RAF Halton Ecology Technical Appraisal
On behalf of Defence Infrastructure Organisation
Project Ref: 40608/3001 | Rev: 001 | Date: June 2018
Office Address: Caversham Bridge House, Waterman Place, Reading, Berkshire RG1 8DN T: +44 (0)118 950 0761 E: [email protected] Ecology Technical Appraisal RAF Halton
Document Control Sheet
Project Name: RAF Halton Project Ref: 40608 Report Title: Ecology Technical Appraisal Doc Ref: 40608/3001 Date: June 2018
Name Position Signature Date
June 2018 Prepared by: Becky Blamey Senior Ecologist BB
June 2018 Reviewed by: Helen Evriviades Associate Ecologist HE
Approved by: Marc Rennie Associate MR June 2018
For and on behalf of Peter Brett Associates LLP
Revision Date Description Prepared Reviewed Approved
1 June 2018 Final BB HE MR
This report has been prepared by Peter Brett Associates LLP (‘PBA’) on behalf of its client to whom this report is addressed (‘Client’) in connection with the project described in this report and takes into account the Client's particular instructions and requirements. This report was prepared in accordance with the professional services appointment under which PBA was appointed by its Client. This report is not intended for and should not be relied on by any third party (i.e. parties other than the Client). PBA accepts no duty or responsibility (including in negligence) to any party other than the Client and disclaims all liability of any nature whatsoever to any such party in respect of this report.
© Peter Brett Associates LLP 2018
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Contents
Executive Summary ...... 1 1 Introduction ...... 2 1.1 Overview ...... 2 1.2 Site Location ...... 2 1.3 Project Background ...... 2 1.4 Planning Status ...... 3 1.5 Appraisal Objectives ...... 3 2 Methodology ...... 5 2.1 Overview ...... 5 2.2 Desk Study ...... 5 2.3 Walkover Survey ...... 5 2.4 Stakeholder Event ...... 6 2.5 RAF Halton ...... 6 2.6 Limitations ...... 6 2.7 Report Qualification ...... 6 3 Baseline Ecological Conditions ...... 7 3.1 Overview ...... 7 3.2 Designated Areas for Nature Conservation ...... 7 3.3 On-Site Habitats ...... 11 3.4 Species ...... 17 4 Guiding Design Principles ...... 24 4.1 Overview ...... 24 4.2 Planning Context ...... 24 4.3 Design Principles ...... 26 5 Further Survey ...... 28 5.1 Overview ...... 28 6 Conclusion ...... 30 7 References ...... 31 8 Figures ...... 33
Figures
Figure 1: Aerial Photography and Habitat Areas ...... 33 Figure 2: Statutory Designated Areas ...... 34 Figure 3: Photographs of the Site ...... 35
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Appendices
Appendix A Nature Conservation Legislation and Planning Policy Appendix B Designated Areas For Nature Conservation
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Executive Summary
The Defence Infrastructure Organisation (DIO) are seeking the allocation of RAF Halton, Buckinghamshire (the ‘Site) (Figure 1) within the emerging Vale of Aylesbury Local Plan (VALP). An 82 hectare subset of the 298 hectare wider RAF Halton site has been identified for the provision of 1,000 residential units with associated commercial, community and transport infrastructure development.
Peter Brett Associates LLP (PBA) was instructed by the DIO to undertake an ecological appraisal of RAF Halton to inform the allocation within the Proposed Submission VALP. A high-level desk study and site walkover were completed in 2017 to establish ecological features associated with the Allocation Site and wider RAF Halton. This information has formed the basis of this ecological appraisal alongside a review of planning policies and legislation relating to protected and notable species.
Work undertaken on behalf of AVDC (LUC, 2017) has identified that the allocation of RAF Halton will not have a significant effect upon European designated sites. There are three separate UK statutory designated areas within 2km of RAF Halton: Weston Turville Reservoirs Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), Aston Clinton Ragpits SSSI and Dancersend SSSI. Natural England identified the potential for recreational impacts upon the SSSIs, and suggested potential solutions (design led mitigation) (Natural England, 2017). The habitats within the Allocation Site include woodland, high and low quality grassland and the built environment. Some of these habitats are designated as Habitat of Principal Importance (HPI) under the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act, with ancient woodland and / or non-statutory designated areas either within or close the Allocation Site.
The habitats within RAF Halton can be expected to support a range of protected or notable species. Baseline survey work will need to be completed at the detailed design stage to better understand the distribution of notable habitats and protected species within the Allocation Site, and develop strategies to avoid, mitigate or compensate for the potential impacts of the specific redevelopment proposals. It is expected that the scope of those surveys, and timing in relation to the disposal of RAF Halton, will be agreed as part of the preparation of the Supplementary Planning Document (SPD).
The masterplan will allow for the retention of those habitats assessed as being of greatest ecological value including, the woodland and some of the grassland areas. The majority of the new built footprint will therefore fall within existing areas of development associated with the RAF Camp and habitats of low ecological value (sports pitches, amenity grassland and existing hardstanding). Jointly these measures, combined with new areas of linking habitat, create a robust network that connects habitats within the Allocation Site and wider environment such that conditions for protected and notable species likely to be associated with the Site will be maintained and potentially enhanced.
The masterplan will retain key ecological features, enhancing their value by creating a coherent network of habitat relevant to species likely to be present. Providing it can also be demonstrated that the proposed redevelopment can avoid impacts on nearby designated areas, there is no reason relating to ecological matters that prevents allocation of the Site for redevelopment in the manner and scale anticipated.
This Executive Summary contains an overview of the key findings and conclusions. However, no reliance should be placed on any part of the Executive Summary until the whole of the report has been read.
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1 Introduction
1.1 Overview
1.1.1 Peter Brett Associates LLP (PBA) was instructed by the Defence Infrastructure Organisation (DIO) to inform masterplan design development and provide an Ecological Technical Appraisal to support the allocation of RAF Halton within the Vale of Aylesbury Local Plan.
1.2 Site Location
1.2.1 RAF Halton is located at Halton, Buckinghamshire, directly north-east of Wendover at central grid reference SP 87907 09921 (see Figure 1). It comprises a total of 298 ha, which includes an operational airfield and associated Halton Camp. RAF Halton lies between the Weston Road in the north-west and the Wendover Woods in the south-east. To the south-west the Site is bordered by woodland. Farmland is present to the north-west of RAF Halton as well as the settlement of Weston Turville. The village of Aston Clinton lies to the north-east.
1.2.2 In terms of the wider RAF Halton setting, the surrounding landscape is largely agricultural, interspersed with small villages and, to the south, with pockets of woodland. Aylesbury town lies approximately 2.1 km to the north-west.
1.3 Project Background
1.3.1 RAF Halton was identified for closure on 7th November 2016 as part of the Ministry of Defence (‘MOD’) and the DIO’s ‘A Better Defence Estate’ programme. The programme sets out plans to achieve a more efficient, modern and capability focused Defence Estate. The document established that those sites released from operational requirements should deliver 55,000 homes as part of the Government’s wider housing policy. The document identifies that the disposal date for RAF Halton is 2022 and the Site will be available for development from then on.
1.3.2 RAF Halton has an important role to play in delivering the Government’s surplus housing land agenda and making more land available for homes in the right places. At RAF Halton the Government is seeking to maximise the contribution from brownfield and surplus public land. The site has a critical role in delivering the wider DIO’s estate optimisation programme.
1.3.3 Moreover, RAF Halton sits within the Cambridge – Milton Keynes – Oxford corridor. The National Infrastructure Commission has published a report entitled ‘Partnering for Prosperity: A new deal for the Cambridge-Milton Keynes-Oxford Arc’. The Commission identifies opportunities to create well-designed, well-connected new communities and deliver one million new homes and jobs in the area by 2050.
1.3.4 RAF Halton is situated within the administrative boundary of Aylesbury Vale District Council. In January 2017, Aylesbury was awarded ‘Garden Town’ status. Garden Town status provides the opportunity to develop Aylesbury and the surrounding area in a sustainable manner. A long term masterplan for the town will be developed looking at improving transport links and green infrastructure.
1.3.5 A Consultant Team has been commissioned by DIO to produce an evidence base and masterplan to support and underpin the site allocation (D-HAL003) (which covers a subset of the wider RAF Halton Site) within the Proposed Submission Vale of Aylesbury Local Plan 2013-2033 (‘VALP’). D-HAL003 is hereafter referred to as the ‘Allocation Site’; the distinction between this, and the ‘wider RAF Halton’ is shown on Figure 1. The extent of the DIO ownership (i.e. wider RAF Halton) is 298 hectares, with the Allocation Site extending to 82 hectares. The Allocation Site includes Halton Station, Maitland and Henderson which comprise RAF barracks and training facilities. The Allocation Site excludes Halton House and
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its grounds, a number of open recreation areas, areas of woodland and the airfield and associated buildings.
1.3.6 The 82ha site of RAF Halton (site allocation HAL003) is allocated for around 1,000 homes during the Plan period and associated infrastructure, services and facilities including a primary school, new local centre, new access routes if needed and new green infrastructure.
1.3.7 In addition, the proposals should comply with the following criteria:
a. Provision of land for 1,000 dwellings during this plan period at a density that takes account of the existing curtilage of the buildings on the site, and that of the adjacent settlement character and identity if appropriate.
b. Be planned using a landscape-led approach, taking account of the character and setting of the Chilterns AONB
c. Provision of junction improvements onto the B4009 Upper Icknield Way
d. Provision for public transport into Wendover and to surrounding areas
e. Establishment of and safeguarding for a network of cycling and walking links
f. Provision of green infrastructure to link to other new development areas and the wider countryside
g. Provision of land, buildings and car parking for a combined primary school including playing field provision
h. Provision of land, buildings and car parking for a new local centre including community hall.
1.3.8 A masterplan Supplementary Planning Document (‘SPD’) will be produced for the Allocation Site. The redevelopment of RAF Halton will have regard to and be accordance with this masterplan SPD and the policies for the delivery of Aylesbury Garden Town.
1.4 Planning Status
1.4.1 The VALP underwent an initial ‘Issues and Options’ consultation in 2015, with a Draft VALP issued in 2016. During the subsequent consultation on the draft plan, representation was made by the DIO for RAF Halton.
1.4.2 AVDC then issued the VALP Proposed Submission, which included a Sustainability Appraisal, Habitats Regulation Assessment (HRA) and the publication of updated capacity work on sites around the Vale. The Proposed Submission VALP, following consideration by the council, then underwent consultation and was submitted to the Secretary of State in February 2018. The soundness of the VALP will be considered during Examination in Public (EiP) in July 2018.
1.5 Appraisal Objectives
1.5.1 This document sets out an ecological appraisal in respect of the site allocation. This document has been prepared to inform the EiP, with further work planned to support the SPD.
1.5.2 This appraisal therefore sets out:
a high level description of the ecological baseline;
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initial consideration of the potential for constraints and opportunities associated with redevelopment of the Allocation Site; and
the ecological design principles for the preparation of the masterplan which will be developed as part of the SPD preparation following the EiP.
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2 Methodology
2.1 Overview
2.1.1 The section below sets out the methodology used to inform the ecological appraisal.
2.2 Desk Study
2.2.1 A desk-based review exercise was conducted using third party and open-access resources to identify relevant existing ecological data in relation to the Site and its surrounds. This included consideration of:
Information relating to statutory designated areas for nature conservation within a 2 km radius of the Site (extended to 10 km for European or internationally designated areas), as held on the Multi-Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside (MAGIC) website;
Habitats listed in accordance with Section 41 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act (2006), and ancient woodland parcels within a 2 km radius of the Site as held by MAGIC;
Records held on MAGIC for European Protected Species (EPS) licences granted within 1 km of the Site;
A data return from Buckinghamshire and Milton Keynes Environmental Records Centre (BMERC) providing information on non-statutory designated areas and protected and notable species records within 2 km of the Site;
Natural England’s Impact Risk Zones (IRZs) covering the Site as held by MAGIC;
Aerial photography of the Site and its surrounds;
The Buckinghamshire and Milton Keynes Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) (to establish local biodiversity priorities); and
Survey data for the site, made available to PBA by the DIO.
2.2.2 Further to the above, the Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Trust (ARC) were contacted in relation to records of natterjack toad Bufo calamita.
2.3 Walkover Survey
2.3.1 An ecological walkover survey of the Site was undertaken on 8th May 2017 by Paul Howden- Leach, MCIEEM. During the Site visit weather conditions were overcast, dry, with very light wind (Beaufort-scale 3) and a temperature of 16 C. The walkover survey considered all areas within the redline as shown on Figure 1. ⁰ 2.3.2 During the survey, habitat types were broadly identified and the potential for these to support protected and/or notable species was assessed, to enable consideration of ecological constraints and opportunities associated with redevelopment of the Site. In this context, notable species are those which receive no legal protection, but are either a Species of Principal Importance (SPI) via the provisions of Section 41 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006, or are a priority species under the Buckinghamshire and Milton Keynes BAP.
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2.4 Stakeholder Event
2.4.1 A stakeholder event was held on 4th June 2018, whereby local stakeholders were invited to provide comment, identify concerns or aspirations in relation to the proposals for the Allocation Site. At this event, one ‘key topic’ identified for discussion was the ‘Natural Environment’. Comments applicable to this ecological appraisal are considered where appropriate.
2.5 RAF Halton
2.5.1 As described in the Introduction, the VALP identifies the Allocation Site (D-HAL003), which covers only 82 hectares of the 298 hectare wider RAF Halton. Whilst it is acknowledged this report only relates to the Allocation Site for the purposes of the EiP, it is considered appropriate, given the wider land ownership boundary, to consider the context of the wider RAF Halton. As such, the latter sections of this report consider both the wider RAF Halton site, and the Allocation Site, making distinction as appropriate.
2.6 Limitations
2.6.1 The walkover survey was completed within the optimal period for habitat and vegetation surveys (April to September). A such, it is considered that appropriate ecological information was collected adequately inform a high level appraisal (and subsequent masterplanning) by identifying relevant potential ecological constraints and opportunities.
2.7 Report Qualification
2.7.1 The survey and reporting described was undertaken in accordance with the best practice methodologies current at the time of commissioning, in accordance with the Code of Professional Conduct of the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (CIEEM). Site circumstances, scientific knowledge or methodological requirements can change during the course of a project and these external factors may impact on the scope of subsequent work requirements.
2.7.2 This report does not purport to provide detailed, specialist legal advice. Where legislation is referenced, the reader should consult the original legal text and/or the advice of a qualified environmental lawyer.
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3 Baseline Ecological Conditions
3.1 Overview
3.1.1 This section of the report provides the results of the desk study and a broad description of habitats. Consideration is then given to the potential for these habitats or features to support protected or notable species. For each potential ecological feature, high level constraints and opportunities which are likely to be relevant to redevelopment of the Site, are outlined.
3.2 Designated Areas for Nature Conservation
European Statutory Designated Areas
3.2.1 Within a 10 km radius of the wider RAF Halton there are six parcels of the Chilterns Beechwoods Special Area of Conservation (SAC (shown on Figure 2). The Chilterns Beechwoods are designated for their Annex 1 Asperulo-Fageturm beech forests habitat. In addition, the Annex 1 habitat, semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Bromatalia), and the Annex 1 species stag beetle Lucanus cervus, are both present within the SAC. These are identified as qualifying features, rather than a primary reason for selection. The SAC in total covers more than 1,250 ha, and parcels are located up to 35 km from one another. The closest parcel of the SAC to the wider RAF Halton is c. 2.6 km to the east.
3.2.2 The wider RAF Halton site is separated from the closest part of the SAC by a further two areas of woodland, such that indirect effects associated with future development relating to, for example, surface water, nutrient and particulate pollution, are extremely unlikely to occur. The likelihood of drainage related impacts are further reduced by the topography of the land, with the intervening woodland being on an escarpment, on higher ground than the wider RAF Halton.
3.2.3 The Site Improvement Plan for the Chilterns Beechwoods SAC identifies two priority issues of potential relevance to the future development of the Site, relating to the increase in the local population. These are: “6. Public Access / Disturbance”, and “7. Air Pollution: impact of atmospheric nitrogen deposition”. The former is considered potentially relevant given the current public access to the parcel of SAC closest to the wider RAF Halton site. The latter is also considered potentially relevant on account of existing road infrastructure directly adjacent to the parcel of the SAC closest to the Site, from which increases in traffic volumes could result in changes to nitrogen deposition.
3.2.4 It should be noted that woodland habitats are typically one of the most robust habitat types in withstanding recreational pressure and can generally absorb increases in recreational visits better than other habitat types (Forestry Commission undated). The concerns associated with public access / disturbance as detailed in the Chilterns Beechwoods SAC Site Improvement Plan relate to the removal of dead wood associated with stag beetle populations (Natural England, 2015). A management plan is already in place to address this threat, and includes, of relevance: “Engage visitors in the nature conservation features of the SAC and how they are best conserved, (for example how deadwood needs to be left in- situ to provide habitat). Achieve this through rangering, interpretation/events and websites (integrated into existing activities or as new activities)”.
3.2.5 In relation to nitrogen deposition, the Site Improvement Plan identified that a site nitrogen action plan would need to be prepared, noting that “Atmospheric nitrogen deposition exceeds the critical loads for ecosystem protection. Some parts of the site are recorded as unfavourable (recovering), but impacts associated with nitrogen deposition are unclear.”. The A41 is a dual carriageway which lies adjacent to the northern extent of the parcel of the SAC closest to the Site, with smaller local roads also located adjacent to this parcel.
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3.2.6 As part of the VALP preparation, a Screening Statement to inform the requirement for an Appropriate Assessment under the Habitats Regulations was undertaken on the policies (including allocations) within the Proposed Submission VALP. In August 2017 an addendum to the HRA was completed to take account of the RAF Halton allocation, and other changes in policy. This addendum (LUC, 2017) considered the potential impacts of the allocation upon the SAC in the context of both air pollution and recreational pressure, and states:
3.2.7 “Chiltern Beechwoods SAC – air pollution: The potential changes to the VALP would effectively replace one allocation previously proposed north of Wendover for an alternative allocation at the Halton RAF base; this would increase the scale of growth by 200 dwellings. This is a relatively modest increase within the context of the total plan growth, the effects of which have previously be modelled and found to be insignificant, with considerable headroom for additional growth before the 1,000AADT screening threshold could be reached. As such the effect of the potential changes to the VALP may be dismissed as de minimis and the conclusion of no likely significant effects remains valid.
3.2.8 Chiltern Beechwoods SAC –recreational pressure: The potential changes to the VALP would increase the scale and decrease the proximity of development within the theoretical visitor catchment for the SAC (moving it approximately 1km closer), particularly with regards to the Tring Woodlands SSSI component. However, given that the Halton RAF site is surrounded by attractive and accessible woodland which extends across the landscape between this site and the SAC, it is therefore highly unlikely that new residents would walk nearly 3km to get to the SAC.
3.2.9 Residents would also be unlikely to drive to Tring Woodlands SSSI as there are no car parks at the woods. The specific effect of increasing recreational pressure identified in the Site Improvement Plan is the removal of deadwood by local residents, which could result habitat for stag beetles, however as highlighted in the original HRA, local residents who may be likely to take dead wood from woodland sites are unlikely to travel significant distances for such an excursion. As such the effect of the potential changes to the VALP can be dismissed as de minimis and the conclusion of no likely significant effects remains valid.”
3.2.10 The potential impact of the allocation proposals in the context of the remaining VALP policies were also considered as part of the HRA addendum, stating “The conclusions of the screening assessment of the Vale of Aylesbury Draft Local Plan therefore remain valid in light of the potential changes to the VALP. It may still be concluded that the Local Plan (including the potential changes) would not have any likely significant effects upon the Natura 2000 network and as such no Appropriate Assessment of the plan is necessary.” (LUC, 2017).
3.2.11 In summary, therefore, recreational impacts and changes to the nitrogen deposition upon the SAC have considered unlikely to result in significant impacts upon the SAC, and is not considered further within this report.
UK Statutory Designated Areas
3.2.12 Six Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) of national importance were identified by the MAGIC search within 2 km of the wider RAF Halton site; these are shown on Figure 2.
3.2.13 The closest of these statutory designated areas to the wider RAF Halton is Weston Turville Reservoir SSSI, located approximated 330 m south west. This SSSI is a freshwater reservoir, with associated fringe habitats of high ecological value, such as reed beds, fen and willow carr. The reservoir is important for overwintering waterfowl, and of national significance for overwintering shoveler Anas clypeata. The SSSI is also important for breeding birds, invertebrates, and has nationally or locally notable plant species also present (mudwort Limosella aquatic, orange foxtail Alopecurus aequalis, and grey club Scirpus tabernaemontani).
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3.2.14 Two further SSSI’s are located within close proximity to the wider RAF Halton; Aston Clinton Ragpits SSSI is located c. 690 m to the east, and Dancersend SSSI is located c. 970 m east.
3.2.15 Aston Clinton Ragpits is an area of chalk grassland with screening woodland and hedgerow habitat. It is noted for its botanical interest and supports a number of county rare species. Aston Clinton Ragpits SSSI also has invertebrate interest, including the Duke of Burgundy Haymearis lucina butterfly, which is a Species of Principal Importance (SPI) under the NERC Act.
3.2.16 Dancersend SSSI comprises a mosaic of unimproved chalk grassland, scrub, coppiced and regeneration woodland and plantation habitats. The citation information for the SSSI notes it as being important for Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), with multiple SPI recorded here, as well as Homoptera (bugs). Dancersend SSSI also supports glow worm Lampyris noctiluca and a number of breeding birds. The edible dormouse Glis glis (a non-native invasive species which was introduced into the wild close to this SSSI in the early 20th Century), is also present.
3.2.17 There are two further SSSI’s located within a 2 km radius of the wider RAF Halton (one of which is also designated as a Local Nature Reserve (LNR)). Both are located close to the limit of the 2 km radius, and are summarised within Appendix B. Due to the intervening distance, the locations of these more distant SSSIs/LNRs are considered unlikely to constrain proposals for the Allocation Site within the emerging Local Plan.
3.2.18 The Allocation Site falls within several Natural England SSSI Impact Risk Zones (IRZs) for the above SSSIs. These detail criteria for developments which should be subject to consultation with Natural England with regards to potential impacts on SSSIs. Collectively, criteria for IRZs which cover the Allocation Site and are considered of potential relevance to the development proposals include:
50 or more residential units outside existing settlements/urban areas;
100 residential units or more;
Large non-residential developments outside existing settlements/urban areas where footprint exceeds 1ha;
Pipelines, pylons and overhead cables. Any transport proposal including road, rail and by water (excluding routine maintenance). Airports, helipads and other aviation proposals1.
Any discharge of water or liquid waste that is more than 5m³/day. The water needs to either be discharged to ground (i.e. to seep away) or to surface water, such as a beck or stream. Discharges to mains sewer are excluded.
3.2.19 AVDC has consulted with Natural England on the Proposed Submission VALP. Natural England have provided a consultation response, which included acknowledgement that RAF Halton was near to SSSI (as well as other features of ecological interest), and identifying that the allocation proposals could result in recreational impacts. They state that “wording should be added to the site specific description to highlight the neighbouring sites of ecological value. The 50% green infrastructure on site should focus on providing a similar experience to the adjacent Ancient Woodland to keep people on-site. Mitigation options for recreational disturbance can include offsite works such as signage, fencing and footpath creation within the protected sites to minimise recreational disturbance such as trampling of vegetation, dog fouling, and disturbance of wildlife”.
1 This proposal aspect has been included for the reference to ‘roads’. It is unknown from the description provided within the IRZ what grade of road the IRZ refers to. Given however new infrastructure will be required to achieve the proposals, this has been included at the current time.
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3.2.20 Taking into account the comments from Natural England, and the IRZs, the potential impacts upon the three closest SSSIs to the Site are considered to most likely result from;
Increases in recreational pressure on the SSSIs, resulting from an increase in residential units in the area;
Changes to the nutrient enrichment and therefore the botanical composition of the SSSIs, resulting from either chemical or particulate pollution emanating from increased traffic, the construction stages or changes to the drainage regimes either during construction or operation; and
Disturbance to key species using the SSSIs during both construction and operation; for example, to wintering birds.
3.2.21 These potential constraints to development are considered further in Section 4 below as part of the appraisal of masterplan designs.
Non-statutory Designated Areas
3.2.22 There are 12 Local Wildlife Sites (LWS), and four Biological Notification Site (BNS) within the 2 km radius of the Site. LWS support the ‘most important habitats and species in Buckinghamshire and Milton Keynes’ (BMERC, data search results). In comparison, BNS preceded LWS as a non-statutory designation, and are in the process of being re-surveyed to determine whether they also qualify as LWS (BMERC, data search results). Until this process is complete, both BNS and LWS constitute ecological non-statutory designated areas.
3.2.23 Non-statutory designated areas are not legally protected, but are afforded a degree of protection through the planning system, as guided by relevant national and local planning policies. There are no adopted biodiversity Local Plan policies for this area2, however draft policy NE2 states:
“…If significant harm resulting from a development cannot be adequately mitigated, or as a last resort compensated for on site, then development will not be permitted; and
Development in Local Wildlife Sites and Biological Notification Sites will only be permitted where the benefits of development clearly outweigh harm to nature conservation interests. Additionally, where every effort has been made to minimise harm, and where appropriate mitigation and where possible enhancement measures can be put in place…”
3.2.24 Of the non-statutory designated areas within the 2 km radius of the wider RAF Halton, there are several located within and / or in close proximity, such that redevelopment proposals could adversely affect their designation criteria. Dealing first with LWS, and then the BNS, a description of the relevant designated areas with potential to be impacted by future redevelopment Allocation Site are provided below.
3.2.25 The RAF Halton: N and SW of Haddington Hill LWS (reference 80Z03) falls almost entirely within the wider RAF Halton and partially within the Allocation Site. This LWS is located on the south-east boundary of RAF Halton, adjacent to Wendover Woods. It comprises an area of chalk grassland known to support orchids (including the Buckinghamshire rare pyramidal orchid).
3.2.26 Wendover Woods LWS (reference 80Z04) lies adjacent to (and partially extends into) the south-east of the wider RAF Halton. This LWS comprises a mixed commercial plantation
2 The Aylesbury Vale Local Plan (adopted in 2004), was withdrawn in January 2014, with no saved policies for biodiversity. In the absence of the new Vale of Aylesbury Local Plan (anticipated to be adopted summer 2018), it is anticipated than planning decisions would defer to applicable national policy. The draft policies for biodiversity have been referenced here for context.
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woodland, managed by the Forestry Commission, and is subject to heavy recreational use (BMERC citation). The composition of the woodland varies in response to the management regime, and includes beech dominant stands, conifer stands and areas of recently felled woodland.
3.2.27 Finally, the Halton Camp Meadow LWS (reference 80Z02) is and an area of chalk grassland, located to close to the south-west boundary of the wider RAF Halton (approximately 55m south of RAF Halton, or 395m south of the Allocation Site).
3.2.28 The nearby BNS of relevant to the future redevelopment of RAF Halton include the Grand Union Canal, Wendover Arm (canal with vegetated banks), Green Park at Aston Clinton (overgrown arboretum with two springs), and Halton Hospital (cut grassland with herb rich, uncut edges).
3.2.29 Further information on the designation criteria for the remaining LWS and BNS is contained within Appendix B.
3.2.30 The future residential redevelopment of RAF Halton, primarily for residential purposes, could adversely affect all three of the nearby LWS described above, as well as those BNS within a close proximity, through an increase in disturbance, and potential increases in pollution (particulate and chemical) changing the level of nutrient enrichment and the botanical community. The NERC Act places a duty on the LPA to have regard for biodiversity which, in this context, includes both the LWS and BNS. Furthermore, the draft policy wording of policy NE2, places an emphasis on the retention of non-statutory designated areas, and where impacts are still anticipated, appropriate mitigation and possible enhancement measures can be put in place. The Natural England consultation response to the VALP (as referred to in Paragraph 3.2.19) also identified the presence of locally designated areas flagged the potential for recreational disturbance. The Natural England response also however identified the ‘possible solutions’ which are discussed further in the following section.
Notable Habitats
3.2.31 The MAGIC search has identified a large area of semi-natural ancient woodland which spans Haddington Hill and Wendover Woods; extends into the south eastern boundary of the wider RAF Halton, and so lies directly adjacent to the Allocation Site. The MAGIC search also identified several small areas of semi-natural ancient woodland within the wider RAF Halton boundary; these are shown on Figure 2 and include Tops Wood; Rowborough Copse; Haddington Hill and Marl Copse (none fall within the Allocation Site).
3.2.32 The MAGIC portal Priority Habitats Inventory layer also identified areas of lowland deciduous woodland, traditional orchards and wood pasture and parkland priority habitats across the Allocation Site and wider RAF Halton. These encompass, and extend beyond the ancient woodland parcels described above. An area of ‘good quality semi-improved grassland’ (MAGIC) was also identified within 500 m to the east of the wider RAF Halton, at Coombe Hill; these habitats are also shown on Figure 2, (bottom right inset).
3.3 On-Site Habitats
3.3.1 The wider RAF Halton comprises a range of habitats which predominantly include, woodland, grassland and built areas, as shown from the aerial photography on Figure 1. The Grand Union Canal, Wendover Arm, whilst outside of RAF Halton, divides the northern and southern parts of the wider RAF Halton. The Canal also flows immediately adjacent to the western boundary of the southern part of RAF Halton. The built aspects of Halton Camp predominantly lie within the centre and south of RAF Halton. There is also a collection of hangars on the edge of the airfield in the north. Halton House, currently used as the officers’ mess, is located on the eastern boundary of RAF Halton. There are extensive areas of grassed recreational grounds, interspersed with scattered trees and treelines, also present within the wider RAF
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Halton. Two woodland parcels are present in the northern part; to the north and south of the airfield respectively. Generally, woodland forms the eastern, southern and south western boundaries, with the woodland parcels extending into the centre of the southern portion of the wider RAF Halton in places.
3.3.2 The Allocation Site comprises the majority of the built areas of the wider RAF Halton (with some notable exceptions). It includes woodland, recreational grassland, grassland managed for hay cut, and the built areas and associated infrastructure.
Woodland
3.3.3 There are several woodland parcels within the wider RAF Halton; due to the variation between these areas, numerical references have been provided which refer to those shown on Figure 1. Parts of the woodland areas described below as Areas 3, 4 and 6 fall within the Allocation Site.
3.3.4 All woodland areas within the wider RAF Halton (and Allocation Site) qualify as the ‘Lowland mixed deciduous woodland’ Habitat of Principal Importance under the NERC Act 2006, which includes ‘woodland growing on the full range of soil conditions, from very acidic to base-rich, and takes in most semi-natural woodland in southern and eastern England.’. There are three woodland types that contribute to the Buckinghamshire and Milton Keynes Biodiversity Action Plan; lowland beech and yew woodland; lowland mixed deciduous woodland and wet woodland. Of the woodland parcels within the wider RAF Halton (and Allocation Site), several are likely to qualify lowland mixed woodland. All of the woodland areas provide, to varying degrees, suitable habitat for breeding birds, roosting, foraging and commuting bats, dormouse, badgers and saproxylic invertebrates. Some of the woodland edges provide habitat for reptiles, and where the woodlands are within 500 m of ponds (see below), they provide suitable habitat for terrestrial great crested newts. Where the woodlands have potential botanical interest, this has been noted in the descriptions of each below.
3.3.5 In woodland Area 1, on the northern boundary of the wider RAF Halton, the woodland is mixed (canopy species including ash Fraxinus excelsior, pine Pinus spp., apple Malus spp., elm Ulmus spp., sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus, and crack willow Salix fragilis). The parcel could not be fully accessed due to the presence of a dense shrub layer which included snowberry Symphoricarpos albus (along with hawthorn Crataegus Monogyna, apple, and blackthorn Prunus spinosa). A number of bird boxes (including a barn-owl Tyto alba box) and bat boxes are present within this part of RAF Halton.
3.3.6 The woodland parcel within Area 2 at the south of the airfield is broadleaved, with evidence of former use as coppice woodland. The size and age of the hazel Corylus avellana stands and maturity of some trees within the woodland, combined with the composition of the understorey, indicate that this woodland is old, potentially ancient (although not included on the inventory). The canopy species recorded include sycamore, hazel, ash, elm, beech Fagus sylvatica, with hawthorn also present blackthorn. There was not a well-defined shrub layer however the ground flora included dogs mercury Mercurialis perennis, bramble Rubus fructicosus agg., curled dock Rumex crispus and lords and ladies Arum maculatum.
3.3.7 The woodland within Area 3 forms the eastern part of the wider RAF Halton, as well as extending into its centre around Halton House (the officer’s mess). The woodland supports a number of footpaths and small tracks, and is considered likely to have expanded with time to merge with the planting around Halton House. Canopy and shrub layer species species within this area includes common lime Tilia × europaea, ash, yew Taxus baccata, hazel, holly Ilex aquifolium, wild privet Ligustrum vulgare, sycamore, beech, hazel and pine Pinus spp., with ground flora species including bramble, herb Robert Geranium robertianum, nettle Urtica dioica, dogs mercury and lords and ladies. Part of Area 3, close to the Grand Union Canal (Wendover Arm) is included within the ancient woodland inventory (Figure 2). Part of Area 3, where it extends along the side of the B4009 extends into the Allocation Site.
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3.3.8 The woodland within Area 4 also forms part of the eastern boundary, in the south-east corner of the wider RAF Halton, and extends into the Allocation Site (adjacent to the woodland habitat described by Area 3 above). The Area 4 parcel of woodland forms the western extent of a much larger block known as Wendover Woods, and is currently managed by the Forestry Commission (see above LWS). The woodland is predominantly broadleaved and has public access. The species recorded include yew, sycamore, beech, elm, common lime, holly, Corsican pine Pinus nigra, elder Sambucus nigra, snowberry, bramble, with dogs mercury, honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum, and cow parsley Anthriscus sylvestris. This parcel of woodland was noted to have a good mixed structure and understorey, and may support rarer species associated with older, or ancient woodland. The age of this area of woodland is also reflected by the inclusion of part within the ancient woodland inventory (Figure 2).
3.3.9 The mixed woodland within Area 5 forms the southern boundary of the wider RAF Halton, and is criss-crossed by numerous footpaths and tracks. Species recorded include horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum, sycamore, ash, silver birch Betula pendula, yew, ivy, pine (possibly Corsican), lords and ladies, dandelion Taraxacum officinale agg., cow parsley, bramble, nettle, hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum, hedge woundwort Stachys sylvatica, beech, holly, hawthorn. The pockets of coniferous tree species in this woodland may indicate a plantation history.
3.3.10 The woodland within Area 6 forms part of the south western boundary of the wider RAF Halton and is of noted historic interest on account of its use during WW1 as a trench digging training area. Parts of the woodland have been fenced off and were inaccessible due to the presence of asbestos containing materials (ACM). The fences had badger gates within them, indicating this species is active in the local area (see below). There are a number of ancient woodland indicator species within the ground flora, such as dogs mercury and bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, as well as patches of more pioneer species including cow parsley and nettle. The current presence of ancient woodland indicator species could be the result of previous disturbance to the soils (disturbing the seed bank within the topsoil), however part of this woodland is classed as ancient woodland through its inclusion on the ancient woodland inventory (Figure 2). Other species recorded include ash, lords and ladies and sycamore. Part of Area 6 falls within the Allocation Site.
3.3.11 The woodland within Area 7 comprises a small stand on the south western boundary of the wider RAF Halton, adjacent to the Wendover Arm of the Grand Union Canal. Access into the wood was restricted by dense vegetation, meaning survey was restricted to discrete vantage points. There appears to have been some semi-regular inundation of water into Area 7 from the watercourse on account of the presence of crack willow (which grows well on damp soils). There are a number of large mature trees and hawthorn on the edge of the woodland suggesting that this was once a former boundary. At least 50% of this woodland is also included on the ancient woodland inventory (Figure 2). Species present include ash, copper beech Fagus sylvatica f. purpurea, sycamore, elm, ivy Hedera helix, hawthorn, blackthorn, dog rose Rosa canina.
Grassland
3.3.12 As for the woodland habitat, there are multiple areas of grassland across the wider RAF Halton. These can be split into two broad categories, resulting from their management regimes. Areas of both types of grassland fall within the Allocation Site.
3.3.13 The first of these categories (shown as Area 8 on Figure 1) includes recreational areas, the main airfield (which is mown on a weekly basis) and other small pockets of amenity grassland which are either heavily disturbed, regularly mown or heavily managed. These are all species poor and of little ecological value in their current condition.
3.3.14 The second category are the areas managed for a hay-cut, or subject to less intensive management. There are three of these areas across the wider RAF Halton in total, and includes the section north of the airfield (shown as Area 9), managed for hay cut. This area
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was the least diverse of all three Area 9 parcels, and is indicative of species poor semi- improved grassland. Species recorded in this area include ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata, cowslip Primula veris, meadow foxtail Alopecurus pratensis, meadow buttercup Ranunculus acris, black knapweed Centaurea nigra, cow parsley, red fescue Festuca rubra, dandelion, teasel Dipsacus fullonum, false oat grass Arrhenatherum elatius, daisy Bellis perrennis, creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens, common vetch Vicia sativa. To the northeast the grassland becomes slightly less managed and as such hawthorn and ash scrub encroaches within the area providing a much rougher habitat than the airfield grassland. Brown hare Lepus europaeus and Chinese water deer Hydropotes inermis were recorded within this area, as well as a number of skylarks Arlauda arvensis (see sections below). The area north of the airfield provides good habitat for ground nesting birds as it is relatively undisturbed.
3.3.15 The second and third areas of higher ecological value grassland (labelled as Area 9) are located in the south-eastern corner, and on the western boundary of the Site, respectively. These are both smaller in extent than the grassland habitats located to the north of the airfield. The area in the south eastern section comprises part of the RAF Halton: N and SW of Haddington Hall LWS described above, and as such extends into the Allocation Site. This area is considered likely to have been enriched through management practice in recent years, and currently strongly resembles neutral grassland with calcareous influence in places. Species recorded include common vetch, dandelion, black knapweed, creeping buttercup, meadow buttercup, hogweed, Yorkshire fog Holcus lanata, fescue species Festuca spp., cow parsley, ribwort plantain, cowslip, hairy tare Vicia hirsuta, false oat grass, sedge species, common cats ear Hypochaeris radicata, cocksfoot grass Dactylis glomerata, germander speedwell Veronica chamaedrys and bluebell. Species recorded by site workers (Paul Howden-Leach, pers comm.) include bee orchid Ophrys apifera, common spotted orchid Dactylorhiza fuchsii, fragrant orchid Gymnadenia conopsea and pyramidal orchid Anacamptis pyramidalis; the presence of pyramidal orchid here mirroring the LWS citation. The area on the western boundary is also enriched, and resembles neutral grassland with occasional patches of calcareous influence. This area is more heavily used by dog-walkers and so more disturbed, however includes yarrow Achillea millefolium, creeping buttercup, white clover Trifolium repens, false oat grass, hogweed, dandelion, perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne, common vetch, black knapweed, cowslip, birds foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus, cow parsley, meadow buttercup, bugle Ajuga reptans, common sorrel Rumex acetosa, meadow foxtail Alopecurus pratensis and meadow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis.
3.3.16 The grassland areas shown as Area 9 are botanically more diverse than those shown as Area 8, with also diversity in the structure of the sward. This increases the suitability of these areas to support reptiles which is then reflected in the records of grass snake Natrix natrix and slow worm Anguis fragilis provided by site workers during the walkover (Paul Howden-Leach, pers comm.).
3.3.17 Further botanical work may be required to confirm whether any of the Area 9 areas meet the aims of national or local conservation criteria, such as lowland calcareous grassland or lowland meadows. Where these grassland areas fall within 500 m of ponds, they have potential to provide habitat suitable for terrestrial amphibians, such as great crested newts. In comparison, the sward within Area 8 grassland under its current management regime is unlikely to provide sufficient structural diversity to support terrestrial amphibians. The longer sward of grassland within Area 9 also has potential to support ground nesting birds, brown hare (where the landscape is sufficiently open, by the airfield), and is more likely to support notable invertebrates (on account of the greater botanical and structural diversity).
Ponds
3.3.18 There are at least four ponds within RAF Halton3 and one just beyond the boundary. One of these, is located within the south western part of the wider RAF Halton, and was a former
3 Noting the entire RAF Halton boundary could not be accessed during the survey.
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settling pond (10a on Figure 1). This area could not be directly accessed as part of the walkover, however is surrounded by amenity grassland, with scrub beyond that. The presence of bulrush Typha latifolia can be seen within the pond depression, indicating this pond still holds water for periods of the year. This pond supports great crested newts Triturus cristatus; see below Section 3.4, and the margins of the pond are also likely to be suitable to support reptiles and terrestrial phase amphibians.
3.3.19 A second pond is present in the eastern part of the wider RAF Halton (10b on Figure 1); this pond is ornamental and is located at the front of the officer’s mess at Halton House. This concrete pond is surrounded by woodland and ornamental planting, and has potential to support breeding great crested newts. The pond was dry at the time of survey for maintenance / repair works.
3.3.20 The third pond is located at the south of the woodland parcel to the north of the airfield (10c on Figure 1). This pond held very little water at the time of the survey (May), however could provide suitable breeding habitat for amphibians when holding water. This pond is surrounded by good quality terrestrial habitat for amphibians in the form of woodland, scrub and grassland. The margins of this pond are also suitable for reptiles.
3.3.21 A fourth pond is located in woodland near to Pond 3 (10d on Figure 1), and a fifth pond is located off-site on the eastern boundary (10e on Figure 1).
3.3.22 None of the ponds fall within the Allocation Site, however several falls within the 500m radius of the Allocation Site.
3.3.23 Where the ponds were accessed, photos are shown on Figure 3. All ponds will likely qualify as a priority habitat for Buckinghamshire and Milton Keynes and, if they support protected species (such as great crested newts), also qualify as HPI under the NERC Act.
Mosaic Habitat
3.3.24 To the south of the airfield is an area dominated by a mosaic of tall ruderals, grassland and scrub. This area is shown on Figure 1 as Area 11a. Species recorded include nettle, crack willow, hawthorn, cow parsley, hogweed, cleavers Galium aparine, comfrey Symphytum officinale, elder, cocksfoot, teasel, tufted hair grass Deschampsia cespitosa, creeping cinquefoil Potentilla reptans, bugle, white dead nettle Lamium album and Yorkshire fog. This area appears to be unmanaged, and provides good quality habitat for reptiles and terrestrial amphibians. Due to the presence of the water treatment works adjacent this area (Area 12), which is likely to support a range of invertebrates, this mosaic habitat provides high quality breeding bird and bat foraging habitats.
3.3.25 There is a second area of mosaic habitat (Area 11b on Figure 1); this is located in the centre of the wider RAF Halton, within an area formerly used for an ice rink. The previous hardstanding has become encroached by ephemeral species (such as moss), and opportunistic scrub species (including silver birch) completely surrounds the ice rink. This area may have invertebrate interest, and is likely to provide a good foraging area for bats (given it is dark and sheltered), with the scrub providing nesting bird habitat.
3.3.26 Neither area of mosaic habitat falls within the Allocation Site.
Watercourse
3.3.27 On the eastern boundary of the wider RAF Halton are a series of watercourses. None fall within the Allocation Site. The locations of the watercourses are shown on Figure 1. One of these runs around the outside of (and within) woodland Area 2, then continues along the north of mosaic Area 11a. One part of the watercourse extends into the mosaic Area 11a. Collectively, these drain along the eastern boundary, and flow off-site towards the north east.
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Where visible, particularly within the mosaic habitat, the watercourses provide habitat suitable for water voles. The ditches are well vegetated with predominantly ruderal species on the shallow banks (<0.5 m). The depth of the water is estimated at less than 20 cm, however has a discernible flow. Example Photos are shown on Figure 3.
3.3.28 The Site’s watercourses are considered likely to have originated as drainage features, and therefore unlikely to qualify as ‘rivers and streams’ local and national priority habitats.
3.3.29 The Grand Union Canal, Wendover Arm falls outside of the Site boundary, but divides the northern and southern parts of the Site. The canal has a public right of way for the length of the Site, with adjacent land use including woodland and arable land. The channel appears to be vegetated in places, with bankside vegetation also present along the canal
Other Habitat
3.3.30 There is an area in the south western corner of the wider RAF Halton which does not fall within the Allocation Site. Due to a lack of management, the plots have matured to provide diversity in structure and composition, and now provide good quality habitat for some nesting birds, as well as reptiles and terrestrial amphibians such as great crested newts. A photograph of this area is shown on Figure 2.
Trees, Treelines and Hedgerows
3.3.31 A number of trees, treelines and hedgerows are present within the wider RAf Halton and Allocation Site. These include species such as Leyland cypress Cupressus × leylandii, sycamore, cherry Prunus spp. and pine. Further survey will be required to determine whether any of the trees (scattered or within woodland), constitute veteran trees, or whether any of the hedgerows qualify as ‘important’ under the Hedgerow Regulations.
3.3.32 Regardless of whether these features qualify as ‘Important’, hedgerows qualify as UK HPI, and are Buckinghamshire Priority Habitat. As such they may be afforded protection through the NPPF and draft policy NE2 of the emerging Local Plan. Some of the hedgerows and tree lines within the wider RAF Halton and Allocation Site will have high intrinsic ecological value and also provide key habitat for protected or notable species, and act as a conduit for species dispersal across RAF Halton into the wider area. The LPA have a duty to consider those hedgerows which qualify as either Important, HPI or a local biodiversity priority. Built Environment
3.3.33 There are a range of buildings within the wider RAF Halton and Allocation Site which vary in age and structure. Halton House, currently in use as the officers’ mess (outside the Allocation Site), is a the 19th century stone built property has and supports a complex slate tile roof with multiple pitches and turrets. There are also multiple brick buildings across the Allocation Site and wider RAF Halton associated with the operation of the RAF base, with either tiled, pitched roofs or flat roofs. Other buildings include a cinema, stables, wooden sheds with felt roofs and metal aircraft hangars with pitched and corrugated roofs. Surrounding the built areas are numerous areas of hardstanding providing car-parking, roads, a few sports pitches and aircraft areas. There is also a concrete bunker on the edge of the airfield to the north of the wider RAF Halton.
3.3.34 The built aspects of the wider RAF Halton and Allocation Site are predominantly in the south, marked by Area 14; and with examples of buildings shown on Figure 3.
3.3.35 A number of the buildings have potential to support roosting or hibernating bats and nesting birds (see below Section 3.4).
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Arable
3.3.36 There is one small parcel of land in arable production within the wider RAF Halton (outside the Allocation Site); this is located adjacent to the Grand Union Canal (Wendover Arm), and is shown as Areas 15 on Figure 1.
3.4 Species
3.4.1 Habitats within the Site have the potential to support protected or notable species. The presence or potential presence of these species within the Site or its immediate vicinity will be a material consideration for the LPA when either approving land allocation or determining a future planning application for the Site’s redevelopment. A summary of all relevant legislation and planning policy is contained within Appendix A.
3.4.2 To date, no targeted species survey work has been completed to inform site allocation, although the potential for habitats to support protected or notable species was considered as part of the site survey. This is outlined below, along with an indication of the scope for biodiversity gain.
Amphibians
Great Crested Newt and Common Toad
3.4.3 One great crested newt record was returned within the desk study area within the last ten years. This was a 100 m resolution record, on the limit of the search area (i.e. 2 km to the west). There were no granted EPSL’s for great crested newts within a 1 km radius of the wider RAF Halton; the closest was c. 3.5 km north-west of the wider RAF Halton, to the north east of Aylesbury.
3.4.4 Although dry at the time of the 2017 ecological walkover survey, great crested newt survey work completed in 2015 (contained within information made available to PBA by the DIO), identified the presence of great crested newts within Pond 10a. See Figure 1 for pond location.
3.4.5 The desk study also returned four records of common toad Bufo bufo; these were located to the west of the wider RAF Halton, around the Weston Turville Reservoir SSSI.
3.4.6 At least three of the four ponds within the wider RAF Halton, and the pond on the eastern boundary have the potential to support aquatic amphibians (such as great crested newts or common toad), and large areas of the wider RAF Halton, including the rough grassland, woodland, allotments, and mosaic habitat are suitable to support terrestrial phase amphibians.
3.4.7 Great crested newts are a European Protected Species (EPS), and both individuals and their habitat are legally protected under the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (as amended). Great crested newts are also an SPI under the NERC Act as such this species would be a material consideration within the planning process, if present. Whilst toads are not legally protected, they are also an SPI, meaning the LPA has a duty to have regard for their presence, especially where significant populations are present. For both of these species, proposed redevelopment of the Allocation Site may result in the loss of terrestrial habitat, potential isolation of breeding populations, and the killing or injury of individual amphibians. The scale of these impacts can be minimised through effective scheme design (see Section 4). Given the scale of the Allocation Site and wider RAF Halton, there is also scope to provide targeted habitat enhancements as part of redevelopment proposals.
Natterjack Toad
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3.4.8 An unverified record of natterjack toad Bufo calamita was provided to the field surveyor whilst undertaking the survey [Dave Short to Paul Howden-Leach, pers comm.]. This record is understood to have been generated during 2015 great crested newt surveys of Pond 10a, as described above. No recent or historical records of natterjack toad were provided within the BMERC data search, spanning a 2 km radius of the wider RAF Halton. Due to the rarity and level of protection afforded to this species, a better understanding of the regional distribution was sought through the review of records using freely available resources, and contacting the Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Trust (ARC).
3.4.9 ARC confirmed that they hold an unverified record for natterjack toad, c. 11 km from the wider RAF Halton (east), and that this dates from 1902. The provenance of the 1902 record is unknown as it was passed to ARC from the, now closed, Biological Records Centre – Monkswood. Residential development dominates the locality of this record, with recreational grounds present to the south.
3.4.10 ARC’s closest verified populations of natterjack toads are located in Oxfordshire (Filford Heath) (which is a reintroduced population established in 2003 following extinction in 1884), and Bedfordshire (Sandy); these are c. 45 and 50 km from the wider RAF Halton, respectively.
3.4.11 The distance a natterjack typically travels from breeding ponds during their terrestrial phase is 2 km, and this species is “naturally restricted to three main habitat types, costal dune systems, upper saltmarsh and lowland heath” (ARC, online). The absence of these habitats within the wider RAF Halton, in combination with the absence of verified populations for a significant distance, the presence of natterjacks within the wider RAF Halton or its vicinity is considered to be ‘very unlikely’. This conclusion was informed by discussion with the Yvette Martin - Amphibian Conservation Officer at the Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Trust [B.Blamey (now B. Strawbridge), Y.Martin, 29/06/17].
3.4.12 On the basis of the above, it is proposed that the unconfirmed on-site record, and that from 1902 are both discounted. Should a planning application be submitted for the Allocation Site at a later date, great crested newt surveys will be required within any suitable breeding habitat, and would provide opportunities to definitely confirm the likely absence of natterjack toad.
Bats
3.4.13 The MAGIC portal identified a total of 11 granted Natural England European Protected Species Mitigation Licences in relation to bats within 2 km of the wider RAF Halton. Of these, the following three related to RAF Halton itself:
EPSM2009-537: for the destruction of a breeding site and resting place - common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus and brown long-eared Plecotus auritus bats. This is considered likely to originate from the Allocation Site;
EPSM2013-6397: for the destruction of a resting place – common pipistrelle and brown long-eared bats. This is considered likely to have originated from the wider RAF Halton, rather than the Allocation Site;
2014-2450-EPS-MIT: for the destruction of a resting place – common pipistrelle and brown long eared bats. This is also considered likely to have originated from the wider RAF Halton, rather than the Allocation Site.
3.4.14 Granted applications outside the wider RAF Halton related to the destruction of common pipistrelle, soprano pipistrelle Pipsitrellus pygmaeus and brown long eared bat resting and breeding places.
3.4.15 The BMERC search identified a number of bat records relating to common pipistrelle, soprano pipistrelle, noctule bat, Daubenton’s bat Myotis daubentonii, and natterer’s bat Myotis nattereri
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as well as unidentified pipistrelle and Myotis bat species, within 2 km of the wider RAF Halton. A single record of noctule bat was returned from along the Upper Icknield Way (within the southern part of the wider RAF Halton).
3.4.16 Whilst no Bechstein’s records were provided as part of the desk study, the RAF Halton falls within the known range of Bechstein’s (which includes Buckinghamshire). Bechstein’s are ‘predominantly associated with ancient broadleaf woodlands (Greenaway & Hill, 2004); and previous studies have shown a strong association with oak and ash woodland (Hill & Greenaway, 2006).’ (BCT, 2011). Given the dominance of the woodland belts adjacent to the wider RAF Halton within the local landscape, including parcels of ancient woodland within, there is potential that Bechstein’s could be active in the area. This is also supported by the large range of this species which has a core sustenance zone estimate of 3 km (Collins, 2016).
3.4.17 The general age, style, location and condition of the buildings as identified as part of the constraints walkover confirms that a number of the buildings within wider RAF Halton (including the Allocation Site) have potential to support roosting bats.
3.4.18 In addition to the buildings, trees within the woodland, and tree scattered across the wider RAF Halton (including the Allocation Site) have potential to support roosting bats, and the woodlands, tree lines, allotments, mosaic habitat, narrow watercourses, ponds and longer grassland provide foraging and or commuting habitat for bats.
3.4.19 In summary, habitats suitable for roosting (summer day roosting and winter hibernation), foraging and commuting bats are present within the wider RAF Halton and Allocation Site. Bats and their roosts are legally protected under the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (making them an EPS) and the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). Some species of bats are also an SPI meaning the LPA has a duty to consider their presence. Bats can reasonably be expected to be a material consideration within the planning process as part of any future redevelopment of the Allocation Site.
3.4.20 There are opportunities for enhancement of the wider RAF Halton through redevelopment both with respect to the availability of roosting features, and the quality and quantity of foraging and commuting habitat. Conversely, in the absence of protection, mitigation or compensation there is also scope for redevelopment of the Allocation Site to result in the loss, isolation or degradation of such features, and the killing or injury of bats.
Dormouse
3.4.21 The BMERC search did not identify any records of hazel dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius within 2 km of the wider RAF Halton within the last 10 years, but did identify a historic record from 2004 within Wendover Woods (which lies adjacent to the south of the wider RAF Halton). There were no records of development licences for dormouse on MAGIC, within a 1 km radius of the wider RAF Halton. Habitats within the wider RAF Halton and Allocation Site, particularly the woodlands, scrub and allotments provide suitable habitat for this species. The ecological constraints plan made available to the surveyor indicates the presence of dormouse within woodland Area 2 on Figure 1.
3.4.22 As for bats, dormice are an EPS, meaning both individual dormice, as well as their habitats, are legally protected. They are also a SPI, meaning they too are a material consideration within the planning process. If dormice are present, there is potential for adverse impacts on dormice to result from future redevelopment of the wider RAF Halton from the loss, isolation or degradation of habitats, and the killing or injury of animals. Conversely there are also opportunities for biodiversity gain through the enhancement of connections across RAF Halton and within the wider landscape, and retention and improved management of habitats to optimise vegetation species composition and structure for dormouse.
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Riparian Mammals (Otters and Water Vole)
3.4.23 Two records of otter Lutra lutra were returned as part of the desk study within the last ten years; these were both within the Weston Turville Reservoir, the SSSI located 330 m to the west of the wider RAF Halton. A total of 41 records of water vole Arvicola amphibius were returned within the 2 km radius, however only three were within the last ten years. The recent water vole records were associated with the Wendover Arm of the Grand Union Canal, with one of the records pertaining to the stretch of the canal where it flows between the northern and southern parts of the wider RAF Halton.
3.4.24 The ditches in the east of the wider RAF Halton have good aquatic vegetation and other characteristics (including their size and channel depth) which makes them suitable to support water vole. Water voles and their habitats breeding and resting habitats receive protection under the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981 (as amended). Water voles are also classified as an SPI, which means they are likely to constitute a material consideration within the planning process, if present within the Allocation Site.
3.4.25 The ditches in the east of the wider RAF Halton are not suitable for otter on account of their size, however the records within the area indicate that this species is active in the local area. Otters have a large home range (spanning tens of kilometres depending on catchment quality) (Chanin, 2003), and are therefore highly likely to be using the Grand Union Canal (Wendover Arm), which divides the wider RAF Halton, and links to the Weston Turville Reservoir SSSI (where this species is known to occur). The woodland within the wider RAF Halton and Allocation Site, especially where is lies adjacent to the canal in the centre and west wider RAF Halton, is likely to provide suitable resting places for otter.
3.4.26 As for bats, otters are a European Protected Species meaning both otters and their places of shelter are afforded protection under the Conservation of Species and Habitats Regulations 2010 (as amended) and the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). In broad terms these pieces of legislation jointly mean that the animals themselves are protected against killing, injury, taking (capture) and disturbance. In addition, their places of shelter are protected against damage, destruction and obstruction. Otters are also an SPI, meaning they too are a material consideration in the planning process.
3.4.27 Redevelopment activities have the potential to adversely affect both otter and water vole, assuming they are present within the Allocation Site. In the absence of mitigation, impacts could include the damage or destruction of resting places, reduction in area and degradation in quality of foraging or breeding habitat, and the disturbance, killing or injury of animals. There is however also scope to retain key habitat areas, and provide targeted enhancements and provisions for these species as part of redevelopment proposals.
Reptiles
3.4.28 Six grass snake Natrix natrix and seven slow worm Anguis fragilis records were returned within the desk study area. Of these, the closest was located on the eastern edge of the Cobblers’ Pits woodland, approximately 700 m to the east of the wider RAF Halton. Information presented to the field surveyor, and communicated afterwards (Dave Short, pers. comm) indicates that reptiles are present within the wider RAF Halton (near Pond 10a, Figure 2). and within the grassland Area 9, on the south east boundary (within the Allocation Site).
3.4.29 Large areas of the wider RAF Halton and Allocation Site have potential to support reptiles; these include the grassland areas, allotments, woodland edges, and scrub / tall ruderal mosaic habitat.
3.4.30 Reptiles are legally protected from intentional killing and injury under the under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended); reptiles are also an SPI under the NERC Act meaning the LPA has a duty to have regard for their presence when discharging their duties.
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In the absence of avoidance and mitigation, redevelopment has the potential to adversely affect this species group, and result in the isolation, killing or injury of individuals. Redevelopment will therefore need to ensure that suitable provision is made within masterplans to accommodate existing populations of this species group; this and possible enhancement measures are considered further in Section 4 below.
Birds
3.4.31 A number of bird species of conservation concern were identified within the BMERC data within a 2 km radius of the wider RAF Halton. Of these, ten records of nine notable species were located either within the wider RAF Halton or at its boundaries: yellowhammer Emberiza citronella; yellow wagtail Motacilla flava; swift Apus apus; spotted flycatcher Muscicapa striata; willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus; mute swan Cygnus olor; redwing Turdus iliacus; herring gull Larus argentatus; and bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula.
3.4.32 A total of 27 Schedule 1 bird species were recorded within the last ten years within the 2 km radius of the wider RAF Halton. Of these, several were recorded at the Weston Turville SSSI. The species of particular note include bittern Botaurus stellaris, Cetti’s warbler Cettia cetti, barn owl, red kite Milvus milvus, firecrest Regulus ignicapillus and kingfisher Alcedo atthis.
3.4.33 Additional notable farmland, woodland and wading bird species records were identified within the 2 km search radius. Skylark were also noted during the walkover survey in the area north of the airfield, likely to be breeding within the wider RAF Halton. This species is a ground nesting bird, on the red list of Birds of Conservation Concern (BoCC) (Hayhow et. al., 2017) as well as an SPI under the NERC Act.
3.4.34 As mentioned within the sections above, the woodlands, allotment, buildings, trees / tree lines and scrub have potential to support nesting birds, with some parts of the grassland also suitable to support ground nesting birds. It is reasonable to assume that a breeding bird assemblage of conservation value locally will be present within the wider RAF Halton. All nesting birds are legally protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended), with some species also SPI, or of national conservation concern. Species listed on Schedule 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) are subject to additional protection, which prohibits their disturbance whilst breeding. This would have implications for construction activities if any Schedule 1 species breed within the wider RAF Halton or Allocation Site.
3.4.35 In the absence of avoidance, mitigation or compensation, redevelopment of the Allocation Site has the potential to reduce the number, diversity and suitability of habitats for breeding birds and to damage or destroy active nests. There are however also opportunities to enhance and manage habitats for birds within the wider RAF Halton and Allocation Site as part of its future redevelopment, through for example, provision of species specific nesting habitats, and vegetation selected for its structure and suitability for foraging birds.
Invertebrates
3.4.36 A very high volume of invertebrate records was returned within the 2 km search radius within the last ten years; a total of 567 records. Within the 567 records were 47 different species of SPI, as well as species that are either Nationally Notable A or B (an indication of the number of hectads (i.e. 10x10 km squares) in Britain in which a species has been recorded; the former being <10 hectads, the latter being 10-100 hectads); as well as species noted as local high, medium and low priorities for conservation activities. The invertebrate records included many invertebrate groups, including Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), dragonflies and damselflies, beetles, wasps, mayflies, true bugs, ants, bees and wasps, true flies, centipedes and molluscs. Within the Site, invertebrate records comprised mainly moths, including Spinach Eulithis mellinata; White Ermine Spilosoma lubricipeda; Blood-vein Timandra comae; Buff Ermine Spilosoma luteum; Centre-barred Sallow Atethmia centrago; Dot moth Melanchra persicariae; Feathered Gothic Tholera decimalis Pale Eggar Trichiura crataegi; Small Square-
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spot Diarsia rubi; and Phyllonorycter platanoidella [no common name]. Butterfly records relating to the Site include the Chalk Hill Blue Polyommatus coridon and White-letter Hairstreak Satyrium w-album as well as a mollusc; Roman Snail Helix pomatia; and a beetle Podagrica fuscicornis. These are all either SPI, local priority, or nationally scarce.
3.4.37 Two of the invertebrate records are legally protected; the Chalk Hill blue against sale (not an implication for redevelopment activities), and the Roman Snail, which is protected against killing, possession and taking (under Section 9.1, 9.2 and 9.5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended)). This means that any works affecting habitat occupied by Roman Snail will need to be completed under licence from Natural England. Due to the rarity of this species, mitigation strategies for this species are not well developed, and as such consultation with Natural England would be required to agree a mitigation approach for this species, however it will likely need to include habitat enhancement.
3.4.38 The Roman snail inhabits open woodland, rough and tussocky grassland, hedge banks, chalk quarries and areas of scattered scrub; it requires loose, friable soil for burying into for hibernation and also for depositing eggs (Mansfield, undated), with the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) report (2008) stating that they inhabit “grassland (usually not the shortest most heavily grazed grasslands), scrub and sometimes woodland on calcareous soils”.
3.4.39 The loss of woodland, scrub and grassland habitats could have implications for the terrestrial invertebrate species within the Allocation Site; however targeted enhancements could also provide greater structural and botanical diversity of key habitats within the Allocation Site or wider RAF Halton.
Brown Hare
3.4.40 A total of 12 brown hare records were identified within the desk study, of which nine were dated from the last ten years. The majority of these records were made some distance to the north of the wider RAF Halton, within predominantly arable fields. Brown hare were also recorded within the wider RAF Halton during the walkover, within the area north of the airfield. The unmanaged grassland in these areas and arable field to the north offer suitable foraging habitat for hare and shelter to support their over ground resting places (known as “forms”).
3.4.41 Hare is an SPI (NERC, 2006) and considering the extent of habitat available, the northern portion of the Site is likely to be of some importance to the local population. Hare requires a range of habitats of varying structure, such that the grassland available is only likely to represent a component of the habitat used by the local population, in combination with the wider arable environment in the vicinity of the wider RAF Halton.
3.4.42 Redevelopment proposals for the Allocation Site have the potential to adversely affect the on- site hare population, primarily through isolation; this is however a greater consideration for the future use of the airfield rather than the current VALP Allocation Site. Continued opportunities for this species could however be provided, through the retention, creation and management of grassland habitat, with connections to off-site resources also improved as part of scheme design.
Botanical
3.4.43 Of the botanical records identified within a 2km radius, a number were included within the wider RAF Halton boundary. Of note, this included, white helleborine Cephalanthera damasonium (an SPI), and the county rare and nationally scarce mezereon Daphne mezereum. The majority of the remainder of the botanical records were located to the east of the wider RAF Halton, within either Dancersend or Aston Clinton Ragpits SSSIs; both of which have botanical designation criteria.
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3.4.44 Habitats present within the wider RAF Halton and Allocation Site have potential to support plant species of elevated conservation concern; and primarily include the grassland (Area 9) and woodland parcels, as well as the mosaic habitats (Area 11). Redevelopment of the Allocation Site has the potential to lose, damage or alter habitats which support botanical species, however there is also scope to implement management regimes which better meet the needs of either particular botanical communities or individual species.
Badger
3.4.45 There were a total of 35 badger Meles meles records identified within a 2 km radius of the wider RAF Halton and occurring within the last ten years. Whilst a majority of these are relatively distant from the wider RAF Halton, at least one record relates to RAF Halton. Furthermore, at the stakeholder event on 4th June 2018, it was identified by the local stakeholders that there are badger sett(s) in the south east of the wider RAF Halton. Grassland, hedgerows, scrub and woodland offer suitable habitat for foraging and commuting badger, with the woodland, hedgerows and scrubbed areas providing suitable sett building habitat. That said, no evidence of badger was found during the walkover survey, although a more detailed survey would be need to confirm their status within the Allocation Site. Whilst badgers are legally protected in the UK, this is for reasons of welfare and not conservation concern. For these reasons, the potential for badger to be present within the Allocation Site is not considered further as it does not impact upon consideration VALP.
Invasive Species
3.4.46 A number of invasive species were recorded during the walkover, and included rhododendron and Chinese water deer (listed on Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act). Snowberry is also present within the wider RAF Halton, particularly within woodland Area 1; whilst this is not listed on Schedule 9, it is a non-native and invasive species. Finally, it is understood that the edible dormouse was released near to the wider RAF Halton in the early 20th century; this species is understood to be present within the wider area, and is also listed on Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). Given the presence of invasive species is a consideration for legal compliance, and does not constraint the potential for allocation, this is not discussed further within this report.
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4 Guiding Design Principles
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 This section outlines guiding policy at a national and local level and how these will need to translate into design principles for the masterplan. Section 5 of this report then goes on to provide examples of how these principles could be applied as the scheme design progresses. This appraisal has been informed by high level information and initial site walkover survey only. Further survey and assessment will be required to inform detailed design, and the specification of avoidance, mitigation and compensation measures proportionate to the effects of the final scheme.
4.2 Planning Context
4.2.1 National Planning Policy Framework will be considered by AVDC when determining whether a site is suitable for allocation, and, at a later date, when planning permission is considered. The following paragraphs are of particular relevance:
Paragraph 110 which states: “In preparing plans to meet development needs, the aim should be to minimise pollution and other adverse effects on the local and natural environment. Plans should allocate land with the least environmental or amenity value, where consistent with other policies in this Framework.”
Paragraph 118 which states: “When determining planning applications, local planning authorities should aim to conserve and enhance biodiversity by applying the following principles…if significant harm resulting from a development cannot be avoided (through locating on an alternative site with less harmful impacts), adequately mitigated, or, as a last resort, compensated for, then planning permission should be refused”; and
Paragraph 109 which states: “The planning system should contribute to and enhance the natural and local environment by:…minimising impacts on biodiversity and providing net gains in biodiversity where possible”
4.2.2 The Proposed Submission VALP includes policies relevant to the Natural Environment:
“NE1: Protected Sites:
Development proposals that would lead to an individual or cumulative significant adverse impact on SSSIs, or irreplaceable habitats such as ancient woodland or ancient trees the Council will be refused unless exceptional circumstances can be demonstrated and that the impacts to the site are clearly out weighed by the benefits of the development.
Sufficient information must be provided for the Council to assess the significance of the impact against the importance of the protected site and the species which depend upon it. This will include the area around the protected site. Planning permission will be granted only where:
a. the benefits of the development at this site clearly outweigh any adverse impacts on the protected site and the ecosystem services it provides
b. development has followed a mitigation hierarchy of avoid, then mitigate if avoidance cannot be achieved - then compensate/offset if mitigation cannot be achieved. Avoidance will require the applicant to demonstrate that the development could not be located in an alternative, less harmful location.
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NE2 Biodiversity and Geodiversity
Protection and enhancement of biodiversity, geodiversity and the natural environment will be achieved by the following:
a. On greenfield sites, a net gain in biodiversity will be sought and on other sites no net loss and a net gain where possible in biodiversity will be sought by protecting, managing, enhancing and extending existing resources, and by creating new resources. These gains must be measurable using best practice in biodiversity and green infrastructure accounting and in accordance with any methodology set out in a future Supplementary Planning Document
b. If significant harm resulting from a development cannot be avoided (through locating on an alternative site with less harmful impacts), adequately mitigated, or as a last resort, compensated for, then development will not be permitted. Mitigation, compensation and enhancement measures must be secured and should be maintained in perpetuity
c. Internationally important sites and species will be protected. Avoidance of likely significant adverse effects should be the first option. Development likely to affect the Chiltern Beechwoods SAC international site will be subject to assessment under the Habitat Regulations and will not be permitted unless adverse effects can be fully mitigated
d. Development on or likely to have an adverse effect on sites of nationally important sites, such as Sites of Special Scientific Interest will not normally be permitted. Where an adverse effect on the site’s notified special interest features is likely, an exception should only be made where: (i) the benefits of the development at the site significantly and demonstrably outweigh both the impacts that it is likely to have on the features of the site that make it of special scientific interest and any broader impacts on the national network of Sites of Special Scientific Interest, and (ii) the loss can be mitigated and compensation can be provided to achieve a net gain in biodiversity/geodiversity.
e. Development which would result in damage to or loss of a site of biodiversity or geological value of regional or local importance including habitats of principal importance or the habitats of species of principal importance will not be permitted except in exceptional circumstances where the need for, and benefits of the development significantly and demonstrably outweigh the harm it would cause to the site, and the loss can be mitigated and compensation provided to achieve a net gain in biodiversity/geodiversity
f. The Council will, where appropriate, expect ecological surveys for planning applications to be undertaken by a suitably qualified person and consistent with nationally accepted standards (BS 42020:Biodiversity – Code of Practice for planning and development) as replaced
g. When there is a reasonable likelihood of the presence of protected or priority species or their habitats, development will not be permitted until it has been demonstrated that the proposed development will not result in a negative impact on these species or their habitats
h. Development proposals will be expected to promote site permeability for wildlife and avoid the fragmentation of wildlife corridors, incorporating features to encourage biodiversity, and retain and where possible enhance existing features of nature conservation value on site. Existing ecological networks should be identified and maintained to avoid habitat fragmentation, and ecological corridors including water courses should form an essential component of green infrastructure provision in association with new development to ensure habitat connectivity
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i. Planning conditions/obligations will be used to secure no net loss and net gains in biodiversity where possible by helping deliver Bucks and MK Biodiversity Action Plan targets in the biodiversity opportunity areas. On greenfield sites, the Council is seeking to achieve a net gain in biodiversity. Where development is proposed within or adjacent to a biodiversity opportunity area biodiversity surveys and a report will be required to identify constraints and opportunities for biodiversity enhancement. Development which would prevent the aims of a biodiversity opportunity area being achieved will not be permitted. Where there is potential for development, the design and layout of the development, planning conditions or obligations will be used to secure biodiversity enhancement to help achieve the aims of the biodiversity opportunity area.
4.3 Design Principles
4.3.1 As part of the SPD preparation, and a later planning application, redevelopment proposals will be considered by ADVC against the guiding policies (as described above). Design principles will need to be applied to demonstrate that the resulting development has been guided by these policies. The first of these principles is the mitigation hierarchy which should be applied at all levels of the development process and is discussed further below. The second of these reflects work completed to date in relation to the concept masterplan and outlines the biodiversity objectives which have been considered during masterplan development and refinement.
Mitigation Hierarchy
4.3.2 As the masterplan is developed, the mitigation hierarchy will need to be taken into account. The mitigation hierarchy is a set of principles that can be followed sequentially to limit as far as possible the negative impacts on biodiversity from development. It can be defined as:
i. Avoidance: measures taken to avoid creating impacts from the outset, such as avoiding important ecological features (habitats/ species) or timing works to avoid impacts on certain species.
ii. Minimisation/ Mitigation: measures taken to reduce the duration, intensity and / or extent of impacts that cannot be completely avoided, as far as is practically feasible. Examples include minimising the areas of habitat removal, or reducing the duration of works to minimise impacts on sensitive species.
iii. Compensation: measures taken to compensate for any residual significant, adverse impacts that cannot be avoided, minimised and / or rehabilitated or restored, in order to achieve no net loss or a net gain of biodiversity.
iv. Enhancements: measures taken to seek to provide net benefit for biodiversity’s over and above the requirements for avoidance, mitigation or compensation.
4.3.3 Once these principles have been effectively applied, it should be possible to demonstrate that the proposals will result in no net loss of biodiversity and possibly a net gain.
Masterplan Objectives
4.3.4 As described above, the masterplan design has been developed with regard for the following high level objectives:
i. Retain, protect, restore and maintain ecologically valuable habitat and facilitate permeability;
ii. Ensure there is no overall loss of ecologically valuable habitat, and where possible, provide ecological enhancements or biodiversity gain; and
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iii. Prevent isolation of any habitat on and immediately off study site and, in doing so, contribute to a comprehensive green infrastructure network.
4.3.5 Further detail on both the mitigation hierarchy and how the masterplan can meet the above defined objectives is provided in Section 5.
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5 Further Survey
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 This section is based on the assumption that further survey work would be completed at the time of preparing detailed designs and a planning application for redevelopment. It sets out the further surveys considered necessary to inform detailed design and the assessment that will be required for the planning application, based on the findings of the desk study and survey work undertaken to date.
Further Surveys
5.1.2 It is expected that through the SPD preparation, the requirement for and scope of further surveys which will be required to support a planning application will be discussed and agreed with the AVDC ecological advisor. It is also anticipated that these discussions will include agreement of approximate timeframes (in preparation for the disposal of the Allocation Site in 2022). Further surveys are anticipated include:
Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey to map the habitats within the Allocation Site in line with the standard methodology (JNCC, 2010);
Detailed bat surveys:
Internal and external building inspections, potentially followed by emergence / re- entry surveys for those buildings likely to either be directly or indirectly affected by the proposals;
Ground level tree assessments for those trees likely to either be directly or indirectly affected by the proposals. These will potentially need to be followed by emergence / re-entry surveys;
Potentially bat activity surveys to determine the patterns of bat foraging and commuting activity.
Great crested newt presence or likely absence surveys for ponds within a 500m radius of the Allocation Site (and population size class assessment for those confirmed to support great crested newts);
Reptile surveys within suitable habitat within the Allocation Site;
Breeding bird scoping survey to inform the number and extent of breeding bird surveys;
Botanical survey of the grassland and woodland areas; and
Invertebrate walkover by an experienced invertebrate surveyor to determine whether the habitats within the Allocation Site or immediate vicinity have potential to support species or communities of elevated legal or conservation importance. This will inform the scope of the further surveys required to inform a future planning application.
5.1.3 It is considered unlikely that targeted dormouse Muscardinus avellanrius surveys will be required given the presence of the invasive edible Glis Glis dormouse nearby. However, engagement with the local dormouse officer or the People’s Trust for Endangered Species (PTES) will provide a better understanding of dormice (both native and non-native) distribution within this area, and will inform agreement with the AVDC ecological advisor in relation to the requirement to undertake targeted survey work to inform the development proposals.
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5.1.4 The distribution of badger setts and presence of invasive species within the Allocation Site and vicinity will need to be established prior to submission of a planning application, but as described above is not a consideration for the VALP.
5.1.5 It is considered unlikely that riparian mammal surveys will be required given the intervening distance between the Allocation Site and the Wendover Canal and associated linear waterbodies. This judgement would need to be confirmed within the ADVC’s ecological advisor during preparation of the SPD.
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6 Conclusion
6.1.1 The desk study identified that a parcel of the European designated area, Chilterns Beechwoods SAC, is located approximately 2.6 km from the wider RAF Halton. A Plan level HRA has been undertaken and concluded that the allocation at RAF Halton does not, either alone or in combination, pose a threat to the conservation objectives of the SAC and no appropriate assessment is required (LUC, 2017).
6.1.2 There are three separate UK statutory designated areas within close proximity of the Allocation Site (Figure 2); these are Weston Turville Reservoirs Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), Aston Clinton Ragpits SSSI and Dancersend SSSI. Natural England have ‘Impact Risk Zones’ (IRZs) for SSSIs, which flag particular development types within various radii of SSSIs, which they consider to have potential to impact upon the designation criteria of these protected areas. Possible impacts include increases in recreational disturbance, changes to nutrient enrichment and botanical composition, and disturbance to key species. The Allocation Site falls within the exceeded thresholds for these three SSSIs. Natural England have been consulted on the Proposed Submission VALP and whilst they have identified the proximity of the sites, they have also identified possible solutions (design led mitigation). The masterplan development as part of the SPD preparation will therefore consider these factors to minimise the impacts upon these SSSIs. Implementing a robust Construction and Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) will also be important in avoiding impacts on nearby designated areas.
6.1.3 The field survey found that the Allocation Site predominantly comprised the existing built environment, surrounded by woodland parcels and high and low quality grassland. In the wider RAF Halton there were further areas of grassland, woodland, and built environment interspersed with mosaic habitat areas, scattered trees, ponds and watercourses. Some of the habitats are designated as Habitat of Principal Importance (HPI) under the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006, ancient woodland and / or non- statutory designated areas. These habitats can be expected to support a range of protected or notable species, such as: bats, great crested newts, otter, reptiles, water vole, breeding birds, plants and invertebrates. Baseline survey work will need to be completed in parallel with the detailed design to better understand the distribution of these species within the Allocation Site, and develop strategies to avoid, mitigate or compensate for the potential impacts of redevelopment. It is expected that the scope of those surveys, and timing in relation to the disposal of RAF Halton, will be agreed as part of the preparation of the SPD.
6.1.4 The masterplan allows for the retention of those habitats assessed as being of greatest ecological value including, the woodland parcels and some of the grassland areas. The majority of the new built footprint will, therefore, fall within existing areas of development associated with the RAF Camp and habitats of low ecological value (sports pitches, amenity grassland and existing hardstanding). Jointly these measures, combined with new areas of linking habitat, create a robust network that connects habitats within the Allocation Site and wider environment such that conditions for protected and notable species likely to be associated with the Site will be maintained and potentially enhanced.
6.1.5 The masterplan will retain key ecological features, enhancing their value by creating a coherent network of habitat relevant to species likely to be present. Providing it can also be demonstrated that the proposed redevelopment can avoid impacts on nearby designated areas, there is no reason relating to ecological matters that prevents allocation of the Site for redevelopment in the manner and scale anticipated.
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7 References
British Standard BS42020: 2013 ‘Biodiversity – Code of practice for planning and development. Practice’
Buckinghamshire and Milton Keynes Record Centre (BMERC) Data Search Reference 40608 RAF Halton (17-54) May 2017.
Buckinghamshire and Milton Keynes Biodiversity Partnership: Biodiversity Action Plan: Available online: http://www.buckinghamshirepartnership.co.uk/biodiversity/biodiversity- action-plan/ July 2017
Chanin P (2003). Monitoring the Otter Lutra lutra. Conserving Natura 2000 Rivers Monitoring Series No. 10, English Nature, Peterborough
Department for Communities and Local Government (2012). National Planning Policy Framework.
Forestry Commission (undated) England Forestry Strategy: A new focus for England’s Woodlands. Strategic Priorities and Programmes. Forestry Commission.
Hayhow DB, Bond AL, Douse A, Eaton MA, Frost T, Grice PV, Hall C, Harris SJ, Havery S, Hearn RD, Noble DG, Oppel S, Williams J, Win I and Wotton S (2017) The state of the UK’s birds 2016. The RSPB, BTO, WWT, DAERA, JNCC, NE, NRW and SNH, Sandy, Bedfordshire.
HMSO (Her Majesty’s Stationary Office) (1981): Wildlife and Countryside Act (as amended by the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000).
HMSO (1992): The Protection of Badgers Act.
HMSO (2006): Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act.
HMSO (2010): The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (as amended) (the Habitat Regulations).
Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) (2008) Second Report by the United Kingdom under Article 17 on the implementation of the Directive from January 2001 to December 2006 Conservation status assessment for Species: S1026 - Helix pomatia - Roman snail
JNCC (2010) Handbook for Phase 1 habitat survey - a technique for environmental audit. JNCC.
Mansfield, H. Undated. Roman Snail: An introduction to its ecology and legal protection.
Multi-Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside. Date Accessed: July 2017, http://www.magic.gov.uk/
Natural England (2015) Site Improvement Plan – Chilterns Beechwoods. Available at: http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/6228755680854016 July 2017
Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) (2005): Government Circular: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation – Statutory Obligations and their Impacts within the Planning System.
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PRP (2017). RAF Halton Proposed Concept Masterplan. Drawing Number AA6641-1005, Revision 0, 19/05/2017
Stace, C. (2010). New Flora of the British Isles. Third Edition. Cambridge University Press.
Vale of Aylesbury Local Planning Policy. Available online at: https://www.aylesburyvaledc.gov.uk/section/vale-aylesbury-local-plan-valp July 2017.
Land Use Consultants (LUC) (2017) Vale of Aylesbury Local Plan - Habitats Regulations Assessment; Technical Note – HRA of potential changes to the VALP.
Natural England (2017) Planning Consultation: Aylesbury Vale Local Plan, Regulation 19: Reference 226395.
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8 Figures
Figure 1: Aerial Photography and Habitat Areas
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! Habitat Areas 10e Wider RAF Halton !
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RAF HALTON 25/06/2018 Site Location Plan Service Layer Credits: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Drawn: BB ¯ Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community Checked: KE Figure 1 Rev B Ecology Technical Appraisal RAF Halton
Figure 2: Statutory Designated Areas
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D-HAL003 - Allocation Site
2km Search Radius 10km Search Radius Aston Clinton Ragpits SSSI Ancient Woodland Special Area of Conservation (SAC) Local Nature Reserve (LNR) Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) SSSI Impact Risk Zone (IRZ) Weston Turville Priority Habitats: Reservoir SSSI Deciduous woodland Good quality semi-improved grassland
Dancersend SSSI
Dancersend Waterworks SSSI Chiltern Beecwoods SAC
Bacombe and CoombeHill SSSI and LNR
Chiltern Beecwoods SAC
1:296,510 @ A3 1:42,000 @ A3
RAF HALTON 25/06/2018 Designated Areas and Priority Service Layer Credits: Drawn: BB Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016. Habitats Checked: KE Figure 2 Rev B Ecology Technical Appraisal RAF Halton
Figure 3: Photographs of the Site
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0 375 750 Metres RAF HALTON 25/06/2018 Photographs of the Site Service Layer Credits: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and Drawn: BB the GIS User Community Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database ± Checked: KE Figure 3 Rev B right 2016. Ecology Technical Appraisal RAF Halton
Appendix A Nature Conservation Legislation and Planning Policy
A.1 Nature Conservation Legislation –
Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (as amended)
A.1.1 The conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations transpose the Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (“The Habitats Directive”) into law.
A.1.2 The 2010 Regulations consolidate the various amendments made to the Conservation (Natural Habitats, &c.) Regulations 1994 in respect of England and Wales. The regulations provide for:
designation and protection of European Sites (Special Protection Areas (SPA) and Special Areas of Conservation (SAC)) including the need for Appropriate Assessment’ of plans and proposals;
protection of European protected species;
adaptation of planning and other controls for the protection of European Sites; and
make it an offence (subject to exceptions) to deliberately capture, kill, disturb, or trade in the animals listed in Schedule 2.
A.1.3 No steps that will impact upon a European protected species or its habitat can be undertaken unless authorised by a European Protected Species licence issued by Natural England. Such a licence is granted until after planning consent has been granted once Natural England are satisfied that adequate measures are to be put in place to mitigate for the impact of the development.
Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended)
A.1.4 The Act implements the Convention of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (The Bern Convention) and the Directive 2009/147/EC ‘The Birds Directive’.
A.1.5 The 1981 Act has been amended by the Countryside and Rights of Way (CROW) Act 2000.
A.1.6 Schedules 1 (birds) and 5 (animals) of the Act identify species of bird and other animal in relation to which the Act makes killing, injury, taking and disturbance an offence while Schedule 8 to the Act lists species of plant in relation to which the Act makes it an offence to intentionally pick, uproot or destroy.
A.1.7 Section 14(2) of the Act makes it an offence to cause any species of animal or plant listed in Schedule 9 of the Act to grow in the wild.
A.1.8 The Act further provides for notification and confirmation of Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) for their flora, fauna, geological or physiographical features. It also contains measures for the protection and management of SSSIs.
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The Natural Environmental and Rural Communities Act 2006 (‘NERC’)
A.1.9 The NERC Act sets a duty on public bodies (including Local Authorities) to have due regard for habitats and Species of Principal Importance for biodiversity in England when carrying out their duties.
A.1.10 Section 41 (S.41) the Act requires the Secretary of State to publish a list of habitats and species which are of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity in England. The list is used by decision-makers, such as Local Authorities, in implementing their protection duties under this Act when carrying out their functions.
A.1.11 The S.41 list includes 56 habitats and almost 1000 Species of Principal Importance in England. Since the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 2010 the UK identify these habitats and species as conservation priorities under the UK Post-2010 Biodiversity Framework, (they were formerly identified as UK BAP habitats and species).
A.1.12 Paragraph 117 of the NPPF (see below) guides local planning authorities to create policies which promote the preservation, restoration and re-creation of priority habitats, ecological networks and the protection and recovery of priority species.
Protection of Badgers Act 1992
A.1.13 The Act protects badgers from persecution rather than being a response to unfavourable conservation status. The Act makes it an offence to:
willfully kill, injure, take, possess or cruelly ill-treat a badger; or attempt to do so; or
to intentionally or recklessly interfere with a sett.
A.1.14 Badgers and their setts are frequently encountered in both urban and rural areas and as such land development and regeneration projects have the potential to affect badgers and/or their setts. If an offence is likely to result an effective mitigation plan much be agreed with Natural England and authorised by licence before work proceeds.
Hedgerow Regulations 1997
A.1.15 The Regulations made make it an offence to remove or destroy certain “important” hedgerows in England and Wales without permission from the local planning authority. The criteria determining whether the hedgerow is “important” are defined in the Regulations and relate to biodiversity and archaeological interest, associated features and setting in the landscape.
A.2 Planning Policy –
A.1 National Planning Policy Framework
A.1.1 The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) was published in March 2012. This document states that, “the planning system should contribute to and enhance the natural and local environment by:
Protecting and enhancing valued landscapes, geological conservation interests and soils;
Minimising impacts on biodiversity and providing net gains in biodiversity, where possible contributing to the Government’s commitment to halt the overall decline in biodiversity, including by establishing coherent ecological networks that are more resilient to current and future pressures; and
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Preventing both new and existing development from contributing to or being put at unacceptable risk from, or being adversely affected by unacceptable levels of soil, air, water or noise pollution or land instability”.
Planning applications and biodiversity
A.1.2 “When determining planning applications, local planning authorities should aim to conserve and enhance biodiversity by applying the following principles:
If significant harm resulting from a development cannot be avoided (through locating on an alternative site with less harmful impacts), adequately mitigated, or, as a last resort, compensated for, then planning permission should be refused;
Proposed development on land within or outside a Site of Special Scientific Interest likely to have an adverse effect on a Site of Special Scientific Interest (either individually or in combination with other developments) should not normally be permitted. Where an adverse effect on the site’s notified special interest features is likely, an exception should only be made where the benefits of the development, at this site clearly outweigh both the impacts that it is likely to have on the features of the site that make it of special scientific interest and any broader impacts on the national network of Sites of Special Scientific Interest;
Development proposals where the primary objective is to conserve or enhance biodiversity should be permitted; and
Opportunities to incorporate biodiversity in and around developments should be encouraged”.
A.1.3 The Government Circular 06/2005 remains valid and Paragraph 99 provides guidance stating “It is essential that the presence or otherwise of protected species, and the extent that they may be affected by the Proposed Development, is established before the planning permission is granted, otherwise all relevant material considerations may not have been addressed in making the decision”.
British Standard BS42020: 2013 ‘Biodiversity – Code of practice for planning and development. Practice’
A.1.4 British Standard to promote a rigorous professional scientific and consistent approach to gathering, analysing, presenting and reviewing ecological information at key stages of the planning application process.
A.1.5 BS4202:2013 ISBN 978 0 580 77917 6 sets out a standard approach intended to promote submission of transparent and consistent ecological information of appropriate quality to inform with planning applications and applications for other regulatory approvals.
Local Planning Policy
A.1.6 The current Aylesbury Vale Local Plan was adopted in 2004. Following an examination process, the planned replacement document for the 2004 Local Plan (the Vale of Aylesbury Plan Strategy) was withdrawn on the advice of the Planning Inspectorate in January 2014. Some policy contained in the 2004 Local Plan document was saved, but this did not include any policy in relation to biodiversity.
A.1.7 The new Vale of Aylesbury Local Plan is currently under development.
A.1.8 Emerging Local Plan policies of relevance to the RAF Halton site are reproduced below. Although these may be afforded some regard as part of the planning process, no emphasis
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can be put upon their content until they are formally adopted. In the meantime, it is expected that the planning process will defer, in the first instance, to standing national planning policy of relevance to biodiversity: contained within the NPPF and Government Circular 06/2005 (see above).
Vale of Aylesbury Local Plan
“NE1: Protected Sites:
Development proposals that would lead to an individual or cumulative significant adverse impact on SSSIs, or irreplaceable habitats such as ancient woodland or ancient trees the Council will be refused unless exceptional circumstances can be demonstrated and that the impacts to the site are clearly out weighed by the benefits of the development.
Sufficient information must be provided for the Council to assess the significance of the impact against the importance of the protected site and the species which depend upon it. This will include the area around the protected site. Planning permission will be granted only where:
a. the benefits of the development at this site clearly outweigh any adverse impacts on the protected site and the ecosystem services it provides
b. development has followed a mitigation hierarchy of avoid, then mitigate if avoidance cannot be achieved - then compensate/offset if mitigation cannot be achieved. Avoidance will require the applicant to demonstrate that the development could not be located in an alternative, less harmful location.
NE2 Biodiversity and Geodiversity
Protection and enhancement of biodiversity, geodiversity and the natural environment will be achieved by the following:
c. On greenfield sites, a net gain in biodiversity will be sought and on other sites no net loss and a net gain where possible in biodiversity will be sought by protecting, managing, enhancing and extending existing resources, and by creating new resources. These gains must be measurable using best practice in biodiversity and green infrastructure accounting and in accordance with any methodology set out in a future Supplementary Planning Document
d. If significant harm resulting from a development cannot be avoided (through locating on an alternative site with less harmful impacts), adequately mitigated, or as a last resort, compensated for, then development will not be permitted. Mitigation, compensation and enhancement measures must be secured and should be maintained in perpetuity
e. Internationally important sites and species will be protected. Avoidance of likely significant adverse effects should be the first option. Development likely to affect the Chiltern Beechwoods SAC international site will be subject to assessment under the Habitat Regulations and will not be permitted unless adverse effects can be fully mitigated
f. Development on or likely to have an adverse effect on sites of nationally important sites, such as Sites of Special Scientific Interest will not normally be permitted. Where an adverse effect on the site’s notified special interest features is likely, an exception should only be made where: (i) the benefits of the development at the site significantly and demonstrably outweigh both the impacts that it is likely to have on the features of the site that make it of special scientific interest and any broader impacts on the national network
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of Sites of Special Scientific Interest, and (ii) the loss can be mitigated and compensation can be provided to achieve a net gain in biodiversity/geodiversity.
g. Development which would result in damage to or loss of a site of biodiversity or geological value of regional or local importance including habitats of principal importance or the habitats of species of principal importance will not be permitted except in exceptional circumstances where the need for, and benefits of the development significantly and demonstrably outweigh the harm it would cause to the site, and the loss can be mitigated and compensation provided to achieve a net gain in biodiversity/geodiversity
h. The Council will, where appropriate, expect ecological surveys for planning applications to be undertaken by a suitably qualified person and consistent with nationally accepted standards (BS 42020:Biodiversity – Code of Practice for planning and development) as replaced
i. When there is a reasonable likelihood of the presence of protected or priority species or their habitats, development will not be permitted until it has been demonstrated that the proposed development will not result in a negative impact on these species or their habitats
j. Development proposals will be expected to promote site permeability for wildlife and avoid the fragmentation of wildlife corridors, incorporating features to encourage biodiversity, and retain and where possible enhance existing features of nature conservation value on site. Existing ecological networks should be identified and maintained to avoid habitat fragmentation, and ecological corridors including water courses should form an essential component of green infrastructure provision in association with new development to ensure habitat connectivity
k. Planning conditions/obligations will be used to secure no net loss and net gains in biodiversity where possible by helping deliver Bucks and MK Biodiversity Action Plan targets in the biodiversity opportunity areas. On greenfield sites, the Council is seeking to achieve a net gain in biodiversity. Where development is proposed within or adjacent to a biodiversity opportunity area biodiversity surveys and a report will be required to identify constraints and opportunities for biodiversity enhancement. Development which would prevent the aims of a biodiversity opportunity area being achieved will not be permitted. Where there is potential for development, the design and layout of the development, planning conditions or obligations will be used to secure biodiversity enhancement to help achieve the aims of the biodiversity opportunity area. A monitoring and management plan will be required for biodiversity features on site to ensure their longterm suitable management (secured through planning condition or Section 106 agreement).”
Forward to 2020, Buckinghamshire and Milton Keynes Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP)
A.1.9 The Buckinghamshire and Milton Keynes Biodiversity Action Plan was revised it 2009. It “describes how the wildlife of Bucks & Milton Keynes is going to be enhanced and protected between now and 2020 in line with the biodiversity strategy for England ‘Biodiversity 2020: A Strategy for England’s wildlife and ecosystem services’. The BAP outlines a number of habitat creation and restoration targets. Those of relevance to the RAF Halton site include:
Hedgerows
Ponds
Native woodland
Watercourses
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There are no current species targets included within the BAP.
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Appendix B Designated Areas For Nature Conservation
Site Name Approximate Summary of Designated Features Distance and Direction from the Site Statutory Designated Areas (not described within the main body of the report) Dancersend 1.9 km south- CG2 - Festuca ovina - Avenula pratensis lowland calcareous Waterworks SSSI east grassland habitat. Bacombe and 2 km south- CG2 - Festuca ovina - Avenula pratensis lowland calcareous Coombe Hills west grassland; CG3 - Bromus erectus lowland calcareous grassland; SSSI. and U4a - Festuca ovina - Agrostis capillaris - Galium saxatile lowland acid grassland habitats.
Population of Schedule 8 plant – fringed gentian Gentianella ciliate.
Population of nationally scarce butterfly species - Hamearis lucina, Duke of Burgundy. Bacombe Hill 2 km south- Chalk grassland, scrub and beech woodland on the central Local Nature west Chilterns’ escarpment. Reserve (LNR) Rare chalk grassland flowers and butterflies. Noted for orchids. Non-Statutory Designated Areas Local Wildlife Sites (LWSs) Field South of 790m west Fen through which runs a clean chalk stream. Habitat scarce World's End within the county, and supports at least three plants which are (80U12) very unusual in Bucks: blunt flowered- rush Juncus subnodulosus, fen bedstraw Galium uliginosum and lesser water- parsnip Berula erecta.
Unimproved grassland species. Moat Meadows, 760m north Wet grassland pasture. Incorporates a moat and various The Vatches earthworks of archaeological and historical importance. Field is (81R07) marked by ridge-and-furrow. One of very few surviving unimproved, flower-rich pastures.
Presence of bucks rarities spiny restharrow Ononis spinosa and blunt-flowered rush Juncus subnodulosus.
Several mature oaks in the field and in the hedgerows. Three hedgerows with a good species count with hazel Corylus avellana and spindle Euonymus europaeus.
Habitats benefit a wide range of wildlife, including dragonflies, butterflies, fox Vulpes vulpes and hare Lepus europaeus. Pavis and Northill 1.87km east Woods south east of Spencersgreen. Ground flora diverse with Wood (90E05) 38 ancient woodland indicator species, including county rarities: both broad-leaved and narrow-lipped helleborine Epipactis helleborine & E.leptochila, bird's-nest orchid Neottia nidus-avis and white helleborine Cephalanthera damasonium and nationally scarce wood barley Hordelymus europaeus also grows here.
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Site Name Approximate Summary of Designated Features Distance and Direction from the Site Tatnall's Wood 1.01 km west Ancient woodland – NVC W14 Fagus sylvatica – Rubus (80Z12) fruticosus woodland with tall beech (F. sylvatic) dominating the canopy. Understorey sparse. Ground flora notable for large amounts of Bucks Biodiversity Action Plan species bluebell. Good population of the Nationally Scarce and Bucks BAP species wood barley Hordelymus europaeus.
W12 Fagus sylvatica – Mercurialis perennis woodland. Developed understorey and rich ground flora. Notably high population of ferns. County uncommon narrow buckler- fern Dryopteris carthusiana is relatively frequently encountered. County rare wood vetch Vicia sylvatica.
Thirty Ancient Woodland Indicator species.
Badger. Woods at Aston 500m east Mixed woodlands with Ancient Woodland Indicator Species, NVC Hill Coppice W12 Fagus sylvatica – Mercurialis perennis woodland on the (81V24) slopes with patches of W14 Fagus sylvatica – Rubus fruticosus woodland on the plateau. Varied understorey with well-developed coppice and variable ground flora.
Badger. Hale Wood 1.6km south NVC W10 Quercus robur – Pteridium aquilinum – Rubus (80Y02) fruticosus with elements of W14 Fagus sylvatica - Rubus fruticosus and W12 Fagus sylvatica – Mercurialis perennis woodland. Understorey sparse and patchy. Diverse ground flora, rich in ancient woodland indicator species - 32 encountered. Hazel coppice areas with well-developed understorey and ground flora. Great Wildmoor 1.93km south Planted woodland with two small areas classified as ancient and Barn Woods replanted (PAWS) at Mercer’s Wood and Barn Wood. Good Complex (80Y18) range of ground flora along certain rides. 29 ancient woodland indicator plant species were recorded in Concord, Velver, Widmoor, & Mercer'sWoods. 16 AWIs in Barn Wood.
Older features such as woodbanks and boundary trees.
Lordling Wood ancient in origin but has been managed for forestry with some planting and selective felling. Retains old boundary hedgerows and banks, and supports 23 ancient woodland indicator plant species. W14 Fagus sylvatica – Rubus fruticosus woodland. The Crong 1.87km east Adjacent to both a SSSI and a further bank of unimproved chalk Meadow BNR grassland. The site is known for its adder's-tongue (90E03) Ophioglossum vulgatum, a rare plant in Bucks.
Many insects are attracted to this sheltered bank of grassland, including including marbled white, meadow brown and small skipper butterflies.
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Site Name Approximate Summary of Designated Features Distance and Direction from the Site West of The 1.34km east Bank of species-rich chalk grassland in a semi-improved grass Crong (90E04) field. Supports plants unusual in Bucks, including kidney vetch Anthyllis vulneraria, blue fleabane Erigeron acer, and meadow oat grass Avenula pratensis.
Attracts a variety of birds including kestrel Falco tinnunculus and green woodpecker Picus viridis. Near the Hale 1.6km south Steep chalk bank east of Wendover, rich in herbs and tall (80Y09) grasses. Adjacent to ancient semi-natural woodland. Supports meadow oat grass Avenula pratensis, which is particularly unusual in Bucks. At the southern end of the main bank, the site becomes a matrix of grassland and mature hawthorn with rose scrub.
The site is much utilised by butterflies and other insects including marbled white, meadow brown and ringlet Aphantopus hyperantus butterflies and cinnabar moth Tyria jacobaeae. Vickery's Field, 755m east Species rich chalk grassland bank near a similar area of Aston Hill important chalk grassland, and adjacent to both woodland (80Z10) plantation and semi-improved, permanent grassland. Supports basil thyme Acinos arvensis, a plant only found on chalk and rare in Bucks.
Range of associated wildlife, especially invertebrates. These include grasshoppers and butterflies like the marbled white, meadow brown, and common blue Polyommatus icarus.
Remnant hedges provide shelter for birds. Milesfield Wood 1.6km south Mature beech wood with a rich ground flora with 30 ancient (80Y05) woodland indicator species, including ramsons Allium ursinum and sessile oak Quercus petraea which are particularly unusual in Bucks. Biological Notification Sites (BNSs) Grand Union Boundary Canal dominated by reed sweet-grass Glyceria maxima. Canal, Wendover unclear, Arm (81V05) however estimated 1km north east Grand Union Directly Canal is very narrow approximately half way between the Canal, Wendover Adjacent bridges. Fewer stands of reed sweet-grass than in other sections Arm (81V04) (north east) of the canal. The bank is dominated by nettles and cow parsley. Grand Union Directly Canal with bank dominated by nettles Urtica sp. and cow parsley Canal, Wendover adjacent Anthriscus sylvestris. Arm (80U13) (west) Grand Union Directly No formal description. Canal, Wendover adjacent Arm (81Q02) (north and south) Scrub bank at 740m north Chalk grassland and scrub, with wooded fringe near road. Halton Golf east Course 81V18
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Site Name Approximate Summary of Designated Features Distance and Direction from the Site Green Park Aston Directly C.70 ha park with specimen trees, 30 species of Clinton (81V10) adjacent lichen (Bowen, 1988), and two springs with miniature ravines. (north east) Wendover Rifle 1,900m south Old gravel pits. Range (80T15) Halton Grassland 360m south Waste, unimproved grassland. (80Z05) Halton Hospital 100m south Cut grassland with uncut herb-rich edges. (80U03) Parch Spinney, 150m west Young beech plantation with some sycamore at edge. Halton (80U14) Scrub area, 750m east Dense hawthorn scrub with a few individual Wendover oaks and ash trees. Principally grass as field layer, although Woods (80Z08) bluebells Hyacinthoides non-scripta locally dominant.
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