparently from the type series (they bear the same data) but not o labeled. Tropicus occurs in tropical and semitropical portions of the Bahamas, and, of course, in Florida. The specific name refers to this distribution. Trlcorynus tumidus (Pall) n. comb. Figures 73, 150

Catorama tumldum Pall, 1905* p. 243; Pall and Cockerell, 1907, p. 185; Pic, 1912b, p. 71; Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Entire body reddish brown to very dark brown, head and abdomen often lighter, elytra in lighter specimens indistinctly vittate; elytra parallel-sided to slightly narrowed from humeri; body 1.7 to 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, light yellowish; elongate, quite distinctly to rather strongly gibbous in profile; large punctures of elytra rather small, moderately dense, quite distinct, those at side of pronotum a little larger, 325 distinctly denser, quite distinct, separated by an average of about their diameter. Head - Eyes very large to rather large, separated by 1.2 to 1.9 times their vertical diameter, more bulging than usual in those with larger eyes; eighth antennal segment about 1.6 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about three times as long as wide; last segnent of labial palpus over two times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum not bulging or inflated, some­ what evenly rounded at side, usually vaguely, narrowly flattened behind anterior margin. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, incomplete or absent at basal third to half, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; middle tibia finely grooved, not quite marginal, complete or nearly so. Metasternum nearly flat at center, evidently rounded at side; large punctures at center small, rather dense, not or Just slightly smaller, sparser at side, easily attaining side, those at center smaller, sparser than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a narrow, elongate fovea, sometimes reduced, small, variable pits present. Length - 2.4 to 3.3 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes short, stout and broadest near middle; styli stout, curving and clubbed. Median lobe 326 broadest at base, with three medium sized objects internally, two of these appearing ill-defined. Type material - The type is in the Pall collection at MCZ and has been assigned number 24720. It was collected at Pedor, Texas, and bears no further data. The eyes are separated by 1.6 times their vertical diameter and it is 2.7 mm. in length. Distribution - A total of 113 individuals have been seen, these were collected from March to July. They were taken from the following localities; TEXAS, Chisos Mts., Pedor, Val Verde Co., Starr Co., Hidalgo Co., Dallas Co., Bexar Co.-San Antonio, Port Davis, Sonora, Eastland Co., Round Mt. A little over half of these specimens are from the CAS collection. One specimen is labeled "St. Charles Mo.", very likely in error. Pall and Cockerell, 1907* p. 185* record this species from New Mexico. Variation - Only a few specimens are reddish brown in color, most of them being dark brown. This species is quite consistent in its morphology and the remaining variation is well covered in the description. Twelve specimens from Texas and New Mexico are labeled "nr. tumldus". In these the metastemal punctures are larger and denser than those of tumldus and the anterior tibia is flattened at the apex unlike that of tumldus. Unfortunately these specimens vary among themselves in other

characters and do not seem to represent a homogeneous group. 327 An additional 22 individuals from Texas, New Mexico and Arizona are placed near tumldus. These differ from tumldus in assorted characters from extent of gibbosity and form of pronotum to size and distinctness of the large punctures of the pronotum and metasternum. Discussion - No biological data is available from the

specimens. Pall (1905, p. 243) records the maximum size as 3.7 non. but the largest individual I have seen was 3.3 mm. On page 228 he records this species from twigs of fig. Tricorynus turbldus (Pall) n. comb. Figure 74 Catorama turbldum Pall, 1905* p. 254; Pic, 1912b, p. 71* Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Nearly uniformly reddish brown, abdomen a little lighter; elytra parallel-sided; body 1.7 to 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence somewhat sparse, very light yellowish; rather elongate in profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra large, moderate in density, not sharply impressed, those at side of pronotum as large, much denser, more distinctly Impressed, separated on an average by about one-third their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate in size, distinct, not dense, separated by 2.1 to nearly 2.4 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segnent nearly 1.3 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 2.5 times 328 as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus nearly two times longer than wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum distinctly bulging Immediately above anterior angle. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, not quite marginal, indistinct at basal third; posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum distinctly, nearly evenly rounded throughout; large punctures at center rather small, not dense, smaller, sparser laterally, nearly or just attain­ ing side, those at center much smaller, sparser than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a narrow, elongate fovea, a small, circular pit present internally. Length - 1.5 to 1.7 mm.

Male genitalia - These organs have not been seen. Ihe two individuals which were dissected were both females. Type material - The type is in the Horn collection at PANS and bears number 8213. It was collected in Georgia. It is nearly uniformly reddish brown in color, the eyes are separated by 2.35 times their vertical diameter and the length is 1.5 mm. Distribution - Only three individuals belonging to this species have been seen, one of these being the type, which was collected in Georgia. One specimen (female) was 329 collected at Leesville, Louisiana, the other (female) was collected at Winter Park, Florida. Variation - In the specimen from Leesville the large punctures at the side of the pronotum are just slightly smaller than in the other two individuals. Other variation of note is covered in the description. Discussion - This is one of the smallest members of the genus and probably averages smaller than any other. No biological information is available. This species can be separated from all others by the extremely large and dense punctures at the side of the prono­ tum and the small body size. It is a member of the confusus group and is most nearly related to auctus (Fall). For a discussion of the differences see under the latter species. Trlcorynus uniformls (Fall) n. comb. Figure 76 Catorama unlforme Fall, 1905* p. 244; Fall and Cockerell, 1 9 0 7, p. 185; Pic, 1912b, p. 71; Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Entire body reddish brown to dark brown, elytra usually feebly vittate, pronotum sometimes clouded with blackish, elytra at apical half often lighter along lateral margin and suture, head and abdomen usually lighter; elytra parallel-sided to somewhat broadened to middle; body 1.7 to 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, light yellowish; elongate in profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra very small, moderately dense, those 330 at side of pronotum distinctly smaller, a little denser, Just distinguishable from small punctures, separated on an average by nearly three times their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large, separated by 1.6 to 1.9 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment 2.0 to 2.3 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus nearly 3.0 times longer than wide; last segment of labial palpus nearly 2.0 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly flat front to back at side, posterior margin broadly turned inward. Elytra with two fine, distinct lateral striae, closer to margin than usual. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, distinct, marginal, usually indistinct at basal third, posterior groove distinct, marginal, complete; middle tibia with a fine, quite marginal, complete to nearly com­ plete groove. Metasternum somewhat rounded at center, evidently bulging at side; large punctures very small at center, moderate in density, not or feebly smaller laterally, nearly even throughout, noticeably larger, less dense than those at side of pronotum; not foveate at side. Length - 2.9 to 3-9 mm.

Male genitalia - Genitalia examination has shown all

eight specimens on hand to be females. Type material - Hie type is number 24721 in the Pall collection at MCZ. In the original description the locality 331 is given as "New Mexico (Mesilla Park)". I Interpret the locality label of the type as Mesilla Valley, New Mexico. The color of the dorsum is lighter than usual, the eyes are separated by 3*23 times their vertical diameter and the length is 2.2 mm. Distribution - Only nine individuals collected from March

to May have been seen. They are from the following local­ ities: TEXAS, Big Bend Ntl. Pk., Fort Davis; NEW MEXICO, Alamogordo, Mesilla Valley (type); ARIZONA, Tucson. Variation - Color is the most variable feature, it is discussed in the description. The elytral vittae are usually fairly evident but in one specimen they are nearly completely obsolete. Discussion - Fall (1905, p. 244) and Fall and Cockerell (1 9 0 7, p. 1 8 5) record this species from the pith of a dead sunflower stem. This is one of the few species which lacks distinct metasternal and metepisternal foveae. Uniformis is most nearly related to nubllus (Fall). See this species for a discussion of the differences.

Tricorynus vacuus (Fall) n. comb.

Figures 77, 151 Catorama vacuum Fall, 1905, p. 250; Pic, 1912b, p. 71; Leng 1920, p. 243. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum reddish brown to nearly black, head, abdomen and spical third of elytra 332 usually lighter; elytra parallel-sided; body 1.6 to 1.7 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, light grey­ ish to light;yellowish; robust, rather gibbous in profile, elytra noticeably tapering posteriorly; large punctures of elytra moderate in size, rather dense, those at side of prono­ tum equal in size to a little larger, much denser, separated on an average by less than their diameter. Head - Eyes rather large, separated by 1.5 to 2.0 times their vertical diameter, bulging a little more strongly than usual; eighth antennal segment 1.3 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus 2.3 times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus 1.6 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded at side, faintly to somewhat bulging above anterior angle. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, not quite marginal, indistinct or absent at basal half, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete or nearly so; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum nearly flat throughout to:a little bulging at side; large punctures at center moderate in size, rather dense, much smaller, sparser laterally, not to not quite attaining side, equal in size to a little larger, less dense than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with an elongate fovea, a small, circular fovea present internally. Length - 2.2 to 2.9 mm. 333 Male genitalia - Lateral lobes rather leg-shaped and broadest above middle; styli nearly straight and clubbed. Median lobe broadest at Its base, with two medium sized and one small process Internally. The genitalia of this species are distinguishable from those of moderatus n. sp. in that it possesses three instead of five internal spines of the median lobe. Type material - The type was collected at Tucson, Arizona on January 5* by Hubbard and Schwarz. It is type number 2^722 in the Fall collection at MCZ. Hie eyes are separated by 1.6 times their vertical diameter and the length is 2.5 mm. Distribution - A total of 19 individuals have been seen which belong to this species. They are all from Arizona and come from the following localities: Hualpai Mts., Tucson- Sabino Canyon, Baboquivari Mts.-Kits Peak-Rincon, Baboquivari Mts. (Baboquivari Canyon, W. si.), Santa Cruz Co.-Madera Canyon-Santa Rita Mts., Tumacacori Mts., Geronimo, Continental,

Baboq. Mts.- Browns Cn., Sahuaraita, Pima Co.-Sabino Cn.-

Catalina Mts., Canelo, Phoenix, Ruby, Avapai Co.-Kirkland- Peeples Valley. Fall records this species from Texas but I have seen no individuals from that region. It Is likely that he confused moderatus n. sp. with this species. Variation - The illustrated profile Is typical for this species but some individuals approach moderatus in having the elytra less distinctly tapering posteriorly. Ihe lateral 334 bulges of both the pronotum and metasternum range from feeble to rather evident. The large punctures of the metasternum usually nearly attain the side but in some they approach the condition in moderatus. Fifty-two specimens from Texas to Arizona have been labeled "nr. vacuus" because they cannot be definitely assigned to this species. Discussion - The eyes of the males average larger than those of the females but the ranges appear to overlap. Biological notes from the specimens are as follows: swept from alfalfa; sycamore, oak, mesquite; swept from mesquite. This species is most nearly related to moderatus n. sp. and the two are rather difficult to separate on the basis of external characters. The form in profile of vaouus is

usually more evenly tapering posteriorly (figure 77)* the pronotum at its side is less strongly bulging laterally and the large punctures of the metasternum usually more nearly attain the side. The most reliable character for distinguish ing them Involves the male genitalia. Bie median lobe of vacuus has three internal spines, that of moderatus has five. Also vacuus occurs only in Arizona and moderatus appears to be most common in Texas, only 3 of 185 individuals are from Arizona. 335 Trlcorynus validus (Pall) n. comb.

Figures 75> 152 Catorama valldum Pall, 1905* p. 252; Fall and Cockerell, 1907, p. 185; Pic, 1912b, p. 71; Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Distinctly reddish brown to rather dark brown and somewhat reddish, elytra usually vittate, head and abdomen usually lighter; elytra parallel-sided; body 1.7 times as long as wide, variation slight; pubescence moderate in density, very light yellowish; quite robust in profile, not at all gibbous; large punctures of elytra moderate in size and density, those at side of pronotum smaller, denser, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large to moderate, separated by 1.7 to 2.2 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.6 times as long as wide; last segnent of maxillary palpus nearly three times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.5 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum with greatest curvature at level of posterior angle, somewhat to evidently bulging above anterior angle. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove rather fine, marginal, incomplete at basal third to half, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum rounded at center, quite strongly bulging at side; large punctures at center 336 quite small, rather sparse, distinctly smaller, sparser laterally, not quite or just attaining side, those at center distinctly smaller, a little less to nearly as dense as those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with

an elongate, narrow fovea. Length - 3.5 to 4.0 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes broadest above middle; styli narrow, curving and not distinctly blubbed. Median lobe nearly parallel, with four medium sized spines inter­ nally. Type material - A specimen in the Pall collection at MCZ is designated on the determination label (apparently in Pall's handwriting) as type, however, it bears an MCZ para­ type label and the number 24723. I feel certain the museum designation is in error. It was collected in Texas by Belfrage. It is dark reddish brown dorsally, the eyes are separated by 1.8 times their vertical diameter and it is 4.0 mm. in length. Distribution - Only 10 specimens have been seen. The only dates of collection are April 1 and 10. Six of these specimens are from Kerrville, Texas (taken by Becker and Hbwden and from the CDA collection) the others are labeled simply "Tex.".

Pall and Cockerell (1907* p. 185) record this species from Alamogordo, New Mexico. Variation - Hie specimens exhibit no significant varia- 337 tlon beyond that covered in the description. Discussion - The eyes of the single specimen known to be a male are separated by 1.7 times their vertical diameter, those of the females are separated by 1.9 to 2.2 times their vertical diameter. It is possible that the sexes are separable on the size of the eyes. Valldus is most similar in external morphology to robustus (Horn) which, unlike this species, has the middle tibiae sulcate. Trlcorynus ventralis (LeConte) n . comb. Figures 78, 153

Hemlptychus ventralis LeConte, 1 8 6, 5 p. 240; LeConte, 1866, p. 57; Gemminger and Harold, 1869# p. 1784; Crotch, 1873* p. 8l; Hubbard and Schwarz, 1 8 7, 8 p. 6 5 8; Dury,

1879, P. 171; Henshaw, 1 8 8, 5 p. 84; Knaus, 1 8 8, 7 p. 8 7; Ulke, 1902, p. 23; Dury, 1902, p. 150. Catorama ventralis (LeConte), Fall, 1905, p. 239; Blatchley, 1910, p. 880; Pic, 1912b, p. 71; Leng, 1920, p. 243; White, 1962, p. 24. General - Uniformly light reddish brown to reddish black or nearly black, abdomen always, head sometimes lighter; elytra not parallel-sided, slightly widening to middle; body 1.75 to 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence rather sparse, very light grey, faintly yellowish; body in profile quite elongate, not at all gibbous; larger punctures of elytra extremely small, rather dense, just distinguishable from smaller punctures, those at side of pronotum equal in 338 size and density, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate in size, separated by 2.0 to 2.3 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally to very dis­ tinctly flattened; surface above and immediately adjacent to eyes very finely alutaceous; eighth antennal segment about 1.2 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 1.3 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly curving to side, side somewhat to distinctly flat front to back. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia with a single, fine, dis­ tinct, posterior stria, nearly to quite complete, more or less removed from margin; outer face more or less distinctly flattened at about apical half; surface usually very finely granulate; middle tibia with a fine, marginal, complete groove posteriorly. Metasternum nearly flat at center, distinctly rounded at side; larger punctures moderate in size and density at center, smaller laterally, evidently attaining side; larger punctures at center a little larger, less dense than those at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a single elongate fovea. Length - 1.9 to 2.4 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes widest near middle; sty11 curving and clubbed. Median lobe widest beyond middle with three rather large processes internally. 339 The genitalia of this species are very distinctive for the two crossing spines of the apex of the median lobe. Type material - Tie holotype is in the LeConte collection at MCZ and bears the type number 3637. It was collected in Illinois. It is dark reddish brown dorsally, the eyes are separated by 2.3 times their vertical diameter and the length is 2.0 mm. Distribution - Only 14 specimens besides the type, have been seen. These were collected from June to August from the following localities: MARYLAND, Plummers Id.; PTWNSY- LVANIA,. Castle Rock; ILLINOIS, Chester, Chicago; GEORGIA, Baker Co.; FLORIDA, Pensacola; LOUISIANA, Opelousas, Sabine R. Ferry; TEXAS, Columbus, Tatum. This species is very widely distributed but quite rate in collections. No institution has contributed over three specimens. Fall (1905* p. 239) also records this species from New Iberia, Louisiana. Knaus (1887* p. 8 7) recorded this species from Kansas, this record should be confirmed before it is accepted. Variation - The variation in color is more extreme in this species than in nearly all other members of the genus. On one extreme is a specimen which is uniformly light reddish brown and on the other is one which is quite black dorsally and just faintly reddish. Both are from Texas and agree in essential characters. 340

A single specimen from Yuma, Arizona has been labeled "nr. ventralis". The anterior tibiae are not flattened and the metasternum is but faintly rounded laterally with the larger punctures easily attaining the sides. It is likely distinct. Discussion - No biological data is available for this species. The eyes of the females are somewhat to very distinctly flattened. In the males they are somewhat flattened to normally bulging. Also those specimens with very flat eyes show a broadly bulbous condition of the head above the eyes. Hie only other member of the genus similar to this species in possessing two elytral striae and a single stria on both the anterior and middle tibia is carinatus (Pall). The latter can easily be distinguished from this species in that the metasternum is distinctly carinate, in this species it is not. Tricorynus vestitus (Pall) n. comb.

Figures 79 > 145 Catorama vestltum Pall, 1905, p. 242; Pic, 1912b, p. 71; Leng, 1920, p. 243; Boving, 1954, p. 147. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum light to dark reddish brown beneath pubescence, head and abdomen usually lighter, pronotum sometimes clouded with blackish or even completely black; elytra parallel-sided; body averaging 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence quite dense, almost conceal­ 3^1 ing surface sculpture, very light yellowish; elongate in profile, not at all to very faintly gibbous; large punctures of elytra very small, moderate in density, those at side of pronotum equal in size or a little largery denser, distinctly crescent shaped, posterior rim obscure or absent, anterior edge raised, separated on an average by about their diameter. Head - Eyes fairly large, separated by 1.8 to 2.0 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment almost two times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about three times as long as wide; last segment of labial palpus about 1.2 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum evidently broadly inflated at level of hind angle. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal or nearly so, indistinct at basal third, posterior groove strong, not marginal, complete; middle tibia finely, completely grooved along posterior margin. Metasternum distinctly rounded at center, strongly bulging to nearly inflated at side; larger punctures at center small, moderate in density, much smaller, sparser laterally, broadly absent at side, those at center dis­ tinctly smaller, less dense than large punctures at side of pronotum; anteriorly at each side with a single, elongate, very narrow fovea. Length - 2.1 to 3.9 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes widest near middle and indented apically; styll faintly curved and clubbed. Median 342

lobe nearly parallel, emarglnate apically, two medium sized and two small processes present Internally. Type material - The holotype was taken at Yuma, Arizona, on July 3* 1895- It Is In the Pall collection at MCZ and bears the number 24724. Distribution - A total of 189 specimens have been seen. These were collected from May to September from the following localities: CALIFORNIA, Riverside, Pasadena, Imperial Co., Burbank, Glendale, Mecca, San Bernardino, Holtville, Bakers­ field, Ventura Co.; ARIZONA, Temple, Tucson, Sahuarlta, Organ Pipe Nat. Mon., Baboquivari Mts., Gila Bend, Catalina Mts., Ajo, Patagonia, Graham Co., Phoenix, Port Yuma, Maricopa Co., Yuma Co., tflckenburg, Magna, Pima Co., Hack- berry; NEVADA, Lincoln Co. Variation - The most variable character is body size. Some individuals seem excessively small, however, they agree in all essential characters and the male genitalia are identical with that of normal sized individuals. The degree of inflation of the side of the pronotum varies within fairly narrow limits. In some it is very dis* tinctly inflated and in others it is only somewhat inflated. Discussion - The following data is from the specimens "sycamore-oak-mesquite", "swept-alfalfa11. Boving (1954, p. 147) provides two biological notes on this species, they are as follows: in pith of dried okra stalks; in grass stem. 343 In some Individuals which are In very good condition there are vague Indications of vlttae of pubescence. This is never distinct. The crescent shaped punctures of the pronotum are a character not possessed by any other species In our fauna. This plus the very dense pubescence and elongate form make this species easily recognized.

Trlcorynus yjtiosus (Pall) n. comb.

Figure 81 Catorama vitiosum (Pall), 1905* p. 234; Pic, 1912b, p. Jl; Leng, 1920, p. 243. General - Dorsal surface and metasternum brown to dark reddish black, elytra a little lighter apically, head and abdomen a little lighter than remainder; elytra parallel- sided; body about 1.6 times as long as wide; pubescence some­ what sparse, very light yellowish; rather gibbous in profile; large punctures of elytra rather small, fairly dense, tho86 at side of pronotum about equal in size to a little larger, separated on an average by less than their diameter. Head - Eyes moderate in size, separated by about 2.2 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal segment about 1.2 times as long as wide; last segnent of maxillary palpus about 3*0 times as long as wide; last seg­ ment of labial palpus about 2.0 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum rounded to side, nearly flat from front to back. Elytra with no evidence of lateral striae. 344

Ventral surface - Anterior and middle tibia with no dis­ tinct striae, posterior groove of anterior tibia sometimes very feebly indicated at basal third. Metasternum rounded at center, distinctly bulging at side; large punctures at center rather large, fairly dense, slightly smaller, sparser laterally, easily attaining side, those at center a little larger, less dense than large punctures at side of pronotura; anteriorly at each side with two oval foveae, inner one smaller. Length - 2.0 mm.

Male genitalia - These have not been seen. Type material - A specimen in the USNM collection from San Diego, Texas, (April 23, Chittenden collector) bears a USNM cotype label and the number 21086. It was not designated as type on the determination label by Pall, so it is hereby acknowledged as the lectotype of vitlosus. It is rather gibbous in profile, the eyes are separated by 2.2 times their vertical diameter and the length is 2.0 mm. Distribution - The type (from San Diego, Texas) and another individual from Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville, Texas, are the only North American Individuals of the species which have been seen. Two other specimens from Tamaullpas, Mexico have been examined. The description is derived from the North American specimens. Variation - The form in profile is the most variable char­ acter in the four individuals (two from Mexico). The type 345 and the other Texas specimen are rather gibbous In profile. One Mexican specimen is rather broadly, evenly rounded In outline and in the other the profile in outline is not gibbous nor evenly rounded but rather strongly arched dor-

sally. Discussion - Only aberrans n. sp. is similar to this species in lacking distinct tiblal and elytral grooves and it is probable that they are most nearly related to each other. Aberrans is distinctly more gibbous than vitlosus, the terminal palpal segments are notched (normal in vitlo- sus), and the large punctures at the side of the pronotum are much smaller than in this species. Also aberrans is known only from Florida and vltiosus only from Texas. Tricorynus vlttatus n . sp. Figures 80, 134 General - Dorsal surface rather light reddish brown, meta­ sternum darker, head and abdomen lighter than above, pronotum sometimes blackish, elytra usually very feebly vittate;

elytra parallel-sided; body 1.7 to 1.8 times as long as wide; pubescence moderate in density, distinctly light yellowish; elongate in profile, distinctly gibbous; large punctures of elytra quite small, moderately dense, those at side of pro­ notum a little smaller noticeably denser, separated on an average by about 1.5 times their diameter. Head - Eyes rather large, separated by 1.8 to 2.0 times their vertical diameter, bulging normally; eighth antennal 346 segnent nearly 1.4 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus over two times longer than wide; last seg­ ment of labial palpus about 1.6 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface - Pronotum nearly evenly rounded at side to very slightly inflated. Elytra with two distinct lateral striae. Ventral surface - Anterior tibia bistriate, anterior groove fine, marginal, incomplete at basal third to half, posterior groove fine, distinct, not marginal, nearly com­ plete; middle tibia not grooved. Metasternum nearly flat throughout to just faintly rounded throughout; large punc­ tures rather small, moderate in density, quite evenly dis­ tributed throughout, distinctly larger, less dense than those at side of pronotum; lacking distinct foveae. Length - 2.7 to 3*3 mm.

Male genitalia - Lateral lobes incurving and indented apically; styli stout, straight and somewhat clubbed. Median lobe broadest at base with one large and one small, ill-defined object internally. Type material - Holotype (male), Hamilton Co., Kansas, 3,350 ft., F. H. Snow. Allotype and a paratype with same data (all in UK). 3Vo paratypes with above data in HEW collection. Two specimens, not paratypes, are in UK. One lacks data and the other is labeled as above specimens but lacks a head. 347 The type Is 3.3 mm. in length and is typical in all essential characters. The feeble elytral vittae are present. Variation - TSie few specimens before me are extremely consistent in their morphology. One paratype (in UK) differs , somewhat from the others in that the pronotum is rather black­ ish and there is no evidence of elytral vittae. Discussion - The specific name refers to the indistinct vittae which are usually present on the elytra of this species. Vlttatus.is most nearly related to consobrinus (Pall) and imitans n. sp.. It can be distinguished from both by its range and the light reddish brown color. Also it is more elongate in profile than either and it lacks a distinct metasternal fovea which the other two possess. Both this and Imitans n. sp. would be considered sub­ species of consobrinus were it not for the distinct genitalic differences. SPECIMENS OP INCOMPLETE SERIES During this study individuals were encountered which almost certainly represent undescribed forms but which were represented by inadequate series and thus were not described. The more distinct of these are discussed below. Example 1. Two females (Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, July 14, 1936, J. N. Knull, 1 in OSU, 1 in REW) possess many of the essential characters of megalops n. sp. and are quite similar in general fascies, but are smaller, 2.3 mm. (versus 2.5 to 2.9 mm.) in length, the form in profile is decidedly less elongate than megalops. and the larger punctures at the cen­ ter of the metasternum are large and very distinctly impressed, being obviously larger than those at the side of the pronotum. In megalops the large punctures at the center of the metasternum are equal in size to the large punctures at the side of the pronotum. No males of this form have been seen.

Example 2. A single specimen from Texas, collected by Belfrage (in MCZ) keys to megalops n. sp. but is very clearly distinct due to its very small size (2.1 mm. in length), larger metasternal punctures which Just reach the sides, much stouter profile, and form of the frons which strongly produced for­ ward and meets the clypeus at nearly a right angle. The frons of megalops is quite normal, it meets the clypeus in nearly a flat plane. Bie genitalia have not been seen.

Example 3. A single individual in the OSU collection from Hidalgo Co., Texas, April 7> 1950, collected by D. J. and J. N. Knull, keys to and is probably most closely related to punctulatus (Lee.). It is 2.6 mm. in length, reddish brown in color and possesses all the essential characters of punc­ tulatus except the elytral striae are very short, commencing opposite the anterior edge of the third complete abdominal segnent, and the head is unusually large, much in the manner of gracilis (Pall). It is almost surely distinct from punctulatus. Example 4. T»o individuals in the author's collection from Dunwoody, Georgia collected by E. P. Menhinick in 1955 with a light trap, are nearest obscurus n. sp. and dlchrous (Fall) but appear distinct. Both are apparently males as the eyes are quite large (separated by 1.4 times their vertical diameter). They can be separated from obscurus on the difference in eye size (separated by 2.3 to 2.5 times their vertical diameter in obscurus) and by the much more distinct larger punctures of the dorsal surface. The presence of these large punctures serves to distinguish these from dlchrous. These two individuals give little or no idea as to the individual or sexual variation and it is essential that this be known in species belonging to the nigritulus group in which the species are separated by minute and difficult to interpret characters.

Example 5. A single individual from Roaring River State Park, Missouri, collected on June 15* 1954 by J. W. Green (in CAS) is near nlgritulus (Lee.) but quite distinct from it. It is 2.1 mm. in length, black above and reddish black beneath, much more elongate in profile than nlgrltulus, the large punctures of the dorsal surface are distinctly smaller, and the eyes are much larger, being separated by about 1.3 times their vertical diameter. This character alone is sufficient to distinguish it from nigritulus. The last antennal segment (which is all that is visible of the antennae) is much larger than that of nigritulus. 350

Example 6 . One specimen (Browns Cn., Baboquivari Mbs.,

Arizona, June 27, 1955, MVZ) is closest to arizonicus n. sp.. The eyes are larger (separated by 1.5 times their vertical diameter), the body is somewhat gibbous in profile (similar to gravis (Lee.)), and the large punctures of the metaster­ num are evenly distributed throughout (distinctly smaller, sparser laterally in arizonicus).

Example 7. One specimen, 2.4 mm. in length, from Salt Lake City, Utah, in ANSP, is nearest (Lee.). It differs in the following respects: the body is extremely elongate in pro­ file, the elytra are rather light reddish brown (lighter apically) and the pronotum, head and metasternum are mostly blackish, the metasternum is nearly flat throughout, the middle tibia bears traces of a groove, and the eyes are fairly large and separated by 2.0 times their vertical diameter. Only this single specimen of this obviously distinct species has been seen.

Example 8. A single male from Brownsville, Texas (in OSU) is quite similar to gracilis (Fall). It is orange in color, 2.1 mm. in length, the eyes are separated by 1.6 times their vertical diameter, the head is rather large, and the antennal club is as in gracilis. It differs in that the middle tibia is apparently not grooved, both elytral grooves are evident, though the upper is quite short, and the punctures of the dorsal surface (especially on the pronotum) are distinct. 351

Also the male genitalia differ markedly. These are dis­

cussed under gracilis. PLATE I

T. confusus (Fall) ventral view, density of punctures and pubescence reduced for clarity. 353 PLATE II abbrevlatus (Lee.) abdomlnalis n. sp. aberrans n. sp. abruptus n. sp. angustus (Pall), holotype. arizonicus n. sp., holotype. abnormls n. sp., holotype. blfoveatus n. sp.

(lines represent 1 mm.) 3 55 396

PLATE III

XO. T. californlcus californicus n. sp., n. sbsp.

11. T. confusus (Fall).

12. T. borealis (Lee.).

13. T. casfcaneus (Ham.).

14. T. auctus (Lee.).

15. T. clcatrlcosus (Fall).

16. T. coactus n. sp.

17. T. earlnatus (Fall), holotype.

(lines represent 1 mm.) 3 5 7 358

PLATE IV

18. T. densus (Fall).

19. T. debills (Lee.), holotype.

20. T. consobrinus (Fall).

21. T. congruus (Fall).

22. T. dlchrous (Fall).

23. T. conophllus (Fall).

2.K. T. con.lunctus (Fall), holotype.

25. T. dlspar (Fall), holotype.

(lines represent 1 mm.) 351

0

A 360

PLATE V

26. T. elutus n. sp.

27. T. gracilis (Pall), holotype.

28. T. fastlgiatus (Pall).

29. T. falll (Pic), holotype.

30. T. extremus n. sp.

31. T. florldanus (Pic).

32. T. exiguus (Pall).

33. T. estrlatus (Horn).

(lines represent 1mm.) 3&1 362

PLATE VI

34. T. gravis (Lee.).

35. T. guttlformls n. sp.

36. T. lndlstlnctus (Fall).

37. T. herbarlus (Gor.).

38. T. lnaequalls (Fall).

39. T. latus (Horn).

40. T. lentus (Fall).

41. T. glbbulus glbbulus (Fall)

(lines represent 1 nun.) 3£3

3 5 3 4

3 6 3 7

3 8 3 9 364

PLATE VII

42. T. mancus (Pall), holotype.

43. T. Inflatus n. sp.

44. T. lanceolatus n. sp.

45. T. nlgrlpennls (Fall).

46. T. lucldus n. sp.

47. T. luteotectus (Pall).

48. T. moderatus n. sp.

49. T. megalops n. sp.

(lines represent 1 mm.) 3 h 366

PLATE VIII

50. T. mutans (Pall).

51. T. obliteratus n. sp.

52. T. nlerltulus (Lee.)

53. T. nubllus (Fall).

54. T. punctulatus (Iec.).

55. T. obscurus n. sp.

56. T. obsoletus (Lee.), holotype.

57. T. plnguls (Pall).

(lines represent 1mm.) 3 ^ 7 368

PLATE IX

58. T. palliatus (Pall).

59. T. parvus (Pall), holotype.

60. T. punctatus (Lee.)

61. T. platyops n. sp.

62. T. rotundus (White).

63. T. porosus (Pall).

64. T. politus (Pall).

65. T. robustus (Horn).

(lines represent 1 mm.) 3(r4

5 9

6 0

6 3

6 2

6 4 65 370

PLATE X

66. T. texanus n. sp.

67. T. productus n. sp.

68. T. posticus (Pall).

69. T. slml11s (Lee.).

70. T. tabacl (Guer.).

71. T. puslllus (Lee.).

72. T. tropicus n. sp.

73. T. tumldus (Pall).

(lines represent 1 mm.) 3 ?!

66 6 7

7 2 7 3 372

PLATE XI

7 4. T. turbidus (Pall).

7 5. T. valldus (Fall).

7 6. T. unlformls (Pall).

77. T. vacuus (Pall).

7 8. T. ventralis (Lee.), holotype.

7 9. T. vestltus (Pall).

80. T. vlttatus n. sp.

8 1. T. vltlosus (Pall), holotype.

(lines represent 1 ram.) 3 73

< 7 4

7 6 7 7 5T4

PLATE XII

82. T. abberans n. sp.

8 3. T. abdomlnalis n. sp.

84. T. abbrevlatus (Lee.).

8 5. T. abnomis n. sp., holotype.

86. T. auctus (Lee.).

8 7. T. arizonlcus n. sp.

88. T. abruptus n . sp., holotype.

8 9. T. borealis (Lee.).

go. T. blfoveatus n . sp., holotype. 3 7^

82' 84 83

86 85 87

88 89 9 0 < 3?6

PLATE XIII

91. T. cioatrlcosus (Fall).

92. T. castaneus (Ham.).

9 3 . T. callfornlcus n. sp.

9 4. T. confusus (Fall).

9 5 . T. coactus n. sp.

9 6 . T. congruus (Fall).

9 7 . T. consobrlnus (Fall).

9 8 . T. debills (Lee.).

9 9 . T. densus (Fall). 377

'92

9 3 '

94 96

n

97 98 99 378

PLATE XIV

100. T. elutus n. sp.

101. T. dlchrous (Pall).

102. T. fastlglatus (Fall).

103. T. exlguus (Fall).

104. T. estrlatus (Horn).

105. T. glbbulus (Fall).

106. T. floridanus (Pic).

107. T. gracilis (Fall).

108. T. extremus n. sp. 3 7*

MU

101 102 100

V.

103 105 104

107 108 380

PLATE XV

109. T. gravis (Lee.)*

110. T. guttlformls n. sp.

111. T. lnaequalls (Fall).

112. T. herbarlus (Ctor.).

113. T. lmltans n. sp., holotype

114. T. lndlstlnctus (Fall).

115. T. Inflatus n. sp., holotype.

116. T. lanceolatus n. sp.

117. T. latus (Horn). 3 *3 /

110

109

114

113 112

vV 117 115 116 3 ‘B2

PLATE XVI

118. T. lentus (Pall).

119. T. lucldus n. sp.

120. T. mancua (Pall).

121. T. megalops n. sp., holotype

122. T. moderatus n. sp.

123. T. nlgritulus (Lee.).

124. T. nlgrlpennls (Pall).

125. T. luteotectus (Pall).

126. T. mutans (Pall). 3 93

»

119

118

i > * • \XJ 123 121

V / ?

124 125 38ft

PLATE XVII

127. T. nubllus (Pall).

128. T. obscurus n. sp.

129. T. palllatus (Fall).

130. T. parvus (Pall).

131. T. plnguls (Pall).

132. T. obliteratus n. sp. holotype.

133. T. obsoletus (Lee.).

134. T. vlttatus n. sp.

135. T. platyops n. sp. 5 9 5

128

If \%

//«

s 386

PLATE XVIII

136. T. polltus (Fall).

137. T. slmllls (Lee.)

138. T. posticus (Fall).

139. T. porosus (Fall).

140. T. punetulatus (Lee.).

141. T. rotundus (White).

142. T. robustus (Horn).

143. T. puslllus (Lee.).

144. T. tabaci (Guer.). 3 <3 7

136 138 137

139

140

143 1 4 2 144 388

PLATE XIX

145. T. vestItus (Fall).

146. T . tropicus n . sp.

147. T. tibialis n. sp., holotype.

148. T. texanus n. sp., holotype.

149. T. punctutus (Lee.).

150. T. tumldus (Fall).

151. T. vacuus (Fall).

152. T. valldus (Fall).

1 5 3. T. ventralls (Lee.). 327

145 146 147

149

148 150

no //

151 152 153 390

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Those references marked with an asterisk have

not been seen.

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Houghton, C. 0. 1905. Coleoptera at light in Delaware. Ent. News, 16(7):210-13. Hubbard, H. G. and E. A. Schwarz. 1878. The Coleoptera of Michigan. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., 17(101):593-666. Illingworth, J. P. 1917* (Catorama mexicana feeding in slippers). Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. 3(4):2Bl. 1 9 3 9. (Catorama mexicana Chev.). Ibid., 10(2):l80-8l. Illingworth, J. P., Q. C. Chock, 0. H. Swezey and D. T. Fullaway. 1931. (Catorama boring wood for pupation). Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., 8(3):331-32. Jepson, P. P. and C. H. Knowles. 1920. Division of Ento­ mology. Ann. Rept. Fiji Dept. Agric., 1919* Suva. Council Paper No. 6 5, p. 57-61.* Knaus, W. 1885. Additions to the Catalogue of Kansas Coleop­ tera for 1883 and 1884. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 9:57-61. 394

1887. Additions for 1885 and 1886 to the list of Kansas Coleoptera. Ibid., 10:86-8. Kotinsky, J. 1907. A new book and leather pest, (Catorama mexicana Cher.). Haw. Forest, and Agric., 3(4):117-18. Lacordaire, J. T. 1857. Kistoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres vol. 4. Paris: XdLbrairie Encyclopedique de Roret. 579 p. LeConte, J. L. 1 8 58. Description of new species of Coleop­ tera, chiefly collected by the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission, under Major W. H. Qnory, USA. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 59-89. 1863-6 6. List of the Coleoptera of North America. Smiths Misc. Colls., 140:1-78. 1865. Prodromus of a monograph of the species of the tribe Anobiini, of the family Ptinidae, inhabiting North America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Soc. Phil., 222-244. 1878. Additional descriptions of new species. In Schwarz, The Coleoptera of Florida. Proc. Amer. Phila. Soc., 17(101):373-434. LeConte, J_ L. and G. H. Horn. 1 88. 3 Classification of the Coleoptera of North America. Smiths, Misc. Colls., 26(507):L-xxxviii, 1-567. Leng, C. W. 1910. Notes on Coleoptera collected in northern Georgia. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., l8(2):71-82. 1920. Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico. Mount Vernon, N. Y.: J. D. Sherman, Jr., 470 p. 1928. Order Coleoptera. In Leonard, A list of the insects of New York. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem., 1 0 1:203-5 2 0. Leng, C. W. and W. T. Davis. 1924. List of the Coleoptera of Staten Island, New York. Proc. Stat. Isl. Inst. Arts Sci., 2(1'): 1-90. Leng, C. W. and A. J. Mutchler. 1914. A preliminary list of the Coleoptera of the West Indies as recorded to Jan. 1, 1914. Bui. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33:391-493. Lever, R. J. A. VJ. 1938. Local insect pests of books and their control. Agric. Jour. Dept. Ag. Fiji, 9(4):18. 395. 1943. Division of Entomology, annual report for 1942. Ibid., l4(3):83-5. 1944. Division of Entomology, annual report for the year 1943. Ibid., 15(3):73-5. .-- 1945. Pood preferences of some beetles for stored pro­ ducts. Ibid., l6(l) :8. Loding, H. P. 1945. Catalogue of the beetles of Alabama. Geol. Surv. Ala., Monograph 11, 172 p. Moore, I. 1937. A list of the beetles of San Diego County, California. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Occ. Paps., 8(2):1-109. Morgan, A. C. 1913. An enemy of the cigarette beetle. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 15(2):89. de Oliveira, S. J. 1944. 0 Dicloro-Difenil-Tricloroetana (DDT) no combate as brocas de livros: Dorcatoma biblio- phagum e Catorama herbarium (Coleoptera, Anoblidae). Re vista de iSnt., 15(3):325-28. Perkins, R. C. L., H. Scott and D. Shapr. 1913* Coleoptera (various). In Sharp, Fauna Hawaiiensis. 3(5)5581-0 6 6. Pic, M. 1905. Captures diverses, noms nouveaux et diagnosis (Coleopteres). L'Echange. 21(250):169-71* 1912a. Notes sur quelques insectes nouveaux ou peu connes, mutations et synonymies. Mel. Exot. Ent., 2:14-6. 1912b. Family Anobiidae. In S. Schenkling, Coleopter- orum Catalogus. Berlin: W.Tunk. 10(48):1-92. 1912c. Quelques mots sur la classification des "anabiides". Echange. 28:47-8.*

1927. Nouveautes diverses. Mel. Exot. Ent., 48:1-32. Popenoe, A. E. 1878. Additions to the Catalogue of Kansas Coleoptera. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 6:77-86. Quaintance, A. L. 1896. Insects Injurous to stored grain and cereal products. Flor. Ag. Exp. Sta. Bui., 36:358-85. Reed, W. D. and J. P.. Vinzant. 1942. Control of insects attacking stored tobacco and tobacco products. U. S. Dept. Ag. Circ., 635:1-40. 396. Reitter, E. 1 8 9 7. Zehnter Beitrag zur Coleopteren-fauna von Europa and den angrenzenden Landern. Weiner Ent. Zeit., 16(7):203-06. Runner, G. A. 195-9. The tobacco beetle; an important pest in tobacco products. U. S. Dept. Ag. Bui., 737:1-77. Sakimura, K. and M. B. Linford. 1940. An annotated list of insects from Lanai. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., 10(3):451-54. Sawaya, M. P. 1955. Observacoes sobre Catorama herbarium Gorh. (besouro bibliofago) e respectiva simbiose. Arqui. Zool. Sao Paulo. 0 (9 ): 305-31* 20 figs. Schwarz, E. A. 1913. (Catorama tabaci Guerin in tobacco in the United States). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 15(2):89-90. Smith, J. B. 1900. Insects of New Jersey. Report of the State Board of Agriculture, Supplement. 7— p., 328 figs. 1910. The insects of New Jersey. New Jersey State Museum, Annual Report. 880 p., 340 figs. Snow, F. H. 1903. Lists of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera collected in Hamilton, Morton and Clark counties, Kansas, 1902 and 1903. Kan. Univ. Sci. Bui., 2(4) :191-208. 1907. List of Coleoptera collected in New Mexico by the entomological expeditions of the University of Kansas. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 20(2):l65-89. Strong, L. A. 1920. Report for the month of October, 1920. Month. Bui. Cal. St. Dept. Ag., 9(12) :724-27. Swezey, 0. H. 1919. Maui Insect notes. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., 4(l):2-3. 1933. (Cephalonomia peregrlna Westw. a parasite of Catorama mexlcana Chevr.7)• Ibid., 13(2):226. 1938. (Catorama mexlcana Chev.). Ibid., 10(l):19-20. 1953. (Catorama herbarium Gorham from cacao beans). Ibid., 15(1):1. Tanner, V. M. 1934. Coleoptera of Zion National Park, No. 2. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 27(l):43-9. Taylor, R. L. 1928a. The destructive mexican book beetle comes to Boston. Psyche, 35(l):44-50. 1928b. A foreign book pest enters Boston. Jour. Econ. Ent., 21:626-27. 397 Tenhet, J. N. and C. 0. Bare. 1951- Control of insects in stored and manufactured tobacco. U.S.D.A. Circ., 869:1-32. Timberlake, P. H. 1924. Records of the introduced and immigrant chalcidflies of the Hawaiian Islands (Hymenoptera). Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., 5(3):4l8-449. Timberlake, P. H., E. M. Ehrhorn and 0. H. Swezey. Report of committee on common names of economic insects in Hawaii. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., 4(3):607-09. Ulke, H. 1902. A list of the beetles of the District of Columbia. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 25(1275):1-57. U.S.D.A. Farmers Bulletin. 1955. Stored grain pests. U.S.D.A. F. Bui. by Stored products insects section, biological sciences branch, Agric. Mktg. Serv. F. Bui., 1260, rev. 1-46. Veitch, R. and W. Greenwood. 1921. The food plants or hosts of some Fijian insects. Proc. Linn. Soc. New So. Wales, 46(4):505-17. Waterhouse, G. R. 1849. (Ttoo insects from Barbados). Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. lxviii-lxx. Weiss, H. B. 1919. Catorama nigritulum Lee., and its Fungus host. Canad. Ent., 51(11):255-56. Weiss, H. B. and R. H. Carruthers. 1936. The more important insect enemies of books and a bibliography of the litera­ ture. Bui. N. Y. Pub. Lib., 40(9):739-52, 2 pi. Wetmore, A. 1916. Birds of Puerto Rico. U.S.D.A. Bui., 326:1-140. White, R.E. i9 6 0 . Four new eastern species of drug store and deathwatch beetles (Coleoptera: Anobiidae). Ohio Jour. Sci., 60(4):235-38, 4 figs. 1962. The Anobiidae of Ohio (Coleoptera). Bui. Ohio Biol. Surv., N.S., l(4):l-58, 28 figs. 1963. The mexican book beetle (Catorama herbarium Gorh.) established in the United States (Anobiidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 56(3):280-85. Wickham, H. F. 1895. A list of some Coleoptera from the northern portions of New Mexico and Arizona. Bui. Lab. Nat. Hist. St. Univ. Iowa, 3(3):153-71. 398 -1896. The beetles of southern Arizona. Ibid., 4(1):295-312. 1911. A list of the Coleoptera of Iowa. Ibid., 6(2):l-40. Wolcott. G. N. 1936. "Insectae Borinquenses" a revision of Insectae Portoricensis". Jour. Ag. Univ. P. Rico, 20(1):1-627, figs. 1941. A supplement to "Insectae Borinquenses". Ibid. 25(2):33-158. Zesch, P. and 0. Reinecke. i860. list of the Coleoptera observed and collected in the vicinity of Buffalo. Salem, Mass.: G. A. Bates. 14 p. Zimmerman, E . C . 1939. (Catorama mexlcana 1 synonym). Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., 10(2):373* 1940. On the genera of Anobiidae and Ptinidae found in Hawaii (Coleoptera). Ibid., 10(3):467-70. 399

AUTOBIOGRAPHY

I, Richard Earl White, was born in Akron, Ohio,

August 23, 1933. I received my secondary-school education in the public schools of Springfield Township, located south of Akron. My undergraduate training was taken at Akron University, where I received the Bachelor of Science degree in 1957. In 1959 I received a Master of Science degree from The Ohio State University. During the work for this degree, and while completing the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree I was an assistant in the Zoology-Entomology Department.