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'•.-' Gilnan EaisC}; v--'*^*? ANO-OR COMMON
reservation ^LOCATION
STRtETi NUMBER __ 193? Vtect Gil-nan Banning^. 37th coot COUNTY CCOE California 06 Rl vqr.TJ^'5' 065 i: : ^CLASSIFICATION '.stir .*rrr+- |—1~"J ""•** **•*"•> I iVJ CATEGOaV OWNE'RSDIP STATUS DISTRICT _FL.'Bt!C UNOCCUPiEO _STR'JCTUPt — 80TH W03S IK PROGRFSJs £S!TE PU3LIC ACQUISITION ^ ACCESStBtE -OBJ6CT _IN PROCESS —YES RtSTR:CTEO 1L9EINC- CONSIDERED _YLS UNRESTRiCTtD —NO _MiUTARV WNER OF PROPER1Y
NAME J5KS Ai)C£0 J_;_ i' Lo raa.D. Eurgsss la C1 N» STREtlfc r4U H137 Cctt onv.-ood Re ad__ CITY. TOWN o Csliforrda a a ^LOCATION O? LEGAL DESCRIPTION COUPTMOUS6 Riverside County Recorder Office - Administrative Center STREET fcNUVBER KA- r««r 4080 Laraon Street > « in STATE Riverside California, HREPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TlTU Riverside County Historical Commission Survey: County. Landmark
196? _f EOEBAt —S1AT6 X-COUNTY _1OC*L jf 80"~ 3 IS •ccoao$ Riversid<3 ^unty_Parks_TJepartaeTit^^Historical..Cornaijq3i9n_Fil.g.a T70. Tsoxr 35Q7T~5l^Tfis3ion Boulevard s7*1* Pubidoux V( NT Ot I Hi INTI.R1OR FOR N?S«Sc ONLY ARK SERVICE • RECEIVED ^61 « 1 O» IHMMi OF r'SToaic PLACES NATIONAL PARK StRViCE DNAL REGISTER OF IlISTG^I C INVENTORY •- NOMINATION * - A'-ihNDMEN'T -
CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE
(1) NAME_ Amend historic name to read "Oilman Ranch" (instead of (Include:) "Gilnan Ranch House"). '' Location The Oilman Ranch, which includes th structures, is located immediately 16th and 20th Streets, in Banning, LMTKU STATE 'i LI P ARTV^M Oh I Ht INTLRlOR ? CONTINUATION SK£i CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE (Owner.of Property) (Existing Surv: The Gili- Albert R. Reck Point of 2372 Sunset Drive Kiverside, California 92506 C. Howard Goeppinger 5280 Stonowood Drive Biverside, California 92^06 Edward J. Goepp-inger 5H80 Stonevroocl Drive Eivsrside, California 92506 ^Nlii.UST.VihhSJ-.i'AlUMLMOl i Ht IN H.RtGR NAnOMAi.PA!^i:RVICE ,... - f~ ^- . t 7-> xr-,.--r.-"V-y> /•-•»»-? t-.ff-if-^r-^'-trj^ »VT A r*?7G i lO.VAL i-'ii\i.-j.L> Ai..-v O- iiiOi a v>~-».ji v- i"L%/i?. The Oilman Ranch House v/as designated as a California VERBAL BOUNDARY ^ Point ol Historical Interest (Riv-OOiO on Juse 2, The Oilman Ka California, I; Streets, T.3S longitude. LIST AUSTATt: FORM PREP A NAME/TITLE John P, Brur?.- Riverside Ko: STBEtT J. NUMBtH 3720 Orange : CUt OR TOWN Riverside HISTC TH NATIONAL. AsthedesignatBtJ Stole h hereby nominate U»s P"- crrtena and procedures si* ______^ ^Stat TOftHPSUSTOJvLV :'-• ! Hi: Ril'i v OlFtVirY't'p r-r SIGNIFICANCE CCrJDiTiCM CHICK ONE ARllASOFSiCNif £XCELUNT _PREHISTOR'C REMiSTORiC _COMMON "r GOOD —.1400-1433 _ ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC _ UNi'X POSED —CONSttVAl; —1500.1639 _£CONOViC3 '—-——-—•——————DESCRIBE FHSPHESENTAKD ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL, APPEARANCE __1GOO-1699 ^ARCHITECTURE —EOUCATlOfJ The Gilaan Ranch originally comprised nore than 500 acres of land, —1700-US9 _-ART r'l-oreon Gilraaa produced, a variety cf grain and nut and fruit crops, in addition 5Ll 800-1899 _COMMEftCE to~raising~horses, -nigs, ana cattle. The Ranch House was the family'residence —1900 —COMMUNICATIONS arc* headquarters for the entire ccrr.plex. V.'itnin the immediate vicinity stood a SPECIFIC DATES 1879- STATEMEN.TCF SIGNIFICANCE (* _ located on % orn which was probably constructed in the early 190G's. Only a fraction of the -ririnLl" •acreage still remains, together with some citrus, fig, and olive trees. The Oilman Ranch House (ori : "~ Tha original house structure, built in l3?9 j v/a~ a board and batten which it occupies have fundamental si cctta f-e and was a cne-s>ory, three-roc* structure. It has a low ceiling and is San Gorgonio Pass area of Kiverside Co ^ct ^ra:Ud with regular studding, fharo is one original Drick chinney v;ith stove iiistorical periods designated by the t tir;T owning which is still in use by the present occupant. This nov; comprises . (a) Recent Indian ilra, t-= ro?.r area of the hone and contains the dining room, stair hall, and kitchen. (b) .Hispanic ^riki Mexic M coxe later tine .there was an addition, to the roar of this structure and. an (c) Americaa I-'ra, 3.3^8- (d) Americsn Era, Post a;S:itior. to the east end of the present dining room. Indian settlement occurred t About 3.863, a rr.ore inassivs'Victorian front structure was added to the located on the -site being nc5jln,-t8u a; <-o':Vi si-Je of ths original building. This contains 3 roorr.j on the first floor— discovered here indicate that this *.va-; \ csdroozs and a larg^ living ro.oa with a fireplace. . The second floor contains permanent villaga of several lineages, '•- '?•-.: ^11 tedroc-s v;ith-a central i-all between pairs. The second floor has slanted food resources, jmd is near the a'oorir: .-ils'v-ith-t-^o c.G^^'r \vindows in each room. The exterior shov/s a hip roof between Srutherr. California and Arise:' :.ita dormer windows on th-s .second floor. The consoles and cornice v.-ork are^atill of the Pans area v/as part of the San > . ::t,-,nt.' The wood detailed siding and door and window trim (plain) are in fair ranch of the Mission Saa Gabriel. Iiu •:;.n-rition. The double hung one light rindow sash still rosain, as do the t-,vo claimed by—but never formally grantee light tran^osie cv«r xhe front entrance door. two Anglo settlors. These r.en seem to Circa 1922- the porch surrounding 5 sides of the house v/as replaced along area on the basis of hOitiestead, or sou T.ith the front door by an almost California bungalow style porch. Electricity In the early'1850'c, Jose PC r?.3 added, and the living rooa fireplace mantle v.-as changed to a'plaster and • adobe house*—Banning's "first porraan trick design. Hardrood floors were added, probably at this tiae; and, judging Bannin^y-ifiar where the present uilma; cv ths columns in the dining room, it seems as though the east extension was vicinity passed frbti Popa to a cheep : c-dced at this time. The t>orch, v:hich consists of a concrete lov.- dLvicing wall sold it the following year to fietiton I jcinsd to the base of the" columns and wood ^square psis of columns above, has a stoca i-ito the early 19CO's—and ccnv.-- shingle rocf and covers 3 sides of the house (west, south front, and east;. The important Br-adshaw Road* ran ^ithi !h-» rear r-orticn of the house is of board and batten construction, vdth no site—this v/as a aajor artery of trav- Tha windows and Los Angelos in the i860 1 a. The :J at the adobe in 1863. jaTte? 'MarGhall Oilngn (d. 19 kitchen stove. The roof is wood shingle with th'o exception of the flat deck after emigrating from New Hanpshire to on the sain section of the house. Tne rear section o.p the roof consists, of a which included the former Indian habit gable and soine ched areas. . A year later (18700 he married Martha : Summary: The design of the house is a good example^of a California the first Anglo settlers in the area. Victorian ranch house development, combining two sta^^s of tiae and land, otherwise undeveloped, but liilna at"fluency. The rear portion (original) is a basically utilitarian he opened the first General store in t structure and the addition is a more luxuriously proportioned structure. construction of the original section 0- In sum, it is quite typical of California ranch house.devolopaeat, and is expanded and modified, this dwelling i- perhaps or.3 of tho finest examples in Riverside County, ns -well as the bast ranch house in that area, and is one c: in the San Gorgonio Pass region. \ architectural style in Kiverside Count T. (See continuation sheet) V>-3QOa UNIThD STATUS DLPARTMtNT Ot THL INTLRIOk IfORN'fSUSKONLY LNlli-.DSTATl.s NATIONAL PARK SERVICE N RECEIVED MAR 3 1375 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES 2 S NATIONAL EEC • INVENTORY "NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED INVENTOR. CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE CONTINUATIONS; (Description) (Ovmer of Albert R. The Riverside County Parks Department hopes to acquire 2372 Sunr the Gil.-aan Ranch House and approximately 80 acres of' land Kiversicl- which surround it and contain the Indian site and spring, the site of the adobe stage station, and nuch of th3 area used by the Gilnans for agricultural purposes. At present, C. Ho war-. the property is ow.od by persons who intend to develop the area for a housinj development, and there is a very real 5280 Sto threat to- the historical integrity of this important house Riversi^, and area. Should acquisition be possible, it is intended to restore the housa to its original condition, rebuild the adobe structure which served as a v;ay station on the Bradshaw Edward J, Road (which ran immediately by the Oilman House), and establish 5280 Sto an historical rark with.'living history in order to. make the Riversid place accessible to'the•public and interpret it and the Pass area with reference to east-west travel-in the aid-19th century and the development of this portion of what is now Riverside County. Hopefully, the orchards will be restored and put into operation and the complex of historical activities which occurred on and near the sito will once more coae alive. Note: The architectural analysis of the Gilraan House was made by F. Carl Fowler, Restoration Specialist, Riverside Municipal Museum, 3720 Orange Street, Riverside, California, 92501. PERIOD AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE -- CHECK AND JUSTIFY 3-.i —COMMUNITY PLANNING _ LANDSCAPE At'.CHlTECTUflE _.R£UGlC;-{ .PREHISTORIC _ARCN£CUJ<;r-PREHISTOr --SCULPTURE — EDUCATION —MILITARY -j-tO.C' * L/ HU v. AMTAF.LA M (CAL APPEARANCE ..1COO 1699 ^ARCHITECTURE _V700-1799 __AR1 _ ENGINEERING — MUSiC —THEATER _ PHILOSOPHY i.500 acr-2s of land, -.1800-1893 —COMMERCE ILEXPLORATION'SETTUMCHT -Jl'rRANSfGKTATJGH ! fruit crops, In audition J£l»OUTlCS.'GOvSnNMENT MOTHER is-co''-^ -1900 —COMMUNICATIONS —INDUSTRY was the family residence —INVENTION Ci vie Development .-.mediate vicinity stood a •d the saddlery, granary, ?y coop, a wash house, SPECIFIC DATES l8?9- BU1LD2R/ARCHITECT it r oviains is fee house, .khce.33, and a'cement-walled STATEMENT OF SiGNlHCANCE (* = located ^on^thg _ site'beint; r.orr.lnaia jj. s." Or.ly a traction of the The'Gil-nan Ranch House (original structure, l3?9) and the land rus, fig, and olive trees, is a beard and battan which it occupies have fundamental significance for the history of th3 :t has a low ceiling and is San Gorgonio Pass area of Kiverside County, and pertain to thr f ~" sal orick chinmey with stove historical periods designated by the California History Plan: ipant. This now comprises (a) Recent Indian Era, 1-18^8 A.D. i"t -stair hall, and kitchen. (b) HlKtianic Era; Mexico, 1823-3.3^3. (c) American Era, l3i;8-1900. >f this structure and an (d) American Era, I'o.st 1900. Indian settlement occurred around o natural spring* r/hica is jctt'je was added to the located on the site being nominateu and which still flown. Artifacts . roc=a 'on the first flod'r— discovared here indicate that this v;as probably the location of a larje, The second floor contains permanent village of several lineages. The location pro v id 0-3 vvat-^r ana i'ha second floor bas.slanted food resources, and is near the aboriginal trade rout a, through the Pas**-, rior shows a hip re-01 betvvoen Sr'jtharr, California and -Arizona. During the he.ricaa Period, raost "'He cornice y/orLi are still of the- Pace area v/as part of .the San Gorgonio Rancho, th-2 :-:ost di;-:t-xnt cattl-5 trii (plain) are in fair ranch of the Mission San Gabriel. Initially a nission rancho-, it v/as I:\t3r 11 remain, as do the two clai:.:-3d by—but never formally granted to—Isaac V/iliia;:3 arid Paulina Vi3avei% 9 house was replaced along two Anglo settlers. These nan seem to haveeeta'olished possession of this style porch. Electricity area on the basis of homestead, or squattor, rights. ' Ranged to a planter and In the early 1850'e, Jose Pope, nayordcao for V/illicur-s, erected en t this tisa; and, judging adobe house*—Banning«s "first poraanent landmark" (Tom Hushes, i' ;j3t°H:'^rX the cast extension was .Banning)— n^ar where the present liilrnan House now stands. Ownership, of "ch-s oncreto lo? dividing wall vicinity passed fron Popa to a sheep nan named Chapin in 1862, a.nd'th-3 latter .of coluans above, has a sold it the following year to ftewton Koble. Noble lived in the adobe—vh.ich- suth front,- and east), stooa iuto the early 1900's—and converted the structure into a sta.Te stos. construction, with no The important Bradshaw Eoad* ran within a short distance of tl^ Gil ::aa Ho'uso the originals. Tha windows site—this was a major artery of travel between the gold fields in Arizona aatch the cain part of the and Los Angeles in the 1860's. The first post office in the Pa-d1 --33 ors^d fireplace and one for the at the adobe in 1868. . * - '- eption of the flat deck James Marshall Gilaan (d. 1916) arrived in California in 1.869, .t the roof consists of a after emigrating fr.oia New Hampshire to Oregon, and acquired Ivaol6 T 3 lar.d, - which included the former Indian habitation site an>i the adobe sta^e stop. ".pie of a California A year later (18?0) he Harried Martha Smith, daughter' of Isaac S;sith, one of ss of tiae sj&d tne first Anglo settlers in the area. At that time the lan-1 was ncroly ,-rasira y -utilitarian land, otherwise undeveloped, but uilaan would soon develoo tho area. In"'l371/ •oitioned structure, he opened the first general store in the Pass* and in l8?9 he c on/a e need developaent, and is construction of the original section of the Gilman Ranch House,* Subasousntly y, *s veil as the bast expanded and modified, this dwelling is still occupied, was the first Victoria: ft?*:?*. * se ^ ^hat area ' and is oa9 of the finest exaia-oles of this Ion ehest) architectural style in iUverside County. . * s : (See continuation eheet) xs,. F^rrr, Ho - th«v. 10-741 UMTl.D STATUS FJLPARTMLNT 01 THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY UNlVhD STATUS DtPART NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATiONAL FV- RECEIVED f^£ 3 1976 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NATIONAL REGISTER DATE ENTCflED______INVENTORY •- NOMINATION FORM INVENTORY-NO CONTINUATION SHEET. ITEM NUMBER PAGE CONTINUATION SHEET (Statement of Significance) (Statenent of Signific; While living in this residence, Oilman maintained the adobe house, used formerly by t-ioble, as a stage -stop along the Bradshaw Road. Here, travelers could refresh themselves, This murder •. obtain meals and water, and purchase items in the general off one of t: store, a wooeen building which stood nearby. history, and Starting his enterprise as a cattle ranch, Oilman Gradually Willie- Boy i- switched to dry farming of barley, wheat, and oats, and later cultivated orchards o.f such crops as almonds, apricots, oranges, prunes, s.nd olives, v/hich l: CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE CONTINUATION (Statement of Significance; This murder was committed near the ranch house* and set off one of the moat dramatic manhunts in Southern California the history, and inspired the later notion picture, Tell -Them whic "/illio I'oy is Here. the the Summary; The Oilman ranch house and the land it occupies are have great relevance, whether direct or tangential, to a thr variety of historical eras and events, snd is of especial and importance for the history of the San Gorgonio Pass region re;- of Kiverside County. Oilman, moving west from IJew Hampshire auc. ' in the niid-19th century, came to Southern California, purchased PC.-. land which contained a former Indian habitation site, Harried an : the daughter of the first .Anglo settler (permanent) in the pla Pass (Taaac Smith), became one of the first permanent are Anglo ranchers in the area, and maintained the stage stop cen 1. along the famous Bradshaw Road, which ran through the site Fiv being nominated. Constructing one of the first Victorian and style ranch houses in the area—and the best there which now act: exists—he was a leader in agricultural and horticultural developments and a raajor figure in civil and political affairs as well. Many of his descendants, were prominent in local affairs, headed by M. French Oilman, whose activities Not- and talents were of local and national significance. Thus, in terms of its own history, house architecture, occupants, mad- and their economic and political importance for the area, Mun: the Oilman Sanch House site is nominated for the National Cal:i Register. Vr:/ro No '.#-3CQa >V- V-3CC-S •A.,v '.0-74; . 10-74; UNHhD STATUS DLPARTMLNT OMUL INI t.KIOR FORNPSUSECNLV LMll.DblA NATIONAL PARK StfiVlCF. 1'576 RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF IHSTO3IC PLACES DATE €N NATIONAL 1 2 8 INVENTORY- NOMINATION FORM INVENTl - AMENDMENT. - -AMENDMi;\i CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 4 CONTINUATIOV (8) Significance (10) An additional 124 . acres of land, part of the original once- a. Amer extensive Gilnian Ranch, is desired to be included in this mate Nat ion a1 Register nomination, in addition to that previously nominated, to nalce a total of approximately 126 acres. On b. "Vej this property James Marshall Gil-nap, grew extensive olive en orchards, much of which still ren-.ain, the fruit from which The was cured and. marketed. On the rest of this portion he first acr raised cattle and; subsequently, such crops as apricots, grapes, fie and alnonds. Her-? also was his dry-yard and sulphur house, for ing curing fruit, and the car/track system for carrying the sulphur- (Ri treated fruit therefrom to the waiting wagons. Here, Indian thi and Anglo-American ranch hands worked with Gilraan to pick, slice, abo\ cure, and prepare fruit for market and domestic consumption, eit; (See attached Sketch Map for detail) . nor bou The Bradshaw Road (described j.n Item 8, p.l, p.2., p.3) ran are through this property in•an east-west direction, and over this and trail passed travelers moving between the Colorado River and Los Angeles fro:n 1862 into the early 1900 r s, stopping at the Oilman Stage Stop (the adobe) on the way and often purchasing items from his general store. Since an over-flowing spring exists on the property, this was an ancient Indian habitation site. From the mid-19th century, however, periodic flooding and extensive horticultural and farming have obliterated any remaining evidence thereof. There is no remaining specific area identifiable as a habitation site. .Vi]O:l Ei-sLIOGilAPIIICAL REFERENCES U>Ki-verside County Historical ^.HtZ> PP. 22-23; (b) Tom Hughes, __.._- J;2£2 (Banning, 1938), (c) olr'.^r ._._._._...______.__ iLoa Angeles, 1912), py>. ; (d) John R. Gabbert, History_____ „ _ t£ (Riverside, 1935), pp. 5o£-50dj (e) Harry Lawtoa, ^l-JlJl0.! (Balboa Island, California, 19&0), passim; If) Gilnaa Papers, irj^uilJ^ilas^U^^—Sj»2a—*-'=.i>-i.-t.-i—————...... _ ._ JGEGGRAPKICAL DATA ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY acres UTM REFERENCES f x . V LLx. ZONE EAST-NG ZONE EASTING NORTHiKG -L_J- til. LLJ. VERBAL 3OUiNDARY DESCRiPliON iifornia The Gilsi'an i LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPER TIES OVERLAPPING STATE Ofli COUNl'V SOUNOAHif S STATE CODE COUNTY , - CODE STATE '. ' '. CODE COUNTY *~~ ! COtS 1?ORM PREPARED BY : •; : , L : .: John R. Sra-nagrcit, Riverside: County Historian -... /-'* -V.- ir . Hiversids Kunicirsal Museum December la, 1975 . : Orange Street •(71k)- 707-7273/7274 crvo* TOWN 2 HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER CERTIFICATION THE EVALUATED SIGNiFiCANCt OF TH!S PROPERTY WITHiN THS-.STATE IS: NATIONAL__ STATE___ As tho designated State Historic Preservationi Ofi'cct tor the N anonil! HisJofic PiesefvaTiort A ct ct J368 sPjtxic Law 83-665). < hereby nommete this property for inclusion in th& f4anonal Hoqistsr an DATE TITLE State Historic Preservation Cfficar UNllKDSTATLS DtP.ARTMtNT Ol THLINThRlOR FOR NFS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED Al,G i 2 1976 NATIONAL REGISTER OF KISTOIUC PLACES INVENTORY.-NOMINATION FO3M DATf ENTERED -AMENDMENT - CONTI NUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 10 PAGE 2 (10) a. Amend "Acreage of Nominated Property" to read: Approxi mately 126 acres. b. "Verbal Boundary Description" -- Amend this to read: The irregularly-shaped Oilman Ranch property (about 126 acres), including remaining structures, orchards, and fields, lies within a rectangular portion of land measur ing about 4000 feet by 2650 feet in Banning, California (Riverside County, T3S, R1E). The southern boundary of this rectangular area parallels Wilson Street, running about 2650 feet frora 16th Street to Sunrise Avenue. At either end the eastern and v/estern boundaries extend due north for about 4000 feet, where they meet the northern boundary, running east-west about 2650 feet. The entire area lies immediately northwest of the junction of Wilson and 16th Streets. M,/- Nil -Oh! AILS TTrPARTVl-NTOFTHt INTERIOR :, vn_>f '.x'_ PA!";* SERVICE £>^ Harry Lawton, maa Papers, SLC IfiST.^UCTlOuS Ki /VOW T'J CC:,--ii'L*7£ i<:A7;O: .'-'.„ /. ______TYPE ALL. HNTRi^S -- COMPLETE APPL 8 ^BI.EJ?: •NAME H1STORIC Gilr-an Ranch J-t-U^J AMD/OB COMMON RTH(HG ^LOCATION inning, STREET & NUMBER i and 16th 1937 West Gilnan Street —NOT FOR "ij B:innin> CODE On 3OUNDARIJ.S ^CLASSIFICATION CODE CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS _D!STRiCT _PUBUC —OCCUPIED —EUlLDINfjlS) —UNOCCUPIED —STRUCTURE —WORK IN PROGRESS PUEUC ACQUlSmON ACCESSIBLE _fitUG!OUS _!H ACCESS 5tvES RESTRICTED &OV£P'4MtNT J£BE!M3 CONSIDERED — YES UNRESTRICTED INDUSTRIAL 12, 1975 —NO MIUTA»Y -7273/72?!* .OWNER OF PROPERTY Frailly J. and Lorna D. Bur go 33 'ION STR£E*«i NUMBER 213? Cotton*ood Road STATE VJCINITY o'- California iPubtw: Ls«89-865)."!" [f LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE, BEG1STRYOfot:£CiS- FTC Riverside County Recorder Office ~- Adffiiniatrativa Center STREET & UUMBEH JtOjBOf Lemon Street S*AT€ y|REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE ,______Riverside County Historical Coianissioo Surveyt County Landmark DATE *• -JSTATf Riversida County parks Depirtzaent, Historical CosEiesion I CiTY. T.;iv 31 3 £? O 5 I P L L.!... L-MH-.D STATUS Ul.PAKTV.fcNT Ot Tilt JNTI.RIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATiC'., NATIONAL REGISTER OF 1HSTQ21C PLACES NATIONAL EEC'S'; INVENTORY « KOMIKATION FOHM The GilTvun R.inch Report The Oi By, Dr. John R. Brurcgardt By, Dr. CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE CONTINUATION SHEET The Gilinan Bacch, in Banning, California, has great relevance, whether erly through *he *>a;; direct or tangential, to a variety of historical eras and events in Southern northward reward whr. California, and is of especial importance for the history of the San Gorgonio has made an extensiv Paea region of Riverside County. Although the burning of the Victorian-style was for centuries c: ranch house, in Karch 1977» removed one prominent feature from' the site, tha land. ert hinterlanic of r area itself and the other remaining historical structures are actually of greater described it was pr. significance.for the early history of the Pass and ranch. the river at its po: Th<5 natural, ever-flowing water which still graces tha site was present The Native Arcer before white men entered the area and was apparently a primary a'traction for extensive trail sv.-r Indian settlement. The spring had --.he added virtue of being located on tha prin deserts of 1775-177 cipal aboriginal trade route between Southern California and Arizona, and those Sant<* Ana River, Inr living there had convenient access to mountain food resources in warm weather ^nd Indiana did carry r..; to desert sources during winter months. in 1821 for the rail: Aboriginal trail systems for travel, hunting, and trade were distributed the couriers in asv« throughout Southern California, and evidence of cany etill remains in what is now did the Native An-.er; Riverside County. Three and possibly four main trunk trails connected the Colo it was to 'William D. rado River with other trails in Arizona and extended west ward to the Pacific ancient Indian trail ers frons }x>s Angeles Ocean. That with which we are directly concerned, with reference to the San Gorg ona, under th-3 desi onio Pass and th«j Gilaan Ranch, coaiaenced at a ceremonial site near tha Colorado River, at the eastern extreaity of present Riversida County, and stretched west-. "Francis J. Jch 1977)» 39. Cor.y en: Ibid,, 69-91. ^Riverside County Historical Commission, Landaarka of Biveraide County. versivfc. 15,53) t 22. —————— ~ —————— ———2't LMlhUSTAU.SDli'ARlMLM Oi IHt IN11.R1OR f." ; ^ v ' ' •""" ' "-"• :"' " ' ' NATIONAL PARK SERVICE . ; . NATIONAL REGISTER OF HIOTO^IC PLACES \ . INVENTORY-NOMINATION FO2M . L~-——••-—-'--—-——-- The Gilrian Ranch Report By, Dr. John P. Bruragardt CONTINUATION SHEET______ITEM NUMBER______PAGE 3______ erly through *he nastern desert, Coachella Valley, tha San Gorgoaio Pass, than northward reward what is now San Eernardino. According to one hir.toriaa, who has rcaide an. extensive study of Indian trail systems in Southern California, this was for centuries probably "the cost important single nystem'connecting the des ert hir.terlaa.1s of California and Arizona with the coastal beaches. In the area described it was primerJ 1./ a Cahuilla trail although tha Halchidhoma controlled the river at its point of inception and it was also traveled by tha Haricopa." Th^ Native Americans were not eager to inforn intruding white- men of their extensive trail systesi. Father Francisco G.srces, during his journey into ths d9fi«rts cf 1775-1776, learned of a trail from the Coloz-ado River westward to the Santa Ana River, but no.one sterns to have offered to take him over it. Kariccpa Indians did carry nail over this trail from Tucson to the Kiss'i.or. £an Gabriel in 1821 for the military cc^nv.-.ndant at Tucson, but the use was only sporadic and the couriers in any case wer3 Indian, Not until the early l860's, it appears, did the Native Americans fully describe tha route to a white man, and this tiraa it was to William I>. Bradshaw, why they did this is not clear. However, the ancient Indian trail soon thereafter became a high-use route for As&rican travel ers fron Ix>s. Angeles and points north, to the recently-opened gold fields in Aria- ^" ; • 3 '- •- ona, under th.; designation, "Ths Eradshaw Trail."' Francis J. Johnaton, The Bradahaw Trail; ^jr^tLv^ and Kates (Riverside, 1977)« 89. Copy enclosed for complete infortr»ation. 'ibid,, 69-91. - -j-ouiKf'-ii '.>-•»„. . r^ia, ar;i **-s* ?s~orpin;- pc^st along the route was that location which later t>ec.*a* the Gilssan "Ranch. Although no village establishment s-eeta .c have been present when white intrusion occurred, the clsice was Io~i ;";".1,> arri irjwir^'. :-ly vi-oa a£ * ixacitatier* site for -^uite scso ti'Te, Th* lacK cf visic.c hab^t^t.cr, a*. t.~e tize of white 33ttie->»r.t. in Calif- operated cy tr.e M.^^lcn _...-. Vjv."i:.^. !'^ry ; it ,-.-.j Americans did not wisn to fall art icr the influence of * ".' r^nr.icn :'I'/'-.-rr ur : "o r;cvei away fros t:\eir tradi- :•: 1 • vuntcii-fis in order to sa\'-;* then:— •-;/t':-j under raisnicn authci'ity* That this also may r/ive been prior to this tire, ho*€7f-. ').?•. pres- . -!'"•_. ^r.:; *,'rle water, natural riant a.r.4 animal foci rejo.-ircec, ani r?i..;iv./l^ -r^=a loca..ion rr::i.;e this a:, attractive living area, eini t..e c tioa of -iiier. .ur.^. .il^s^vered artifacts i-i.catea that thi3 was probably t..e location cf '.> r-.r-r. ,n.-;at -.'illi~? f;r sover-i lineages. Probablv the najor portion of artifacts — sart^trs, estates, tools, etc. — are 'now lost. Marian Hunt, gran.iaugnter of Jx-rtss Ilarsrall -Jilissui, founder of the- ranch, i-ecali^ hew, when a young girl, ohe and relatives located such items Joss along the etreaipbsd ar.i how foci proceaaicg tcsls «-t: s frequently turned up in tfooc. the scil by plow blade s. "Vil ii^f fjo-.r.ctes at end of text.) orm No 10 30Qa Hsv 10-74) INlllDSVAHSDLPAKTVLNTOHHi INTKRIOR LMl hD ST.YI L b DH* ARTMLN 1 <„ NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL PARK SER. NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PI-ACES NATIONAL REGISTER O? ? INVENTORY-NOMINATION FORM INVENTORY-NOMIN • The Oilman Ranch Report The Gilnan Ran... By, Dr. John R. Brurcgardt By, Dr. John R. CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE __CO_NTI NUAT1QN SHEET An archaeological survey report by Larry L. Bowles, Riverside County Archaeolo ... Herds of antelope were f: gist, of July 1977 states that; ...Game of various kinds abo~ A surface reconnaissance of the immediate area around the Gilnan Houeo (site) located an archaeological site just to the north of the stream lions to(o)." Pope brought :, from the spring (sse sketch nap for location). This P.roa io planted with olive trees anil also supports a fairly heavy, growth of native veg erected an adobe building whl etation. Surface evidence consists of hawser stones, flukes, cores,• fragments of rotates, nuinoa, and core scrapers. Bradshaw Trail and as Gilnan' c Just south of the stream and east of the Gilnan house (site) is an area landmark. This structure r of darlt soil which is probably a midden dsposit. No artifacts were fcand in this area, however the ground cover is eo heavy thut'it is vir- archaeology, now being arrur '•tually impossible to-see the surface. A similar lick of artifact/I hie sions for reconstruction in . b'..>en noted on other midden sites in Southern California arid m.r.iy repre sent a natural stute or it may represent heavy collecting by artifact hunters. Ownership of this vici: It is highly probable that the two areas represent one site, tha north history only as Chapin. Al being a food processing and manufacturing area, and the soutn tha hab itation site. driver along the Bradshaw 1: The total extent and depth of the site is not known. Additional survey retained the name of "Chapir and testing will be necessary to define the areal extent and temporal placement of this site. It may represent the western edge of the pass Gilnan in 1369. Cahuilla territory, however several ethnologists have placed the Ser- Gilnan, a native of Her rano in this area in late prehistoric tiroes. The resolution of this question must wait for definitive archaeological studies of sites in arriving in San Francisco i: this border area. he apparently had no intere Most likely this spring has served as a habitation site and a stopping place for travelers"for many thousands of years. Extensive slope wash * army and vas, instead, atto has buried evidence of all but the most recent evidentiary elements. On January 28, 1863, he rec< Originally part of the San Gorgonio Rancho, a holding of the San Gabriel saying he "thought I had be Mission, that area which became the Oilman Ranch was first settled on in 1851* by school, Oilman, with assis-, Jose Fope, nsayordomo for Isaac Williams, who with Pauline Weaver and Wallaoe father's wishes and arrived Woodruff claieed the raacho after the end of Mexican rule*7 During this period, id not etav -1 "Wild graeaee covered plains from (present day) Banning to (what is now) Beaumont UMTt.DST ATI-S DEPARTMLNTOt THt.INTt.RlOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NATIONAL E! INVENTORY •- NOMINATION FORM INVENTO; The Oilman Ranch Report Ey, Dr. John R. Brurr,gardt CONTINUATION1 SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE 6 CONTINUATION ... Herds of antelope were frequently seen, and grizzly bears were quite coraon. Joseph H. Fr, : ...Game of various kinds abounded and besides bears, there were many mountain Wholesale Dea", lions to(o)." Pope brought a herd of cattle to this location in 185** and aleo aire, wrote ; erected an adobe building which, subsequently serving as a stage stop along the to pay all tr Bradshaw Trail and as Gilnan's first residence, was Banning's first peradtnent to San Franc: o landmark. This structure has disappeared, ^ut the site is known and historical New York thre>. archaeology, now being arranged, will.determine its precise location aai dimen Travelir. sions for reconstruction in accordance with historical photographs. orniu for Ore Ownership of this vicinity subsequently passed from pope to a ir-an knovm to "Dallas City" history only as Chapin. Although it was later purchased by Kawtoa. Noble, sta£Q later he lef. driver along the Br-dshaw Trail and onetirae sheriff of San Bernardir.o County, it a cattle ranc retained the name of "Chapin*s sheep ranch" until purchased by James Marshall Gilroy to S^r. Giloan in 1369. April 1869, v, Gorgonio Pass. Gilrsan, a native of Meredith, New Hampshire, came to California in 1863. to S-in Bernar arriving in San Francisco in the spring of that year. Although twenty years old, between thott- he apparently had no interest in supporting the Union war effort by joining the covered in v. army and was, instead, attending school, studying rhetoric and trigonometry, ttirough-rout.-: On January 28, l863» he received a letter from his well-to-do father, in Meredith, ent-day Blyt:. saying he "thought I had bectt-r come hofae." Although he was hesitant to leaves coach in Los school, Gilraan, wi»-h assistance of fifty dollars from his parents, followed his contact with father's wishes and arrived home on February 26, 186J. quent hietor;-' Gilaan did not stay long with his family. His brother, Granville, who with L MlhD STATUS DL.P AKTMLNI Of THb IN FtRlOR f UNHID STATIC NATIONAL PAfcK SERVICE j N '- NATIONAL REGISTER O? KISTO1IC PLACES \ NATIONAL EEC INVENTORY» NOMINATION FORM L- INVENTOR The Gilcan Fanch Report By, Dr. John R. Erursgardt E: CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE 7 CONTINUATIONS Joseph H. French owned the San Francisco firm of "French & Oilman, Importers and Oilman visited : Wholesale Dealers in '.Vines & Liquors," and was apparently at one tine a million diary) that he j aire, wrote repeatedly, urging hii- to come to California. Granville offered and was impress? to pay all travel costs, including James' journey to New York and ship's passage Noble's land. '; to San Francisco. James decided to eo, left Meredith on April 23, arrived in stock and irrig• New York three days later, and took ship for San Francisco* "on the road" L Traveling with a friend, by the name of French, Gilaan soon departed Calif Sin Bernardi.no ; ornia for Oregon, where the tvo established the firni of "French 2c Gilr.uui'1 at intention to t. "Dallas City" (The- Dalles) and engaged in local mercantile trade. Six years the stage drive later he left Oregon and returned to California with intentions of establishing to buy the land a cattle ranch. Traveling about the state, he visited locations ranging fro:n horses and cat' Gilroy to Sun Diego, but remained undecided until arriving at S^ Bernardino in it.1* April 1869, where he learned that Newton Noble had a ranch for sale in the San Oilman an i Gorgonio pass. Noble, a stage driver, probably carried Oilman from Lcs Angoles April and the I to San Bernardino along the Bradshaw Trail, which WAS the usual route of travel the anioals, a? between these points. At the time, and since 1862, when'new gold fields were dis Hay **, he gave covered in western Arizona and along the Colorado River,this was the principal executed on Haj through-route from Los Angeles and points north to the river crossing near pres Government land ent-day Blythe and points east. Oilman, therefore, apparently boarded the stage about one mile coach in Los Angeles for transportation to San Bernardino and hence came into of land and her contact with Noble, a circumstance which had significant impact upon the subse settled by Jos-- quent hittory of settlement and developoett in the San Gorgonio Pass. later proved to LNH l.USTATUS I)t PMUMfcM Ol THK INTERIOR [ KATiONAL PARK SERVICE j UMILD SI NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES i INVENTORY - NOMINATION FO3M . l- NATIONAL The Gilfiin Ranch Report INVENT By, Dr. John S. Brursgardt CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER CONTIMUATi' Gilman vi.->ited Noble 1 a ranch on April 2J, 18&9. Although admitting (in his 1 East, Sx' diary) that he knew nothing about cattle or ranching, he noted t:;at he could learn government and was impressed by the "good stock range" and "splendid spring of water" on it once EC: Noble's land. Grass, then, was available for the livestock, while water for both title as *.'•; stock and irrigation purposes was available. This place, he noted, was the best tion 8, To "on the road" and G.-« H he could "keep thousands of stock." Gilraan returned to erty. 15 c- 3-m Earnardir.o but came back the next day to Bae the ranch again, noting his eels, but . intention to buy it if Noble was ctill willing to coll. As a matter of '''act, homestead the stage driver seemed a bit reluctant, and Gilmn became increasingly anxious still re-a to buy the land. Cn. April 2?. he noted that the ranch was eaid to contain both DeEi-i horses and cattle, ?>nd that his brother, Granville, had adviaod him to pure ha s« the ranch it. 15 He .was inv Gilraan and Noble soon cante to an agreenent, for bv the latter days of Diary ent; April and the beginning of May Gilman was helping to round up the stock, count ninety-tv the animals, arrange for his own brand, and prepare for forail purchase. On and a "3;- Kay 4, he gave Noble SJCXX) "by draft on French & Gilman" and actual pare ha so was the ranch executed on Hay 8, Noble selling to Gilaan "that certain possessing claim en furnished Government land situated in the San Uorgoaio Pass in £an B^rnardinG County, and thus about one mile west of Antonio Creek, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres The ' of land and heretofore known as 'Chapin's sheep ranch* originally located and in Buncos 1^ settled by .Jose Pope, and also &11. th* improvements t;>jreoa." T'nia parcel the Aast/ri later proved to be the Southeast quarter of Section 5, Township 3 South, Range lowing yt' UNnLDSTAILSUt-.PARTMl.Nl Ol TMt.INll.KIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HIGTG-UC PLACES INVENTORY-NOMINATION FG3M The Oilman Rar.ch Report By, Dr. John R. Brurcgarut CONTINUATION SHEET rEM NUMBER PAGE 9 draittins (in his 1 East, San Eernardino Meridian, It was subsequently granted by the United States rted t:At he could learn govarnment to the Southern Pacific Railroad, and Gilnr-in was compelled to purchase spring of water" en it once core frore that organization. However, he subsequently acquired clear while water for both title as well as possession of the west one-half of the northeast quarter, Sec ie noted, was the bast tion 8, Township 3 South, Range 1 East, which lay due south of the first prop 1 Gilaan returned to erty. J Oilman had also claimed othor land in the immediate area of these par i again, noting hie cels, but was unable to maintain his ownership. In Sspterr.ber 168? he lost his 3 s. natter of fact, homestead claim to 2^0 acres located adjacent to and near the property which increasingly anxious still remains and is currently being nominated to the H-J t ional Re id. st« r .16 eaid to contain both Despite these complications with lan-i claims, Gil nan commenced living on yiood hie to purchase tlie ranch in l6b9» .housing hin^^lf in the adobs structure which Pop-J had built. He was involved, naturally, with the various aspects of life on a frontier ranch. s latter days of Diary entries relate that he branded horses ani cattle • — initially beginning with up the stuck, ccunt ninety-two horoee and about one hundred cattle -- with the help cf Noble 1 c son real purchase. On and a "Spaniard" as his assistant. In addition, he operate 1 the stage stop »t nd actual purchase* was the ranch for stagecoaches travelling along the Bra-iahaw Trail* Here, traala wero ossessing claio ca 17 ' furnished and fresh horees provided. Gilasji lived in the adc.be stage etop, *raardinc County, and thus acted ,'n the dual capacity of rancher and "isinkaeper." mdred and sixty acres The Bradshaw Trail was named for Williaa D. Bradshaw, who was born in 1826 •gically located aad Ik in Buncoob County, North Carolina, the son cf Valah i^ns.igrants who had B«rved ifl KJ«" Thia parcel the Azstrican Revolution. Tha faraily Eoved to Missouri around 13^, and the fol Oiffhip 3 South, Pange lowing year William and three brothers caune over the Oregon Trail to California. l;MiLDSTAl> SDr i'AKI VLM Of-THt IN H.HIOR NATIONAL ?Af,K SHRViCH NATIONAL REGISTER OF RJSTO3IC PLACES NATIO: INVENTORY- NOMINATION FO2M INV The Gilnvin R:inch Report By, Dr. John E. Brusgardt CONTINUATION SHEET ITI'M NUMBER PAGE 10 CONTI Two of the brothers died, but William and Isaac remained in California and Ariz ha United States ona for the rest of thoir lives. led to purchase William worked for a short tice at Sonora, California; and, joining the Bear quired clear Flag party, was involved in the initial American r«vclt against Mexican Rule in quarter, Sec- 18^6. He participated in the capture of Sonoma and tha arrest of Hariano Val- s first prop lejo in June, 18^6, helped to &ike tho original B^ar Flag, and B^absequsntly joined er these par-' the battalion of rifl^sen gat'r.ored by Johij C, Fremont. -Bradshaw remained with ? ha lust his the Arjericau forces fros July, l8 f<6, to April, 1-8V7, when he was mustered out at 16 Hisaioii San Gabriel. Kost of his eorvice was as First Lieutenant in Company D, led by Captain John Scars. As euch, he vis present wneri the Pexic.tns eurreaderei eu living on to Freraont at Cahuenga Pass on January 13, IOH?. The priraary work en FradEhuw's ope had built. life has been done by Mr. Francis J. Johnatoa, cf Banning, California, a r.ec-bor . frontier ranch, of the Riverside County Historical Co;; ja is;si on., author of TKs E-radghaw Trail; ly beginning with Karrative and Notes ( Riverside, California: Historical Corr^isaioa Preaa, 1>?7) — >f hoble's son of which a copy is enclosed — and contributor to a new volurte recently published -stijje stop at 1 o by the Riverside County Historical CctriaiBsion. The section which follows is Here, (teals were taken from his article, "The Eradshaw Trail,", and succintly describes tha hiotory » stage stop, and significance of the route: • ' ' / as born in 1826 After the war Bradshaw served briefly aa a grJi^s for immigrants using the Gila Soute into California. But with trw discovery of gold at cut h«y had served in ter's Kill, in lS<*8, ha want into tha £old fields. He rdned oad pros pected around Kokalutuj* Hill, Tuoluone jRiver, and Vallecito 'Qinp, Dur W»t and the fol- ing this tise ho racsived a temporary co-ssii .eaioa cf eajor in the E,ili- tia end eucceedf:d in qualAing a disturbanca by French aad Irish ffiiners 1 to California. near Hokaiuons, Throughout the l8>0'a and until 1-S62 Bradshaw pros pected end r.ineJ. along, the Korn Kiver ami apparently around Los Angelea. UM U.D STATKS DL.PAR1 MINT O! lilt INT1.KIOR f NATIONAL. PAftK SERVICE i NATIONAL REGISTER O? HISTORIC PIECES j. INVENTORY-NOMINATION FGIIM . l~ NA1 The Giirsan Ranch Report By, Dr. John R. Brutcgardt CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE 11 In early 1862 gold was discovered along tha Colorado River above the La and Aria- present location of Bilythe. While Pauline Weaver, a scout and frontiers man of sor.e notoriety, was the person who announced the find, those who actually made the discoveries were most certainly Mexican miners from oing the Basr Arizona. Business interests in Los Angeles desired a shorter route to the nines can Rule in that the two then in use. One of th'-'se was the southern road to Yuaa. risao Val- The other was the Mohave Desert route, an extension of the Santa Fe Trail. Tha businessmen seem to have engaged Bradshaw to lead eight quently joined others and proceed due east to the river in quest of a better route. The route he selected, as will be seen, had already baen in steady use ained v/ith by Indians of the region for hundreds of years. But as of 1862 no Anglo- American had established a reliable, yeur-around through route frota Los itercd cut at Angeles to central Arisona. i Cospscay D, When m'Hdshaw and his party reached the summit in Saitcn V/ash, between the Orccopia Mountains and the Chuckwailas, they trade decision.3 which is surrendered took than for the first time over a new trail never b-jfore trod by knglo-Aniericans. Tney responded to a.nap drawn for them by Cabaxcn, jn tradahav'c a desert Cahuilla leader, ana by a friend of his, a Maricopi from Ariz ona. Following this cvap they took the Inaiaa Trail to Tabaaeca Tank, La, a easber then to C'auckwaila Springs, onto Mule Spring ^*nd thence to the river. It is this part of the road, about 100 miles, that ia precisely Brad *y Trail; shaw' s Trail. ' : Press, iy??> — For the next two years (l362-l86^), Bradnhaw guided parties over the trail. He established a ferry at Olive City, which became Ehrenbtsrg ritly published and prospected well into Arizona in company with «nall groups aiid as a leader of larger parties. The locales which he visited included the follows is Bill Villiarcs River, the mountains near Prescott, which were mawd after hia, and the area over the Gila where it joined the Salt f.iver. es the history He led at least one expedition into eastern Arizona to the White Moun tains. In 1863 he and a partner established a small ranch n-^ar Frescott* In 186^ the governaent of the new Territory of Arizona was organized granta by Governor John K. Goodwin. An election was held in the spring to fill >f- gold at Sut- the new legislature and elect a territorial representative to the United *ed and pros- . States Congress. Bradshaw ran for this latter office, but lost to C.D. .to Cazap. l>ur- Poston. • in the aili- l Irish eioers As one of its first official acts the new legislature granted Bradshaw pros- a ferry franchise on the Colorado River between Mineral City and a Los Angeles. point five milea above La Paz. This action was approved cm Kovesber Vt 10 3C-Oa /4[ LNnr.USlAn-bOl.PARlV.I-NTOUHfclNTtRlOR UMTl-t)STA!lsDhP NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTQ3IC PLACES ! NATIONAL REGIS1 INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM - l: The Gilnan Ranch Report The Gil By, Dr. Jchn ?. Brusgardt' By, Dr. ITEM NUMBER PAGE 12 CONTINUATION SHEET CONTINUATION SHEET Braish&w, however, died only a month later, on December 2, in a carpenter shop in La Paz, possibly by his own hand. he killed I kinson. Indian travel fi-oa the river to the coast both before end after contact with the S&anisn has been thoroughly verified. Accounts of early It was ne e- Spanish explorers, such as Cabrillo on the coast and Dias along the mail contr river^'record inforaatioa froa the local inhabitants indicating that they failure to were in communication with their opposite numbers. When Father Fran sta^e men, cisco G;trc"2S made his epic trek in 1776 from Yuoa Crossing, north along the west bunk of the Colorado River, he was told by the Halchidhoira Over the ne Iniians, in the vicinity of today's Elythe, that they had a trail west the trail. in part by ward to the people of the Santa Ana River. Instead of following this, dent entre' however, G-ircMS went on to the Mohave villages, then v;estward with guides opporumi-, ; to the Hission Ban. Gabriel. M-iy,- 1862, lowing hir: Essentially, the trull is a complex system with at least two entry into the C point a. One is north of present Blythe, in tha vicinity of the ancient intaglios. It ;;ac been traced byarcheological survey westward, roughly and along the sar.e • route as Interstate Highway 10, to and through the San Sinta Fe, : Gor^onio F'-isa. 7.to extension to the sea has been confirmed ethnolog- ically. The dec0:1 d. entry point is south of Slytha and involves the lo LikA Erad"V cations ripped for Braishaw by Cabazon — that is, Chuckwjilla, Titacaca, trail. I:v Canyon i>prir»ga f asd Dos Falnvas. parts of this cyntwra E;;ers to e:itor the way for hi Santa Kosa mountains... while one passes through the Cahuilla Indian vil- way anu Wa la^ej around Toro snd eventually connects to tha artery going through the water. Ac Gan Gorgoaio Paa»« to central trating. ; Hisp-'tnic use tf the trail system whicli evolved into the Bradshaw Trail which he d was limited. Larces crossed it near tho river, as has been noted. When Pedro Pages was military convu*nder, in 1772, he croscod tho system Meanwhile , through S;m Esrnardino Valley t going out to the north through Cij:>n plan for a Pass. Missionary activity occi-red in &in Bernardino Valley around ized. For I8l0. Bapt-icas of Indiana livirg at distant locations then began, to the So , their distribution demonstrating a knowledge of routes to those various the Brads; places. San Gabriel Mission established stock ranches as far e^st as the San Gorgoaio Pass and t\ia Indiin cowboyo that worked these herds Phinr.eas I traveled freely down tha trail to tha Cahuilla villa»:?ea. An iaportant ited, dec; annual event apparently began in 18.15 with an expedition to reclaim His cozsp-ir salt from tha iloor of-Sal ton'-. Sink. This particular operation seems 1367. Bu:. to have taken place every yean until the Idj50's. Meanwhile, there are had d^feai traditions of-priests serving the San Gonjoaio Pass region froa 17?S never rstse to i6l2. Thsse are supported by bapt israal records. was close ii he tried t Mexican exploration to the east was < ncourngod by use of the trail UNlTl.DSTATi S D^.P ART ML NT Ol THt IVH RIOR 10-74: NATiCNALPARK SERVICE t MTLDSTAlt. NATIONAL REGISTER O? HISTORIC PLA< INVENTORY « NOMINATION FOHM NATIONAL R£( The Oilman Pacch Report INVENTO; By, Dr. John R. Brur.gardt CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE 1A ^CONTINUATION S he killed both the driver, Warren Kail, and the conductor, Henry Wil- kinson. the 1 contr It was necessary for a profit-making stage line to have the United States . had * Bail contract and hopefully also an express contract. Alexander's failure to obtain these, added to tho death of his most experienced buck , they stage ns-Jn, led to the closing of hia business. exor'c for e .cng Over the next three years three other lines tried to make a profit on dino the trail. crag of these, the La paz. Express and Saddle Train, was owned the G sst- in part by Janes Grant, of San Bernardir.o. Grant, more of an indepen • • chan, Ls, dent entrepreneur than Bradshaw, had also become aware of the business ably -aides opportunities indicated by the gold strikes. He, tco, had nat out in !-%y, 1-362, and passed over the came trail as Eradshaw, presumably fol Con: lowing hin closely. His Express and Saddle Train later parlayed itself ber.1;. into the California and Arizona Stage Company, the second largest in die*.; lent Arizona. Grant went on to become the most important fi.-r^re in express eve:- -ghly ana rail .service to run stagecoaches eastward from Los Angeles to rou :. in Santa Fe, New Mexico, in the iSGO's and l8?G's. exac S- that lo- Like Bradshaw, Grant's death carr.e about from his connection witn the was st'ca, trail. In May, l£?5, he was on the desert saekir.,3 a better or shorter for. - the way for his stages. He knew th& Southern Paciiic FrtilroHd v;.*s en the fer- vil- way and wanted co mintain a connection with it soaewhera b-oyond iniite- fie: -zh the water. According to his plan, the stage coaches would cross the ci;.s;jrt ien - to central Arizona, an area into which tha railways were not yot pene trating. He suffered extrc-nse exposure and contracted pneumonia, from The •ail which he died in San Bernardino. Ho wao buried in Pioneer Cdisetory, ado> When roc: kno'. Meanwhile, the railroad carae throujrh, eoir./r to and past Yuca, Grant's siz- plan for a stage line connection, despite hia death, was in fact real ized. For a number of years, the California and Arisana Company linked ace. to the Southern Pacific at Dos Palraas casis. It continued to ran ever rious the Bradshaw Trail into Arizona. Ever as the: ds at '- Phinneas Banning*s ^gecoaching activity over the trail was very lim mer. ited, despite the n /ng of a town after hirs in the Sin Gorgonio Pass. The S3 His company ran from Los Angeles to Yuisa for s-avea months in lo£6 and and are l867» But between Dos Falnias and Yur-a he ran into the same problem that Moxu. 78 had defeated the Butterfield interests — lack cf water. This was sup never remedied, and after one or two barely averted tragedies the line Tor was closed in April, 186?. Meanwhile, newspaper accounts suggest that he tried the Bradshaw Trail unsuccessfully for about a cont'n in 186?. The tha , It cannot be too strongly emphasised that the financial solvency of lir. 7.7-rn NO 10-3003 UMTLD STATES DL.PARTMHNT OF THt INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATION v NATIONAL REGISTER O? HISTORIC PLACES NATIONAL REGIST INVENTORY - NOMINATION FO3M INVENTORY-I The Oilman panch Report The Gi:. By, Dr. John R. Brumgardt By, Dr. CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE 15 CONTINUATION SHEET the lines depended much more on the United States rail and express leaving •" contracts than on passenger services. The mail and express always ial town c had to go through, whereas passengers could be dispensed with, as was At that c: evident at the times when coaches were drawn off an 1 only mule trains, cott and V buckboards, or at the best tiudwagons were used. Passenger fares were Hesilla, I, exorbitant arid obviously ware beyond the seuns of many pec pie. In l8?2, covered dl for exampie, fare from Frescott to S^u Bernurdino was 575; Sin Be mar- through ro dino to luhrer.berg, 53?; and San Bernardino to tfickenburg, $60. All of ' last year the stations along the route were swing stations, where teams were Californi-- changed. Most also provided meals and overnight lodging. But inavit- ably they were crude and uncomfortable, oven for the tirr.es. Tragedy a. West, EC. Considering only those stations listed between San Barnardino and ihren- one holdj berg, it is found that there were at least fifteen. If they were evenly Crandnll, distributed'thin would have put then about thirteen miles apart. Hew- .at Agua J- ever, fron: the few accounts that do exist of travel by coach over the Colorado : route, it is apparent that stops were not this frequent. Also, as the Faiute Ir. exact names and locations of these fifteen are known it ia easy to see sack th« that some were aa close together ais three miles and one, Chuck^alla, Caliente. was twenty-six miles east of the previous stop, Cayncn °prings. There fore, it must be concluded that different stations were used by dif In 18?1 * ferent conpanieu. At least two stations were raised by the Butter- Wickenbu field work parties- These were probably at Whitewater and A-jua Cal stage cc-'i'-. iente (Palm Springs). Both of these saw heavy use bj later lines. Two esci! affair a. The primary building material for the stations along the route was study of adobe, at least eiu'nt being made of this. But usually the number of injportanu rooms was-limited and the size assail. The two structures definitely Dcite Cre known to be of uncut stono were nore solid, but a^ain of dimir.utive were qui". size. Meals of simple fare wer. served as necessary, and overnight Essential acooiaodations were available in several of these srtall cabins. repaine-d until t!.- Every station had at least one proprietor, or agent, and it is likely the twe" there were also one or two hostlers. Some of these nen were well known p ot>pec J; at the time and figured in the development of the country. Jack SUE- the Choc r.ers was one who, with his wife, isanaged the Agua Caliente station. They were the first Anglo residents of Palm Springs. They also ranched The Bradshaw " and oined in widely separated locations ranging from the San Jacinto Mountains and Twenty Nine pales. Hank Brown seeas to have driven stages, Riverside County ( superintended a division of at least one line, and managed stations at Tore and Marlines. Landixarks were named for hio during those tinas. wound through" eeve: The most important point concerning the stage lines on this route is the Gilsan Ranch, that froa iSo1*, as long as the Eradshaw Trail portion was used, the lines allowed connection to the eastern part of the country. After Ns '0 300s UMTl-.DSTAil.SDLPARTMLMOHHt IN1LR10R 10 74; NATIONAL PARK SERVICE UMI: NATIONAL REGISTER O? HISTORIC PLACES NATIO?;/ INVENTORY - NOMINATION FCKIM L The Oilman Ranch Report INVE By, Dr. John P. Brurr.gardt CONTINUATION SH£ET ITEM NUMBER PAGE 16 CONTINU leaving Ehrenberg (which replaced La Paz by 1366 as the primary commerc ial town on the river) the road went on through Quartzite to Wickeaburg. the Salt rays • ' At that city a transfer point was established and a leg ran up to Pres- as *as cott anJ back. The main line continued on to Tucson, then e^st through at Gilma trains, Mesilla, New Mexico, and up to Santa Fe, Different companies sometines *s were covered different parts of the overall route, but it was essentially a In 1872, stopping. Berear- through run until the railway was joined east of Santa Fe. During the last year of the Civil War this was the only way in and oat of Southern All of for exa'. California by stagecoach. were inevit- on the : Tragedy and violence touched the route as they did other parts of the West. Besides the robbery at Highland Springs, already notsrd, at least stopped and Earen- one holdup"occured in San Tisoteo Canyon. A horse thief, one J.3. ere evenly Crandail, was killed in'a ehootout with Hewton Noble and Jack Sutr-ers continu. •c. How- at AD-la -Caliente in l3?0. Herman Ehrenberg, then Indian aj;ent for the »ver the Colorado River Reservation, was killed at Dos Palcvis in l8fcb when a with re >, as the Paiute Indian vho had been raiding on the Mohave Route tried to ran rj to see sack the station. He was later killed by Cahuilla Indians from Agua In cvalia, Caliente. stage ; s. There by dif- In l8?l the most famous attack of all occured about five miles vest of itter- Wickenburg and came to be known as the "Wickenburg Massacre." A famous sold to la Cal- stagecoachman, John Lance t was killed as ware six of his passengers. In addi ices. Two escaped with their lives, but circumstances surrounding the entire affair are unclear and cast suspicions on tha survivors. An exacting tly a r, e was study of this occurrence has yet to be done. It is of even greater r.ber of inportance because General George Crook killed nearly sixty Indians at in Orer iiiitely Date Creek agency in supposed retribution when in all probability they jiutive were quite innocent. singly- might Essentially, staging over the Bradshaw Trail ceased in the l8SO*c. It on the remained a freighting route and was briefly even used by automobiles .s likely until the highway which is now Interstate £10 was established ea.-ly in pipes, well known the twentieth century. After that, use of the route except by miners, tack Sum p 'o&pectors, and some rocreationists caused. A portion of it is now in from hi mation. the Chocolate Mountain naval bombing area. Lso ranched Gi Jacinto The Bradshaw Trail ran for the nost part through that area which is now riven stages, tat ion s at Riverside County (see map, in. book). Coming south, froa the Hedlands area, it » times. diarie;; wound through several stops, including Highland Springs (near present-day Beauteont), effort th* Gilean Ranch, Fala Springs, Indian Veils, to^ vhat"la^ now the northern ria of UMThDSTAILSDr.f'ARTMLNTOl THL 1NTMRIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • NATIONAL REGISTER O? HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY ~ NOMINATION FG£M NA7 Ths Gilaan Panch P.sport By, Dr. John R. CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMEtR PAGE 17 unary cocserc- the Salton Sea, then east to present-day Blythe, Consequently, travelers stopped to Wickenburg. i up to-Pres- at Oilman's heading in both directions. Oilman recorded in hin daily diary tha eist through iee some tirr.es stopping of the stage and the number of passengers on each. Or, Au3ccust 10. 1869, ssentialiy a During the t of Southern for example, he recorded, "Stage out only 1 passenger"-('with two travelers, r.ot on the stage, stopping overnight); and on August 2^, "Three stage passemrars, 2 arts of the ? 9 ited, at" least stopped and went with touris ... I did a lon^ talk with them all."" Such entries one J.B. 'ack Sasiaers continued in to the n;id-l87.0s, when use of the trail, although continuing, dimir.inhud ;gsnt for the 166 when a with reference to stagecoach travel. ted to ran- * frora Agua IB. 1&?6 Gilnan established a srr^Jll steam sawmill eitjht i^ilea north of his sta^e stop. In partnsrship with one S.S. Akers, he cut cedar lumber which he cilea we&t of re." A faraous sold to inhabitants of the Pass area aud also to the Southern pacific Railroad. passengers, ag the' entire In addition, he also ran the first general store in the San Gorgonio Pass, apparen An exacting en greater tly a srrall wooden building located just e^ ;t of the adoce stage stop. A merchant ty Indians at bability they in Oregon, he seems to have recognized the need for such a p^aco in the increa singly-populated Pass region. Here, ha sold such itens aa beef (which he raised «•l83o« e. It automobiles on the ranch), barley, corned beef, natches, shirts, batter, wine, farn tools, .shfed ea_-ly in >pt by miners, pipes, tobacco, king bolts, and the like. Her« also, ha probably sold lumber >f it la now in ^C\ from his sawmill. Lch is now Gilrean eold the bsef he raioad for food and used the horses pri.rarily for tran rids area, it sportation and staging operations. Life on the ranch was quite active if his ent-day Beaumont), diaries are any indication. Repeatedly, ha Pientions that'ha is engaged in. such or them ria of efforts as earmarking calves, riding out to find range cattle, obtaining hay froa a uearbjr fyr» for hie livestock, hauling inanure, branding cattle and colts, killicg ,:r:r t, 0 50-300-1 TMH.DST A IKS litPARTMUNT Oi 1 W- INTl.RIOR ^ATtC^^•At. PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM The Oilman R-'.nch Report By, Dr. John R. Brumgardt CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE beef, fixing tne st,-bles» sewing harness, and "fussing around" his house. During the early l6?0s he was involved in growing barley and alfalfa, developing an Irrigation pyGteru from the springs tehind his house, putting up fences for the livestock, ar.d purchasing such faro equipment as a reaper and cower combine. Ha therefore pursued a number of activitien, ranging frum the general score to the st9g<= stop to grain and feed production. In. addition to horass and cattle, he also kep;, hc^s u.vd eng'jged in a variety of service activities, fro:r, filing saws to pasvirir.g a:ii:r.cils for others. 'Hie personal property holdings, listed in a tax fom of lS'73, reflect tnis diverse cut as vet unpretentious activity, in cluding1 one vagon (vrxlue, $1*0), one harnesa (S10), one saddle (|10), farming tools ($15), seven norses (31^), ninety-three horses ($651), 125 stock cattle (S3?5), fotti-hoga (S6), and furniture ($50).21 - By the IcBOs Oilman seems to h.ive decided to emphasize crop production and to have reduced his efforts on a purely ranching -theme. This may h*ve been due in part to financial nisfortune, the details of which are not precisely clear, frora w&ich he was rescued by his wealthy brother, Granville, or to a change in service 22 ar.d product demands. In any case, b'y the turn of the century, he was growing several kinds of fruit crops, in addition to growing barley and still raising some livestock. Oilman grew raisin grapee, orangas, fi£3, olives, alnsonds, prunes, apricots, peaches, and apples. His gr^daughter, Mrs.-ftarian Hunt, living in 1977 at Cabazou, California, remetr-bers learning to plow from her grandfather and watching ths Indian laborers (who hired on for seasonal work) cut apricots and placo>-trie!c in the sulphur curing-boxes. Fern No 10 3 Oilman's olives were well-known throughout the state, and he cured them in "straight-laced littlc- lar^e cement v_tts in the adobe rdlkhouse (still standing) before the oliva shed Gilman seems neverthel (still standing) was built around 1912.- Curtis Black, who worked on the ranch as cane in 1916, was quic a hired hand ir, 1910-1911, recalls the Gilraan placed the cured fruit in small workshed, a structure (about Zrc. gallon) wooden ke^s for shipment to resale outle ts, restaurants, and attack. Gilnan, then, hotels. Tr.at Gilrran's olives were highly desirable is reflected in a letter he San Gorgonio Pass, as wrote on December 6, 1912. "Have letters from L(os). A(ngeies). asking about consisted. A pioneer olives," he noted "one from Berkley (olc) today Thomas Forsyth Hunt, Dean and Dir town of Banning, ha w • ector; 'was. toll by Professor Kason of the high quality of Glides you produce'; horticultural endeavc- wants to know if they are S(an) F(runcisco) markets etc."0 The land upon wh"' By the early twentieth century Gilr.ian was & prosperous man, secure now is ican habitation, was : his land title, owning productive acreage, .and taking an active part in the civic Bradshaw Trail. The f affairs of Banning. During this period he and his faaily formed the "Gilsvan . iginal, travel, and fc Home Company," a corporation of which he was president. To this corporation. Gil- Pass. Archaeological man in 1908 sold on quarter section of land and two half-quarter sections for the importance of a 1 S100 and the following items, in 19O9» for §10, seven hordes; two colts; six haps more import-nt L cows; one steer; two bulls; four shouts; fifteen stands of beesj" "all the wagons, buggies, carriages, buck-board all the harnesses single + Double"; one saddle; three rotes; one mowing oachina; one hay rake; and "all the plows cultivators and other forming iinplerr^r.ts pertaining to the place." Such property was in distinct contrast to his comparatively ceager holdings in l87p. In his later years Oilman is recalled by his. grandaughter ag''having b^r« «'••'• f c ,,,.. >»r; I? 3PQ* fir.-riNo 10-300-5 iMev 10-74! ""'" 10 "TiMThD STATUS DKPARTMbM Ol TUB IMhRlOR U MILD ST A I l-S 1)1 -.P ARTMh V NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL PARK !r NATIONAL REGISTER O7 Kf.STO'ilC PLACES NATIONAL REGISTER O INVENTORY - NOMINATION FO^LM INVENTORY--NGM The Gilmau Ranch Report The Gilman i By, Dr. John R. Bruregardt By, Dr. John CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE 20 CONTINUATION SHEET "straight-laced little old New Englander." Ko longer the energetic young pioneer, If Landmarks of R.rversi Oilman seens nevertheless to have remained physically active. The end, when it R. Bru«ngardt, K cane in 1916, was quick'— the family found his body in the woodpile inside the June 28, 1977 6 vorkshed, a structure which still remains on the property. He had died of a heart Larry L. Bowles, "Ar Riverside County parks Dei attack. Gilman, then, is significant in 5 variety of ways for the history of the 7"Notes and Articles : San Oorgonio Pass, as are the property and natural features of which his ranch Weinlani Collecticn, Henry (hereafter cit^d as KL): 'i consisted. A pioneer resident of the Pass, active in the development of the new Banning, 1936, 9 8 town of Banning, -ie was a leader in ranching, farming, and mercantile, and "Note.3 and Articles, 9 horticultural endeavors there. Deed, Newton Noble • The land upon which he resided, meanwhile, the site of ancient Native Amer Jan:es Harshall Gilr 26, 1863, Oilman Papers, '. ican habitation, was a primary atop for stagecoaches and travelers alor.g the famous Papers, HI: Brad^haw Trail. The Giisian Ranch, therefore, contains significance for the abor-. Year Cor.menc ing October, .' September 6, 19>3» 3cx 2n, James Marshall Giltnan Di^- igiral, travel, and business history of Southern California and the San Gorgonio Jatres Marshall Gil' Pass. Archaeological deposits and historic structures remain intact to emphasize 23, 31, April 16, 21, l8C the importance of a location tho heritage of which is multiple, unique, and, per l-'.arohall Gil Papers, HL. haps more important at precast, still capable of preservation. \k James Marshall Gil 8, 1869, and Indenture, }•' "Letters, Jerome K: to James Marshall Oilman, Statement. Joseph ' September 28, 1887, Giloa 17James Marshall Gi . Box 26, and biography of " • • K-CAV":. ~.;. - '•'•'.:''' -~v»5 (a) 1U-i^l;'.. C.-.-ity ri.,.,-.-io^l ::':\;';;:K.- i'v^-' '-- 2-"2>; ' b> -">* K^;^3, i^^-v cf ;^loc;:.ivn, :v.;nvin^ton Library, 3^n Harir,o, r-.3.p dvite.i 8/12/'?6 . t .) ZONE EASTING NOP.TH:M(i ZONE EASTINu NORTHING telv 126 acres. LLjJ.jLj-1 L-i I , I . VERBAL fcOUNDARY DcSCRlPTlON cres), i-.:~ludin :; re- ectan/r^l^^ portion , California (Hivor- ctar.tralar are'* }.ar- treet to ounrir.:v A« tend due torch ioi- L!S1 ALL SI ATtS AMD COUNTIES FOK PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES unoing e:t3t-^t?3t est of the- junction STATE CODE COUNTV CODE CuDE COli'JTY CcvJity Histx3ria.n DATE rs: .d'J Municipal Deeer-.ber , 1976 ST AT E California STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER CERTIFICATION THE EVALUATED SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS PROPERTY WiTHSN THE STATE IS. NATIONAL __ STATE ___ LOCAL ___ As the T3ied State H-iiortc Pre$ervat,or> OHicorfor tno Nancna! Historic Prescr.a'.ion Act of 1S66 iPutt'CtNf £9-635). I hereby no.-nmstc this property for infusion in the N.Ttwnc! Rsgisier and certify thai it has been evaluated accordtf?^ to the enters and procedures set forth by the National Pork S';r*'~e STATE HirrrORic PPESERVATJON Of FICER SIGNATURE TITLE DATE i ill oh i .?r, !3T£^ .J 3^ & \: 3 sisai.2W = ^' 1 I i? *• 1 ov* /% £? ^ i^ v^?«*£f*** *3 * -?***»to* ^ £ 2»« $ 3 i:f« j: ^2 5? 3 ' Ml «Z4 4 ? in«« 4 34 a 2