The and

A Highly Irregular Journa I for the Public Aqua rist,

Fall 1978 volume 18 (78), number 2 Volume 18 (78), Number 2 Fall 1978

DRUM AND CROAKER

The Informal Organ for Aquarists

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The New England Aquarium has the responsibility of editing, publishing, and distributing DRUM AND CROAKER. Copies are sent to those persons who contributed articles and to those working in the aquarium field and related aquatic sciences.

We are happy to have an opportunity to serve DRUM AND CROAKER readers. All future articles, inquiries, and complaints should be addressed to:

Jean Roberts , Editor DRUM AND CROAKER New England Aquarium Central Wharf Boston, MA 02110

Copy deadline for the next issue is January 15, 1979.

John H. Prescott Executive Director New England Aquarium

DRUM AND CROAKER

L CONTENTS

Page

TRICHODINELLA LAWLER! LOM AND HALDAR, 1977, 1 CAUSING DEATHS OF PINFISH IN AQUARIA Adrian R. Lawlor

PLANNING 4 Marc Fleischmann

THE CUBAN SEA GAR: REPORTS OF LACK OF 9 ACCEPTANCE BY LARGE SEGMENT OF AMERICAN POPULATION D. E. Rosinsky

OCCASIONAL REFERENCES ON AQUARIUM TECHNIQUE 10 Tor J. Samuelsen

NEW ADDRESSES 32

SPECIAL NOTICE

The New England Aquarium will continue to publish DRUM AND CROAKER through 1979. Please notify the editor if your aquarium wishe s t ~ volunteer to carry on, beginning in 198 J .

DRUM AND CROAKER iii TRICHODINELLA LAWLERI LOM AND HALDAR, 1977, CAUSING DEATHS OF PINFISH IN AQUARIA

Adrian R. Lawler Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Ocean Springs, Mississippi

On 18 July 1972 Monroe M. Howell (formerly of GCRL) collected several species of fish using a hand beam trawl from the north side of Horn Island, Mississippi Sound, Mississippi. Some of the live fish were placed in various tanks for use in parasi­ tological research. Two juvenile pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides (Linnaeus), were put into a closed-system, filtered 5-gallon tank by themselves (about 15 ppt; 24-26 C). About three to four days later they were observed to be under stress---gasping , eating very little, and nervous. The fish were not examined at this time because experiments on Amyloodinium ocellatum (see Lawler, 1977) were being conducted and it was thought the fish had become infected with this dinoflagellate. On 25 July 1972 both fish were on their sides at the bottom of the tank, gasp­ ing and obviously very near death.

Both fish (TL= 44, 45 mm) were removed, bled to draw the blood away from the gills, and their gills were examined under a microscope. Both had massive numbers of trichodinid ciliates on their gills. The rest of the branchial baskets were excised, and the arches were separated and blotted on a paper towel. Then each arch was held by forceps and rubbed across an alcohol­ cleaned microscope slide. The slides were allowed to air dry before being sent to Dr. Jiri Lorn of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences for identification of the ciliates.

Lorn and Haldar (1977) described these ciliates as a new species, Trichodinella lawleri, noting that " ... the denticles differ from all previously known species." The species has thus far been reported from the Mississippi Sound area; however, one would expect it to occur throughout a good part of, if not all, the range of its host.

Although the fish could not be checked prior to introduction t o the tank in order to ascertain the extent of their natural infections, it is still noteworthy that the cilia tes multiplied so rapidly on the two juvenile pinfish in the 5-gallon tank that the fish we r e kille d in only s e ven d ay s. lJigrelli (1940, 194 3) listed s everal othe r spe cie s o f marine f i s h e s kille d by tri c h odinids in aquari a; however, no me ntion was made of how lon g the fi s h were h e l d un til death .

Cont rol measures were not tried; Table 1 lists some po ssi b l e means of con trol lin g trichodin ids . DRUM AND CROAKER 1 Table 1. Some possible controls f o r t ric h odinids .

Con t r ol or prophylaxis Meth od of Use Re fe rence

Ace tic aci c . . l : SJQ f~c 1 ~in u t e d i p ...... Clemen s & Sneed ( 1958)

Forma lin ..... 1: 2000 - 4000 f or 1 h our b ath ... Bu rrows (1941 )

. .... 1:4000 for 1 hour ...... Clemens & Sneed (1958)

..... 15 ppm for 72 hours ...... Allison (1957 )

.... . 1:30,000 for 12 hour bath ..... Lewis (1963)

..... 1:4000, aera te for 24 hours, then treat fish for 15-30 minutes, ... then ...

8-2 mg quinacrine hydrochloride per gallon ( ~ dose first, ~ in 6-12 hours), then ...

1:4000 formalin for 15-30 minutes on third day; return fish to original tank ...... Kingsford (1975)

Malachite green ...... 1:200,000-400,000 for 30 minute bath, followed by 60 minute freshwater bath ...... Hublou (1958)

...... 1:800,000 put into pond or tank and allowed to dissipate naturally ...... Hublou (1958)

Potassium per- manganate .... 4 ppm for 72 hours ...... Allison (1957)

.. 1 g:lOO l of water for 30 minute bath ...... Reichenback-Klinke & Elkan (19 6 5 Pyridylmercuris aceta te (PMA) ...... 2 ppm for 1 hour bath ...... Clemens & Sneed (1958)

Quinine hydro- chlo ride ..... 1 g :SO 1 water f o r 1-2 day bath ...... Reichenbach-Klinke & Elkan (1965) 2 Fall 1978 Trypaflavine .l q :lOO 1 wate r for 1-2 day b ath ...... Re ichenba ch-Klinke & Elkan (1965)

Trypaflavine (2. 5% ) + stock solution of 1:100; ammo nium hydrox- ide (10 %) .... stoc k d iluted 1:1000 in bath f or 120 s e conds a t 3-12 C . .Ergens (1962)

Zephirol .. . .. 1:2000-4000 for 30 minute bath ...... Reichenba c h - Klinke & Elkan (1965)

LITERATURE CITED

Allison, R. 1957 . Some new results in the treatment of ponds to control some external parasites of fi sh. Prog. Fish­ Cult. 19 (2) : 58-63.

Burrows, R. E. 1941 . Formalin for bacterial fin rot . Prog. Fish- Cult., Mem. I - 131, No. 53: 14-16.

Clemens, H. P., and K. E. Sneed. 1958. The chemical control of some diseases of channel catfish. Prog. Fish- Cult . 20 (1): 8-15 .

Ergens , R. 1962. Direct control measures for some ectoparasites of fish . Prog . Fish- Cult . 24 (3): 133- 134 .

Hublou , W.F. 1958 . The use of malachite green to control Trichodina . Prog . Fi sh- Cult . 20 (3) : 129 -1 32 .

Kingsford , E . 1975. Treatment of exotic marine fish diseases . The Palmetto Publishing Company , St . Petersburg, FL . 90 p .

Lawler, A. R. 1977 . Dinoflagellate (Amyloodinium) infestation of pompano . p . 257 - 26 4. In : C . J. Si ndermann (ed) , Disease Diagnosis and Control In North American Marine Aquaculture . Developments in Aquacul ture and Fisheri es Science, Vol . 6 . Elsevier Scientific Pub lish ing Company , Amsterdam, Oxford, and New York .

Lewis , W. M. 1963 . Maintaining fishes for experimental and in­ structional purposes . Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale. 100 p .

Lorn , J. , and D. P . Haldar . 1977 . Ciliates of the genera Tri­ chodine lla, Tripartiella and Paratrichodina (Peritricha, Mobilina) invading fish gills . Folia Parasitol. 24: 19 3- 210.

Nigrelli, R. F. 1940. Mortality statistics for specimens in the New York Aquarium, 19 39 . Zoologica 25 (33) : 52 5 - 552 .

Nigrelli, R.F. 194 3 . Causes of diseases and death of fishes in captiv ity . Zool ogica 28 (22) : 203-215.

Reichenbach-Klinke, H. , and E . Elkan . 1965. The principal dis­ eases of lowe r vertebrates . Academic Press , London and New York . 600 p . DRUM AND CROAKER 3 PLANNING

Marc Fleischmann Exhibit Designer New England Aquarium

A problem that faces many institutions and affects the smooth development of various projects is the scheduling and coordi­ nation of the different departments and persons involved in the many stages from concept through construction and evaluation.

While techniques to handle these functions do exist, such as PERT and CPM, they require training to use and apply effectively, and in many cases are more elaborate than the projects require.

The Design department of the New England Aquarium is currently in the process of developing a series of forms to help guide an exhibit, building renovation, or graphic piece through the many stages until completion and to insure that major inputs will not be overlooked. There are three basic forms which are under a state of evolution, through usage. These three forms are: CONCEPT WORKSHEET, PRODUCTION SCHEDULE, and PLANNING WORKSHEET.

Whenever a project is initiated, a CONCEPT WORKSHEET and its associated project file is started by the Design department. The individual whose original idea it is completes the "concept description" block of this form. At this point, care must be taken to insure that physical characteristics of the concept are kept to a minimum so as not to hinder the design process by the introduction of preconceived ideas.

At the first meeting of the project, the remainder of the blocks of this form are completed and a general description of the phys­ ical characteristics is begun. Most of the items on this form are self-explanatory except for ''interaction". This block re­ fers to the interactions that this project will have with other existing and planned exhibits and programs and its effect on the traffic flow through the building. At this initial meeting the next meeting time is established as to when the PRODUCTION SCHEDULE will be completed and presented.

The PRODUCTION SCHEDULE also is self-explanatory and is only meant to cover the high points of the project's development. The most important part of this form is the column marked "de­ partment approval". By inserting this point at various stages of development, we insure that every department is kept up to date and conflicts do not occur due to oversight.

4 Fall 1978 The last form, PLANNING WORKSHEET, is a general purpose sheet used for notes and drawings. The use of a standard sheet with a banner allows easy insertion into the project file while main­ taining a relatively neat form for presentation.

These forms are not in their final stage of development and may be lacking in certain areas that pertain to other institutions. However, we feel that by introducing them at this time we can aid other institutions in the development of their own planning process and solicit comments so as to aid in the development of our own. If you have any comments and/or suggestions, please contact Marc Fleischmann, Exhibit Designer, New England Aquarium.

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i i : l I I ' ___._.. __,_~~ -~.___~~- ....:...'--_----I_:: ~~~:::~;[ _-_:-1--~.:...~-_-:_-; _-_~!...I-_--..I.-~ THE CUBAN SEA GAR: REPORTS OF LACK OF ACCEPTANCE BY LARGE SEGMENT OF AMERICAN POPULATION

D. E. Rosinsky The Oceanic Institute Waimanalo, Hawaii 96795

A study has been made of the public reaction to and acceptance of the Cuban sea gar, the culture of which was reported by Dr. Colin E. Nash of this Institute in the Spring 1978 issue of this journal.

This investigator has studied persons consuming the processed sea gar, as well as other persons in the vicinity of the smoke generated by its use. It has been noted that those ingesting the product directly (consumers) to be, typically, middle-aged males, usually overweight and frequently bald, having psycholo­ gical problems only recently found to be connected with their poor physical condition. The various physical and psychological inadequacies also seemed to accompany a total and consistent dis­ regard for the comfort and wellbeing of anyone else in the vi­ cinity; indeed, this characteristic has been noted in the ma­ jority of consumers of a related species, sea gar (Etz), which is smaller and only slightly less malodorous. Other obvious abnormalities observed in consumers included flushed face, dilated pupils, shortness of breath, and a lingering odor of stale smoke about the person, especially on the breath.

Persons in the vicinity of someone consuming a sea gar (indirect) consumers, or victims) exhibited a strange, green skin color, watery eyes, symptoms of nausea, and dizziness. They also complained of difficulty in breathing and a persistent cough which were relieved only by departure from the area. The odor is considered as objectionable, or more so, as the irritation from the smoke substance itself.

In the opinion of the overwhelming majority of persons questioned, the importation and use of Cuban sea gars should be immediately discontinued. Although the small minority of the population who are consumers claim to receive satisfaction from its use, the vast majority of persons exposed to the resultant smoke experience such adverse physical reactions and probable health hazards from breathing polluted air that the importation of this product should be banned.

DRUM AND CROAKER 9 OCCASIONAL REFERE NCES ON AQUARIUM TECHNIQUE (285 refs. J

Tor J. Samuelsen Bergen Aquarium

REFERENCES

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ALDERSON, R., 19 74. Sea-water chlorination and the survival and growth of the early developmental stages of plaice, Pleuronectes platessa, L. and dover sole, Solea solea (L.). Aquaculture i(l): 41-53.

ALEEM, A.A., 1949. An apparatus for producing tides. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U .K. 28 (3): 663-665.

ANDERSEN, S.H., 1974. The measurement of some pool parameters. Aquatic mammals 2(2): 8-11.

ANDERSEN, S.H., 1973. Treatment of water in dolfinaria. Aquatic mammals 1(3): 1-18.

ANON, 1973. "Kiel Aquarium" p. 18-21 in: Institut fiir Meere­ skunde an der Universitat Kiel, 1973. Jahresberich t fur das Jahr 1972. 71 pp.

ANON, 1971. High pressure aquarium system tools for deep ocean biology studies. Marine Newsletter 2(2): 1-2.

ANON, 1968. Plastic tanks aid fish farm in Japan. Canadian Plastics, Ontario 26(10).

ANON, 1959. Die Wiederoffnung" der Biologischen Anstalt Helgoland auf der Insel Helgoland 1959. Helgol. Wiss. Meeresunters. 7 ( l) : 50 pp.

ARTE, P. 1963 . (A system of mounting large panes of glass with pliant-mastics). In l er Congr. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol.C . Bull. Inst. Oceanog . Monaco 1963 lC: 59-60.

ARTE, P., 1962. (A system of free and simultaneous oxygenation of water and decantation of sand). In l er Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol. B Bull. Inst. Oceanog . Monaco 1962 lB: 125-129.

10 Fall 1978 ATZ, J.W., 1964. Some principles and practices of water man­ agement for marine aquariums. In: Clark & Clark (1964): 3-16.

ATZ, J.W., 1949. The balanced aquarium myth. Aqu~rist and Pondkeeper 14(7): 159-160.

ATZ, J.W., 1949. The myth of the balanced aquarium. Nat. Hist. (New York) 58(2): 72-77.

ATZ, J.W., 1947. New tanks for old. Animal Kingdom 50(3): 84-88.

AXELROD, H.R., 1971. Breeding of aquarium fishes. Books I & II. T.F.H. Publications, Jersey City.

AXELROD, H.R., 1970. Photography for aquarists. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Jersey City. 64 pp.

AXELROD, H.R. and BADER, R., 1966. The education aquarium for native and exotic fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Jersey City, N.J. 96 pp.

BAKUS, G.J., 1965. A refrigerated seawater system for marine organisms. Turtox News 43(9): 230-231.

BALLOY, M., 1969. (The purification of seawater in a small closed aquarium system). Bull. Inst. Peches Mar. Maroc. 17: 45-48.

BARNABE, G., 1974. Some heating devices for sea water aqua­ culture. Aquaculture !(3): 304-306.

BARNES, W.J.P. et al., 1969. Corophium volutator - an inter­ tidal crustacean useful for teaching in school and universities. J. Biol. Educ. 3: 283-298.

BARRIETY, L., 1962. (The open circuit with natural sea water) . In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol.B. Bull. Inst. Oceanogr. Monaco 1962 lB: 1-11.

BARRIETY, L., 1964. A subsidiary hot-water circuit in an aquarium fed by an open circuit. In: Clark & Clark (1964): 77-79.

BAY, E.C., 1967. An inexpensive filter aquarium for rearing and experimenting with aquatic invertebrates. Turtox ---News 45(6): 146-148.

DRUM AND CROAKER 11 BEAUBIEN, L.A., et al., 1972. Behavior of materials in a sub­ surface ocean environment. U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. Report No. 7447. 110 pp.

BENNINGTON, N.L. and DILDINE, G.C., 1936. Equipment for the study of aquatic animals under controlled condition of temperature and light. Ecology !..Z._(2): 322-324.

BERG, C.O., 1948. Techniques for projecting images of living 2uimals by use of minature aquaria and projecting lantern. Tr~ns. Amer. Micrsc. Soc. 67(4): 384-387.

BLEAKN E.i' , J.S., 1970. A compact aquarium unit of macrophoto­ graphy. Veliger 13(2): 196-198.

BLISS, D.E., 1946. Laboratory marine aquaria. Turtox News 24 (3): 57-63.

BOSCHI, E.E., 1972. (The saltwater aquarium, for laboratory experiments, for :he aquarium fan.) Inst. Biol. Mar. (Mar Del Plata) Contrib. 220: 2-23.

BOULENGER, E.G., 1939. Keep an aquarium. Ward Lock & Co. Ltd. London 80 pp.

BOUXINE, H., 1935. Installation d'un aquarium marin pour un laboratoire situe de la mer. Bull. Soc. Nation. Acclimar. France ~(5/6): 138-162.

BRANDELA, M., 1967. Dosage de l'oxygene dissous dans l'eau par rapport au temps d'aeration. Arch. Inst. Pasteur Mada­ gascar 36(1): 115-120.

BRANDENBERG, W., 1966. Filtration of marine aquaria. Ichthyol. Aquarium J. lZ._(4): 173-184.

BREDER, C.M.jr., 1964. Miniature circulating systems for small laboratory aquariums. In: Clark & Clark (1964): 39053.

BREDER, C.M.jr., 1957. Miniature circulating system for small laboratory aquariums. Zoologica ~(l): 1-10.

BREEN, J.F., 1967. Reptiles and amphibians in your home. T.F.H. Publications Inc. Jersey City. 281 pp.

BROCHWAY, D.R., 1950. Metabolic products and their effects. Prog. Fish Cult. 12(3): 127-129.

12 Fall 1978 BRUNGS, W.A., & MOUNT, D.I., 1970. A water delivery system for small fishholding tanks. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 99(4): 799-802. BRUNGS, W.A., and MOUNT, D.I., 1967. A device for continuous treatment of fish in holding chambers. Amer. Fish. Soc. Trans. 96(1): 55-57.

BRAATEN, B.R., and SAETRE, R., 1973. Oppdrett av laksefisk i norske kystfarvann - milj¢ og anleggstyper. Fisken og Havet Ser. B9: 1-15.

BURCH, A.B. and EAKIN, R.M., 1933. A device for water circu­ lation. Science 80(2085): 563-564.

BURGGREN, W.W., 1972. The construction of an inexpensive syn­ thetic environment for cold water, marine organisms. Drum and Croaker 13(1): 31-38.

CANNON, H.G., and GROVE, A.J., 1927. An aerating and circula­ ting apparatus for aquaria and general use. Jour. Roy. Microsc. Soc. 47 (4): 319-322.

CANSDALE, G., 1975. Clear, clean water from wells in the sand. Fish Farm. Int. 2(1): 11-12.

CARGO, D.G., 1964. Eastuarin water system at Solomons, Mary­ land. In: Clark & Clark (1964): 103-112.

CARROLL, G.H., 1939. Sintered pyrex glass aerators. Plant Physiol. 14(3): 603-605.

CHADWICH, H.C., 1925. A water regulator for small tanks. Proc. & Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc. 40: 54-55.

CHAVE, E.H., & LOBEL, P.S., 1974. Marine and freshwater aquarium systems for tropical animals. The University of Hawaii Sea Grant Program. 88 pp.

CHIN, E., 1959. An inexpensive re-circulating sea-water system. Progr. Fish-Cult 21(2): 91-93.

CLARK, J.R., and CLARK, R.I., (Ed.), 1964. Sea-water systems for experimental aquariums. P. collection of papers. Res. Rep. U.S. Wildl. Serv. 63: ~-192. (Now T.F.H. Publ. Inc.).

CLARK, J.R., and EIDSLER, R., 1964. Sea-water from groun-::1 sources. In: Clark & Clark (1964): 173-184.

DRUM AND CROAKER 13 CLARK, M.J.R., 1974. Annotated extracts of some papers dealing with the measurement and s olubility of dissolved atmos­ pheric gases , with nitrogen gas supersaturation, and with gas bubble disease in fish. Pollution Control Branch; British Columbia Water Resources Service, Department of Lands, Forests and Water Resources; Victoria; British Columbia; Canada. (Available from author gratis) .

CLAY, A.M., 1973. Determination of ammonia in aquaria and in sea using the ammonia electrode. Analytical chemistry 45(9): 1757-1759.

COMLEY, P., 1973. A report on P.V . C. coated steel in a large marine exhibit. Drum and Croaker 14(1): 36-37.

COPE, O.B., 1954. Converting carboys into jars and aquaria. Progr. Fish-Culturist 16(3): 139-140.

COUTANT, R., 1963. (Apartment and laboratory aquariums). In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol.C. Bull. Inst. Oceanog. Monaco 1963 lC: 125-128.

CUMMING, K.B., 1966. Disposable aquaria. Progr. Fish-Cult 28(2): 92.

DANTINNE, R., 1963. (The construction of aquariums (material)). In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol.C. Bull. Inst. Oceanog. Monaco 1963 1 C: 33-38.

DAVENPORT, D., and JOICE, D.K., 1962. The sea water (filter) system at the University of California, Santa Barbara . In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol. B. Bull. Inst. Oceanog. Monaco 1962 1 B: 79-82.

DEFRET IN, R. , 19 6 2. (An open supply circuit fed by an immersed pump). In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariqlogie, Monaco 1960 Vol. B. Bull. Inst . Oceanog. Monaco. (1962) 1 B: 69-78.

DOVER, C., 1929. Aquaria for rearing minute organisms requir­ ing running water. Nature 124 (3122): 336.

DOWNING, A.L., and TRUESDALE, G.A., 1956. Aeration in aquaria. Zoologica (New York) i..!_(16): 129-143. I ECKELBARGER, K.J., 1973. A device for collecting free -swimming ·I bivalve larvae from laboratory aquaria. Veliger 15(3): 256-257.

14 Fall 1978 EGGERS, J., 1972. Akvariedekaoration. De sma akvarieb¢ ger 19 J. Fr. Clausens Forlag, K~benhavn. 60 pp.

EGGERS, J., 1969. Vandhulsakvariet. J. Fr. Clausens Forlag. K¢benhavn.

EGGERS, J., 1968. Saltvandsakvariet. J. Fr. Clausens Forlag . K¢benhavn.

EGIDIUS, E., and HELLAND-HANSEN, 0., 1973. Oppdrett av lakse­ fisk i norske kystfarvann - produksjon av egg og yngel. Fisken og Havet Ser. B. 11: 1-129.

ELLEFSEN, G., 1963. (The use of glass in aquarium construc­ tion). In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol. C. Bull. Inst. Oceanogr. Monaco 1963 1 C: 45-57.

ELLENDER, R.E. et al., 1971. Analysis of ammonium-nitrogen in artificial seawater aquaria. J. Fish. Res. Board. Can. 28 (5): 788-789.

ELWIN, M.G., 1938. First steps in aquarium keeping. Marchall Press Ltd., London 33 pp.

EMMES, C.W., 1971. How to keep and breed tropical fish. T.F.H. Publications, Jersey City.

EVANS, F., 1964. A tide generating machine for laboratory use. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 2(2): 183-185.

FAHY, W.E., 1964. A temperature-controlled saltwater circula­ ting apparatus for developing fish eggs and larvae. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. ~: 364-384.

FAY, R.R., and POPPER, A.N., 1973. Vibration isolation for small aquaria. Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. 5(6): 502-503.

FERNALD, R.L., 1964. Sea water system at the Friday Harbour Laboratories of the University of Washington. In: Clark & Clark (1964): 131-136.

FESSENMAIER, G., 1962. Die Beleichtung mit Leuchstofflampen. In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol. B. Bull . Inst. Oceanog. Monaco 1962 lB: 97-102.

,, ti FESSENMAIER, G., 1962. Kuhlung von Suss-und Seewasserbecken. In : ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol. B. Bull. Inst. Oceanog. Monaco 1962 lB: 109-114.

DRUM AND CROAKER 15 FISH, C .J., 1964. Narragansett Marine Laborato ry sea water system. In: Clark & Clark (1964): 187-190.

FLUCHTER, J., 1970. Bau eines experimentell-¢kologischen Laboratoriums auf dem Sudhafengelande. Der Helgolander­ Dezember Ausgabe.

FLUCHTER, J., 1964. Eine besonders wirksame Aquarienfilterung und die Messung ihre Leistung. Helgolander wiss Meeresunters. 11(3/4): 168-170.

FORSTER, J.R.M., 1974. Studies on nitrification in marine biological filters. Aquaculture 4(4): 387-397.

FRASER-BRUNNER, A., 1963. Towards the perfect public aquarium. In: ler Congr . Intern. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol.C. Bull. Inst. Oceanog. Monaco 1963 lC: 1-14.

FRESE, R., 1973. Ozonisierung oder biologische Filterung? Diploma Thesis, Kiel, 1973.

FRIBERG, U., and TRAVIS, D.F., 1962. Space-saving rack for crayfish aquaria . Turtox News 40(8): 216-218.

FUTCH, C.R., and WOODBARN, K.D., 1967. Seawater aquaria. I. Care and maintenance of the marine aquarium. II. How to handle and ship saltwater fish and shrimps. Salt Water Fisheies Leaflets 9-10. Fla. Bd. Conserv. Mar. Lab. St. Petersburg.

GALL, S., de. 1964. (Preliminary notes on reproduction and development of the sea mouse Agonus cataphractus (L.), Agonidae: An observation microaquarium in running water). Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Natur. 36 (6): 756-758.

GARIBALDI, L., and POOLE, B., 1974. A formula for calculating salinity change. Drum and Croaker 15(1): 32-35.

GARNAUD, J., 1963. (Consideration on new proposal of the con­ struction of a public aquarium). In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol.C. Bull. Inst. Oceanog. Monaco 1963 LC: 15-26.

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GARNAUD, J., 1963. (The effect of depth in the aquarium). In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie Monaco, Vol. C. Bull. Inst. Oceanogr. Monaco 1963 lC: 87-91.

16 Fall 1978 GARNAUD, J., 1952. Structure novelle de l'aquarium moderne et autres ameliorations techniques. Bull. Inst. Oceanogr. Monaco 1011: 10 pp.

GEISLER, R., 1964. Wasserkunde fur die Aquaristische Praxis. A. Kernen Verlag. Stuttgart.

t GISLEN, T., and ¢DEQUIST, G., 1935. Composing submarine land­ ' scape for photographic reproduction. Jour. Biol. Photogr. Assoc. !(l): 3-8.

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GOHAR, H.A.F., 1963. Light and tropical marine Invertebrates. In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Vol. D. Bull. Inst. Oceanog. Monaco 1963 lD: 91-104.

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GRANDE, R., 1972. Bygging og innredning av klekkeri for laks, aure o.l. Direktoratet for Jakt, Viltstell og Ferskvannsfiske, Trondheim. .23 pp. (Stensilert).

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DRUM AND CROAKER 17 GRUFfYD, L.D., and BAKER, W.E., 1969. An integrated multiple unit controlled temperature system for sea wa ter aquaria. Laboratory Practice 18(3): 300-304.

HAF.FELFINGER, 11.R., 1961. (The t echnique of glue d aquariums and their utilization in biology). Vie et Milieu 12(4): 701-704.

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HALE, L.J., 1960. Marine aquaria in the laboratory. Adv. Science 16: 106-109.

HANDMAN, S.L., and ROSENBERG, A., 1969. Tanks for culture of ma rine life - Patent No . 3,465,718. Official Gazette. U.S. Pate nt Office 866 (2): 455.

HARRISON, R.J., et al. (Ed.), 1968. The behavior and physiol­ o gy of pinnipeds. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, N. Y. 411 pp.

HARTMAN, G.F., 1965. An aquarium with simulated stream of flow. Trans. Amer. Fish Soc. ~(3): 274-276.

HAVEN, D.S., and MORALES-ALAMO, R., 1965. Apparatus for hold­ ing oysters under equal water flows. Lirnn. and Oceanogr. 10 (4): 605-606.

HAWKINS, A.O., 1971. Europe's first behavior tank. World Fishing. April 1971.

HERALD, E.S., et al., 1970. Ultraviolet sterilization of aquarium water. In Drum and Croaker: Special Edition, Aquarium De sign Criteria. U.S. Interior Department, Vlashington, D.C.

HERALD, E.S. et al., 1962. Filtration and ultraviolet sterili­ zation of sea water in large closed, and semi-closed aquarium systems. In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie Monaco Vo l. B. Bull. Inst. Oceanog. Monaco 1962 lB: 49861.

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HIRAYAMA, K., 1972. Circulatory systems for rearing aquatic animals and related water quality control. Baioteku (Techno l. Biol.) 3: 605-609.

18 Fall 1978 HIRAYAMA, K., 1970. Studies on water control by filtration through sand bed in a marine aquarium with closed circu­ lating system - VI. Acidification of 3quarium water. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. ~: 26-34.

.... HIRAYAMA, K., 1966. Influence of nitrate accumulated in cul­ turing water on Octopus vulgaris. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 32: 105-111.

HIRAYAMA, K., 1966. (Studies on the water control by filtra­ tion through sand bed in a marine aquarium with closed circulating system IV. Rate of pollution by fish, and the possible number and weight of fish kept in an aquarium). Nihon Suisan-Gakkai Shi. Bull. 32(1): 20-27.

HIRAYAMA, K., 1966. (Studies on the water control by filtra­ tion through sand bed in a marine aquarium with closed circulating system III. Relation of grain size of filter sand to purification of breeding water) . Nihon Suisan­ Gakkai Shi. Bull. 32(1): 11-19.

HIRAYAMA, K., 1965. (Studies on the water control by filtra­ tion through sand bed in a marine aquarium with closed circulating system II. Relation of filtering velocity and depth of sand layer to purification of breeding water). Nihon Suisan-Gakkai Shi. Bull. 31(12): 983-990.

HIRAYAMA, K., 1965. (Studies on the water control by filtra­ tion through sand bed in a marine aquarium with closed circulating system I. Oxygen consumption during filtra­ tion as an index in evaluating the degree of purification of breeding water) Nihon Suisan-Gakkai Shi. Bull. 31 (12): 977-982.

HIRAYAMA, K., 1960. On operation of filter of marine closed­ system aquarium. Suisan Zoshoku 8: 123-132.

HIRAI, E., and ITO, T., 1966. On a new model of exhibition as a study of exhibitory method in an aquarium. Bull. Mar. Biol. Sta. Asamushi Tohoku Univ. 12(40): 227-235.

HIRAI, E., and ITO, T., 1962. On the microfield of marine invertebrates in the Asamushi Aquarium. Bull. Mar. Biol. Sta. Asamushi 11(2): 113-116.

HOLDEN, E.F., 1969. Apparatus for automatically feeding fish - .. Patent No. 3,465,719. Official Gazette. U.S. Patent Office 866 (2): 455.

DRUM AND CROAKE?. 19 HUBBARD, R.C., 1968. Husbandry and laboratory care of Pinnipeds. In: Harrison et al. (1968): 299-358.

HUGHES, J.T., 1964. Practical suggestions for construction and maintenance of large-volume sea-water systems. In: Clark & Clark (1964): 185-186.

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INST. OF MARITIME FISHERIES, SETO LAB, 1972. Use of ozone in sea-water for cleansing shellfish. Effluent & Water Treatment Journal 12(5): 260-262.

ITO, T., 1966. On the rearing of some cold water fishes in the aquarium by the newly-designed cooling apparatus. Bull. Mar. Biol. Sta. Asamushi Tohoku Univ. 12(4): 219-226.

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20 Fall 1978 KABASAWA, H., and YAMADA, M., 1975. (On survival ability of copperion in the fish-rearing water system.). Sci. Rep. Keikyu Aburatsubo Mar. Park Aquarium No. 5, 6: 26-31.

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KAWAI, A.Y.Y., et al. 1964. (Biochemical studies on bacteria in aquarium circulating system. I. Changes of the qualities of breeding water and bacterial population of the aquarium during fish cultivation.) Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 30: 55-62.

KAWAI, A.Y.Y., and KIMATA, M., 1965. (Biochemical studies on the bacteria in the aquarium with a circulating system II. Nitrifying activity of the filter-sand). Nihon Suisan-Gakkai Shi. Bull. 31(1): 65-71.

KELLEY, W.E., 1963. Ideal configurations for semi-closed cir­ culating aquarium system. Program, 50th anniversary meeting. American Society of Ichthylogist and Herpeto­ logists. 42 pp. (Abstract) .

KELLEY, W.E., 1963. Some optical properties of aquaria and their application to lighting and design. In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol. C. Bull. Inst. Oceanog. Monaco 1963 lC: 93-98.

KELLEY, W.E., 1962. An aquarium exhibited with polarized light. In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol. B. Bull. Inst. Oceanog. Monaco 1962 lB: 83-84.

KELLEY , W.E., and MORENO, D.H., 1962. A filtering system for in individual tanks. In: ler Congr. Intern. d 'Aquario­ logie, Monaco Vol. B. Bull. Inst. Oceanog. Monaco 1962 lB: 63-64.

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KERBY, JEROME HOWARD, 1971. A fail-safe aeration device for laboratory aquariums. Prog. Fish-Cult. 33(4): 241.

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KING, J.M., and SPOTTE, S., 1974. Marine aquariums in the research laboratory. Aquarium Systems, Inc. Eastlake, Ohio. 33 pp.

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LEDECKY-JANECEK, E. , 1972. New labeling system at John G. Shedd Aquarium. Drum and Croake r 13(1): 21-26.

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LIAO, P.B., and MAYO, R.D., 1972. Salmonid hatchery water reuse systems. Aquaculture 1(3): 317-335.

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LYMAN , F.E., 1955. Detergent method for cleaning aquarium sand. Turtox News 33(10): 204.

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MANN, D.S., MCLEESE, D.W., and DAY, L.R., 1964. Salt-water system at the St. Andrews Biological Station of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. In: Clark & Clark (1964): 125-130.

MARTIN, M.T., 1935. A tidal aquarium system. Jour. Roy. Microsc. Soc. 55(4): 245-248.

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DRUM AND CROJ\KER 23 MCCRIMMON, H.R., and BERST, A.H. , 1966. A water recirculation unit for use in fishery l aborat ories . Progr. Fish-Cult. 28(3): 165-170.

MCDONALD, R., 1966. Preparation of refrigerator liners (for aquaria). J. Amer . Ki llifish. Ass. 3 (2): 29-30.

MCINERNEY, J.E., and HOAR, W.S., 1964. A medium-sized seawater system for the laboratory. In: Clark & Clark (1964): 35-37. MEULENGRACHT-MADSEN, J., 1971. Akvariet i fokus. J. Fr. Clause ns Forlag. K¢benhavn.

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MONTREUIL, P. L., 196 2. (Thermal regulation of cold-water aquariums and in anti-condensation devices). In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol. B. Bull. Inst. Oceanog. Monaco 1962 lB: 115-121.

MOORE, D.V. A modified filtration and aeration unit for experi­ mental snail aquaria. Jour. Parasitol. 46(6): 767-768.

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MOTAIS, R., 196 3. (What should our labels be like?) In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol. C. Bull. Inst . Oceanog. Monaco 1963 1 C: 61-66.

MULLER, R., and SCHMIDT, G., 1962. Erfahrungen bei kunstligher Beleuchtung mit Gliidfaden-Gasmisch-Lampen. In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol. B. Bull. Inst . Oceanog. Mo nac ~ (1962) lB: 91-95 . . ' MULLER, R., and SCHMIDT, G., 1962. Beheinzung von Seewasser- becken durch Verwendung von Heizkorpen aus V4A Stahl. In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol . B. Bull. Inst. Oceanog. Monaco 1962 lB: 103-108.

24 :Va ll 1978 MULLER, R., and SCHMIDT, G., 1962. Einfache Zusatz-kuhlvor­ richting fur Seewasser-becken in geheiztsen Raumen. In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol. B. Bull. Inst. Oceanog. Monaco 1962 lB: 123-126.

MURPHY, K., 1974. "White water, blue death". Drum and Croaker 15 (1): 44-46.

MURPHY, W.K., 1974. Experience with ozone usage in recycled .. oceanarium water. Report J.M. Montgomery, Consulting Engineers, Inc. La Jolla, California, USA, 7 pp.

MURPHY, W.K., 1969. Ultraviolet sterilization of water and its relation to maintaining aquatic organisms. (Underwater Technology Conference, San Diego 9-12 March 1969). American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ASME Publica­ tion 69 UNT-12: 4 pp.

NAKAMURA, E.L., 1964. Salt well water facilities at the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Honolulu. In: Clark & Clark (1964): 169-172.

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O'CONELL, R.F., 1971. The freshwater aquarium. Greate Outdoor Publishing Co. St. Petersburg.

O'CONELL, R.F., 1969. The marine aquarium for the home aquarist. Greate Outdoor Publishing Co. St. Petersburg.

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DRUM AND CROAKER 25 O'NEILL, R.V., 1968. A simple marine aquarium system. Turtox News 46 (5) : 166-168.

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PACCAUD, A., 1962. Considerations. ' . generales\ ' sut tenue des Animaux marins sp'ecialement des Poissons dits "de Cora ux", en eau de mer arti f icelle. In: ler Con gr. Intern . d 'Aquariologie Vol. B. Bull. Inst. Oceanogr. Monaco 1962 lB: 39-48.

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PINTER, H., 1969. Odling av akvariefisk. Tidsskriften Akvariet. G¢teborg. 295 pp.

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PLESSIS, Y., 1963. Realisation d'habitats sableux en milieu experimental. In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Vol. D. Bull. Inst. Oceanog. Monaco 1963 lD: 61-70.

PLETCHER, T.F., 1966. A portable aquarium for use at sea to photograph fish and aquatic life. Fish. Res. Board. Can. J. 23 (8): 1271-1275.

POIZAT, C., 1972. (Methods of raising opisthobranch gastropods of small average dimensions: Development of a recircu­ lating sea-water aquarium: First results). Tethys 4(1): 251-267.

POOLE, B.M., 1976. Investigation of sodium chlorite for use in marine systems. Drum and Croaker 16 (1): 14-22.

POHELL, D.C., 1973. Colors beneath the sea. Drum and Croaker 14(1) 16-17.

26 Fall 1978 REGIER, H.A., and SWALLOW, W.H., 196 8 . An aquarium temperature control s y stem for field stations. Progr. Fish-Cult. 30(1): 43-46 .

RICHARDS, W.J., PALKO, B.J., and SCOTT, E.L ., 1968. A research aquarium suitable for shipping use. American Fisheries Society Transactions ~( 3) : 286-287.

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ROBINSON, B.H., 1973. A system for maintaining midwater fishes in captivity. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 30: 126-128.

ROLLEFSEN, G., 1962. The aquarium in Bergen (Norway), ideas, design, equipment and facilities . In: ler Congr. Intern. d'Aquariologie, Monaco Vol. B. Bull. Inst. Oceanog. Monaco 1962 lB: 167-172.

ROSENTHAL, H., 1974. Selected bibliography on ozone, its bio­ logical effects and technical applications. Fish. Res. Bd . Can. Techn. Rep. 456.

ROTH, G.C. de, 1967. A device for aerating and circulating aquarium water without disturbing the water surface. Turtox News 45(11): 280-281.

SAEKI, A., 1958. (Studies on fish culture in the aquarium with a closed circulating system. Its fundamental theory and standard plan). Bull. Japanese Soc. Sci. Fish. 23(11): 684-695.

SANTO, R.S., de, 1967. An aquarium tide timer, theory and operations. Ecology ~(4): 668-670.

SATTERFIELD, J.D., SULLIVAN, J.R., and MOSS, M.J., 1968. Inexpensive undergravel filters for aquaria. Turtox News 46(11): 316-317.

SCHIOTZ, A., and DAHLSTR¢M, P., 1969. Akvariefisk og planter. G.E.C. Gads Forlag. K~benhavn . .. SCHIOTZ, A., and CHRISTENSEN, S., (Ed.), 1970. Jeg har akvarium. Politikens Forlag. K¢benhavn.

SCHLESNER, H., 1973. Auswirkungen einer Seewasser-Reinungsan­ lage nach dem Abschaumungsprinzip mit Hilfe von Ozon auf den Bakteriengehalt des Wasseres eines Schau-Aquariums. Diploma Thesis, Kiel 1973. DRUM AND CROAKER 27 SCHWARTZ, F.J., 1960. Inexpensive self-cleaning inverse aquari­ um filter. Progr. Fish-Culturist ~(2): 87-89.

SCHAFER, W., 1952. Schau-Aquarien-heute. Natur und Volk 82(5): 152-159.

SCOTT, K.R., 1972. Comparison of the efficiency of various aeration devices for oxygenation of water in aquaria. Jour. Fish. Res. Board. Can. 29 (11): 1641-1643.

SCOTT, K.R., and GILLESPIE, D.C., 1972. A compact recirculation unit for rearing and maintenance of fish. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 29: 1071-1074.

SERFLING, S.A., et al., 1974. A recirculating culture system for larvae of the American lobster, Homarus americanus. Aquaculture ~(3): 303-309.

SHELBOURNE, J.E., 1964. Experimental sea-water systems for rearing fish larvae. In: Clark & Clark (1964): 81-93.

SIDALL, S.E., 1973. Recent research on biological filtration. Drum and Croaker 14(1): 18-22.

SNOW, C.O., 1964. Oregon Fish Commission's salt-water system at Newport, Oregon. In: Clark & Clark (1964): 137-139.

SORGELOOS, P., 1973. High density culturing of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina. Aquaculture ~: 385-391.

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SPOTTE, S., 1973. Marine aquarium keeping. The science, ani­ mals and art. John Wiley & Sons. New York, London. 171 pp.

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STEWARD, J.E., and POWER, H.E., 1963. A sea-water aquarium for marine animal experiments. Jour . Fish. Res. Bd. Can . 20(4): 1081-1084.

28 Fall 1978 STRAND, J.A., CUMMINS, J.T., and VAUGHAN, B.E., 1969. A fast­ flow sealed disk filter system for marine aquaria. Limnology and Oceanography .!_!(3): 444-448.

STRAND, J.A., et al., 1966. Artificial culture of marine sea weeds in recirculation aquarium systems. Biological Bulletin 13(3): 487-506.

• STRASBURG, D.W., 1964. An aerating device for salt well water . In: Clark & Clark (1964): 161-167.

STRAUGHAN, R.P., 1967. The saltwater aquarium in the home. A.S. Barnes & Co., Cranbury.

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DRUM AND CROAKER 31 NEW ADDRESSES

Nelson Herwig Curator of Fishes Herman Park Zoo Box 1562 Huston, Texas 77001

Stephen D. Walker, Aquarist Tulsa Zoological Park 5701 E. 36th Street No. Tulsa, Oklahoma 74115

32 Fall 1978 • New Engla11d At111111·i11111 non-profit org . _..._~..._.- U.S. POSTAGE ...... -..·~- PAI D L.~..tr'~ =Centra l Wharf. Boston. Massachusetts 02110 : Boston, Mass . Addressed Correction Requested I permit no.14 79

Eugenie Clark Dept. of Zoology University of Md . College Park, Md . 207 4 2