Building 13 - Justice Building & State Library MONTANA’S CAPITOL CAMPUS The 1982 Justice Building & Montana State Library (Mazurek Building) represents the AN ARCHITECTURAL WALKING TOUR last of the buildings in the district called out for construction in the 1972 planning and long-range developmental documents. The Late Modern Period building, designed by Page-Werner & Partners of Great Falls, Montana, the Justice Building is a good example of the Brutalist style, despite its brick (and not concrete) exterior. Of all of the buildings on the Capitol Campus, its heavy massing and exaggerated asymmetry best represent the propensity toward “shapemaking,” in Late .

Building 14 - State Rehabilitation Services Building The State Rehabilitation Services Building was built in 1976, and its design by Knight & Company of Great Falls, Montana reflects the increasingly varied aesthetics of Late Modern architecture. The building’s link to New Formalism, a style that draws on classical standards of symmetry and proportion, is evident in its reception by the Helena Independent Record. As the building neared completion in September of 1976, the paper commended its design, reporting, “The clean lines and white-chipped-rock façade ...add a classic piece of beauty to the Capitol Complex.”

Building 15 - Governor’s Mansion / Executive Residence Completed in 1959, the Governor’s Mansion (Executive Residence) was designed in the Contemporary Modern style by Chandler C. Cohagen. An example of the gable-roofed subtype influenced by the Craftsman and Prairie Styles, the Executive Residence’s character-defining features include an emphasis on geometric forms, a lack of traditional detailing, overhanging eaves with exposed rafter beams, rich natural materials (wood, stone and brick) for wall cladding, metal awning- type windows and fixed plate-glass windows of irregular shapes fitted into gable ends. Montana Capitol, 1902, Designed by Bell and Kent Building #10 - Montana Highway Department Building The Highway Building is made up of two distinct sections: the original (1936) Montana Highway Department Building (now the Agriculture-Livestock Building) and its 1958 addition (the Scott Hart Building). The original building was designed by Great Falls, Montana architect, George Shanley. Its Stripped Classical style and smooth concrete construction reflect the influence of New Deal Era public architecture (often referred to PWA Moderne). The addition, on the other hand, is a wonderful example of Modern architecture. Designed by Bordeleau, Pannell & Amundson, also of Great Falls, it features balanced asymmetry and curtain wall construction.

Building # 11 - Fish & Game Department Building The Fish & Game Department Building is a two-story, wood-frame structure designed in the Postmodern style by the Helena, Montana architectural firm, Campeau & Crennen. With its window wall entrance and asymmetrical façade, the building obviously dates from the Modern era, but its stucco-covered exterior walls and false vigas are clearly alluding to the traditional pueblo architecture of the southwest. Completed in 1976, the building is one of several associated with the state’s 1972 long range building plan.

Building #12 - Montana Teachers’ Retirement System Building The 1970 Montana Teachers’ Retirement System Building represents a transition from Midcentury Modern to the Late Modern period. Designed by Campeau & Crennen, its transitional aspects are best seen in its fenestration treatments and asymmetrical elevations. While window ribbons were a common trait of Modern architecture, on this building they are treated not as horizontal bands of glass, but as small openings punctured in a solid wall. The building’s unbalanced aesthetic is due to the presence of several projecting and recessed planes, especially the heavy box-shaped eaves that protect the building’s fenestrated sections. These traits are more typically associated with Brutalism than Mid-century Modern architecture. As such, while the Teachers Retirement System Building was clearly designed in the Modern style, it also pointed to future stylistic developments on the Capitol Campus in the next decade. Building #7 - State Laboratory Building / W. F. Cogswell Building The M-shaped Cogswell Building consists of the original V-shaped building and a rectangular wing added to the back (south) elevation. Designed in the Stripped Classical style by Vincent H. Walsh, the original reinforced concrete building features smooth concrete walls with a stucco finish. Its design complements the Highway Commission Building (Building #10) and the State Office Building (Building #8. Completed in November of 1955, the State Laboratory Building (now the W. F. Cogswell Building) originally housed the Highway Department’s Testing Division and the Board of Health’s Divisions of Bacteriology, Health Education, Public Health Nursing and Disease Control. The 1981 Addition was designed by Davidson & Kuhr in the Modern style.

Building #8 - State Office Building / Sam W. Mitchell Building The Mitchell Building (originally the State Office Building) was designed in the Stripped Classical style by Vincent H. Walsh. Completed in 1950, Walsh designed the building to compliment the Montana Highway Department Building (Building #10) with smooth concrete walls and the restrained ornamentation of the Stripped Classical style. The floor plan accommodated a wide variety of tenants, reflecting the continued growth of Montana’s state government. The large addition was completed in 1977. Designed by Crossman, Whitney & Griffin of Helena, this structure comes closest to quintessential “unadorned box” of Modern architecture on the Capitol Campus.

Building #9 - Montana Veterans & Pioneers Memorial Building Designed by Angus McIver, the Montana Veterans and Pioneers Memorial Building opened to the public in January of 1953. Home to the Montana Historical Society, the building stands as a beautifully executed example of the International style. Well-lit by ribbon windows, the three- story north wing contains offices and the Research Center, and the unfenestrated, one-story south wing houses the museum. While the building’s modern design contrasts significantly with the Neoclassical Capitol, its cladding material—a grey-colored Indiana limestone—allows it to harmonize with its neighbors. Building #1 - Montana State Capitol The Montana State Capitol was designed in the Building #4 - Livestock Building Neoclassical Revival style by Charles E. Bell & John H. Kent. Its neoclassical aesthetic has roots in the Completed in 1918, the Livestock Building “” movement of the late 19 th was designed by Link & Haire in a century. The Capitol’s symmetry, its monumental restrained revivalist style that combines proportions, and its smooth surfaces are indicative elements of Neoclassical Revival and of the style. Symmetrical east and west wings were Italian Renaissance Revival. added to the Capitol in 1909-1912. Designed by Ornamentation on the Livestock Building New York architect, Frank M. Andrews, with local includes granite window sills, granite and assistance from the Montana firm Link & Haire, the Portland cement paneling, a granite Neoclassical Revival style wings complement the stringcourse immediately above the original building. Both the original building and the foundation and decorative brickwork. wings are constructed with native Montana Classical details include a dentilled cornice, materials: a warm-grey sandstone from the balanced fenestration, and arched windows. The pedimented entry is also a Columbus area covers the former, while a cooler hallmark of the style. grey granite from a Jefferson County quarry was used for the latter. The Capitol’s dome is covered in copper mined from Butte, Montana. Building #5 - Board of Health Building Like the Livestock Building (Building #4), Building #2 - Boiler Plant the Board of Health Building was designed Constructed in 1968, this building replaced by Link & Haire in a restrained revivalist the original Capitol Boiler plant constructed style that combines elements of the Italian in 1901. Designed by Morrison-Maierle Renaissance Revival and Neoclassical and Associates, the current building Revival. Its features include decorative displays a sleek modern design meant to brickwork and cornice, a fanlight, and complement the Capitol. Its concrete block symmetrical fenestration. Completed in exterior walls feature horizontal scoring 1920, the three-story building originally meant to resemble the Capitol’s foundation housed laboratories and offices. walls. The east side of the building constitutes a 1998 addition. Building #6 - Unemployment Compensation Commission Building / Walt Sullivan Building Building #3 - Legislative Restaurant/Capitol Annex Completed in 1961, the Unemployment Compensation Located on the east side of the Capitol Commission Building is an excellent example of mid- Grounds, the 1910 Capitol Annex was twentieth century curtain wall construction and retains a designed by Link & Haire in the high degree of architectural integrity, as the building Neoclassical Revival style. Evenly-spaced, easily conveys its original design. Its construction carved wood brackets under the represents a new generation of building forms in the overhanging roof evoke dentils, while brick Modern style, using innovative materials and corbelling between windows bays on the technology while reflecting the architectural themes side elevations creates the illusion of common to commercial buildings of the time. The 1974 column capitals. The symmetrical west addition, which provides the distinctive L-shape to the façade is particularly noteworthy in this building, nicely melds nuances associated with the regard. It features a heavy, gable-shaped original mass while clearly displaying architecture that wood entrance canopy supported by brick distinguishes itself. pilasters with capitals designed to create a simplified entablature with a denticulated cornice. When combined, the pilasters and gable canopy create a pedimented entrance on the façade.