VII.
ROMAN COINS FOUND IN SCOTLAND. BY Miss ANN . ROBERTSONES , M.A., F.S.A.ScoT.
n 191 I r GeorgSi 8 e Macdonald publishe e Romath a lisdf o tn coins which had been found in Scotland up to tha,t date.1 To this he added three supplementary lists, the last of which brought the record of Roman coins found in Scotland up to the year 1939.2 After Sir George Macdonald's death in 1940 the task of collecting information about such finds passed suggestioe th t Societe a th , f Antiquarief no me yo o t Scotlandf o s I d an , hav thano et Societe k th privilege givinpleasurr e th th yfo e d gm f an eeo continuin wore gth k which gav r GeorgeSi muco es h satisfaction oftee H n. importance th f o spoke m thesf eo eo t e find archaeologicas a s historicad an l l evidence. The following list includes bot Romae hth n coins which have been found in Scotland since 1939 alsd oan , those coins which were found earliert bu , about whic informatiow hne s comn ha ligh o et t since that lise datetTh . has been divided into four parts: . FINDA S FROM ROMAN SITES. B. FINDS FROM NATIVE SITES. . ISOLATEC D FINDS WIT RECORDEO HN D ASSOCIATIONS. . HOARDSD .
1 Proa. Soc. Ant, Scot., ff 3 vol(1918). . 20 Hi . . pp , » Ibid., vols. Mil. (1924), pp. 325 ff.j Ixviii. (1934), pp. 27 ff.; Ixxiii. (1939), pp. 241 ff. 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1949-50.
The finds within each of these four groups have been arranged according countieso t convenience th r ,fo thosf eo e collating material fro mparticulaa r area. Coin references have been given both to Cohen, Description historique des Monnaies frappees sous VEmpire romain (2nd ed., e 1880-92)th o t d an , relevant volumes of Mattingly and Sydenham, Roman Imperial Coinage (1923-49), if these have already been published. The present locus of a coin find, where known, has also been noted. I should like her acknowledgo et kindnese eth co-operatiod san e th f no countless informants who not only supplied details of the coin finds, but who also mad examin o t t epossibli e m identifd r ean e fo y almost everyone of the coins myself. A. FINDS FROM ROMAN SITES. AYRSHIRE. Loudoun Hill.—Two denarii f Domitiao n were foun n 194i d 8 during excavations conducted by Dr J. K. S. St Joseph on the Roman site at AUanton Beg, near Loudoun Hill, which he had himself discovered in 1938. Dr St Joseph identified five occupation periods, four Flavian and one Antonine.1 The two denarii were minted in A.D. 90-91 (C. 264 and R.I.C. R.I.Cd an 1 . 27 169) . . (C 2 A.Dd 9 Althoug154an . ) h easily legible, thee yar not in the finest condition, but show an appreciable amount of wear. As these denarii were unstratified, they cannot be assigned with absolute certainty to the Flavian occupation of the site, and so they should not themselves be regarded as proof that the Flavian occupation lasted until some time after , howeveA.D92 . r probabl othen o e rb e groundsy thisma . Roman silver coins had a very long circulation life, and imperial denarii of Flavian r eveo , n earlier, date fain i , r condition, occu mann o r y mid- second-century sites tako example T eon . e only Antonine th , e Wall fort of Balmuildy yielded a denarius of Vitellius (A.D. 69), very heavily corroded,
but not so heavily worn. From the Antonine Wall sites at Old Kilpatrick 3
and Cadder, too, have com2 e denarii of Galba (A.D. 69), Vespasian (A.D. 70), 4 and Domitian (two, one of A.D. 76—79 and one of A.D. 92), all in fair con- dition. Admittedly these two sites, unlike Balmuildy, have provided evidence for a brief occupation by Agricolan troops, who might have dropped first-century denarii. But they could not have dropped all four of these denarii, indeef i d they droppe Vespasiae themf o th r s y fo d, an wa A.Df 0 no 7 . a stratified find fro e Antoninmth e sacellumKilpatrickd Ol t a . Again, Romano-Britise th h hoard silvef so r coins which wer reigne th los f n i tso Antoninus Pius, Marcus r Commoduso , whicd an , h have been adequately
1 Journal of Roman Studies, vols. xxix. (1939) . 201p , ; xxxvii. (1947) . 165p , ; xxxix. (1949). 98 . p , 2 S. N. Miller, The Roman Fort at Balmuildy (1922), p. 111. 3 S. N. Miller, The Roman Fort at Old Kilpatrick (1928), p. 33. John Clarke Romane Th , Fort t Caddera (1933). 82 . p , 4 ROMAN COINS FOUN9 13 N SCOTLANDDI .
recorded, have all* been foun contaio dt n Flavian denarii, man f whicyo h wer excellenn ei t condition citee example b f man on o dy s t A yma eou . the newly discovered Briglands hoard, buried in or after A.D. 186, which
contained 19 Flavian denarii out of a tota2 l of 161 coins examined. Several of these 19 show only the slightest traces of wear. There is no doubt that Flavian denarii in fair condition were still in circulation during the second secone halth f fo d centur Domitianio tw ye A.DTh . c examples from Loudoun Hill may, then, have been lost either in the Antonine or in the Flavian occupation of the site. e Oothenth r hand e denariusth , f Augustuso , whic r GeorghSi e Mac- donald recorde havins da g been foun t AUantoda 1831,n i probabls g n3Be wa y e Flaviath los n i t n occupation. Heavy, high quality denarii f Nero d oan earlier emperor virtualld sha y disappeared from circulatio Antonine th y nb e period. denariio tw e DomitiaHunteriaf e o th Th n i e nar n Museum. DUMFRIESSHIRE. Birrens.— Mr. BA . Truckell, Curato e Burgth f o rh Museum, Dumfries, informes ha tha e twelve dm th t e coins excavatione founth n di t Birrensa s 193 n i 1937d included 6an r Georgan , Si y db e Macdonal lass hi t n dlist,i 4 are now in the Burgh Museum. Carronbridge.—Mr Truckel s alsha ol reported thaa tr durinwa e gth bronze coin of Antoninus Pius was found within, or immediately without, the subsequently discovered marching camp and permanent enclosure (?) t Carronbridge.a 5 Milton (Tassiesholm).—In 1938 Mr John Clarke found an as of Vespasian during his excavation of the Antonine fortlet at Milton. The reverse is illegible, and the com is so much corroded that it is impossible to tell how much actua lundergond weaha t i r e before being lost. Roman imperial copper had a comparatively short circulation life, and, since the coin was straa t stratifiee b y no fortlet e y fro adjacenth e ma mn dth i t i , t first-century forts, discovered sinc eClarke.r 193M y 8b 6 ThHunteriae eth coin i s ni n Museum. DUNBARTONSHIRE. Bearsden.—In 1949, the Glasgow Art Galleries and Museum acquired a slightly worn bronze coin (a follis) of Constantine I (C. 534), minted at The "all" is important, in view of the conception of coin hoards referred to below, p. 152. 1
belowe Se 2 . 149p , .
3 Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. lii. (1918) . 237p , . 4 Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. Ixxiii. (1939), p. 241.
' Journal of Roman Studies, vol. xli. (1951), p. 59. 8 Trans. Dumfries and Galloway Nat. Hist, and Ant. Soc., vols. xxiv, p. 1; xxv. p. 10; xxvi. p. 133; xxvii. p. 197; xxviii. p. 199. 140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1949-50.
Londonbeed ha n t turneI . aboup du t three years previousl Charler M y yb s Murray, 39 Ashburn Road, Milngavie, while he was employed in digging e garde Roma6 th 1 f no n Road, Bearsden. Antoninn a Ther s ewa e Wall fort at Bearsden, but the coin of Constantine I does not, of course, prove a Roman reoccupation of the site in the early fourth century A.D. Kirkintilloch.—In December 194 Johr 9M n Clarke showe bronza e dm e coin of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I (A.D. 527-65), minted at Antioch, which was supposed to have come from Kirkintilloch. This, however, is doubtful, and even if the coin had been picked up at Kirkintilloch "it may have bee nmodera n loss.
MIDLOTHIAN. Inveresk.—In 1950 the Inveresk Churchyard Committee presented to the National Museu Antiquitief mo ssestertiusa Hadriaf o n which'had recently been foun Inveresn di k Cemetery (Lai . 828a f coirNo e , o sectios nTh i . nG) type whic apparentls hwa y unknow e editor Coheo th nt d f Romano snan Imperial Coinage. The description is: Obverse, IMP CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVG Bust laureate r., with a little drapery on 1. shoulder. Reverse, MON[E]TA AVGVSTI S C Moneta standing 1., holding scales and cornucopise. The coin has a fine green patina, and shows a fair amount of wear. It must, of course, have been lost during the occupation of the Antonine fort which s Professoa , r Richmon s partlshownw ha dno ys i , covere cemetery.e th y db 1 e Burgth Thern i h , Museumeis , Dumfries, an Alexandrian bronze coin of Numerian, date A.Do dt . 283—84 envelope Th . e containin labelles i t gi d "Copper coin found at Inveresk. J. K. Hewison." Several other Alex- andrian coins have been foun Scotland n doftei s i t i n t difficulbu , decido t t e whether they were los n ancien i tn moder i r o t n times t leastA e .th , Numerian from Inveres Romaa t los y no b t s nk wa occupan forte th .f o t
PERTHSHIRE. Coupar Angus.—In March 1945 Mr Charles Gavine, 74 Torrisdale Street, Crossbill, Glasgow, showe e sevem d n coins "foun t a Camd p Muir (i.e. Lintrose), Coupar Angus, about fifty years ago, when making coal houses e railway.foth r coine Th s" wer ewora n denarius f Juliuo s Csesa 41). (C r; slightla y worn Alexandrian bronze coi Diocletianf no , date A.Do dt . 292-93; unworo tw n bronze coin 519). s C (folles) d ,Constantinf minteo an 9 29 . d (C . eI at Alexandria and, possibly, Trier; two fairly well worn bronze coins of .ZElia Flacilla, wif Theodosiuf eo minte, 4) . t s(C Antiochd a Honoriuf o d an , s (C. 56), minted at Constantinople; and a much corroded copper coin of, apparently, Faustin adeifiedI , wit reverse hth e type uncertain.
1 Journal of Roman Studies, vols. xxxvii. (1947) . 165xxxviiid p , an , . (1948). 81 . p , ROMAN COINS FOUND IN SCOTLAND. 141
denariuse Th of Juliu scoppee Csesath d rran coi apparently, nof , Faustina I deified, may possibly have been dropped by Roman troops at Lintrose, but the other five, if lost in ancient times, must have belonged to native North Britons. ROXBURGHSHIRE. Newstead.—A well-preserved aureus R.I.Cd f Trajao an 9 .n 32 310 . (cf.C ) was found during Professor lan Richmond's excavations at Newstead in 1947. It is in the National Museum of Antiquities.
. FINDB S PROM NATIVE SITES. ARGYLLSHIRE. Campbeltown.—In May 1938 Mr J. Mackenzie, then Librarian of the Campbeltown Library and Museum, reported that about thirty years previousl yschoolboa y brough late th e Alexo t . Flemin Kilmahf go owora n denarius , R.I.CTrajaf o 81 . n.(C 121) "found unde ford surface ol t rth n a n ei at Balergie (on Mr Fleming's estate)," about four miles from Campbeltown. EAST LOTHIAN. Traprain Law.— s lasInhi t r lisGeorgSi t e Macdonald recordee th d discovery of two additional coins at Traprain Law—a denarius of the Roman Republi anothed can , probablyof r , Hadrian—durin Stewarr gM t Cruden's investigation of the structure of the rampart.1 Mr Cruden's report on his excavations appeare dyeaa r later included an a thir, t ddye denarius,f o Vespasian (C. 366 and R.I.C. 90).2 The Traprain Law coins are in the National Museum of Antiquities.
MORATSHIRE. Culbin Sands.— s thirInhi d r lisGeorgSi t e Macdonald recordee th d discovery of a fairly well-preserved denarius of Hadrian (C. 393 and R.I.C. Culbie 178th n )o n Sands Henderso. , A whic r beed M hy ha nb nshowm hi o nt Bishop.3 Mr Bishop has recently presented his collection of antiquities to the Hunterian Museum, and the material from the Culbin Sands has been found to include, besides the denarius of Hadrian, another Roman com. It is a worn sestertius of Antoninus Pius (C. 320 and R.I.C. 767a).
ROXBURGHSHIRE. Hobkirk.—Dr K. Steer, of the Royal Commission on Ancient Monuments, draws ha attentioy nm passaga e O.So nt th .n ei Nam e Boo r Hobkirkfo k
1 Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. Ixxiii. (1939), p. 242. 2 Ibid., vol. Ixxiv. (1940), p. 67. » Ibid., vol. Ixviii. (1934), p. 29. 142 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , 1949-50.
parish, which states that several Roman coin reportee ar s havo dt e been foun"forte th n di " inch 6 marke( XXXO.Se p N , th ma .Wauchopn n do )o e Rig, hal mila f e south-east of Dykeheads detail o coine N giventh e .f sar so . Dr Steer adds that the "fort" has almost entirely gone, but what survives look st Roman nativno d ean .
C. ISOLATED FINDS WITH NO RECORDED ASSOCIATIONS. ARGYLLSHIRE. Cowal.—Mr C. M. Macdonald, Twynholm, Sandbank, has directed my attentio followine th no t g Henderson' . notG n ei s Norse Influence Scotlandn i (1910) n.9 coin:3 d . ",p Ol s have been found here (i.e. Ormidaln i Cowal)en i ; one of them, kindly sent by Mrs Burnley Campbell, was submitted to Dr George Macdonald, who clearly deciphered it as a bronze com of the Roman Emperor GaUienus." Cowal (Glen Tarsari).—In October 1948 Mr F. W. Bruce, of the Resident Engineer's Office, Cowal Hydro-Electric Scheme, Glen Tarsan, submitted for identificatio bronzna e coin whic beed hha n found during recent engineer- in Brucgr sitee worM th .en k o state d that "the founcois smala nwa n di l knoll about twenty feet fro roae mth d through Glen Tarsa . e 836)n(B Th . knoll, which has now been partly excavated, is a rock outcrop with a red boulder clapead yan t overlay totae th , l thicknes overlaf so y being between bouldee feet4 Th d . 2an r removeclas ywa d partl machiny yb partld ean y by hand, and the coin was located on the rock after the removal of the soil beford an rocblastede s eth k wa t doe I t appea. sno r possible, thereforeo t , givestimatdepte y eth poinan lying e t whics o ht a s On shoulI wa tea .t h i d like to make, however, is that, when picked up, the coin was thickly coated with a black deposit." Mr Bruce's account of the circumstances of discovery has been given in full orden i , establiso t r probabilite hth y tha loscoie s ancientn th ti tn wa , rather than in modern tunes. For it is a Greek imperial coin of the Emperor Commodus, minted at Gaza in Judea (cf. Macdonald, Catalogue of Greek Coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet, vol. iii. (1905), p. 284, Gaza, No. 10), and intende circulatior dfo n primaril Judean yi s appearancIt . Scotlann ei s di therefore surprising, where, eve Roman ni n times t i mus, t have beena curio rather than a piec currencyf eo . Norte Th Scotlanf ho d Hydro-Electric Boar presentes dha coie dth o n t Huntee th r Coin Cabinet.
AYRSHIRE. Irvine.—In August 1945 I was asked to identify a bronze coin of Con- stantin fain i reI conditio 536). n(C , probably minte t Romeda , whicd hha ROMAN COINS FOUND IN SCOTLAND. 143 been found about 1930 by Mr Ernest Walker, 246 Bearsden Road, Annies- land, Glasgow, on the "sandhills at Irvine. It had been exposed to view by wine th d blowing awa sande yth . BANFFSHIRE. Cullen.— Britishe Inth Numismatic Journal, vol. iii. (1907) . 329p r , M , Fraser. GM . , then Libraria Aberdeef no n Public Library, refers papea n i , r on "Treasure e NortTrovth f Scotland,n ho i e o "t "a coi f Claudiuo n s Gothicus, A.D. 268-70, foun t Cullen.da havI "t bee eno n abl traco et y ean other referenc thio et scholarlines e s th find t bu , Mf so r Fraser's paper suggests that he must have had good authority for his statement.
DUMFRIESSHIRE. Dumfries.—Mr A. E. Truckell, Curator of the Burgh Museum, Dumfries, has reported that about 1934—35 a Roman silver coin was found during excavation e constructioth r fo e sDumfrie th f o n s reservoir t Glenkilna , , som milex esi s north-wes towne th f o t. DUNBARTONSHIRE. Dumbarton.—In March 1950 Mr William Campbell presented to the Hunterian Museum a fairly well worn bronze coin of Constantine II, Csesar (C. 10), minted at London. Mr Campbell stated: "I have grounds for supposin havo t t gi e been retaine workmaa y db n about eighty yearo sag when a number of coins were found near Dumbarton and claimed by the authorities." The only other record of a Roman coin find from Dumbarton seemthae b t o r sGeorgt note Si y db e Macdonal firss hi t n dlisti , where eh refers to the discovery of a bronze coin of Vespasian in 1858.1 Inveruglas.—The Hydro-Electric Boar s anothedha s rcredit it fin o t d . 194n WilliaI r 6M m Wardlaw, then livin t Arrocharga , discovere ddupondiusa oa spo f Locn t R.I.Cd o Claudiua t an ) h 1 67 Lomondsid.. (C s e between Tarbet and Ardlui, near the Inveruglas Burn, where the first of the Board's new power station beins roaw wa s gdne builtlyincoie s a n Th wa go . whic beins hwa g laid fro e maimth ne powe roath o dt r y stationma t I . therefore have been brough spolorre a th n i ty o t loa roaf do d material from anothe rsurroundine parth f to g coiheavil e areas nTh wa . y wor mucd nan h discoloured, probably through having been long embedde soiln di . Westerton.—In July 1950 Mr Henry Mooney, 10 Seafield Crescent, Banff, sent to the Glasgow Art Galleries and Museum for identification five bronze coins whic believee hh s wer l founeal d between 194 gardee 194d th 1 an n 7i n Stirlin4 o3 f g Avenue, Westerton ,s the wherwa n e living h ee coin Th s.
wer l muc eal possibls hwa wornt coloniai a identifo et t s a bu ,e lyon coif no Proc.1 Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. Iii. (1918), p. 244. 144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1949-50.
Augustus, minte t Cordubda Spainn ai Claudiuf ,o anothes a n a s s (probablra y C. 47 and R.I.C. 69), a third as a "second brass" of Magnus Maximus (C. 3), minted at Lyons, and a fourth as a "second brass" of Honorius (C. 20), minte muct Antiocho da s s fifthe worwa hTh . onlns thaywa identifiablt ti e as a Roman or Greek imperial bronze coin of the first, second, or early third century A.D.
FTFESHIKE. (Exact provenance unknown.) In December 1950 Mr J. G. Scott, Curator of Archaeology in Glasgow Art Galleries and Museum, showed me a fairly well worn bronze coin of Constantine I (C. 254), probably minted at Aries. . Quigleyownee e coinE r th Th Crosslef M ,7 o r 20 , t Road, Dumbarton, said it was "excavated in 1939 in Fifeshire." Further inquiries were made by bot Scotr myselfhd M tan failet ,bu elici o dmort y tan e details. LANARKSHIRE. Glasgow (Pollokshields).—In 194 r Jame2M s Reid, then teachinn i g Pollokshields Secondary School, Glasgow, showed me a slightly worn bronze coin of Constantius II (C. 95), minted at Alexandria. It had been found by one of his scholars, about January 1942, on the surface of the ground at the Recreation Park beside Pollokshields Public Library. It may possibly be a modern loss. Glasgow (Bridgeton Cross).—In October 1944 three bronze coins were brickword ol n site a foun f th e o k n do nea r Bridgeton Cross, Glasgowe On . was a sestertius of Faustina II (C. 270 and R.I.C. Marcus, 1685), another was a bronze coin of Constantius II (C. 44 ff.), and the third was a bronze coin of Valentinian I (C. 37). All three coins were worn. Glasgow (Queen's Park).—In March 1945 Mr Charles Gavine, 74 Torris- dale Street, Crossbill, Glasgow, allowe examino t e dm eslightla y wors na ofR.I.Cd ; Drusuan 2 . Tiberiu(C s s 26), datin A.D o g, t whic 23 .d bee hha n foun Aprin di l 1922 durin e constructiogth e Publith f no c Bowling Greens in Camphill Grounds, Queen's Park. Glasgow (Moray Place).—Mr Gavine also tol thae dm t very many years ago, probably about 1875, Roman (?) coins were found on a small hillock which stood at what is now the junction of Moray Place and Vennard Gardens, Strathbungo. Mr Gavine put me in touch with his informant, Mr William Taylor, who was over eighty years of age in 1945, and who as a boy of ten or twelve had often seen coins picked up by the potato-diggers in the field then called Moray Park. The coins "were all of copper about penn siza e littl a f th et o eybu thicker, Taylor M d r" an believe d thee b mo t Roman, theso yf I wer. e probably imperial bronz ee firstcointh f ,o s second earlr o , y third century A.D. ROMAN COINS FOUN5 N SCOTLAND14 DI .
Glasgow (Govern).—In January 194 r Willia8M m Houston Gova9 57 , n Road, Glasgow, S.W , reporte1 . e discoverdth f whayo tn a prove e b o dt Alexandrian bronze coin of Diocletian, dated to A.D. 284—85, which had been found wit hvera y worn copper pennbace th kn y i garde housa 8 f 4 n o t ea Swinton Drive, Glasgow, S.W. 2, occupied by a Mr Harkness. Mr Houston added: "It seems that there had been a bit of a hole in the garden and some Alsatiabee d t roughla ha nd g pawin feeno an e do depte yt th ti th tw f gn hi o corns were turned over. This house is in a fairly new housing scheme . . . the houses being built near the foot of a hill. The point is, however, the tenant is not sure whether the hill was excavated at that point in order to foundatione th y la whether so broughs soip rto lwa t from another sourcr efo this purpose." Glasgow (London Road).—In June 1950 an antoniniamis of Diocletian R.I.Cd an (C3 .3 . 256), minte t Sisciada "foun s Clyde bane th , th wa f kn eo d o off London Road, near Belvidere Hospital, abou centre embanke th tth f eo - ment, and at a depth of about 3 inches," according to information given by Mr Gordon Farmer to Mr J. G. Scott. The coin is in the Glasgow Art Galleries and Museum. Glasgow (Knightswood).—In September 1950 I was asked to identify a worn bronz eByzantine coith f no e Emperor Justi nI (A.D . 518-27), minted t Nicomediaa , which "was unearthe Pikema5 5 gardee . th No n dni f n o Road , Knightswood, by the tenant, Mr Armstrong." Glasgow (Greenfield).—Miss Shirley Smith Cardowa8 25 , n Road, Glasgow, E. 2, has informed me that in October 1950 her brother found a slightly worn bronze coin (a follis) of Licinius I (C. 43), minted at Alexandria, lying o na roa d running from Greenfield e sit Roaf whath o e o dt t e b use o dt Greenfield Farm, south-east of Carntyne, Glasgow. Rutherglen.—In July 1947 the Rev. Mr Finlayson showed me a much corroded bronzConstantinf o m eco eI (probabl 199). yC , with uncertain mint- mark, which had been found in double trenching a garden at 179 Stonelaw Road, Rutherglen, in the spring of 1947, by the tenant, Mr Hyndman. Salsburgh.—In April . HarrisoJ 194 r 3M n Maxwels la showen a e dm of Nero, with obvers, P eP legenP NERP R T dIM X O CAESAMA P G RAV and reverse legend and type obliterated. It had been found in a garden at Salsburgh in the spring of 1932, and had subsequently been used as a button. Thankerton.—In 1938 Mrs Dunn, of Carstairs, presented to the Hunterian Museu mfairla y well worn bronze coi Constantiuf no 46). (C , minteI sI t da Alexandria. It was said to have been found at Thankerton, but no further details could be obtained. Wishaw.—In July 1950 a slightly worn sestertius of Philip I (C. 26 and R.I.C. 168) was turned up, at about a spade's depth, in the garden of VOL. LXXXIV. 10 146 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , 1949-50.
Mr J. Healy, 27 Gateside Road, Wishaw. The appearance of the coin suggeste groune dbee d th considerabla tha ha r n ni dt fo i t e time. The com is still in the possession of Mr Healy. EAST LOTHIAN. North Berwick.—In July 1950 Mr R. B. K. Stevenson sent for examina- tion a fairly well worn antoninianus of Diocletian (C. 542), which had recently been fiel a picke n di immediatelp du norte th n hyo sid Nortf eo h Berwick Law Stevensor M . n suggeste possibilite dth y tha e coid th tn ha reached the field in a load of rubbish from the town. Nationae th coie n i s nTh i l Museu Antiquitiesf mo . Gullane.—In January 194 r Joh6M n Fraser reporte e Nationath o dt l Museu f Antiquitiemo e discoverth s a fairl f o yy well worn denarius of Hadrian (C. 212 and R.I.C. 116) in a bunker on Gullane Golf Course. The coin is in Gullane Golf Club House. MIDLOTHIAN. Corstorphine.— . StevensoK . InB . 194R nr 6discovereM Nationae th n di l Museum of Antiquities an antoninianus, of good white metal, of Valerian (C. 140 and R.I.C. 106), minted at Rome. The coin is much worn and part of it is broken off. The accompanying label reads: "Found by a labourer when excavatin ghousa e foundatio t Corstorphine.na " Edinburgh (Borough Muir).—Dr W. Douglas Simpson has reported that, n 1949i Alexandrian a , n bronze coi f Aurelianno , date A.Do dt . 275s wa , Borouge th picke n o hp d u Mui t Edinburghra possibly ma modera t e I yb . n loss. Granton.—In April 1948 Mr Alex. Taylor, Station Houses, Trinity Crescent, between Granton and Newhaven, found a very slightly worn denarius Macrinuf o a,h6 9 d. R.I.Cs(C n feeta 3 . n o i deptt a ,43) t 2 a ,f ho allotment about fifty yards from the shore. Nationae th coin e i s nTh i l Museu Antiquitiesf mo .
MORAYSHIKE. Forres.—In 1947 Mr John Austin, Hamewith, Forres, found a slightly worn bronze coin of Honorrus (C. 23) during excavation work in the High Street, Forres find-spoe Th . abous i t hundreta d yards fro foundatione mth s of the castle. The com is in the Falconer Museum, Forres. In 1950 Mr Austin sent for identification a slightly worn Constantinopolis coin of Constantine I (C. 21), :minted at Thessalonica, which had been dug up by him in his garden at Forres many years ago. Falconee th Thi n i ss i comr o Museumto . , Forres. ROMAN COINS FOUND IN SCOTLAND. 147 PEETHSHIBE. Crieff.—Mr Angus Graham Royae th f o ,l Commissio Ancienn no t Monu- ments s recordeha , e facth dt that "a gold coin wit e legenhth d DIVA AVGVSTA MARCIAN Asais i havo dt e been foun data t dea unspecifiet da Croftnappoch, Crieff, but no details are at present available." 1 Doune.—In December 1950 Mr A. M. Crichton, McLaren High School, Callander, reporte R.I.Cd Vespasiaf an o d 1 s .a tha 48 528) . n a t n(C , fairly well worn and much corroded, had been found in the garden of Violet Bank, Dounee propert e coith r Jame s Th ni M .f yo s Kelly Wes8 , t Cottages, Deanston, school PerthshireCrichton r i loae n M o us o n t s .r i nt fo bu , St Fillans.—In June 193r JohM 8n Ritchie, then Directo f Perto r h Museum and Art Gallery, informed me that there were in the Museum two Roman bronze coins which had been ploughed up by Mr Kay of Wester Dundearn, St Fillans, in the field west of the St Fillans burial ground of Stewarte th Ardvorlichf sRepublicao a s i e On . n firse semisth tf o centur y B.C., and the other is a Greek imperial coin of Gordian III, issued at Thessalonica. (Exact provenance unknown.) In 1947 Captain Gardner, F.S.A.Scot., presented to the Paisley Museum a slightly worn as of Hadrian (C. 1196 and R.I.C. 576) whic believee hh beed dha n foun Perthshirn di e abou yearo tw t s before. RENFREWSHIRE. Gourock.—In April 1948 Mr James Lynch showed me an Alexandrian bronze coi f Diocletianno , date A.Do dt . 287-88, whic beed hha n founy db his grandfather Arthur M , r Taylor t aboua , beginnine th t e warth n i ,f go earth throw durinp nu diggine gth foundationf go air-rain a r fo sd shelten ri Hospital Street, Gourock. Hawkhead.—In 1950, a fairly well worn bronze coin of Constantine I (C. . Munr254)s gardeC hi r ,n M oi minte n y b t p Nicomediada u g du s wa , at 426 Crookston Road, a cottage in the grounds of Hawkhead Mental Hospital. The coin is still in Mr Munro's possession. Paisley.—In January 1949 Mr lan Macdonald, 16 Arlington Street, Glasgow , showe3 a fairl. C e , dm y well worn denarius f Antoninuo s Pius d R.I.Can 4 .deifie 16 Marcu . (C d s 436), whic d beeha h n "foune th n i d vicinity of Paisley Reservoir about 150 years ago." It is still in the possession of Mr Macdonald. Paisley (Elderslie).—In June 1950 Mr Peter McDermid, 187 Greenend Avenue, Johnstone, brough e Paisleth o t ty Museu r identificatiomfo a n rathe rR.I.Cd f Domitianworan o 8 s n.a fairl a 38 728 . d y(C ).an -well worn 1 Journal of Roman Studies, vol. xxxli. (1942), p. 107. 148 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , 1949-50.
bronze coin of Galeria Valeria, wife of Galerius (C. 5 or 6), minted at Antioch, whic saibeee d hh dha n found along wit hPaislea y Communion Token (dated 1809) "when a bridge was demolished at Stoddarts' carpet factory, Elderslie, Paisley." WIGTOWNSHIRE. Stranraer.—See under "Hoards."
ISLANDS. Harris.— e Hunteth Theren i , r is Coi n Cabinet fairla , y well worn coin of Drusus, son of Tiberius, which was issued at Italica, in Spain. The description is: Obverse, DRVSVS CAESAR TI AVGr F Head bare r. Reverse, MVNIC ITALIC Legionary eagl standard ean d betwee ensignss o nwa tw t I . presente . PatricJ r M ky db som e time befor labelles er 1936wa M d y db , an Patrick: "Foun Harris,n di " Skye.—In 1943 the Hunter Coin Cabinet acquired a fairly well worn as of Marcus R.I.Cd an , 9 Caesa. 78 Piu . (C rs 1362), whic founs h wa 187n di n 0o banke rivea th f so r near Dunvegan ,Webster r SkyeD y b ,doctoe th , t a r Dunvegan.
UNCERTAIN LOCALITY. In March 1949 Mr J. Gallagher, Balura, Kingston Road, Bishopton, showe antoninianusn a e dm Maximiaf o n (C/31 R.I.Cd 1an . Diocletian 622), minted at Antioch. He stated that it had been " found on a farm in Scotland," but could not add any further details.
. HOARDSD . ABERDEENSHIRE . Aberdeen.— firss Inhi t lisGeorgr Si t e Macdonald recorde discovere dth y of a Roman coin hoard near Aberdeen, quoting as authority Alexander Gordon's Itinerarium Septentrionale (1727) . 186.p , littlA 1 e mor- in e formation about what is presumably the same hoard is given by Mr G. M. Fraser, then Librarian of Aberdeen Public Library, in the British Numismatic Journal, vol. iii. (1907) . 329p , s followsa , : "The largest fin f Romao d n coin thibanke n Deese i th sth n f regio,so o abou s milen wa tte se westh f o t city of Aberdeen. About eight miles from the city is the well-marked site of a military camp, known locally as Norman Dykes. ... It was in the immediate neighbourhoo thisf do , that many numbeyeara o sag silve f o r r coins were foun mossa n di . Their precise denomination t appeano o so d rt
have been ascertained beyond the fact that they were coins of the empire, Proc.1 Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. Iii. (1918) . 270p , . ROMAN COINS FOUND IN SCOTLAND. 149 suppositioe th d an thats ni somr fo , e reaso otherr no , the beed yha n buried neighbourhooe th n i came th f pdo whe returs n hi Agricol n no s marcawa h from the north."
KlNCARDINESHIEE. Cowie Moss, Stonehaven.—Sir George Macdonald discussed, also in his first list, a hoard of denarii, ranging from Vespasian to Severus, which was found at Cowie Moss in 1843 or 1844. That the year of discovery was 1843
t 184 proves no i 4 d nota an y Archceologiadn eb i Aeliana, vol . (1855).iv , 7 . ,p 1 and by a hitherto unpublished entry in the British Museum Register of Coin Accessions, which records tha n 10to t h June 184 e Britis6th h Museum received three denarii of Vespasian, Trajan and Pius, "found at Blackburn of Muchall in the County of Kincardine in 1843. Presented by H.M. Excheque Scotlandf ro , transmitte Remembrancer.e th y db "
KINROSS-SHIRE. Briglands, Rumbling Bridge.— s lasInhi t r lisGeorgSi t e Macdonald recorde discovere dth denarii,9 f yo ranging from Oth Commoduso t Lorn ,o d Clyde's estat f Briglandso e , Rumbling Bridge. e suggesteH 2 d that they must have formed a hoardpar f o t . This suggestio beew no n s connha - firmed by the discovery, on the same spot, of four further lots of 105, 21, 24, and 2 denarii, during 1948, 1949, and 1950. Mr J. C. Clyde, Q.C., M.P., reported the discovery of these denarii to Dr K. Steer, of the Royal Com- missio Ancienn no t Monuments, who, wit r Clyde'hM s permission, passed the coins on to me for identification. Dr Steer has also visited the site of the discovery and describes it as follows: "They (the corns) were found in the roots of a larch tree (123 years old when felled two years ago) two-thirds of the way up the steep left (east) bank of the River Devon, and a quarter of a mile above Rumbling Bridge (6-inch Kinross-shire, XXV N W: MR 36/17998). The first coins were discovered at the mouth of a rabbit-burrow, and the rest have been found by tunnelling under the tree stump. ... I was told that ther beehoarde d corth o eha t ntha n o coin e t bu , th t s have been found in batches of six or so at intervals along the cutting which has now gone abou feetx si t . thus ..i t sI . quite uncertain whethe have rw e got eve majoe nth rhoare parth date.f o dt o " generae Th l appearance distributione th d ,an denarii e founr th fa f o ,o ds t Briglanda s leav doubo en t that the same caml th y al ed ehoard an fro e mon . In view, however, of the possibility that the further search which is planned by Mr Clyde and Dr Steer may yet bring to light more members of the hoard, t seemi s advisable t thia , s juncture publiso t , h briefl e cointh lisa yf s o t found so far (including the 9 seen by Sir George Macdonald), and to postpone Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. lii. (1918), p. 267. Ibid., vol. Ixxiii. (1939), p. 245. 1 2 150 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , 1949-50.
to a later date a full discussion of the contents of the hoard and its historical significance. The 161 denarii recovered so far are as follows:—
Nero 2 Antoninus Pius 27 Otbo 1 Pius, deified 1 Vitellius 1 Faustina I 2 Vespasian 6 Faustin , deifieaI d 10 Titus, under Vespasian 2 Marcus, Caesar 5 Domitian, under Ves- Faustin , underaII Pius 3 pasian 2 Marcus 20 Titus 1 Marcus, deified 1 Julia Titi 1 Faustina II, under Marcus 8 Domitian 7 Faustina II, 'deified 2 Nerva 3 Lucius Verus 3 Trajan 21 Lucius Verus, deified 1 1 Traja ) n(? Lucilla 2 Hadrian 19 Commodus, Csesar 1 Sabina 1 Commodus 7
161
coin7 e OCommodusf so th f Augustuss a ,A.D f o s A.Df i . o 180e e . on ,181 on , , A.Df o o . 182r tw Georg(seee Si ,on y nb e Macdonald A.Df o ) . f A.D183o e . ,on 184, and one of A.D. 186-87. The hoard must therefore have been hidden away some time after A.D. 186—87. The good condition of the latest coins suggests that they had not been long in circulation before the date of con- cealment thato s ,presen n o , t evidence data , e shortly after A.D. 186—8r 7fo buriae th thf lo e Briglands hoard seem probablsa othee eth onen r O hand. , Sir George Macdonald though t likeli t y e thae hoar th s losth t n i tdwa campaigns of Severus in A.D. 209-11. The discovery of further coins at Briglands may, it is hoped, help to fix the date of burial and loss more securely.
LANARKSHIRE . Braco, Shotts.—In 1842 ] a hoard of several hundred denarii was found t Bracoa , Shotts. Fourteen were presente e Nationath o t d l Museuf mo Antiquitie 1852n si werd ,an e describe Proc.n di Soc. Ant. Scot., vol . (1854)i . , p. 72, and six others were examined by Sir George Macdonald in 1921.2 In 1947 other six denarii from this hoard were submitted to me for examina- tion by Dr G. Thomson, Department of Chemistry, Glasgow University.
1 1852, rather thacorrece th ne 1842b t y dat discovery,f ma eo . 2 Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. Iviii. (1924), p. 329. ROMAN COINS FOUN N SCOTLANDDI . 151
They are of Vespasian (C. 386 and R.I.C. 65), Domitian (two: cf. C. 248 and R.I.CR.I.Cd an 3 .. 27 135166) R.I.Cd . C an ; ,7 Traja. 46 165) . d (C n, an Hadrian (two: C. 1162 and R.I.C. 110; C. 1411 and R.I.C. 274). These six denarii are in Airdrie Museum and Public Library. Torfoot, Strathaven. — In his discussion of the hoard of about 400 denarii found in a glass bottle at Torfoot, near Strathaven, Sir George Macdonald e difficultreferth o t s f decidino y g whethe e dat th rf discover eo s 180ywa 3 or 1805 correce Th .1 t dat shows ei Marce b o nt h accounto 1803tw y ,b f so the find which were published in the Annual Register for 1803, p. 378, and in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1803, p. 274.
WIGTOWNSHIRE. Balgreggan, Stoneykirk. —M r R. B. K. Stevenson recently permitted me examino t 11e e9th coins from this hoard, whic preservee har Nationae th n di l Museum of Antiquities. The coins, all brass, appear to be a little more legible now, possibly through further cleaning, than they were when Sir George Macdonald examined them. e followinTh 2a revise s i g d lisf o t them: 3 —
1 Constantin eI Constans 22 Constantine I, deified 1 Constantius II or Constans 15 Helena 1 Magnentius 55 Constantinopolis 1 Decentius 1 8 1 Constantiu I sI Uncertain 4
119
Stranraer.—In May 1949 Dr John Allan, then Keeper of Coins in the British Museum, sent me the following note: "A collector (Mr W. Redfern, 9 Westmorland Grove, Norton, Stockton-on-Tees) sent me a bronze coin of Constantine I (Reverse, SARMATIA DEVICTA Mintmark PTR) which he got from a soldier during the war who said he found it while making a drain in a camp near Stranraer. His share of the find was about 50, but he disposed of all the coins one by one." Unfortunately, no other details of this find have com lighto et .
Afivw s ether no list e Romaf esar o n coin finds from Scotland, published t intervala Proceedingse th n si ove perioa r morf do e than thirty yearst i , seemes ha d desirabl deviso et e some mean bringinf so g togethe compacn ri t form the information contained in the lists. It was obviously impossible,
1 Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. lii. (1918), p. 260. Ibid., vol. xlviii. (1814) . 395p , .
2 It is hoped to publish a detailed description of these coins in the Numismatic Chronicle. 3 152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1949-50.
however, to republish all the finds in the detailed manner in which they first appeared. Instead, therefore materiae th , s beeha l n presente tabulan di r form, so that anyone concerned with coin finds of a particular emperor, or of a particular metal, or from a particular area, may see at a glance whether such find they s nexistma referd an ,desirablef i , five th e o detailet , d lists. The tables include three out of the four groups of Roman coin finds, as follows:— A. FINDS FROM ROMAN SITES. These have been further divided into two sub-groups: 1. ON THE ANTONINE WALL. 2. NOT ON THE ANTONINE WALL. B. FINDS FROM NATIVE SITES. C. ISOLATED FINDS WITH NO RECORDED ASSOCIATIONS. These isolated finds were scattered too thinly over too large a number opossible f b find-spot o t compreso t et i r fo s s them int e samoth e kinf do e findtablth ss ea fro m Roma nativd nan e sites. Insteado , tw ther e ear tables of isolated finds, one listing them in chronological order, under emperors, and the other listing them in topographical order, under counties. e fourtTh h grou f coio p n finds—Hoards—ha t beeno s n tabulated, because they will, I hope, form the subject of a more detailed discussion elsewhere. Also, their omission makes it possible to evade, for the time being, the criticism of those who hold the view that coin hoards were, in many cases, not drawn from the contemporary currency in general circula- tion, and so should not be used in conjunction with other coin finds to throw light on the currency of any particular period. An analysis of the 1300 or so hoards of Roman coins found in Britain has convinced me that this view is not entirely correct, but this is not the time to argue the point. It must suffice, meanwhile, to allow the other three groups of Roman coin finds from Scotland to throw their own light on the Roman currency in use in Scotland. The table e largelar s y self-explanatory s alsi e accompanyin oth s a , g diagram illustratin e chronologicath g l distributio e findsth f .o n Both tables and diagram do in fact emphasise many of the observations made long ago by Sir George Macdonald.1 There is, for example, a striking difference in the distribution of the Roman coins found on Roman sites on, and off, the Antonine Wall. The Antonine Wall finds all fit neatly into place within the framework of a currency typical of the Antonine period, while the finds from Roman sites not on the Wall point clearly to both a second- century occupatio first-centura d nan y occupatio certaif no n part Scotf so - land, and also to an early third-century occupation of at least one Scottish 1 See, for example, Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. lii. (1918), pp. 250 if. ROMAN COINS FOUN N SCOTLANDDI . 153
ROMAN SITES FROM ROMAN 5ITE5 FROM NON- ON THE ANTONINE WALL NOT ON THE ANTONINE WALL ROMAN SITES
JO 30 154 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , 1949-50.
site. Again e distributioth , e Antoninth f no e Wall finds, with coinf o s Traja d Hadriaan n n predominating, illustrate well-knoww no e th s n fact that the coins current in the reign of any particular emperor almost invariably include even da n higher proportio immediats coine hi th f f sno o e predecessors than of himself. The scarcity, too, of coins of Commodus— only one came from the Antonine Wall, and another, of his wife, Crispina, from Newstead—continues to discourage any suggestion that the Antonine occupatio Scotlanf no prolonges dwa d beyon earle dth y year Commodus'f so s reign. The Roman coins dating from the mid-third century to the end of the fourth century A.D. which have been found on Roman sites do not of course prov ea Roma n reoccupatio f thesno e site thesn i s e centuries. The coins were probably los nativy b t e squatters should an , d more correctly be included in the lists of finds from native, or non-Roman, sites. The table of finds from native, or non-Roman, sites proper, and the table f isolateo s d finds from (presumably) non-Roman sites, combino t e underline the familiar preference of the native North Briton for Roman higr golfo h d d qualit whean , coule it n h yt earldge y Roman silver. These tables also offer some new information. When added together in the diagram, the finds from non-Roman sites at first reflect faithfully the currency in use on Roman occupied site Scotlandn si obvious i t I . s that lons a , thess ga e sites were occupied by the Romans, Roman coins passed frequently from them into non-Roman hands. This is further illustrated by the two maps showin distributioe gth first f nsecond-centurd o an - y Roman corns founn do non-Roman sites. (It is, by the way, to be noted that the first-century coins, unless of brass, may not have been lost until the second century.) The distribution of these coins is mainly confined to Roman occupied territory exhilaratin,w witfe a h g exceptions r exampleFo . , were th e first-century coins, some of them brass, from Aberdeenshire and the Moray Firth, lefAgricola'y b t s arm fleetd yan ? After the campaigns of Severus, A.D. 209—11, there was, so far as we know Romao ,n n garriso Scotlann i providdo t nativee eth s "wit immedin ha - ate source of supply for Roman coins. Yet, as the tables and diagram show, throughou remaindee th t thire th df o r centurwhole e th th f d eo yan fourth century, Roman coins did enter Scotland in a tiny, but steady, trickle. The distribution map thirdf so fourth-centurd -an y finds suggest that some of these coin e Firth t th leashavsa y f Clydo t so ma ted a comean se y eb Forth ,fourt e andth n hi , century north-eastere th o t , n coasts. A feature of this persistent infiltration of third- and fourth-century Roman coinage into Scotland, which has not, I think, been stressed before, is thrown into relief by the diagram. The peak period of the infiltration was the era of Constantine I and his sons in the early fourth century. Thirty-three coin f Constantino s e I-Constantiu I I havs e been recorded from non-Roman sites o whict , h shoul e addeb d n otherte d s from sites *-. ».,.««, ^.. PKHTtO IN OflCAT •IIITAIN BT OEOKOC PHILIP * CON. LIMITED. LOMDON *1* I,**,* ttef^Hlal htt First-century Eoman Coins found on non-Eoman sites. Second-century Eoman Coins found on non-Eoman • Finds from native sites. O Isolated finds. Third-century Eoman Coins found on non-Roman sites. Fourth-century Roman Coins found on non-Roman sites. • Finds from native sites. O Isolated finds. ROMAN COINS FOUND IN SCOTLAND. 157 which, though of Roman origin ,Roman i wer t eno n occupation durine gth fourth century A.D. In other words, native North Britons acquired a fair numbe f Romao r n e earlcointh yn i s fourth century. From whomn A ? answer is perhaps given by com finds of another type from another part of Britain. Out of a total of about 1300 Roman coin hoards recorded from Britain, at least 140 were hidden away in various parts of England during this same period, Constantine I—Constantiu . II sThe y must have been concealed under the stress of some threat to peace, or other disturbance, andisturbance dth e must have proved reaseriousd t preventelan i r fo , e dth owners from ever returnin recovego t r their hidden treasures temptins i t I . g to see a connection between the disturbed conditions in the Roman province during the Constantinian period, and the number of Constantinian coins found in Scotland, and to suggest that raiders from North Britain may have caused, or at least contributed to, the disturbances, and may have brought back with them ove bordee rth r these Constantinian coins.
[TABLES. 1 p- fe CD w S Ct" If 1 g. •CdD g. a1 g- 1 1 » 1 p t" B s p g P p 13 P FT 1 P h^ Auohendavy, Dunbartonshire.
l-^bO i-ieD h- ' bo h-* M Hillr Ba , M > Dunbartonshire. HW H» Ed Ed » Ed »- Bearsden, z Dunbartonshire. & H 03
!_,!-• bo h-1 h-1 1— ' Duntocher, Dunbartonshire . O g H % H» Ed
' h-1 w i-' Kirkintilloch, o » H Dunbartonshire.
H-i i-> to bo Old Kilpatrick, t> CD Dunbartonshire. HI Ed By Ed Ed H H h-1 Westerwood, QQ Ed Dunbartonshire. 5zO! h-> ^J M Cadder, Lanarkshire . H » Ed
h-1 Carriden, >• !z! 1 bocc h- 1 h- i-i bO en ' #O ^b M Mumrills, t> Stirlingshire. HEd fe H H» ^ Ed Ed ~ - Rough Castle, H Ed Stirlingshire. H- ' bO t— » to i— • § t— ' oo - bO KI en TOTAL. 'AXHIOOS 3HX JO 8ST ROMAN COINS FOUN N SCOTLANDDI . 159 rH CO CO rH - M -rH t- « H cc T-4 33 - O H 10 I— I i-H T—i H H 0 rH & § rH 1 TES . rt H ft CD 03 rH p-H i— ! 1? c3 o 01 _0 H r-H - C- rH 00 i-H H t[T3r^ fl" CO o a)S . « i-H P3 PnH t- (M rH »oco rH | Lucill a Commodu s Justinia n I Faustin a I Marcu s Constantin e I Uncertai n 160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1949-50. . ISOLATEIV D FINDS WIT RECORDEO HN D ASSOCIATIONS: EMPERORS. METAL. BMPBKOE. PROVENANCE. TOTAL. AV AE AE ? Republic 1 St Fillans, Perthshire. 1 Augustus 1? Dumfries, Dumfriesshire. 1 (Greek) Westerton, Dunbartonshire. 1 Dirleton, East Lothian. 1 Edinburgh, Midlothian. 1 Perth, Perthshire. 1 (Greek)1 Erskine, Renfrewshire. I2 Fortrose, Ross-shire. 7 Tiberius 1 Urr, Kirkcudbrightshire. 1 Perth, Perthshire. 1 Renfrew, Renfrewshire. 1 Stirling, Stirlingshire. 4 Agrippa 1 Dornoch, Sutherland. 1 Drusus 1 Glasgow (Queen's Park), Lanark- shire. 1 (Greek) Harris. 2 Claudius 1 Inveruglas, Dunbartonshire. 1 Westerton, Dunbartonshire. 1 Coatbridge, Lanarkshire. 3 Nero 1 Eccles, Berwickshire. 1 Ganonbie, Dumfriesshire. 1 Carluke, Lanarkshire. 1 Glasgow, Lanarkshire. 1 Dunbar, East Lothian. 1 Drymen, Stirlingshire. 1 Uncertain locality. 1 Salsburgh, Lanarkshire. 1 (Greek) Burghead, Morayshire. 1 Callander, Perthshire. 1 Portrose, Ross-shire. 11 Galba 1 Dunrossness, Shetland. 1 Otho 1 Wauchope Bridge, Dumfriesshire. 1 Carluke, Lanarkshire. 2 Vitellius 1 Penicuik, Midlothian. 1 Vespasian 1 Port Elphinstone, Aberdeenshire. 1 Kirkcudbright, Kirkcudbright- shire. 1 Dumbarton, Dunbartonshire. 1 Blantyre, Lanarkshire. 1 Glasgow (Partick), Lanarkshire. 1 Edinburgh, Midlothian. 1 Heriot Water, Midlothian. 1 Auchterarder, Perthshire. 1 Doune, Perthshire. 1 or 2 Dunrossness, Shetland. 10 or 11 Augustus and Agrippa. 2 Struck by Tiberius. Aeii a Flacill Uncertai n Honoriu s Constantin e I Constantiu s I Carausiu s Oonstantin e I Galeriu s Diocletia n Numeria n Tetricu s I an d Victorinu s Severu s Alexande r PlautiU a Caracall a Juli a Domn Augustu s Severu s Faustin a I Antoninu s Piu Mar k Anton y Lucill a Faustin a I Sabin a Claudiu s Tiberiu s Republi c Hadria n Flavia n Vespasia n Germanicu s ViteUiu s 5 Plotin a Domitia n i tej H O O ? E 1 J r f 0* 1 ! !' p I e H 00 ! O W 68 h-1 CO Loudoun Hill, !> Ayrshire. W & GO O CO W i—» (^•HI i-'t-' ^ to K* !-• 68 Izl + 63 M Ml-" Burens, I-1 OS ^ ^ ^* ^ E^ ^ ^ ^ >.(> > *o teJ£tf 3 H?d ra W Hfed H&J W Dumfriesshire. 65 i-i h-1 Birrenswark, t£- l> $ » Dumfriesshire. H- Carronbridge, M . Dumfriesshire. t-i Milton, h-' Dumfriesshire. I—1 1 1 % i— 1— h-* Castledykes, b 00 h-i H-i I-- h^ t» ^ L^ !> OD H W Lanarkshire. HW ^ 1 to i—» 1 tOh-' t— H-1 to tf~ i—i to h-« h- bSl-' os TO M H- H* i—» os § OS Cramond, 68 (> 6S[t> tab-it. cut. CJX h> 68 i—» 63 b> t-1 t—> ^ CD t> >- M|S. > Midlothian. g H ^ H i Grassy Walls, M )— ' Perthshire. M Inchtuthil, t-' i> H Perthshire. }-i i—» 1—' 1-* Mta TO 6868 Cappuck, 00 t> t> ^ ^ Roxburghshire. . » H HW tx56S tOh-1 681-' 6868 to l-i rt^ >^ i-j i-" H-» H* h- ' «*•>-' KJM OSK^ -a os M to -a cits MTO 68 CH6S oboi-* CO 68 H-1 t— 1 68 68l-'6S to 00 CO -a -fllf^ Newstead, > |>^ [>[>(> £>• ^> b> t> L> t. en > t> [>[> ^ ^ b>|> » » > t> t> t> Roxburghshire. tel H W HW H £3 H» Hcd rf^ h-* H-* en to i— i CnTO h- ' COCO t— ' 68 a 001-' OltO Camelon, I—* t>- h> []> h-» b. ^ [>[> h-* M !> b> ^> !> ^ ^ !> > Stirlingshire. r tel HW HS) <1 HW H &i H» H » M •a *• 1 I-* M -a M -3 H f— ' 1— + ® 1 TO oo1 Ol TOTAL. H* + 5 H-* h^ to OS i—i •^3 co t—» i-j I-" to t— ' TO h-» TO TO OS h- I-* 00 co GO >—i 68 to 68 *•. 68 OS M oo o> « OS 69 i— 1-* O3 -3 en 00 to en o a <1 Valentin i Valentin i Antonin u Byzanti n Honoriu s Theodosi l Valen s Magnent i Constant i Constant i Constant : Allcctu s Caraiisiu a Nuracria l Probu s Caracall a kSeveru a Pertina x Marcu s Faustin a Hadria n Vespasia r Uncertai i Constant i Galeriu s Gallienu a Domitia n Claudiu s o H !zi H V K Republi c 2. -j o g- ® to" TOTA L o s p p M O ra CD P P O) % o CD a n3 i— i M T3 1— 1 i— i k^- ^ cc M i— i O. W S' h- i— i Castle Newe, !>d- Aberdeenshire. i— 0 Campbeltowa, E3 Argyllshire. to (-> (—> tf- X Dairy, Ayrshire. 53 fe S >-> i— • Stevenston, g Ayrshire. »— ' Auchterderrau, h- • E>d Fifeshire. h-> i— i V-i "> *" l> >• fi- Largo, Fifcshil'e. '-Kdi w 3 ts M Wellfield, h- ' s> Fifeshire. (-> Fordoun, (—1 H Kincardineshire. i— Biggar, l-< > <3 Lanarkshire. i— > Yoi-khill, 1— > > Glasgow, & Lanarkshire. to h- H- Lanark, + + > Lanarkshire. 15 t; w h- !> North Berwick, h- Ed East Lothian. h-> • Gullane, I-" a> East Lothian. Humbie, h-> - East Lothian. 1— ' LO I-" to e- h-> to to h- i~> rt" h- to H- (-1 H- tO !-> l-l (-* i-- *-> CO^- *-> w h-> i— ' i—" O< fi to h- Traprain Law, Ul t> > > >• > &* > >t> » &* (-" t> > > ^ !> > !> > » >^ >^ > > > > > East Lothian. + O £ H M EC C3 E B E cd S B H H B C3 E?3 HS B?3 raja H HEd H ES EC EC W GD i— Kaims, CC 1— • > » Midlothian. z >• Queeusferry, o » •u West Lothian. i-- Culbin Sands, t£ > {**• H a Morayshire. t-- Blairgowrie, i— • > H Perthshire. i—> Edgerston, (—• > SJ Roxburghshire. i— i Eildon Hills, i— • > EO Roxburghshire. V. 3 Hobkirk, O O •o •u Roxbm-ghshu'e. h- • Ruberslaw, h- ' st> Roxburghshire. i—i r* Teviotdale, k- • to h- 1 I—1 Lingrow, to t> i*» > OS Ed ta » Orkney. I—- I—- ta > North Uist. H ^ 03 i— ' Z CO i— • 1 TOTAL. i-" to to i-" w 1— ' to CO t— i to bo I-" i— *- i-" h- • to t-» - t— ' to o kf- 00 00 c; LO OJ to -] H' i-" i— i—" + + ROMAN COINS FOUND IN SCOTLAND. 161 IV. ISOLATED FINDS WITH NO RECORDED ASSOCIATIONS: EMPERORS—continued. METAL. JbjMPEROB. PROVENANCE. TVVTA-LU J. AJjT» AV AR AE ? Titus 1 Abernethy, Perthshire. 1 Coldingham, Berwickshire. 1 Forres, Morayshire. 3 Domitian 1 Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire. 1 Paisley, Renfrewshire. 1 Glasgow (Canon Lane), Lanark- shire. 3 Trajan 1 Dumfries, Dumfriesshire. 1 Drymen, Stirlingshire. 1 Uncertain locality. 1 Skye. 1 Dunrossness, Shetland. 1 Leslie, Aberdeenshire. 1 Chapel on Leader, Roxburgh- shire. 1? Logierait, Perthshire. 1 t NiniansS , Stirlingshire. 9 Marciana 1 CriefF, Perthshire. 1 Hadrian 1 Urr, Kirkcudbrightshire. 1 Gullane, Bast Lothian. 1 Campsie Glen, Stirlingshire. 1 Annan, Dumfriesshire. 1 Glasgow (Knightswood), Lanark- shirs. 1 Bonnyrigg, Midlothian. 1 Pechney, Perthshire. 1 Perthshire. 1 Selkirk, Selkirkshire. 1 Renton, Berwickshire. No? Glasgow (Cathedral), Lanark- shire. 10 + Antoninus Pius 1 Kinnell, Angus. 1 Leslie, Aberdeenshire. 1 Eskdale, Dumfriesshire. 1 Burntisland, Fife. I1 Laurencekirk, Kincardineshire. 1 Midcalder, Midlothian. 1 Paisley, Renfrewshire. 1 North Berwick, Bast Lothian. 1 Torrance, Stirlingshire. 9 Faustina I 1 Crieff, Perthshire. 1 Bckford, Roxburghshire. 2 Marcus 1 Crawfordjohn, Lanarkshire. 1 Edinburgh, Midlothian. 1 Mortlach, Banffshire. 1 Mortlach, Banffshire. (orVerus) 1 Skye. 5 1 VOL. LXXXIV. PiuMarcusd san . 11 162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1949-50. IV. ISOLATED FINDS WITH NO RECORDED ASSOCIATIONS: EMPEBORS—continued. METAL. EMPEROR. PROVENANCE. TOTAL. AV AB AB ? Faustina II 1 Glasgow (Bridgeton Cross), Lanarkshire. 1 Lucilla 1 Ancrum, Boxburghshire. 1 Comrnodus 1 Urr, Kirkcudbrightshire. 1 Cowal (Glen Tarsan), Argyll. (Greek) 2 Crispina No? Glasgow (Petershill), Lanarkshire. No? Severus 2 Edinburgh, Midlothian. 2 Julia Domna 1 Whithorn, Wigtownshire. (Greek) 1 Geta 1 Ancrum, Boxburghshire. 1 Macrinus 1 Granton, Midlothian. 1 Maximinus •. 1 Mortlach, Banffshire. 2 Bulewater, Boxburghshire. 3 GordiaI nII I t FUlansS , Perthshire. (Greek) 1 Philip I 1 Wishaw, Lanarkshire. 1 Trebonianus Gallus 1 Leith, Midlothian. 1 Valerian 1 Corstorphine, Midlothian. (ant.) 1 Gallienus Cowal (Ormidale), Argyll. 1 (Al.) Bhinns of Galloway, Wigtown- shire. 2 Victorinus 1 Lochmaddy, North Uist. 1 Claudius II 1 Cullen, BanfiFshire. 1 Whithorn, Wigtownshire. 2 Aurelian 1 (Al.) Edinburgh, Midlothian. 1 Tacitus 1 Duddingston, Midlothian. 1 Carus 1 (Al.) Stevenston, Ayrshire. 1 Diocletian 2(A1.) Carluke, Lanarkshire. 1 Glasgow (London Boad), Lanark- shire. 1 (Al.) Glasgow (Govan), Lanarkshire. 1 North Berwick, East Lothian. 1 (Al.) Gullane, East Lothian. 1 (Al.) Gourock, Benfrewshire. 1 (Al.) Laggan Fi n Loch, Islay. 8 ROMAN COINS FOUND IN SCOTLAND. 163 . ISOLATEIV D FINDS WIT RECORDEO HN D ASSOCIATIONS: BMPEBOBS—continued. METAL. EMPEKOB. PROVENANCE. TOTAL. AV AR AE ? Maximian 1 (Al.) Jedburgh, Roxburghshire. 1 Uncertain locality. 2 3rd century 1 (Al.) Mortlach, Banifshire. 1 Constantius I? 1 Leochel-Cushnie, Aberdeenshire. 1 Valeria 1 Paisley, Renfrewshire. 1 Maxentius 1 Ecclefechan, Dumfriesshire. 1 Licinius I 1 Glasgow (Greenfleld), Lanark- shire. 1 Constantine I 1 Aberdeen (Windmill Brae), Aber- deenshire. 1 Irvine, Ayrshire. 1 Fifeshire. 1 Rutherglen, Lanarkshire. 1 North Berwick, East Lothian. 1 Haddington, East Lothian. 1 Edinburgh, Midlothian. 1 Hawkhead, Renfrewshire. 1 Fetlar, Shetland. 9 ConstantinI eI 1 Dumbarton, Dunbartonshire. 1 Crispus 1 Twynhohn, Kirkcudbrightshire. 1 Glasgow (Firhill Park), Lanark- shire. 2 Constantinopolis 1 Forres, Morayshire. 1 Constans 1 Aberdeen (Windmill Brae), Aber- deenshire. 1 Irvine, Ayrshire. 1 Kirkcudbright, Kirkcudbright- shire. 3 Constantius II 1 Glasgow (Clyde), Lanarkshire. 1 Glasgow (Pollokshields), Lanark- shire. 1 Glasgow (Bridgeton Cross), Lanarkshire. 1 Thankerton, Lanarkshire. 1 Maxton, Roxburghshire. 1 New Luce, Wigtownshire. 1 Lochmaddy, North Uist. 1 North Uist. 1 Fetlar, Shetland. 9 Magnentius 1 North Uist. 1 Constantius Gallus 1 Brechin, Angus. 1 164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1949-50. IV. ISOLATED FINDS WITH NO RECORDED ASSOCIATIONS: EMPERORS—continued. METAL. EMPEROB. PROVENANCE. AV AB AB ? TOTAL. Valentinian I 1? Clatt, Aberdeenshire. 1 Glasgow (Bridgeton Cross), Lanarkshire. 2 Gratian 1 Lochmaddy, North Uist. 1 Valentinian II 1 Kirkmahoe, Dumfriesshire. 1 Maximus 1 Westerton, Dunbartonshire. 1 Honorius 1 Slains, Aberdeenshire. 1 Westerton, Dunbartonshire. 1 Forres, Morayshire. 3 Justin I 1 Glasgow (Knightswood), Lanark- shire. 1 Uncertain 2? Wauchope Bridge, Dumfries- shire. 1 Dumfries, Dumfriesshire. 1 Westerton, Dunbartonshire. No? Glasgow (Moray Place), Lanark- shire. 4 + TOTAL 164 + . ISOLATEV D FINDS WIT RECORDEO HN D ASSOCIATIONS: PROVENANCE. METAL. PROVENANCE. EMPEROB. TOTAL. AV AB AE ? Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire Domitian 1 1 Aberdeen (Windmill Brae), Aber- Constantine I 1 deenshire Constans 1 2 Clatt, Aberdeenshire Valentinian I? 1 1 Leslie, Aberdeenshire Trajan 1 Antoninus Pius 1 2 Leochel-Cushnie, Aberdeenshire Constantius I? 1 1 Port Elphinstone, Aberdeenshire Vespasian 1 1 Slains, Aberdeenshire Honorius 1 1 Brechin, Angus Constantius Gallus 1 1 Kinnell, Angus Antoninus Pius 1 1 ROMAN COINS FOUND IN SCOTLAND. 165 V. ISOLATED FINDS WITH NO RECORDED ASSOCIATIONS: PROVENANCE—continued. METAL. PROVENANCE. EMPEBOB. TOTAL. AV AB AE ? Cowal (Ormidale), Argyll Gallienus 1 I Cowal (Glen Tarsan), Argyll Commodus 1 (Greek) 1 Irvine, Ayrshire Constantine I 1 Constans 1 2 Stevenston, Ayrshire Carus 1 (Al.) 1 Oullen, Banffshire Claudius II 1 1 Mortlach, Banffshire Marcus 1 Marcus or Verus 1 Maximinus 1 3rd cent. 1 (Al.) 4 Coldingham, Berwickshire Titus 1 1 Eccles, Berwickshire Nero 1 1 Benton, Berwickshire Hadrian 1 1 Annan, Dumfriesshire Hadrian 1 1 Canonbie, Dumfriesshire Nero 1 1 Dumfries, Dumfriesshire Augustus ? 1? Trajan 1 Uncertain I 3 Ecclefechan, Dumfriesshire Maxentius 1 1 Eskdale, Dumfriesshire Antoninus Pius 1 1 Kirkmahoe, Dumfriesshire ValentiniaI nI 1 1 Wauchope Bridge, Dumfriesshire Otho 1 Uncertain 2? 3 Dumbarton, Dunbartonshire Vespasian 1 Constantine II 1 2 Inveruglas, Dunbartonshire Claudius 1 1 Westerton, Dunbartonshire Augustus 1 (Greek) Claudius 1 Maximus 1 Honorius 1 Uncertain 1 5 Burntisland, Fife Antoninus Pius 1 1 Pifeshire Constantine I 1 I 166 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , 1949-50. . ISOLATEV D FINDS WIT RECORDEO N H D ASSOCIATIONS: PROVENANCE—continued. METAL. PROVENANCE. EMPEBOR. TOTAL. AV AH AE ? Laurencekirk, KincardinesMre Pius and Marcus 1 1 Kirkcudbright, Kirkcudbright- Vespasian 1 shire Constans 1 2 Twynholm, Kirkcudbrightshire Crispus 1 1 Urr, Kirkcudbrightshire Tiberius 1 Hadrian 1 Oommodus 1 3 Blantyre, Lanarkshire Vespasian 1 1 Carluke, Lanarkshire Nero 1 Otho 1 Diocletian 2 (Al.) 4 Coatbridge, Lanarkshire Claudius 1 1 Crawfordjohn, Lanarkshire Marcus 1 1 Glasgow, Lanarkshire Drusus 1 Nero 1 Vespasian 1 Domitian 1 Hadrian 1 No? Faustina II 1 Crispina No? Diocletian 1 1 (Al.) Licinius I 1 Ciispus 1 Constantius II 1 2 Valentinian I 1 Justin I 1 Uncertain No? 15 + Butherglen, Lanarkshire Constantine I 1 1 Salsburgh, Lanarkshire Nero 1 1 Thankerton, Lanarkshire ConstantiuI sI 1 1 Wishaw, Lanarkshire Philip I 1 1 North Berwick, East Lothian Antoninus Pius 1 Diocletian 1 Constantine I 1 3 Dirleton, East Lothian Augustus 1 1 Dunbar, East Lothian Nero 1 1 Gullane, East Lothian Hadrian 1 Diocletian 1 (Al.) 2 ROMAN COINS FOUND IN SCOTLAND. 167 V. ISOLATED FINDS WITH NO RECORDED ASSOCIATIONS: PROVENANCE—continued. METAL. PROVENANCE. EMPEROB. TOTAL. AV AB AE ? Haddington, Bast Lothian Constantine I 1 1 Bonnyrigg, Midlothian Hadrian 1 1 Corstorphine, Midlothian Valerian 1 (ant.) 1 Duddingston, Midlothian Tacitus 1 1 Edinburgh, Midlothian Augustus 1 Vespasian 1 Marcus 1 Severus 2 Aurelian 1 (Al.) Constantine I 1 7 Granton, Midlothian Macrinus 1 1 Heriot Water, Midlothian Vespasian 1 1 Leith, Midlothian Trebonianus Gallus 1 1 Midcalder, Midlothian Antoninus Pius 1 1 Penicuik, Midlothian Vitellius 1 1 Burghead, Morayshire Nero 1 (Greek) 1 Forces, Morayshire Titus 1 Constantinopolis 1 Honorius 1 3 Abernethy, Perthshire Titus 1 1 Auchterarder, Perthshire Vespasian 1 1 Callander, Perthshire Nero 1 1 Orieff, Perthshire Marciana 1 Faustina I 1 2 Doune, Perthshire Vespasian 1 1 Pechney, Perthshire Hadrian 1 1 Logierait, Perthshire Trajan? 1 1 Perth, Perthshire Augustus 1 Tiberius 1 2 Fillanst S , Perthshire Republic 1 Gordian III 1 (Greek) 2 168 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , 1949-50. V. ISOLATED FINDS. WITH NO RECORDED ASSOCIATIONS: PROVENANCE—continued. METAL. PROVENANCE. EMPEROR. TOTAL. AV AR AE p Perthshire Hadrian 1 1 Erskine, Renfrewshire Augustus and 1 Agrippa (Greek) 1 Gourock, Renfrewshire Diocletian 1 1 (Al.) Hawkhead, Renfrewshire Constantine I 1 1 Paisley, Renfrewshire Domitian 1 Antoninus Pius I Valeria 1 3 Renfrew, Renfrewshire Tiberius 1 1 Fortrose, Ross-shire Augustus 1 1 Nero 1 2 Ancnun, Roxburghshire Lucilla 1 Geta 1 2 Chape Leadern lo , Roxburghshire Trajan 1 1 Bckford, Roxburghshire Faustina I 1 1 Jedburgh, Roxburghshire Maximian 1 (Al.) 1 Maxton, Roxburghshire Constantius II 1 1 Rulewater, Roxburghshire Maximinus 2 2 Selkirk, Selkirkshire Hadrian 1 1 Campsie Glen, Stirlingshire Hadrian 1 1 Drymen, Stirlingshire Nero 1 Trajan 1 2 St Ninians, Stirlingshire Trajan 1 1 Stirling, Stirlingshire Tiberius 1 1 Torrance, Stirlingshire Antoninus Pius I 1 Dornoch, Sutherland Agrippa 1 1 New Luce, Wigtownshire Constantius II 1 1 Rhinns of Galloway, Wigtownshire Gallienus 1 (Al.) 1 Whithorn, Wigtownshire Julia Domna 1 (Greek) Claudius II 1 2 Struck by Tiberius. CROSS-MARKINGS AND CUP-MARKINGS AT DUNCROISK. 169 V. ISOLATED FINDS WITH NO RECORDED ASSOCIATIONS: PROVENANCE—continued. METAL. PROVENANCE. EMPEROR. TOTAL. AV AB AE ? Harris Drusus 1 1 (Greek) • Laggan Fi n Loch, Islay Diocletian 1 (Al.) 1 Lochmaddy, North Uist Victorinus 1 ConstantiuI sI 1 Gratian 1 3 North Uist Constantius II 1 Magnentius 1 2 Skye Trajan 1 Marcus 1 2 Dunrossness, Shetland Galba 1 Vespasian 2 r o 1 Trajan 1 3 or 4 Fetlar, Shetland Constantine I 1 OonstantiuI sI 1 2 Uncertain locality Nero 1 Trajan 1 Maximian 1 3 TOTAL 164 + 9= B CO