Gcse 4231/02 Geography

used inyouranswersthat involveextendedwriting. You areremindedthat assessment willtakeintoaccountthequality of writtencommunication The numberofmarksis giveninbracketsattheendofeachquestionor part-question. INFORMATION FORCANDIDATES correctly. your answer,continuetheansweratbackof thebook,takingcaretonumbercontinuation Write youranswersinthespacesprovidedthis booklet.Wherethespaceisnotsufficientfor Answer Write yourname,centrenumberandcandidate number inthespacesattopofthispage. Use blackinkorball-pointpen. INSTRUCTIONS TOCANDIDATES Other Names Surname all the questions. 1 hour 45 minutes P.M. TUESDAY, 4June 2013 UNIT 1Core Geography HIGHER TIER (Specification A) GEOGRAPHY 4231/02 GCSE © WJEC CBAC Ltd. WJEC Question 1 Question 6 Question 5 Question 4 Question 3 Question 2 MARKS TOTAL Number For only use Examiner’s Centre 0 Candidate Number CJ*(S13-4231-02) 90 15 15 15 15 15 15

4231 020001 2 Examiner only Answer all questions.

Theme 1 – Water

1. (a) Study the map below.

Map of the Conwy Valley

27 28 38 38 A55 KEY CONWY A55 400 m + Afon Gyffin A470 Afon Gyrach 200-399 m 610 0-199 m Afon Tafalog Afon Ro

e 621 341 steep slopes

y (arrows point downhill)

37 o 37 C

yn n towns o Afon Dulw f A

389 main roads

735 Afon Porth-Llwyd

Llyn rivers Eigiau 503 N (reservoir) A470 798 341 peak (height in metres) rafnant A458 Llyn Afon G Cowlyd (reservoir) LLANRWST Llyn Llyn Geirionydd 36 Grafnant 36 0510 27 28 kilometres

(i) In what general direction does the Afon (River) Conwy flow? [1]

......

(ii) Give a six figure grid reference for Llyn Grafnant...... [1]

(iii) What is the distance along the Afon Grafnant from its source in Llyn Grafnant to

its confluence with Afon Conwy? ...... [1]

A photograph of the Conwy Valley in flood 4231 020003 (iv) Describe the relief of the catchment area of the Afon Conwy. [2]

(v) Suggest why villages in the Conwy Valley are at risk of flooding. [4]

BBC News: Should we change our approach to floodplain management?

A government study says the cost of flood damage in England and Wales could rise from about £1bn a year to £20bn by 2080.

Planners say a new sustainable approach to flood prevention must replace the old, “expensive and unsustainable high walls” approach where “everything stays dry”.

Explain why many people believe that planners should change their approach to river and floodplain management in the future. [6] Use examples to help your answer.

2. (a) Study the graph below.

Average global land surface temperatures Temperature (°C) 0.6

0.4 temperature (°C) above average 0.2 average temperature (1961 – 1990) 0.0

– 0.2 temperature (°C) below average – 0.4

– 0.6 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

(i) Describe the change in global temperature since 1850. [3] 4231 020005

(ii) Explain how one piece of evidence, other than the change in global temperature, supports the idea that climate change is taking place. [3]

Predicted change in average surface temperature by 2100

Arctic KEY: +5°C

+3°C North Europe Asia +2°C America Tropic of Cancer +1°C Africa Equator 0 South –1°C Tropic of Capricorn America Australasia

Antarctica

Describe the distribution of areas of the world that are predicted to have a +5ºC increase in average surface temperature. [3]

© WJEC CBAC Ltd. (4231-02) 7 Examiner only (c) Explain how governments and individuals can take actions to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and help create a low carbon future. [6] Use examples to help your answer.

4231 020007

3. (a) Study the satellite photograph and map below. Satellite photograph of Sicily Map of Sicily

Messina T y r r Strait h e n i a n S e a PALERMO Trapani Messina

Mt. Etna Mt Etna Marsala S ICILY Catania Caltanissetta Agrigento

M Syracuse N e KEY: d i t e Ragusa lowland r r a n hills e a n S mountains e a 050 100 150 airport kilometres

(i) Describe the location of Mt Etna on the island of Sicily. [3]

(ii) Name two primary hazards faced by people living near an active volcano. [2]

(iii) Explain why some people choose to live close to active volcanoes despite the risks. [4]

Explain how the effects of volcanic eruptions may be reduced. [6] Use examples to help your answer.

4231 020009

BLANK PAGE

4. (a) Study the population pyramids below.

TANZANIA AGE UNITED KINGDOM 100+ 95-99 90-94 85-89 Males 80-84 Males Females 75-79 Females 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 10 886644220 10 10 886644220 10 Percent of Total Population Percent of Total Population

(i) Compare the population pyramids for Tanzania and the United Kingdom. [3]

(ii) Explain how the population structure of the UK, or any other Western European country, is likely to cause problems for the country in the future. [4]

Total fertility rate (2009)

Europe

Average number of children per family 7-8 children 6-7 children 5-6 children 4-5 children 3-4 children 2-3 children South Asia 1-2 children

Tanzania

(i) Give the average number of children per family for Tanzania. [1]

......

(ii) Compare total fertility rate in South Asia to that in Europe. [1]

5. (a) Study the line graph and text box below.

Polish born people in employment in the UK

Thousands 500 450 400 Migrant workers 350 300 In May 2004 eight eastern European 250 nations joined the European Union. 200 The largest group of people migrating to 150 the UK for employment has been Polish workers. 100 50 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Years

(i) Calculate the increase in Polish born people in employment in the UK between 2004 and 2010. [1]

...... thousands

(ii) Explain the benefits of migrant workers to receiving countries such as the UK. [4]

Trade between the European Union (EU) and the rest of the world

European Union Rest of the world agricultural goods (126 million tonnes)

manufactured products (207 million tonnes)

fuels/mining products (203 million tonnes) EU EXPORTS (2008) EU IMPORTS (2008)

agricultural goods (193 million tonnes)

manufactured products (221 million tonnes)

fuels/mining products (1 384 million tonnes)

(i) The European Union (EU) is an example of a trading bloc. What is a trading bloc? [1]

(ii) Use the diagram to describe the trade between the European Union (EU) and the rest of the world. [3]

© WJEC CBAC Ltd. (4231-02) Turn over. 16 Examiner only (iii) Explain how patterns of global trade have hindered economic development in the least developed countries. [6] Use examples to help your answer.

6. (a) Study the maps below. Standard of living in Pakistan (measured using HDI) 65°E 70°E 75°E 0 200 400 600 800 1000km C HIN A HDI measures wealth, education and health. N It is scored out of 1.0. Places where the 35°N score is higher have Islamabad a higher standard of living. AFGHANISF TAN 0.7+ Lahore 0.6 – 0.69 0.5 – 0.59 Punjab 30°N 0.3 – 0.49 INDIA No data Baluchistaa n IRAN

Sindh NORTH EUROPE ASIA AMERICA 25°N AFRICA SOUTH Arabian AMERICA Karachi Sea

65°E 70°E 75°E

(i) In which continent is Pakistan? ...... [1] (ii) Give the latitude and longitude of Karachi. [1] Latitude Longitude

Karachi ......

(iii) Calculate the distance from Karachi to Islamabad...... km [1] (iv) Describe the distribution of places within Pakistan that have the highest standard of living (where HDI is greater than 0.7). [2]

Countries receiving UK government aid 2009/10

KEY Ghana Aid to African Countries

Aid to South Asian Countries Pakistan

Tanzania

Bangladesh

Ethiopia

India £ millions 0 100 200 300 of aid

Aid Country £ (millions) India 295 Ethiopia 214 Bangladesh 149 Tanzania 144 Pakistan 140 Ghana 90

(i) Complete the graph showing aid given to Ethiopia in 2009/10. [1]

(ii) Calculate the total aid given to South Asian countries in the table. [1]

£ ...... millions

(iii) Describe one way in which government aid could help long term development. [2]

© WJEC CBAC Ltd. (4231-02) 19 Examiner only (c) Compare the progress in development made in recent years by South Asian countries such as India, with sub-Saharan countries such as Tanzania. Use examples to help your answer. [6]

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