ABSORPTIVE STATE PRE-LECTURE

Dr. Dalay Olson Office: 3-120 Jackson Hall Office Hours Tuesday 1-3pm [email protected] WHAT HAPPENS TO FOOD BETWEEN DIGESTION AND STORAGE?

Why do we eat food in the first place?? LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Describe the journey of , amino acids from Gut   peripheral cells where they are used and stored. 2. Explain how glycogenesis and in the liver prevent large spikes of plasma glucose after a meal. 3. Compare and contrast the storage of absorbed TGL vs. TGL from the liver. 4. Describe negative feedback regulation of . 5. Explain how insulin promotes Rx of absorptive state. 6. Describe the relationship btwn diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia.

• Sum of chemical reactions in the body 1. Extract energy from nutrients 2. Use energy for work 3. Store excess energy • Anabolic pathways synthesize larger molecules from smaller ones • Fed state, or absorptive state • Catabolic pathways break large molecules into smaller ones • Fasted state, or postabsorptive state

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ANABOLIC CATABOLIC PATHWAYS PATHWAYS

• Glycogenesis (glyco-genesis) • (-o- • Formation of glycogen lysis) • Breakdown of glycogen • Lipogenesis (lipo-genesis) • Formation of • Liopolysis (lipo-lysis) • Breakdown of lipids • (gluco- neo-genesis) • Formation of glucose “Genesis” = formation “Lysis” = breakdown INGESTED ENERGY MAY BE USED OR STORED

• Ingested biomolecules have three fates 1. Energy to do mechanical work 2. Synthesis for growth and maintenance 3. Storage as glycogen or fat • Nutrient pools are pools available for immediate use • Free fatty acids pool • Glucose pool • pool

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. EXCESS ENERGY CAN BE STORED AS FAT AND GLYCOGEN

• Glycogen (glucose polymer) • Stored in liver and skeletal muscles • Rapid source of energy • Fat • Fats have more than twice the energy content of an equal amount of or • Energy in fats is harder and slower to access

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.