DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Sellwood Bridge SE Tacoma Street and State Highway 43 Multnomah County, Oregon

Multnomah County | Federal Highway Administration | Oregon Department of Transportation November 2008

Table of Contents

Sections Why are we considering the Sellwood Bridge Project? ...... ES-2 Where is the project located? ...... ES-2 What is the project setting? ...... ES-2 What is the history of the project? ...... ES-4 What is the purpose of the project? ...... ES-6 Why is the project needed? ...... ES-6 What are the goals of the project? ...... ES-9 What is the decision-making process? ...... ES-10 What alternatives are evaluated in the DEIS? ...... ES-12 What are the major environmental impacts? ...... ES-17 What are the differences between alternatives? ...... ES-40 What is Section 4(f) and how does it apply to this project? ...... ES-40 References ...... ES-40 Figures 1 Project Vicinity ...... ES-3 2 Existing Conditions ...... ES-3 3 Decision Points in the Evaluation Process ...... ES-11 4 Alternative A: Rehabilitation Bridge with Separate Bike/Ped Bridge ...... ES-18 5 Alternative A Bridge Confi guration ...... ES-19 6 Alternative B: Rehabilitation Bridge with Temporary Detour Bridge ...... ES-20 7 Alternative B Bridge Confi guration ...... ES-21 8 Alternative C: Replacement Bridge on Existing Alignment ...... ES-22 9 Alternative C Bridge Confi guration ...... ES-23 10 Alternative D: Replacement Bridge, Widened to the South ...... ES-24 11 Alternative D Bridge Confi guration ...... ES-25 12 Alternative E: Replacement Bridge, Relocated to the North with Transit Lanes ...... ES-26 13 Alternative E Bridge Confi guration ...... ES-27 Tables 1 Build Alternative Characteristics ...... ES-13 2 Summary of Anticipated Impacts of the No Build Alternative and the Build Alternatives...... ES-28

Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary i

Executive Summary

This is an executive summary of the Sellwood FHWA will issue a Record of Decision approving Bridge Draft Environmental Impact Statement the preferred alternative. This approval, and a (DEIS). The full DEIS is available online at Financial Plan demonstrating how the project will www.sellwoodbridge.org or in hard copy at be funded, would allow Multnomah County to move Multnomah and Clackamas County libraries. ahead with preparation of fi nal design plans for the project. The Sellwood Bridge DEIS was prepared to comply with the National Comment Period Environmental Policy Act of 1969 The comment period on the DEIS will begin on (NEPA), a federal law that governs all November 7, 2008, and Multnomah County will projects receiving federal funding or accept comments through December 22, 2008. receiving permits from federal agencies. All written comments should be sent to: Three agencies are leading the NEPA Attention: Mike Pullen process for this project—Multnomah Sellwood Bridge Project County, the Federal Highway 2020 SW 4th Avenue, Suite 300 Portland, OR 97201 Administration (FHWA), and the Oregon Department of Transportation Commenting on the DEIS Comments can be made on the project Web site at www.sellwoodbridge.org or emailed to (ODOT). [email protected]. The Policy Advisory Group, defi ned later Public Briefi ngs, Hearing, and Open House in this executive summary, will identify Public Briefi ngs a locally preferred alternative after Only written comments will be collected at considering the analysis documented these informational briefi ngs. The informational in this DEIS, input from the project’s presentation will be posted on the project Web site at www.sellwoodbridge.org. advisory groups, and public comments. The Multnomah County Board of November 10, 2008 Commissioners, Clackamas County Multnomah County Building Board of Commissioners, Metro’s 501 SE Hawthorne Boulevard, Portland 6:00 to 7:00 p.m. and 7:15 to 8:15 p.m. Joint Policy Advisory Committee on Transportation (JPACT), Metro November 13, 2008 Council, Portland City Council, ODOT, Oaks Park Dance Pavilion and FHWA must approve this locally 7100 SE Oaks Park Way, Portland 6:00 to 7:00 p.m. and 7:15 to 8:15 p.m. preferred alternative. A fi nal environmental impact statement Public Hearing and Public Open House Written and oral comments will be taken during (FEIS) will evaluate the social and natural the Open House. Oral testimony will be taken environmental effects of the preferred during the Public Hearing. alternative. Following distribution of the FEIS, a second public comment December 10, 2008 Oregon Museum of Science and Industry (OMSI) period will begin. If the comments 1945 SE Water Avenue, Portland received can be satisfi ed within the 6:00 to 8:30 p.m. context of the preferred alternative, (Public Hearing from 7:00 to 8:30 p.m.)

Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary ES-1 Why are we considering the Sellwood Bridge project?

Existing Sellwood Bridge. Why are we considering the (OR 99E) by way of SE Tacoma Street on the east Sellwood Bridge project? side of the river. OR 43 runs north-south between After 80 years, the Sellwood Bridge has reached the cities of Portland and Oregon City, traveling the end of its useful service life. The purpose of the through Lake Oswego and West Linn. OR 43 is Sellwood Bridge project is to rehabilitate or replace referred to as SW Macadam Avenue within the city the bridge to make it structurally safe. Additionally, limits of Portland. On the east side of the river, the project would improve connections, operations, the bridge transitions into SE Tacoma Street. At its and safety for vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians. east end, SE Tacoma Street connects with OR 99E The bridge carries more than 30,000 vehicles per (SE McLoughlin Boulevard). day, making it Oregon’s busiest two-lane bridge. The next closest crossings over the Willamette Congested conditions and slow travel speeds occur River are about 2.5 miles north at the Ross Island because the travel demand served by the Sellwood Bridge and about 8 miles south at the Interstate-205 Bridge exceeds the available capacity for several (I-205) crossing. The Sellwood Bridge links the hours each day, primarily the morning and evening Sellwood, Westmoreland, and Milwaukie areas peak hours. Multnomah County, which owns with OR 43 and southwest Portland, downtown and maintains the bridge, has been working with Portland, and Lake Oswego. ODOT, Clackamas County, the City of Portland, Figure 1, Project Vicinity, shows the location of and Metro (the Portland area metropolitan planning the project. Figure 2, Existing Conditions, shows organization) to fi nd a solution. existing land uses near the bridge. Where is the project located? What is the project setting? The bridge crosses the in The bridge is located in an urban setting with mixed Portland, Oregon. It connects Oregon 43 (OR 43) residential, commercial, recreational, and historical on the west side of the river with Oregon 99E uses. Strips of land adjacent to the Willamette River

ES-2 Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary What is the project setting?

Figure 1. Project Vicinity.

Figure 2. Existing Conditions.

Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary ES-3 What is the history of the project?

near the bridge, particularly on the west side, are What is the history natural and undeveloped, though with signifi cant of the project? recreational use. Built in 1925 On the east bank, the Sellwood Bridge is a gateway The bridge was constructed in 1925 to replace the to the Sellwood-Moreland neighborhood. Many Spokane Street Ferry, which shuttled passengers of the properties on the east bank along the river across the Willamette River between Sellwood are condominiums, apartments, or commercial and southwest Portland. The bridge designer was buildings. The Trail passes Gustav Lindenthal, a noted bridge engineer of the below the bridge, as does the Willamette Greenway time. Like the Ross Island and Burnside bridges in Trail on the east bank of the river (East Bank). Portland, the Sellwood Bridge was built with funds , Oaks Pioneer Park, from a $4.5 million local bond measure. In response , and the Springwater to public outcry at budget overruns on the Burnside Corridor Trail are accessed from the intersection of Bridge, the Sellwood Bridge design was scaled SE Tacoma Street and SE 6th Avenue on the east back to minimize cost. With a construction cost bridge approach. of just $541,000, the scaled-down design resulted On the west bank, the bridge approach crosses in a number of limitations. The bridge is extremely over Powers Marine Park, a linear river park, and narrow—two lanes, no shoulders or median, and ends in an interchange with OR 43. The interchange one narrow sidewalk that must accommodate light is adjacent to the east entrance to River View poles, pedestrians, and bicyclists. Because it was Cemetery, a large pioneer and working cemetery, not designed for the additional weight of streetcars, which is on the hillside above the highway. The the bridge cannot withstand as much weight as the Superintendent’s House (funeral home) associated other Willamette River crossings in Portland, such with the cemetery is accessed from OR 43, just as the Hawthorne and Steel bridges. south of the OR 43 intersection with the bridge. Staff Jennings, a commercial boating business, is Oregon’s First-Ever Four-Span, located along the west side of the river between the Continuous-Truss Bridge interchange and the river, north of the bridge and The Sellwood Bridge is the only four-span, Powers Marine Park. To the north of Staff Jennings continuous-truss highway bridge in Oregon, and is Willamette Moorage Park. The Willamette possibly in the nation. (A continuous-truss requires Shoreline Trolley track, a publicly owned right-of- fewer parts and costs less than other bridge types way, also runs the length of the project north and to construct. At the time of the Sellwood Bridge’s south between OR 43 and both Powers Marine construction, the computational technique for this Park and Willamette Moorage Park, as does the design was newly developed.) As one of Portland’s Willamette Greenway Trail (West Bank). fi rst “fi xed-span” bridges across the Willamette River, the bridge was high enough to avoid the need to “open” for river traffi c. It was also Portland’s fi rst Willamette River bridge without trolley tracks.

The Sellwood Bridge was constructed in 1925 to replace the Spokane Street Ferry.

ES-4 Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary What is the history of the project?

Topographic Challenges replace it as a two-lane bridge with better service In addition to these design limitations, the bridge for bicyclists and pedestrians. also has topographic challenges. The west end of Regional Transportation Plan the bridge was constructed on fi ll material and Metro’s 2004 Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) is it is located in a geologically unstable area. The a 20-year blueprint for the Portland metropolitan hillside above the bridge is slowly sliding toward the region’s transportation system and an adopted Willamette River, exerting pressure on the west “Functional Plan” integrated into the Regional end of the bridge. In the late 1950s, the hillside slid Framework Plan. The plan addresses the movement several feet toward the bridge. As a result, a 3-foot of people and goods in and through the region. The segment of the bridge deck had to be removed plan identifi es the region’s transportation needs, and foundations were reinforced. The west-side including the need to limit the amount of congestion interchange with OR 43 was completely rebuilt in experienced, and the maintenance of access for 1980. Since then, ground movement has caused the national and international freight to reach its west-side approach girders to crack. destination with limited delay. The RTP is currently Recent Safety Measures being updated and its adoption is anticipated in Multnomah County continues to take steps to fall 2008. prolong the safe use of the bridge until a long- The Sellwood Bridge project is listed as Project term solution is identifi ed. In June 2003, cracks 1012 on the 2004 RTP fi nancially constrained in both the east and west concrete approaches project list for the RTP program years 2004 were discovered and restrained with external steel to 2009. clamps. The weight limit for vehicles traveling across Tacoma Main Street Plan the bridge was reduced from 32 tons to 10 tons. Completed in 2001, the City of Portland’s Tacoma This limit caused the diversion of 94 daily TriMet Main Street Plan was developed to implement the bus trips (a loaded bus weighs about 19 tons). vision of a multi-modal, neighborhood-oriented The weight restriction is still in effect. In 2005, an street in the Sellwood-Moreland neighborhood. A engineering study recommended short-term safety basic assumption carried into the planning process improvements for the bridge; cracks in the girders (according to recommendations from the South and columns will be injected with epoxy in 2008. Willamette River Crossing Study [Metro, 1999]) was The County is inspecting the bridge every 3 months that providing adequate regional traffi c capacity in to monitor the cracks and the slope on the west the Sellwood Bridge/SE Tacoma Street travelshed is side of the bridge to ensure continued safe use of not the responsibility of SE Tacoma Street. the bridge. The plan supports “regional efforts to carry out Planning Framework the recommendations of the South Willamette River Crossing Study that reduce travel demand on 1999 Metro Study the Sellwood Bridge.” Action items to meet this In May 1999, Metro made recommendations for the recommendation include mitigating traffi c growth South Willamette River Crossing Study, which included on SE Tacoma Street, increasing transit services, the Sellwood Bridge. The study, initiated by Metro’s increasing motor vehicle capacity on appropriate JPACT, identifi ed needed improvements for cars, regional facilities “in order to direct traffi c away transit, bikes, and pedestrian traffi c crossing the from areas of confl ict with land use goals,” and Willamette River between southeast Portland and supporting “improvements to the west end of the Oregon City. One of the study’s recommendations Sellwood Bridge that mitigate congestion impacts.” was to preserve the existing Sellwood Bridge, or

Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary ES-5 What is the purpose of the project?

What is the purpose The bridge continues to deteriorate and cannot of the project? adequately accommodate today’s traffi c needs The purpose of the project, as approved by the because of its structural condition. Load restrictions project’s Policy Advisory Group, is to “rehabilitate have eliminated bus service, restricted freight loads, or replace the Sellwood Bridge within its existing and prohibited large emergency vehicles from using east-west corridor to provide a structurally safe the bridge. The bridge does not meet current bridge and connections that accommodate multi- seismic standards. modal mobility needs.” The bridge is no longer adequate to suffi ciently accommodate traffi c because of its structural Why is the project needed? and geometric defi ciencies. Its suffi ciency rating The following four major issues defi ne the need for (a measure based on bridge inspection reports the Sellwood Bridge project: that indicates a bridge’s ability to provide service) • Inadequate structural integrity to safely is only 2 on a scale of 0 to 100. The suffi ciency accommodate various vehicle types (including rating measures both the physical condition of a transit vehicles, trucks, and emergency vehicles) bridge and the ability of the bridge to perform and to withstand moderate seismic events operationally. • Substandard and unsafe roadway design The bridge’s lightweight deck system is inadequate to handle current vehicular demands. Concrete is • Substandard pedestrian and bicycle facilities falling off the bridge because the reinforcing steel across the river is corroded and expansion joints are weakening. • Existing and future travel demands between The existing lead-based paint coating has largely origins and destinations served by the Sellwood failed and widespread corrosion is attacking the Bridge exceed available capacity steel truss. The following subsections provide further The bridge was opened to traffi c in 1925. However, descriptions of these issues. the steel girders of the bridge approaches are Inadequate Structural Integrity actually more than 100 years old because steel girders from the (circa 1894) The bridge has inadequate structural integrity to were reused on this bridge. Cracks developed in safely accommodate various types of heavy vehicles the west approach concrete girders, caused by (including transit vehicles, trucks, and emergency earth movement. Vehicle loads were restricted to vehicles) and to withstand moderate seismic events. a maximum of 32 tons in 1985 The yellow line indicates a sag in the southern bridge railing. after calculations showed that higher weights would overstress critical bridge elements. Further weight restrictions were imposed in 2005, when large cracks were discovered in the concrete girders. Vehicle weight was limited to 10 tons and buses and large emergency vehicles and trucks were prohibited from using the bridge.

ES-6 Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary Why is the project needed?

Portland’s Freight Master Plan (2006) designates the bridge as a Truck Access Street in recognition of its service as an access and circulation route for the delivery of goods and services to neighborhood- serving commercial and employment land uses. This includes truck trips between Sellwood, Westmoreland, and Milwaukie on the east side of the Willamette River and the southwest Portland area on the west side, via OR 43. However, because of current load restrictions and the physical geometry of the west-side interchange, large trucks must avoid the bridge, thereby substantially impeding freight movement between these areas. This out-of-direction travel for businesses located in the commercial districts on both sides of the river has resulted in increased freight costs and delays. Freight mobility and reliability, currently affected by load limits on the bridge, will be further impacted as travel demands continue to rise. Transit service has been discontinued across the bridge because of the structural defi ciencies. Before the weight restriction was imposed in 2005, bus usage across the bridge was substantial (SE Tacoma Street is a Major Transit Street in the City of Portland’s Transportation System Plan Side of the bridge, which shows [updated in 2007]). Bus routes that previously concrete has fallen off the bridge. crossed the bridge served many travel markets, The existing lead-based paint coating has largely failed and including those between the widespread corrosion is attacking the steel truss. Sellwood, Westmoreland, and Milwaukie areas and southwest Portland and the city center. Since the weight restriction, the bus routes have been rerouted, making use of public transportation unattractive between key markets. Transit use in the bridge corridor (which is expected to rise substantially by 2035) and increased traffi c levels could affect the reliability and mobility of public transportation service.

Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary ES-7 Why is the project needed?

Finally, the bridge is located in a seismically active 3-foot passage for two-way traffi c next to each of zone, does not meet current seismic standards, its 22 light poles. The sidewalk width is not safe for and is vulnerable to failure in the event of bicyclists and pedestrians, and the sidewalk cannot an earthquake. accommodate some disabled users. The existing sidewalk and connections at either end of the Substandard and Unsafe bridge do not meet Americans with Disabilities Act Roadway Design (ADA) requirements. There is no sidewalk on the The bridge has two 12-foot-wide lanes with no south side. shoulders to provide access for emergency vehicles, accommodate vehicular breakdowns, or facilitate The bridge does not provide designated bicycle maintenance. In addition, the bridge’s vertical curve facilities, and some bicyclists try to use the sidewalk; limits motorist sight distance. others intermingle with traffi c. The bridge could provide bicyclists and pedestrians with a critical link The interchange of the bridge and OR 43 has between the west and east sides of the Willamette many substandard features, including horizontal River and with established shared-use paths. and vertical alignments that limit motorist sight However, the bridge’s connections with shared-use distance and prohibit the ability of longer trucks to paths are defi cient, unsafe, and often avoided. turn safely. Ramp connections also do not provide There are no sidewalks, crosswalks, or bicycle lanes suffi cient vertical clearances (16.25 feet on the on OR 43 in the bridge interchange. Pedestrian southbound loop ramp from the Sellwood Bridge to and bicyclist connections between the highway OR 43 southbound when the ODOT minimum is and the bridge are circuitous, unpaved, and, in 17 feet), sight distances, or shoulders. some areas, force users to mix with vehicle traffi c. Substandard Pedestrian and Most of these facilities do not comply with ADA Bicycle Facilities across the River guidelines. In addition, the bridge’s connection to The bridge’s only sidewalk, on the structure’s north the Willamette Greenway Trail (West Bank) is side, is just 4 feet 3 inches wide. This leaves only a narrow; has defi cient horizontal curves and limited The bridge’s sidewalk width is not safe for bicyclists and pedestrians. sight distances; and does not meet ADA standards. Travel Demands Exceed Available Capacity Capacity is defi ned as the number of vehicles over a given time period that can be served by a section of roadway. Capacity is a function of the facility’s lane capacity, travel speeds, and operations of intersections, as well as those of upstream and downstream facilities. The existing and future travel demands served by the Sellwood Bridge exceed the bridge’s available capacity as well as the

ES-8 Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary What are the goals of the project? capacity of its interchange with OR 43. The bridge What are the goals provides a direct connection across the Willamette of the project? River for several key travel origins and destinations. Through a public involvement process, a diverse Travel demands are expected to increase in the group of concerned stakeholders defi ned the goals future, leading to decreased accessibility for for the project that addressed the assessed needs motorized vehicles. The bridge’s closest alternative and defi ned the criteria for a successful solution. crossings over the Willamette River are about 2.5 A Community Task Force (comprised of residents miles north at the and about 8 and business owners in adjacent neighborhoods; miles south at the I-205 crossing. bicycle and pedestrian users; freight and transit Travel demands at the bridge and west-side advocates; commuters; city-wide business and interchange exceed the available capacity for community interests; river users; and historic several hours each day, resulting in congested resource, aesthetic, and natural resource protection conditions, slow travel speeds, and travel delays. supporters) articulated the perspectives of their During peak conditions, particularly during the constituencies during this process. afternoon, vehicles waiting to get on the bridge and Improving the safety of the bridge is the primary go eastbound often extend onto OR 43 beyond the goal. An important secondary goal is to balance SW Taylors Ferry Road intersection. Daily traffi c environmental and transportation values over the demand will increase substantially in the future, long-term while meeting the purpose and need for leading to increased durations of congestion along the proposed action. approach roadways, including both directions of OR 43, SW Taylors Ferry Road, and SE Tacoma Street. The project goals are further defi ned as follows: Increased congestion levels will affect emergency • Aesthetics . Ensure an aesthetically pleasing service accessibility, transit service, freight solution that enhances visual quality of the movements, and general vehicular traffi c. bridge, on the bridge, and from the communities The two key facilities affecting Sellwood Bridge on both sides of the river. operations are the OR 43 interchange and SE • Bike and Pedestrian. Improve pedestrian and Tacoma Street. Both create bottlenecks that bicycle connectivity, mobility, and safety to and increased capacity or operational improvements on across the Sellwood Bridge. the bridge itself cannot relieve. For example, on the • Community Quality of Life. Protect and east side, SE Tacoma Street is controlled by a single preserve the existing quality of life of the through lane in each direction and the capacity- neighborhoods in the Sellwood Bridge infl uence constraining traffi c signals at SE 13th and SE 17th area on both sides of the Willamette River avenues. It is the intention of the City of Portland’s land use and transportation plans, as expressed in • Automobiles, Freight, and Emergency the adopted Tacoma Main Street Plan (2001), that Vehicles. Improve freight and commuter the Sellwood area maintain SE Tacoma Street as a mobility and safety. Minimize bottlenecks for two-lane facility, with a turning lane, but improve freight, automobiles, and emergency services the operations of the signalized intersections on • Construction . Minimize construction impacts SE Tacoma Street to improve the operating capacity and construction risks. of the corridor. On OR 43, the slow speed on- ramps to the bridge from OR 43 both merge into a • Cost and Economic Impacts. Design, build, single lane on the bridge, leading to congestion on and maintain a cost-effective project. OR 43. This interchange is not addressed in a plan except as part of the bridge project.

Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary ES-9 What is the decision-making process?

• Natural Environment. Preserve or improve local agencies and jurisdictions with regulatory the natural environment. responsibility for the project or those who have strong interest in the outcome • Material Resources. Use material resources as effi ciently as possible. • Community Task Force (CTF). Makes recommendations to the PAG at each decision • Mass Transit. Improve mass transit circulation, point and is comprised of representatives from capacity, connectivity, and local access to and neighborhoods, local and regional business across the bridge. groups, advocates for different bridge user • Seismic . Provide a solution that can resist groups (such as commuters, freight and transit moderate earthquakes. users, river users, pedestrians, and bicyclists), The project goals are addressed in the analysis and representatives of natural resource, historic of impacts, the mitigation for impacts, and the resource, and aesthetic interests. project design. • Project Management Team (PMT). Guides What is the the day-to-day execution of the project and includes staff from Multnomah County, Metro, decision-making process? City of Portland, ODOT, FHWA, and the A key element of the project was creating a consulting team. decision-making process. Because the Sellwood Bridge project is complex, with many stakeholders • Senior Agency Staff (SAS). Advises the and interest groups wanting to participate, a PMT and the PAG. The SAS is comprised of structured decision-making process was established senior level staff from each of the PAG member at the outset. This process helped to direct organizations. community input related to key project milestones, • Working Groups. Provide input to the CTF referred to as major “decision points.” Primary and PMT on particular issues. Each group groups involved in the decision-making process included the following: • Policy Advisory Group (PAG). Makes decisions at each decision point and is comprised of elected and appointed offi cials of A key element of this project was a structured decision-making process.

ES-10 Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary What is the decision-making process?

is comprised of consultants, agency staff, and experts who have volunteered their services. The CTF, PAG, and PMT guided this process, charting a logical path through the six major decision points (Figure 3). The public involvement program was established around each of the decision points: 1. Establish Decision Process and Structure. The fi rst major decision point ensured understanding and agreement about the Figure 3. process and about the Decision Points in the roles, responsibilities, Evaluation Process. and membership of the various project groups (PAG, CTF, PMT, and SAS). 2. De fi ne Purpose and Need. The second 4. Develop Alternatives. The fourth major major decision point, conducted in the summer decision point, conducted in the spring of and fall of 2006, established the need for the 2007, developed the range of alternatives. project and defi ned the problems the project The aim of this step was to ensure that the was expected to address. stakeholders were consulted and their ideas were considered. Alternatives consisted of the 3. Establish Evaluation Framework. The following three elements: third major decision point, conducted in late 2006 and early 2007, created a method for • Bridge Alignments. Refers to the assessing and comparing alternatives—the location of the river crossing. The project evaluation framework. The framework set team developed seven bridge alignments criteria and quantitative performance measures and a tunnel alignment, and the public to gauge the effectiveness of alternatives—how suggested four additional bridge alignments. well they solved the identifi ed problems and All alignments started on SE Tacoma Street how well they performed against the broad on the east side of the Willamette River, range of stakeholder values. but the location of the connection to OR 43 on the west bank varied by alignment.

Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary ES-11 What alternatives are evaluated in the DEIS?

The project includes six major decision points through an alternatives development and evaluation process.

• Interchange Types. Refers to the The fi rst fi ve major decision points, already connection of the Sellwood Bridge with completed, featured public involvement activities OR 43 on the west side of the river. Ten that included the following elements: briefi ngs, interchange/intersection-type concepts newsletters, open houses, an interactive project were developed by the project team to Web site, online surveys, and a speakers’ connect the west end of the bridge with bureau. The sixth decision point will also include OR 43. These concepts included a mix similar elements. of at-grade, two-level, and three-level confi gurations, as well as a mix of signalized What alternatives are and unsignalized interchange forms. evaluated in the DEIS? This DEIS evaluates a No Build Alternative • Basic Bridge Cross-sections. Refers and fi ve Build alternatives. Under the No Build to the various confi gurations of the bridge Alternative, the existing infrastructure would deck, including travel/transit lanes, bicycle remain the same and the bridge would continue lanes, sidewalks, and shared-use paths. to operate as it does today. The bridge, west-side Initially, over 40 possible bridge cross- interchange confi guration, and east-side bridge section concepts were developed. approach would not change. Multnomah County 5. Screen Alternatives. The fi fth major has identifi ed maintenance activities under the No decision point, conducted in the summer of Build Alternative that would be necessary to keep 2007, identifi ed alternatives for analysis in the bridge operational and in as good condition as this DEIS. The feasible concepts (alignments, possible for the next 20 years. interchange types, and bridge cross-sections) The Build alternatives , lettered A through E were combined to form project alternatives. (Table 1), were assembled from compatible The various combinations of alignments, cross- combinations of alignments, bridge cross-sections, sections, and interchange types produced over bridge types, and interchange types. These features 100 unique alternatives for evaluation. Next, have been evaluated within the context of individual the CTF and PAG identifi ed fi ve alternatives Build alternatives. However, some features could be to be carried forward for additional analysis in substituted into other alternatives when identifying this DEIS. a preferred alternative. These features include 6. Identify Preferred Alternative. The interchange options for connecting the bridge with project is currently at the sixth and fi nal OR 43, optional treatments at the SE 6th Avenue major decision point, identifi cation of the and SE Tacoma Street intersection, and use of a preferred alternative. temporary detour bridge during construction.

ES-12 Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary What alternatives are evaluated in the DEIS? c fi ow ORow 43 on fl Two 1.5-foot- Two railings wide 16-foot and 8-foot-wide shared-use sidewalks Two 12-foot-wide Two travel lanes for transit Free- Relocates approximately 800 linear feet of railway right-of-way Two 12-foot-wide Two travel lanes for traf intersection Signalized on upper level lower level of two- level interchange Meets seismic standards • • • • • • • 75 feet wide • • ow ORow 43 on fl lower level of two- level interchange Relocates 1,000 approximately linear feet of railway right-of-way 64 feet wide feet 64 12-foot-wide Two lanes travel 6.5-foot-wideTwo lanesshoulders/bike 12-foot-wide Two shared-use sidewalks 1.5-foot- Two railings wide Meets seismic standards intersection Signalized on upper level Free- xisting North of existing bridge • • • • • • • • • ow ORow 43 on fl 45 feet wide feet 45 Three 12-foot-wide lanes travel 3-foot-wide Two shoulders 1.5-foot- Two railings wide Double-deck bridge 20-foot-wide shared- use path on lower deck with two 1.5-foot-wide railings (total width of 23 feet) Meets seismic standards interchangeTrumpet Free- lower level of two- level interchange Relocates approximately 1,700 linear feet of railway right-of-way • • • • • • • • • • a t fi ow ORow 43 on fl Two 11-foot-wide 11-foot-wide Two lanes travel 5-foot-wide Two lanesshoulders/bike 1.5-foot- Two railings wide Two 10-foot- sidewalks wide 1-foot-wide Two railings outer Seismic retro equivalent to Phase II Meets seismic standards Roundabout on upper level Free- lower level of two- level interchange Relocates approximately 900 linear feet of railway right-of-way • 57 feet• 57 wide • • • • • • • • • • t fi a ow ORow 43 on fl Separate 20-foot- Separate wide bike/pedestrian bridge with two 1.5 foot-wide railings (total width of 23 feet) Seismic retro to equivalent II Phase Two 12-foot-wide Two lanes travel 6-foot- Two shoulders wide 1.5-foot- Two railings wide Meets seismic standards Roundabout on upper level Free- lower level of two- level interchange Relocates approximately 900 linear feet of railway right-of-way • • Rehabilitation Rehabilitation feet• 39 wide • • Replacement• Replacement Replacement • • • • Build Alternative Characteristics. Other Other Features AlternativeRehabilitation or Replacement Alignment ABridge Cross-section Existing Existing B Existing C E West-side DInterchange E Table 1.

Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary ES-13 What alternatives are evaluated in the DEIS? c access fi Signal at SE Tacoma Street/SE 6th Avenue intersection Traf maintained on during bridge existing construction of the bridge new Relocated access to Willamette Moorage Park and Macadam Club Bay Box-girder or or Box-girder through-arch New roadway to provide access to River View Cemetery, Staff Jennings, and Powers Marine Park • • • • • c access fi during construction during Bridge construction construction Bridge staged maintain to traf Signal at SE Tacoma Street/SE 6th Avenue intersection Delta-frame or deck-arch New roadway to provide access to River View Cemetery, Staff Jennings, and Powers Marine Park Relocated access to Willamette Moorage Park and Macadam Club Bay • • • • c access fi c diverted to fi No traf No construction during Traf other existing bridges Eastbound left turn to SE 6th Avenue restricted Right turn to loop bridge under Through-arch • No motor vehicle access from OR 43 to River View Cemetery or Powers Park Marine Relocated access to Willamette Moorage Park and Macadam Club Bay Powers Marine Park accessed by footpath Willamettefrom Park Moorage • • • • • • • • c access fi Temporary detour bridge option to maintain traf Same as existing (eastbound left turn permitted at SE 6th Avenue) Retain existing bridge (i.e., continuous truss span) New roadway to provide access to River View Cemetery, Staff Jennings, and Powers Marine Park Relocated access to Willamette Moorage Park and Macadam Club Bay • • • • • c access fi c diverted fi to other bridges existing during construction during Traf No traf No Same as existing (eastbound left turn permitted at SE 6th Avenue) Retain existing bridge (i.e., continuous truss span) Stress-ribbon or cable-stayed for bike/ pedestrian bridge New roadway to provide access to River View Cemetery, Staff Jennings, and Powers Park Marine Relocated access to Willamette Moorage Park and Macadam Club Bay • • • • • • • Build Alternative Characteristics.

b c fi Access during Construction Traf Alternative East-side Intersection APotential Type Bridge Property BAccess C D E Table 1, cont.

ES-14 Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary What alternatives are evaluated in the DEIS? ts. ts. fi e structure. tailed cost data will be Right-of-way cost cost Right-of-way of $24.6 million (included in total construction cost) East-side intersection: million $3.9 $361 million (through- million $361 bridge) arch West-side interchange: $88 million $281 million$281 (box- girder bridge) Replacement bridge: million (box- $189 girder; million $269 (through-arch) se II seismic retro • • • • • • t only, andt only, a separate option for fi $293 million$293 (delta- frame bridge) million (deck- $311 bridge) arch cost Right-of-way million of $17.7 (included in total construction cost) Replacement bridge: $202 million (delta- frame); $220 million (deck-arch) West-side interchange: $89 million East-side intersection: $1.9 million • • • • • • ts. During development of the rehabilitation alternative design for fi $280 million cost Right-of-way million of $14.3 (included in total construction cost) Replacement bridge: $185 million West-side interchange: $90 million East-side intersection: million $5.4 • • • • • $326 million$326 $356 million (including temporary bridge) detour cost Right-of-way million; of $10.8 million $11.7 temporaryincluding bridge detour (included in total construction cost) Rehabilitated vehicle bridge: $222 million Temporary detour bridge: $30 million West-side interchange: million $102 East-side intersection: $1.6 million • • • • • • • ed in the DEIS for analysis purposes only to identify impacts and estimate costs and construction activities. fi $331 million $331 (stress-ribbon bike/ pedestrian bridge) million $337 (cable-stayed bike/ pedestrian bridge) cost Right-of-way million of $10.8 (included in total construction cost) Rehabilitated vehicle million bridge: $185 Bike/pedestrian bridge: million $52 (stress-ribbon); $58 million (cable- stayed) West-side interchange: million$93 East-side intersection: $1.6 million • • • • • • •

Build Alternative Characteristics. c c Bridge design types are speci available following the preliminary design of the preferred alternative. These estimates are based on conceptual design level data to provide a basis for cost comparisons between alternatives. More de There is no way to separate the various elements that provide earthquake resistance from the elements required to strengthen th rehabilitation of the existing bridge with both Phase I and Phase II seismic retro the DEIS, it was determined the most cost-effective rehabilitation approach incorporated the equivalent of both Phase I and Pha Initially it was planned to include an option for rehabilitation of the existing bridge with Phase I seismic retro

Construction Cost Breakdown (in dollars) 2012 AlternativeConstruction Cost 2012 (in dollars) A B Ca b Dc E Table 1, cont.

Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary ES-15 What alternatives are evaluated in the DEIS?

Although the option of a temporary detour bridge All Build alternatives are presented with a basic is presented with Alternative B, a temporary bridge cross-section. However, to accommodate detour bridge could also be used with Alternatives traffi c operations at the west-side interchange, A and C. (Neither of these two Build alternatives auxiliary lanes would be required to separate left- would maintain access across the river during from right-turning traffi c, and to accommodate construction.) Alternatives D and E would maintain through traffi c to the west-side access to River access across the river during construction, so View Cemetery, Powers Marine Park, and Staff they would not need a temporary detour bridge. Jennings. Accommodating the west-end auxiliary This DEIS evaluates the impacts of the temporary lanes means that all Build alternatives would have detour bridge separately (Alternative B impacts a wider deck on the west end than in the middle and Alternative B with temporary detour bridge of the span, where the additional lanes would option). The impacts of the temporary detour either merge or diverge. On the east end of the bridge for Alternatives A and C would be the same bridge, some Build alternatives would have auxiliary as the temporary bridge impacts presented for the lanes to accommodate left or right turns at the Alternative B with temporary detour bridge option. intersection of SE 6th Avenue with SE Tacoma Street. All cross-sections would result in only two through lanes as they joined SE Tacoma Street east of the SE 6th Avenue intersection.

Thousands of public comments were received throughout the public involvement process.

ES-16 Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary What are the major environmental impacts?

Alternative A: Rehabilitation of What are the major Bridge with Separate Bicycle/ environmental impacts? Pedestrian Bridge To prepare the environmental impact analysis, Alternative A would rehabilitate the existing bridge a group of technical specialists did background for motorized vehicles and would add a separate research, conducted fi eld visits, and prepared bicycle/pedestrian bridge 300 feet north of the technical reports on 22 topics (in the box below). existing bridge (Figures 4 and 5). Alternative A Each technical report describes the existing would not include a temporary detour bridge. conditions in the project area, impacts to the Alternative B: Rehabilitation resources there, and potential measures to mitigate of Bridge with Temporary those impacts. Contents of the technical reports Detour Bridge were summarized in the DEIS. Table 2 includes key Alternative B would rehabilitate the existing bridge fi ndings on major environmental impacts among the and widen it on the north side (Figures 6 and 7). No Build and Build alternatives by social or natural environment discipline and element. Alternative C: Replacement Bridge on Existing Alignment Alternative C would consist of a double-deck bridge • Transportation replacement on the existing alignment (Figures 8 • Bicyclists and Pedestrians and 9). • Right-of-Way and Relocation • Utilities Alternative D: Replacement Bridge, Widened to the South • Land Use • Economics Alternative D would consist of a replacement bridge • Social Elements on the existing alignment, widened to the south • Environmental Justice (Figures 10 and 11). • Parks and Recreation Alternative E: Replacement Bridge • Archaeological and Relocated to the North with Transit Topics Addressed in the DEIS Historic Resources Lanes • Visual Resources Alternative E would replace the existing bridge on a • Geology new alignment to the north (Figures 12 and 13). • Water Quality • Hydraulics • Aquatic Resources • Vegetation • Wetlands • Wildlife • Noise • Energy • Air Quality • Hazardous Materials

Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary ES-17 Alternative A Alternative A: Rehabilitation Bridge with Separate Bicycle/Pedestrian Bridge. Figure 4.

ES-18 Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary Alternative A

Figure 5. Alternative A Bridge Confi guration.

SE Tacoma Street Cross-section West of SE 6th Avenue Looking East (Existing Cross-section)

Separate Center of Bridge Bicycle/ Cross-section Looking East Pedestrian Bridge

Separate Bridge Cross-section East of Bicycle/ Interchange Looking East Pedestrian Bridge

Interchange Lane Confi guration

Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary ES-19 Alternative B Alternative B: Rehabilitation Bridge with Temporary Detour Bridge. Figure 6.

ES-20 Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary Alternative B

Figure 7. Alternative B Bridge Confi guration.

SE Tacoma Street Cross-section West of SE 6th Avenue Looking East

Center of Bridgegg Cross-section Looking East

Bridgeggg Cross-section East of Interchange Looking East

Interchange Lane Confi guration

Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary ES-21 Alternative C Alternative C: Replacement on Existing Alignment. Figure 8.

ES-22 Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary Alternative C

Figure 9. Alternative C Bridge Confi guration.

SE Tacoma Street Cross-section West of SE 6th Avenue Looking East (Existing Cross-section)

Center of Bridge Cross- section Looking East

Bridge Cross-section East of Interchange Looking East

Interchange Lane Confi guration

Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary ES-23 Alternative D Alternative D: Replacement Bridge, Widened to the South. Figure 10.

ES-24 Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary Alternative D

Figure 11. Alternative D Bridge Confi guration.

SE Tacoma Street Cross-section West of SE 6th Avenue Looking East (Tying into existing right-of-way width, but could be widened)

Center of Bridge Cross-section Looking East

Bridge Cross-section East of Interchange Looking East

InterchangeInterchange LaneL ConConfi ggurationuration

Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary ES-25 Alternative E Alternative D: Replacement Bridge, Relocated to the North with Transit Lanes. Figure 12.

ES-26 Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary Alternative E

Figure 13. Alternative E Bridge Confi guration.

SE Tacoma Street Cross-section West of SE 6th Avenue Looking East

Center of Bridgegg Cross-section Looking East

Bridge CrossCross-section section East of Interchange Looking East

InterchangeInte Lane ConCo fi guration

Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary ES-27 What are the major environmental impacts?

Table 2. Summary of Anticipated Impacts of the No Build Alternative and the Build Alternatives. B and B with Temporary Detour Bridge Discipline Element No Build A (if different from B) CDE 3.1 Bridge closure Traffi c would be detoured Traffi c would be detoured Traffi c would be detoured Traffi c would be Staged construction would Traffi c would be maintained Transportation during construction for up to 8 months for for 24 months during for up to 24 months during detoured for 42 months allow traffi c to continue on the existing bridge maintenance activities. construction. construction. during construction. to cross the river during during construction of the A temporary detour bridge would construction. new bridge. provide a river crossing West-side interchange impacts Same interchange as Operates at LOS B under most Operates at LOS B under most Operates at LOS B or Operates at LOS D or better. Operates at LOS D or better. existing conditions. conditions. However, because conditions. However, because better. Trumpet interchange Signalized intersection on Signalized intersection on of capacity constraints on SE of capacity constraints on SE provides better mobility and upper level provides better upper level provides better Tacoma Street, congested Tacoma Street, congested queuing than the roundabout mobility and queuing than the mobility and queuing than the eastbound traffi c across the eastbound traffi c across the interchange type. This roundabout interchange type roundabout interchange type Sellwood Bridge could back Sellwood Bridge could back interchange type is a free fl ow under peak hour conditions. under peak hour conditions. up into the roundabout during up into the roundabout during design, but operates within Provides free fl ow on OR 43, Provides free fl ow on OR 43, the afternoon/evening peak the afternoon/evening peak the constraints on SE Tacoma but operates within the but operates within the period, blocking all movements period, blocking all movements Street and OR 43. constraints on OR 43. constraints on OR 43. through the interchange. For through the interchange. For this reason, ramp meters this reason, ramp meters would be added to the ramps would be added to the ramps to avoid the condition where to avoid the condition where all movements are blocked. all movements are blocked. East-side connection— Same as existing conditions. Same as existing conditions. Same as existing conditions. The SE Grand Avenue Signalization would result Signalization would result SE Tacoma Street/SE 6th extension would improve in LOS F conditions with in LOS F conditions with Avenue intersection accessibility between Sellwood traffi c demands exceeding traffi c demands exceeding Bridge and areas north of the intersection’s capacity the intersection’s capacity SE Tacoma Street and west of by about 40 percent. This by about 40 percent. This SE 13th Avenue. Minimal to would cause unacceptable would cause unacceptable moderate levels of increased vehicle delays and queues, vehicle delays and queues, neighborhood cut-through and moderate to substantial and moderate to substantial traffi c could result. increases in neighborhood cut- increases in neighborhood cut- through traffi c. through traffi c.

Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary ES-28, ES-29 What are the major environmental impacts?

Table 2, cont. Summary of Anticipated Impacts of the No Build Alternative and the Build Alternatives. B and B with Temporary Detour Bridge Discipline Element No Build A (if different from B) CDE 3.2 Facilities Limited facilities on bridge Accommodates bi-directional Railing provides separation Bicyclists and pedestrians on Potential confl icts with Potential confl icts with Bicyclists and structure. Single sidewalk on traffi c on separate from motorized traffi c. lower bridge deck eliminates motorists making turning motorists making turning Pedestrians north side, varies in width 20-foot-wide bicycle/ Challenging crossing confl icts with vehicles on movements in west-side movements in west-side from 4 feet 3 inches to 3 feet pedestrian bridge. environment for bridge and in the west-side interchange area. interchange area. at light poles. visually impaired at interchange. roundabout crossings. Security concerns because of complete separation from other bridge users. Safety Dangerous passing maneuvers Bicyclists and pedestrians Diffi cult crossings of None. None. Lack of south spiral ramp on because of sharing the narrow on separate structure SE Tacoma Street because of west-side creates circuitous bridge sidewalk. eliminates confl icts with heavy traffi c volumes and lack routing for some users. Unsafe connections through vehicles on bridge and in the of crossing treatments. west-side interchange area. west-side interchange. Unsafe connections to Security concerns because TriMet bus stop at OR 43/ of complete separation from River View Cemetery. other bridge users. Connections Diffi cult connections Diffi cult crossings of Two 10-foot-wide sidewalks/ Accommodates bi-directional Two 12-foot-wide sidewalks/ 8-foot-wide south shared-use between bridge sidewalk and SE Tacoma Street because of shared-use paths would traffi c on a 20-foot-wide shared use paths would path would accommodate one- surrounding facilities, through heavy traffi c volumes and lack accommodate bi-directional shared-use path on lower accommodate bi-directional way eastbound bicycle traffi c west-side interchange area, of crossing treatments. pedestrian traffi c and one-way bridge deck. pedestrians and bicyclists. and two-way pedestrian traffi c. to the OR 43/ River View bicycle traffi c. 6.5-foot-wide on-street bicycle 16-foot-wide north shared Cemetery bus stop, and 5-foot-wide shoulders on lanes in each direction. used path would accommodate crossing of SE Tacoma Street the bridge structure could be bi-directional traffi c. because of heavy traffi c and used as bicycle lanes, but with minimal crossing treatments. minimal “shy distance.” 3.3 Total land area acquired 0 acres 10.5 acres 10.5 acres 10.8 acres 10.7 acres 11.6 acres Right-of-Way for right-of-way 10.8 acres and Relocation Number of displaced 0 units 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 5 units 6 units residential condominiums units Number of 0 businesses 9 businesses 9 businesses 10 businesses 9 businesses 48 businesses displaced businesses (The viability of these (The viability of these (The viability of one business, (The viability of these (The viability of these businesses is not dependent on businesses is not dependent on Staff Jennings, is dependent on businesses is not dependent on businesses is not dependent on their specifi c locations) their specifi c locations) its specifi c location) their specifi c locations) their specifi c locations) 10 businesses (The viability of these businesses is not dependent on their specifi c locations) Right-of-way cost (included $0 $10.8 million $10.8 million $14.3 million $17.7 million $24.6 million in total construction cost) $11.7 million 3.4 Utility relocation cost $0.14 million $2.87 million $3.20 million $3.19 million $3.28 million $3.61 million Utilities $4.60 million

ES-30, ES-31 Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary What are the major environmental impacts?

Table 2, cont. Summary of Anticipated Impacts of the No Build Alternative and the Build Alternatives. B and B with Temporary Detour Bridge Discipline Element No Build A (if different from B) CDE 3.5 Consistent with all applicable Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Land Use regulations, plans, and guidance (More than two through lanes (Bridge crosses a designated documents? on bridge; inconsistent with view corridor on SE Spokane South Willamette River Crossing Street in the Comprehensive Study). Two through lanes Plan) merge to one lane eastbound before the SE 6th Avenue intersection. 3.6 Employees displaced 0 employees 30 employees 30 employees 46 employees 30 employees 216 employees Economics 62 employees Construction costs $54 million (for $331 million (stress-ribbon $326 million $280 million $293 million $281 million (2012 million dollars) maintenance activities) bike/ped bridge) $356 million (delta-frame bridge) (box-girder bridge) $337 million (cable-stayed bike/ $311 million $361 million ped bridge) (deck-arch bridge) (through-arch bridge) Construction duration 12 months 36 months 36 months 42 months 51 months (deck-arch) 36 months (box-girder) 39 months 45 months (delta-frame) 42 months (through-arch) Bridge closure 6 to 8 months (for 24 months 24 months 42 months No closure No closure during construction maintenance activities) No closure Travel time and vehicle $19.1 million $63.3 million $63.3 million $110.8 million No closure No closure operating cost of No closure bridge closure Owner and labor $1.9 to $4.9 million $3.8 to $9.8 million $3.8 to $9.8 million $6.7 to $17.0 million No closure No closure income losses because No closure of bridge closure 3.7 Potential increase in None to Minimal None to Minimal None to Minimal Minimal to Moderate Moderate to Substantial Moderate to Substantial Social neighborhood cut- (Same intersection (Same intersection (Same intersection (Eastbound left-turn restricted; (Signalized intersection at SE (Signalized intersection at SE Elements through traffi c (to avoid confi guration as existing at confi guration as existing at confi guration as existing at SE right-turn loop under bridge 6th Avenue/SE Tacoma Street 6th Avenue/SE Tacoma Street SE Tacoma Street) SE 6th Avenue/SE Tacoma SE 6th Avenue/SE Tacoma 6th Avenue/SE Tacoma Street from SE Tacoma Street to SE allows for dedicated turning allows for dedicated turning Street intersection) Street intersection) intersection) 6th Avenue could encourage movements) movements) cut-through traffi c) Emergency services— No No No No Yes Yes provides river crossing (6 to 8-month closure) (24-month closure) (24-month closure) (42-month closure) during construction? Temporary detour bridge would maintain river crossing Community facility impact— Access limitation for west-side Access limitation for west-side Access limitation for west-side Access limitation for west-side None None access to businesses customers (during 6-8 month customers (during 24-month customers (during 24-month customers (during 42-month closure) closure) closure) closure) No impact with temporary detour bridge Access to River View No change; access provided Modifi ed access from OR 43, Modifi ed access from OR 43 Removal of access from OR 43 Modifi ed access from OR 43 Modifi ed access from OR 43 Cemetery and funeral home through a signalized provided through the new through the interchange; Access from SW Taylors Ferry through the new interchange; through the new interchange; intersection with OR 43 west-side interchange; access access maintained during Road and circuitous route access maintained during access maintained during maintained during construction construction through cemetery. Customers construction construction would have diffi culty fi nding the funeral home.

Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary ES-32, ES-33 What are the major environmental impacts?

Table 2, cont. Summary of Anticipated Impacts of the No Build Alternative and the Build Alternatives. B and B with Temporary Detour Bridge Discipline Element No Build A (if different from B) CDE 3.8 Impact to environmental No change No disproportionately No disproportionately No disproportionately No disproportionately No disproportionately Environmental justice populations high and adverse effects high and adverse effects high and adverse effects high and adverse effects high and adverse effects Justice on environmental on environmental on environmental on environmental on environmental justice populations justice populations justice populations justice populations justice populations 3.9 Total parkland acres converted 0 acres 4.3 acres 3.9 acres 4.3 acres 3.9 acres 3.8 acres Parks and Number of park/recreational 1 facility 8 facilities 6 facilities 6 facilities 5 facilities 6 facilities Recreation facilities impacted (Sellwood Bridge (Sellwood Riverfront Park, (Powers Marine Park, (Powers Marine Park, (Powers Marine Park, (Oaks Pioneer Park, Powers Recreational Trail) Oaks Pioneer Park, Powers Willamette Moorage Park, Willamette Moorage Park, Willamette Moorage Park, Marine Park, Willamette Marine Park, Willamette Springwater Corridor Trail, Springwater Corridor Trail, Springwater Corridor Trail, Moorage Park, Springwater Moorage Park, Springwater Willamette Greenway Trail Willamette Greenway Trail Willamette Greenway Trail Corridor Trail, Willamette Corridor Trail, Willamette [East Bank], Willamette [East Bank], Willamette [East Bank], Willamette Greenway Trail [East Bank], Greenway Trail [East Bank], Greenway Trail [West Bank], Greenway Trail [West Bank], Greenway Trail [West Bank]) Willamette Greenway Trail Willamette Greenway Trail Sellwood Bridge Recreational Sellwood Bridge Recreational [West Bank]) [West Bank], Sellwood Bridge Trail) Trail) Recreational Trail) 6 facilities (Oaks Pioneer Park and all the above except Sellwood Bridge Recreational Trail) 3.10 Adverse impacts to River View No Yes, adversely alters the Yes, adversely alters the Yes, adversely alters the Yes, adversely alters the Yes, adversely alters the Archaeological Cemetery? setting of a historic resource setting of a historic resource setting of a historic resource setting of a historic resource setting of a historic resource and Historic Adverse impacts to cemetery’s No Yes, adversely alters the Yes, adversely alters the Yes, adversely alters the Yes, adversely alters the Yes, adversely alters the Resources Superintendent’s House? setting of a historic resource setting of a historic resource setting of a historic resource setting of a historic resource setting of a historic resource Adverse impacts to Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Sellwood Bridge? Bridge deteriorates Bridge signifi cantly altered, no Bridge signifi cantly altered, no Bridge replaced Bridge replaced Bridge replaced longer eligible for the National longer eligible for the National Register of Historic Places Register of Historic Places 3.11 Presence of retaining walls 10 0 lineal feet 930 lineal feet 580 lineal feet 400 lineal feet 660 lineal feet 800 lineal feet Visual feet or higher in lineal feet (OR Resources 43 southbound exit ramp) Presence of retaining walls 10 0 lineal feet 600 lineal feet 600 lineal feet 450 lineal feet 650 lineal feet 950 lineal feet feet or higher in lineal feet (OR 43 southbound entrance ramp) Signifi cant east-side No No No No No Yes visual change? (bridge on new alignment) Signifi cant west-side No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes visual change? 3.12 Maximum fi ll height 0 feet 36 feet 21 feet 38 feet 28 feet 30 feet Geology Maximum cut height 0 feet 49 feet 38 feet 65 feet 41 feet 57 feet Fill height in Sellwood landslide 0 feet 0 feet 0 feet 12 feet 28 feet 10 feet Cut height in 0 feet 18 feet 18 feet 0 feet 18 feet 8 feet Sellwood landslide

ES-34, ES-35 Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary What are the major environmental impacts?

Table 2, cont. Summary of Anticipated Impacts of the No Build Alternative and the Build Alternatives. B and B with Temporary Detour Bridge Discipline Element No Build A (if different from B) CDE 3.13 Impervious surface area 7.0 acres 13.7 acres 13.8 acres 12.6 acres 13.9 acres 13.6 acres Water (None treated) (96% increase from (97% increase from existing (80% increase from existing (98% increase from existing (94% increase from existing Resources and existing condition; all condition; all stormwater condition; all stormwater condition; all stormwater condition; all stormwater Water Quality stormwater treated) treated) treated) treated) treated) Improves water No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes quality compared to existing conditions? 3.14 100-year base fl ood elevation 33.91 feet 0.06 foot higher than No Build 0.03 foot higher than No Build 0.02 foot higher than No Build Same as No Build Alternative 0.02 foot higher than No Build Hydraulics Alternative (cable-stayed bike/ Alternative Alternative (deck-arch bridge) Alternative ped bridge) Would require design change Would require design change 0.02 foot lower than No (box-girder and through-arch bridge) 0.07 foot higher than No Build or regulated fl oodway or regulated fl oodway Build Alternative (delta-frame Alternative (stress-ribbon bike/ modifi cation. modifi cation. bridge) Would require design change ped bridge) 2.81 feet higher than No Build or regulated fl oodway modifi cation. Would require design Alternative during construction. change or regulated fl oodway modifi cation. Maximum average water 7.33 feet per second 3.5% faster than No Build 3.7% faster than 2.33% faster than No Build Same as No Build Alternative 3.1% faster than No Build velocity at bridge Alternative (cable-stayed and No Build Alternative Alternative (deck-arch bridge) Alternative stress-ribbon bike/ped bridge) 13.6% faster than No Build 2.6% slower than No Build (box-girder bridge) Alternative during construction Alternative 2.3 % faster than No Build (delta-frame bridge) Alternative (through-arch bridge) 3.15 Overall Aquatic Resources Not applicable 2.0 (stress-ribbon 2.6 3.5 1.5 (deck-arch bridge) 2.5 (through-arch bridge) Aquatic Sensitivity Score (the higher bike/ped bridge) 2.6 (delta-frame bridge) 4.7 (box-girder bridge) Resources the score, the lower the 2.4 (cable-stayed overall impacts) bike/ped bridge) 3.16 Area of Lowland Conifer- 0 acres 9.6 acres 9.4 acres 8.8 acres 9.4 acres 9.8 acres Vegetation Hardwood Forest removed Area of Westside Riparian 0 acres 0.5 acre 0.6 acre 0.5 acre 0.6 acre 0.5 acre habitat removed 0.7 acre Area of noxious 0 acres 0.1 acre 0.1 acre 0.3 acre 0.2 acre 0.1 acre weeds removed 3.17 Disturbed acres of wetland 0 acres 0.1 acre 0.1 acre 0.1 acre 0.1 acre 0.1 acre Wetlands 3.18 Disturbed acres of 0 acres 20.8 acres 20.6 acres 18.9 acres 20.6 acres 20.7 acres Wildlife wildlife habitat Habitat 3.19 Number of residences 24 residences 18 residences 20 residences 18 residences 18 residences 16 residences Noise impacted (noise level of 16 residences 65 decibels or higher)

Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary ES-36, ES-37 What are the major environmental impacts?

Table 2, cont. Summary of Anticipated Impacts of the No Build Alternative and the Build Alternatives. B and B with Temporary Detour Bridge Discipline Element No Build A (if different from B) CDE Impacts to interior of Oaks Yes, Yes, No, Yes, Yes, Yes, Pioneer Church? (That is, noise 50 decibels 50 decibels 49 decibels 50 decibels 50 decibels 51 decibels level 50 decibels or higher Yes, when doors and windows are 54 decibels, during construction open) Existing level=49 decibels Number of businesses 1 business 1 business 1 business 1 business 1 business 1 business impacted (noise level of 70 decibels or higher) Noise level increase from Up to 2 decibels Up to 1 decibel Up to 1 decibel Up to 1 decibel Up to 3 decibels Up to 2 decibels existing conditions Up to 5 decibels 3.20 Energy used during 182,000 million British thermal 834,800 million Btu 808,100 million Btu 688,200 million Btu 759,300 million Btu 634,900 million Btu Energy construction units (Btu) (cable-stayed bike/ped bridge) 888,000 million Btu (deck-arch bridge) (box-girder bridge) 817,000 million Btu 706,000 million Btu 852,500 million Btu (stress-ribbon (delta-frame bridge) (through-arch bridge) bike/ped bridge) Energy used during 1,666 million Btu 2,177 million Btu 2,177 million Btu 2,177 million Btu 2,177 million Btu 2,177 million Btu operation (annual) 3.21 Carbon monoxide emissions 3.9 parts per million 3.9 parts per million 3.9 parts per million (meets 3.9 parts per million (meets 3.9 parts per million (meets 3.9 parts per million (meets Air Quality in parts per million over an (meets applicable standard) (meets applicable standard) applicable standard) applicable standard) applicable standard) applicable standard) 8-hour period 3.22 Number of potentially 0 sites 7 sites 6 sites 10 sites 6 sites 7 sites Hazardous hazardous sites 7 sites Materials directly impacted

ES-38, ES-39 Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary What are the differences between alternatives?

What are the differences What is Section 4(f) and how between alternatives? does it apply to this project? Based on these fi ndings and input from the public Section 4(f) of the U.S. Department of and project groups throughout the project’s Transportation (USDOT) Act of 1966 applies to this planning process, the project team developed key project and will infl uence federal agency approval differentiators to help the public and decision- of a preferred alternative. Section 4(f) requires that makers understand the differences between particular attention be given to the proposed use alternatives. Chapter 4 of the DEIS supplements of any land from a signifi cant publicly owned park the impacts summarized in Table 2. It compares or recreation area; wildlife and waterfowl refuge; alternatives by identifying key items that distinguish or historic site that is on or considered eligible for the following: the National Register of Historic Places. Project actions requiring the use of such resources must • No Build Alternative versus Build document that no feasible and prudent alternatives alternatives. No Build Alternative impacts and to their use exist, and must fully consider measures impacts common to all Build alternatives to minimize harm to those resources. Eligible • Among Build alternatives. Impacts unique to recreational resources and historic properties individual Build alternatives. would be impacted by all of the Build alternatives in • Among elements of the Build alternatives. varying degrees. The Draft Section 4(f) Evaluation is Elements of the Build alternatives include appended to the DEIS. alignment, west-side interchange type, References basic bridge cross-section, SE 6th Avenue City of Portland. 2004, updated in 2007. intersection, and rehabilitation versus Transportation System Plan. replacement of the bridge. http://www.portlandonline.com/transportation/ For this comparison between alternatives, see the index.cfm?c=diidi. full DEIS available online at www.sellwoodbridge.org City of Portland. 2006. Freight Master Plan. or in hard copy at Multnomah and Clackamas County libraries. City of Portland. Portland Offi ce of Transportation. 2001. Tacoma Main Street Plan. Metro. 1999. South Willamette River Crossing Study. May 1999. http://www.sellwoodbridge.org/ ProjectLibrary/SouthWillametteRiver CrossingStudy-May1999.pdf. Metro. 2004. Regional Transportation Plan. http://www.metro-region.org/article. cfm?ArticleID=137.

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ES-40 Sellwood Bridge Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary