DOCSLIB.ORG

Nutritional and Antinutritional Properties of Carissa Carandas and Cordia Dichotoma, Two Medicinally Important Wild Edible Fruits of Odisha

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nutritional and Antinutritional Properties of Carissa Carandas and Cordia Dichotoma, Two Medicinally Important Wild Edible Fruits of Odisha J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res. , 7(7)1-12, 2017 ISSN 2090-4304 Journal of Basic and Applied © 2017, TextRoad Publication Scientific Research www.textroad.com Nutritional and Antinutritional Properties of Carissa carandas and Cordia dichotoma, two Medicinally Important Wild Edible Fruits of Odisha Pragyan Aparichita Patra, Uday Chand Basak * Seed Bank and Seed Biology Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, (R & D Institute of Forest and Environment Department), Bhubaneswar-751015, Odisha, India Received: April 1, 2017 Accepted: June 29, 2017 ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to estimate and compare major nutritional and antinutritional properties of Carissa carandas and Cordia dichotoma fruits collected from various agro-climatic forest zones of Odisha. Nutritional results showed that Cordia dichotoma from Malkangiri region contain maximum amount of moisture (80.24±2.14 % fwt.), acidity (0.31±0.01 % fwt.), total protein (2.26±0.19 % fwt.), total carbohydrate (31.6±0.91% fwt.), total sugar (14.11±0.39 % fwt.), reducing sugar (7.28±0.39 % fwt.) and non-reducing sugar (6.83±0.39 % fwt.) whereas in Carissa carandas , highest moisture (90.59±3.07 %fwt.) and titrable acidity (0.53 ± 0.06 %fwt.) was seen in Khorda region. Maximum total carbohydrate (13.75%fwt.), total sugar (8.46% fwt.) and reducing sugar (4.62% fwt.) found in Malkangiri region. From antinutritional analysis, results showed that Cordia dichotoma contain least amount of saponin (0.193±0.008 % dry wt.) and phytate (1.25±0.13 mg/g dry wt.) from Malkangiri region whereas least oxalate (3.00±0.33 mg/g dry wt.) and tannin (0.045±0.001 TAE g/g dry wt.) content was observed in Carissa carandas from Kalahandi region. Thus, the impact of different geographic locations on nutrients and antinutrients composition in the studied fruits was also evident from the analysis. KEYWORDS: Wild edible fruits, Nutritional, Antinutritional, Regional variation. 1. INTRODUCTION Forests play a large and indispensable role in improving food security for rural and mainly tribal aboriginals. Since immemorial, wild edible fruits of Odisha are being utilized by various tribal communities like Santal, Kolha, Bhuyan, Munda, Lodha, Bathudi, Bhumij, Gond, Mundari, Mankidia, Mahali, Sounti, Saora, Juang, Banjara, Bhottada, Bhujia, Binjhal, Dal, Kandha, Mirdha, Paroja, Shabar etc. in various traditional forms as food, fodder, condiment, medicine, beverages etc. [1,2,3,4]. Wild edible fruits provide nutritional and nutraceutical opportunities. The variable climate and diversified topography of the state contribute to its rich and varied flora [4]. Carissa carandas and Cordia dichotoma are distributed in different regions of Odisha, composition of its nutritional and antinutritional properties vary greatly depending on their geographic locations and various other factors. This is mainly due to the prevailing favourable climate for growth of wild edible fruits, availability of abundant irrigation water. Climate, water balance and life form have more shaped the patterns in fruit nutrients as well as antinutrients. According to the reports, Carissa carandas and Cordia dichotoma fruits were found medicinally important illustrated in Table 1. Malnutrition is a major health burden in developing nation and recognition of these wild edible fruits which are nutritionally potent can provide dietary supplement to the human body [5,6]. Antinutritional factors interfere with the bioavailability of nutrients required by the body; it may be wise to analyze the antinutritional contents according to their nutritional properties so that the users can be informed to make right decision to consume [7,8]. Wild edible fruits have escaped recognition and scientific enquiry. Hence, sustainable utilization of these potential species can add value addition to poorest household and can be further used in pharmaceutical industries. Considering the multifarious usefulness of these wild fruits, the present study was undertaken for generating baseline data on the nutraceutical potential of these wild fruits as influenced by various agro-climatic regions of Odisha to facilitate its potential use in preparation of dietary supplement and processed food products or functional foods. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Sample collection Fresh ripened fruits were collected from 3 different agro-climatic forest zones of Odisha i.e. (i)South Eastern Ghat represented by ‘Malkangiri’ district (17° 52.426 ″ N and 081° 31.675 ″ E), (ii) Western Undulating Corresponding Author: Uday Chand Basak, Seed Bank and Seed Biology Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, (R & D Institute of Forest and Environment Department), Bhubaneswar-751015, Odisha, India. Email id: [email protected] ; Contact No-9437481352, Fax-0674-2550274 1 Patra and Basak 2017 zone represented by ‘Kalahandi’ district (19° 26 ′ 821 ″ N, 082° 48 ′ 882 ″ E) and (iii) East and South-Eastern Coastal Plain represented by ‘Khorda’ district (20° 29 ′ 91 ″ N, 85° 80 ′ 22 ″ E) during the month of May-July, 2016. Collection of fruit samples for both the species has been done by random sampling from their respective region. Immediately after collection, fruits were brought to the laboratory. The fruit samples were authenticated with the help of Ref. Books e.g. Flora of Odisha [9], Wild Edible Fruit Plants of Eastern India [10, 11] and Lesser Known Crops and Wild Edible Fruits of Uttarakhand [12]. It was also compared with authentic herbarium sheets belonging to the Herbarium section of Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar. Table 1. Phenology and medicinal uses of Carissa carandas and Cordia dichotoma fruits Sl. No. Name of fruit species Flowering & Fruiting season Medicinal Uses 1. Carissa carandas L. Flowering Fruits help in antiviral [13] March- April Antiscorbutic, antidiabetic and Fruiting antimicrobial [14]. Good source of vitamin- July- October c and pectin. Mature fruit are rich in pectin [15]. Family: Apocynaceae Local name: Karanda koli 2. Cordia dichotoma Forst. Flowering Fruits used in wound healing activity [16], March- April anthelmintic [17] and antidiabetic [18]. It Fruiting has gastroprotective and antiulcer activity July- October [19]. Fruit gum contains anti-inflammatory activity and acts as emulsifier [20]. Family: Ehretiaceae Local name: Guala koli 2.2 Methodology for nutritional evaluation 2.2.1 Estimation of Moisture content The collected fruit samples were determined for moisture content [21]. An empty dish was dried and weighed. 3 gm of fresh fruit added to the dish. The sample was spread uniformly and kept in hot air oven for 3 hours at 105ºC. After drying, the sample was kept for cooling and the dish was reweighed. Moisture (%) = (W1-W2) x 100 W1 Where: W1= weight (g) of sample before drying W2= weight (g) of sample after drying 2.2.2 Estimation of Acidity content Acidity content of the sample was determined by using Phenolphthalein indicator and sodium hydroxide [22]. Fresh sample (0.5gm of deseeded pulp) was weighed and 10ml of distilled water was added to it. The sample was homogenized with the help of mortar pestle and kept in a beaker. 5ml of sample extract was taken in a conical flask and 2 drops of Phenolphthalein indicator was added and titrated against 0.1 N NaOH solution. A faint pink colour appeared and that is the end point. The burette reading was noted and calculated as per details given below. Titrable Acidity was expressed as Tartaric Acid = ml of alkali ×Normality of Alkali X 7.5 Weight. of Samples in Grams 2.2.3 Estimation of Total Protein content Protein was estimated using Folin Phenol reagent [23]. Fruit samples (1 gm) was homogenized with cold Tris–Glycine buffer solution at a pH of 7.9. It was then centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 20 minutes at 4ºC (Eppendorf cold centrifuge). 2 J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res. , 7(7)1-12, 2017 After centrifugation, the pellet was discarded and to the supernatant equal volume of pre-chilled TCA solution was added and stored overnight to precipitate out all the debris at 4ºC. Next day the supernatant and TCA mixture was again centrifuged at 10, 000 rpm for 15 minutes at 4ºC. After centrifugation the supernatant was discarded and the tight, creamy-white coloured pellet was collected. It was then treated with 1 ml of 0.1 N NaOH solutions and kept as protein stock solution. For quantification, 50µl of sample was taken and adjusted to 1ml by adding distilled water. Then to that sample, 4 ml of (0.1N NaOH, 2% Na 2CO 3,1% CuSO 4, 2% Sodium Potassium tartrate) solution was added and allowed to stand in room temperature for 10 minutes. 0.5 ml of Folin phenol was added and it was incubated in room temperature for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, absorbance was measured at 750 nm in spectrophotometer (Spekol 2000, Analytik Jena Make). Total protein content was calculated against the BSA standard. 2.2.4 Estimation of Total carbohydrate content Total Carbohydrate content was estimated by Anthrone method [24]. The fruit extract was prepared by taking 100 mg of fruit sample and hydrolyzing the fruit sample with 2.5N HCl for 3 hours in water bath at 100 °C. After heating, it was neutralized with sodium carbonate. The sample extract was then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 min (Eppendorf cold Centrifuge, 5430 R) and the supernatant was stored at 4 °C. To 0.5 ml of test sample, 4 ml of Anthrone reagent was added to test tubes and heated for eight minutes at boiling temperature in water bath. It was cooled rapidly before measuring OD at 630 nm in spectrophotometer (Spekol 2000, Analytik Jena Make). A standard graph was made by plotting different concentrations of the D-Glucose standard on the X-axis versus corresponding absorbance on the Y- axis. From the graph the amount of carbohydrate present in the fruit sample was calculated. 2.2.5 Estimation of Total Sugar content Total sugar value of the sample was evaluated as described [22].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Carissa Spinarum (C
    Carissa spinarum (C. edulis) Apocynaceae Indigenous Ag: Aguami Am: Agam Gmz: Soha Or: Agamsa, Hagamsa Sh: Awawa Sm: Orgabat Ecology sowing at site. Wildings often grow under Widespread in Africa from Senegal to parent bushes and may also be used. Somalia and south to Botswana and Seed Mozambique. Also in Asia from Yemen Fresh seed germinate well; 28,000–30,000 to India. Grows in woodlands and forests seeds per kg. where Euphorbia, Acacia, and Croton commonly occur in Dry and Moist Weyna Treatment: Not necessary. Dega and Dega agroclimatic zones in all Storage: Seed loses viability fairly quickly. regions, 500–2600 m. Use fresh seed for best result. Uses Management Firewood, food (fruit), medicine (roots), Fairly slow growing. Trim if grown as ornamental and soil conservation. a fence. Improve more fleshy and juicy quality by selection. Description A spiny shrub or small tree to 5 m or Remarks sometimes a liana up to 10 m long. BARK: An important food and medicinal plant in Grey, smooth with straight woody spines Ethiopia. Both the unripe and ripe fruits are to 5 cm, often in pairs, rarely branching. eaten whole. Much liked by both children Milky latex. LEAVES: Opposite, leathery, and adults. It can be grown from seed to shiny dark green to 5 cm, tip pointed, base develop into an attractive and impenetrable rounded, stalk very short. FLOWERS: hedge. It makes excellent firewood. Fragrant, in pink‑white terminal clusters, each flower to 2 cm, lobes overlap to the right. FRUIT: Rounded berries about 1 cm, purple‑black when ripe, sweet and edible, 2–4 seeds.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Carissa: an Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review
    Nat. Prod. Bioprospect. DOI 10.1007/s13659-017-0123-0 REVIEW The Genus Carissa: An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review Joseph Sakah Kaunda . Ying-Jun Zhang Received: 9 December 2016 / Accepted: 13 February 2017 Ó The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Carissa L. is a genus of the family Apocynaceae, with about 36 species as evergreen shrubs or small trees native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia and Oceania. Most of Carissa plants have been employed and utilized in traditional medicine for various ailments, such as headache, chest complains, rheumatism, oedema, gonorrhoea, syphilis, rabies. So far, only nine Carissa species have been phytochemically studied, which led to the identification of 123 compounds including terpenes, flavonoids, lignans, sterols, simple phenolic compounds, fatty acids and esters, and so on. Pharmacological studies on Carissa species have also indicated various bioactive potentials. This review covers the peer- reviewed articles between 1954 and 2016, retrieved from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Wikipedia and Baidu, using ‘‘Carissa’’ as search term (‘‘all fields’’) and with no specific time frame set for search. Fifteen important medicinal or ornamental Carissa species were selected and summarized on their botanical characteristics, geographical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Keywords Carissa Á Apocynaceae Á Ethnomedicine Á Phytochemistry Á Triterpenes Á Nortrachelogenin Á Pharmacology Abbreviations MIC Minimum inhibitory concentration IC50 Minimum inhibition concentration for inhibiting GABA Neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid 50% of the pathogen DPPH 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl CC50 Cytotoxic concentration of the extracts to cause MTT 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl death to 50% of host’s viable cells tetrazolium bromide EC50 Half maximal effective concentration J.
    [Show full text]
  • Carissa Macrocarpa (Apocynaceae ): New to the Texas Flora
    Singhurst, J.R. and W.C. Holmes. 2010. Carissa macrocarpa (Apocynaceae ): New to the Texas flora. Phytoneuron 2010-19: 1-3. CARISSA MACROCARPA (APOCYNACEAE ): NEW TO THE TEXAS FLORA JASON R. S INGHURST Wildlife Diversity Program Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 3000 South IH-35, Suite 100 Austin, Texas 78704 U.S.A. [email protected] WALTER C. H OLMES Department of Biology Baylor University Waco, Texas 76798-7388 U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A. DC. is documented as occurring outside of cultivation in Texas. Several colonies were found growing on shell middens in Nueces County. It is suspected that seeds were dispersed from landscape plantings in the Corpus Christi area. Carissa macrocarpa has moderate invasive potential along the Texas coast. KEY WORDS: Apocynaceae, Carissa macrocarpa , Texas, naturalized. Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A. DC. (Apocynaceae), commonly known as Natal plum, was recently documented as naturalizing in Nueces County, Texas. The species has not been previously reported outside of cultivation in Texas (Correll & Johnson 1970; Hatch 1990; Jones et al. 1997; Turner et al. 2003). Carissa macrocarpa is native to the coastal region of Natal, South Africa. It was introduced into the United States in 1886 by the horticulturist Theodore L. Meade. In 1903, David Fairchild of the Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction of the United States Department of Agriculture imported a large quantity of seeds from the Botanical Garden at Durban, South Africa. Several thousand seedlings were raised at the then Plant Introduction Garden at Miami and distributed for testing in Florida, the Gulf states and California.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Seed Treatments on Germination of Karoda
    International Journal of Chemical Studies 2020; 8(4): 3174-3176 P-ISSN: 2349–8528 E-ISSN: 2321–4902 www.chemijournal.com Effect of seed treatments on germination of IJCS 2020; 8(4): 3174-3176 © 2020 IJCS Karoda (Carissa carandas L.) cv. local Received: 10-05-2020 Accepted: 12-06-2020 JM Mistry and HH Sitapara JM Mistry Department of Horticulture, B. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i4am.10138 A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India Abstract The research experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. HH Sitapara A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the year 2018. The Experiment Department of Horticulture, B. was laid out in completely randomized design involved 11 different seed treatments including control. A. College of Agriculture, Anand The effect of different seed treatments on various parameters of germination were studied on karonda Agricultural University, Anand, seeds. Among various treatments applied, Seeds soaked in cow dung slurry for 24 hours recorded Gujarat, India maximum seed germination (62.67%), speed of germination (2.20) and required minimum mean germination time (15.03 days). While, seeds soaked in GA3 100 mg/l for 24 hours took minimum days (21.00) for germination. Keywords: Germination, cow dung slurry, GA3, mean germination time, speed of germination Introduction Karonda (Carissa carandas L.) is an important, minor underexploited fruit crop has origin in India. It is popularly known as “Bengal currant” or “Christ’s Thorn”. It belongs to family Apocynaceae with chromosome number 2n = 22. There are about 30 species in genus the Carissa being native of tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa, Australia and China (Arif et al., [2] 2016) .
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemical Studies and Tlc Finger Print Profiling of Different Bioactive Compounds from Carissa Carandas L
    P. Kasturi et al. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 2018, 9 (10) INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY www.irjponline.com ISSN 2230 – 8407 Research Article PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES AND TLC FINGER PRINT PROFILING OF DIFFERENT BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM CARISSA CARANDAS L. A MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT PLANT P. Kasturi, B. Satyanarayana, P. Subhashini Devi * Department of Biochemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Article Received on: 05/08/18 Approved for publication: 20/09/18 DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.0910237 ABSTRACT Plants and plant-based products such as secondary metabolites are the basis of modern pharmaceuticals that are current in use today for various diseases. The objective of the study was to explore the bioactive components and TLC finger printing of methanolic leaf extract of Carissa carandas. The preliminary phytochemical screening of methanolic extract showed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, tannins, phytosterols, terpenoids, quinones and carbohydrates. Quantitative analysis of the extract indicates that the leaf extract was rich in phenols, tannins and flavonoids than the other plant parts. TLC finger printing profile of extract of Carissa carandas showed presence of different compounds with distinct Rf values with different solvent systems. Key words: Carissa carandas; Apocynaceae; leaf extract; secondary metabolites; TLC studies INTRODUCTION substances including β-sitosterol, lupeol, glucosides of odoroside-H, ursolic acid and a new cardioactive substance9. The Medicinal plants are a big source of information for a wide variety present study was initiated by considering the importance of plant of chemical constituents which could be developed as drugs with as well as fruit.
    [Show full text]
  • Brisbane Native Plants by Suburb
    INDEX - BRISBANE SUBURBS SPECIES LIST Acacia Ridge. ...........15 Chelmer ...................14 Hamilton. .................10 Mayne. .................25 Pullenvale............... 22 Toowong ....................46 Albion .......................25 Chermside West .11 Hawthorne................. 7 McDowall. ..............6 Torwood .....................47 Alderley ....................45 Clayfield ..................14 Heathwood.... 34. Meeandah.............. 2 Queensport ............32 Trinder Park ...............32 Algester.................... 15 Coopers Plains........32 Hemmant. .................32 Merthyr .................7 Annerley ...................32 Coorparoo ................3 Hendra. .................10 Middle Park .........19 Rainworth. ..............47 Underwood. ................41 Anstead ....................17 Corinda. ..................14 Herston ....................5 Milton ...................46 Ransome. ................32 Upper Brookfield .......23 Archerfield ...............32 Highgate Hill. ........43 Mitchelton ...........45 Red Hill.................... 43 Upper Mt gravatt. .......15 Ascot. .......................36 Darra .......................33 Hill End ..................45 Moggill. .................20 Richlands ................34 Ashgrove. ................26 Deagon ....................2 Holland Park........... 3 Moorooka. ............32 River Hills................ 19 Virginia ........................31 Aspley ......................31 Doboy ......................2 Morningside. .........3 Robertson ................42 Auchenflower
    [Show full text]
  • Carissa Macrocarpa1
    Fact Sheet FPS-108 October, 1999 Carissa macrocarpa1 Edward F. Gilman2 Introduction Description Dwarf Natal Plum is an evergreen ground cover that is Height: 1 to 2 feet known for its attractive foliage, flowers and fruits. This dense, Spread: 4 to 8 feet spreading plant will reach a height of only 12 to 18 inches. The Plant habit: spreading Natal Plum has small, leathery, ovoid leaves that are dark green Plant density: dense in color accompanied by sharp, bifurcate (forked) spines about Growth rate: moderate 1 ½ inches long. White, star-shaped flowers that are 2 inches Texture: fine wide appear throughout the plant in the spring. The fragrant flowers are solitary and have overlapping petals. Bright red Foliage fruits are about 2 inches long and ripen throughout the year. They are plum-shaped berries occasionally used for jellies and Leaf arrangement: opposite/subopposite preserves. Twigs bleed a milky sap when they are injured. Leaf type: simple Leaf margin: terminal spine General Information Leaf shape: ovate Leaf venation: pinnate Leaf type and persistence: evergreen Scientific name: Carissa macrocarpa Leaf blade length: 2 to 4 inches Pronunciation: kuh-RISS-uh mack-roe-KAR-puh Leaf color: green Common name(s): Dwarf Natal-Plum Fall color: no fall color change Family: Apocynaceae Fall characteristic: not showy Plant type: ground cover USDA hardiness zones: 9B through 11 (Fig. 1) Flower Planting month for zone 9: year round Planting month for zone 10 and 11: year round Flower color: white Origin: not native to North America Flower characteristic:
    [Show full text]
  • ECHO's Catalogue and Compendium of Warm Climate Fruits
    ECHO's Catalogue and Compendium of Warm Climate Fruits Featuring both common and hard-to-find fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices and bamboo for Southwest Florida ECHO's Catalogue and Compendium of Warm Climate Fruits Featuring both common and hard-to-find fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices and bamboo for Southwest Florida D. Blank, A. Boss, R. Cohen and T. Watkins, Editors Contributing Authors: Dr. Martin Price, Daniel P. Blank, Cory Thede, Peggy Boshart, Hiedi Hans Peterson Artwork by Christi Sobel This catalogue and compendium are the result of the cumulative experi- ence and knowledge of dedicated ECHO staff members, interns and vol- unteers. Contained in this document, in a practical and straight-forward style, are the insights, observations, and recommendations from ECHO’s 25 year history as an authority on tropical and subtropical fruit in South- west Florida. Our desire is that this document will inspire greater enthusi- asm and appreciation for growing and enjoying the wonderful diversity of warm climate fruits. We hope you enjoy this new edition of our catalogue and wish you many successes with tropical fruits! Also available online at: www.echonet.org ECHO’s Tropical Fruit Nursery Educational Concerns for Hunger Organization 17391 Durrance Rd. North Fort Myers, FL 33917 (239) 567-1900 FAX (239) 543-5317 Email: [email protected] This material is copyrighted 1992. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited. Revised May 1996, Sept 1998, May 2002 and March 2007. Fruiting Trees, Shrubs and Herbaceous Plants Table of Contents 1. Fruiting Trees, Shrubs and Herbaceous Plants 2 2. Trees for the Enthusiast 34 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Carissa Carandas Linn.)
    Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 96 (2018) 217-224 EISSN 2392-2192 SHORT COMMUNICATION Traditional Uses and Nutrient Status of Indian Native Plant Fruit (Carissa carandas Linn.) Kaliyamoorthy Jayakumar* and B. Muthuraman Department of Botany, A.V.C. College (Autonomous), Mannampandal 609 305, Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu, India *E-mail address: [email protected] *Cell: +91 9965942672 ABSTRACT Carissa carandas are important medicinal plants in Tamil Nadu. The entire plant has medicinal values. Carissa carandas plants are used to cure various diseases such as asthma, skin disease, cough, cold and tuberculosis. They usually are prepared as fresh juices rather than boiling water and decoction leaves and flowers of Carissa carandas. The juice from the leaves play an important role in this matter. Usually about 30 ml of the juice is taken thrice a day with honey, acting as relieving agent for irritable cough due to its soothing action on the nerve and by liquefying the sputum, which makes expectoration easier. Carissa carandas are important traditional remedies in Tamil Nadu. Keywords: Medicinal properties, Carissa carandas leaves, Mineral content, Cure diseases 1. INTRODUCTION The word “herb” has been derived from the Latin word, “herba” and an old French word “herbe”. Now a days, herb refers to any part of the plant like fruit, seed, stem, bark, ( Received 14 February 2018; Accepted 27 February 2018; Date of Publication 03 April 2018 ) World Scientific News 96 (2018) 217-224 flower, leaf, stigma or a root, as well as a non-woody plant. Earlier, the term “herb” was only applied to non-woody plants, including those that come from trees and shrubs.
    [Show full text]
  • Botanical Studies of the Leaf, Stem and Root of Carissa Macrocarpa
    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2016; 5(3): 106-113 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2016; 5(3): 106-113 Botanical studies of the leaf, stem and root of Carissa Received: 15-03-2016 Accepted: 16-04-2016 macrocarpa, (Apocynaceae), cultivated in Egypt Khaled M Allam Department of Pharmacognosy, Khaled M Allam, Adel M Abd El-Kader, Mahmoud AH Mostafa and Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar Mostafa A Fouad University, Assiut-Branch, 71524 Assuit, Egypt. Abstract Adel M Abd El-Kader The present study examines various standardized parameters as morphological and histological Department of Pharmacognosy, characters which could be helpful in authentication of the leaf, stem and root of Carissa macrocarpa. Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar Concerning the microscopical features of Carissa macrocarpa, the plant is characterized microscopically University, Assiut-Branch, by presence of large calcium oxalate clusters, forked apex fibers as well as pericyclic fibers with balloon 71524 Assuit, Egypt. like structure. Mahmoud AH Mostafa Keywords: Carissa macrocarpa, Apocynaceae, leaf, petiole, stem, root, botanical studies Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar 1. Introduction University, Assiut-Branch, 71524 Assuit, Egypt. Family Apocynaceae is a large family consist of 402 Genera and 18,497 species distributed all [1] over the world , A variety of secondary metabolites with important biological and economic Mostafa A Fouad value were detected in Apocynaceae as; triterpenes and sterols [2], cardenolides [3, 4] and Department of Pharmacognosy, alkaloids [5, 6]. C. macrocarpa (Apocynaceae) is a shrub native to South Africa and cultivated Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia in Egypt, a traditional food plant in Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Shelf Life of Karonda Jams (Carissa Carandas L.) Under Ambient Temperature
    Vol. 8(21), pp. 2447-2449, 6 June, 2013 DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2013.6854 African Journal of Agricultural ISSN 1991-637X ©2013 Academic Journals Research http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR Short Communication Shelf life of Karonda jams (Carissa carandas L.) under ambient temperature R. A. Wani*, V. M. Prasad, S. A. Hakeem, S. Sheema, S. Angchuk and A. Dixit Department of Horticulture, SHIATS Allahabad U.P-211007, India. Accepted 24 May, 2013 The studies were based on variations of sugar and to find out the best treatment for maximum storage period. The experiment comprised of 5 levels of addition of sugar and data obtained was analyzed by completely randomized design. Results obtained from study showed that Treatment 4 (1000 g pulp + 1150 g sugar) possessed an ideal value of total soluble solids (TSS), pH, acidity, moisture, ascorbic acid, iron, and overall acceptability at 0, 20, 40 and 80 days of storage. These seven parameters show that the quality of Karonda jam obtained by incorporating 1150 g of sugar was of good texture and quality. Based on the experimental study it was concluded that among all the treatments, treatment 4 was the best with regard to physical, chemical and sensory parameters of jam. Key words: Karonda jams, sugar concentrations, preservation, shelf life. INTRODUCTION Fruits are amongst the first food items known consumed healers of Chhattisgarh, India have expertise in treatment prehistorically by human beings. Fruits whether fresh, of different types of cancer from Karonda. dried or processed have always formed a part of the Carissa Carandas Linn. (Karonda) is a widely used staple diet of human beings because they are rich in medicinal plant by tribals throughout India and popular in nutrients and provide some of the essential minerals, various indigenous system of medicine like ayurveda, vitamins, and the like, apart from that, they also help in unani and homoeopathy.
    [Show full text]
  • Enrichment of Mango Fruit Leathers with Natal Plum (Carissa Macrocarpa) Improves Their Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Properties
    foods Article Enrichment of Mango Fruit Leathers with Natal Plum (Carissa macrocarpa) Improves Their Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Properties Tshudufhadzo Mphaphuli 1,2, Vimbainashe E. Manhivi 2, Retha Slabbert 1, Yasmina Sultanbawa 3 and Dharini Sivakumar 2,* 1 Department of Horticulture, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West 0001, South Africa; [email protected] (T.M.); [email protected] (R.S.) 2 Phytochemical Food Network Group, Department of Crop Sciences. Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West 0001, South Africa; [email protected] 3 Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Center for Food Science and Nutrition, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4069, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 3 February 2020; Accepted: 31 March 2020; Published: 4 April 2020 Abstract: Natal plum fruit (Carissa macrocarpa) is indigenous to South Africa and a rich source of cyanidin derivatives. Indigenous fruits play a major role in food diversification and sustaining food security in the Southern African region. Agro-processing of indigenous are practiced adopted by the rural African communities in order to reduce the postharvest wastage of fruit commodities. In the current study, Natal plum was added to mango pulp at different ratios (mango and Natal plum (5:1, 3:1, 2:1)) to develop a healthy-functional snack (fruit leather). The effects of added Natal plum on the availability of antioxidant constituents and in vitro antioxidant properties of a mango-based fruit leather were evaluated by comparing with mango fruit leather. Fruit leather containing mango and Natal plum (2:1) retained the highest content of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride, cyanidin- 3-O-β-sambubioside, epicatechin, apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin-3-O-rhamnosyl glucoside, catechin, quinic, and chlorogenic acids, and in vitro antioxidant activity.
    [Show full text]