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Water – A global sustainability initiative Victim of the

6 February2020 Alina Klaseva A 1 Agenda

1. Who is Stockholm Textile Water Initiative?

2. STWI Program Cycle

3. STWI Results

4. ’s Pressures on Water Resources

5. Process

6. Q&A

2 Who is STWI?

• The Sweden Textile Water Initiative (STWI) housed by the Stockholm International Water Institute, a capacity building program towards improving the environmental of suppliers to private companies of the textiles industry.

• Focus on improving efficient use of water, energy and chemicals.

• Geographically in the main production hubs of textiles and apparel. This year the program is implemented in China, , Bangladesh.

• STWI program is intended to build capacities in the supply chain.

3 STWI cycle – 1 year

why Improvement Analysis & solutions benchmark Technical trainings personalized How programs Technical support Implementation

Awareness trainings

4 TextilesSTWI focalindustrytopics pressures on water

• Textiles and apparel industry - a thirsty business.

• The industry is the 3rd largest user of water globally (after oil and paper).

• It’s estimated that the fashion industry currently uses around 1.5 trillion liters of water per year.

• This is 2% of all freshwater extraction globally and represents >1/10 of the water used by all types of industry.

5 Textiles industry’s pressures on water

• The industry relies on water throughout the production process for textiles and garments.

For example, it takes on average 10,000 litres of water to cultivate just 1 kilogram of raw .

6 Textiles industry’s pressures on water

Just to set these volumes in a more relatable context:

1 cotton = 3 000 liters = = shirt H2O

12,680 glasses!!

= = = =

5 000 a day 110 million 1 Textile Mill 7 . Textiles manufacturing process

8 Textiles manufacturing process

• Requires enormous amounts of water

• Requires enormous amounts of fertilizers

https://www.pinterest.com/

• Requires enormous amounts of pesticides (pesticides originally developed as toxic nerve agents during World War II)

https://www.natracare.com/ 9 Textiles manufacturing process

• Threads are prepared for through a process called sizing, when are coated with chemicals to reduce surface roughness. • In this way sizing enables the weaving process and improves the processing behaviour of yarns.

https://lansenchem.en.made-in-china.com • Sizing agents have to be removed from the fabrics by washing, which results in considerable of effluents from textile .

https://www.sustainyourstyle.org/ 10 Textiles manufacturing process

• The daily water consumption of an average sized textile mill having a production of about 8000 kg of fabric per day is about 1.6 million liters.

• 16% of this is consumed in dyeing and 8% in printing.

• Specific water consumption for dyeing varies from 30 - 50 liters/kg of cloth depending on the type of used. The overall water consumption of dyeing is about 60 liters/kg of yarn.

• Dyeing section contributes to 15% - 20% of the total waste-water flow.

https://eu.delawareonline.com/ 11 Textiles manufacturing process

• Water is also required for washing the dyed and printed fabric and yarn to achieve washing fastness and bright backgrounds. Washing agents like caustic soda- based soaps; enzymes etc. are used for the purpose.

• Water is also needed for cleaning the printing machines to remove loose color paste from printing blankets, printing screens and dyeing vessels.

• Mills discharge millions of liters of this effluent as hazardous toxic waste, full of color and organic chemicals from dyeing and finishing salts.

Presence of sulphur, naphthol, vat , nitrates, acetic acid, soaps, compounds and heavy metals like copper, arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, and cobalt and certain auxiliary chemicals all collectively make the effluent highly toxic. Other harmful chemicals present in the water may be formaldehyde-based dye fixing agents, hydro-carbon based softeners and non bio-degradable dyeing chemicals.

• The mill effluent is also often of a high temperature and pH, both of which are extremely damaging. 12 Textiles manufacturing process

• The colloidal matter present along with colors and oily scum increases the turbidity.

https://www.revolvy.com/ • This interferes with the Oxygen transfer mechanism at air water interface.

• Effluent water flow in the fields results in loss of soil productivity.

https://www.chromres.com/blog/the-fundamentals-of- oxygen-scrubbing/

• The wastewater that flows in the drains corrodes the sewerage pipes.

• Affects the quality of drinking water.

https://www.corrosionpedia.com/ • Such polluted water can be a breeding ground for bacteria and viruses.

13 https://pxhere.com/en/photo/961691 STWI Results

11 million cubic meters of total water savings = daily need for 220 million people 5 Countries (Bangladesh, China, Ethiopia, India and Turkey) = annual need for 0.6 million people 276 factories More than 13 brands with factories in the program 19 additional brands in STWI network Partnership with local stakeholders in these countries Electricity use reduced by 79 million KwH Partnership with SIDA Natural gas use reduced by 31 million cubic meters Fossil fuel reduced by 705,309 tons Green house gas emissions reduced by 464,766 tons 37 454 workers trained through awareness sessions in factories 1367 management executives trained on energy and water efficiency, chemical management 412,283,545 SEK invested by factory in long-term projects Chemical use reduced by 24 million kgs 325,109,944 SEK saved by factories in operational costs 2,083 projects completed during the Average ROI projects within 15-18 months program 100% factories improved their Best Management Practices related to Environmental Management System

www.stwi.se 14 STWI Results

https://hackernoon.com/ www.pinterest.com https://www.culturalfoundation.eu

15 Thank you for your attention!

QUESTIONS?

16