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LO/0267/2008 validità dal 18/02/2008 NATURAL GAS VEHICLES

VEHICLES, ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT

YEAR 9 - n. 2 - NOVEMBER 2009 >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>

N

V CONTENTS Natural gas vehicles vehicles, energy, environment >> TRENDs

Milano, November 2009 Mestre and its “canals” for bicycles ...... 2 Year 9 - Issue 2 Biogas upgrading and purification systems ...... 4 Six-monthly magazine Reg. Tribunale Milano nº 416 del 9 giugno 2000 Registro operatori di >> focus oN NGV comunicazione n° 8654 editor in chief: Reggio Emilia, the city that has bet on electric sustainable mobility ...... 16 Alfredo Zaino editor: City air work: the three keys of the success of the Piaggio Porter...... 18 Com-Media S.r.l. Via Serio, 16 - 20139 Milano The future of NGV in the vision of Federmetano ...... 20 Tel. +39 02-56810171 Fax + 39 02-56810131 E-mail: [email protected] To be an environment councillor in Italy: is it an affordable challenge? ...... 24 Internet: www.watergas.it Publisher: The energy that drives world originates at the foot of Alps ...... 26 Com-Media S.r.l. Page layout by: Interview to Paolo Petracchi Dresser Wayne Pignone ...... 30 Briefing - Milano advertising: Com-Media S.r.l. Printed by: >> NGV sysTEm ITalIa sEcTIoN Multigraf S.r.l. Via Colombo, 61 A group of twenty large firms, committed to the NGV sector ...... 32 20155 Gorla Minore (VA) >> TEcHNIcal sEcTIoN The new Ministry decree on multi-dispenser and self-service for CNG ...... 38

>> EVENTs The eleventh IANGV Conference NGV 2008 – Rio de Janeiro Brazil ...... 44

>> NEWs fRom NGV comPaNIEs News from NGV companies ...... 68

circulation: >> usEful PaGEs 5.000 issues Copyright © by Italian manufacturers of components for the NGV market ...... 77 Com-Media S.r.L. Milano All rights reserved. cover: Grande Punto Natural Power 2 TRENDs Mestre your smilearound”. on thewallsallovercity:“Thebicyclecarries some oftheslogansusedonpostershanging city”, “…thepeople”,“…yourtime”,justtoquote “Riding abike….youtastethebestpartof day, i.e.athrifty anduncomfortabletravellingtool. to thewayitisoftenseenbymanypeoplestillto- cycle, proposing itinadifferent fashioncompared aimed atrenovating thepositive imageofthebi- also promoted campaigns, means ofinformation by As ithappensinBolzano,theuseofbicycleis eled vehicle. can perfectlybetravelledoverridingatwowhe- are nolongerthan4kilometres, adistancewhich revealed thatinthecityabout 50%ofthetrips from suburbtodowntown. Theenquiriesdone sixteen main itineraries, crossing the whole city When theplanwillbeaccomplished,there willbe the reduction ofthevehicletraffic. tions topromote theuseofbicycle,forexample of thebicyclelanesandaseriesotherinterven- contemplates the increase from 53 to 99 kilometres allowed toelaborateanambitiousproject, which The cleartargetdevisedbytheadministrationhave for themaincityofVeneto. bicycles mobilityplanBICIPLAN,hasbeenapproved sustainable mobilityofVenezia: inthemainland occurred has the to thepoliciesfor turn a In 2005 and its “canals” raries andofthe spare the extra-urban itine- will betheplanningof main structure; step3 to beconnectedthe the existingitineraries, the re-qualification of ry bicycleitinerariesand seconda- ning ofallthe theplan- is concerning of Mestre;ring 2 step there isabicyclelane to downtown,where which linkthesuburb main urban itineraries the sixteen planning of the concerning is 1 step shed inthelongrun: accompli- tobe steps, ly contemplatesthree The plansubstantial- for a bettersatisfaction. results ofthis are anincrease ofbicycle ridersand Venezia seemstobewalkingontherightpath.The expected. the riskofitinerariesthatmight belesssafethan cycle lanes,oreventhebicycle atall.Andthere is network, discouragingpeople from usingthebi- planning wouldresult inpoorattractivenessofthis for promotion oftheusebikes.Mistakesinthis be renounced whenplanningoftheinterventions od results, seemtobenowfactorswhichcannot consciousness oftheirimportancetoobtaingo- The constantcombinationoftheseelements,the comfort. zability, globality, safety, linearity, attractiveness, for users:hierarchy, continuity, capillarity, recogni- of traffic,tocreate anefficient,practicalandsafe the measures tobetaken for themodernisation for thedesignofbicyclelanenetworkand Some fundamentalcriteriahavebeenidentified • • • apply the rule that trips shorter than 400 metres • increase the mobility by bicycle from the present Some ofthetarget: far placeswhichare worthvisiting. main landtothemostvaluableitinerariesreaching time, toconnectthebicyclelanestructure onthe bicycle ridersafety, protection andcomfort; 3-7% to15-25%ofthetotaltrips,offering to in therest ofEurope. establish awellsettledmobilitybybikelikeitis tunities indowntown,where itbepossibleto block shopviathecreation ofspaceandoppor- the at retail the of friend a bicycle the making imagine ofurbanspace; re are collectiveusagevehicles; done bymeansofothervehicles,betterifthey done bybicycle,abovethisdistance,thetripsare are doneonfoot,thoseshorter than4kmare -qualification of the life of people and of the of and people of life the of -qualification bicycles Last but not least, comes the promotion of the use of the bicycle and measures such as sufficient and efficient parking areas, which are suitably located; and interventions on the system of signs, which helps in particular the occasional users or the tou- rists to better orienting in the city.

Then there are special maps for bicycle users, and info points along the whole itinerary structure; dedicated traffic lights. There are bicycle transit counters, to monitor the trend of the use of the two wheeled vehicle, to analyse the bicycle user behaviour, to better know the “customer”, so to be able to offer him an even more satisfactory product.

Lorenzo Giorgio TRENDs

3 bioGas UPGradinG and PUrification systeMs

Vehicle bio-methane is a first-generation bio-fuel We have also seen that biogas is an optimum that has kept its viability. It has no polluting effect “strategic partner” for CNG, as it is a renewable in water and in air quality. After several years of energy source, which can take profit from the sa- tests related to bio-fuels, “crop-fuels" can no me infrastructures. Politicians and decision makers longer offer a solution to reduce our fossil fuel at the national and EU level are more and more consumption and cut down on Green House Gas sensitive to this theme. emissions. Their intensive production raises social, Some experts believe that the fossil fuels have left environmental and energy problems that cannot now a short horizon, and in particular the liquid be resolved for the moment. fossil fuels have peaked already; so we have to The European Union encourages the diversity of find alternative solutions as soon as possible. bio-fuel use and second-generation bio-fuel de- Among the renewable energies, biogas has proba- velopment. bly a higher potential than solar and wind energy This second-generation fuel comes from various together. TRENDs types of bio-mass and allows the recycling of And it offers the side benefits of a remarkable 4 all organic residue found in organic products. contribution to sustainable waste disposal, and It also eases the pressure on the ever-increasing in some case also by-products that are still inte- encroachment of pollution on agricultural land. resting, such as the natural fertilisers. Nevertheless, Biomass to Liquid (BTL), which is But every peach has a stone; in fact we have also the pathway of biomass transformation into li- seen that even if the raw biogas, as it is, can feed quid fuels, is far from being reached, since it still an oven or a power plant steam generator, or a requires enormous investment in research and de- boiler, it can not be directly used as fuel for an velopment, and could take up to ten years before automobile engine. its arrival on the fuels market. In the meantime, Before it can, it need undergo some deep “refine- bio-methane for vehicle use still has its place as ry” process, which frees it from some components a secure bio-fuel. that are not proper, as corrosive, or because they The procedure of bio-methanisation is not par- reduce to an unacceptable extent the energy con- ticularly complex; therefore it could facilitate its tent, thus shortening too much the running range rapid development in production. It still offers a of the vehicle. It is necessary to remove from raw great potential, in terms of technological progress, biogas carbon dioxide, which content is very high, as it is expected to be produced more by a better varying from 30 to 40% and in some case even means in collection and treatment of the organic more that that. wastes as well as plant operation optimization. And it is necessary to eliminate all sulphur com-

This means less bio-methane vehicle consumption pounds, nitrogen and all other impurities (e.g. H2S,

for more efficient vehicles. To achieve the Europe- SO2, halogens, NH3, siloxanes, moisture, etc). By an target (5.75% of bio-fuel by 2010 and 10% this way, the so called bio-methane is produced. by 2020), diversity is essential. Bio-methane is absolutely identical to the natural Therefore, bio-methane is a bio-fuel with a great gas distributed by the gas pipeline network. In future. fact, some operator is already injecting it in the Today it still plays a marginal role in the natural gas pipeline, and many others are examining this op- industry. But the interest for it is growing, thanks tion, obviously in compliance with the Network to the undoubted environmental advantages it Code (5). Bio-methane is even better than natural brings about, and to its characteristic as a rene- gas, because its composition is more constant wable energy. In one of its former issues (autumn over the time, and it is less differentiated with 2007), the magazine showed a panoramic of the the different origin. biogas production potential, and the possible ap- And the constancy of characteristics is a feature to plication in the automotive field. which car and engine manufacturers have always We have seen that the potential, even if subject to been very sensitive. different evaluation made by the various experts For biogas purification and conversion to bio- of this sector, is anyway remarkable, and for sure methane, a number of different methods, more biogas deserves to be included in the national or less energy consuming, complex and expensi- transport framework, besides that of the other ve, are available today. Some methods, the more gas applications in the residential, industry and traditional, have been in application for quite a productive sectors. long time. Some others have been provided by the research on new technologies and materials, and have just entered the market. Two main factors will determine in the short term the competitiveness of biogas on the energy market. One of them is the global cost of purification on a large scale. The other one is obviously the market price of natural gas. The wider the gap between these two factors, the higher the biogas Fig 1 general scheme of the upgrading process competitiveness. Natural gas market prices follow the same dynami- cs as the oil product prices; so, in the near future they will likely tend to keep rather high. This is obviously a bad news for consumers, but it is a positive feature for bio-methane producers. Besi- des scale effect, biogas purification costs depend Fig 1b b detail scheme of the upgrading process (Cirmac) also on the adopted method. methods, such as: water pressure laundering; typical biogas compositionl pressure exchange adsorption; ammine launde- [% volume] ring; chemical laundering (NaOH); bio-washers; TRENDs activated carbon; membranes. methane 50 - 75 5 main upgrading systems cO2 25 - 50 water 1 - 5 component main processes nitrogen 5 CO2 physical absorption with water in cross-flow at high pressure (with or

oxygen 0-5 without regeneration); CO2 is more soluble in water than methane adsorption with activated carbon (PSA); purchase, as well as ammonia < 1 regeneration and disposal of activated carbon is rather expensive net heating value kWh/m 5,52 – 8,27 chemical absorption with polyethylene glycol (e.g. selexol), which is more Wobbe index kWh/m3 5,9 – 8,15 effective than water as solvent cryogenic system membrane composition modification after purification water condensation (example) absorption on silica gel adsorption on aluminates adsorption with salt (NaCl) component/characteristic biogas Bio- methane nitrogen absorption with selective activated carbon (PSA) membrane methane % vol 57,0 88,3 ammonia absorption with activated carbon CO % vol 38,0 4,7 2 physical absorption with water nitrogen % vol 4,8 7,0 H2S Physical processes: water washing (it is more soluble in water than

oxygen % vol 0,2 methane, and is also more soluble than CO2); adsorption with activated carbon (PSA); chemical absorption with polyethylene glycol (e.g. selexol), HFC mg/m3 < 100 which is more effective than water as solvent chemical processes:

H2S ppm < 100 specific catalysts (e.g. based on Fe2O3); the subsequent regeneration with inert gas and oxygen, frees elementary sulphur, which must be net heating value MJ/m3 22,7 35,24 removed from adsorbent pores, where it collects biological processes Wobbe index MJ/m3 23,4 43,7 siloxanes adsorption with activated carbon (PSA); specific catalysts Requirements for upgraded biogas in the adsorption with silica gel Netherlands alogeni adsorption with activated carbon (PSA); • Wobbe-Index = 43,46 – 44,41 MJ/m3 all components TCR: this solution differs from the customary method by chilling the • Mercaptanes < 10 mg/ m3 except CO2 gas to around -25ºC. By this way, most contaminants condense with 3 • H2S < 5 mg/ m the moisture. Moreover, many remaining contaminants dissolve in the • Total sulphur < 45 mg/ m3 condensed moisture. • Oxygen < 0,5 vol% • HFC < 25 mg/ m3 Carbon dioxide removal • Ammonia < 3 mg/ m3 The more abundant undesirable component of • Dew point < -10°C biogas is carbon dioxide. • THT = 18 mg/ m3 Being an inert gas, it does not contribute to the combustion process, so it acts as “ballast”. Biogas treatment systems It is anyway worth mentioning that it also has a The treatment of biogas is made by different beneficial effect on the characteristics which are 6 TRENDs N V BIoGas uPGRaDING aNDPuRIfIcaTIoN s • • • • Main methodsofcarbondioxideseparation energy contentofbiogas. as theydecrease toanunacceptablelevelthenet and nitrogen contentmustberemoved anyway, hydrocarbons. Butmostofthecarbondioxide compensate theeffect ofthepresence ofhigher nitrogen, dioxide, carbon as such can helium, nocking power. Insuchcaseshencetheinertgases have thenegativeeffect ofdecreasing theantik- as ethane,propane andbutane,whichopposite, hydrocarbons, higher some contains gas the such (but onlyafewpercent pointsatmaximum),when A certainamountofitmighthencebedesirable as fuel,itincreases theantiknockingpower. affecting theengineperformancesofgasused rate isabout200,000m whereNetherlands, production bio-methane the The example ofits application is inCollendoorn, res theuseofquitecumbersome appliances.An membranepurchase,gher costsfor itrequi- and application; itisnowwellproven. Itimposeshi- method, withalowenergyconsumption,easy innovative more a is it membranes: Selective methane. m in Beverwijk, The Netherlands; production: 160 an almostconstant production oftherequired tanks filledwith theadsorbentmaterialallows material from thecollectedgas.Theuseoftwo sure isthendecreased tofree theadsorbent structure, andbytheprocess pressure. Thepres- the dimensionofpores oftheadsorbent various gaseoussubstancesis determinedby way somegasspecies.Theadsorptionofthe under highpressure adsorbinapreferential used (e.g.activatedcarbonandzeolites)which cial molecularsievesandadsorbentmaterialsare distillation technologiesforgasseparation.Spe- rature, henceitisdifferent from thecryogenic material. Itoperatesatnearlyambienttempe- taking profit oftheiraffinitywithanadsorbent different characteristics and molecularspecies, gas mixture underpressure, dependingontheir the separationofsomekindgasesfrom a depressurization), isatechnology adoptedfor PSA (pressure swing absorption, adsorption with then commercialised. which couldbeeasilystored incylindersand sting amountofcarbondioxideinliquidstate, of biogas).Butitalsomakesavailableanintere- (compression/expansion effect cooling needed dioxide; itrequires alotofenergytocreate the low thecondensationtemperature ofcarbon be- biogas of down cooling System: Cryogenic Wa rdcn aot ,0,0 m 2,800,000 about producing TheNetherlands:aplant cation isinTilburg, energy tocirculate it.Anexampleofitsappli- thod; itrequires largeamountsofwaterand 3 /hour. shing with water: it is the more classic me classic more the is it water: with shing 3 /year. Another one is one /year.Another 3 ya o bio- of /year ys TEms - • production: 1,600 m 1,600 production: separation of CO separation of nia. AnotherapplicationofPSAisprecisely the oil refineries andintheproduction ofammo- synthesis onlargeindustrialscalefortheusein dioxide removal asfinalstageinthehydrogen One ofthemainapplicationPSAiscarbon gy saving,anditiscommonindustrialpractice. the othertank.Thisprovides asignificantener- depressurisation isusedtopartiallypressurize sation, in whichthegasleavingtanksduring gas. Italsoallowstheso-calledpressure equali- Prior toremoving CO system, forwhichpurposeablower isinstalled. in order toovercome thepressure lossoverthe this slightoverpressure needstobeincreased free from dustandwaterdroplets. Inmostcases slight over-pressure, issaturatedwithwater, and ming biogasfrom thegasholder(storage)hasa trade name‘COOAB’.Inthisprocess, theinco- case aspecialaminecompositionwithCirmac’s in thisprocess istheabsorptionliquid,inthis process isattractive forrelatively lowconcentra- remove CO chemical absorption,specificallydesignedto technology isbasedonlowpressure reversible ristics asthoseofmembrane.TheLPCOOAB innovative method,andithassimilarcharacte- ras; production: 300m examples ofapplicationare inSweden,Bo- carbon mustbeperiodicallyregenerated. Some large amountsofCO at theapplicationofPSAforcapture of gas. Atpresent there are someresearch aiming which isjustidenticaltothedistributednatural methane content,convertingitintoaproduct CO development inthisfieldistheLowPressure by CIRMACinthelateeighties,mostrecent technology, developed andputonthemarket process of CIRMAC(2)). Apartfrom the VPSA (a carbon active with Adsorption COOAB, LP and toincrease theoperative rangeofthesuit. Support Systemspacesuits,soastosaveweight adsorption technologyusedinthePrimaryLife as futurefor the non regenerative alternative not possible.ThePSAmethodisalsoproposed the useoflargetanksforcompressed gasesis remote or inaccessible parts of the world where for production ofoxygen, in particularthose nology isalsoadoptedbythemedicalindustry or nitrogen of reasonable purity. The PSA tech- small scaleairseparationproduction ofoxygen nomically convenient choice also inthecaseof eco- an is PSA plants. such of GHGemission the stations, before geo sequestration, so toreduce like ammonia(NH combined with theremoval ofNH atwo-bedsystem,ifrequired,bed, alternatively removedis one- a with (AC) carbon activated by 2 absorption(LPCOOAB)technology. Active 2 from biogas.Anessentialelement 2 3 from biogas to increase its ), must beremoved. The H 2 3 , H 2 /hour. It is an even more even an is /hour.It inthecoalfired power 3 /hour; and in Goteborg; 2 S andotherimpurities 3 . TheAC 2 S The CO the top,aftercoolingdownin thecondenser. as catalyst.Thechemicalreaction is:2H on activatedcarboniscatalyticandtheACacts costs. Theadsorptionofhydrogen sulphide(H be installed,mainlytoreduce considerableAC step, likeCIRMAC’s biologicalprocess, needsto together withthereleased CO wet steamtoboilingpoint.TheCOOABvapour, stripper column,where the COOABisheatedby is produced intheboileratbottomof perature. Therequired heatforCO in thestrippercolumn,byincreasing thetem- removed from theCOOABonpackedbed the firstadsorbercatchesallH both adsorbers are connected in line. As long as of theH adsorber becomessaturatedwithsulphur, apart adsorber onlyactsasacheckunit.Asthefirst centrations ofH tions upto500ppm.Forextremely highcon- centration oftheH in thesecondadsorber. Whentheoutputcon- almost free from CO packedbed inthestripper. Thelean COOAB bottom. Almostpure CO the stripper. On itswaydown,theCO The loadedCOOABisthenfedtothetopof gas leavestheCOOABcontactorattop. leaves thecontactoratbottom.Thepurified chemical reaction andthe loaded (rich)COOAB conceived sothat thelowestpossibleenergy is heat exchanger, andacooler. Theprocess is rich/lean called so a installed: are exchangers for sale.Intheheatexchanger sectiontwoheat or upgradedtoindustrialfood gradequality of atwo-bedH advantage sulphur.The with saturated/loaded activated carbonhastobereplaced afteritis The will beadsorbedontheactivatedcarbon. than 1ppmH process isensured. Thepurifiedgascontainsless activated carbonchange-out,anuninterrupted As theinstallationstaysinoperationduring capacity oftheactivatedcarbonwillbeused. becomes secondinline.Inthisway100%ofthe thisnewbed awaythat insuch will bechanged replacement oftheactivated carbontheflow tobe first bedhas of the carbon replaced. After is equaltotheinputconcentration,activated to thegas.TheCOOABabsorbsCO liquid, calledCOOAB,flowsincountercurrent absorption the packed bedofthecontactor the gh apackedbedtothetopofcontactor. In contactor thegasflowsfrom thebottomthrou- unit, andheatexchangerswithpumps.Inthe removal unitconsistsof:a contactor, astripper → and heats the CO heatsthe and moval bylowpressure CO 2S+2H 2 2 canbedirectly usedingreenhouses S willbreak through, whichisremoved 2 O. Theformedelementarysulphur 2 S. In the sections of theCO 2 S removalsystem isasfollows: 2 S an alternative pre-cleaningS analternative 2 2 S atthefirstadsorptionbed saturated COOAB on the onthe COOAB saturated 2 leavesthestripperat 2 leavesthestripperat 2 absorption,theCO 2 leavestheboiler 2 S, thesecond 2 removal 2 willbe 2 S +O 2 2 re- by by 2 S) 2 2

the CO bacillus family).Theycovertheircarbonneedwith micro-organisms (mostofwhichare oftheThio- Biogas canbecleanedofsulphurbymeans Biological desulphurisation • airstrippingandrecovery. • biologicalremoval onafilter bed, • NaOHscrubbing, • waterscrubbing, • activatedcarbon, • iron oxidepellets, • iron sponge, • iron chloridedosingtodigester slurry, • air/oxygendosingtodigesterbiogas, Hydrogen sulphideremoval methods: peratures. pressure, presence ofwaterandelevatedtem- metals, especiallywithincreasing concentration, Hydrogen reactive very is sulphide most with compressors, bottlesandengines. as possibleintheprocess, toavoidcorrosion in with thefeedstock.Ithastobetakenoutasearly Hydrogen sulphideconcentration inbiogasvaries Hydrogen sulphideremoval Digesters can use a combined procedure of water Biological filters They formyellowsulphurclusters. aerophilic surfaceandnutrients. in digester,offers which micro- thenecessary Thiobacilli grow onthesurfaceofrawmaterial • • Fullyautomaticcontrol • Lowcostsofoperationandmaintenance • Compactdesign • Negligibleglobalwarmingeffect • Highreliability • Noproduct gaslosses • Nomethanelosses(<0.1%) • Nomethaneemissionstoatmosphere This advancedtechnologyoffers: air inbiogas,dependingontheH 6% - 2 to to corresponding oxygen, add to sary which formsinsolutionssulphuricacid.Itisneces- They produce elementarysulphurandsulphate, 99.5%) Re-use of carbon dioxide (CO gas) isaddedbymeansofadosingpump. (terahydrotiophene, thesameusedinnatural methane, isfree from smell,soanodorantTHT of theblower. Theproduct gas,almostpure the drier, and returnedafterwards to theinlet flow oftheproduct gasisusedforpurging dried, bymeansofanadsorptiondrier. Asmall pressure tothenaturalgasnetwork.Thenitis delivery required the on depending g bar 5-8 The gasleavingthecontactoriscompressed to used andasmuchheatpossibleisrecovered. 2 takenoutfrom biogas. 2 2 ) possible(purity S concentration. S concentration.

7 TRENDs 8 TRENDs N V BIoGas uPGRaDING aNDPuRIfIcaTIoN s Membranes are usedintwosystems: Membranes branes, orlowtemperature PSA. Oxygen andnitrogen canberemoved bymem- Removal ofoxygenandNitrogen sorption. The absorbentisregenerated byheatingandde- to absorbthesiliconcompounds. mixture ofhydrocarbons withaspecialcapability They canberemoved byabsorptioninaliquid form oflinearandcyclicmethylsiloxanes. The organicsiliconcompoundsinbiogasare inthe serious damage. cylinder headsabradingthesurfacesandcausing oxide whichdepositsatsparkplugs,valvesand silicon to oxidised are they combustion During severe damagetoengines. Siloxanes maybepresent inbiogas,andcancause Siloxane removal removed byaflowofinert gas. all theadsorbedcompoundsare evaporatedand which at temperature a 200°C, to carbon vated Regeneration iscarriedoutbyheatingtheacti- the otherisdesorbed. two parallelsystems,oneistreating thegaswhile through,are whilelargermolecules Inadsorbed. Small moleculeslikeCH removed be can They carbon. activated specific by heads. stion chamber, atsparkplugs,valves,cylinder They causecorrosion inengines, inthecombu- landfill gas. fluoro-compounds are predominantly found in (FHC) hydrocarbons, particularly chloro- and Higher hydrocarbons, as wellashalogenated Halogenated hydrocarbon removal and heatisreleased duringregeneration. elementary sulphur. Theprocess isexothermic, The product isagainiron oxideorhydroxide and air, thustheiron oxideisrecovered. The iron sulphidesformedcanbeoxidisedwith perature isbetween25and50°C. this reaction tocarryon,buttheoptimumtem- forrequired is 12°C of temperature minimum A xides oroxidestoiron sulphide. Hydrogen sulphidereacts easilywithiron hydro- Iron oxide phurisation micro-organisms. scrubbing andfortheattachmentofdesul- The filterbedprovides the required surfacefor it meetsbiogas,addedwithsomeair. from digesterisdispensedoverafilterbed,where The rawwastewaterorthepress-separated liquor risation. scrubbing (absorption)andbiologicaldesulphu- 4 , CO 2 , N 2 andO ys 2 pass TEms Fig 2 and Coralsolutionisrecycled. CO the H The absorbent can be eitherCoralorNaOH.Then decrease from 2%tolessthan250ppm. which removes CO Then there isamembrane(e.g.acetate-cellulose) and aheater. Then thegasstream flowsthrough aparticlefilter possibly carriedoverfrom thecompressor. nated hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulphideandoil cleaned withactivatedcarbontoremove haloge- The rawgasatamediumpressure (ex.36bar)is High pressure gasseparation • • 55% CH an aminesolution.Rawbiogasisupgradedfrom 5C h H the 35°C pressure (1bar)inalow-costassembly. At25- The absorptionmembranesworkatatmospheric counter current. absorbed ontheother side byliquid flowing in rection, diffuse through themembraneandare Molecules from thegasstream flowinonedi- gas from liquid. A micro-porous hydrophobic membraneseparates sorption usingmembranesisquitenew. The separationprocess based ongas-liquidab- Gas-liquid absorptionmembranes separately. many industrialapplications. The H treatment, toremove possibleheavymetals. Thus, forexample,H substance toberemoved. up to3years.Themembranesare specificforthe The present stateoftheartmembranescanlast is flared, or(farbetter!)itisfired insteamboilers. The wastegas,witharesidual 10-20%methane, tained in3stages. ob- thus is methane 96% over with gas clean A been leftbytheformertreatment step. pure CO amine solutionisalsoregenerated byheating.The the membrane. liquid absorbsthemoleculesdiffusing through low-pressure gas liquid absorption separation - on bothsidesofthemembrane, High pressure gas - separation with gas phases membranes 2 2 S saturatedNaOHcanbere-used inwater S contentofCoralisremoved byheating, 4 2 (43 %CO released canbeprofitably destinedto 2 S concentrationinrawbiogascan 2 , moisture andtheH 2 ) to more than 96% CH 2 S andCO 2 mustbetreated 2 isremoved by 2 S that has S thathas 4 . The cost is estimated at 0.55 ÷ 0.65 In Sweden,where there are now 25plants,the Nm 0.90 0.65÷ price a give would compression, duction planttodistributionsite, andthecostof methane, includingthecostof supplyfrom pro- productionGerman conditions,the bio- cost of German Wuppertal Institute,inthecaseof the from Ramesohl Stephan Dr to According over Europe. defined andaccurateevaluationofthisaspectall duct, andthelackofscaleeffect, prevents awell Nowadays, thestilllimiteddiffusion ofthispro- used, sizeoftheplant. as aconsequenceoflocalconditions,feedstock production for cost The variable is bio-methane of Costs adsorption withactivatedcarbon Fig 5 Fig 4schemeofamembraneplant workprincipleofmembranes Fig 3 scheme oftheTCRprocess,byGtS Fig 6 3 (lowerheatingvalue=10kWh). € /Nm 3 . Thesizeof € / Nm the Swedish plants is in the range of 1 ÷ 5 million which meansintotal natural gas(e.g.0.13€ price ofnaturalgasandthefueltaxapplicableto distributor willhavetopayforbio-methanethe If notaxis putonbio-methane,themethane is easytodetermine. than thecommercial valueoftheproduct, which The costofproduction isafeature lessimportant waste treatment. as thismethodcanminimizethesocietalcostfor wet wastesusingtheanaerobic digestionprocess, More andmore municipalitieschosetotreat the or gasification. digestion processing, composting,incineration, anaerobictreatment usingvariousalternatives: necessary tocompare thetotalnetcostofwaste the municipalandindustrialwaste,forwhichitis definition ofthecostissimplerthanincase In thecaseofproduction basedoncrop, the ase. In smallerplantsthiscostwouldobviouslyincre- price ofnaturalgas(e.g.0.32 The costofcompressed bio-methane isthusthe ases duetotheattainedpuritylevel. production plant,thatare goodfertilizers,incre- And thevalueofresiduals from thebiogas of set-aside-land. the subsidieswhichmaybegrantedforuse purchased from farmers, depends on the levelof But thepriceoffeedstock,whichmustbe upgrading costat0.15€ this kindofplantitispossibletokeepthebiogas 0.10 waste processing, which corresponds toabout plant are almost50%lower thaninthecaseof production basedoncrop, theinvestmentsfor cylinder truck plus compression, e.g. plicable distribution costs (transport by pipeline or NG tax(e.g.€ example ofexercisecosts Fig 7 3 /year. In the opinion of the Swedish experts, in € /Nm 3 less. /Nm 3 0.13);thenthere are theap- € /Nm /Nm /Nm 3 3 0.65. In the case of case the In 0.65. ). ). 3 . € /Nm € 3 /Nm ) plusthe 3 0.20)

9 TRENDs N V BIoGas uPGRaDING aND PuRIfIcaTIoN sysTEms

with a peak and decline in oil and gas pro- duction, and the substitution can happen fast enough. An important study made in Germany(1) now makes the point: the EU has a biogas produc- tion potential large enough to replace all natural gas which, in the present energy plannig, will be imported from Russia by 2020. This projection is made by the Institut für Ener- getik und Umwelt, based in Leipzig, and by the Öko-Instituts Darmstadt. According to the study, if the current produc- Fig 8 example of bio-gas cleaning costs tion trends continue, all of Europe's natural gas imported from Russia will be covered by locally produced biogas within 2 decades. Earlier, Ulrich Schmack, an energy advisor to the German government and manager of the world's largest biogas firm, came to the same conclusion. This projection created some controversy. But many experts tend to believe that it is right.

TRENDs At present, EU imports about 40% of all the consumed natural gas from Russia. In 2030, this 10 dependency will have increased to 60%. This outlook worries many, as it opens obvious Fig 9 example of preparation costs (cleaning + enrichment) questions about energy security.

In the recent past, the notorious gas disputes between Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, affected energy supplies to the EU. The Leipzig report on biogas, entitled "Mögli- chkeiten einer europäischen Biogaseinspeisung- sstrategie" ("The opportunities of a European strategy to feed biogas into the natural gas grid") puts this geopolitical question into an en- tirely different perspective.

The main findings of the study are: • Europe has a potential for the sustainable pro- Fig 10 example of pipeline connection costs duction of bio-methane of 500 billion cubic metres of natural gas equivalent per year. This is by and large the total amount of natural gas currently consumed by the entire European Union. • The entire EU's natural gas needs for the medium-term future (2020) can be met by biogas; all imports from Russia can be repla- ced, while the excess can substitute petroleum and coal. • The production of 500 billion cubic metres of biogas, fed into the pipeline network, will

result in a reduction of 15% of Europe's CO2 emissions. The Kyoto protocol imposes a re- Fig 11 example of global costs duction of 10%. • An efficient biogas-feed-in strategy will be The recent German study on Europe’s bio- build around the concept of 'biogas corridors': gas potential such corridors consist of biomass plantations As we have seen, there are some experts that established alongside the pipelines, so that maintain that we are fast approaching the peak the green gas can be fed into Europe's main of oil and gas production, and that the looming natural gas grid without the need for additio- energy crisis will result in the collapse of the nal pipelines and infrastructures. modern societies. • A Europe-wide biogas-feed-in strategy will The scientists are not that pessimistic. In their result in the creation of 2.7 million new jobs opinion, the substitution process has started within the EU. Employment will be generated already. They believe that there is more than mainly in agriculture, in the manufacture, con- enough sustainable biomass potential to cope 11 TRENDs 12 TRENDs N V BIoGas uPGRaDING aNDPuRIfIcaTIoN s Bio-fuel willbe fed intothemaingasgrid,so na- en theproduction siteandtheend-user." betwe- bridge the becomes network pipeline The lable forthesameapplications asnaturalgas. can giveitamuchwiderreach andmakeitavai- By feedingthegasintonatural gasgrid,we the production ofon-siteelectricityandheat. "until now,mainly usedfor 'normalbiogas'was Lenz, technicaldirector ofE.ONRuhrgas,saidthat gas motorway filling stations to serve cars. Jürgen Meanwhile, thecompanyisalsobuilding150bio- owned byE.ON,are nowunderconstruction. Germany, anumberofbiogaspurificationplants, feeding biogasintothegridforseveralyears.In Sweden, where thecompanyexperimentedwith E.ON's initiativeisbasedonsuccessfultrialsin imports 'inthenearfuture'. potential thatcanreplace halfofallRussiangas with current technologies, theindustrywilltapa and The Associationconcludesthatatthispace electricity. online, whichproduce about 5billionKWhof feedstock), with some 3,500 medium-scale plants facture andoperationofbiogas plants;producing Germany in 2006 (planning, construction, manu people havefoundemploymentinthissector segment ofallrenewable energies. Some10,000 growing fastest the it making 2006, in sector In Germanyalone,€1billionwasinvestedinthe experiencing areal boom in Europe. ticular thepurificationprocess. Thegreen gasis and unitesallofE.ON'sbiogasactivities,inpar- The newcompanyhasitsheadquartersinEssen pe's naturalgasnetwork. company dedicatedtofeedingbiogasintoEuro- provider, hascreated E.ONBioerdgas GmbH,a the world’s largestinvestor-owned energyservice the majorpublicutilitycompaniesinEurope and The GermanenergycompanyE.ONAG,oneof The Germanplans nch ofaEurope-wide biogas-strategy. work aimedatcreating aframeworkforthelau- Commission andstartpoliticallegislative andtheEuropeanman FederalGovernment The findingshavebeenpresented totheGer- of theGermanBundestag. grid, andtheGreen (Bundniss90/Grüne)fraction which haspioneered feedingbiogasintothe Biogas Association,thecitycouncilofAachen The studywascommissionedbytheGerman strategy. Europe hasenoughlandavailableforthebiogas such highamountsofenergyperhectare that ze varieties,aswellnewgrasshybrids,yield The researchers havefoundthatdedicatedmai- duction ofthegaseousbio-fuel. energy crops are beingdevelopedforthepro- The studystatesthatinEurope, manydifferent and biogaspurificationplants. struction andmanagementofbiogasplants ys TEms - must achieveCO Advanced Bio-fuels and Conventional Bio-fuels lowest CO growing interest inthefuel.Thegasalsohas This unparalleledefficiencyexplainsEurope's passenger carcantravel100,000kilometers. crops (suchasdedicatedmaize),anaverageCNG to-wheel energybalance:perhectare ofbiogas the mostefficientwhenitcomestototalwell- (including celluloseethanol),biogasisbio-fuels noticing it.E.ONsaidthatofallcurrent andfuture tural gascapablecars(CNG)willutilizeitwithout This isquiteodd,astogetjust 20%CO The lattermustachieveCO billions gallonsofthismustbeCelluloseBio-fuel. with the definition of Advanced Bio-fuels, and 16 Of thisamount,21billion(in2022)mustcomply lons in2022. gal billion 36 to up year each increases this but For thisyearthefigure stands at9billiongallons, that shouldbeproduced each year. Standard (RFS)stipulatesthe amountofbio-fuels the USAatendof2007,RenewableFuels The bio-fuelslegislationthatcameintoforce in US RenewableFuelsStandard renewable resources”. friendly products orfuel-related products from nological developmentofmore environmentally- audit(s) inthefieldofpilotprojects forthetech- tax reductions to:(a)taxable fuelsfiledundertax audit) mayapplytotalorpartialexemptions Community measures, Member States(undertax biastoother Article 15,stipulates:1.“Without directives. States thatwouldliketofinanciallysupportthese and electricity, provides regulations toMember framework forthetaxationofenergyproducts which relates torestructuring theCommunity 2003, 27, October of 2003/96/EC directive The March, 2007. by 2020,according totheEuropean Councilin consumption rateupto5.75%by2010,and10% EC of May 8, 2003 focused on raising the bio-fuel steps relating to bio-fuels. The directive 2003/30/ ment in2002,TheEuropean Uniontookeffective After theratificationofKyotoprotocol agree- EU basis wouldbe around 20%. emissions, and the netsavingsonawell-to-wheel nal bio-fuelsanetCO So thenewUSlegislationdemandsforconventio- [source: GAVE news11March 2008] respectively. give areduction ofabout25%tailpipeCO A shiftfrom gasolinetonaturalgasisenough bio-fuels. sion reduction there is notindeedtheneedfor 2 specificemissionofallbio-fuels. 2 reductions of50%and20% 2 savingsetat20%. 2 reductions of 60%. of reductions 2 emis- - 2

50%. AlsointhiscasetheCO se theAmericanlegislationtargethasbeensetat For theadvancedbio-fuelsproduced from cellulo- much higherbenefitinthis regard. And theuseofbio-methane,couldprovide a by USlegislation. CO blem ofurbanwastemanagementandtoreduce Oslo -madethischoicetoalleviatethepro- ce biogasproduction projects. have already beenreleased bytheregion tofinan- Euros million 30 and construction under are 80 there were already 24bio-methanisationplants, 2007, and 2006 between region, Lombardy In policy. andenvironmental mattersofenergy decisions on Lombardy region, itisuptotheregion tomake waste donotfallunderthecompetenceof Even ifpublictransportortheprocessing ofurban when itcomestoinitiatingthesekindsofprojects. Political decision-makersare takingonthebaton and publictransport. city councils,suchasmanagementofurbanwaste biogas inresponse toproblems managedbylocal have increased, duetoinitiativeswhichpromoted dy joinedBiogasmax.Bio-methanisationprojects Lombardy Some newsaboutBiomethane(3) to thecaseofliquidbio-fuels. the caseofbio-methaneare farhigher, compared engine, wouldachievetheCO gas, orfrom dieseltonaturalgasinadualfuel Hence, amere switchfrom gasolinetonatural English companies withaninterest innatural gas the attentionof theUKgovernment. UK -the«renewable naturalgas»hasattracted dual fueltechniques(gasand liquid fuel). tive marketwhichisaskingtoadapt bydeveloping Gasification Plant)inorder tocaterforanautomo- for woodwaste,GoBiGas(GothenburgBiomass Today Swedenhasthelargestgasification plant by 2050. policy,aiming forindependencefrom fossil fuels veloping anambitiousenergyandenvironmental de- time been a long has for methane. Sweden ral projects whichaimtodevelopusageofbio- seve- Gothenburg -isconducting December 2010. bus fuelledby gas should all becompleted by a service into putting and plant methanisation identifying thecolourofbags),buildingabio- The settingupofatri-opticwastesystem(by to developinitiativesbetween2007and2010. support, thefundshavealready beenobtained of theCityOslo,reported that,withpolitical Department Energy the of directorHeier, Helge 2 emissionsinpublictransport. - at the end of January 2008, Lombar 2 emissionsavingsin 2 savingsrequired - France supplying bio-methanetothecity’s buses. which hasanOrganicWaste Valorisation Centre Austria, Switzerland, andtheFrench townofLille, riences ofBiogasmaxpartnerssuchasSweden, expe the quotes Baldwin John bio-methane, of To underlinehispointaboutthehugepotential fuel imports. duction inglobalwarmingandreduction infossil many problems:to solutions wasterecycling, re- pointing outthatbio-methaneproduction offers campaign, this supports Baldwin John tariffs. so that gas suppliers could offer «green» gas methane asthataccorded to«green» electricity, They are claimingequivalent treatment forbio- financial supportfrom the government. lobbying forthisrenewable gasinorder toget tion) andREA(RenewableEnergyAssociation)are with NGVA Europe (NaturalGasVehicle Associa- The UKGasIndustryTrade Association,along bio-methane intothenaturalgasgrid. and there are no regulatory barriers toinjecting isinsignificant bio-methane biogasto grading Many studiesshowthattheenergycostofup- dealing withorganicwaste. for process best the Digestion» «Anaerobic red Ruddock, declared that her Department conside Joan Production, and Consumption Sustainable new plantswere started.TheBritishMinisterfor creasing UKcapacity by over 100%. In 2007, two plants havebeenbuiltintheUnitedKingdom,in- electricity. Since2005,sixnewbio-methanisation for this«green» gasasthataccorded to«green» are hopingtoobtainthesamefinancialstatus Ltd), Services CNG of Director (Managing dwin Bal John by supported energies, renewable and vehicle. the TICGNbecause itisrankedasnaturalgas for to liable is bio-methane was: answer MEDD The of thebio-methaneforvehicle toMEDD. LMCU submittedthematterof thetaxationstatus issues thattookplaceinFrance onOctober2007, ment, apublicconsultationabout environmental Taking advantageoftheGrenelle del’Environne- terms, incontrasttonaturalgas. difference: biogasisrenewable inenvironmental natural gasintermsofquality, there isonemajor Whilst itispossibletocompare bio-methanewith the naturalgasconsumption). consumption tax(TICGN,aFrench taxrelated to gas forvehicles,willbetaxedviathenatural that bio-methane,whichisclassifiedasnatural munauté Urbaine, Biogasmax project coordinator,) politan CommunityAuthorities(Metropole Com- Ministry, informed withalettertheLilleMetro- Environmental French the Durable), loppement Déve du et l’Ecologie de (Ministère MEDD the re the government agreement. On July 16, 2007, -inFrance,fueldistributionanduserequi- - - - -

13 TRENDs 14 TRENDs N V BIoGas uPGRaDING aNDPuRIfIcaTIoN s mac.com E-mail: [email protected]: www.cir- Tel. +3155 5340110Fax.+31555340050 Netherlands The Netherlands The APELDOORN DT 7334 APELDOORN BE 7301 501 Westenenk bvP.O.(2) CirmacInternational Box995Laanvan 8, 2007. Euractiv: GeopoliticsofEUenergysupply, -Feb. Its reporting, withavideo,canbefoundat: programme hadthescoop aboutthebiogasstudy. 21 Frontal ZDF's television national German The schen Biogaseinspeisungsstrategie" [*.pdf] - part 1. Or atÖkoInstituts:"Möglichkeiteneinereuropäi- Bundestag, January2007. ropäischen Biogaseinspeisungsstrategie" [*.pdf], Energetik undUmwelt:"Möglichkeiteneinereu- Bündnis 90/Die Grünen / Öko Instituts / Institut für (1) Thereport isavailableonline at: Notes operation withtheCityofStockholm. Technologythe RoyalInstituteof thesis at co- in This studyhasbeencarriedoutasaMaster's Stockholm. gas gridforbiomethanethatisplanned The largerplantswouldbeconnectedtoanew of 570GWh. producebiogas plantswould small and 15 total a count intheestimationsofpotential.11large needed forfoodproduction are takenintoac- Sewage, urbanwasteandagriculturalcrops not the metropolitan area inStockholm. could accountfor5%ofthetotalfuelmarketin Stockholm trucks from Esterracompany. methane about100busand4wastecollection bio- to fillwith was able stage and testing its last waste Valorization Center)ofLMCUgotout (Organic CVO the 2008, January On GHG. of tons/yearprevent9,000 will of This emission the 70 ofthesebio-methanebusesby2013. ste collectionoftheLMCU,tosetatargetfuel The companyEsterrawasentrustedwiththewa- city buses. ducing enoughbio-methanefueltosupply100 The LMCUbuiltabio-methanisationplantpro- to receive atotaltaxexemptiononbio-methane. le Métropole Communauté Urbaine, LMCU) hopes The LilleMetropolitan CommunityAuthorities(Lil- renewable fuel. ge ofatax-free statusforbio-methaneas100% But thoseencouragingstepsare onlythefirststa- ned inFrance. bio-methane forvehiclewasnotyetclearlydefi- This isaprogress becausetechnicalstatusofthe -biomethanefrom local feedstock ys TEms LP COOAB=lowpressure CO best practicesinmanagingpublictransportation. and sharingprocedures withtheintentofapplying methane related demonstrations and experiences is apartnershipwiththeobjectiveofsharingbio- projectEuropeanBiogasmax The = BIOGASMAX [see thetextatSnamReteGaswebsite] be injectedandtransportedbythepipelinesystem which determinethesuitabilityofnaturalgasto norms compulsory of set = Code Network (5) energy (4) “Biogasupgradingandutilisation”IEABio- biogasmax.eu/en/] http://www.website: Biogasmax from [News (3) of theengine. components and causedamagetotheinternal stons andcylinderheadsare extremely abrasive combustionenginesdepositsonpi- In internal inorganic. perties whilethe-Si-O-Si-O-backboneispurely The organicsidechainsconferhydrophobic pro- both organicandinorganiccompounds. ofa hybrid viewed as can be These compounds siloxane). (diphenyl [SiO(C6H5)2]n and (dimethylsiloxane) xanes. Representative examples are [SiO(CH3)2]n are commonlyknownassiliconesorpolysilo- Polymerized siloxaneswithorganicsidechains environmentally undesirable. cleaning. Perchloroethylene iswidelyconsidered toperchloroethyleneluated asalternatives fordry soaps. Theyoccurinlandfillgasandare beingeva- certain McDonalds fast food products, and some coatings, foodadditivessuchasthoseusedin smetics, deodorant,waterrepelling windshield Siloxanes canbefoundinproducts suchasco- con, oxygen,andalkane. The word siloxaneisderived from thewords sili- chains Rattachedtothesiliconatoms. silicon andoxygenatoms-Si-O-Si-O-,withside branched orunbranchedbackboneofalternating atom orahydrocarbon group. Asiloxanehasa of units ofthe form R2SiO, where Ris ahydrogen A siloxaneisanychemicalcompoundcomposed of biogas. causes potentialdamagestoutilizingequipment ak downintoawhite,abrasivepowderwhich and residential wastedischarges.Siloxanesbre- industrial from coming substances = Siloxanes 2 adsorption - 1. Februar 2006 Wien, DiplomatischeAkademie 1. Februar2006Wien, aus EnergiesystemederZukunft"-Mittwoch, vative AnsätzefürdieNetzeinspeisungErgebnisse the proceedings of the conference: Biogas – Inno Some datashowninthearticlewere takenfrom www.gastreatmentservices.com] [email protected] T +31(0)182621890-F891 12 -2861GVBergambachtTheNetherlands GtS gastreatment servicesTimmerfabriekstraat by [patented removal contaminant total = TCR ger willreduce theefficiency though depositsonthetubesofheatexchan- ling enginesare more resistant againstsiloxanes, eventually reduce thecomponentsefficiency. Stir- will turbocharger the of turbine the on Deposits hours orlessofoperation. Engines canrequire acomplete overhaul at5,000 -

15 TRENDs 16 focus oN NGV electric sUstainable Mobility reGGio eMilia, ficant award atItalianlevel bytheWEVA (World Award",tant "GlobalE-Visionary themostsigni- In 2003ReggioEmiliawasawarded theimpor- Italy. of “goodpractice”worthfollowing,notonlyin Reggio Emilia,effectively highlighted asanexample fic communityonthe"electricexperimentation"in that havedrawnthepublicattentionofscienti- This cityhaswonprestigiousprizes, international of first“electricalcity”inEurope. Europe, forwhichthiscity wasawarded thetitle zeroexperiences of in impact transportdeveloped ods intheurbanareas: one ofthemostadvanced electric vehiclesforthemobilityofpeopleandgo- Among them,theusemore andmore diffused of velop thesustainablemobility. reduction oftheatmospheric pollutionandtode- a seriesofinterventionstosignificantlyaffect the of ReggioEmiliahavecreated intherecent period environment,alth and andProvince theComune Well aware ofinterdependence oftransport,he- north andcentre). the traffic congestionmitigation(especiallyinthe provement ofthequalityatmosphericairand over thelastyearsforitscommitmentim- stration inReggioEmiliahasdistinguisheditself quality oflifeitsinhabitants,thelocaladmini- Among themanyprojects aimedatimproving the prosperous andcomfortablecitiesinItaly. an easytoliveincity, toprankingamongthemost With its 160,000 inhabitants, Reggio Emilia is today tHe city tHat tHe city Hasbeton the “ecorent” (Econoleggio),i.erenting ofthe An originalformula waschosenandlaunched: European level. nable mobilityofthelastyears attheItalianand one ofthemostadvancedexperiences ofsustai- tent theelectricvehicles.This hasgivenbirthto which havechosentoadopt anincreasing ex- e Ambientali(nowEnia)andConfcommercio, Farmacie ComunaliRiunite,AGACServiziEnergetici Emilia, ACTandTIL(headoftheproject) FCR boration betweenthecityandprovince ofReggio The attentiontoenvironment hasleadtothecolla- to assisthandicaporoldpeople. passengers, tocleantheroads andcollectgarbage, and inparticularthehistorycentre: totransport hicles ontheroads oftheterritoriReggioEmilia, which everyday, todotheirjob,exercise theirve- of theelectricvehiclemainpubliccompanies use the to "toconvert" idea: simple very a to 2000 Trasporti and the controlled TIL – could give birth in Consorziale Azienda their with – Emilia Reggio The project inwhichthe City and Province of The winningchoiceofthe“ecorent” 480,000 Euro, overtheeight yearsofactivity) alone, onthecostoffuel,(whichmeansabout saving of money of about 60,000 Euros in the 2007 a remarkable reduction ofnoise,andanimportant luting emissionsindowntownisaccompaniedby centre ofReggioEmilia).The reduction ofthepol- absorbed byaforest which is asbigthehistorical dioxide (whichistheamountofCO sion intheatmosphere ofnearly 300tonsofcarbon Emilia has avoided – in the 2007 alone – the emis- thanks toits"electricexperimentation",Reggio services. Andtheresults are remarkable indeed: transport ofpassengersandgoodsforother used bythepublicandprivatecompaniesfor sent inthiscitythere are 240electricvehiclesdaily mon anddaily”useoftheelectricvehicles.Atpre- From 2000on,inReggioEmiliapeoplemake“com- 2005 inMontecarlo. hybrid and fuel cell vehicles, held from 2 to 6 April Symposiumoftheelectric, the 21stInternational Electric Vehicle ImplementingAgreement within AgencyforEnergyoftheHybrid& International won the"BestpracticeAward", awarded bythe tric vehiclesintheurbanareas. Two yearslaterit most committedtotheuseanddiffusion ofelec- Electric Vehicle Association)tothecitieswhichare 2 thatcanbe Electric Power(there are 240oftheminReggio vehicles inEurope: more than500PorterPiaggio TIL ownsthelargestfleetofzero emissionselectric The fleetofelectricvehiclesTIL (Econoleggio). Italian andEuropean leader companyofEcorent school busandtouristrent vehicles).Itisalsothe time urbanbusondemandbyphone"Aladino", on demandforoldandhandicappeople,thenight me particularcategoriesofcustomers:transport public transport with otherservicesoffered toso- Reggio Emilia(itcanintegratetheserviceoflocal pany whichspecialisedinthetransportservices operative on 18 January 1999. Today TIL is a com- on 17 It November was 1998 born and it become Azienda ConsorzialeTrasporti. company partiallycontrolled bythelocalcompany responsibility ofTILTrasporti IntegratiLogistica,a cities havejoinedinoverthelastyears)isunder people inReggioEmilia(butmanyotherItalian companies andbodies,totraders,artisans, The electriccarrent serviceoffered tothepublic The role ofTIL is nowadaysasynonymofdailyuseandpractice. and"environmentas "alternative" friendly",and are nowaccustomedtowhatwasonceperceived needs oftheinhabitantsReggioEmilia,who and tolaunchprojects devisedonthebasisof le assistancelevelnotmeeting expectations, etc.) tric vehicles(e.g.toohighpurchase cost,aftersa- allowed tofighttheprejudices affecting theelec- zero emissioncarandcommercial vehicle,which • Reduction ofnoiseby90% • Zero emissionsofPM • Saving ofmore than145,000Litres fuel • of Reduction in total1,751,332Kmallowed: of more than240electricPorterPiaggio,running roads onthe dailyuse the In 2007 Emilia, ofReggio • • • • • • applications: The electricvehiclesPiaggioare suitabletomany only asaprofessional vehicle). versions tomeetalldifferent specificneeds(not alone). Itisavailableinmore thantwentydifferent tons with tiltinggarbagetank seats 2 patrol: areas green and cleaning Road ofmoreplatform 2,7square than metres surface Tr people, withelectricdrivenliftplatform Tr courtesy caretc Tr and 3cubicmetres loadspace doors 3 places, 2 transport: commercial Urban platform capableof1,4cubicmetres loadspace load + passengers 4 of transport use: Multiple ansport of handicap people: 3 seats + handicap ansport of bulky goods: 2 seats with open load ansport of people: 6 seats, used as shuttle, as used seats, 6 people: of ansport CO 2 emissionsofasmuch300

17 focus oN NGV 18 focus oN NGV city of tHe P air W iaGGio • Goodaccessibilitytotheloadplatform metres radius turn 3,7 drivability: good and dimensions Compact • hindrance payload. Upto1,100Kgofpayloadwithminimum the and dimensions the between ratio Excellent • The peculiarityofporter range whichissuitabletosatisfyanyneed. maturity: itischeap,clean,versatile,withamodel Nowadays Porterisavehiclewhichhasreached full daily workinamore efficient way. dotheir to artisansandtransporters traders, allows Piaggio Porterisconceivedtosatisfythisneed.It more thanacar, butwithagoodpayload capability. only bealightandcompactvehicle,nimblelike,or sted. Thesolutionforpeoplethatworkincities,can the frenetic lifeinthecities,more andmore conge- transport of goods and passengers mustcopewith In aworldthatmovesfasterandfaster, alsothe evident: 100,000unitssoldsofar. satility itsstrength point.ThesuccessofPorteris transport. Itisasmallfactotumwhichmakesver- the solutionformiddleandshorthaulurban it hasagoodpayloadcapability:PiaggioPorteris It isacommercial vehicle,nimbleandcompact,but with anevenincreased payloadcapability Presented MAXXI PORTER new the Emilia Reggio in orK:

P orter tHetHreeKeys oftHesUccess With allitsdifferentWith versions,Portercanmeetany Many versionsonemission services. areas, dedicatedtopedestrians, forpublicutility which isparticularlysuitabletooperateinprotected and theElectricPorter,a “zero emission” vehicle There alsoare aCNGversion(PorterGreen-power) BRC. injection system,developedinpartnershipwith phasedsequentialelectronicLPG) withamodern in facttheEco-Powerbi-fuelversion(gasolineand since 2008 the range of Porter models also includes Besides thetraditionalengines(allcertifiedEuro4), When theothersstop,Portercarriesonworking. cles canhencecirculate even incaseoftraffic block. and lowenvironment impact engines,whichvehi- ment leadtotheconstructionofarangecleaner The sensitivityofPiaggiotothethemeenviron- must beenvironment friendly. urban areas. Thisiswhyalsoacommercial vehicle their idealplaceofutilisationinthe Porter have attention toenvironment. Vehicles suchasPiaggio circulation in vehicle Any great a pay must today Environment friendly • lowenvironmental impactengines. market ofthissegment the on unique version, 4x4 the in available Also • ideal fortheuse"incity". the drivabilityandlowexercise coststhatare payload, while keeping the compact dimensions, mensions ofthewholesector:asmuch1,100Kg the better ratio between payload capability anddi- The newPorterMaxxiisacommercial vehiclewith Piaggio portermaxxi els driveversion,tooperateondifficult ground. All arrangementsare availablealsointhefourwhe- Chassis Van andwindowvan Pianale Ribaltabiletiltingplatformtrick truck Pianale andMaggioratotruckenlarged its ownpeculiarityandspecificmission: Porter isavailableinmanyversions,eachonewith need ofthecustomer. version (bi-fuelgasoline/LPG). innovative andenvironment friendlyEco-Power itisofferedrangements, the with also market to readytions, and ofspecialar- tothelargerange immediately available in four different configura- it distinguishesitselfforthecare forenvironment: Porter Maxxiisdestinedtotheuseincity, and

19 focus oN NGV 20 focus oN NGV President ofFedermetano Dante Natali, tHe in tHe fUtU V ision re to be able to offerbe able to morenot onlya car owners, the minimum qualitystandarddefine the strations to We are dealingwith theregional publicadmini- if theinfrastructure torefuel themisnotinplace. ilt vehiclesorconverted,which are notpurchased a longtimebecauseitisdealing withpurposelybu- existence of anew refuelling station requires quite creation ofaCNGvehiclefleetwhichjustifiesthe refuelling where stations theyare The mostneeded. ting totheproper extenttheconstructionofnew areas where issufficient already, withoutstimula- network mayleadtoanincrease of service inthe unplanned developmentoftherefuelling station may evenbeworsened.We fearinfactthatan of therefuellingdistribution the territorial stations, mind, becauseoftheriskthatunbalance on theotherhand,itraisedsomeperplexityinour which canstimulatetheimprovement ofthesector; useful role ofcompetitionamong fueldistributors, has metourappreciation, because webelieveinthe that hasliberalisedthefuelsale,ononehand On thisregard, itisworthsayingthatthedecree mobility attheserviceofourcountry. of amature andintrinsically efficient approach to to normalfuel, so thatitcan support thegrowth liarity tosomethinggeneral,from nicheproduct convert theuseofgaseousfuelfrom apecu- ation ofaCNGservicestationnetworkwhichmay Federmetano iscommittedtofosteringofthecre- on themotorways. natural gasrefuelling station networkisverypoor is notadequateandinparticular, thecompressed ignore thatinsomeoftheItalian regions theservice even compared totherecent past,butwecannot their distributionontheterritoryare forsure better, Nowadays thenumberofrefuelling stationsand tional territory. reach thetargetofcoverage of thewholena- a necessaryorbetter, indispensableconditionto The diffusion oftherefuelling stationnetworkis Natali sector toallowNGVadequatelydevelop? role mustbecovered bytherefuelling station is notthesameinallItalianregions. What hicle manufacturers. Thepossibilitytorefuel thanks tothegrowing commitmentoftheve- tive fuelisbecomingareal energyalternative, The useofcompressed naturalgasasautomo- M&M Interview to Dante Natali, President of Federmetano of

of federM n GV

etano can give an important contribution, is the technical can giveanimportant contribution,isthetechnical Another important aspecttowhichourexperience our customers. ty duetoalackofexperiencemay negativelyaffect knowledge toavoidthatanymanagement difficul- stations operatorstoconvey them thenecessary try todialogueasmuchpossible withtheservice the CNGproduct asawhole.Forthisreason, we single refuellingloyalty tothe to station,butalso customer keep our only to important not ration is The qualityofservicetheCNGrefuelling ope- ready thisconversion,sowebelieveisfeasible. owned bymembersofFedermetanohavedoneal- competitive onthemarket.Manyrefuelling stations a real challenge,butunavoidableforustokeep the mainroads, cumbersomestructures, etc.).Itis different from CNG (suburbanareas distantfrom with theinstallationofrefuelling systemsforfuels have created situationsthat are difficult tomatch Of course,therestrictive norms inforce inthepast in thisspecificsector. thanks totheirlongandvaluableexperiencegained they willalsooffer someadditional advantages, be competitivewiththeothers.Inthisway, maybe tional singlefuelrefuelling stations mustconvertto multi-fuel option.Thismeansthatthemosttradi- fuel refuelling stations,but itwillalsohingeonthe ture ofCNGisnolongerjust basedonthesingle development oftherefuelling stationinfrastruc- Federmetano isconvincedthatthepathwayto Natali the future? of theCNGrefuelling station networklikein refuelling stations.What willbethestructure is obtainedmainlybymeansofmulti-energy the growth oftherefuelling stationnetwork soline anddieseloilrefuelling stations.Today, were alwaysin different locationthan the ga- tions were onlyofthededicatedtype,sothey Until someyearsago,theCNGrefuelling sta- M&M urban areas. the ownershiptax,orpreferential accesstothe measures are sufficient, such as the reduction of attractive foralargercustomershare. Somesimple itmustgrowding and furtherbefore itbecomes public administrationbecausethissectorisstillbud- be supportedbyincentivemeasures issuedbythe The commitmentofFedermetanoshouldanyway diffused service,butalsoahighqualityservice. share ofcustomers. self-service optiontoasubstantialandincreasing with the most recent normsallows us to offer the tion ofonboard refuelling devicesincompliance obvious safetyreasons. The everincreasing adop- ses theycannotberefuelled inself-servicemodefor vehicles presently incirculation inItaly. Inmanyca- normative authoritiesinrelation tothetypeofCNG After all,weshare thecautiousapproach ofthe a betterservice. This atleastisourexpectationinviewofoffering sidered afterthenecessary experimentationstep. now imposedtothe“selfservice”couldberecon- The strong technicalandmanageriallimitations “multi dispenser”. CNG refuelling in“selfservice” mode,andwith cently enforced norm,that offer thechancefor Federmetano considersinapositivewaythere- Natali stations? vement oftheserviceCNGrefuelling to customers,whichistheprospect forimpro- Self service,businesshours,servicesoffered M&M can avoidmistakes. at thecompressor. Alsointhiscaseourexperience the naturalgaspipeline,andinletpressure to berefuelled, are forexamplethedistancefrom pay backoninvestment,besidesthevehiclefleet cation oftheprofitability ofthenewplantand Some otherfactorsthatcontributetotheidentifi- might create somesustainabilityproblems. the liquidtraditionalfuelrefuelling station,and phase islongerfortheCNGstationcompared to station mustcreateThisportfolio. its customers the newrefuellingstart-up phase,when all inthe and economicaloptimisationoftheplants,first is rapidlydevelopingfurther. that therefuelling stationinfrastructure existsand manufacturers andinparticular wewanttostress In thisregard,have thesametargetascar we technology intheshortandmiddleterm. logistics, willnotallowtoreally takeprofit oftheir electricity,reasonsthat for ofeconomy, technicalor solutions likeforexamplehydrogen, bio-fuelsor gy option,asopposedtowhatisthecaseforother and tohighlightthepresent availabilityofthisener- des theeconomicaladvantagesofuseCNG, We wanttostress theenvironmental benefitsbesi- the actualfleetincirculation. to anumberofNGVthatistwotimeslargerthan existing CNGrefuelling stations coulddeliverCNG most ofthenationalterritory. Already todaythe available in is easily that CNG customers cing our in particulargivinginformationandconvin- port the image oftheNGVsector. We are interested player, inallthemostimportantinstances,tosup- portant target.Federmetanowantstopropose as There isaproblem ofresources, butthisisanim- Natali tor whichisleavingamarketniche? play somerolethat marketingwill sec- intoa with bythesectoroperators.Canweforesee two themesthatsofarhavebeenpoorlydealt Imagine ofmethanefuelandcommunication: M&M stations withlimitedavailabilityofspace. spensers alsoinexistingtraditionalfuelrefuelling allow theinstallationofCNGappliancesanddi- the way, aremarkable stepforward, becausethey The multi-fueldispenserswithCNGrepresent, by

21 focus oN NGV 22 focus oN NGV N V Qua DRo NoRmaTIVo N GV 23 focus oN NGV 24 focus oN NGV to in bean italy enVironMent co : isitanaffordable ment councillor? the limitsand thechancesforanenviron- ge, andourfirstquestionto youis:whatare development. You havetotakethischallen- tory tofacethechallengeof thesustainable some fewkilometres. Thisisanideallabora- from theseasidetohillyregion inamatterof winter. Thisisanenvironment whichchanges inhabitants insummer, andfarlesspeoplein other, anddesultory, withalotofprovisional tuations thatare verydifferent onetothe Your province ischaracterisedbysomesi- M&M the environment. combine people’s welfare withthesafeguard of to apersonwhohasbeendeputedbysociety with councillorRomanitheambient;sototalk we havetakenprofit ofthis opportunitytoexplore theme ofthesafeguard oftheenvironment, so Metano &Motorihasalwaysbeensensitivetothe exceeded already, weare closetothat. consumption. So,evenifthelimithasnotbeen is howevertowards ageneral increase ofthe me lessthantheavailableamount.Thetendency are peoplethat,notfortheir ownchoice,consu- me more thantheavailable share, butthere also As a matter offact,there are people that consu- would needmore justone Earth planet. resources thanthetotalavailableamount;andwe would meanthatweare consuming more natural would exceed therespective available share, this based onasimplearithmeticdivision.Ifallofus inhabitant ofEarthhasoneportionathisdisposal, things are limitedquantity goods,henceeach ral resources: water, energy, round land,air. These a simpleconcept:eachoneofusconsumesnatu- visitor toassesshisown“ecologicalfootprint”.It’s the technologicalcomponentswhichenableeach rials (andthisisalready aclearmessage)except withrecycledThe wholestandisfurnished mate- mental sustainabilityofthelifestilesoursociety. scuss withvisitorsaboutthethemeofenviron- Province ofRiminihadatEcomondoFairtodi- We metcouncillorRomaniatthestandthat areas protected areas, andprotection ofrivers agenda 21, integrated management of coastal ronment, policyforthesustainabledevelopment, Interview toCesarinoRomanicouncillorforenvi- cHallenGe Uncillor It wouldbenecessary toreverse theconcept of reactions from thesideofconsumers and traders. because thoseconceptsmaycreate somenegative are notproductive from thepoliticalpointofview, to avoidcommunicateaboutthe conceptswhich On the other hand, we are facing the tendency are we hence else.somebody to them stealing more naturalresources thanthoseavailable,and king peopletounderstandthatweare consuming on theonehand,itisnoteasyandamusingma- is fundamental,butitaffected by twobiglimits: the inhabitants.Onthisregard thecommunication effective ifwedon’t obtaintheparticipationof relations betweenmanandenvironment are not But themeasures thatare destinedtoaffect the the sectorswhere wehadtointervene. province territory, andtocreate thepriorityand ecologic footprintofthedifferent areas ofthe lected informationhasbeenusedtodefinethe recommendations from theinhabitants.Thecol- data ontheconditionsofenvironment, and which contemplatedthesystematiccollectionof of theProvince ofRimini I devisedaworkplan When IwasassignedthischargebythePresident process tomeetourtargets. public administrations;andthiscanslackenthe there isnotalwaysacommon visioninsidethe rect environment friendlypolicy. Butonthisside the ecosystemis the prioritycommitmentin a cor- For example,theprevention ofthedamagesto ideas intoactualfacts. resources whichare necessarytotransformthese ther from thelackorinadequacy oftheavailable ideas, thatsometimesare even toomany, butra- The difficulties originatenot from thelackof and environment protection ontheotherhand. production andconsumption ontheonehand, and acontroller ofanadvanced balancebetween allowances, ratherthananactiveprimaryplayer ship ismore anofficeforthecheckandissuingof Unfortunately, todayanenvironment councillor- the role oftheenvironment councillor. sponsibility assignedtothosewhohaveplay These great expectationsimplyanenormousre- live inanuncontaminatedEden. fare. Butatthesametime,heorshewouldliketo ep andpossiblyevenincrease hisorherownwel- expectations becauseeachoneofuswantstoke- In thecollectiveimagination,there are veryhigh considers toberightandimportant. the chanceofmeetingtargetswhichheorshe The real challengethateachoneofusmustfaceis Cesarino Romani ? territory; itisthemainsource ofpollution. bility isthemainproblem onthewholeprovincial From thepointofviewenvironment, mo- Cesarino Romani sustainable mobility? intervention possibilitiesforanecologically our magazine,whatare inyouropinion,the themain themeof As forwhatisconcerning M&M “environment isbeautiful”. has convincedalsothemostscepticalonesinthat become acommercial competition factorwhich logical imageofthepartnersthisproject has and forenergysaving.Afterashorttimetheeco- waste water, for production ofrenewable energy, selective collectionofgarbage,forthereuse of their bathingestablishmentssomesystemsforthe bathing-attendants”, whohaveinstalledinside scaleisthatofthe“eco-sustainable international Another project whichisindeed extendingtothe and moneysavingtopeople. created somejobopportunities fortheoperators tion campaignoftheenergyefficiencywhichhas thermo-hydraulic techniciansinvolvedinapromo- agreement betweensomeartisanssuchasthe in theprivatesector, startingfrom thehotels, the promotion ofthepurchase ofcleanvehicles Among theseprojects Iwould liketomention supporters. petitors totheenvironmental policiesintofervent projects that have convertedsomepotentialcom- In thisviewwehavedevisedanddoneaseriesof destroy itinstead. in thelongterm,wewon’t create wealth,wewill fruition ofnaturalresources. thisbalance, Without proper balancebetweenconsumptionandthe for thesustainabledevelopment,keeping the necessaryconditiontostartagoodstrategy in theconceptofgood.Environmental policiesare easier andenjoyable,isnotstrictlyincluded in order totakeintoaccountallwhatmakeslife sessing welfare, shiftingfrom thePILtoISEW with theUniversityofSienaadifferent wayofas- On thisregard wehavedevelopedincollaboration and goodlifestyle. stimulates newtechnologydevelopment,tourism, tremendousit isa te, it as enrichment, of factor we shouldmakepeopleunderstandthat,opposi- as anobstacletotheeconomicdevelopment;and environment protection, whichisatpresent seen vironment wouldbefarlower. would befarhigherandthedamagesforen- car, andbicycle. Inthiswaytheglobalefficiency nerary he has to cover, choosing between train, can chosethemostsuitablevehicleforiti- system forexchangingvehiclessothateverybody The mostambitioustargetwouldbetocreate a sharing system. down ofbicyclelanesandthecreation ofabike tial lanesforpublictransportvehicles,thelaying non vehicularmobility, theadoptionofpreferen- main placesoftheterritory, thesupportfor light dutyvehicletransportlinestoconnectthe the numberoftrolley buses, theconstructionof Also usefulmeasures are tokeepandincrease choosing thecleanervehiclesavailabletoday. so it will benecessary torenew thevehicle fleet Also thequalityofpublictransportisimportant, vehicles intherest oftheday. deserted and hours, rush in vehicles transport wise wewillkeeponhavingovercrowded public catch thetrafficflowsandcopewiththem,other- lity anddifferentiation. Thepublictransportmust needs ofpeoplewithmore mobilityoffer flexibi- make thetransportutilitiesquickerinmeeting I thinkthatwewillhavetodoalotofthings effectiveness. ve whichhasanequivalentcomfortablenessand senger transportisnotabletooffer anyalternati- main toolforthemobility, whilethepublicpas- Unfortunately, theprivatepassengercaris become chronic onallroads. because ofthetrafficcongestion,thatnowhas bility, butshouldrathertalkabout“immobility” As amatteroffact,weshouldnottalkaboutmo-

25 focus oN NGV 26 focus oN NGV view oftheDresserdi Talamona factory tHe at tHef enerGy oot of dwide. of thetransportsystematItalianlevelandworl- the developmentofconversiontonaturalgas more important,because they are dealingwith shed, butitfacesnewchallenges,perhapseven no longeraimedatthatstrategy, nowaccompli- Talamona is in plant production DresserToday the work inashorttime. pipelinenet- make itpossibletobuildamodern the country, but italsowasa fundamental stepto for thepopulationinlessdevelopedareas of The firmin Talamona didmeettheneedforjobs stry inItalyafterthesecondworldwar. structure forthedevelopment ofnaturalgasindu- sightedness ofEnricoMattei,becomethestrategic Firenze which,thanksto the entrepreneurial far- long history of Nuovo Pignone, historical firm in Dresser,the of mind plant in ductive bearing while NGV industry“madeinItaly”,wegottothepro- In ourdecennialitineraryofexplorationthe trucks, busesandcarsinthefivecontinents. the product isdestinedtorefuelling stationsfor manufactured (compressor anddispenser) compressed naturalgas.Here thefullsystemis The mainactivityfieldofthefirminis Talamona gaseous fuelsystemtechnology. built theworldwidefamousindustrialcore ofits has Dresser firm multinational the valley this of so manypeopleknowsanywaythatattheheart Ofcourse all thisexists anditismarvellous. Not for glaciers,gastronomy, andtourism… Valtellina isapartofItalythatnormallyfamous Visit tothepremisesofDresserinTalamona alPs tHat driVesWorld oriGinates must takeall necessary all safetynorms and are boundtoobserve people. Theworkers starting from safetyfor all isaccuratelyruled, entering aspacewhere feels theimpression of background, thevisitor the mountainson the mainroad, with mises whichcoasts of theindustrialpre- Since theentrypoint

efficiency, economy, and reliability over thetime. the mostappropriate combinationintermsof de bymodulessothatthedesign isfocusedon All systemcomponentsare standardised andma- points). needs (inletpressure, flow rate,numberoffilling sor-dispenser systemonthebasisofcustomer a specificdesignisdonetooptimisethecompres- Before thebuildingphaseofrefuelling station, bling andfinalapproval testing. the systembymeansprogressive validationassem- portant production stepisdone:harmonizationof In theproduction plantinTalamona themostim- rements andthereference standard. check onlyiftheyperfectlymeetthedesignrequi- the qualityofcomponents,whichpass to renounce to need the without – plants duction example thecostsduetopartialutilizationofpro- In thisway, unnecessary costsare avoided-for outsourcing oftheproduction ofallcomponents. sacrifices onthesideofquality, bymeansof of therefuelling systems, isattainedwithout The costreduction, hence thecompetitiveness stop, ordoesnotstart. within thetolerancemargin,process goestoa rous way. Ifevenjustoneofsaidparametersisnot of qualityparametersappliedinanextremely rigo- product delivery, issupervisedbymeansofaseries nufactured product attheinletuptofinished the qualitycheckonmaterialsandsemi-ma- To production single every end, this from step, over thetime. and reliability totheknow-how already settled The firm’s philosophyistoconstantlyaddquality Dresser inTalamona. compressors andrefuelling stationsisorganisedat Let’s seehowtheproduction process ofCNG be appreciated. person isatstake,thisobservanceoftheruleswill flexibility whentheproduct qualityorthesafetyof the adoptedindustrialsystemstopsprocedure and abitextravagant.Butlateron,knowingthat by thehost.Atfirstallthismayseem redundant, use thesafetydevicesimposedbynorms,offered to complywiththesamesafetyrules,andmust This alsoappliestovisitors,whomustbehaveso precautions toprevent eventheleastaccident. Testing ofthecompressor Compressor assemblyzone. Design ofacompressorandcompressionstation well. design value,isamachinewhichwillalwaysrun without excessiveeffortwhich runs the exceeding bench tocheckforabnormalfriction.Amachine damental componentsinstalled,itistestedontest When thecompressor isfinishedwithallitsfun- dy partoftheproduct. component anditsintegrationwithwhatisalrea- tests toverifyboththeperformanceofadded procedure, whichincludesaseriesoffunctional Each componentisaddedaccording toapreset tion zone. sitioning ofthecompressor baseontheconstruc- The real constructionprocess beginswiththepo- will havetobuild,withnomistakepossible. becomes inthiswaytheguidelineforthosewho of eachsinglepartuptothelastboltando-ring, Each componentisdigitalizedandthefullproject refuelling stations. allows thesimultaneousandindependentoftwo The testingbenchinstalledinsidethepremises which willapplyinserviceonfield. conditions operating gas whichsimulatesthe fect, ormalfunction.Testing isdonewith natural tely goinoperation,withnoneedforotherin- reach thedestination,will beready toimmedia- When thiscontainerwilllivethefactoryand store ittorefrigerate andsendtothedispensers. natural gasfrom thepipeline,tocompress it,to container whichhostsallwhatisneededtotake of “CUBOGAS”starts.CUBOGASisametallic When thecompressor isready, theassembling operation ofthewholesystemdepends. the moststrainedcomponent,onwhichgood represents theheartofrefuelling station.Itis of thecompressor isjustifiedbythefactthatthis The particularcare devotedtotheconstruction sers, etc. station: cooler, meterandcontrol, driver, dispen- connect ittotheothersectionsofrefuelling compressor are installedallthefunctionaljointsto After passingthefirstconstructionstep,on all testsandqualitycheckwhiletheyare done. plant istransparent, asthecustomercanattend Of coursealltheconstructionprocedure ofthe flaw, constructionde- tify theabsenceofany to afulltestingcer- ry dispenserissubject “CUBOGAS” andeve- Before delivery, every never ends”. testing “the Dresser by pression systemsmade Also forthegascom- dispensers. streamconnection to to pipeline,anddown- upstream connection terventions, apartfrom Completion ofthecompressor

27 focus oN NGV 28 focus oN NGV Testing areaforcompressionplantsanddispensers N V THE ENERGy THaT DRIVEsWoRlD oRIGINaTEs aT THEfooT ofalPs Il “CUBOGAS”attheendofconstructionprocess “CUBOGAS” assemblyline • • • • PEDcertification; • • constructionandmanagementsimplicity; • maintenanceeaseandshorttime; • durabilityandreliability; philosophy ofDresser inTalamona are: In brief,thefundamentalpointsofproduction tion, andtoincrease thecustomer satisfaction. policy todecreaseinterven- thecosts ofexternal the correction ofmalfunctions. Thisisacompany vention, afterinstallationofthesystemonsite,for particularly stricttoavoidanysubsequentinter- The testingprotocols ofthe finishedproducts are Livery ofsalespoints tothecustomerdemand; tional standards; ling stationandthepaymentsystem, tointerna- refuel the of systems management Integrated thanks tohighstandardization ofcomponents; parts spare of availability complete and Quick and notinthecompressor crankcase; heads cylinder the in only pressure under in gas - Shipment ofa“CUBOGAS” arding pointsforintercontinental transportation. ke themtodestination,orship,airplanebo- delivery, and loaded ontruckswhichwilleasilyta- rified, the refuelling stations are prepared forthe Once thesuitabilityoffinishedproduct isve- really suchastrong need. world, aswellspare parts,evenifthere isnot ventions are ofcourseavailableeverywhere inthe T • he regular andextraordinary maintenanceinter- Widespread netofauthorisedassistancepoints. Widespread with SMSSCADAsystem) that takeapplyour“FullMaintenance”maintenanceservice 0,3% ofutilizationcycle(averagedatareferring tomachines emergency: machine break downtimefornormalmaintenanceand starting from 30daysafterorder Delivery time: from 0,1to200bar Pressure suctionrangefrom pipeline: from 100to5000Smc/h Dispensing range: 120 dispenser/month 50 compressors/month 30 cubogas/month Production capability: Milano. CNG refuelling stationinthefirstmonthsof2009area of The partnersoftheproject hopefortheopeningofthisself-service service mode. teristics ofanattendedCNGrefuelling stationsuitablefortheself- October), which prescribes thedesign, constructionandmanagementcharac- 18 the since application in hence 2008, October 3 the on Italiana Repubblica della Ufficiale Gazzetta on (published 2008, September 11 DM recent the of Affairs, Internal of Ministry the by tional phase(atlast,afteralongwait…..),theenforcement operate inself-servicemode.Theproject cannowstarttheopera- pilot project,apublicCNGrefuelling concerning stationwhichcan with apartnerfrom thegas industry, forthecompletionoffirst collaboration in months, some for working been has WayneDresser TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSCUBOGAS - - - detectionofthepossiblemalfunctioncauses - simulationofthereal operationconditions ensures: which system diagnostic SCADA SMS our with parameters Constant remote connectionformonitoringofallfunction Assistance: systems guaranteedmonitoringviamodemorothercommunication with theContrattosiServizio costs lower of availability and Time” in “Just maintenance

29 focus oN NGV 30 focus oN NGV dresser Wayne PiGnone interVieW to of lubrication oil per 4,000 hours of service. Experts of lubricationoil per4,000hoursofservice.Experts compressors donotconsumemore than onelitre There isaconstantimprovement. Already today our Paolo Petracchi application chain? vement ontherefuelling sideofthefullNGV Do youforesee anyfurthertechnologyimpro- M&M maintenance system) and diagnostic SCADA SMS the with Maintenance to avoidunplannedmaintenancebreak down(Full to immediatelyalertonpossiblemalfunctionsso sing centres toconstantlymonitorthefunctionsand with thePLCwhichisconnectedtodataproces- level, allthemanufactured CUBOGASare supplied effectivea quickand technicalassistanceatworld the standardisation ofthe components. To ensure by thecompletedigitizationofprojects and decentralised production at worldlevelisallowed me more plantsinBrazil, ChinaandinUSA.The our production plantinTalamona, wewillbuildso- and 1,100in2013.To meetthesetargets,besides be to able tomanufacture 245of them per yearin2009, expect we and 2008; in 180 to up 2005 in ty, whichhas increased from 50CUBOGASperyear expansion withanincrease of itsproduction capaci- market this fostering is far.Dresser so consequence coming again,butwithoutanysignificantpractical there issomeevidencethat theinterest forCNGis some yearsago,butthenitcametoahalt.Today important marketisthatofUSA.Itmadeagodstart of CNGbutnottothesameextent.Anothervery European countriesinwhich there isadevelopment mature marketssuchasLatin Americaandsome East, withIraninthefirstplace.Thenthere are 1,000. Anotherstrong growth marketisMiddle are convertedeveryday, andthetargetiscloseto Thailand inparticulartodaymore than500vehicles where there isayearlygrowth trend over40%.In countriessuchasPakistan,Thailand,India, eastern extremelyfacing an the in situationtoday exciting The useofcompressed naturalgasforvehiclesis Paolo Petracchi on vehiclesinthevisionofDresser? What willbethefuture likefortheuseofCNG M&M Dresser Wayne Pignone PresidentVice Gas and RetailDivision Interview toPaoloPetracchi Paolo PetraccHi vention costs and time. vention costsand time. compression chambers,withextremely lowinter- the revolution rateorbysubstitutionofpistonsand of themachines,whichcanbe donebyactingon on theserviceneeds,andafterward forupgrading phase fortheoptimisationof the systemsbased looking afteritscustomers,both inthepreliminary is Dresser level. international at scattered centres are immediate,thankstothenetworkoftechnical order, andthetechnicalassistanceinterventions with thedispatchingnolaterthan30daysafter day wecandeliverourproducts allovertheworld, wide workingspaceavailablewhere necessary. To- components, with location strategyoftheinternal The maintenanceofourmachinesiseasedbythe abroad, andthishasnevercreated any problem. ling operationmodeisalready availableandused management ofthestations.Theself-servicerefuel- all thefinancialoptionsavailabletodayforaneasy with systems payment own its created has Dresser Paolo Petracchi What facilitydoyouoffer yourcustomers? M&M availability ofthehomerefuelling alone. possibility ofusingtheNGV, independentlyfrom the station network,insuchawayastoensure the are complementary to acapillary road refuelling present. Asforthehome compressors,I thinkthey which isintensivelyapplyingmetallicmaterialsat notonlyvehicles,butalsoourproduction, concern by thetechnologydevelopment.Thisaspectwill application ofnewnonmetallicmaterialsprovided to thissituation will bethe more andmore massive arising onthemarketofrawmaterials.Theanswer of theworlddemandisoneproblems now safe andcheap.Thescarcity ofthemetalsinrespect refuelling operationmore andmore efficient,quick, applying themanditisstudyingtomakethe already is Dresser and possible are improvements to usenaturalgasinliquidform.Theseandother option inprospect, butwestilllackvehiclesable the samepressure. TheuseofLNGisaninteresting higher compared tothetraditionalsystemsfillingat 8-13% by is which rate filling a with fill complete a parameters besidespressure. Inthiswaywecando an algorithmthattakesintoaccountmanydifferent ces performtherefuelling operationonthebasisof increases bymore than50%.Ourrefuelling applian- nal systems,witharesulting runningrangewhich service pressure istwiceasmuchthatoftraditio- are studyinganon-board gasstoragesystemwhich

It hastheaspectofacabineasilytransportable,madereinforced various industriaprocesses. The moduleisalsosuitabletothecompression oftechnicalgasesin to anyneedofflowrate. of CNG,adaptabletoanyintakepressure ofgasfrom pipelineand sembled module unit, optimised for thecompression and distribution preas a is it – CE certified module compression – “GASVECTOR” Main products commercialised intheworld: the market. young anddynamicstaff, ready totakeandwinthechallenge of working inayoungenvironment, withalongtraditionbut Gasistheperfectblendofskilfulandmotivatedpersonnel, Fornovo bar, andrequire apowerbetween22and400kW. Gas canworkwithavariablesuctionpressure between 0and220 flexible inoperatingconditions.Thecompressors madebyFornovo The compressorsGasare builtbyFornovo efficient, reliable andhighly 9001:2000 foritswholeactivity. core businessofthecompany. ThefirmhasbeencertifiedtoISO CNG compressors anddispenserswhichhavebecomenowthe recently withthedesign,manufacturingandsaleofanewline Gasalsostarted Having gainedsuchawideexperience,Fornovo • Transport ofCNGbycylindertruck. • maintenanceofCNGrefuelling stations Italy • CNGdistributioninnorthern Gaswasformedin1969,anditresponsibleFornovo for: n GV GV sP - tH read E-mail: [email protected] Tel. +390522-557675;Fax0522550112; GasS.r.l.Fornovo P.M. –Via Curie,14–42100ReggioEmilia. hour adayavailabilityofourexpertsandassistants,alltheyearround. result offortyyearsexperience withourcustomerservice,24 fromgements programmed thisisthe service”, to“full maintenance “AFTER SALEASSISTANCE”: assistancecontractswithmanyarran- down tothestartupofplant. including thepassagefornecessaryadministrativepermissions, fleets. We candevelopthewholebuildingprocess, from engineering, The systemcanbeapublic refuelling station,orarefuelling stationfor piping, commissioning,startupandtraining. and distributionsystemofCNG,includingancillariesconnecting compression the of – world the of countries the all in and Italy in - “TURN KEYCNGREFUELLINGSTATION”: keydelivery turn data and/orthecentralunitoffirm. can exchangeoperationaldatawiththecentralcontrol ofrefuelling me, withaveryhighreliability rateandveryeasymaintenance,it levels. Ithasgotanelectronic counterandaselfdiagnosticprogram- various pressureoperation, on automatic designed for dispenser is vehicle independentfrom pressure, temperature anddensity. The the devicemetersactualmassflowofgas(Kg)delivered tothe “ELECTRONIC DISPENSEROFCNG”: concrete andsteel. e i talian tradition o V er tHe W orld

31 focus oN NGV .

a GroUP of tWenty larGe firMs, coMMitted to tHe nGV sector

Our magazine carries on also on this issue, with the profile readers that this Consortium was founded in 1996, and it collects description of the firms which are members of the Consortium the most representative Italian operators of this sector, thanks to Natural Gas Vehicle System Italia. We would like to remind our whom the use of natural gas as fuel for vehicles is today a reality.

TEm ITalIa sEcTIoN TEm ITalIa dresser Wayne PiGnone NGV sys

32 dresser Wayne PiGnone

33 NGV sys TEm ITalIa sEcTIoN 34 NGV sys TEm ITalIa sEcTIoN M ecos & M a GRouP of TWENTy laRGE fIRms, commITTED ToTHEN fIRms,commITTED laRGE a GRouP ofTWENTy [email protected] -www.metano.net Via S.Fede, 2-81024 Maddaloni(CE)Italy-Tel. +390823203121-Fax +390823204684 Ecos -Ingegneriaperimpiantidirifornimento etrasportometanosugomma maggiori infoedettagli:http://officinaidrogeno.blog.tiscali.it/). una MultiplaBipoweralimentataamiscelaidrogeno-metano,cheriforniamo tramiteilnostroprototipodiimpianto(per La ECOSs.r.l. conaltripartners,parallelamentealleprovesulimpiantoperlemiscele,staconducendosustrada con attualmente applicabilinelsettoredelmetano. miscele idrogeno-metanorappresentanol’immediatasoluzionedifruibilità delvettoreIdrogenoutilizzandotecnologie nella conversionedeitradizionalidistributoridimetanoinidrogeno emisceleidrogeno-metano.Infatti,le Si staconducendo,infatti,uncalendariodiprovecheserviranno,nelprossimo futuro,periltrasferimentotecnologico idrogeno rispettoalmetano(gasnaturale). del metano,nonchédeisistemiperlostoccaggioediltrasportogascompressiintuttal’areacentro-sud. commerciale], finoadarrivareallarealizzazioneemanutenzionedegliimpiantiperlacompressionedistribuzione La ECOSs.r.l. operanelsettoredelmetanoperautotrazione,spaziandodallaprogettazioneeconsulenza[tecnica,legale distribuzione dimetanoedidrogeno. autotrazione, oggièun’azienda leadernelsettoredelgasnaturalecompresso,impegnatanellarealizzazionediimpianti La ECOSs.r.l. “SOLUZIONIAPORTATA DIGAS”, natanel2000comesintesidispecialistisettoredelmetanoper attualmente comepiattaformaperunaseriediproveconmisceleavariotenore per laproduzionedellemisceleidrogeno-metano(cosiddetteHCNG)cheserve Nella sedeoperativadell’aziendaèstatorealizzatounprototipofunzionantediimpianto legate all’usodelvettoreidrogenonellafilierametanoperautotrazione. idrogeno-metano neltrasportopubblicolocaleeprivato,ègiàleaderdelletecnologie Accordo Quadroperl’usoel’incentivazionedelletecnologielegateall’usomiscele dellaSecondaUniversitàdiNapoli(SUN),rafforzatanel2007conun e Meccanica(D.I.A.M.) La ECOSs.r.l. conlafattivacollaborazioneilDipartimentodiIngegneriaAerospaziale Programma Quadro. priorità dellaComunitàEuropea,rappresentandounodeiprincipaliargomentidel7° idrogeno-metano; settorelegatoaltemadellaMobilitàSostenibilechericadetrale precompetitivo nelsettoredeicombustibilialternativi,inparticolaredellemiscele Dal 2005laECOSs.r.l. profondeilsuoimpegnonellaricercaindustrialeenellosviluppo dei sistemiditrasportoemisuragasnaturalecompresso. Nelle attivitàaziendalidellaECOSs.r.l. rientranoiserviziditaratureeverificheperiodiche GV s GV EcToR ecos Ecos - Ingegneria per impianti di rifornimento e trasporto metano su gomma su metano trasporto e rifornimento di impianti per Ingegneria - Ecos puntuale efficienzaeprofessionalità,attentaall’esperienzepassatecontinuamenteaggiornataconilfuturo. in continuaevoluzioneedespansione,qualequellodelmetanocompresso,nonchédell’idrogeno,garantendouna Tutto questofadellaEcoss.r.l. unaaziendaqualificata,capacedioffrirevalidesoluzionitecnico-operative,inunsettore Via S. Fede, 2 - 81024 Maddaloni (CE) Italy - - Italy (CE) Maddaloni 81024 - 2 Fede, S. Via [email protected] - www.metano.net www.metano.net - [email protected] - impiantielettriciinareepericolose - impiantitecnologicieidraulicipergasmetanoedidrogeno - sistemiditrasportometanocompressoadaltapressione - stazionidistoccaggioadaltapressionemetanoedidrogeno - stazionidirifornimentocarburantiliquiditradizionali - stazionidirifornimentoidrogenoperautotrazione - stazionidirifornimentogasmetanoperauto manutenzione di: ECOS sioccupadiprogettazione,consulenzatecnicaelegale,installazione Tel. +39 0823 203121 - - 203121 0823 +39 Fax +39 0823 204684 0823 +39

35 NGV sys TEm ITalIa sEcTIoN 36 NGV sys TEm ITalIa sEcTIoN M eMer & M functionality andtightnesscontrol. and ISO9001:2000. The entireproductionis100%testedfor Today EmeriscertifiedaccordingtoStandardISO/TS16949:2002 performances andanexcellentdriveability. after markettoworkataconstantpressureof10bars,forhigh solutions, likethenew“CNGsystemat10bars”,onlyonein highest qualitativestandardstogetherwithadvancedtechnical Emer innovatedlpgandcngsystemsoffered inthemarketguarantee delivery tothecustomerandbeyond. technical supportprograms,fromthephaseofdevelopment,until and lpgofautomotivefuelsystems,whileguaranteeinghighprofile Emer missionistocreatevanguardsolutionsforconversioncng world-wide theautomotiveindustry. according andincooperationwiththemajorprotagonistsof All Emernewcreationsaredeveloped,testedandhomologated Today Emeradvanced technologyiswellknownallovertheworld. Emer hasalwaysbeensynonymousofindustrialinnovation. Emerging figureinthealternativefuelmarketsincebeginning, - Pipes,highpressuretubesandsystemsaccessories - Fillingvalves,cngcylindersvalvesandlpgmultivalves - CngandLpgsystems a GRouP of TWENTy laRGE fIRms, commITTED ToTHEN fIRms,commITTED laRGE a GRouP ofTWENTy www.emer.it via Roma104A -Collebeato (BS)-Cap.25060 viaBormioli33-Brescia -Cap.25123 tel. +390302510391-fax2510392 Valves testedbyrobotequipment Legal Administrative Seat Legal Administrative e-mail commercial Valves assemblyline GV s GV tel. +390302350033 Productive Unit: EcToR @ emer.it : 37 lE PaGINE DEll ’NG V s ys TEm ITalIa 38 TEcHNIcal sEcTIoN tHe and self-serVice for neW

Ministry positive impact of these innovations on the further positive impact of theseinnovationsonthefurther aspect willlikely tendtomoderatethepotentially the equivalentnormsinapplication abroad. This quisites thatare veryrestrictive, ifcompared with that thetextofthesemeasure containsomere- anxiously awaiting.Itisworth notingbytheway innovations theItalianNGVsector operatorswere dispenser andself-serviceare thusacoupleof kept constantlyatanichemarketlevel.Multi- opposite, CNGwasneverphasedout,buthas Italy In 2020. in million 65 around level a to up Vehicles) evenpredicted thispopulationtogrow Associationfor NaturalGas IANGV (International population isnowinexcessof8millionvehicles. andpopulation.Thetotal NGVworld vernments sing economicandenvironmental interest ofgo- and developedquickly, leveragedbyanincrea- decades, thistechnologycamebackinapplication low costliquidfuels.More recently, inthetwolast cation was totally abandoned, duetothe booming America. TheninallcountriesbutItaly, thisappli- France, like countries someother andin in Italy logy budded in the LD and HD automotive sector this techno- better terms:backinthethirties Or in CNG totheofNGVmarketthanItalianone. can boastalongerexperienceintheapplication when consideringthatnocountryintheworld facto prohibited sofar. Thisappeared quiteodd, were self-service and multi-dispenser Italy both de tion thosewiththebiggestNGVmarket.ButIn as Argentina,Brazil,NorthAmerica,justtomen- and alsoinmanyextra-European countries,such Germany, Czech Republic,Sweden,Switzerland, countries havingaNGVmarket,suchasAustria, tion sincelongnowinalmostalltheEuropean the NGVsector, andtheyhavebeeninapplica- are twoaspectsverycommon andwellsettledin it isnothingnew. Multidispenserandselfservice CNG refuelling stations.Mind you,inreal terms, self service (decree 11 September 2008) in public multi-dispenser (decree 23 September 2008) and enforcedof aim ofallowingtheadoption havethe with the decree 27 January 2006. The amendments 2002, whichhadbeenpartiallyamendedalready amendments to the decrees 24 May and 28 June These twodecrees introduce someimportant della Repubblica Italiana n 232 of 3 October 2008. Ufficiale Gazzetta the on published both 2008, September 23 decree the and 2008 September norms forCNGrefuelling stations:thedecree 11 issued twonewdecrees coveringthesafety 2008 October in affairs internal of ministry The cnG

decree various assessments donebylaboratoriesand in- liquid fuelequivalents. Andthisisconfirmed by must benotonlysafe,butrather saferthantheir fuelvehiclesandinfrastructureThe alternative his employment;andhemust be 120%efficient. which would have disastrous consequences on this periodhecannotafford anymajormistake, accurately put under test by his employer. During at thebeginningofhisemployment,whenheis that innovation.In some way, itislike a worker might haveonthesubsequentdevelopmentof account thepsychologicaleffects thatanymishap basic safetycriteria.Buttheymustalsotakeinto more conservative.Theymustobviouslymeetthe solution mustbe innovative covering an norms more thatwhatistraditional.Forthisreason the This because,rightofwrong, whatisnewworries the doubtaboutopportunitytouseitatall. the press promptly instilsinthepublicopinion of anykind,fuel vehicleisinvolvedinanaccident gative points.Opposite,eachtimeanalternative are toacertainextentresigned toacceptalsone- strongly integratedinourstile oflife,forwhichwe liquid fueltransportvehicleisafeature whichis shing gasolineanddieselcarsforthisreason. The tribute, butnobodywouldeventhinkofaboli- strategies dotheirbesttolimitthistragicblood fety, the road codes, and the traffic management of casualtieseveryyear. Thenormsonvehiclesa- users. Atthenationallevel,there are thousands sing seriousconsequencesfortheirownersand vehicles are involvedinmanysevere accidentscau- the roads allaround theworld,gasolineanddiesel psychological aspect.Unfortunately, everyyearon of theart.Andthisisalsoduetoentailed to more stringentbondscompared tothestate an innovativetechnologymustalwaysbesubject It isalsotruethatthelargescaleapplicationof infrastructures oftheplant ofrefuelling stations. fully compatiblewiththeCNGrefuelling station normal aspectsofthismarket,andthattheyare ad, thatself-serviceandmulti-dispenser are two practice willdemonstrate,asitalready didabro- recently enforced maybecomelessstringent.The the future, therequirements ofthenewnorm the experiencebuiltupwiththeirapplication.In the technologydevelopment,andtakeprofit of a pragmaticapproach. Usuallythenormsfollow new refuelling stations.Butitisnecessarytotake be built,andthatoftheservicemanagement the side of the newCNG refuelling stations to development oftheNGVmarketinItaly, bothon onMUlti-disPenser be certified, must now carrytheCEmark,toprove directive, the dispensers,whichpreviously hadto environments. AftertheadoptionofATEX ces installed inpotentially explosive atmosphere requirementsthe CEI normscoveringapplian- of the norm.Thenewdispenser hadtomeetthe fety dispenserswere simultaneouslyimposedby mean timeanewkindofcertified,intrinsicsa- This modificationwaspossiblebecauseinthe safety distances. were abolished,whilekeepinginplacethesame dispensers, asananti-splinterprotection means, cretethe old normseparated wallswhichinthe CNG refuelling station.Thesteelreinforced con- possible toremarkably changetheaspectof When the decree 8 June 1993 was issued, it was The certificationprocedure Multi-fuel dispenser(multi-dispenser) of thenewnorms. Agency). Let’s seeinmore detailthemainaspects Boureau Veritas andEPA (Environment Protection dependent organisationssuchastheNorwegian Fig Fig 1Multi-fueldispenserwithCNG(erdgas)inGermany 1b Italianmulti-fueldispenserwithCNG gaseous fuel(LPG andCNG);alsoLPG and rate itonliquid fuel(gasolineanddiesel), and that itisneverpossibletosimultaneously ope- The multi-fueldispensermust beconceivedso safetydistances). ternal distances, theprotection theex- distances,and safetymust alsokeepinplace(i.e. the internal 2002, June 28 and May 24 decrees of stances Furthermore,their turn. alltheothersafetydi- dispensers, betheysingleormulti-dispensersin tres between themulti-dispenser andtheother me 8 of distance safety internal traditional the The newdecree confirmanywaytheneedtokeep parts ofthesameappliance. ne, diesel,andCNG,whichare nowjustdifferent stance betweenthesingledispensersofgasoli- safetydi- de factototallyeliminatestheinternal The introduction ofthemulti-dispenserwithCNG, Normative bonds with CNG. to allowtheinstallationofmulti-dispenser in theexistingnormsnecessaryamendments In considerationofthis,itwaspossibletoinclude in Italy.also install it be possibleto must then it and meetstherequirements oftheATEX directive, If amulti-dispenserwithCNGcarriestheCEmark, contemplate theuseofmulti-dispenserwithCNG. European andextraEuropean countriesalready As already said,thenormsinforce intheother as dieseloil,soitissaferthangasolineandLPG. categorically statedthatCNGisatleastassafe Norwegian Boureau Veritas andtheAmerican EPA, done someyearsagobythealready mentioned thesafety analysis Some documentsconcerning less safethatofCNG. operation withgasoline,allinall,isintrinsically account thefactthatself-servicerefuelling service multi-dispenser, itisnecessarytotakeinto examining thesafetyrequirements oftheself- The expertsoftheNGVsectorbelievethatwhen Safety aspectsofthemulti-dispenser point 1;andArt5,2). attività soggetteaicontrolli antincendio.“(Art2, nelle presenti 94/9/CE, n. direttiva della sensi ai utilizzati inatmosferapotenzialmenteesplosiva, apparecchi, sistemidiprotezione edispositivi degli “Requisiti 2006 January 27 decree the of This newsystemhasbeenenforced withtheissue dispenser, whichare relevant tothesafetynorms. modifications oftheconstructionprocess ofthe This systemmodificationdoesnotimplyalso ATEX directive. harmonised normscontainedinthetextof product meetstherequirements oftheEuropean now insteadtheCEmarkingistotestifythat by meansofthenationalcertificationprocedure; intrinsic safetyoftheproduct oncewascertified them meeting said directive requirements. So, the -

39 TEcHNIcal sEcTIoN N V THE NEW mINIsTRy DEcREE oN mulTI-DIsPENsER aND sElf-sERVIcE foR cNG

CNG cannot be delivered simultaneously. So the prove this requirement as not really necessary for appliance must have a function to allow delivering safety. Notwithstanding this penalising aspect, the only one type of fuel at a time; i.e., when a NGV multi-dispenser with CNG is a solution which is is refuelling, or even two, on both sides of dispen- particularly useful in the case of gasoline and die- ser, a special logic must operate, that physically sel refuelling stations in which the available space inhibits the simultaneous refuelling operation of did not allow so far installing a CNG dispenser. a liquid fuel vehicle (gasoline or diesel), or of an LPG vehicle, on both sides of dispenser. And op- Self-service posite, when one or two liquid fuel vehicles are The decree 11 September 2008 allows CNG self- refuelling on one or both sides of dispenser, it service refuelling only if and when the refuelling will not be possible to simultaneously deliver also station is attended by some personnel, to super- CNG or LPG. The interdiction of NGV refuelling vise the operation of the station. during operation on gasoline, diesel or LPG must The supervisor must be adequately competent, be done by means of the installation of a shut- and must be able to promptly intervene in case of off valve on the dispenser upstream of any inner emergency. A common person, without a specific dispenser component, (i.e., in practical terms, at competence, is not suitable. Before the operator the point where the high pressure piping reaches is entitled a self-service CNG station supervisor, the multi-dispenser), to ensure that there is no he must attend a training course addressing hi- connection with the high pressure CNG station gh fire risk environments, as dictated by DM 10 piping during liquid fuel delivery. There is no need March 1998. Furthermore, he must get a perfect TEcHNIcal sEcTIoN TEcHNIcal anyway to vent the whole dispenser gas piping, acquaintance with the station’s emergency plan 40 which can keep under pressure, waiting for the and the relevant intervention procedures. But this next CNG delivery to be done. is nothing new. The gas content of the high pressure piping is These are just the normal requirements for the very small; a few tens of cubic centimetres. This operators of normal refuelling stations. Not me- requirement is a bit awkward for the NGV market, eting these requirements, self-service CNG re- as it will force the gasoline and diesel customers fuelling is forbidden, and it must be physically to wait in line for potentially longer time than it impeded. So it will not be sufficient to put there happens today in the case of multi-dispenser not a mere cashier to act as supervisor, unless he has delivering also CNG. In practical terms, for exam- got this expertise. ple, the presence of only one car refuelling with The supervisor must also verify that the vehicle CNG, on only one side of the multi-dispenser, will has got the necessary requirements to have access prevent the access to the multi-dispenser to any to the self-service CNG dispenser, including tho- other vehicle, be it fuelled with gasoline, diesel se relevant to the on-board cylinder compliance or LPG, on both sides, until the CNG delivery is (validity, periodic inspections etc.). This is not new completed. And in case another NGV comes along either. in the mean time, and starts refuelling in its turn The present norms already assign this task to the on the opposite side, maybe shortly before the normal CNG refuelling station operators. first vehicle accomplishes its refuelling operation, There is not an explicit obligation, to be true; the the gasoline and diesel (and LPG) customers will present norms only state that using and refuelling be forced to wait even longer. of the cylinders is forbidden in the intermediate And the opposite situation applies in case the period between the expiry time of validity and multi-dispenser is already engaged by a liquid fuel revalidation testing. What is new is the obligation vehicle when the NGV comes along, except that to also check the vehicle itself being suitable for each single refuelling operation with gasoline or self-service refuelling (we will see later what this diesel is quicker than the case of CNG (in average, means). less than a minute, versus 2-3 minutes of CNG). The amendments introduced aim at making the Obviously, the norm does not address this parti- CNG refuelling station even safer than it is already. cular problem. But the designer had better find a Further cautious measures are enforced, which are solution to mitigate this mishap. particularly restrictive, to take into account the For example, some sort of “reservation button” fact that the CNG refuelling connector will not which automatically switches from the liquid to be used by expert operators, but it will be directly the gaseous fuel or vice-versa, at the end of the handled by customers. refuelling operation, to allow a more correct and The customers may be any sort of people, but in fair refuelling queuing principle. The fuel station general, at least at the beginning of self-service market will have thus to evaluate accurately in application, they will not be expert of the refuel- each single case the real opportunity to adopt ling operation. The self-service mode requires so- the multi-dispenser, also taking into account the me attention, also in consideration that the use composition of the served vehicle fleet. Hopefully of CNG in vehicles exists in Italy since such a long anyway, the time and the experience build-up, will time, that it has paradoxically some aspects that Fig 2receptacletobeinstalled onthecarbody pierced inthecarbodyor in theplasticbumper). to be the hole given thedimensionsof people, (this lasttwooptionsare not appreciated bymany sufficient, or on thecarbody, or on thebumper tacle compartment,whentheavailablespaceis installed inholesmadeinsidethegasolinerecep- check valveandacontainerbox,whichcanbe There are refuelling valves,that can include a case ofretrofit vehicles. outside oftheenginecompartmentevenin allow theinstallationofrefuelling receptacle There are somesolutionswhich themarket on compartment. which havethereceptacle installedintheengine the accesstoself-serviceconvertedcars people. Soforexample,thenewnormprohibits might beuneasyinsomecasesfornotexpert in the correct sequence, and the whole operation demanding andcomplex;allstepsmustbedone labour quite is maneuvering and leveraging this All the endofrefuelling. closed beforemust be and CNG, disconnectingat refuelling connector, mustbeopenedtodeliver a shutofvalvewhich,afterconnectingwiththe tacle doesnotcontainacheckvalveandithas In thetraditionalretrofit NGVsystemstherecep- in theenginecompartment. of CNGon-board systemthereceptacle islocated kshop convertedaftermarketvehicles.Inthiskind of theNGVmarketisstillrepresented bywor- the refuelling receptacle location.Alargeportion One oftheaspectsthatrequire someattentionis for thismodetobeadopted. has startedforminglater, inamore suitabletime sector inallothercountries,where thismarket does notapplyinsteadtothecaseofNGV it is,notsosuitableforself-servicemode.This render thenormalrefuelling stationofCNGas more “normal” tothecustomer. Hewillfeelmo- refuelling operation isevensimpler, andappears functionality ofthegasolineone. Inthiswaythe dels whichhavemore orlessthesameshapeand (e.g. WEH,STAUBLI), produce CNG connectormo- to thegasolineconnector. Somemanufacturers sents thebetterchoice,justfor itsresemblance and dieselconnector. Maybethislastonerepre- grip, orabigtrigger, asinthecaseofgasoline means ofaringnut,orlever, orasmallhand ensure thecorrect plugandlockoperation,by the manufacturers adoptdifferent solutionsto incorporated (e.g.theventingsystem),functions of differentthe side of consequence a design.As There areon themarketanumberofconnectors connector. it difficult toreach andconnecttosomekindof narrow space around the receptacle may make that sometimes,someparticularsolutionsortoo portant aspect,sincetheexperiencehasshown connector mustbeplugged.Thisisquiteanim- must leavearound thereceptacle, towhichthe dimension ofthefree space thatthedesigner cree, asitspecifiesinparticular theshapeand mentioned bythede- norm ISO15500is The • • • • Be suitable to the receptacle of the CNG vehicles • • must haveaparticularconnector, whichmust: To besuitabletoself-servicemode,thedispenser Fig 3receptacletobeinstalledinthegasolinecompartment cular familiarity. parti a and strength excessive an require Not Be easytohandlebyeverybody. connection tothereceptacle isdoneproperly. Ensure that the CNG delivery is done only when 2: Test methods”. systems, Part1:Safetyrequirements” and“Part vehicles —Compressed natural gas(CNG)fuel made tothe standard ISO15501-1:2000“Road Refuelling Stations”. “NGV 13638 prEN of requirements the Meet of CNGintheirpropulsion system). approved an of components fic use the for type Vehicles withregard totheinstallationofspeci- hicles usingCNGintheirpropulsion system;II. proval of:I.Specificcomponentsmotorve- the ap- R110 (“Uniformprovisions concerning ECE UN Regulation of requirements the Meet -

41 TEcHNIcal sEcTIoN 42 TEcHNIcal sEcTIoN N Weh TK17(newdesign) V THE NEWmINIsTRy DEcREEoNmulTI-DIsPENsER aNDsElf-sERVIcE foR cNG refuelling stations. rather thanonlylookingforoperatorattended will bemore eagertoadoptthisrefuelling mode, awkward actionsonhispart.Andthecustomer higher safetyrate,andalowerriskofmistake,or accustomed to.Allinall,thiscanresult inaneven same process ofgasolineordieselrefuelling heis re atease,asthisconnectorrequires nearlythe it stayedthere longenoughtobenoticed and lised thatthisrequirement wasoflittle use.But was subsequentlyeliminated, as theexpertsrea- it which from Stations”, Filling NGV prEN13638 cluded forsometimeinthetext ofthedraftnorm requirement forthis“dead manbutton”wasin- to betrue,doesappearquite anachronistic. The The introduction inthenormofsuchagadget, after aprevious check done bythesupervisor. delivery; afterthis,thedeliverycanonlystartagain said devicewillcausethesuddeninterruptionof stomer’s continuedmanualaction.Therelease of that controls thedelivery ofCNGbymeanscu- Near thedispenserthere mustbesomedevice Fig 5ergonomicconnectorSTAUBLI Fig 4ergonomicconnectorWEHTK17 Multidispenser withCNG this necessary. Thisrequirement alsoentailsthe supervisor canarrest thegasdelivery, ifhedeems control point of thedispenser, through which the refuelling stationisinstalledatleastoneremote new decree imposesthatintheself-serviceCNG are some more safety requirements tobemet.The the problem is quickly andeasilysolved. But there down buttonhasbeendepressed bymistake,orif immediately startingagainthesystemifshut the presence of asupervisor, whoiscapableof human judgement.Thisentailsafurtherneedfor telligent andelaborateditis,cansubstitutethe no automaticprocedure, regardless ofhow in- check donebyacompetentperson.Atpresent, must neverbepossible,withoutaprevious on-site emergency shutdown,automaticallyrestarting measurea safety ofan case Inany applied. is which iscommontoallthecaseswhere such one isaverysensibleandnormalrequirement, by expertpersonnel,i.e.thesupervisor. Alsothis this button,itcanbeputbackinoperationonly Once thesystemhasbeenshutdownbypushing right orwrong, oneisdominated byfear. risky thanhavingtolookforsomethingwhen, know immediatelywhatitis.Nothingisevermore signs. Thecustomermustseeitclearly, andmust sible, andmustbealwayssignalledbyadequate be locatedinapositionthatisvisibleandacces- requirement forsafety. Obviously, must button this than theformercase,itisforsure anecessary shuts downthegasline.Inthiscase,opposite button thatifnecessarystopstheoperation,and there mustbeatleastone emergencyshutoff In theproximity oftheself-serviceCNGdispensers necessary. time andexperiencewillprove thisgadgetasnot And the whole system is hermetical. Very likely, full. 80% only is tank the when stops even flow system inanyway. InthecaseofLPG,fuel time withoutanypossibilityofgasescapingthe valve) stoptheCNGdeliveryatappropriate (i.e. thegasflowsensor, andtheon-board check the dispenserarea. Theoperatingautomatisms CNG cannotoverflowandfloodonthefloorover fuel isnotlikegasolineordiesel;ifthetankfull, this devicedoesnotaddtosafety. Thegaseous to bedepressed evenlongerthanthat.Allinall, nor isthestation’s storage,thebuttonwillhave time, thecompressor ofthestationisnottoobig, empty, someothercarsare refuelling inthemean ple minutes.Andifthecarcylinderswere totally for thewholerefuelling duration,i.e.afullcou- forces thecustomertokeepabuttondepressed of applicationtheself-servicerefuelling, asit do notstepforward inthedirection oftheease We gosofarastocommentthatsuchgadget theoneonCNGrefuelling-stations.rness”……..) LPG self-servicerefuelling stationsand(for“fai- It hasbeenadoptedbyboththeItaliannormon adopted byothernorms,andtospread abroad. self-service isallowedonlyifthevehiclehasgota of themfortheothermaybereally dangerous); (they are extremely different, andtomistake one natural gas,nototherfuelslikeforexampleLPG inform that:thedelivered product iscompressed which apply. Inparticular, theinstructionsmust customer, andinstructshimontheprohibitions tothe way allnecessaryinstructionsandwarnings of signsthatgivesinaclearandcomprehensive the self-servicedispenserthere mustbeasystem stomer are veryimportant. Intheproximity of The generalandspecificinstructionsforthecu- by theway. of gasolineanddieseloil;itwasalready before, the CNGdispenserbecomesfarsaferthanthat In ouropinion,withtheselasttworequirements Also thisoperationmustbeassimplepossible. ter thefillingoperationhasbeenaccomplished. proper re-location oftheconnectorinitsslot,af- for the customer and thesupervisorto check the way. Onthedispenserthere mustbesomedevice must bepossibletoacquire it)veryquicklyany- with theself-serviceCNGdispenserisacquired (it Maybe thisisalittlebittoomuch;thefamiliarity the relevant instructions.” carrying outtherefuelling procedure following A personisconsidered trained whencapableof sons canoperatetherefuelling procedure ofCNG. tion”, (2° paragraph), it reads: “Only trained per at point7.3,“Instructionsforrefuelling opera- norms fortheoperationofdispenser.” Then, competence ontherequirementsnecessary and must getthenecessaryacquaintanceand only be operated by persons older than 18. They 2° paragraph), reads: “the refuelling stations can 7, “Exercise andmaintenance”(7.1,“General”, operation ofCNGrefuelling stations”,atpoint for design,construction,test,commissioning,and by the German DVGW (back in 1999!) “Guidelines customer. For example the G 651 norm, drawn up to doapreviouscases training ofthe specific short norms inforce inothercountriesadvisesome procedure forthefirsttime.Inthisrespect, the stomers willcarryouttheself-servicerefuelling will be useful atthebeginning,whenmost cu- stance andinstructionsfrom thesupervisor. This be installed,toallowthecustomerreceiving assi- of dispensersalsoacommunicationsystemmust presence ofaperson.Moreover, intheproximity - must bemulti-lingual.” the fuellingbanforLPG-powered motorvehicles gastypeandFILLINGPRESSURE aswell cerning OPERATIONSELF-SERVICE the informationcon- dispensed. AtPUBLICFILLINGSTATIONS with (e.g. “H“)andtheFILLINGPRESSUREofCNG PUMPS: gastype(NATURAL GAS),gas quality DISPENSING CNG the at displayed permanently The followinginformationmustbeclearlyand dangers. monstrably beenshowntheiruseandthepossible who are familiarwiththem andwhohavede- PUMPS DISPENSING CNG the use to areallowed of a TRAINED or ELIGIBLE PERSON if only persons STATIONS ispermissiblewithoutthesupervision (CNG) FUELINGSYSTEMSatNON-PUBLICFILLING OPERATION“SELF-SERVICE of NATURAL GAS self-servicemode,i.e.: concerning refuelling stations”,contains somerequirement struction, installation and exercise ofthe NGV Austrian OVGW“Guidelinesfordesign,con- Also thenormG97of2005,drawnupby to bedoneatendofrefuelling. the wholefillingprocedure, andontheoperations the CNGdelivery, whichmustbeactivatedduring connector, on receptacle, onthedevicecontrolling communication system;theoperationstepson lability ofthesupervisorforanyneed,and theavai- for exampletheinstructionsconcerning button location.Inparticular, thesignsmustgive the refuelling procedure, andontheemergency instruct himonthenecessaryprecautions, on and instructionsthatisasclearpossible,to a systemofsignsby customer mustbehelped the operation refuelling During station. fuelling This requirement appliesalsotothenormalre- is alsoprohibited tofillmobiletanks(cylinders). on-board; tolightandcarryaround flames.It tion, includingmobilephones;tosmoke,even adequately protected againsttheriskoffire igni- case, itisprohibited: tousedevicesthatare not radius area from theperimeterofdispenser metres 6 only. operator Within the by served be be refuelled intheself-servicemode,anditmust system donotmeettheserequirements, itcannot fuelling station).Ifthevehicle’s on-board CNG customer mustneveropenthebonnetinre- located outsideoftheenginecompartment(the receptacle made to ISO 14469.1 (NGV 1), which is

43 TEcHNIcal sEcTIoN 44 EVENTs nGV 2008 tHe eleVentH Manuel Lage-Iveco NGVs andtheFuture - Petronas – Seng Giok Lee Growth rican NGVMarket–Overall Status &Expected Carlos Scioli-ALGNVPresident - and Forecaststo2020 - President IANGV - Lyon John Programme Czech France: CryostarSAS. Colombia: OrvisaComunicaciones. New KwangShin Machine. Asia + Hauser, EugenSeitzAG. Switzerland WEH GmbH. Germany KME Spzo.o. Poland SpA, Safe,Valtek, Vanzetti, Zavoli. Italy: AEB,Emer, Landi Renzo,Lovato,OMVL,Rail ne.com, NGVCommunications,MundoGas. Pump Control, VálvulasHoffmann, GNVMagazi- Achille, Aspro, PVRTechnologies, Cidegas,Abac, Argentina Energia IndústriaeServiços,WhiteMartins. Econômico, Desenvolvimento de Secretaria tróleo, Pe TN Revista Brasil, do NEOGás Metroval, S/A, GNV Compressores, GuiaOffshore, Ipiranga,Mat Brasil, do F1 Globo, Editora Ltda, Brasil do Dover Brazil: ABGNC,CompanhiadeGásSãoPaulo, Teleflex GFI,XebecAdsorption. posites, Micro Motion,NGV America,Swagelok, stries, ITTConoflow, KrausGlobal,LincolnCom- Indu IMW Fuelmaker, Exterran, Dynetek, Wayne, Dresser Inc., Westport Cummins Energy, Clean Power,Air Clean Industries, Chart Association, CanadianNaturalGasVehicleAngi International, United States&Canada Involved companies 17,000 people. by visited was It metres. square 3,680 of surface a on exhibitors 600 were there exhibition the At 103 papers. with poster session a plus speakers; 76 of total with 10speakerseach;23round tableswitha from 21countries.Itmanaged2plenarysessions delegates 782 by attended was conference The seous fuelinthefivecontinents. 75 companies dedicatedtothedevelopmentofga- of participation the with June, 5 to 3 from Gas Vehicles (IANGV)wascarriedoutinBrazil, Association for Naturalzed bytheInternational The tenthfirstConference andExhibitionorgani- ian :AdvanceElectronics International, Zeland: IANGV, OasisEngineeringLtd. Republic :MotorJikov. –riodeJaneiro brazil

A SA, uoGz DT Gs System, Gas D.T. Auto-Gaz, S.A., AC : : Bosch,Gasotronic GmbH, Krohne, : Agira, Inflex, Galileo, Tomasetto Galileo, : Agira,Inflex, Als oc / refed Endress , Greenfield / Copco Atlas : GV NGV EuropeanPerspectives:

conference : AdvanceFuelSystems, The GrowthofAsian NGV GlobalTrends The LatinAme- - - • • • • • tion capacityandprice: Relationship betweencrudeoildemand,produc- Fig 1 higher thanannualoilreserves additions. ars, annualoilconsumptionhasconsistentlybeen The worldisrunningoutofoil.Overthepastye- pollution; geopolitical. challenges: shortageofoil;globalwarming;air The worldtodayiffacedwithanumberofmajor billion cubicmetres peryear ofCNG. million CNGvehicles,consumingasmuch400 65 for go 2020 at forecasts and trends NGV The John Lyon pastpresident ofIANGV. Some papers sting. We selectedsomepapersamong themostintere- www.iangv.com ting theIANGVwebsite: The conference proceedings canbepurchased visi- lightweight CNGfuelstoragesystemforbus dards inthedesignand developmentof stan safety of Implementation – Lawday Mark first CNGcarmanufacturer gest MiddleEastcarmanufacturer becamethe big the How – Bakhsh Tajali Mohammad Sayyed of naturalgasstorageanddecompressionstations dardisation thedesign,constructionandoperation – COMGAS – Monteiro Freitas del Venanciio Jorge Experience standards forgasfuelledvehicles–LatinAmerican – ProGNC – Goldin Diego Technology forHeavyDutyEngines - Mgr Develop’t Delphi Verginelli– Louis ture Position Topic: NGVTechnology: Brazilian CurrentandFu- Antônio Bermudo-NGVConsultant gies appliedtoCNGcompression – Italy BRC – Seimandi Marco gh failureandaccidentanalysisforgascylinders – Powertech – James Bernie Andrew J.Littlefair–NorthAmericanNGVstatus spects ofLatinAmericaNaturalGassupplying – Associates) arch Rese Energy (Cambridge CERA – D’Apote Sylvie Current andFutureTrends The followingissueswilleffect pricestability: tuations fluc price major without swings demand/supply with cope can industry utilization, 90% Below pacity, pricewillescalaterapidlyanderratically ca production of 10% within is demand When Present worldoilproduction capacity86Mbbl/d Present worldoilconsumption86Mbbl/d Virtual gaspipelinesystems: apurposeofstan-

Medium and long term pro- term andlong Medium Global harmonisationof Improvements throu- Modern technolo- Dual Fuel - - - - -

46 EVENTs N Fig 2U.S.petroleumconsumptionbysector, 1970-2025(millionbarrelsperday) additionandoilconsumption Fig 1differencebetweenreserve Fig 3WTWenergyusecomparison V difference between reserve additionandoilconsumption differencebetweenreserve NGV THE ElEVENTHIaNGV • • • • • Fig 2 oil production of 65% consumes transportation The demand. oil have thesinglelargestimpactinloweringworld can sector transportation inthe oil Substituting We Geo political OPEC World economics/GDP Minor production disruptions ather/natural disasters coNfERENcE NGV 2008 • • • by 2020 tens ofthousandsadditionalCNGstations Refuelling equipmentmanufacturers benefits: • • • 2020 Vehicle OEMbenefits:65millionNGVsby • • • • of additionalannualgassalesby2020 NGVs’ benefitstogasutilities:400billionm³ • • • NGV’s benefits: government Fig 5 aromatics, etc.) pollution problems (NOx,SOx,CO,particulates, Many countriesare usingNGVstosolvetheirair Fig. 3,4 efficient fuelchoice. ful vehicleemissions.Sonaturalgasisthemost Reduce greenhouse gasesby25%.Reduceharm- Use renewable energy(biomethane). (dampen oilprice).Improve balanceofpayments. of energysupply. Improve worldeconomicstability Improve energychoiceflexibility. Improve security Reduce oildemand8%by2020. political distortions. Shortages, globalwarming,airpollutionandgeo NGVs are asignificantpartofthesolutiontooil environment the of improvement to contribute Environment: pment to thedevelopmentofhydrogen refuelling equi- gas refuelling equipmentwillbethecornerstone natural systems: refuelling hydrogen to Pathway wer costs;higherprofits) lo increase; (volume growth market Increased tion tohydrogen vehicles gaseous fueltechnology will facilitatethetransi- NGV vehicle; hybrid/NG a creating technology the marriageofhybridtechnologyandNGV facilitate vehicles: generation next to Pathway emissions; fuelconsumption) a lowercost(greenhouse gases; harmfulvehicle at regulations environmental government Meet ased sales NGVs willaddtoOEMmarketshare andincre- Offering 2020. by NGVs 65M totalling year per 18% of growth market world expected Market: Increases profits months NGVs addloadallyear, notjustinthewinter hours makingdistributionsystemmore efficient. evening during load add NGVs leveling: Load Increases systemloadatalow cost se ormore fromhou load a Gas of that to equal is vehicle a gases by25%;reduces harmful vehicleemissions greenhouse reduces environment: the Improves to hydrogen fuelgrowth;50% ofalternative Itisapathway supports CNG growth: fuel alternative Facilitates diversity) improve balanceofpayments;increases energy the addictiontooil;increases energysecurity; (reduces oil foreign on dependency Reduces - - • • • • • • • • • IANGV objective • • • • • • 2020) nued growth ofNGVs?(65millionNGVsby What needstobedoneensure theconti- • • • nient, improve theenvironment Customer benefits:lowercosts,more conve- Marketing andindustryawareness activities Facilitating technicalinformationexchange Collecting relevant statisticaldata Rome 2010,SouthKorea 2012) 2008, (Rio years two every held conference own our including conferences, industry Organizing Standards harmonization Standards developmentand dissemination stakeholders and members to information industry Providing lobbyingandpolicyassistance Government world widevehiclepopulationby2020through: of NGVs) (65M 9% to share market NGV Grow NGV industryassociations strong support and develop must industry NGV barrels perdayby2020 strategy: reduce oilconsumption by7Million long termNGV(naturalgasandbiomethane) a support and implement must Governments stations by2020 structure: Tens ofthousandsadditionalCNG refuellingAggressiveCNG of infra development gas salesby2020 of additionalannualworldwide: 400billionM³ tegies to aggressively advancetheuseofNGVs national GasUnion(IGU)needstodevelopstra- Inter the of support with industry gas Natural sions: 65millionNGVsby2020 and environmentally friendlyvehicleconver- safe reliable, economic, of availability Improve of newmodels competitively pricesNGVsandincrease offering Ve environment the of improvement to contribute Environment: passenger use,free parking,etc. advantage ofotherincentiveslikeHOVsingle gasoline anddieselvehiclesare restricted; take or atpublicstations;usevehicleinareas where home at either vehicle your refuel Convenience: some countries advantage ofvehiclecostreduction incentivesin take cost; fuel lower substantially Economics: il OM sol ices pouto of production increase should OEMs hicle - - services; vehiclefinancing. writing grant HDVs; for delivery and production LNG stations; fuelling CNG/LNG operate & build It offers comprehensive services,suchas:design, traded asCLNEonNASDAQ. Itispublicly- It isbasedinSealBeach,California. Corp. ItbecameCleanEnergyin2001. Clean Energywasfoundedin1997asPickensFuel Andrew Littlefair Fig 4WTWGHGemissioncomparison Fig 5NGVWorld 1991to2020 Market“SCurve”

47 EVENTs Ethanol blends Low sulphurdiesel Oxidations catalystfordieselengine Biodiesel B20 Diesel emulsions PM trapsfordieselengines CNG 48 EVENTs N V NGV THE ElEVENTHIaNGV dium andheavy-dutyvehicles. duty vehicles(passengercars),and23%forme- house gasemissionreductions are 30%forlight Report estimatesthatNGVwelltowheelsgreen NGVs are cleaner. EnergyCommission California thorities. are alsoavailablefrom federal,state&localau- grants $ million Some Initiative. Bond California sion standards, renewable fuelstandards (AFS), incremental cost.Thepolicy isfocusedonemis- of 80% vehicles: and 0.50/gallon, $ fuel: vers US offer incentivesasfederal taxcredit thatco- p lable today(airport,transit,refuse, taxi,trucks). avai are models fleet gas natural 180 than More ever imagined. Now theopportunityforNGVisbetterthanwe se andenergyshortagesdevelop. The supplycannotmeetdemand;sopricesincrea- 2006 thenitstartedtodecline. in barrels/day, MM 84 reached production The economy. Oil demandgrows constantlyinahealthyworld revenue in2007 in million $117 and dispensed gallons million 75 – – Over20,000customervehiclesfuelleddaily – 180+CNG/LNGstationsacross NorthAmerica Some industryleadingstatistics: Ethanol blends ~20% Low sulphurdiesel Oxidations catalystfordieselengine Biodiesel B20 Diesel emulsions PM trapsfordieselengines CNG Biodiesel 0-3% Low sulphurdiesel Oxidations catalystfordieselengine 0-25% Ethanol blends Diesel emulsions NOx treatmentfordieselengines: CNG E85 B100 Gasoline Diesel CNG pm reduction–lesssoot nox reduction–lesssmog (gges) (on equivalent basis)at may 2008 pump prices coNfERENcE NGV 2008 15-20% ~20% 35-40% 50-65% >80% ≥90% con/cat 0-5% minima 2-6% 10-15% ≥85% $ 4.69 $ 4.85 $ 4.10 $ 4.48 $ 3.00 - • • • Requirements forconversion: nol =22,1%;CNG3,4%. Etha 23,4%; = Gasoline 25%; = Biodiesel 26,1%; = Diesel 2007: in Brazil in consumption Fuel 118,000 in2007). stallers (total:747);annualconversions(more than in 2008); March at (1,522 stations refuelling CNG et: more than1,540,000); fle NGV millions 28 fleet: national car (passenger The BrazilianNGVprogram includesnationalfleet Antonio Bermudo • 23%-30%smallercarbonfootprint • 83%lowerNOx • 730lb-fttorque • 250horsepower • 9litre CumminsWestport NGEngine Capacity Yard tractor • 23%-30%smallercarbonfootprint • 83%lowerNOx • 1,000lb-fttorque • 320horsepower • 9litre CumminsWestport NGEngine Sterling Class8tractor • 23%smallercarbonfootprint • 33%lowerNOx • 1,650lb-fttorque • 400–450horsepower • Westport HPDINaturalGas • 15litre CumminsISXengine International KenworthClass8tractor tional Kenworth. also availablefrom Peterbilt,Autocar, andInterna- Manufacturers respond toportswithNGtrucks, pickup anddelivery yard hostlers(10,000gal/yr); gal/yr); (15,000 drayage port trucks: delivery HD transit fixedroute (16,000gal/yr); refuse collection(10,000gal/yr); transit (16,000gal/yr); hotel andparkingshuttles(7,500gal/yr); airports: taxis(6,000gal/yr); The bestmarkets: foreign oil. that ofOil.Naturalgasreduces dependenceon The worldNGreserves are estimatedat3times ly toincrease by4-5%forthenextfewyears. Reserves beyond100years.Theproduction islike- duction andtheU.S. The shale production will increase the daily pro- 40 yearslongerthanoil). (30- reserves U.S. of years 80 than more are There A largesupplyofnaturalgasisavailable. RTQ33) – installers(INMETRO certified) (and qualified by done be should systems the of Installation 37) TRO–RT (INME systems of installation for Regulations 170/2002) –Res. (INMETRO equipment certified Use - - - - • • • • lowing mainparts: The CNGfillingstationiscomposedbythefol- cascade. circuit. The3rd room iscontainingthecylinder booster,circuit lubrication the cooling the and The 2ndroom iscontainingthecompressor, the air compressor. the with panel the pneumatic and booster), the panel (withPLC),thehydraulicdriver(tomanage thout gaspiping,containingtheelectricalcontrol divided inthree different rooms: 1stroom: wi- mensions are theonesofa typical20”container) The compressor islocatedinside acanopy(thedi- Station. an hydraulichighpressure compressor (booster) 3stagecompressorternative Wshapedandwith The standard configurationconsistswithanal- an ruleinforce onhighpressure CNGmachinery. Europe P.E.D.the with complies compressor BRC machine implieseasyservicingandoperating. Furthermore theuser-friendly architecture ofBRC bility andperformances. thus reached, hightargetsin termsofsafety, relia- well experiencedinCNGapplications.BRChas is guaranteedbyskilledengineersandtechnicians The technicalstateoftheartBRCcompressor “build in-house”products. ged indesigningandmanufacturingcomplete developed aCNGrefuelling station,andisenga- 1st machinewassold.BRCGasEquipmenthas the development of years 2 after 2006, June In organization. pressor developmentwascreated withinBRC for CNGcom- team a specific In beginning2004 good synergieswiththeentire BRCGroup. ket withhightechnologicalcontent,possibilityof BRC products andcustomernetwork,nichemar- tives, commercial “proximity”with thetraditional The reasons ofachoice:excellentmarketperspec- development. were selectedasnewarea forinvestmentand expansion anddiversification.CNGcompressors In 2003BRCdecidedtolookfornewmarkets rulesinforce.international All theproduction complieswithmoststringent station. soline toLPGorCNGandcompletefilling complete systemforvehicleconversionfrom ga- in designingandmanufacturingcomponents BRC GasEquipmentisamongtheworldleaders Marco Seimandi Generation) 30%. (3rd Motor Step / Loop Closed 68%; Generation) (5th Generation)2%;OpenLoopSystem(2nd Light vehicletechnology:FuelInjectionSystem • Booster (drivenbyanhydraulic cylinder) and gasstorage damping for cylinders CNG pressure Medium 3stagecompressorAlternative safety valves(notincludedinthe fillingstation) and filter with pipeline gas the to Connection 291/2001) s emis national current meet should Vehicles os euain–BM-RCNE (Res. - regulations–IBAMA-PROCONVE ions - - • • • • • valves withplasticsealingrings. The gasinletandoutputare madebyconcentric for everycompression stage. sists with3cylinderssingleordoubleeffect, one connecting rod, crosshead, rod andpiston;itcon- machinewith crankshaft,is apiston,alternative factory before delivery. TheWshapedcompressor All thecompressors are testedandbalancedinthe compact dimensions. level, minimummaintenancerequirements and joint, ensures thebesteffectiveness, alowernoise engine withthecompressor modulebyaflexible The preferred choicetoconnecttheelectrical working condition. so thattheoptimallubricationisensured inevery and itisdrivenbyanindependentelectricalengine cation systemisautomaticallymanagedbyaPLC, cy andalowermaintenance.Thepressurized lubri- This solutionfinallyallowsahighcoolingefficien- elements. machine andtheincrease of thelifeofsealing resultsThe are improved an effectiveness the of exit ofeachsinglestage. circuit, sothatthecompressed gasiscooledatthe forced circulation ofaspecificfluidinsideclosed The BRCcompressors are completelycooledby technologies. tic materialsinagreement with themostadvanced rings havebeenused,reinforced byothersynthe- even withoutlubrication,P.T.F.E. compositepiston To permitthegoodworkingofcompressor systems. special oilscraperringsandseveral«dry»sealing have beenreduced toa minimumlevel,using Further theoilleakagesintocompressed gas peline. impurities whichcouldbepresent inthegaspi- A particularattentionhasbeenusedtofilterthe system. reliability high a and wholeoverhauling the of balancing withincompact dimensions, aneasy The BRCcompressor shapeallowsanexcellent advanced toolsforasafedesign. ceived andmanufactured byBRC,usingthemost The BRCcompression systemsare completelycon- reliability andeasymaintenance. requirements of interms security, effectiveness, loped forCNGapplications,tofulfilthehighest The BRCcompressors havebeenspeciallydeve- of thestation. optional modemisavailablefortheremote control for thebestmanagementoffillingstation.An complete autonomythealloperationsrequired a PLC.Thesystemcanrunintotalsecurityand All theworkingparametersmaybecontrolled by Cooling tower. Dispenser storage cylindersanddispenser ning systemforhumidityfilteringinbetween drai- and actuator pneumatic with valves Safety ge cascadetothedispenser stora- frompressure the reduce to panel Control storage and damping for cylinders CNG pressure High

49 EVENTs 50 EVENTs N Fig 7performanceofBRCcompressors

V NGV THE ElEVENTHIaNGV Fig 6shapedcompressor red. signal proportional totheamountofmassdelive- asuring systemwhichhasasoutput anelectronic The dispensersare equippedbyamassflowme- connected tothePLC. manometer contactandonepressure transducer sure regulator, onesafetyvalveplusapressure reducer valve,twoballvalvestocutoutthepres- are panel Inthis limit. pressure one installed: line toavoidthepressure toovercome 220bar A control panelisinstalledonthehighpressure dispenser. pressure storagecapacityare connectedtothe The middlepressure storagecapacityandthehigh The PLCalsocontrols thiscircuit. nometer contact,safetyvalveandthermometers. temperature transducer, minimumpressure ma- is equippedbyairfans,circulation pump,water cated on the roof of the compressor canopy). It lo (usually exchanger heat air/liquid external a changers andforcylindercooling,iscooledin The water-glycol solution usedin theheatex- pressure cylindercascade. as a4thcompressing stage fillingupthehigh hydraulic doubleeffect cylinder. Basicallyitworks The Boosterisapistoncompressor drivenbya coNfERENcE NGV 2008 - nity. ted Kingdom,UnitedStates, European Commu- South Africa,Spain,Sweden,Tunisia, Turkey, Uni- of Korea, Romania,RussianFederation,Slovakia, va, Netherlands,Norway, NewZealand,Republic Moldo Malaysia, Luxembourg, Lithuania, Japan, Finland, France,Germany, Hungary, India,Italy, Australia, Azerbaijan,Canada,China,Cyprus, 1998 UNECETreaty Signatories: promote uniformityandsafety. The coststoultimateconsumerare lower. They They speedmarketentry. certification/patent protection. certification, vehiclehomologation,equipment stuff fordifferent markets),theyfacilitatecountry They Facilitatedevelopmentofequipment(same and technologycommercialisation. Standards and codes are atthe hearth of vehicle Garth Harris stainless steelorgalvanizedsteel. 430 304, Material: Hz. 50-60 24-220V, IP55, T4, IIB, Eex-m, 2G, II ATEX: ASCO Electrovalve kg/h. 6000 CNG050S: meter Motion Micro flow: Mass +65°C. -40 is: range temperature service The sily, quicklyandintotalsafety. able torefuel thevehicleat220barpressure, ea- The dispenserequippedwithtwoconnectorsis cording theunitprixperkgorm³. grams orm³,aswellthetotalprice,fixedac- A displayshowstheCNGmassdelivered inkilo- Fig 9levelsofcodesandstandards Fig 8BRCcompressor - • • • includes: approval 2 NGV / R110 ECE for testing Cylinder • • • • • emerged: Various standards andregulations havesince Transportation (DOT). of Department US the by US the in use for proved ap were cylinders Type2 1980s, the In cylinders. regulations forlighter-weight, high-strength steel Italy wasthefirstcountrytointroduce specific industrial gascylinderstandards. Until thelate1970s,countriesessentiallyused cost. paying closeattentiontocylinderweightand veloped cylinderstomeetthesestandards while Cylinder manufacturers have designedandde- sed natural gas (CNG) onboard road vehicles. around theworldrelatedcompres- tostorageof Today anumberofsafetystandards are inuse Dave Myers • • • • • New Standards -Vehicles • • • • ISO Response: • • • • • ble 10inJan2007–Geneva: The outcomeofthefirstStep,ISORoundTa- and codesofpractices). To facilitatethecodificationofstandards (codes H2 standard development. To Harmonisetheexistingstandards. To expedite overlap/duplication). (NGV andH2)asrequired (butavoidinternational are: toproduce newandadditionalstandards The targetsofworldwidestandard harmonisation Acid-environment cycle Ambient temp/cycle Burst ECE R110 ISO 11439 NGV2 (1992original) CSA B51-1995 NZS 5454 Material compatibilityforH2operation Fuel qualityandvehiclesafety re, lowvolumecontainers pressu high e.g. components, Interchangeable NG andH2mixtures andcomponents fuels andvehicles for regulations and standards fuel dual and LNG We TCs are tousetheexistingdocuments andwork mance based,globaldifferences policy”–perfor relevance “global Implement TCs role iskeyinharmonising New standards are needed ded, includingworkinprogress nee is regulations and standards of Database and regulation bodies standardsbetween needed is interchange Better Performance standards mustbeimproved eded ne are regulations and standards Harmonised mustworkmore closelywith regulators - - - - - Fig 10schemeofatypicalCNGfuelstoragesystem • • • • • • • • • • The presently usedsafetydevices: crash zone. gers. Inherently safersincecylindersare outofthe Vehicles cancarryadditionalfreight andpassen- ves, PRDsandtubing. Fewer cylinderspervehiclereduces required val- scm. cylinder weightsavingforstoragevolumeof315 empty- 66% set-up. steel traditional a of weight Up to2.5timesthefuelstoragecapacity, forthe Improved fueleconomy. In lowfloorbuses,lightweightcylindersallows: large vehicle. lower-cost fuel-storagesolutionoverthelifeofa Lightweight carboncompositecylindersprovide a • • High-temperature creep Extreme-temperature cycle LBB assessment PRD performance Drop test Acid-environment test Flaw tolerance Bonfire test Penetration lized. reset itselfoncepressure inthesystemisequa- tubing. Theexcess-flowvalvewilleffectively as thatcausedbyabreak inthehigh-pressure case ofrapidpressure change(~ the in leakage gas prevents Valve: Excess-flow Thermal PRDs trigger either through the use of use the through either trigger PRDs Thermal wed tobuildinthecylinder. the cylinderanddangerous pressure isnotallo- event ofafire, gasisallowedtoescapefrom the in that so ±6°C, 110°C at operates PRV): plug- (Melting Valve Pressure-relief Thermal €P ≥ 2 bar), such

51 EVENTs 52 EVENTs N V NGV THE ElEVENTHIaNGV • • • manufacturer ofhigh-pressure aluminiumand ce andChina,Luxferisthe world’s largest Today we also operateplantsintheU.S.,Fran- invented thecold-extrudedaluminium cylinder. we where England, in marketsin1958 global for Luxfer beganmanufacturingaluminiumcylinders culture today. our earlysuccessisstillintegraltocompany have changed,buttheinnovativespiritthatdrove Over theyears,Luxfer’s products andmarkets of innovativestructuralglassandmetalproducts. manufacturer a as 1898 in founded was Luxfer History ofLUXFER as aminimumglobalstandard forCNGsystems. of UnitedNationsECER110shouldbeconsidered red whenchoosingaCNGsystem.Safetyaspects total operatinglifeofavehicleshouldbeconside- To achievethemaximumeconomicbenefit, sed attheexpenseofsafety. The initialinvestmentcostsshouldnotbeminimi- a bus. lower-cost CNGstoragesolutionoverthelifeof Large compositecylinderscanprovide asafe, Fig 11schemeofacylindervalve gas outofthevehicle. allows alow-pressure hosetobefitteddirect interface anddirects gasout viaexitholes.This valve/cylinder the at exiting from gas leaking valve, thelow-pressure O-ringprevents any ge tothehigh-pressure O-ringonasolenoid dama of case in System: Venting Low-pressure servicing orreplacement. cylinder sothatthevalvecanberemoved for of theventing rative, thesafetytapallowssafe otherwise becomesinope- or valve isdamaged solenoid a if (optional): Tap Safety Additional datory. ECE R110,theuseofasolenoidvalveisman- when thevehicleignitionisswitchedon.Under only openandallowgastoflowfrom acylinder will valve solenoid a Valve: Shut-off Solenoid times. rectly incontactwiththecylinderpressure atall di is PRDs the of Each valve. the from tube) (or the middleofcylinder, connectedviaapipe one locatedateitherendandathird locatedin PRDs, three has typically cylinder, 320-litre A ks thebulbatrequired temperature. bulb containingaliquidthatexpandsandbrea- temperature useaglass range,oralternatively a eutecticalloy, whichliquatesoveraverysmall coNfERENcE NGV 2008 - - • • • • Improved fueleconomy. Lightweight fuelstoragesystem Economic andSafety-related Benefitsofa world. and more than2,000employeesaround the which hasmore than20manufacturingplants Italy. LuxferGasCylindersispartofGroup, duct warehouse andsystem-assemblyfacilityin new, dedicatedEuropeanfuelpro- alternative European customerswillalsobenefitfrom our already beingexpanded. fuelcylinders,thenewfacilityissite alternative compo advanced of production the to Dedicated complex inCalifornia. facturing facilityatthelargeLuxfermanufacturing a new, state-of-the-art,21,500square-foot manu- including Division, Cylinder Fuel Alternative global composite cylinders.In2007,Luxferlaunchedits White Martins,establishedin 1912andpartof each Volkswagen model. System isdesignedandspecifically developedfor NGV The shop”). stop (“One Dealer Volkswagen The customerreceives theNGVdirectly atthe cess. standards fortheinstallationandassemblypro- The originalvehiclewarrantyiskept.There are products fuels. thatusealternative to keepthepioneerimageondevelopmentof Volkswagen dealerandalsototheNGVmarket; cost-benefit ratio,providing anopportunitytothe of NGVanoriginalwarranty, safetyandexcellent The objectivesare: tooffer tothefinalconsumer the market. Volkswagen andWhiteMartins,tooffer NGVto A project agreement wasformalizedbetween Marcio Araujo • • • • Ve the numberofvalves,PRDsandpipes(tubes). cylinders required persystem,thusalsoreducing of number the reducing size, cylinder Increased from fillingstations. routesreduces and spent travellingtoand time longer up opens which range, vehicle Increased of 315scm. weight savingforanequivalentstoragevolume empty-cylinder 66% a to up alternatively or ups, pared totheweightofconventionalsteelset- com capacity fuel-storage the times 2.5 to Up Ideally suitedforlow-floorbuses. of afire. upwards andawayfrom avehicleintheevent ideally positionedtoallownaturalgasvent they taketanksoutofthecrashzoneandare aresystems Roof-mounted inherently safer, since expected pay-back. and truckmanufacturers to easilycalculatethe and loweroperatingcosts,itispossibleforbus greater vehiclerange,improved fueleconomy capacity, freight/passenger increased the Given tion. vehicle out-of-servicetimeduringtankinspec- inspection, notahydrostatic test,whichreduces visual periodic a only need cylinders Composite gers. hicles can carry additional freight and passen and freight additional carry can hicles - - - • • • • • size pick-up?Becauseof: Why didFord investonthe CNG program forMid- • • • Ford’s main targetsare: Rogerio Maues NGV Kit’s components. tins formthejoint-venture WMTMthatprovide all NGV.Mar [www.brc.it.]White and MTM Brazil, In for convertingvehiclesfrom petrol toLPGand facturing andmarketingcomponentssystems trademark, isamongtheworldleadersinmanu- since 1977,andowneroftheBRCGasEquipment Italian companyheadquartered inCherasco(Italy) an S.r.l., M.T.M. the [www.cilbrascylinders.com.] Europe, Africa,andAsia. worldwide, inseveralcountriestheAmericas, Well over2.7milliongascylindersare inservice high-pressure cylinderstostore gases. its state-of-thearttechnologyinmanufacturing White Martinsisworldwideacknowledgedfor 1980. en producing CILBRASCylinders,inBrazil,since gases’ companyinSouthAmericaandhasbe- PRAXAIR Group, isthemostimportantindustrial CNG distributionfollowsapositivetrend Stable offer ofCNGinBrazil better environment. a have to policy corporate with aligned Project pick-ups. gasoline midsize of segment the on sales Strong (CNG). fuel alternative with vehicles for demand High ble project withalowoperational cost. relia and modern a customers the to deliver to injection system. for theusageofanysequentialmultipointCNG engine gasohol advanced most the develop to separately from aFord dealer Kit from theplant,customers shouldbuyit ty. Thepick-up doesnotcomewiththeCNG injection systemwithoutlosingoriginalwarran- bility toreceive anysequentialmultipointCNG capa the with Ranger Gasohol the launch to - - - • • • • • • • compared tootherCNGSystems Advantages from amultipointsequentialsystem • • • • • • • • CNG kitfeatures: design atairintakeperimeter. A newcylinderheadwasdesigned,witha Gasoline orCNGUsage. The advantageishighertorque andpowerduring Calibrations were revised, duetonewparameters. valves. intake (Stellite-faced) 6 Eatonite and inserts cylinder head,comprisinghardened valveseats gine hasbeenchosen,withuniquehighflow en Efficiency) High (Duratec DHE 2.3L revised A Pressure regulator te consumption indica that LED with IP on button on/off Unique Safety valve Injection ductwith4injectors CNG Filter Sealed PCMModuleforCNG from thesystem response better a to due power of loss Lower Eliminate BackFire problem Easy diagnosisofproblems Low maintenancecost Better emissionslevels Improvement ondynamicand drivabilityresults the systemdoesnotuseamixer as gasoline, with running when loss, power No 25 CPU CNG with system injection sequential Multipoint osmto 8,9km/l Consumption Torque Power unn ag 740km Top speed Running range performance m 3 cylinder. 218 Nat3,750rpm 150 cvat5,250rpm gasoline 147 km/h - - 9,0 km/m 191 Nat3,750rpm 133 cvat5,250rpm cNg 147 km/h 965 km(gasoline+CNG) 3

53 EVENTs 54 EVENTs N V NGV THE ElEVENTHIaNGV • • • • • • Next stepswillbe: • • have been: installations and/or cylinders unsafe of results The side ofthismarket? bytheretrofitShould theindustrybeconcerned vehicles. procedures, andregulated, routine inspectionsof good quality component suppliers, established procedures are inplacenowadays,aswell How safeare NGV?Standards andcertification Ian Patterson • • • • • • • injuries, casualties. The Resultmightbe:damage to property, serious properly certified. meet thecorrect safetystandards andhavebeen No meansofensuringvehicles beingrefuelled • Methods ofenforcing existing standards: ensure thatallvehiclesare inspectedasrequired. present technologyanyway,With itisdifficult to exist. spection. Inmanycountriesinspectioncapabilities stallation wasdone,allNGVrequire routine in- Regardless ofwhere theconversionorOEMin- gardless ofwhere thevehiclehasbeenconverted. to beawayofensuringallvehiclesare safe,re- reliable andcosteffective work,butthere needs Small conversionoperationscanprovide safe, version centres. conversion capabilitieswhichincludessmallcon- eds: recognition thatNGV are safe,largescale If NGVare togrow asforecast, theindustryne- To liabilities. To ath, personalinjuriesandproperty damage. FCV –fuelcellvehicle–electric(hydrogen) combustionengine H2 ICEinternal regenerator) w/ motor electric (gasoline/diesel+ technology hybridfor market local analyze to vehicle, hybrid also ongasoline/CNGengines and engines alcohol/gasoline on technology flex of use the of increase the and technology, flex To de in resulted have that incidents Preventable Control fuellingofvehicles. Regulation ofconversionfacilities Regular inspections sonnel. per certified & trained to conversions Restrict the costofconvertingvehicles. standards withoutcausingsignificantincrease in safety enforce to agencies regulatory Encourage them. the technicalitiesofapprovals andimplement understanding on authorities regulatory Educate dards forNGV. even beremoved ifsafetybecomes anissue. or weaken may NGV for support Government dct rgltr atoiis n aey stan safety on authorities regulatory Educate makenegativepublicityfortheNGVindustry. impedethegrowth ofNGV industry. u idsr a rs o sgiiat financial significant of risk at industry put coNfERENcE NGV 2008 - - - Fig 12theRFIDtag • • • How theRFIDworks: brain. ter, andconsumeslesspowerthanaHoneyBee’s 1980’scompu mid a than transistors more has It such asinNGV. environments harsh for suitable is Chips RFID The more logicandintelligence more powerful,withmore memory, containing They are notjustgettingsmaller, theyare getting this. all to solution possible a offer Chips RFID The vehicle andfuelingtransaction. And asystemtoprovide the traceabilityforevery stations. ted atareasonable cost toexistingnetworkof We shouldprovide asystemthatcanberetrofit- failsafe. to enableasolutionidentifyvehiclesthatis fication thatisreliable andtamperresistant, and It isnecessarytodevisealowcostvehicleidenti- & serviceCNGvehiclesystems. regulationsgovernment are abletoinstall,inspect that onlyresponsible companieswhocomplywith improper installations&inspections,andtoensure mitting approved vehiclestobefuelled,prevent the advantagesofCNGasasafefuelbyonlyper- inspection regulations. Itisadvisabletopromote It isdifficult toenforce existinginstallationsand range. under fillingvehicles,thusreducing therunning Limiting maximumpressure to200barresults in still potentiallydangerous. The refuelling at200barofuncertifiedvehiclesis certified vehiclesare filled. There are noreliable meansofensuringthatonly nitor vehicles. Inspection facilitieshavebeenestablishedtomo- ling pressure: e.g.200bar. There aremandatedlimitsonrefuel- government hicles. componentsandinstallationonCNGve- govern codesandstandardsThe existinginternational Viridis controller.Viridis the to reader to data vehicle transmits tag The A RFsignalfrom nozzleantennapowersthetag. The vehicleisconnectedtofuellingnozzle. - • matches thesystemasidentified onthetag.It It alsoverifiesthatthevehicle tank configuration vehicle licensematchesthaton thetag. spenser, topermitoperatorconfirmthat the The system displays vehicle identification on di- zed tobefuelled. authori is vehicle verify and tag, RFID vehicle the cent tothefuellingnozzle,automaticallyread adja located is antenna RFID safe intrinsically An communications. unit, withoutexternal The dispenserterminaloperatesasastandalone server.by theViridis The tagisautomaticallyprogrammed andverified attached touserPC. verification, dataisdownloadedtoprogrammer server.The informationisverifiedbyaViridis After red. tank, tubing,receptacle and otherdataasrequi- The userentersvehicleequipmentdata,including user nameandpassword. secureuser logsontoViridis websitewithunique connection.Theuser tohaveaPCandinternet by user. Vehicle tagprogramming requires the requiredas data other and ID customer figuration, con tank ID, vehicle includes data tag grammable ensure tagscanbeprogrammed. onlyViridis Pro- data includesuniqueidentifierforeachtagto The tagisdestroyed ifremoved from vehicle.Tag receptacle. They are secured tovehicleadjacentfuelling thorized installers,OEM’s orinspectionagencies. au to Viridis by aresupplied tags RFID vehicle The It canberetrofitted toexistingCNGdispensers. • • • This systemprovides: specific application.Fig.13,14 tion, eachoneoffers uniquecapabilitiesforits Tags are availableinmanyfrequencies ofopera- red powered (active)andexternally (passive)tags. powe self with available is technology RFID The signed forspecificapplications. de- is type Each available. are RFID of types Many reflection. temperature, moisture; diffraction, refraction, shock, vibration,bending;dirt,contamination, elements suchasrain,fogandUV; mechanical surrounding materialandelements;metal,liquid, terference; noise; electrical Intrinsic and ambient It isprotected againstEMI-Electromagnetic In- • • • • t from data encoded the validates controller The cle systems. installers, whichensures traceability ofallvehi- and vehicles certified of database central Secure Automated fuellingofcertifiedvehicles. fied andinspectedvehicles. certi identifying of means secure and Reliable vehicle tag. the to written be can data fuelling Optionally, RFID system. Viridis the by captured is data transaction The The vehicleisfuelled. The controller authorizesthetransaction. he vehicle. ------In mostcasesremoval of cal reaction. RE programme. processable spentmaterialthrough thePURACA- no effluents oremissions;proven technology;re- involvement; noutilities;energy consumption; selective (nohydrocarbon losses);nooperator Features: fixedbed;nonregenerable; longlives; Fig 13RFIDfrequencyranges H Fig 14applicationsofRFIDtag PURASPEC JM captures JM PURASPEC heavy metalsmightbepresent. Fig.15 e.g. poisons, Other ppm. 10 < at set is limit phur They canbepoisonedbysulphur. EU5totalsul- HC,anddestructionofNOx. unburned catalysts are required forcombustionofCOand carexhausttreatment,For modern precious metal ne specifications. to meetlocalNationalTransmission Systempipeli- compounds. Gas treatment is sometimesrequired Sometimes rawNaturalGascontainssulphur sometimes needed. from ofSulphur Elimination isat wellhead NG Matthew Humphrys transmit tohostsystemonoroff site. Optionally itcancapture the transactiondataand dispenser price. change and ID customer identify can it tionally, continuouslymonitorsduring tagfuelling. Op- (Reactive adsorptionprocess: MO+ sulphur inCNGtolessthanauto-fuelspecification 2 O ). ). H H 2 S 2 byirreversible chemi- S onlywilllowertotal H 2 S

→ MS +

55 EVENTs SaihNihayda& SaidRaul(Oman) Goodwin, N. Rankin&Perseus(Australia) North &EastCoast Trinidad (Trinidad) Niger Delta(Nigeria) & Askeland(Norway)Albatross Arun (Indonesia) Groningen (Holland) 56 EVENTs N Fig 15 V NGV THE ElEVENTHIaNGV The zero leading to an emission of 26.9 ng/ 26.9 of emission an to leading thus ng/litre, 23.5 ± 1,230.3 of LPG in mercury of Some studiescarriedoutinKorea showacontent ment. It poisonscatalysts,andisharmfultoenviron- It causes some difficulty indisposalofequipment. maintenance. problems exposure to due operators to during It isadsorbedontometalsurfaces,andcreates It causescorrosion toequipment. affect babies. unborn It hasimmediateeffects or buildupinbody. Can It attacksthehumannervoussystemandkidneys. Mercury isavolatile,toxicheavy metal. well towell. which surprisingly, isvolatile.Thelevelsvaryfrom Sometimes fossilfuelsmaycontainmercury, Elimination ofMercury from CNG It includes transport use,replacing LPG. distribution systemforresidential, commercial & gas natural a installing is Dhabi Abu of ADNOC time (2MS+Hg→ It canremove sulphurandmercury atthesame and features assulphurabsorbents. absorbents technologyadoptsthesameconcepts bed fixed JM PURASPEC removal mercury The Emissions are highestatstreet levelincities. tridge without interrupting supply. The‘Fitand The ‘Lead-lag’ is used,toallowchangeof car- ting PURASPECvesselsof0.5–3.3 tions andatseveralvehiclefilling stations,adop- odi,N akn&PresAsrla 38 SaihNihayda& SaidRaul(Oman) 12 Goodwin, N. Rankin&Perseus(Australia) North &EastCoast Trinidad (Trinidad) Niger Delta(Nigeria) & Askeland(Norway)Albatross Arun (Indonesia) Groningen (Holland) loction H H 2 2 S S Specification is < 3.3 ppmvol. It achieves It ppmvol. 3.3 < is Specification , soutilizeasmallbypass. H 2 S removal atpressure reducing sta- coNfERENcE NGV 2008 M2S +HgS). m m 3 size. 3 inexhaust. 60 10 1.0 250 –300 180 –200 μg/m 3 ) metal sealdefectsandleakpaths. concertedly minimizemicron scaleholes,metalto tential leaksincomponentsrequires designsthat Notwithstanding, successful mitigation ofpo- molecular interactions. de surfaceadsorption,diffusion andother Effects beyondthekinetictheoryapproach inclu- ls, ratherthaneachother. The moleculescollidepredominantly withthewal- cules, theleakassumesaKnudsentypediffusion. smaller thanthemeanfree pathofthegasmole- When theholesizeofaleakpathissignificantly atmcc/sec or~1atmcc/hourleak. long, 0.25micron diameter defectallows~3x10-4 mm 0.25 hydrogen, atm 350 A leak. 6atmcc/sec ~3x10- allows Darcy) (per defect seal metal ter micron 2.5 long, mm 1 helium, 1 atm A diame- Gas viscosityandrelative leak rate. le distribution. the gaswillflowwithalaminarparabolicPoiseuil- path ofgasmolecules(He:~0.25micron atSTP), If aholeis“big”(>10x)relative tothemeanfree hydrogen flowregime service.Viscous dominates. has committedtocomponentdevelopmentfor Swagelok experience historical this on Drawing vehicle applications. their wayintonaturalgasandhydrogen powered Swagelok componentshaveincreasingly found atmcc/sec. 10-9 of order the to down measured Figures ofmerittypicallyinvolve heliumleakrates over 20years. component designsforsealinglightgasses Semiconductor markethasdrivenSwagelok® • • There are inGeneraltwoLeaksTypes: Peter Williams used toprovide hydrogen locallytofillingstation. a compactautothermalreformer thatcouldbe developed has JM performance. the improves atly The additionofsmallamountshydrogen gre- bust completely. (so itisnontoxic)difficult toigniteandcom- range andduetoitsmoleculechemicalstability Pure methanehasarelatively narrow combustion hythane urban applications quirement, oremissions,whichmakesitidealfor forget’ technologyisapplied,withnoenergyre- atmospheric pressure andPhysics,85thed.–25°C, CRC HandbookofChemistry material viaabsorption-diffusion-desorption. solid a through leak leak–Molecules Permeation molecules travelthrough. leaking that “pore” or opening leak–An Path ehn 11 20 Methane 9 Helium Hydrogen a viscosity gas (μgsec/m 2 ) 1.8x 1x 2.2x to helium leak rate relative Fig. 16,17 • • • • • • • • • • • It hasthefollowingspecifications: 2005. Phill HRA,introduced intoproduction inearly The endresult ofthedevelopment process isthe natural gasfuelling. 2001 toprovide safe,convenient, lowcostindoor Fuelmaker began thedesign ofthePhilll HRA in Mario Pirraglia to thehighcarbonconcentrationatsurface. media. Thecorrosion response appearstobedue hance corrosion resistance inavarietyoftestsand gnificant ductility. Thesecasesretain andevenen- surfaces. Thesecarbondiffusion casesretain si- continuous pore structures betweenmatingseal that assistinlightgassealing,thereduction of treatments provide extraordinary casehardness (up to1,200HV, comparableto70HRC).LTCSS atomic %.Caseshowsincreased surfacehardness tials, carboncontent at thesurfaceas high as12 case. Colossalsuper-saturation ofcarbonintersti- thout formingcarbidesintheconformaldiffusion austenitic stainlesssteelsatlowtemperatures, wi- Swagelok patentedtechnology seal surfaces. of continuouspore structures betweenmating hardness differential formore assured reduction Low Temperature Carburization bly. enable fittingdisassemblyandsuccessfulreassem- mation ofmetalsurfacesbutwithfeatures to Fittings formation ofmetalsealsurfaces. Valves–Typicallyde- plastic localized highly employ Metal tometalsealprinciples proportionally. Seal annulargapwidthincreases theleakrate leak rateproportionally. pact. Seallength(diffusion length)reduces the Surface structures or gap widthhavebiggestim- sealing surfaces. atures are parallelismandflatnessofthemating Bringing surfacesinclosecontact,importantfe- structures betweenmatingsealsurfaces. The objectiveistoeliminatecontinuouspore General PurposeElectricalRating 45 /[email protected] 8 AmpCurrent Draw 16 ––34mbar(¼-½psig)inletpressure 1.8 P30 /P36temperature pressure compensation Appliance Certified Maintenance-Free Integrated gasdryer, gassensor, exhaustfan 120 /240VAC Supply Indoor /OutdoorInstallation m As epo cnetae patc defor plastic concentrated employ –Also 3 /hr flowrate : carburizationof Poie added –Provides - Fig 17installationofPhill 120 Volt, betterefficiency). The 240Volt operationwaschosen(eliminationof boards. circuit printed 8 vs. boards circuit printed The compactdesignallowsfurther integration:4 grated ontomaincontroller. Power supplyisreduced insizeandcanbeinte- It eliminatestheneedformotor speedcontroller. the electronics.lowed significantsimplificationto The introduction ofasinglespeedmotorhasal- speed motor. These changesallowtheintroduction ofasingle speed operation. Pressure bypassallowseasystartingwithsingle operation (fullflow). yer allowingdryerregeneration withsinglespeed Two bypassvalves route gas flowaround thedr- higher volumes),reliability improvements. Main features are: lowercost(at simplerdesign, in thedevelopmentofPhillGeneration1.5. Significant technicalbreakthroughs haveresulted the introduction ofPhillin2005. sincecontinued has testing field and Development Fig 16MaincomponentsofPhill

57 EVENTs 58 EVENTs Fig 18controlsystemofPhill N V NGV THE ElEVENTHIaNGV external communicationsport. external output); gasdetectoranaloguesignalisoutputto voltage controlled vs. circuit fan on/off plified (sim fan DC speed single include: changes Other of wind. sail iswiderandheavierforresistance toeffects for lowercostandsimplerinstallation.Airflow now mounted onacommoncircuit board are andbase Switch Flow Air and Detector Gas wind). flow switchdesign(immunetofluctuationsin reduced toone,reduced wiring);more robust air tector andairflowswitch(twocircuit boards Further simplification:integrationofthegasde- Fig 18 • • • • • Improved I/Oprotection. • Latesttechnology. • Lowercost. The advantagesare: mirocontroller-AtmelMega325. The newdesignallowstheintroduction ofanew ports ofthemicro. all test can JTAG the improvement: testing tion JTAG-Produc via capabilities scan boundary I/O with separateoscillator. watch-dog and supervisor voltage Integrated Integrated 1kbyteEEPROMmemory. HPT andetc.). (LPT, interfaces device simpler for operation 5V coNfERENcE NGV 2008 - - with A.13atatestfrequency definedasfollows: be carriedoutonfinishedcylindersinaccordance “Additionally, aperiodicpressure cyclingtestshall 6.6.2.2/7.6.2.2/8.6.2.2. Point service.” of per year times 1,000 to up for °C 15 of temperature to asettledpressure of200baratasettledgas 4.3.-“Cylinders shallbedesignedtofilledup maximum servicelifeshallbe20years…..”Point use underserviceconditionsspecifiedherein. The fied bythecylindermanufacturer onthebasisof ce lifeforwhichcylindersare safeshallbespeci- Service lifedetermination:Point4.1.3.-“Theservi- • • • • to servicelifeofthecylinder: ISO 11439:2000Mainspecificsconceptsrelated cylinders. areas are CNGfeatures important modern of the and therole andresponsibility oftheinvolved The workinglifelimitsofnewcylindersinservice, RicardoVicente • • • • • • • • • • • • Safety features: ckets; doubleisolationisavailableasanoption. fied mountingarrangementthrough fixedbra- due towearandtear);simplifiedventing;simpli- allow simplerin-fieldmodifications(hosechange HS from dayone;plastichousingmodificationsto signal overextendedtimeframe;designedforRo- This allowsremote monitoringofgasdetector Admissible maximumdefectsize. Leak Before Break. to steelstrength level. The standard imposeddifferent limitsaccording sum (S+P)oftheseelements.the phorus (P)and limits are determinedforthe sulphur(S),phos- can beused.Maximumthat material tion ofthe composi chemical the to imposed Restrictions Service lifedetermination. Blowback monitoring Excessive blow-downpressure detection Sudden pressure drop detection Insufficient pressure risedetection beginning, duringandendofrefuelling) (at Test Integrity Receptacle and Nozzle Hose, ference) inter (electromagnetic EMI V/m 10 to Resistant In-line break-away Inlet Pressure Detection Te Current Monitoring Exhaust /CoolingAirFlowDetection Gas Detection(duringrunningandidlestates) mperature Monitoring - - • tuent maximumlimitsshallbe: Consti bar). 200 at °C –9 pressureof a point dew vapour shall be limited to less than 32 mg/ 32 than less to limited be shall vapour Water Gas: Dry “4.5.2. point (Drygas–Wetgas) Restrictions tothesteelchemicalcomposition to say, 15years. the sameminimumlifeasISO11439:2000,thatis smaller andconsequentlyNGV2requires implicitly mum numberofcyclesthatmustalsofulfilis of lifespecifiedbythemanufacturer, themini- ber ofcyclesthanISO11439:2000byeveryyear Although theNGV2-2000requires asmallernum- than ISO11439. one cansaythatNGV2-2000islessconservative norm ISO11439thaninNGV2-2000,thisway in caseofhigher each yearofdesignlifeis33% However, the numberofcyclesdemandedfor tests, aminimumlifeof15years. adequate designandtheapproval ofdifferent demand themanufacturer toassure, through an Both standards, ISO11439:2000andNGV2-2000, cycles;…” cified servicelifeinyears,withaminimum15000 pressure cycledforatotalof1.000timesthespe- initially, from cylinder one be shall batch each • • • • shall be: than thatofdrygas.Constituentmaximumlimits Wet “4.5.3. water higher a has gas This gas: • • 23 mg/ sulphides soluble other and sulphide Hydrogen Hydrogen 0,1%(volumefraction)”. Carbon dioxide4%(volumefraction) Oxygen 1%(volumefraction) 3 mg/ sulphides soluble other and sulphide Hydrogen exceeding 950MPa”2%(volumefraction) from asteelwithanultimatetensilestrength manufactured are cylinders when Hydrogen, Oxygen 1%(volumefraction) in periodicaltests(batchtests) Pressure rangeintowhichcylindersshouldbecycled Minimum liferequired 15,000 Minimum quantityofcyclesrequiredforthestandard life Minimum numberofcyclesforeachyeardesign requirements cylinders and ngv2aboutcyclingtestsfor conditions forstandard iso 11439 comparison betweenrequired m m 3 3 m 3 (i.e. Point A-13. cycles rate10cycles/min) 20 –260bar(maximum 15 years 1,000 r 110 isO 11439:2000ece - countries thatadopttheNGVsystem. or regulation andcontrol entitiesofthedifferent recommendations indicatedbytheorganizations cylinders shouldrespect andaccomplishallthe refill to used equipment of owners or Designers te ornottoperformtheNGVsystemassembly. should defineifthevehiclestatusisappropria- They shouldrespect alltheinstallationnorms,and the regulatory bodies. They shouldhavethequalificationsrequired by of cylinders. recommendations indicatedbythemanufacturers installation ofcylindersshouldcomplywiththe Also designersorcontractorsresponsible forthe of cylinders. commendations indicatedbythemanufacturers Owners ofcylindersshouldcomplywiththere- customer andtheNGVsystem. maximum safetycondition,lookingforward the condition (15years)hastobecoincidentwitha It’s becauseofthat,thataminimumservicelife used thefluidthatcylinderswouldhaveinside. tend tosimulateusingserviceconditions,itisnot test approval prototype/batch some in if Even gas ormaybeduringitsuse,etc. stent defect,corrosive environment givenbythe level, stress status,shapeand sizeofthepre-exi- different ratesdependingonthesteelcleaning fect definedbythemanufacturer, couldgrow with A higherorlowerdefectthanthemaximumde- pressure cyclesfora15-year-design life. 1,000 pressure cyclesperyearoflife,i.e.15,000 A “worst-case”pressure cyclelifewasdefinedas ders andliners. sult inthegrowth offatigue cracksinmetalcylin- Repeated pressurization cycles willeventuallyre- service. pressure cyclesthancylindersusedinindustrial will experienceasignificantlygreater numberof experience from fillingoperations. CNGcylinders is thenumberofpressure cyclesacylindermay “…A considerationinthedesignofCNGcylinders methods. determine ifdifferent behavioursbetweenboth tests) andalsowithaninertgas(pneumatictests), sides, thetestswere madewithwater(hydraulic flawsofdifferentinternal lengthsanddepths.Be- The developmentsrequire and theuseofexternal flaws inthecylindricalenvelopeofcylinder. introduction (bymeansofmechanized)external have developedatestingmethodbasedonthe In order toverifytheLBBbehaviour, theauthors Leak before break (LBB) min) Punto12.5.2.1 frequenza: 10cicli/ 26 –259bar(massima 15 years 11,250 Delta 750 Ngv2:2000 - 0 33% 33%

59 EVENTs 60 EVENTs Fig 19maturityandsustainabilityoftechnologies N V NGV THE ElEVENTHIaNGV • NBR12790A;BS5045-Pat1–1983; • CTC3AA;ANNCC/IGMC; • EB926A;DM12/09/1925; • ANSI/IASNGV2Edition:1992/2000; • CAN/CSAB399/DOT3AA; • ISO4705Edition:1983; • possible standards: or importcylindersunderdeterminedrangeof The systemestablishesthechancetomanufacture res intheirproducts. peared duetoincidentsthatcamefrom thefailu- It’snecessary toexplainthatsomeofthemdisap- or incidents. stomers ofthisproduct againstqualityproblems responsible andthentheundercover ofactualcu- This lackofpresence generatesalossofpeople are stillinoperation. 27 different manufacturers, ofwhichtodayonly9 application system,there are CNGcylindersfrom In Argentina, with20years ofhistorical NGV CNG system (37.5% ofthem are in Argentina). More than7,000,000vehiclesintheworldusea provide thetechnicalframeofNGVsystem. ties whohavejurisdictionovercylinderuseshould For example:dryorwetgas.Regulatoryauthori- tion entities. manufacturing standards adoptedbytheregula- chemical compositionindicatedinthecylinder Suppliers ofnaturalgasshouldrespect thegas (cylinders). the standards usedintheGNVstoragesystems loaded gasfulfilstherequirements indicatedin (Temperatures andpressures) toverifythatthe standards ofcylindermanufacturers. sponding totherequirements indicatedinthe They shouldrespect thefillingconditionscorre- 2005 and 1997 / 1992 / 1972 Edition: 2526 IRAM coNfERENcE NGV 2008 70% lowerPM;~20%GHG. Typical EmissionReductions:~40%lower NOx;~ No changeincoolingrequirements vs.basediesel. vetrain components. The systemprovides compatibilitywithdieseldri- Identical torque curveasselecteddieselratings. is nochanceofdetonation). thereso, premixedair/fuel (no composition fuel of A robust combustionisensured overawiderange power andtorque; sameor higherefficiency. high same kept: is performance engine Diesel The is alowdieselusageunderallconditions. There air/fuel). pre-mixed (no stroke compression Natural gasisinjectedathighpressure atendof gy forauto-ignitionofgasinjection. injected justpriortonaturalgas,provide ener- is diesel pilot Injection: Direct Pressure High the Technology, HPDI Westport of features main The 2007. New generationtechnologywaslaunchedin and otheroff-road applications. tional (urban)andhighwaytrucks,Minetrucks voca duty heavy 8 Class trucks, work and buses largest usersofdieselfuel:urbanfleetssuchas Our heavydutyvehiclestrategyFocusesonthe Fig. 19 trucks; hydrogen research. bling technologies;marketdevelopment;off-road activity: Mid-rangetrucks;heavydutytrucks,ena- And hasglobalpartnershipswithOEMs.Fieldof 60 millionCanadian$revenue inFY07. got ~270employeesworldwide,The companyhas facturers in20countriesoffer ourengines. manu vehicle OEM 55 than MoreMoscow, Delhi. Paris, Boston, Angeles, Los DC, Washington jing, on theroad, withcustomersin35countries:Bei- There are over17,000ofourenginesandvehicles LPG, biogas). fuel enginetechnology(naturalgas,hydrogen, It is now a world leader in heavy-duty gaseous UBC technology. Westport wasfoundedin1995,andcreated the Jonathan Burke • • • • • Maximumservicelifeofthecylinder. blish: Most ofthementioned standards donotesta- Design basedontheLBBprinciple. ble defect. admissi of size maximum the of Determination Chemical compositionofthegas. and aluminum). (steel material raw the of cleaning of Degree - - - • • • • • • Characteristics: Fig 22 • from storagetodispensers. • nes theflowofgas: with onegroup ofcylindersPrioritypaneldetermi- Station layout1;bankstoragesystem; important. an optimizedandflexiblelayoutismore andmore variation andincrease ofenergy consumption.So The variationoftheInletpressure causesflowrate cars andvolumeoffilling. are peaks sales hours; of onquantity depending ver 24hoursaday, evenifthestationoperates24 The utilizationofaNGVequipmentdoesnotco- mum. starts &stopshavetobereduced tothemini- such asenergycostandlifetimeofcomponents These haveanegativeimpactonoperationalcost starts andstopscan’t beavoided. the compressor mayhavean optimalsize,butIt´s equipment (compressor, dispenser, storage,….). ce (spare parts,overhauls, …).Investmentcost, consumables (compressor oil,…);maintenan- energy costs(compressing, cooling, auxiliaries,…); pressor, dispenser, storage,….).Operationalcost: structure (land,building, ….);equipment(com- of severalmajorfactors.Investmentcost:infra- The costsofownershipanNGVstationconsist Ingo Lipkau Fig 21 • • Commercial release • • • Engineering Vehicles andTest cells • • • • Demonstration programs Our experienceanddataisderivedfrom: on allhoses). (influenceparallel in cars fill will hoses Dispenser cle →startofthecompressor. vehi the at pressure final limits pressure falling falling pressure increases fillingtime pressure inthestorage–max.250baratstart, approx. 10%ofthestored gas, rage andvehicle sto pressuredifferencebetween using by Filling from compressor tostorageordispensers ~270,000 kmtodate ~40 Trucks inservice Te km) (25,000 Vancouver in vehicle Engineering 2007 km) Vancouverin vehicle Engineering 2006 (165,000 km) 225,000 (2007-2008: Australia in Co-operative Goulburn Murray and Fridge Sands Mitchell, 600,000km) (2006-2008: Francisco San in Norcalfleet NREL 700,000 km) (2005-2006: Ontario in fleet Challenger 9,000,000 km) (2001-2006: Francisco San in Norcalfleet st Cell(~30,000hrsoftesting) - - • tors: Sales optimizationofthestation,Influencingfac- • Fig 20highpressuredirectinjection Fig 22stationlayoutwith1bankofstoragecylinders Fig 21 iln Sed nme o cars of -number Speed Filling Filling degree -gasoutlettemperature design

well towheelGHGemissioncomparison → compressor

61 EVENTs 62 EVENTs Fig 24compressordesignforaveragesale Fig 23compressordesignforpeaksale N Fig 25stationlayoutwith3 banksofstoragecylinders V NGV THE ElEVENTHIaNGV • is thennecessary. nection, powercost.Anoptimizeduseofstorage negative costofownershiponmotor, electriccon- then itistoobigforrest of theday, whichcauses If thecompressor issized for thesaleonpeaks then itmissesthepeaks. If thecompressor issized for averagedailysale early Morning, lunchtime,evening. early Morning, possible. Usuallythere are 3mainpeaksfirst be not may filling sufficient a hours peak At coNfERENcE NGV 2008 signal response rate,slowingitdown untilthe functioning oraged Generally aslewboxisused to simulateamal- Example: oxygensensormonitor What doyouhavetobecompliant? Catalyst. ted are: misfire; fueltrim;oxygensensor;EGR- The majormonitorswhichare likelytobeaffec- Not allmonitorsare affected byswitchingtoNG. gas. when thevehicleisconvertedtorunonnatural The samecorrelation willnotnecessarilyexist detected bythemonitor. and theemissionsperformancewhenfaultis on acorrelation betweenthemonitoringstrategy resholds are setupforgasolineoperation,based emission standard) theMIL is illuminated.Faultth- When faultthresholds are reached (1.5timesthe system isgoodorbad. tual performance,anddecisionsare madeifthe Predicted modeloutputsare compared withac- stem shouldbedoing. predictsA modelisdevelopedwhich whatthesy- the applicableemissionsstandards. which willcauseemissionstoexceed1.5times Indicator Light(MIL),whenamalfunctionoccurs The monitorsalertthedriverwithaMalfunction engine managementsystem. monitors, whichdetectadversebehaviourinthe sophisticatedof set a comprises system II OBD The what isaOBDII? II compliant,withoutthehelpofOEM.But OBDbe to challenge significant a faced converters NGV converters.Subsequentto2005,aftermarket through relationships betweentheOEMsand compliant II OBD were NGVs OEM 2005, By further detailedtesting. de, sincetheywere considered unreliable without Some selectedmonitorswere disabledinNGmo- pliance. were fuelvehiclecom- acceptedforalternative waivers annual 2005, to Prior 1996. in mented imple was 1989 of regulation II OBD CARB The ofOBD2inNorthAmerica History Alex Lawson and stops) The ware ofthecompressor islower(lessstart The costsfor the electricalconnectionare lower. will besmaller. zed. Thecapacityandfootprintofthecompressor Stops andtotalcostsofownershipcanbeoptimi- better utilization ofthe storagereduces Starts & of a1banksystem,thebenefitisobvious.A Compared witharegular utilizationof10%out ved. system anutilizationof30to40%canbeachie- bank -3 adjustable –and optimized an using By rage. 40% ofgascompared to10%ofanormalsto- Storage with3sectionsallowusageof30%to storage. It optimizesthegasflowandutilizationof in 3sections. A three banksystem,isnotjustastoragedivided O 2 sensorbyslewing outthe - gasoline settings. reshold levelswilllikelyhavetobereset from the gent thanthebasegasolinevehicle,thenth- When thecertificationlevelonCNGismore strin- wever, beaddedforCNGspecificcomponents. Some formofadditionalmonitoringshould,ho- conversions. may beconsidered adequateforaftermarketNGV as thebasegasolinevehicle,thresholds Provided thecertificationlevelremains thesame te adequateforanaftermarketNGVconversion. qui be may calibration OBD gasoline a of use The benefit toemissionscompliance. little with compliance, II OBD for money gnificant Aftermarket NGVconvertersmaybespendingsi- program. into questionwiththeresults obtainedinthetest aftermarket NGVconvertersistherefore brought for compliance II OBD of effectiveness cost The ne, costinexcessof$40K. are common.Twothreshold setsof catalysts,alo- family engine per $125,000 of Costs compliance. IIOBD developing in areinvolved costs Substantial 1.5 timestheemissionsstandard. be compared againstthemalfunction criteriaof FTP emissionswere thenmeasured whichcould sholds. until theMILwassetbasedongasolinethre- progressively create afaultduringCNGoperation, The methodoftestingforeachmonitorwasto certification stringency. dicated CNGconversions,anddifferent levelsof nologies, different OEMvehicles,bi-fuelandde- The studycovered different CNGconversiontech- recalibration duringNGVoperation. pliance ifgasolinethresholds were usedwithout tent towhichtheemissionswouldbeoutofcom- A testprogram wasinitiatedtodeterminetheex- conversions Test program ontypicalAftermarket be costeffective. necessary. Thehighcostofcompliancemaynot to reset MILthresholds, whichmayornotbe rally hasnoaccesstotheOEMcomputerinorder When ithascompleteditstestprogram, itgene- engine family. per $100,000 expensive: very is work test The curvetoclimb. a largelearning The challengefortheaftermarketconverter:Ithas testing costsare high. so set, per $40,000 cost can catalysts threshold sions willbecloseto1.5timesthestandard The catalysts, agedbeyondusefullifesothatemis- Usually donebypurchasing asetofthreshold sions reach 1.5timestheemissionsstandards. The catalystsare progressively ageduntiltheemis- Example: CatalystMonitor at whichpointtheMILissettoilluminate emissions reach 1.5timestheemissionsstandard, - middle group. highest group. LPG,Ethanol, andLNGare inthe the in are bio-diesel and Gasoline, Diesel, group. Methanol, CNGandHydrogen are inthelowest gy inagivenvolume. it mustbetransportableandhavemaximumener- Answer: Itdoesn’t. Forafuel tobecosteffective, be connectedtoapipeline? So whydoesanaturalgasservicestationhaveto tanks connectedtothedispensers. Fuel isbrought inbytanker trucks,andstored in Answer: None. bring inthefuel? How manyconventionalstationshavepipelinesto applications. concentrated itis,theeasieristouseonmobile to getitfrom production toapplication.Themore The more concentrateditis,thelowercosts hydrogen; aselectricity. diesel, Gasoline,LNG,etc;asaGas,naturalgas, husks,etc;asaliquid,a solid,coal,wood,corn be treated withrespect. Energyistransported:as All fuelscanliberatethatenergy. Allfuelsmust that canbeused. safety,As for energya fuelcarries definition, by better waysofcarryingit. Natural Gascanbecarriedinbags,butthere are fety, availability, environmental Impact. What makesavehicularfuel?energydensity, sa- Claus Emmer Fig 26energyoffuelspervolume

63 EVENTs 64 EVENTs Fig 27characteristicsoffuels N Fig 28howvehicletanksfunction 0 4.8 0.11 600 (41.38) 40 (4.14) 20 (1.38) Psia (bara) Pipeline Pressure V NGV THE ElEVENTHIaNGV 0.27 0.35 trailer kWh/kg energy tofilltube h isalto o a LG ak n H truck HD a in tank LNG an of installation The over thelifeofvehicle. Fuel savingswillneverpayforthecostoftank ver beeconomical. An LNGVehicle Tank inanSUVprobably willne- sion; fuelsystem;installation. The costofconversionincludesengineConver- be (savings perKmxdriven).Paybackneedsto $conversion/ = Payback back. pay get to fuel of ge. There istheneedtouse significantamounts The choiceoffuelis,partially, afunctionofusa- ble. The transportationcostmodelsare readily availa- ach thoseofliquefaction. The totalcompression energyrequirements appro- The motherdaughtersystemisnotsocheap. ≤ 1. 1. 0.19 0.19 0.19 kWh/kg recompress tofill energy to coNfERENcE NGV 2008 0.30 0.46 0.54 compression kWh/kg total energy There isafilllinetotopthetank. add orchangethepressure. The heatexchangervaporizestheLNG;itdoesnot Fig 30LNGfuellingconnector ParkerKodiak Fig 29LNGfuellingconnectorCarterIcebreaker 0.39 0.53 0.56 plant,) kWh/kg liquefaction (100 tPD energy for 130% 115% 104% trailers compressing to tube % energy toliquefyvs. diesel tank,hasbeco- being themostlikea The singlehosefill, • • • of vehicletanks There are three types quickly. will payforitselfvery dard. Fig28 me theindustrystan- ks: estimated50 tan equipped Pump ted 20 estima- fill: hose Dual on themarket are more than7,000 there fill: hose Single - • • • • • • • • • • • • Now thepracticalaspects,somerulesofroad: • • • • NFPA 52–Vehicular fuel,2006 Some Guidelinesforvehicletanksystems: Meet meteringcodes. compensate fortemperature change; quirement; compensateforcompositionchange; small volumesaccurately;havenocool-downre- The dispenserisdesignedsoitdoes:measure has: atank,pump,anddispenser. station a terms, simplest the In cm. 86 to 41 from diametersin ranging tank, LNG of models 80 than hasmoreThis isahighmaintenanceitem.CHART of accuracy. so anymoisture or bad contactwillresult in loss pacitance gauge.Itdoesemitaverysmallsignal, around 2minutes.Thefuelcontentgaugeisaca- is fuelling actual Departure– to –Arrival The hr/dispenser. vehicles/ 12 fill to is stations for US in test sioning rate of75LPM(20GPM).Thestandard commis- The LNGVehicle tanksneedtofillataminimum positive lock;O-ringseals. Characteristics ofconnectors:50G/minflows; Be respectful ofLNG. cs than90€ characteristi flow better have elbows bent Long liquid lines. the on –particularly piping diameter large Use Always useOEMrelief valves. use OEM parts. gauge, fuel the with play must you if And Don’t playaround withthefuelgauge. strap. the and tank the between liner rubber a Put well supportedtankisahappytank. A straps. few too than many too have Better rear ofvehicle. to facing plumbing with tank mount Always will notrun. low,engine too the is tank the pressurein the If required bytheengine. be saturatedto maintain the minimum pressure to needs tank vehicle a into going fuel The be condensed. Yo Manufacturer’s guides. Europe startingtoworkon one. one. issued just Korea codes. Country Individual powered heavy-dutytrucks LNG for practices -Recommended J2343 SAE u MUST get fill rate high enough for vapor to vapor for enough high rate fill get MUST u o o o Itiscold-163⁰C Always weareyeprotection result. To f uch ittoolongandbodilyharmwill ittings. - hydrates. red? Thenewtechnological frontier istheofgas assu be uses fuel automotive for supplies R/P Will R/Pnumbersdecrease asdemandsoar?Will ring andwillcontinuetoincrease. (until mid-century?).the demand forCNG is soa- require naturalgastogeneratethehydrogen itself The hydrogen fuelsystem of thefuture willfirst system. tion from current liquidfuelstoahydrogen fuel The vehicularnaturalgascouldeasethetransi- nerally higherthanforoil. ge are indicators reserve/production gas Natural than oilreserves. reserves are more widelydistributedworldwide tomotive fuelmodeladoptedinBrazil.Naturalgas Natural gasisnowanentrenched partoftheau- natural gas. natural gasisnowthefastestgrowing marketfor via) andalsobyLNGimportsinfuture. Vehicular Additional gasissuppliedbypipelines(from Oli- duction levels. Brazilian demand expandedbeyond national pro- the globalization ofthenaturalgasmarkets, the National production developedaccordingly. With for energyproduction. nal energypolicycreated demandfornaturalgas In thecaseofBrazilianexperience,natio- consumption. lized. Regionalsupplytendstomatchregional Regional demandtendstobecomeinstitutiona- and demandaspects. been dominatedbyregional, notglobalsupply Natural gasmarketsandpriceshavetraditionally Chaves Fernandes Hernani World Pacific 48 Africa Middle East 41 Europe Central andsouth America North America region the worldsituation 163 39 79 41 100+ 14 60 32 80 11 23 r/Pgas 12 r/P oil - -

65 EVENTs 66 EVENTs Fig 33gashydratelocalization Fig 32gashydrateavailability Fig 31gashydrates N V NGV THE ElEVENTHIaNGV coNfERENcE NGV 2008 i d Jnio al ovre i wrsos from workshops in converted all Janeiro, de Rio of fleetsrunninginthestatesSaoPauloand Nowadays, thesystemcomesinstalledinvehicles emissions andsafetytests. mental SanitationTechnology), afterperformance, fication issuedbyCETESB(CompanyofEnviron- This technologyhasreceived environmental certi- operate withCNG. that allowsdieseloperatedheavyvehiclestoalso system Flex DG the showed services, and nology Robert Bosch,aleadingglobalsupplieroftech- novelty natural gas,suchasthegashydrates. obstacle, consideringnon-conventionalsources of possible future demandforCNGwillnotbean The availabilityofnaturalgasinorder tomeet favourable overatleastthenext25years. The supplyanddemandsideconsiderationsare ce fortheautomobileindustry. Natural gasandflexfuelvehiclesare thebestchoi- pure ethanol,andCNG. fers amplechoiceoffuels:pure gasoline,gasohol, The Brazilianmodelofaflexiblefuelsystem,of- choice, suchastheoneadoptedinBrazil. tomotive fuelmodelwhichprovides flexibilityof Biofuels fitinperfectlywiththetechnologicalau- Fig. 33,34 should beavailablethereafter. for thenext20years.Naturalgasfrom hydrates Current worldnaturalgasreserves are ample gas market. New logisticpermitsglobalizationofthenatural E16 cubicmetres (SantosNeto,2004). estimated atatotalrangingfrom 10E15to The totalgashydrateresources intheworldare Fig. 31,32 Fig 35 also possiblewithBiodiesel. is Flex DG the with operation the CNG, of use the over 30%runningindiesel-gasmode.Besides of savings economic for allows system also The lanes ofthebigcities. main pollutantagentsfoundinthebusandtruck application andconditionsofuse,whichare the ticulate emissionsupto75%,dependingonthe Tests performedshowthatvehiclesreduce par- operate onthedieselmode. offautomatically turned andtheenginestartsto the absenceofCNG,gasinjectionsystemis full loadandenginerotation, mayreach 90%.In The replacement ofdiesel,incertainconditions the combustionchamber. andtemperaturethe gasburning maintenancein still necessarybecausethisfuelisresponsible for sel isreduced totheminimumpossible,butitis on dieselonly. Inthemixture, theinjectionofdie- same powerandtorque ofthevehiclethatruns with themixture ofdieselandCNG,offering the working start to engine the allows Flex DG The lization andIndustrialQuality. INMETRO (NationalInstituteofMetrology, Norma- the BoschTruck Service Network, andcertifiedby Fig 35DGFlexsystem Fig 34projectedworldenergydemand

67 EVENTs 68 NEWs fRom N GV comPaNIEs Gas systeMs assembling. Theresearch anddevelopmentofthe of adesigncharacterisedbyreliability andeaseof system. Theseare thebest proof ofthesuccess cars Intheworldthatare equipped withaLovato polluting emissions.There are more than5million in compliancewiththemore recent normson for theconversionofvehiclestoCNGandLPG, today afullrangeofsystemsandcomponents need foracleanerenvironment, Lovatooffers evolution ofenginesandtheevermore stringent the technologicalchallengesofcontinuous combustionengines.Facing other typesofinternal applications onscooters,marineenginesand reference pointforexperimentationofinnovative and LPG)conversionkitforvehiclesa a leaderinthefieldofgaseousfuel(CNG mature technologies,thattodaymakethisfirm competence, andhasdevelopedmore andmore since, LovatoGashasgainedmore andmore centre forinnovationandexperimentation.Ever a beginning the very since been has firm the where Vicenza, in 1958 in Lovato Officine the made him to found sense ofeconomics and hisintuition entrepreneurial spirit Ottorino Lovato:his of performanceandreliability. level maximum the ensure to Center Development and testforlongbytheLovatoResearch and of thesystemhavebeenunderevaluation most recent normsEURO 4. Allthecomponents the EASYFAST systemhasbeencertifiedtothe Valvetronic technology tothis Thanks engines. and turbo including cylinders, 8 to 3 from ranging of gasoline.Ithasbeenconceivedforengines exactly inthesamewayasithappenscase is synchronized withthe phase ofthecylinder, injected inthesinglecylinderbyaninjectorthat multipoint sequentialinjectionsystem,thegasis thisphased In systemsforCNG. conversion the mostrecent technologicalevolutionofthe The LOVATO EASYFAST METANO represents metano The sequentialinjectionnewsystemeasyfast the present needsofthecarmanufacturers. satisfy to 16949:2002 ISO/TS to also certified been also delivers products directly to OEMs, and has certified toISO9001since1999.Today thefirm quality thephilosophyoffirm.Ithasbeen out usingenginetestbenches.LovatoGasmakes on themarket.Acceleratedlifetestsare carried firm hasalaboratorywhichcantestallcarspresent New pressureregulator RMJ3 Patented filterFSUwith Integratedsensors 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 5 4 3 2 Wiring diagram 6 5 4 3 2 1 diagram Installation wire Wi wire Wi EASYFAST CPU Electricinjectors Filterwithsensors with fuellevelgauge Pr valve with electricshut-off Pr Nozzles Electricinjectors Filterwithsensors with fuellevelgauge Pr off valve with automaticshut- Pr Refuellingvalve Fuse15A connector Selfdiagnostic cut-off Wi Switch essure indicator essure regulator essure indicator essure regulator ring withgrey ring withblack ring for injector ring forinjector

69 NEWs fRom N GV comPaNIEs 70 NEWs fRom N GV comPaNIEs N V NEWs fRom NGV comPaNIEs American company GEM. Matra isalreadyelectric carsbuiltby theNorth selling with the local supplier of electricity, DONG. In France, together withthecompanyProject BetterPlaceand designed electric totally vehicles market Danish the Also by2001,Renault-Nissanwill manufacture for get isabout150millionEuro. electric forRenaultIsraelwithintheproject whichbud- By 2011,Renault-Nissanwillmanufacture cars100% vehicle whichshouldbeready bytheendof2008. the companyPininfarinaon BlueCar, project, a cars. The Bolloré group is working in partnership with Heuliez, designerandmanufacturer ofmarketniche and Dassault) Serge (Electronique SEV companies Cleanova originatedfrom apartnershipbetweenthe EDF.and Veolia,Accord, Poste), (La Post French the ready, suchastheCleanovamodel,already usedby ration electricvehicles(withlithiumbatteries)are now since theeighties.Someprototype ofsecondgene- The French carindustryis working onthisprocess about 150km. nagement systemallowanaveragerunningrangeof batteries, associatedtoaninnovativeelectronic ma- trical energysuppliedbyfuelcells.Atpresent, these new generationhighdensitybatteries,orwithelec- full lighttheinterest forthe electricenginesfedby and thereduction ofthegreenhouse gasesputinto totheenergyfrom The questforalternatives fuels of thegovernment. other thingshaveconfirmedthisthemeasapriority in Grenelle, heldbefore lastsummer, whichamong cess ofdeeprenewal afterthe Environment Meetings The transportpolicyofFranceisatpresent inthepro- n • n • And todaytwonewAEBproducts are available: aeb-srl.com For more informationvisitorsendamailtoaebasst@ in thiswayeasyandquick. hand withjustaclick:installationoperationbecomes Thanks toAEBONLINEallinstallationschemesare at conversion tobeperformed. information andthelistofAEBproducts foraproper market with our database we offer ourcustomersall with theAEBproducts: foreachcarmodelonthe who wanttoconvertanykindofcarLPGorCNG AEB ONLINEisanindispensableinstrumentforpeople connection. just from yourowncomputer, through anInternet stallation schemesoftheAEBproducts onanyvehicle, is nowavailable.Thisservicewillallowtoseethein- The newversionofthesoftware serviceAEBONLINE aV vehicles. the connectorofdeadcentre sensorforOpel with AEB510Nasaninterface with theconverter the wiring system AEB410M to be installed together ceived forthecarPeugeot407 the gasoline float emulator AEB393, especially con

france tHe neW V lable ailable belieV ersion ofaeb es in tHe electric o n lineisno ca r W - n electricity. metres, willbeusedforfeeding thebuildingswith The solarpanelswhichcoverasurfaceof1,000square rainwater collectorforplanecleaning. Lipsia, whichwillusethesolarenergyandinstall in hub the inaugurated recently has DHL Europe In of biogasfrom theagricultural activity. for energysavingandisalsoworkingontherecovery working onthe production of photovoltaic systems is DHL level, international the At fuels. alternative on fleet, and toincrease thenumberofvehiclesrunning to substituteinthenext12years90%ofairplane environment friendlysolutions. thegroup isplanning committed totheconstantupdatingofitsfleetwith wood in the rainforest. Furthermore, DHL is constantly to thestudyofrenewable fuels andtheplantationof the environment, rangingfrom thefleetrenewal up transport with projects destined to the safeguard of of carbondioxide,producedflight bytheinternational by 2020.Thetargetistocompensatetheemissions In this way it is possible to create some particular “low In thiswayitispossibletocreate someparticular“low hydrogen andnaturalgasorusingonlyoneofthem. The noveltyofthissolutionisthepossibilitymixing hydrogen. en installedtofuelitsthermalenginewithCNGand Toyota Prius,onwhichsomecomponents havebe- It isahybridcarwhichincirculation already, the with peculiarcharacteristics. and Idromeccanica, haveintroduced aprototype car In acollectivestandsomefirms,amongwhiche-gas tH n areas. for hybridvehiclesorfullyelectricintheurban authorities are more andmore sensitivetotheneed stations whichcoverwideurbanareas. Themunicipal wed bythelargenumberofpublicelectricrecharge The developmentofelectricvehiclesinFranceisallo- the emissionsofCO belongs, andwhichiscommittedtothereduction of DHL which to Group, Net World Post Deutsche the this serviceispartoftheeco-sustainabilitypolicy flighttransport. ternational the emissionsofcarbondioxide,produced bythein- shipping service,created withthetargetofreducing D sHi HL ExpressGoGreen,HL value launches added Italy an

at dHl e ree fU PPinG serV K ey XPress el ener ca Gy r ice H it aly ec as 2 by10%2012and30% oM

been la ondo tHe U ncH introdU es tHe first ced G oG H reen ybrid

71 NEWs fRom N GV comPaNIEs 72 NEWs fRom N GV comPaNIEs N V NEWs fRom NGV comPaNIEs Fax +390719749238 Tel./Phone +390719749378 Ghergo Industry&Engineering G.I.& E.S.p.A. For information: minimal hindrance. sor cylinders,toreach highflowratesandtogetthe lower energyconsumption;doubleeffect compres- direct elasticjointdrive,to get ahigherefficiency and to get an increased reliability andflexibilityoftheplant; cooling systemforcompressor cylindersandforgas, easy andeconomicalmaintenance;liquidrefrigerant chine; compressor cylinders withjacket,toallowan an increased efficiency andmore reliability ofthema- with pre-heating andpre-lubrication functions,toget ghest levelofthismarket:separatelubricationsystem of theGREENGAScompressor putthisfirmatthehi- standards oftheplantsbuiltandstrong innovation ranging from 120 and 1,800 sm 1,800 and 120 from ranging te CNGservicestations,withdelivered gasflowrate key”installationofcomple- modules uptothe“turn is rangingfrom thesimple deliveryofcompression application ofCNGtovehicleswithanoffer which Green Power Technology isactiveinthe sector ofthe n • • • • • • • to itsutilisationonthecar: of thesystem,startingfrom hydrogen production up The partnersofthisproject provided allcomponents emissions onthisparticularcarmodel. te performance,withafurtherreduction ofpolluting The hydrogen CNGmixture allowsinanycaseadequa- of hydrogen asfuelforthethermalengine. drive trainisusedincombinationwiththeapplication environment impact”areas where onlytheelectric (www.enerconv.it) ENERCONV: electronic systems for energy conversion enercat.it) ENERCAT.ITALIA: hydraulic power generator (www. slab.it) (www.erreduegagenerators gas on-site Erre-Due cebi.com) MES-DEA sa components for electric vehicles (www. idromeccanica.it) pression systemsforautomotiveapplication(www. Idromeccanica: famous manufacturer of CNG com and wind(www.f2m.it) F2M: systems for energy production from sun light vehicle CNGfuelling(www.e-gas.it) e-G@S:

tHe Green Po since 2001 manufacturer of systems for for systems of manufacturer 2001 since W er t ec H no lo 3 /h. the high quality quality high the /h. G y offer - - n n with theCVCCengine. impact gasolineengines,whichstarted backin1972 environment low of than 35yearsofdevelopment field ofthehybridvehicleselectric-gasoline andmore result of20yearsresearch anddevelopmentinthe customer share. InsightConceptrepresents thetop to widenitsoffer ofhybridcarsthusreaching alager tion theaccesstohybridtechnology. Hondaplans market, Insightwillallowtoanewcustomergenera- economy. Startingfrom animportantpositiononthe capacity togetherwithverylowemissionsandfuel thy fiveseats,thusoffering practicalityandfunctional cept chassis;itwillbeoffered ina5doorsversionwi- in thenextfouryears.Thiscarisbasedonanewcon- ree more hybridmodelsthatwillbecommercialised tegy forhybridsofHonda,whichwillalsoincludeth- 2009. Insightrepresents astepoftheimportantstra- ly produced carwhichwill beputonthemarketin Concept willconstitutethestylisticbasisforaserial- the environmental impactof itsproducts. TheInsight future strategyofthebrand, firstofallinterms presentto showits occasion commitmentandthe T ted at Paris Motor sHoW n active whenthecarisqueuing. energy isthatofthe“automaticStop&Go"which which allows tofurther reduce the consumption of into powergenerator. Anotherimportantfunction converts automatically driver electric the case which cally recharged duringthedeceleration andbrake,in with zero emissions.Thebatteries are thenautomati- the carcanbedrivenbyelectricalenginealone, km/h) 49 to 20 (from speed and loads low at whilst these driversensures starting andgoodacceleration are manufactured byHonda. Thecombineduseof i-VTEC with3phasingstages).Bothdriverandengine (thenew1.3 ment butwhichisparticularlymodern an efficient gasolineenginehavingasmalldisplace- Civic Hybridideallycombinesanewelectricengineand the rest ofEurope. the USA, in Japan and in win great appreciation in already has which a car lation ontheroad with is fosteringthefree circu- ty andatthesametime of thesustainablemobili- borates tothepromotion Automobili Italiaiscolla- thisinitiativeHonda With stration ofComo. Puglia, andtothecommunalprovincial admini- and totheenvironment councillorshipoftheRegione nal administration,andtheprovincial administration, delivery ofaCivicHybridasfree loantothecommu- Honda AutomobiliItaliahasofficially announcedthe Iveco wasatthe eventIIFieraMondialedeiVeicoli a n he Paris Motor Show is for Honda an important he ParisMotorShowisforHondaanimportant at

iVec tHe Hybrid H onda U rale ei o at f

ciV ra Mondiale dei Veicoli a Gas aGas iera MondialedeiVeicoli dr ic H c oG onceP ybrid en o t i nsi GHt W as P resen- 73 NEWs fRom N GV comPaNIEs 74 NEWs fRom N GV comPaNIEs N V NEWs fRom NGV comPaNIEs the gasolineversion. pipe, whichmeans 10%reduction compared to n oil). mass toLiquid)andHVO(hydrogenated vegetable wable secondgenerationbio-fuels,suchasBTL(Bio- Iveco isalsosupportingthedevelopmentofrene- the needforanyenginemodification. fossil origindieseloiluptoaportionof5%without with mixed be can which bio-Diesel, the as well as biogas andthetraditionalfossilorigingaseousfuels, The vehiclesbuiltbyIvecoare abletousingboththe Renewable fuels than 10,000Iveconaturalgasvehicles. today in circulation on the roads intheworldmore ting from 2009,alsoEurocargo. Intotal,there are areas: a wide variety of buses, Daily, Stralis, and, star are destinedinparticularto theapplicationinurban gas. Itsmodelrangeincludesvehiclemodelswhich commercial vehiclesfuelled withcompressed natural Iveco isbyfartheEuropean leader inthesectorof Natural gasVehicles mer, whichconstitute thegrowth strategyofIveco: and oftheeconomicadvantagesforfinalcusto- from thepointofviewsustainablemobility These are themostinnovativetechnologysolutions, exhibition pavillon. and anIrisbusCitelisintheopenspaceoutsideof fair: a Stralis CNG and a Daily Citis CNG, in the stand, proven bythevehicleswhichwere onshowatthe of thecommercial road transport.Thispositionis satisfaction oftheeconomicalandecologicalneeds particular istodaythesolutionwhichallowsbest As fortheIvecostrategy, thenaturalgasenginein technology innovationsofIveco. get ofsustainablemobilityare alsothebasisof The increasing attentiontoenvironment andthetar- friendly solutionsalready availableonthemarket. the mostenvironment public show to and to hicles, te tothediffusion oftheculture ofNaturalgasforve- commitment tothe sustainable mobility, tocontribu- red toactas“goldsponsor”oftheevent,prove its Iveco wasthere aspartoftheFiatGroup, whichoffe- at LingottoFiere. Torino,in 2008 September in held was which rence Gas NaturaleeIdrogeno, theworldfairandconfe- 5 sion ofCO money savingiscloseto50%). Letalonetheemis- driving anLPGcar(inthecaseof thesmallFiat, money isitpossibletosave,onthe longhaul,when The performanceofFiat500showed howmuch fuelling systems. fuelsLPGandCNGcomponents andfuel ternative Renzo istheworldleaderofsectoral- event dedicatedtotheautomotivesector. Landi at the20theditionofAutomechanika,abiennial HereRenzo S.p.A. was present Landi a stand with in ReggioEmilia,thearrivalpointwasFrankfurt. environmental advantages.Thestartingpointwas special testwhichhasshowngreat economicand Landirenzo OmegasPlussystem,ventured upona Fiat 500“flower”Landirenzo, fuelledwithanLPG across trip three countries.Onmonday15Septemberlast,a hours 10 kilometres, 850 than More 0 and

eM reGGio , traV 2 of 134 g/km from the car's exhaust exhaust car's the from g/km 134 of ilia - ellinG on

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stomerizzati conpartnershipestudidedicati. vole, Tubi ed accessori.OMBrealizza prodotti cu- Manuali edElettriche,Valvole diCarica,Elettroval- e CNGsiarticolainMultivalvole,Valvole Bombola GPL impianti per produzione nostra La 16949. TS ISO/ automotive settore del tecnica specifica della parando perlacertificazionerispettoairequisiti tale certificatoISO14001esistaattualmentepre- qualità certificatoISO9001,consistemaambien- controllo. L'aziendaopera consistemagestione la corretta esecuzionedelle attivitàproduttive edi mentazione edellerisorsenecessariepergarantire fabbricazione diseriedisponendotuttaladocu- la iniziare di l'obiettivo con APQP metodologia la IDRO CNG, GPL, autotrazione valvole di lizzazione OMB SaleriS.p.a.leadernellaprogettazione erea- n more than4,600exhibitorsand160,000visitors. rence pointforthewholesector, wasattendedby of CO fects ofthepollutingemissions,inparticularthose the proposed solutionstolimitthedetrimentalef- attention totheproblem ofglobalwarmingandto particular a devoted has year last the which 2008, This initiativeisfullyinlinewithAutomechanika it (http://www.landi.it/fiat-500-gpl/index.html). which wasaccessiblefrom thewebsitewww.landi. real timeonlinethrough asmalldedicatedwebsite, specialised presshasbeendescribedin journalist, The wholetripofthecar, whichwasdrivenbya

e ccellenza deiP 2 . TheeventheldinGermany, afocalrefe- ro dotti vo prodotto, applica e disviluppounnuo- Ogni fasedicreazione per l’ecoalimentazione. tecnologia esicurezza il continuosviluppodi ti eserviziattraverso l’eccellenza diprodot- al finediraggiungere da sempreGENO opera oMb s aleri -

neW factory for ProdUction of biGas international aUtoGas systeMs

The Bigas International Autogas Systems produc- and for the constant improvement of its products. tion system has reached a higher production po- Its long history and a great credibility acquired on tential level, after the inauguration of the new fac- the international markets make Bigas International tory in Calenzano ( Fi ), Via di le Prata 62/66. Autogas Systems a reliable protagonist of the new It is a 4.000 m2 covered surface building in which global energy scenarios. all the production processes will be carried out: re- By working every day with dedication for the sake search and development, as well as design, produc- of welfare and environment safeguard, Bigas Inter- tion and quality check. A highly specialised internal national Autogas Systems combines money saving GV comPaNIEs workshop managed by one of the firm owner, will and energy saving. offer an additional service: the installation of the We want to manufacture innovative products, to Bigas system for the final customer. This allows Bi- make the best possible use of alternative energy gas to get to know to the best possible extent all sources and low environmental impact energy the problems connected to the installation of the sources. This is the new challenge that Bigas Inter- systems, and to ideally solve all possible inconve- national Autogas Systems has to face! niences. This will build up an endowment of ex- An high emphasis will be given to the new gas pres-

NEWs fRom N fRom NEWs perience which also results in a further immediate sure regulator for CNG-hudrogen mixtures, which improvement of the production process. The long will be the real war-horse of Bigas International Au- 76 lasting philosophy of Bigas is to go for a constant togas Systems in the near future. The prediction of increase of the perfection in the technology for its the progressive extinction of the traditional energy products. And this, while keeping loyal to the choi- sources led Bigas International Autogas Systems to ce of the Made in Italy. Our firm has been certified look ahead to find innovative solutions. Hydrogen to UNI EN ISO 9001:2000 by Tuv Sud – Italia. This is is the great hope for a future scenario characterised confirming the commitment to the constant impro- by zero emission vehicles, free from classic fuels; a vement of the quality in all the processes. clean energy which is renewable. Ever since 1968, when the firm started its activity, During the inauguration the new web site has been Bigas International Autogas Systems kept this com- introduced to the public (www.Bigas.it). It will be mitment; perfect synthesis of Italian excellence in implemented in some few months to offer full and the field of mechanics. direct assistance to all installers who are already, or Bigas International Autogas Systems is a reference who want to become important partners of Bigas point for the reliability of its technology, for the so- International Autogas lutions offered to car owners all around the world,

The new factory of Bigas International Autogas Systems italian ManUfactUrers of coMPonents for tHe nGV MarKet

We carry on also on this issue with the publication of the directory of operators which are active in the NGV market in Italy. After publishing on the former issue of the directory of the CNG conversion, instalment and maintenance workshop, which attended the specialisation training courses patronised by CUNA, we publish now the updated directory of the Italian manufacturers of components for the NGV market. In the mean time we ask all readers to point out to us any possible incomplete or wrong information by calling at the editor’s office at (02 56810171), by fax (02 56810131) or mail ([email protected]). Thanks in advance to all readers.

cylinder periodic systems and compo- Dsf Tecnologia Via Ruffini 3 inspection appliances nents for vehicle conver- 20030 Paderno Dugnano MI usEful PaGEs sion Tel. +39 02 91080209 77 Eco soluzioni Fax +39 02 91080397 Via del Palagio 17/N Autogas Italia [email protected]; 52026 Pian di Sco’ AR Via Dalla Costa, 2 www.dsftecnologia.com Tel +39 055 960874 41100 Modena MO Fax +39 055 9631563 Tel. +39 059 250174 E-Gas [email protected]; Fax +39 059 253571 Via Del Lavoro 4 www.progettoecosoluzioni.it [email protected]; 45100 Rovigo RO www.autogasitalia.it Tel. +39 0425 475145 6 Interscambio Fax +39 0425 934476 Via U. Foscolo 18 Autronic [email protected]; 35131 Padova PD Via dei Barrocciai, 20/22 I www.e-gasweb.com Tel. +39 049 8774173 41012 Carpi MO Fax +39 049 8787406 Tel. +39 059 645483 Emmegas [email protected]; Fax +39 059 6220231 Via Falcone 5 www.interscambio.com [email protected]; 42020 Barco RE www.autronic.it Tel. +39 0522 246500 cylinders Fax +39 0522 246502 Bedini [email protected]; www.emmegas.net Faber Via Olanda 100 Via dell’Industria 23 41100 Modena MO Imega 33043 Cividale del Friuli UD Tel. +39.059.312.030 Via Senese Aretina 155 Tel. +39 0432 706711 Fax +39.059.311.437 52037 San Sepolcro AR Fax +39 0432 700 332 [email protected]; Tel. +39 0575 720734 www.faber-italy.com www.bedinigas.com Fax +39 0575 721894 [email protected]; www.imega.it Ofira Italiana Bigas Via N. Tartaglia 5/7 Via A. De Gasperi, 31 Landi Renzo 25064 Gussago – BS 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Via Nobel 2 Tel. +39 030 24194.1 Tel. +39 55 4211275 40025 Cavriago RE Fax +39 030 24194.201 Fax +39 55 4215977 Tel. +39 0522 943311 www.ofira.it [email protected]; www.bigas.it Fax +39 0522 943457 [email protected]; www.landi.it TenarisDalmine Centauro Via Levate 2 Via Euclide Lo.Gas 24044 Dalmine BG 20041 Agrate Brianza MI Via dell’Edilizia, 70/b Tel. +39 035 5603021 Tel. +39 039 6898062 36100 Vicenza VI Fax +39 035 5601111 Fax +39 039 6058297 Tel. +39 0444 563901 [email protected]; [email protected]; Fax +39 0444 564189 www.tenaris.com www.centauro-srl.com [email protected]; www.lo -gas.com 78 usEful PaGEs N [email protected]; www.baccarelli.it Fax +390755004530 Tel +39075 5003911 06125 PantalladiTodi PG 175 Tiberina Via PHT PowerHiTec [email protected]; www.omvlgas.it Fax +390429779068 Tel. +390429764111 PD 35020 Pernumia Rivelta20 Via Omvl www.omb-saleri.it [email protected]; Fax +390303732872 Tel. +390303195801 25126 Brescia BS RoseDiSotto38/C Via Omb Saleri info.brc.it; www.brc.it Fax +390172488237 Tel +39017248681 12062 CherascoCN Regione Oltre Tanaro, 6/B MTM BRC www.metatron.it [email protected]; Fax +390514171990 Tel. +390514171911 40129 BolognaBO deiLapidari3 Via Metatron [email protected]; www.meplas.com Fax +390331620422 Tel. +390331677037 21052 BustoArsizioVA Bellingera3 Via Meplas [email protected]; www.matrix.to.it Fax +390125615377 Tel. +390125615442 10015 Ivrea TO C.So Vercelli 330 Matrix www.mgmotorgas.it Fax +390815127717 Tel. +390815129104 80030 CimitileNA PietroVia Nenni,7/C M.G. MotorGas www.lovatogas.com [email protected]; Fax +390444501540 Tel. +390444218911 VI 36100 Vicenza Officina LovatoStradaCasale,175 Lovato V

ITalIaN maNuf ac TuRERs www.autronic.it [email protected]; Fax +390596220231 Tel. +39059 645483 41012 CarpiMO Platone2 Via Autronic www.aeb-srl.com [email protected]; Fax +390522941464 Tel. +390522941487 42025 CavriagoRE dell’Industria,20 Via AEB  www.zavoli.com [email protected]; Fax +390547646411 Tel +390547646409 47023 CesenaFC Pitagora400 Via Zavoli www.tumedei.it [email protected]; Fax +39051493306 Tel +39051492406 40139 BolognaBO delPerugino3 Via Tumedei www.tartariniauto.it [email protected]; Fax +390516322401 Tel. +390516322411 40013 Castelmaggiore BO Bonazzi,43 Via Tartarini www.romanoautogas.it [email protected], Fax +390818038360 Tel. +390818847218 80038 Pomiglianod’Arco NA Passariello,195 Via Romano www.rti-tec.it [email protected]; Fax +390295328611 Tel. +390295328610 20090 RodanoMillepiniMI AmbrosoliVia 2/A R.T.I. www.precisionfluid.it [email protected]; Fax +390289159271 Tel. +390289159270 20143 MilanoMI S.RitaDaCascia33 Via Precision FluidControls e

lectronic components components lectronic

Tel. +39017248681 12062 CherascoCN LaMorra1 Via Mtm www.idromeccanica.it [email protected]; Fax +39059253702 Tel. +39059251343 41100 ModenaMO Torazzi) S.Allende,81(Villaggio Via Idro Meccanica www.gie.it [email protected]; Fax +390719749205 Tel. +390719749336 62017 PortoRecanatiMC Scossicci51 Via G.I.&E www.fornovogas.it [email protected]; Fax +390522550112 Tel. +390522557675 42100 ReggioEmiliaRE P.M.Via Curie,14 Gas Fornovo www.ferraricabine.it [email protected]; Fax +390444410326 Tel. +390444410325 VI 36043 CamisanoVicentino Industriale27 Via Ferrari Giuseppe www.wayne.com [email protected]; Fax +390553906444 Tel. +390553039200 50127 Firenze FI GiovanniPiantanida12 Via Dresser Wayne Pignone www.cotrako.it [email protected]; Fax +39036385141 Tel +39036385077 24040 CalvenzanoBG Milano17 Via Cotrako www.ariacompressa.it/compair [email protected]; Fax +390396056458 Tel. +390396551429 20041 AgrateBrianzaMI ArchimedeVia 31 Compair Italia stations refuelling vate p  onents for publicandpri- onents for c

ompressors andcom- ompressors via Repubblica,11 Elettrogas Erogatori per Metano www.it.endress.com [email protected]; Fax +390292192.362 Tel. +3902 921921 SulNaviglioMI 20063 Cernusco DonatCattin,2A Via Endress+Hauser ItaliaDivFlowtec www.emersonprocess.it [email protected]; Fax +390362243655 Tel. +3903622285.1 20038 Seregno MI Montello,71/73 Via Emerson Process Management www.brevettinettuno.com [email protected]; Fax +39051795268 Tel. +39051790478 40064 OzzanoEmiliaBO Rinascita38 Via Bn Opw ancillaries  www.sicomcompressori.it [email protected]; Fax +390302510392 Tel. +390302510391 25060 CollebeatoBS Roma104/A Via Sicom www.samtechlpg.com [email protected]; Fax +390498629038 Tel. +390498629044 35020 AlbignasegoPD Mameli54 Via Samtech www.safe-ita.com [email protected]; Fax +39051822521 Tel. +390516878211 40017 SanGiovanniinPersicetoBO Biancolina4 Via Safe www.maserautomation.it [email protected]; Fax +39051793718 Tel. +390516946711 40024 CastelSanPietro Terme BO DegliArtigiani20/E Via Maser Automation [email protected]; www.brc.it Fax +390172488237 d

ispensers and ispensers

edicated ordual fuel) (dedicated f www.regasitalia.com [email protected]; Fax +390363816196 Tel. +390363815839 24043 BrignanoGerad’AddaBG Borgoratto5/7 Via REGAS www.fiorentini.com [email protected]; Fax +39026880457 Tel +390266801911 20124 MilanoMI Rossellini,1 Via Pietro Fiorentini www.cpl.it [email protected]; Fax +390535616300 Tel. +390535616111 41033 Concordia s/SMO Grandi39 Via CPL Concordia appliances  www.dh-hiross.com Fax +390499701911 Tel. +390499712.145 35020 Sant’angelodiPiovePD Strada ZonaIndustriale4 Parker Hiross  www.etraspa.it [email protected]; Fax +390464461666 Tel. +390464490015 38068 Rovereto TN BrenneroVia 25 Etra  www.krohne.it [email protected]; Fax +390243006666 Tel. +39024300661 20145 MilanoMI Monti75 Vincenzo Via Krohne Italia [email protected] Tel +3905252278fax2340 Taro43045 Fornovo PR or heavy duty vehicles or heavy dutyvehicles Gas odorisation Gas odorisation Gas dryers c

onversion workshops workshops onversion Tel. +390524 532111 43036 FidenzaPR ChiusaFerranda15/A Via Tecnogas [email protected] Fax +390818546206 Tel. +390818546306 80010 QuartoNA GiordanoVia Bruno39 So.Co.Gen www. global-commerce.it [email protected]; Fax +390719156769 Tel. +390719156082 60015 FalconaraMarittimaAN delConsorzio33 Via Global Commerce www.metano.net [email protected]; Fax +390823204684 Tel. +390823203121 81024 MaddaloniCE SantaFede2 Via Ecos www.carvim.it [email protected]; Fax +39080-5367573 Tel. +39080-5367570 70026 ModugnoBA Sp Bari-ModugnoContradaMaffiola CAR.V.IM. www.bernardininet.com [email protected]; Fax +390546626741 Tel. +390546626713 48018 FaenzaRA Galilei35 Via Bernardini Impianti www.alpengas.it [email protected]; Fax +390471325709 Tel. +390471301853 39100 BolzanoBZ KepleroVia 1 Alpengas stations refuelling a  www.ngvmotori.it [email protected]; Fax. +390522340232 Tel. +390522340131 42029 ReggioEmiliaRE Bacone13/4Loc.Masone Via NGV Motori nd maintenance of cng ofcng nd maintenance d esign, construction esign, construction

79 usEful PaGEs 80 usEful PaGEs Tel. +390302510391 25060 CollebeatoBS Roma,104/a Via Emer www.bulksrl.it [email protected]; Fax +390238305284 Tel. +390238305106 20021 BollateMI IVNovembreVia 45 Bulk connectors re  www.vanzettiengineering.com [email protected]; Fax +390172915822 Tel. +390172915811 12033 Moretta CN Avv.Via GiovanniAgnelli10 Vanzetti Engineering www. thecla-online.it [email protected]; Fax +390554554884 Tel. +390554564653 50127 Firenze FI Vle XIAgosto,100 Thecla www.gruppotecnogas.it [email protected]; Fax +39052481952 N V ceptacles and ceptacles c

ylinder valves, valves, ylinder ITalIaN maNuf ac TuRERs www.wehitalia.it [email protected]; Fax+390292105131 Tel +390292104933 20096 PioltelloMI Veronese,Via 3 WEH www.valtek.it [email protected]; Fax +390522599036 Tel. +390522599763;348515 42020 AlbineaRE via Salvod’Acquisto4/b Valtek www.swagelok.com/nordival [email protected]; Fax +390307722024 Tel. +390307722055 25030 ErbuscoBS Iseo6/A Via Nordival www.omal.it [email protected]; Fax +39030-8900423 Tel. +390308900145 Carcina25069 Villa BS SanLorenzoVia 70 OMAL www.emer.it [email protected]; Fax +390302510392 Italia