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Ethnobotanical Investigation of Nadars in Atoor Village

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Ethnobotanical Investigation of Nadars in Atoor Village Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine (2012)S593-S600 S593 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine journal homepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/apjtb Document heading doi:10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60280-9 襃 2012 by the Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. All rights reserved. Ethnobotanical investigation of Nadars in Atoor village, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India S Jeeva*, V Femila Centre for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam - 629 165, Kanyakumari, Tamilnadu, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Objective: To conduct an ethnobotanical survey and collect information about the medicinal 6 2012 Nadars Received May plants used in the treatments of various ailments by the of Atoor village of Kanyakumari 8 2012 Methods: Received in revised form May district, Tamilnadu, India. Information presented in this document was gathered from A 15 A 2012 Nadars ccepted ugust the using an integrated approach of botanical collections, discussions with the elderly 28 2012 Vaidhyars Available online August ( ) people, traditional medicinal practitioners locally known aResults:s and local faith healer and interviews with questionnaires in the years 2009-2010. A total of 89 plant species Keywords: representing 47 families have been reported to be in use among the Nadars of the study area. Atoor village Family wise distribution of medicinal plants shows Acanthaceae, Asclepiadaceae and Lamiaceae 5 5 Ethnobotany was the most speciose family with genus and species each and Liliaceae was the co-dominant 3 4 89 14 18 Kanyakumari family represented by genus and Conclusion: species. Of the plants species, Nadarswere tree species, 47 10 Medicinal plants shrubs, herbs and climbers. The study revealed that have a great Nadars faith in the traditional healing system and they rely on medicinal plants for treatment of various illnesses. Further studies on phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacognosy on these species may lead to the invention of novel bioactive compounds to treat pathogenic diseases. 1. Introduction which are used in their daily life against various ailments, 17-21] stiNadarll lies with them[ . Medicinal plants, since times immemorial, have been is one of the Nadarprominent castes of Tamilnadu, used in virtually all cultures as a source of medicine. south India. The tern , in Tamil literally means The widespread use of herbal remedies and healthcare oNadarsne who rules the land. Historically, majority of the preparations, as those described in ancient texts such as were humble cultivators of Palmyra tress and the Vedas and the Bible, and obtained from commonly used mostly engaged in the Palmyrah industry, including the traditional herbs and medicinal plants, has been traced the production of toddy. They have the vast knowledge of occurrence of natural products with medicinal properties[1]. the medicinal plants surrounds them. Although different Plants play significant role not only in our economy but workers have documented the uses of various medicinal also used as traditional medicines[2-12]. Almost 75% of the plants from different parts of Kanyakumari district, [22-32] medicinally important plant species grow in wild condition Tamilnadu, India infNadarormation on the traditional and [13,14]. Kanyakumari district of Southern Western Ghats is cultural practices of the communities residing in one of the botanically rich areas of Indian peninsula. The the Kanyakumari district of Tamilnadu is unavailable. richness and diversity of the medicinal flora of this region Therefore, a need was felt to gather inNadar-depth information are largely due to the varied topography, tropical climate on the plant species used by the community and heavy rainfall[15]. Rural people of the area have strong and document their traditional knowledge and cultural relations with their surrounding environment[16]. Therefore, practices which may be under threat due to the influence of the indigenous people have not forgotten their age-old modernization ethnicity and traditions. Knowledge about medicinal plants, 2. Materials and methods *Corresponding author: Dr. S. Jeeva, Assistant Professor, Centre for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, 2.1. Study area Marthandam - 629 165, Kanyakumari, Tamilnadu, India. E-mail: [email protected] S. Jeeva and V Femila ./Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine (2012)S593-S600 S594 etc ( ) Attoor village is situated in Kalkulaum Taluk of Caesalpiniaceae , . However, in recent dArtocarpusays due to Kanyakumari district, Tamilnadu, India. The total area of monocultural practices the giant specimen 2 hirustus 15 75 2001 this village is . km . According to the census the Heavea, w hbrasiliensisich yield edible fruit and nut, has been replaced 11 744 5 922 5 822 village had a population of with males anNadarsd by . 168 16 females. Out of this people are SC and are ST. 2.6. Data collection are the predominant community, 75% are Christian and 25% Hindus. The number of household is 3 523. The literacy rate 74 78 12 8 is . and having schools, hospital and cashewnut Regular field tripNadars was conducted to collect ethnobotanical factories. Agriculture is the major occupation of this village. information of residing in Atoor village, 2009 2010 2.2. Climate Kanyakumari district during July -June . The old people, medicinal men, local faith healer were intensively interviewed and obtained information mainly The climate of the district is favorable warm and humid. concerning their knowledge on ethnomedicinal uses of plant The summer starts from March to May followed by southwest species. The plants species was collected and identified monsoon from June to September. October and November taxonomically by using the regional and local flora[33-35]. constitute the post-monsoon or retreating monsoon season The Herbaria of Botanical Tropical Botanical Garden with frequent thunderstorms. From December to February, and Research Institute, Trivandrum, Kerala, and Botany northeast monsoon season is confined with rains and rest Department of Neasmony Memorial Christian College, months are generally with bright weather. The rainfall varies Marthandam, were consulted for correct identification of from 103 cm to 310 cm, and elevation varied from sea level to plant specimens. 1 829 m. 2.3. Soil 3. Results The soil of the district is broadly classified into two major The local inhabitants of Attoor village of Kanyakumari groups namely, red and alluvium soils. Red soil is further district are found to possess a very rich ethnobotanical classified into red loam and sandy soils. Alluvium soil is knowledge. Even to this date, they have been making use of divided into coastal and river alluvium soils. An area of the a large number of plants species for various purposesetc such district occupied by red soil is greater than alluvial soil. The as medicine, fodder, firewood, timber, ceremonies, . A 89 47 black colour of forest soil is mainly due to high contents of total plant species representinNadarsg families have been humus and minerals. reported to be in use among the of the study area ( 1) 2.4. Landscape and land use pattern Table . Both cultivated and non cultivated plant species have been documented in the present study. The use of the same plant Nadarsor plant part was found to vary in some cases Topographically, it has prominent natural features such as among the of different hamlets. Among 89 plants richly varied and crowded vegetation, majestic undulating species used by the villagers, 14 were tree species, 18 hills with surrounding plains, and coconut plantations, shrubs, 47 herbs and 10 climbers (Figure 1). which make splendid landscapes. Acoording2 to the village Family wise distribution of the medicinal plant shows profile of Atoor village a total area of 15.75 km . in which 80% Acanthaceae, Asclepiadaceae and Lamiaceae having 5 genus of the area is covered with traditional agroforestry system and 5 species each was the most speciose family, followed and the remaining area of land is covered by road, streets, by Liliaceae was the co-dominant family having 3 genus and 4 ( residential area and agricultural land. AgricOryzaulture sativais the species. Four families Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Verbenaceae ) 3 3 main occMusaupati oparadisiacan of local people. BasiManihotcally esculenta and Solanaceae had genus and species each. Nine ( ) ( ) Paddy , Dioscorea Banetcana , families viz. Amaranthaceae, Arecaceae, Apiaceae, (Tapioca), sps. (Yam) are cultivated. As the Apocynaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Malvaceae, Myrtaceae, 2 2 vegetables, etcbrinjal, tomato, bitter gourd,Mangifera bottle gour dindica, chilli, Nyctaginaceae and Rutaceae representing genus and pumpkin, are cultivated. Mango ( ), speceis each, however, 26 families were monospecific (Table jack fruit, banana, guava are major fruits. There is a wide 2). probability of professionalism in agricultural but because Among the different plant parts used for the preparation of lack of technical education, lack of irrigation and of medicine, leaves (48.24%) and whole plants (15.29%) were unawareness it has been only for subsidence. predominantly and co-dominantly used (Figure 2), followed (9 41%) (8 24%) (5 88%) 2.5. Vegetation by fruits . , roots . , flowers . , bulbs, rhizome, seeds and stem (2.35% each), bark, latex and pseudo stem (1.18%). The forests of this village are coming under traditional From the present
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