Protonmail Security Features and Infrastructure
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MEMO. Nº. 52/2017 – SCOM
00100.096648/2017-00 MEMO. nº. 52/2017 – SCOM Brasília, 21 de junho de 2017 A Sua Excelência a Senhora SENADORA REGINA SOUSA Assunto: Ideia Legislativa nº. 76.334 Senhora Presidente, Nos termos do parágrafo único do art. 6º da Resolução do Senado Federal nº. 19 de 2015, encaminho a Vossa Excelência a Ideia Legislativa nº. 76.334, sob o título de “Criminalização Da Apologia Ao Comunismo”, que alcançou, no período de 09/06/2017 a 20/06/2017, apoiamento superior a 20.000 manifestações individuais, conforme a ficha informativa em anexo. Respeitosamente, Dirceu Vieira Machado Filho Diretor da Secretaria de Comissões Senado Federal – Praça dos Três Poderes – CEP 70.165-900 – Brasília DF ARQUIVO ASSINADO DIGITALMENTE. CÓDIGO DE VERIFICAÇÃO: CE7C06D2001B6231. CONSULTE EM http://www.senado.gov.br/sigadweb/v.aspx. 00100.096648/2017-00 ANEXO AO MEMORANDO Nº. 52/2017 – SCOM - FICHA INFORMATIVA E RELAÇÃO DE APOIADORES - Senado Federal – Praça dos Três Poderes – CEP 70.165-900 – Brasília DF ARQUIVO ASSINADO DIGITALMENTE. CÓDIGO DE VERIFICAÇÃO: CE7C06D2001B6231. CONSULTE EM http://www.senado.gov.br/sigadweb/v.aspx. 00100.096648/2017-00 Ideia Legislativa nº. 76.334 TÍTULO Criminalização Da Apologia Ao Comunismo DESCRIÇÃO Assim como a Lei já prevê o "Crime de Divulgação do Nazismo", a apologia ao COMUNISMO e seus símbolos tem que ser proibidos no Brasil, como já acontece cada vez mais em diversos países, pois essa ideologia genocida causou males muito piores à Humanidade, massacrando mais de 100 milhões de inocentes! (sic) MAIS DETALHES O art. 20 da Lei 7.716/89 estabeleceu o "Crime de Divulgação do Nazismo": "§1º - Fabricar, comercializar, distribuir ou veicular, símbolos, emblemas, ornamentos, distintivos ou propaganda que utilizem a cruz suástica ou gamada, para fins de divulgação do nazismo. -
Are Cookie Banners Indeed Compliant with the Law? Cristiana Santos, Nataliia Bielova, Célestin Matte
Are cookie banners indeed compliant with the law? Cristiana Santos, Nataliia Bielova, Célestin Matte To cite this version: Cristiana Santos, Nataliia Bielova, Célestin Matte. Are cookie banners indeed compliant with the law?: Deciphering EU legal requirements on consent and technical means to verify compli- ance of cookie banners. Technology and Regulation, Tilburg University, 2020, 2020, pp.91-135. 10.26116/TECHREG.2020.009. hal-02875447v2 HAL Id: hal-02875447 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-02875447v2 Submitted on 23 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Are cookie banners indeed compliant with the law? Deciphering EU legal requirements on consent and technical means to verify compliance of cookie banners Cristiana Santos, Nataliia Bielova, Célestin Matte Inria, France [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract In this paper, we describe how cookie banners, as a consent mechanism in web applications, should be designed and implemented to be compliant with the ePrivacy Directive and the GDPR, defining 22 legal requirements. While some are provided by legal sources, others result from the domain expertise of computer scientists. We perform a technical assessment of whether technical (with computer science tools), manual (with a human operator) or user studies verification is needed. -
Indicators of Compromise Associated with Onepercent Group Ransomware
TLP: WHITE The following information is being provided by the FBI, with no guarantees or 23 AUG 2021 warranties, for potential use at the sole discretion of recipients in order to protect against cyber threats. This data is provided to help cyber security Alert Number professionals and system administrators guard against the persistent malicious CU-000149-MW actions of cyber actors. This FLASH was coordinated with DHS-CISA. WE NEED YOUR HELP! This FLASH has been released TLP: WHITE. Subject to standard copyright rules, If you find any of TLP: WHITE information may be distributed without restriction. these indicators on your networks, or have related Indicators of Compromise Associated with OnePercent information, please contact Group Ransomware www.fbi.gov/con Summary tact-us/field- offices The FBI has learned of a cyber-criminal group who self identifies as the *Note: By reporting “OnePercent Group” and who have used Cobalt Strike to perpetuate any related ransomware attacks against US companies since November 2020. OnePercent information to the Group actors compromise victims through a phishing email in which an FBI, you are assisting in sharing attachment is opened by the user. The attachment’s macros infect the system information that with the IcedID1 banking trojan. IcedID downloads additional software to include allows the FBI to track malicious Cobalt Strike. Cobalt Strike moves laterally in the network, primarily with actors and PowerShell remoting. coordinate with private industry OnePercent Group actors encrypt the data and exfiltrate it from the victims’ and the United systems. The actors contact the victims via telephone and email, threatening to States Government to prevent future release the stolen data through The Onion Router (TOR) network and clearnet, intrusions and unless a ransom is paid in virtual currency. -
CSCI-UA.9480 Introduction to Computer Security
CSCI-UA.9480 Introduction to Computer Security Session 2.3 Designing Secure Network Systems Prof. Nadim Kobeissi Goals of today’s class. A look into some secure network systems: ● WireGuard: a modern VPN. ● A critical look at ProtonMail, a secure email service. WireGuard is an example of a well-designed secure network application. ProtonMail is an example of a badly designed network application. CSCI-UA.9480: Introduction to Computer Security – Nadim Kobeissi 2 WireGuard Following slides are by Jason A. 2.3a Donenfeld, author of WireGuard. CSCI-UA.9480: Introduction to Computer Security – Nadim Kobeissi 3 What is WireGuard? ▪ Layer 3 secure network tunnel for IPv4 and IPv6. ▪ Opinionated. Only layer 3! ▪ Designed for the Linux kernel ▪ Slower cross platform implementations also. ▪ UDP-based. Punches through firewalls. ▪ Modern conservative cryptographic principles. ▪ Emphasis on simplicity and auditability. ▪ Authentication model similar to SSH’s authenticated_keys. ▪ Replacement for OpenVPN and IPsec. ▪ Grew out of a stealth rootkit project. ▪ Techniques desired for stealth are equally as useful for tunnel defensive measures. Security Design Principle 1: Easily Auditable OpenVPN Linux XFRM StrongSwan SoftEther WireGuard 116,730 LoC 119,363 LoC 405,894 LoC 329,853 LoC 3,771 LoC Plus OpenSSL! Plus StrongSwan! Plus XFRM! Less is more. Security Design Principle 1: Easily Auditable WireGuard 3,771 LoC IPsec SoftEther OpenVPN (XFRM+StrongSwan) 329,853 LoC 119,363 419,792 LoC LoC Security Design Principle 2: Simplicity of Interface ▪ WireGuard presents a normal network interface: # ip link add wg0 type wireguard # ip address add 192.168.3.2/24 dev wg0 # ip route add default via wg0 # ifconfig wg0 … # iptables –A INPUT -i wg0 … /etc/hosts.{allow,deny}, bind(), … ▪ Everything that ordinarily builds on top of network interfaces – like eth0 or wlan0 – can build on top of wg0. -
Data Ethics (Former Journalist)
DATAETHICS Nanna H Bach Pia Thomassen Pernille Tranberg Lili The Lazy Cocker Advisor in data ethics (former journalist) Author of 6 books incl FAKE IT (2012) and DataEthics - The New Competitive Advantage (2016) Co-founder of the ThinkDoTank DataEthics.eu Pernille Tranberg Privacy Tech findx.com adblockfast Cliqz FakeNameGenerator.com disconnect.me Hushfile startpage.com Protonmail wire.com IBVPN.COM TOR OPERA Consumers/Citizens ➤ 7 of 10 worried about their data ➤ Have started to ACT on their worry. E.g. w adblockers, 1 of 3 Europeans lie about their data (the younger the better) ➤ We trust the regulated and distrust those tracking us: social media, search, news ➤ We understand the value of our data and want control ➤ Convenience rules! But there is a creepiness limit Sources: datatilsynet.no Eurobarometer on DataProtection 2015, Symantec State of Privacy 2015, Erhvervsstyrelsen/IDA 2015 , Ctrl-Shift Sept 2016, Danmarks Statistik 2017, McKinsey Comscore Jan 2017 We are with data where we were with the environment in the beginning of 1960s The New Green digital mistrust Political & Commercial Manipulation Price discrimination or differentiaton Pay-as-you-behave ➤ Not based on solidarity or for the better of society ➤ It gives the employer or insurance company a lot of power over individuals who is responsible? Government ➤ enforce the law Companies & Institutions ➤ promote the new market ➤ create digital trust with data for privacy tech and data ethics ethics ➤ give customers control over ➤ be a role model own data shared responsibility ➤ Innovate w Privacy by Design Individuals ➤ digital selfdefense ➤ demand it from gov ➤ chose ethical alternatives Definition DATA ETHICS is responsible and sustainable use of personal data. -
A Tale of Two Studies: the Best and Worst of Yubikey Usability
A Tale of Two Studies: The Best and Worst of YubiKey Usability †∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ z ∗ Joshua Reynolds , Trevor Smith , Ken Reese , Luke Dickinson , Scott Ruoti , Kent Seamons y ∗ z University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Brigham Young University, MIT Lincoln Laboratory [email protected], ftsmith, ken.reese, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract—Two-factor authentication (2FA) significantly device that authenticates the user after the user presses a improves the security of password-based authentication. button on the security key [8]. The button tap is a test of Recently, there has been increased interest in Universal 2nd user presence and prevents malware on the host device from Factor (U2F) security keys—small hardware devices that require users to press a button on the security key to authenticate. To using the security key surreptitiously. Most commonly, security examine the usability of security keys in non-enterprise usage, keys are designed to be plugged into a USB port, though we conducted two user studies of the YubiKey, a popular line they can also communicate with other devices using wireless of U2F security keys. The first study tasked 31 participants protocols (e.g., NFC, Bluetooth). with configuring a Windows, Google, and Facebook account to U2F security keys are designed to be easy-to-adopt and authenticate using a YubiKey. This study revealed problems with setup instructions and workflow including users locking use in day-to-day life, while protecting users against phishing themselves out of their operating system or thinking they had and man-in-the-middle attacks [8]. -
Lessons from Others for Future U.S. Army Operations in and Through the Information Environment CASE STUDIES
C O R P O R A T I O N Lessons from Others for Future U.S. Army Operations in and Through the Information Environment CASE STUDIES Christopher Paul, Colin P. Clarke, Michael Schwille, Jakub P. Hlávka, Michael A. Brown, Steven S. Davenport, Isaac R. Porche III, Joel Harding For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1925z2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9997-6 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2018 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover photos (clockwise from top left): Giorgio Montersino via Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0); U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Adawn Kelsey; U.S. Air Force photo by Tech Sgt John Gordinier; U.S. Air National Guard photo by Master Sgt Andrew J. Moseley; Russian Ministry of Defence (CC BY 4.0); North Korean national media Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. -
Untraceable Links: Technology Tricks Used by Crooks to Cover Their Tracks
UNTRACEABLE LINKS: TECHNOLOGY TRICKS USED BY CROOKS TO COVER THEIR TRACKS New mobile apps, underground networks, and crypto-phones are appearing daily. More sophisticated technologies such as mesh networks allow mobile devices to use public Wi-Fi to communicate from one device to another without ever using the cellular network or the Internet. Anonymous and encrypted email services are under development to evade government surveillance. Learn how these new technology capabilities are making anonymous communication easier for fraudsters and helping them cover their tracks. You will learn how to: Define mesh networks. Explain the way underground networks can provide untraceable email. Identify encrypted email services and how they work. WALT MANNING, CFE President Investigations MD Green Cove Springs, FL Walt Manning is the president of Investigations MD, a consulting firm that conducts research related to future crimes while also helping investigators market and develop their businesses. He has 35 years of experience in the fields of criminal justice, investigations, digital forensics, and e-discovery. He retired with the rank of lieutenant after a 20-year career with the Dallas Police Department. Manning is a contributing author to the Fraud Examiners Manual, which is the official training manual of the ACFE, and has articles published in Fraud Magazine, Police Computer Review, The Police Chief, and Information Systems Security, which is a prestigious journal in the computer security field. “Association of Certified Fraud Examiners,” “Certified Fraud Examiner,” “CFE,” “ACFE,” and the ACFE Logo are trademarks owned by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, Inc. The contents of this paper may not be transmitted, re-published, modified, reproduced, distributed, copied, or sold without the prior consent of the author. -
Efail: Breaking S/MIME and Openpgp Email Encryption Using Exfiltration Channels
Efail: Breaking S/MIME and OpenPGP Email Encryption using Exfiltration Channels Damian Poddebniak and Christian Dresen, Münster University of Applied Sciences; Jens Müller, Ruhr University Bochum; Fabian Ising and Sebastian Schinzel, Münster University of Applied Sciences; Simon Friedberger, NXP Semiconductors, Belgium; Juraj Somorovsky and Jörg Schwenk, Ruhr University Bochum https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/poddebniak This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 27th USENIX Security Symposium. August 15–17, 2018 • Baltimore, MD, USA ISBN 978-1-939133-04-5 Open access to the Proceedings of the 27th USENIX Security Symposium is sponsored by USENIX. Efail: Breaking S/MIME and OpenPGP Email Encryption using Exfiltration Channels Damian Poddebniak1, Christian Dresen1, Jens Muller¨ 2, Fabian Ising1, Sebastian Schinzel1, Simon Friedberger3, Juraj Somorovsky2, and Jorg¨ Schwenk2 1Munster¨ University of Applied Sciences 2Ruhr University Bochum 3NXP Semiconductors, Belgium Abstract is designed to protect user data in such scenarios. With end-to-end encryption, the email infrastructure becomes OpenPGP and S/MIME are the two prime standards merely a transportation service for opaque email data and for providing end-to-end security for emails. We de- no compromise – aside from the endpoints of sender or scribe novel attacks built upon a technique we call mal- receiver – should affect the security of an end-to-end en- leability gadgets to reveal the plaintext of encrypted crypted email. emails. We use CBC/CFB gadgets to inject malicious plaintext snippets into encrypted emails. These snippets S/MIME and OpenPGP. The two most prominent stan- abuse existing and standard conforming backchannels to dards offering end-to-end encryption for email, S/MIME exfiltrate the full plaintext after decryption. -
Threats to Journalists' Digital
SOUNDING THE ALARM FOR “WATCHDOGS”: THREATS TO JOURNALISTS’ DIGITAL SAFETY AND PROTECTION STRATEGIES ALL TEXT should be the same s A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Communication, Culture and Technology No page number By Yaolin Chen, B.A. Washington, DC April 20, 2020 Copyright 2020 by Yaolin Chen All Rights Reserved ii The research and writing of this thesis are dedicated to journalists who pursue truths with life-long efforts Many thanks, Yaolin Chen iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Objective ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. This Thesis .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 2. Literature Review .......................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Consequence of Digital Surveillance and Malware Attacks on Journalists ......................................... 7 2.2 Means of Digital Surveillance and Malware Attacks on Journalists ................................................. 12 2.3 Factors Contributing Journalists’ Vulnerability to Digital Surveillance and Malware Attacks -
Environmental Data and Governance Initiative Website Access Assessment Report Removal of Information and Reductio
Environmental Data and Governance Initiative Website Access Assessment Report envirodatagov.org | [email protected] Removal of Information and Reduction in Access to Resources on the EPA’s Clean Water Rule Website June 29, 2017 EDGI DISCLAIMER - The information and images within this report are for general information purposes only. The scope of this report is limited to version tracking information of publicly available websites. EDGI has no control over the nature, content, or sustained availability of the websites we monitor. While EDGI works to assure that the information in this report is correct, that information is subject to the limitations of version tracking software, and is provided “as is.” EDGI makes no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness or reliability of this information, nor does EDGI intend to assess any agency or entity’s intentions or rationale for the demonstrated changes to any web pages or other online content that appear in this report. Do not rely on the information in this report as predictive, or ascribe intent not presented within the report. In no event will EDGI or any of its members be liable for the use or misuse of the information in this report. Please consult with an appropriately qualified expert if you require qualitative evaluation of or advice about the content of this report. June 29, 2017 Removal of Information and Reduction in Access to Resources on the EPA’s Clean Water Rule Website The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) overhauled its website pertaining to the “Clean Water Rule,” also referred to as “Waters of the U.S.” (WOTUS) Rule. -
The Webauthn Standard: Why It Should Matter to the Public Sector and How It Works Executive Summary
WEBAUTHN WHITE PAPER SERIES: MAY 2020 The WebAuthn Standard: Why It Should Matter to the Public Sector and How It Works Executive Summary This paper is the second in a series of WebAuthn whitepapers published by Yubico. For an introduction to WebAuthn and why it is both more secure and easier to use, see the first paper, Introducing WebAuthn: Enabling a Streamlined and More Secure User Authentication Experience. Most websites, services, and applications have difficulty providing secure, convenient authentication for users. Passwords are the problem. They tend to be either so simple they are easily guessed by hackers or so complex they are hard for users to remember. And all passwords, regardless of their complexity, are vulnerable to phishing and data breaches. Fortunately, WebAuthn, a new web authentication standard approved in March 2019 by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), makes it easy for websites, services, and applications to offer strong authenti- cation without relying on passwords. By replacing passwords with strong authentication based on public key cryptography, in which the private key never leaves the user’s device, WebAuthn makes authentication both easier to use and more secure, benefitting users and service providers alike. The WebAuthn standard is already supported by all major browsers and most platforms including: ● Windows 10 ● Android ● Google Chrome ● Mozilla Firefox ● Microsoft Edge ● Apple Safari ● Apple iOS WebAuthn supports various models for account authentication, leveraging both external roaming authenticators, such as hardware security keys, and authenticators built into computing and mobile devices, such as fingerprint readers and facial recognition technology. Applications and web services can choose to implement WebAuthn for passwordless authentication, two-factor authentication (2FA), and multi-factor authentication (MFA).