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Data Compression: Dictionary-Based Coding 2 / 37 Dictionary-Based Coding Dictionary-Based Coding
Dictionary-based Coding already coded not yet coded search buffer look-ahead buffer cursor (N symbols) (L symbols) We know the past but cannot control it. We control the future but... Last Lecture Last Lecture: Predictive Lossless Coding Predictive Lossless Coding Simple and effective way to exploit dependencies between neighboring symbols / samples Optimal predictor: Conditional mean (requires storage of large tables) Affine and Linear Prediction Simple structure, low-complex implementation possible Optimal prediction parameters are given by solution of Yule-Walker equations Works very well for real signals (e.g., audio, images, ...) Efficient Lossless Coding for Real-World Signals Affine/linear prediction (often: block-adaptive choice of prediction parameters) Entropy coding of prediction errors (e.g., arithmetic coding) Using marginal pmf often already yields good results Can be improved by using conditional pmfs (with simple conditions) Heiko Schwarz (Freie Universität Berlin) — Data Compression: Dictionary-based Coding 2 / 37 Dictionary-based Coding Dictionary-Based Coding Coding of Text Files Very high amount of dependencies Affine prediction does not work (requires linear dependencies) Higher-order conditional coding should work well, but is way to complex (memory) Alternative: Do not code single characters, but words or phrases Example: English Texts Oxford English Dictionary lists less than 230 000 words (including obsolete words) On average, a word contains about 6 characters Average codeword length per character would be limited by 1 -
GSM Security
International Journal of Innovative Science and Modern Engineering (IJISME) ISSN: 2319-6386, Volume-2 Issue-5, March 2014 GSM Security Anshu Anand Jethi, Ajay Rana Abstract- This paper demonstrates the secure communication in GSM. Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is a A. The Purpose of GSM Security: second generation cellular standard developed to provide voice • The access to the mobile services. services and data delivery using digital modulation. • Any significant item from being revealed at the radio With its great features like providing access to users at anytime path, generally to ensure the privacy of user-related and anywhere, mobile communication is very attractive among information. the users as well as operators and service providers. But, in spite of of several advantages, mobile communication also has been II. SECURITY FEATURES OF GSM facing many security problems. In 2G and 3G technologies viz GSM, GPRS and UMTS, the architecture comprises of mainly Several security functions built into GSM to safeguard three nodes; the mobile station (MS), Visitor Location subscriber privacy which includes: Register/Serving GPRS Support Node (VLR/SGSN), and Home Registered subscriber’s authentication. Location Register /Authentication Center (HLR/AuC). These Subscriber identity protection nodes are involved to encrypt/decrypt the data and authenticate the user (MS) in GSM, GPRS and UMTS. Secure data transfer via encryption Keywords- GSM, GPRS and UMTS, (VLR/SGSN), Mobile phones are unworkable without SIM (HLR/AuC). Duplicate SIM not allow on the network I. INTRODUCTION Securely stored KI. A. Registered subscribers Authentication Wireless and mobile communication systems are very famous among the customers as well the operators and The objective of this authentication security feature is to service providers. -
If It's Broke, Fix It: Restoring Federal Government Ethics and Rule Of
If it’s Broke, Fix it Restoring Federal Government Ethics and Rule of Law Edited by Norman Eisen The editor and authors of this report are deeply grateful to several indi- viduals who were indispensable in its research and production. Colby Galliher is a Project and Research Assistant in the Governance Studies program of the Brookings Institution. Maya Gros and Kate Tandberg both worked as Interns in the Governance Studies program at Brookings. All three of them conducted essential fact-checking and proofreading of the text, standardized the citations, and managed the report’s production by coordinating with the authors and editor. IF IT’S BROKE, FIX IT 1 Table of Contents Editor’s Note: A New Day Dawns ................................................................................. 3 By Norman Eisen Introduction ........................................................................................................ 7 President Trump’s Profiteering .................................................................................. 10 By Virginia Canter Conflicts of Interest ............................................................................................... 12 By Walter Shaub Mandatory Divestitures ...................................................................................... 12 Blind-Managed Accounts .................................................................................... 12 Notification of Divestitures .................................................................................. 13 Discretionary Trusts -
Digital Communication Systems 2.2 Optimal Source Coding
Digital Communication Systems EES 452 Asst. Prof. Dr. Prapun Suksompong [email protected] 2. Source Coding 2.2 Optimal Source Coding: Huffman Coding: Origin, Recipe, MATLAB Implementation 1 Examples of Prefix Codes Nonsingular Fixed-Length Code Shannon–Fano code Huffman Code 2 Prof. Robert Fano (1917-2016) Shannon Award (1976 ) Shannon–Fano Code Proposed in Shannon’s “A Mathematical Theory of Communication” in 1948 The method was attributed to Fano, who later published it as a technical report. Fano, R.M. (1949). “The transmission of information”. Technical Report No. 65. Cambridge (Mass.), USA: Research Laboratory of Electronics at MIT. Should not be confused with Shannon coding, the coding method used to prove Shannon's noiseless coding theorem, or with Shannon–Fano–Elias coding (also known as Elias coding), the precursor to arithmetic coding. 3 Claude E. Shannon Award Claude E. Shannon (1972) Elwyn R. Berlekamp (1993) Sergio Verdu (2007) David S. Slepian (1974) Aaron D. Wyner (1994) Robert M. Gray (2008) Robert M. Fano (1976) G. David Forney, Jr. (1995) Jorma Rissanen (2009) Peter Elias (1977) Imre Csiszár (1996) Te Sun Han (2010) Mark S. Pinsker (1978) Jacob Ziv (1997) Shlomo Shamai (Shitz) (2011) Jacob Wolfowitz (1979) Neil J. A. Sloane (1998) Abbas El Gamal (2012) W. Wesley Peterson (1981) Tadao Kasami (1999) Katalin Marton (2013) Irving S. Reed (1982) Thomas Kailath (2000) János Körner (2014) Robert G. Gallager (1983) Jack KeilWolf (2001) Arthur Robert Calderbank (2015) Solomon W. Golomb (1985) Toby Berger (2002) Alexander S. Holevo (2016) William L. Root (1986) Lloyd R. Welch (2003) David Tse (2017) James L. -
[email protected] FCC ANNOUNCES PART
NEWS Federal Communications Commission News Media Information 202 / 418-0500 445 12th Street, S.W. Internet: http://www.fcc.gov Washington, D. C. 20554 TTY: 1-888-835-5322 This is an unofficial announcement of Commission action. Release of the full text of a Commission order constitutes official action. See MCI v. FCC. 515 F 2d 385 (D.C. Circ 1974). FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: NEWS CONTACT: August 10, 2009 Mark Wigfield, 202-418-0253 Email: [email protected] FCC ANNOUNCES PARTICIPANTS IN NATIONAL BROADBAND PLAN STAFF WORKSHOPS ON DEPLOYMENT, TECHNOLOGY Washington, D.C. -- The Federal Communications Commission’s staff workshops this week for the development of the National Broadband Plan will focus on deployment and technology. On Wednesday, industry, staff and public participants will examine wireline and wireless deployment, as well as what it means to be unserved or underserved by broadband, why areas or groups are unserved and underserved, and what actions the United States should take to help stimulate broader and faster broadband deployment. On Thursday, participants will examine both fixed and wireless broadband technologies that are affecting broadband networks today and that will likely affect them in the future. WHAT: National Broadband Plan Staff Workshops WHEN: Wednesday and Thursday, Aug. 12 &13. See agendas below for specific times WHERE: FCC Commission Room, 445 12th St. SW, Washington D.C. 20554 ONLINE: Press and public attending online should register in advance at http://www.broadband.gov/. Click on “Workshops” tab. During the workshops, audience members -- both in the room and online -- will have the opportunity to suggest questions in writing. -
Randomized Lempel-Ziv Compression for Anti-Compression Side-Channel Attacks
Randomized Lempel-Ziv Compression for Anti-Compression Side-Channel Attacks by Meng Yang A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2018 c Meng Yang 2018 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract Security experts confront new attacks on TLS/SSL every year. Ever since the compres- sion side-channel attacks CRIME and BREACH were presented during security conferences in 2012 and 2013, online users connecting to HTTP servers that run TLS version 1.2 are susceptible of being impersonated. We set up three Randomized Lempel-Ziv Models, which are built on Lempel-Ziv77, to confront this attack. Our three models change the determin- istic characteristic of the compression algorithm: each compression with the same input gives output of different lengths. We implemented SSL/TLS protocol and the Lempel- Ziv77 compression algorithm, and used them as a base for our simulations of compression side-channel attack. After performing the simulations, all three models successfully pre- vented the attack. However, we demonstrate that our randomized models can still be broken by a stronger version of compression side-channel attack that we created. But this latter attack has a greater time complexity and is easily detectable. Finally, from the results, we conclude that our models couldn't compress as well as Lempel-Ziv77, but they can be used against compression side-channel attacks. -
CNN Communications Press Contacts Press
CNN Communications Press Contacts Allison Gollust, EVP, & Chief Marketing Officer, CNN Worldwide [email protected] ___________________________________ CNN/U.S. Communications Barbara Levin, Vice President ([email protected]; @ blevinCNN) CNN Digital Worldwide, Great Big Story & Beme News Communications Matt Dornic, Vice President ([email protected], @mdornic) HLN Communications Alison Rudnick, Vice President ([email protected], @arudnickHLN) ___________________________________ Press Representatives (alphabetical order): Heather Brown, Senior Press Manager ([email protected], @hlaurenbrown) CNN Original Series: The History of Comedy, United Shades of America with W. Kamau Bell, This is Life with Lisa Ling, The Nineties, Declassified: Untold Stories of American Spies, Finding Jesus, The Radical Story of Patty Hearst Blair Cofield, Publicist ([email protected], @ blaircofield) CNN Newsroom with Fredricka Whitfield New Day Weekend with Christi Paul and Victor Blackwell Smerconish CNN Newsroom Weekend with Ana Cabrera CNN Atlanta, Miami and Dallas Bureaus and correspondents Breaking News Lauren Cone, Senior Press Manager ([email protected], @lconeCNN) CNN International programming and anchors CNNI correspondents CNN Newsroom with Isha Sesay and John Vause Richard Quest Jennifer Dargan, Director ([email protected]) CNN Films and CNN Films Presents Fareed Zakaria GPS Pam Gomez, Manager ([email protected], @pamelamgomez) Erin Burnett Outfront CNN Newsroom with Brooke Baldwin Poppy -
ICT4SD Final Draft-P
Information and Communications Technology for Sustainable Development Defining a Global Research Agenda A Report based on two workshops organized by: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Washington, DC, 2003, and Bangalore, 2004 Authors Rahul Tongia, Carnegie Mellon University Eswaran Subrahmanian, Carnegie Mellon University V. S. Arunachalam, Carnegie Mellon University / Tamil Nadu State Planning Commission Information and Communications Technology for Sustainable Development Defining a Global Research Agenda ICT-SD Project Investigators: USA (Supported by National Science Foundation, World Bank, and the United Nations) V. S. Arunachalam, Carnegie Mellon University Raj Reddy, Carnegie Mellon University Rahul Tongia, Carnegie Mellon University Eswaran Subrahmanian, Carnegie Mellon University India (Supported by Govt. of India through its Ministries, Departments and Agencies) N. Balakrishnan, Indian Institute of Science © 2005 Rahul Tongia, Eswaran Subrahmanian, V. S. Arunachalam ISBN : 81 - 7764 - 839 - X Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd. Jayadeva Hostel Building, 5th Main Road, Gandhi Nagar, Bangalore - 560 009, India. “We must look ahead at today's radical changes in technology, not just as forecasters but as actors charged with designing and bringing about a sustainable and acceptable world. New knowledge gives us power for change: for good or ill, for knowledge is neutral. The problems we face go well beyond technology: problems of living in harmony with nature, and most important, living in harmony with each other. Information technology, so closely tied to the properties of the human mind, can give us, if we ask the right questions, the special insights we need to advance these goals.” Herbert Simon , 1916 – 2001 Nobel Laureate in Economics, 1978 7 Preface Technology remains as the fountainhead for human development and economic growth. -
Money Guide for Millennials Christine Romans
To purchase this product, please visit https://www.wiley.com/en-us/9781118949351 Smart is the New Rich: Money Guide for Millennials Christine Romans E-Book 978-1-118-94936-8 March 2015 $17.00 Hardcover 978-1-118-94935-1 March 2015 $27.95 DESCRIPTION Time is on your side—smart money management for Millennials Smart is the New Rich: Money Guide for Millennials is an interactive, step-by-step guide to all things money. From credit, student debt, savings, investing, taxes, and mortgages, CNN's chief business correspondent Christine Romans shows this newest generation of earners how to build wealth. You'll learn the old-fashioned approach that leads to a healthier financial lifestyle, and open the door on a straightforward conversation about earning, saving, spending, growing, and protecting your money. You'll learn how to invest in the stock market or buy a home, even if you are still paying off student loan debt. Romans offers expert insight on the "New Normal," and why the rules of the credit bubble—the one you were raised in—no longer apply. Checklists and quizzes help solidify your understanding, and pave the way for you to start putting these new skills into action. For thirty years, the financial rules for life revolved around abundant credit at the ready. A quick look around makes it obvious that those rules no longer work, and Millennials just now coming of age and entering the workforce need a new plan to build a solid financial foundation and healthy money habits. This book puts you on the right track, with step-by-step help and expert guidance. -
National Academy of Sciences July 1, 1979 Officers
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES JULY 1, 1979 OFFICERS Term expires President-PHILIP HANDLER June 30, 1981 Vice-President-SAUNDERS MAC LANE June 30, 1981 Home Secretary-BRYCE CRAWFORD,JR. June 30, 1983 Foreign Secretary-THOMAS F. MALONE June 30, 1982 Treasurer-E. R. PIORE June 30, 1980 Executive Officer Comptroller Robert M. White David Williams COUNCIL Abelson, Philip H. (1981) Markert,C. L. (1980) Berg, Paul (1982) Nierenberg,William A. (1982) Berliner, Robert W. (1981) Piore, E. R. (1980) Bing, R. H. (1980) Ranney, H. M. (1980) Crawford,Bryce, Jr. (1983) Simon, Herbert A. (1981) Friedman, Herbert (1982) Solow, R. M. (1980) Handler, Philip (1981) Thomas, Lewis (1982) Mac Lane, Saunders (1981) Townes, Charles H. (1981) Malone, Thomas F. (1982) Downloaded by guest on September 30, 2021 SECTIONS The Academyis divided into the followingSections, to which membersare assigned at their own choice: (11) Mathematics (31) Engineering (12) Astronomy (32) Applied Biology (13) Physics (33) Applied Physical and (14) Chemistry Mathematical Sciences (15) Geology (41) Medical Genetics Hema- (16) Geophysics tology, and Oncology (21) Biochemistry (42) Medical Physiology, En- (22) Cellularand Develop- docrinology,and Me- mental Biology tabolism (23) Physiological and Phar- (43) Medical Microbiology macologicalSciences and Immunology (24) Neurobiology (51) Anthropology (25) Botany (52) Psychology (26) Genetics (53) Social and Political Sci- (27) Population Biology, Evo- ences lution, and Ecology (54) Economic Sciences In the alphabetical list of members,the numbersin parentheses, followingyear of election, indicate the respective Class and Section of the member. CLASSES The members of Sections are grouped in the following Classes: I. Physical and Mathematical Sciences (Sections 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16). -
Former Vice President Al Gore and Internet “Father” Vint Cerf Praise the ICANN Model
FOR RELEASE: June 3, 2009 CONTACTS: Brad White Director of Media Affairs Ph. +1 202.429.2710 E: [email protected] Michele Jourdan Corporate Affairs Division Ph. +1 310.301.5831 E: [email protected] Former Vice President Al Gore and Internet “Father” Vint Cerf Praise the ICANN Model Comments Precede Hill Hearings on Ties to U.S. Government Washington, D.C. … June 3, 2009…. Former U.S. Vice President Al Gore has joined a leading Internet founder in acknowledging the success of the multi-stakeholder, bottom up governance of the Internet’s name and address system that the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) embodies. “Twelve Years ago as Vice President, I led an interagency group charged with coordinating the U.S. government’s electronic commerce strategy. The formation of ICANN was very much a part of that strategy,” Gore said. The former Vice President’s comments come on the eve of Congressional hearings on ICANN’s relationship with the U.S. government and on the non-profit corporation’s proposed expansion of top- level domains. “The Internet’s unique nature requires a unique multi-stakeholder private entity to coordinate the global Internet addressing system without being controlled by any one government or special interest. What we have all those years later is an organization that works,” said Gore. “It has security as its core mission, is responsive to all global stakeholders and is independent and democratic. We should make permanent those foundations for success.” Gore’s praise parallels the comments of Vint Cerf, a man considered by many to be the one of the fathers of the Internet. -
A S Rao Nagar Branch Mgl 3618 Rajulal Choudary 1-30/60/7
A S RAO NAGAR BRANCH A S RAO NAGAR BRANCH A S RAO NAGAR BRANCH MGL 3618 MGL 3619 MSGL 259 RAJULAL CHOUDARY JAGADISH CHOUDARY P.AMARNATH 1-30/60/7, HNO 1-1-30/171 S/O P.KESHAVULU, G.R. REDDY NAGAR, G.R.REDDY NAGAR, H.NO: 1-11-80, SVS NAGAR, DAMMAIGUDA KAPRA KEESARA RANGA REDDY KUSHAIGUDA, HYD 500062 HYD 500 HYD 500062 A S RAO NAGAR BRANCH A S RAO NAGAR BRANCH ABIDS BRANCH MSGL 260 MSGL 261 MGL 103 A PARTHA SARATHI A PARTHA SARATHI NISHA JAJU HNO 1-86 RAMPALLI DAYARA HNO 1-86 RAMPALLI DAYARA 3-4-516 KEESARA MANDAL RR DIST KEESARA MANDAL RR DIST BARKATPURA HYDERABAD HYDERABAD OPP ARUNA STUDIO HYD 501301 HYD 501301 HYD 500029 ABIDS BRANCH ABIDS BRANCH ABIDS BRANCH MGL 109 MGL 110 MGL 111 MADHAVI TOPARAM MADHAVI TOPARAM MADHAVI TOPARAM FLAT NO 401 1-5-808/123/34/40 FLAT NO 401 1-5-808/123/34/40 FLAT NO 401 1-5-808/123/34/40 HANUMAN ENCLAVE HANUMAN ENCLAVE HANUMAN ENCLAVE MUSHEERABAD NEAR MUSHEERABAD NEAR MUSHEERABAD NEAR EK MINAR ZAMISTANPOOR EK MINAR ZAMISTANPOOR EK MINAR ZAMISTANPOOR HYDERABAD HYDERABAD HYDERABAD HYD 500020 HYD 500020 HYD 500020 ABIDS BRANCH ABIDS BRANCH ABIDS BRANCH MGL 115 MGL 116 MGL 118 SHIVA PRASAD MUTHINENI ETIKAALA VENKATESH KOTHAPALLI SATYANARAYANA 2-2-1167/11/A/3 TILAK NAGAR 5-1-74-VEERA BHRAMENDRA 3-5-1093/10/1 MUSHEERABAD NEW SWAMY NAGAR NEAR KAALI VENKATESHWARA COLONY NALLAKUNTA MANDHIR NARAYANGUDA HYDERABAD HYDERABAD BANDLAGUDA JAGIR HYD 500029 HYD 500044 RAJENDRANAGAR HYD 500086 ABIDS BRANCH ABIDS BRANCH ABIDS BRANCH MGL 119 MGL 129 MGL 130 KOTHAPALLI SATYANARAYANA HANSRAJ NAGIRI SOUJANYA 3-5-1093/10/1 5-1-51,SARDARJI