Social Movements and Poverty in Developing Countries
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The Political Economy of Industrial Policy: Structural Interdependencies, Policy Alignment and Conflict Management
The Political Economy of Industrial Policy: Structural Interdependencies, Policy Alignment and Conflict Management Antonio Andreoni* and Ha-Joon Chang** *Department of Economics, SOAS University of London and South African Research Chair in Industrial Development, University of Johannesburg *Faculty of Economics and Centre of Development Studies, University of Cambridge Forthcoming in Structural Change and Economic Dynamics for the Special Issue: Frontiers of Industrial Policy: Structures, Institutions and Policies (eds. Andreoni, A., Chang, H.-J. and R. Scazzieri) Abstract Industrial policy is back in the mainstream debates. The paper provides a long-term analytical perspective of the industrial policy debate, and it critically assesses the current mainstream phase of the debate in light of three fundamental theoretical insights that developed along several decades of industrial policy theory and practice. These are related to the (i) structural interdependencies, tensions and dualism arising in the industrialisation process; (ii) variety and types of institutions for industrialisation and the importance of policy alignment; (iii) conflict management role of the government, alongside his entrepreneurial function, and the importance of government organisational capabilities. Building on this theoretical analysis, the last section of the paper provides a framework for the strategic coordination of packages of interactive industrial policy measures. The Policy Package Matrix is introduced as an operationalisation of the framework and a tool -
The Evolution of Education and Training Strategies in Singapore, Taiwan and S
Journal of Education and Work, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2002 The Evolution of Education and Training Strategies in Singapore, Taiwan and S. Korea: a development model of skill formation D. ASHTON, F. GREEN, J. SUNG & D. JAMES Centre for Labour Market Studies, University of Leicester, 7–9 Salisbury Road, Leicester LE 1 7QR ABSTRACT This paper challenges the conventional explanation of the role of the state in skill formation in the high performing Asian economies as advocated by World Bank economists. It does this through an examination of the institutions which supported bene cial strategic state intervention in the process of skill formation in Singapore, Taiwan and S. Korea. These enabled governments to produce a pace of skill formation so high that it achieved within the space of one generation something that took the advanced industrial countries three generations to achieve. Our research has identi ed a set of government strategies and associated institutional structures in the eld of education and training in these economies which, it is argued, played a crucial role in ensuring that economic growth could proceed without employers experiencing severe skill shortages. We put forward a model of the skill formation process which is dynamic in character, focussing on the relationship between the state and the rapidly changing demand for skills during the process of industrialisation. This model allows us to examine some of the processes which are currently sustaining as well as threatening existing forms of intervention in the area of skill formation, including those related to the nancial crisis of the late 1990s. Introduction In her contribution to the debate which followed the publication of the World Bank report on the ‘East Asian Miracle’ (World Bank, 1993), Alice Amsden proposed that it was time to identify, with more precision, the institutions which supported bene cial strategic state interventions in the economy (Amsden, 1994). -
Oecd Development Centre
OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Working Paper No. 262 STRENGTHENING PRODUCTIVE CAPACITIES IN EMERGING ECONOMIES THROUGH INTERNATIONALISATION: EVIDENCE FROM THE APPLIANCE INDUSTRY by Federico Bonaglia and Andrea Goldstein Research area: Policy Coherence and Productive Capacity Building July 2007 Strengthening Productive Capacities in Emerging Economies through Internationalisation DEV/DOC(2007)5 DEVELOPMENT CENTRE WORKING PAPERS This series of working papers is intended to disseminate the Development Centre’s research findings rapidly among specialists in the field concerned. These papers are generally available in the original English or French, with a summary in the other language. Comments on this paper would be welcome and should be sent to the OECD Development Centre, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; or to [email protected]. Documents may be downloaded from: http://www.oecd.org/dev/wp or obtained via e-mail ([email protected]). THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED AND ARGUMENTS EMPLOYED IN THIS DOCUMENT ARE THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHORS AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THOSE OF THE OECD OR OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF ITS MEMBER COUNTRIES CENTRE DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DOCUMENTS DE TRAVAIL Cette série de documents de travail a pour but de diffuser rapidement auprès des spécialistes dans les domaines concernés les résultats des travaux de recherche du Centre de développement. Ces documents ne sont disponibles que dans leur langue originale, anglais ou français ; un résumé du document est rédigé dans l’autre langue. Tout commentaire relatif à ce document peut être adressé au Centre de développement de l’OCDE, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France ; ou à [email protected]. -
Complete Autumn 2011 Update
Quarterly Update: U.S. Businesses Are Discovering the “V” in CIVETS Autumn 2011 Summary The Vietnam opportunity in the 3 rd quarter attracted more attention from global investors, who now have a catchy acronym to go with their enthusiasm: CIVETS (Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey, and South Africa) is replacing BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) as the promising new frontier. Vietnam belongs in this emerging group because of its demographics (young, ambitious, entrepreneurial); its political and social stability; its sustained pace of growth; and its emergence as a manufacturing hub. For early adopters with long-term objectives, these strengths trump concerns about high inflation for 2011 and the related issues of currency instability, slower growth, and imbalances in trade and government spending. 3rd Quarter Developments in Vietnam Underlining the Vietnam opportunity are reports that surfaced in summer and early fall. Among them: • Commodities Exports . Vietnam continues growing as a dominant global trader of commodities – especially coffee, rice, and cashews. Nestle plans a $270 million coffee factory near Ho Chi Minh City, and intends to purchase 30,000 tons of coffee annually from 16,000 farmers. Later this fall, Vietnamese farmers are expected to harvest a record 1.3 million tons of coffee (worth $3 billion) – enough to lower prices of Robusta beans on the global market. Also, Vietnam is positioned to overtake Thailand as top exporter of rice, the staple that feeds almost half the world. Vietnam may exceed 8 million tons of rice exports in the coming year. • Green Technology Leadership. Vietnam is positioning itself as a destination for clean energy and biotechnology investors. -
Raise the Minimum Wage He Minimum Wage Has Been an Important Part of Our Tnation’S Economy for 68 Years
Hundreds of Economists Say: Raise the Minimum Wage he minimum wage has been an important part of our Tnation’s economy for 68 years. It is based on the principle Hard work of valuing work by establishing an hourly wage floor beneath which employers cannot pay their workers. In so doing, the minimum wage helps to equalize the imbalance in bargaining deserves power that low-wage workers face in the labor market. The minimum wage is also an important tool in fighting poverty. fair pay The value of the 1997 increase in the federal minimum wage has been fully eroded. The real value of today’s federal minimum wage is less than it has been since 1951. Moreover, the ratio of the minimum wage to the average hourly wage of non-supervisory workers is 31%, its lowest level since World War II. This decline is causing hardship for low-wage workers and their families. We believe that a modest increase in the minimum wage would improve the well-being of low-wage workers and would not have the adverse effects that critics have claimed. In particular, we share the view the Council of Economic Advisors expressed in the 1999 Economic Report of the President that "the weight of the evidence suggests that modest increases in the minimum wage have had very little or no effect on employment." While controversy about the precise employment effects of the minimum wage continues, research has shown that most of the beneficiaries are adults, most are female, and the vast majority are members of low-income working families. -
Cwpe1301.Pdf)
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE Cambridge Working Papers in Economics How to create a financial crisis by trying to avoid one: The Brazilian 1999-financial collapse as “Macho- Monetarism” can’t handle “Bubble Thy Neighbour” levels of inflows José Gabriel Palma CWPE 1301 How to create a financial crisis by trying to avoid one: the Brazilian 1999-financial collapse as “Macho-Monetarism” can’t handle “Bubble Thy Neighbour” levels of inflows 1 José Gabriel Palma Faculty of Economics Cambridge University [email protected] A shortened version of this paper will be published in the Brazilian Journal of Political Economy Key words: ‘Endogenous’ financial crisis, ‘Second generation’ models, Neo-liberal economic reforms, Ideology, Financial liberalisation, Capital controls, Systemic market failures, Latin America, East Asia, Keynes, Minsky and Kindleberger JEL classifications: D7, D81, F21, F32, F4, G15, G28, G38, H12, L51, N2, O16, 043 Cambridge Working Papers in Economics (CWPE) 1301 (Available at http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/dae/repec/cam/pdf/cwpe1301.pdf) 1 This paper builds on previous work (Palma, 2000a, and Palma 2006). It was first presented at the Workshop on “Financial Stability and Growth” organised by the Center of Structuralist Development Macroeconomics of the São Paulo School of Economics, Fundação Getulio Vargas, and the Ford Foundation. I would like to thank Alice Amsden, Edna Armendáriz, Stephanie Blankenburg, Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira, Antonio David, Jonathan DiJohn, Paul Davidson, Jorge Fiori, Samer Frangie, Roberto Frenkel, Paulo Gala, Geoff Harcourt, Daniel Hahn, Jan Kregel, Arturo O'Connell, Nelson Marconi, Domna Michailidou, Ignês Sodré, Lance Taylor, my Brazilian Ph D students at Cambridge, and participants at various seminars for helpful comments. -
BRICS Countries Challenge to the World Economy New Trends
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Economics and Finance 8 ( 2014 ) 605 – 613 1st International Conference 'Economic Scientific Research - Theoretical, Empirical and Practical Approaches', ESPERA 2013 BRICS countries challenge to the world economy new trends Irina Gabriela Radulescua*, Mirela Panaita, Catalin Voicab aPetroleum and Gas University from Ploiesti, B-dul Bucuresti, No39, 100680, Romania bThe Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, 010961 Romania Abstract This paper analyzes the importance of the BRICS group as representatives of emerging countries in the global economy. It is worth noting that the financial crisis had no strong effect on the BRICS group and it had a much better economic performance than developed countries. The main factors that led to the economic expansion of the group were an increased input of factors, and enormous scales of population and resources. For example, Brazil and Russia are mainly based on huge reserves of mineral resources and speculations made in international markets. China has an advantage of cheap labor and resources at low prices. India is also based on low-cost workforce. And last but not least, all the BRICS countries, except Brazil, show very high rates of investment. The current concern is to estimate whether the BRICS countries will have the same upward trend given the weakness identified within them: the high level of corruption, political different ideologies, over exposure to commodities etc. ©© 20120144 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.B.V. SelectionSelection and peerpeer-review-review under responsibility ofof thethe OrganizingOrganizing Committee Committee of of ESPERA ESPERA 2013 2013. Keywords: BRICS, emerging economies, economic growth; * Corresponding author. -
Realizing the Right to Development
TO REALIZING DEVELOPMENT THE RIGHT REALIZING THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT In commemoration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the governance; and social justice, especially with regard United Nations Declaration on the Right to Development, to poverty, women and indigenous peoples. Further, this United Nations publication presents for the first time these principles are examined as they are applied to the a wide range of in-depth analytical studies by more than issues of aid, debt, trade, technology transfer, intellectual 30 international experts covering the context, meaning and property, access to medicines, climate change and application of this right and its potential to shape human sustainable development in the context of international rights and development policy and practice. Together cooperation, Millennium Development Goal 8 and the they support the concept of an enabling environment for global partnership for development, including South-South development that would ensure freedom from want and cooperation. Finally, with regard to monitoring, action and freedom from fear for all people. the way forward, the concluding chapters consider the role of international law and national and regional experiences Built around the themes of Situating – Understanding and perspectives as well as provisional lessons learned – Cooperating for – and Implementing the right to and thoughts for renewal, and review the proposals to development, the contributions to this volume not only monitor progress and enhance institutional support for clarify -
Education System Alignment for 21St Century Skills: Focus on Assessment
OPTIMIZING ASSESSMENT FOR ALL November 2018 Education system alignment for 21st century skills Focus on assessment Esther Care, Helyn Kim, Alvin Vista, and Kate Anderson Education system alignment for 21st century skills: Focus on assessment Esther Care is a Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution Helyn Kim is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Center for Universal Education at Brookings Alvin Vista is a Fellow at the Center for Universal Education at Brookings Kate Anderson was an Associate Fellow at the Center for Universal Education at Brookings at the time of her contribution to this publication. Optimizing Assessment for All (OAA) is a project of the Center for Universal Education at the Brookings Institution. The aim of OAA is to support countries to improve the assessment, teaching, and learning of 21st century skills through increasing assessment literacy among regional and national education stakeholders; focusing on the constructive use of assessment in education; and developing new methods for assessing 21st century skills. Acknowledgements We would like to extend our sincere appreciation to Dr. Scott Paris as a peer reviewer of an early version of this publication. The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit organization devoted to independent research and policy solutions. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publication are solely those of its author(s), and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its other scholars. In addition, Brookings gratefully acknowledges the support provided by Porticus. -
ASEAN Corporate Governance Scorecard Country Reports and Assessments 2015 Joint Initiative of the ASEAN Capital Markets Forum and the Asian Development Bank
ASEAN Corporate Governance Scorecard Country Reports and Assessments 2015 Joint Initiative of the ASEAN Capital Markets Forum and the Asian Development Bank Good corporate governance practices reduce vulnerability to financial crises, reinforce property rights, reduce the cost of capital, and lead to greater capital market development. In this fourth edition of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Corporate Governance initiative of the Asian Development Bank and the ASEAN Capital Markets Forum, over 500 top publicly listed companies from six ASEAN countries were assessed. In depth analysis of each country including rights of shareholders, equitable treatment of shareholders, role of stakeholders, disclosure and transparency, and responsibilities of the board are discussed. About the Asian Development Bank ADB’s vision is an Asia and Pacific region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people. Despite the region’s many successes, it remains home to a large share of the world’s poor. ADB is committed to reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration. Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance. ASEAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SCORECARD COUNTRY REPORTS AND ASSESSMENTS 2015 JOINT INITIATIVE OF -
Economics-For-Real-People.Pdf
Economics for Real People An Introduction to the Austrian School 2nd Edition Economics for Real People An Introduction to the Austrian School 2nd Edition Gene Callahan Copyright 2002, 2004 by Gene Callahan All rights reserved. Written permission must be secured from the publisher to use or reproduce any part of this book, except for brief quotations in critical reviews or articles. Published by the Ludwig von Mises Institute, 518 West Magnolia Avenue, Auburn, Alabama 36832-4528. ISBN: 0-945466-41-2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Dedicated to Professor Israel Kirzner, on the occasion of his retirement from economics. My deepest gratitude to my wife, Elen, for her support and forbearance during the many hours it took to complete this book. Special thanks to Lew Rockwell, president of the Ludwig von Mises Institute, for conceiving of this project, and having enough faith in me to put it in my hands. Thanks to Jonathan Erickson of Dr. Dobb’s Journal for per- mission to use my Dr. Dobb’s online op-eds, “Just What Is Superior Technology?” as the basis for Chapter 16, and “Those Damned Bugs!” as the basis for part of Chapter 14. Thanks to Michael Novak of the American Enterprise Insti- tute for permission to use his phrase, “social justice, rightly understood,” as the title for Part 4 of the book. Thanks to Professor Mario Rizzo for kindly inviting me to attend the NYU Colloquium on Market Institutions and Eco- nomic Processes. Thanks to Robert Murphy of Hillsdale College for his fre- quent collaboration, including on two parts of this book, and for many fruitful discussions. -
Enter the Title of the Paper
Securing the Home Market A New Approach to Korean Development Alice Amsden Research Paper 2013–1 April 2013 This United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) Research Paper has been produced with support from the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA). UNRISD also thanks the governments of Denmark, Finland, Mexico, South Africa, Sweden and the United Kingdom for their core funding. Copyright © UNRISD. Short extracts from this publication may be reproduced unaltered without authorization on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to UNRISD, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. UNRISD welcomes such applications. The designations employed in UNRISD publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNRISD con-cerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for opinions expressed rests solely with the author(s), and publication does not constitute endorsement by UNRISD. ISSN 2305-5375 Contents Acronyms ii Summary/Resumé/Resumen iii Summary iii Resumé iii Resumen iv Part I: Introduction 1 Introduction 1 Nationalism 9 A weak private sector 13 Why the homing instincts? 13 Expropriation 18 When the “wrong” property rights are “right” 20 Part II: From Home to Foreign Markets 21 Counting market