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Oceanography C 85L 73 LIBRARY JUL 2 r`1912 Marine Science Laboratory z5 Oregon State University Department of P.2 SC. OCEANOGRAPHY RESEARCH ACTIVITIES 1 October 1969 through SCHOOL OF SCIENCE 31 March 1970 Edited by OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY Beverly Knapp Progress Report 25 Reference 70-21 Department of Oceanography John V. Byrne School of Science Chair man Oregon State University Progress Report No. 25 RESEARCH ACTIVITIES 1 October 1969 through 31 March 1970 Edited by Beverly Knapp Office of Naval Research National Science Foundation NOOO 14-67-A-0369-0007 Grant GB5136 NOOO 14-67-A-0369-0001 Grant GB5494 NOOO 14-68-A-0148 Grant GA998 Grant GA1028 Atomic Energy Commission Grant GA1217 AT(45- 1)- 1750 Grant GA1210 Grant GA1246 Public Health Service Grant GA1250 ES 00026-06 Grant GA1281 Grant GA1252 National Aeronautic and Space Administration Grant GA1435 NGR 38-002-013 Grant GA1452 Grant GA15 71 United States Department of Interior Grant GA1618 FWQA WPO 1380-01 (N) Grant GA3990 FWQA WP 111-04 Grant GA15 89 FWQA 16070-EOK Grant GA 934 BCF 14-17-0002-333 Grant GA12113 Grant GB8761 United States Geological Survey Grant GA10051 14-08-0001-12187 Grant GA14201 Grant GA17282 Grant GA18348 Grant GA15926 United States Department of Commerce Grant GA 15 316 ESSA E-225-69 (N) Sea Grant GH 10 Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose of the United States Government Reference 70-21 July 19 70 TABLEOF CONTENTS RESEARCH ACTIVITIES Multidisciplinary Oceanography..................... 1 Physical Oceanography............................. 2 Geological Oceanography........................... 23 Geophysical Oceanography.......................... 34 Chemical Oceanography............................ 39 Radio ec ological Oceanography...................... 45 Biological Oceanography........................... 51 FACILITIES Marine Science Center............................. 59 Research Vessels................................. 59 New Oceanography Addition........................60 RESEARCH RELATED ACTIVITIES Staff Activities and Awards.........................64 Visiting Scientists ................................. 67 Degree Requirements Completed.................... 69 Publications ...................................... 71 Abstracts .........................................80 Papers in Press..................................82 R E S E A R C HA C T I V I T I E S MULTIDISCIPLINARY OCEANOGRAPHY The department has in the past reported itsresearch progress separated into the various scientificdisciplines.These often tend to be artificial boundaries as more andmore research activities involve sci- entists and techniques frommany areas of study. In an attempt to prevent repetition and redundency, this section called Multidisciplinary Oceanography will precede the othersections. Coastal Oceanography COOC Coastal Oceanography COOC is an interdisciplinary researchpro- gram for investigators to learn more about the interactions ofocean con- ditions, the pelagic food chain and albacoretuna off the Oregon Coast. Upwelling and the Columbia River plume, phenomena that dominatethe ocean off Oregon during the summer, receive special attention.This study consists of several interdependent projects.See also: Local Winds- Pattullo, Detweiler, page 9. Hydrography of Oregon Waters- Pattullo, Wyatt, Barstow, Gilbert, Washburn, Jones, page 20. Physical Oceanography of Shelf and Slope Waters- Pattullo, Pillsbury, Smith, Cutchin, Enfield, Huyer,page 22. Surface Seawater Characteristics During the UpwellingSeason (Heat Budget)- Pattullo, Evans, page 22. Coastal Oceanography- Gordon, Park, Alvarez-Borrego, Ball, Barstow, Gates, Roelofs, Tomlinson, page 40. Remote Sensing Oceanography- Pearcy, Keene, Mueller, Smith, page 53. Pelagic Fisheries Environment- Pearcy, Panshin, Gordon, Small, Curl, Wyatt, Mueller, Evans, Barstow, Smith, Keene, pages 57, 58. The 1970 COOC work will include:coordination with Albacore Central, joint cruise work with Remote Sensingoverflights, intensive analyses of spectral records (intensity wavelength400 to 700 µ) to deter- mine and establish signatures representative of chlorophylland other identifying characteristics of localwater. 2 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Atmospheric Effects on Incoming Solar Radiation Over Tropical Oceans - Quinn, Burt "Prediction of Abnormally Heavy Precipitation over the Equatorial Pacific Dry Zone, " was published in February in the Journal of Applied Meteorology. Solar radiation data are now being recorded at the tropical North Pacific sites:Johnston Island 16°45'N, 169°31'W, Majuro Atoll 7°05'N, 171° 23'E, and Kwajalein Atoll 8°501N, 167° 36'E.The official starting date was 1 February 1970, however, Majuro has been recording since 1 December 1969. A program has been developed through theNational Weather Records Center, Asheville, to obtain the necessary weather data in support of this project.ATS-I satellite pictures of the tropical Pacific, for the involved period, are being received through the courtesy of the National Environmental Satellite Center of ESSA. Development of Forecast Techniques for Wave and Surf Conditions over the Bars in the Columbia River Mouth and at the Entrance to YaquinaBay- Quinn, Neshyba, Burdwell Columbia River bar closure intervals (closure to shiptransport) for the period January 1963 through the present were obtainedfrom the Columbia River Bar Pilots Associationby Mr.N.Kujala.The synoptic weather patterns and deep water waves and swell which lead up toand cause these bar closures will be studied indetail in order to develop a predictionscheme.Mr. Dave Enfield, a student oceanographerwith meteorological training, will be working on the solution to thisproblem in his thesis research, The OSU buoy, TOTEM I, has now been instrumented so asto record deep water wave characteristics, and it is expectedthat such data should soon be available. Modification of Precipitation on the Oregon Coast -Elliott, Burt, Egami, Rossknecht, Ramsey (Statistics) During the winter, in addition to our regular rain gaugeoperation, we used a specially modified rain gauge.We were able to record approxi- 3 mately 0. 0002 inches of precipitation for a three-day storm in late Feb- ruary.Analyzing these data by complex demodulation is revealing the fine-structure of the rainfall patterns as well as such problems as 're- verse' aliasing of the data and the non-stationanity of the time series. A modified tipping-bucket rain gauge was installed on the TOTEM Buoy to be compared with rain gauges on the shoreline. We found con- siderably less rain at sea, as revealed in the Table below. We attempted to measure condensation nuclei at sea aboard R/V YAQUINA in January.Due to mechanical and weather difficulties only a few samples were taken but these indicated much less cloud-condensation nuclei than found on the Coast. TABLE I Period:1969-1970 22 Nov. to 10 Jan. to4 Feb. to 1 Mar. to 10 Jan. 4 Feb. 1 Mar. 6 Apr. Location: TOTEM 4.20 4.36 2. 56 2.54 Newport 18.08 17.06 7. 87 4. 79 Nehalem 18.35 28.08 7.54 10.03 Astoria 12.71 14.16 4.91 8.56 Otis 17.93 22.35 7.92 7.55 Corvallis 12.10 14.81 5.64 2.29 Wecoma Beach (gauge in Barrel) 7. 05 5.48 Rainfall (inches) at TOTEM and other selected sites during the period:22 Nov. 1969 to 6 April 1970. 4 Nuclei Measurementson the GLOMAR CHALLENGER -Elliott, Egami We were able to obtain permission to put an Aitken nuclei counter and a millipore filter system on boardthe GLOMAR CHALLENGER on its drilling cruises.ESSA personnel on board operate the equipment for us and send us the data and filters foranalysis. We havenot yet analyzed the filter data but we have found indicationsthat the Aitkennuclei counts at sea do show the influence of land out to several hundred miles. Model Study of Double Kelvin Waves- Caldwell We have obtained sequences of streak photographs of oscillatory modes trapped on the edge of a circular sill ina rotating basin.The dis- persion curve agrees well with Longuet-Higgins' calculations except at long wavelengths where the curvature of the sill is probably important. Two modes have been found, and possiblya third.The higher modes also follow the calculated dispersioncurve. EdgeWaves ina RotatingModel - Caldwell, Cutchin In order to investigate the modes of wave motion present on a shelf with an exponential depth profile,we have constructed a circular shelf with such a profile on the rotating table.Preliminary results show that the calculations of Buchwald and Adams, extended by Longuet-Higgins to non-zero divergence, predict the dispersion relation for the first and second modes quite well. Potential Temperature of Seawater- Caldwell, Culberson Recently it was discovered that convection is started in seawater initially at rest by finite-amplitude disturbances rather than infinitesimal perturbations (seePapers in Press, page 82 ).The temperature gradient in a layer of seawater can be dependentupon the history of the system, and can be a decreasing function of heat flow in certain regimes.Experi- ments are now under way to investigate this effect in pure water in order to understand its origin. Structure of Oceanic Currents- Sakou, Neshyba, Still, Gilbert An array of moored buoy stations has been established and is in operation for sensing oceanic currents over the continental slope off Ore- FIXED 40m NOV 1968DEC 11969JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV CURRENTMETER 1208Om m II CURRENTMETER40m80 m "1 120 m 1560000<RRx xI CURRENTMETER2 12080m40m m Lost duringI-?]I`? retrieval1 Lost during retrieval CURRENTMETER#3 120m40m80m r/777777771 CURRENTMOVABLE 40 m- METER#1 120m80M
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