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Neoselachians and Chimaeriformes (Chondrichthyes) from the Latest Cretaceousepaleogene of Sierra Baguales, Southernmost Chile

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Neoselachians and Chimaeriformes (Chondrichthyes) from the Latest Cretaceousepaleogene of Sierra Baguales, Southernmost Chile Journal of South American Earth Sciences 48 (2013) 13e30 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of South American Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jsames Neoselachians and Chimaeriformes (Chondrichthyes) from the latest CretaceousePaleogene of Sierra Baguales, southernmost Chile. Chronostratigraphic, paleobiogeographic and paleoenvironmental implications Rodrigo A. Otero a,*, José Luis Oyarzún b, Sergio Soto-Acuña a,c, Roberto E. Yury-Yáñez d, Nestor M. Gutierrez e, Jacobus P. Le Roux e, Teresa Torres f, Francisco Hervé g a Red Paleontológica U-Chile, Laboratorio de Ontogenia y Filogenia, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile b Miraflores 863, Puerto Natales, Chile c Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Casilla 787, Santiago, Chile d Laboratorio de Zoología de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile e Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile/Centro de Excelencia en Geotermia de los Andes, Plaza Ercilla 803, Santiago, Chile f Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago, Chile g Escuela de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Andres Bello, Sazié 2350, Santiago, Chile article info abstract Article history: This paper discusses a well-represented fossil record of cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) from Received 18 February 2013 southern South America. The recovered samples allow the recognition of three assemblages with Accepted 31 July 2013 chronostratigraphic and paleogeographic value: i) typical Maastrichtian sharks and rays with affinities to eastern Pacific fauna, including the taxa Ischyrhiza chilensis, Serratolamna serrata, Centrophoroides sp. Keywords: associated to Carcharias sp., and Dasyatidae indet.; ii) a scarce reworked assemblage of PaleoceneeEarly Chondrichthyes Eocene age including the taxa Otodus obliquus and Megascyliorhinus cooperi; iii) a rich assemblage with Weddellian Province reworked taxa of Early to Middle Eocene age, together with autochthonous deposited Middle to Late Vertebrate Paleontology fi Magallanes Basin Eocene taxa with close af nities to paleoichthyofaunas recovered from the North Atlantic, represented by ‘ ’ MaastrichtianeLate Eocene Carcharias hopei , Odontaspis winkleri, Carcharoides catticus, Macrorhizodus praecursor, Carcharocles auriculatus, Striatolamia sp., Striatolamia macrota, Hexanchus agassizi, Notorhynchus sp., Myliobatis sp., Abdounia sp., Pristiophorus sp., Squatina sp., cf. Rhizoprionodon sp., Ischyodus sp., and one new species, Jaekelotodus bagualensis sp. nov. The studied samples include for the first time taxa with well established chronostratigraphic resolutions as well as taphonomic information that help clarifying the age of the fossil-bearing units. In addition, they provide relevant information about the evolution of the Magallanes (¼Austral) Basin from the Upper Cretaceous to the Paleogene, suggesting a probable connection with the Quiriquina Basin of south-central Chile during the latest Cretaceous. Finally, the studied assemblages indicate a latitudinal pattern of distribution that provides valuable data on the environmental evolution and temperature of southern South America during the Paleogene. Ó 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction The Weddellian Biogeographic Province (WBP) as defined by Zinsmeister (1979) is a vast region that extends from northern * Corresponding author. Antarctica to New Zealand, Australia, and southern South America, E-mail addresses: [email protected] (R.A. Otero), [email protected] including a common distribution of marine faunas with ecological (J.L. Oyarzún), [email protected] (S. Soto-Acuña), [email protected] fi (R.E. Yury-Yáñez), [email protected] (N.M. Gutierrez), [email protected] af nities, temporally ranging from the Upper Cretaceous until the (J.P. Le Roux), [email protected] (T. Torres), [email protected] (F. Hervé). Late Eocene. Cartilaginous fishes within the WBP include several 0895-9811/$ e see front matter Ó 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2013.07.013 14 R.A. Otero et al. / Journal of South American Earth Sciences 48 (2013) 13e30 Upper Cretaceous sharks and chimaeroid fishes from Antarctica left shore of the river, in the beginning of the way, crossing the (Cione and Medina, 1987; Grande and Eastman, 1986; Richter and bridge over the Baguales River that leads to the Las Flores shelter” Ward, 1990; Kriwet et al., 2006; Martin and Crame, 2006; Otero (Cecioni, in Hoffstetter et al., 1957: p. 309). This author indicated et al., 2013; Stahl and Chatterjee, 1999, 2003). Cartilaginous fishes that the Río Baguales Formation overlies the Cancha Carrera For- are also well represented in the Maastrichtian of central Chile mation, while in turn, the latter unit is conformably overlain by the (Philippi, 1887; Suárez et al., 2003; Suárez and Cappetta, 2004; continental Las Flores Formation (Cecioni, 1957), which is equiva- Suárez and Otero, 2009), the Maastrichtian of Argentina (Arratia lent to the Río Leona Formation exposed in Argentina (sensu and Cione, 1996; Bogan and Agnolin, 2010), and to date, are rep- Malumián and Caramés, 1997). The ambiguous original type lo- resented only by endemic Chimaeriformes in the Campaniane cality of the Río Baguales Formation indicated by Cecioni (1957), Danian of New Zealand (Consoli, 2006). The Paleogene record of was subsequently refined by Hoffstetter et al. (1957) who provided cartilaginous fishes in the WBP includes scarce finds from Paleo- geographic coordinates (S50570;W72220), showing that these cene beds of New Zealand (Consoli, 2008; Mannering and Hiller, outcrops are placed about 25 km east-southeast of the locality 2005), while richer assemblages are known from the Eocene of studied in this paper. In the latter area, the Río Baguales Formation Antarctica (Welton and Zinsmeister, 1980; Ward and Grande, 1991; was tentatively assigned to the Late Oligocene (Chattian) based on Kriwet and Gazdzicki, 2003; Kriwet, 2005), and the Late Eocene of stratigraphic correlations (Le Roux et al., 2010). The absence of southernmost South America (Otero et al., 2012b). more precise geochronological data at the time and based on its The present paper discusses a rich diversity of cartilaginous tentative correlation with the Centinela/Río Turbio Formations in fishes from southwestern Patagonia, southernmost Chile. The Argentina, with which it has many invertebrates in common. identified taxa and their interpreted provenance indicate at least However, a subsequent SHRIMP date on detrital zircons from near three different chronostratigraphic ranges and paleobiogeographic the base of their measured section indicated a maximum age of affinities represented in the study area: i) Maastrichtian taxa with 40.48 Æ 0.37 Ma (Le Roux, 2012; Bostelmann et al., 2012), con- close affinities to previous southeast Pacific records, ii) scarce, firming at least a latest Lutetian to Bartonian age. The studied typical Tethyan Paleocene to Early Eocene taxa, iii) a rich, Middle to section could possibly be correlated with the Loreto Formation of Late Eocene diversity with affinities to North Atlantic contemporary the Brunswick Peninsula, which is lithostratigraphically and pale- assemblages. The PaleoceneeEarly Eocene assemblage shows clear oenvironmentally similar and has been dated with U/Pb detrital evidence of reworking, being hosted in younger beds of Middle to zircons at 36.48 Æ 0.47e36.73 Æ 0.5 Ma (Otero et al., 2012b). In Late Eocene age. On the other hand, the Upper Cretaceous assem- Argentina, the Río Baguales Formation may also partially correlate blage does not include any distinctive Cenozoic taxon (at least with the Río Turbio Formation (Feruglio, 1938) and especially with based in the recovered material), suggesting that the reworking the Man Aike Formation (Furque and Camacho, 1972). The latter is affected exclusively Paleogene levels. Additionally, there is an coincident in lithology with the most of the outcrops here referred absence of taxa typical of the Oligocene and the overlying beds are to the Río Baguales Formation and was dated as late Middle Eocene comprised of continental facies indicating a marine regression after based on its marine micropaleontological content (Malumián, the Eocene. The paleobiographic, paleoenvironmental and chro- 1990; Malumián and Náñez, 2011; Concheyro, 1991; Camacho nostratigraphic significance of this record is discussed here. et al., 2000), and fossil invertebrates and 87Sr/86Sr dating (Casadío et al., 2009), although Pérez Panera (2013) suggested an Early to 2. Locality and geologic setting Middle Eocene age for the subsurface deposits of this formation. The section exposed in Chile includes taxa which are typically Sierra Baguales (S50480S; W72310) is located more than Paleocene and Early Eocene, but most of these vertebrate remains 1900 km south of Santiago, and about 40 km northeast of the Torres are fragmentary, without a single find of articulated portions. They del Paine National Park (Fig. 1). Access is very difficult and becomes are always scattered and the recovered fragments show a relatively impossible during the cold season (MayeOctober) due the extreme good size selection, which strongly suggests that they were weather conditions. The section studied in Sierra Baguales
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