Daintree Buy Back and Protect Forever Project Helping to Save the Endangered Southern Cassowary Prepared by: Erryn Stephens Fundraising Manager Rainforest Rescue Ph: +61 2 6684 4360 Email: [email protected] 18 November 2011 Rainforest Rescue is a not‐for‐profit organisation that has been protecting and restoring rainforests in Australia and internationally since 1998 by providing opportunities for individuals and businesses to Protect Rainforests Forever. Our projects re‐establish rainforests through planting, maintenance and restoration programs, as well as purchasing and protecting high conservation value rainforest and preserving its biodiversity. Our mission is to inspire, engage and build community for the protection, preservation and restoration of rainforests through fundraising and education. Rainforest Rescue is an Australian registered not‐for‐profit organisation with deductible gift recipient status (US 501 (c) 3 equivalent status). PO Box 40, Mullumbimby NSW Australia 2482. ABN: 61 086 885 154 Phone: +61 2 6684 4360 or 1300 763 611 Email: [email protected] Website: www.rainforestrescue.org.au rainforestrescue.org.au Introduction Through our Daintree Buy Back and Protect Forever Project, Rainforest Rescue identifies and purchases precious rainforest at risk of development and establishes Nature Refuge status which protects it forever under covenants ratified by the Queensland Parliament in Australia. The Daintree Rainforest is of international conservation importance as one of the most significant regional ecosystems in the world. Rainforest Rescue prioritises the purchase and protection of the most important properties – those that protect threatened species – and creates wildlife corridors for wildlife where none exist. This often involves purchasing properties adjacent to the Daintree National Park or State Reserves effectively extending their boundaries. Many people assumed the creation of the Daintree National Park and subsequent World Heritage Listing in 1988 would secure the unique environment of the Daintree. At the same time, the State Government of the day approved a large rural residential subdivision in the heart of the Daintree Lowland Rainforest. The developer divided the larger properties into smaller lots and sold them as freehold properties. Some purchasers intend to one day build on the property or may have secured property as a future investment. A Threat to Global Diversity The Daintree Rainforest is the world’s oldest rainforest having been in existence continuously for over 135 million years. Located in Far North Queensland Australia, the Daintree Rainforest has has one of the greatest concentrations of primitive flowering plants in the world. The forest is home to 12 of the world’s 19 primitive plant families, said to be more than the entire Amazon jungle. The Idiospermum, which is found in the Daintree Rainforest, is one of the rarest and most primitive The rare Idiospermum is one of the most private plants known to scientists flowering plants known and scientists believe, is a vital link for the search into the origins of flowering plants. Over 100 threatened species rely on the Daintree Rainforest for survival, which is critical habitat for the Endangered Cassowary, the primitive Musky Rat‐Kangaroo, the rare Bennett’s Tree Kangaroo, the Endangered The rare Bennett’s Tree‐Kangaroo is only Spotted‐tailed Quoll, and the Endangered Blue Tassel Fern. found in the rainforests of Far North Only 1,000 Southern Cassowaries remain in all of Australia and now face Queensland Australia the threat of extinction through rural residential and commercial development in the Daintree Lowlands Rainforest. The rare Bennett’s Tree‐Kangaroo is in need of a continuous tree canopy for survival and only lives in the rainforests of Far North Queensland. This nocturnal marsupial is rarely seen and is found on our seventh and eighth Daintree properties. It is estimated that only 1,000 Southern Cassowaries remain in the wild in Australia rainforestrescue.org.au Page | 3 Conservation Value of the Daintree The area known as the Daintree is a narrow, 23km strip of tropical coastal lowland rainforest between the mountains of the Great Dividing Range, the Daintree River Estuary and Cape Tribulation in Far North Queensland Australia. It is located two hour’s drive north of the city of Cairns. In many parts of this narrow strip the hilly slopes of the Great Dividing Range fall quite steeply into the Coral Sea leaving only about 70 square kilometres of lowland including mangroves. Approximately half of the rainforest in these lowlands has been cleared and much of the rainforest that remains has been selectively logged. The remaining rainforest is of very limited extent and, as explained below, very precious. Widely acknowledged by scientists as the oldest tropical rainforest in the world (over 135 million years old) the Daintree Lowland Rainforest is of exceptionally high biodiversity and conservation value. The Daintree Rainforest contains an almost complete record of the evolution of plant life on Earth, and has more ancient families of flowing plants than anywhere else in the world, including the entire Amazon jungle. The Daintree Rainforest is home to an amazing variety of plants and animals including many rare and endangered species. Many species The Daintree Lowlands Rainforest contains over are ‘endemic’ to the region meaning that are found nowhere else on 122 rare and threatened plant and animal the planet. species As the Daintree Rainforest is the oldest rainforest in the world it has exceptionally high levels of endemism. At least 66 animal species and more than 700 plant species are only found in the Daintree Rainforest. The Daintree Rainforest is also home to: 30% of Australia’s marsupial species 20% of Australia’s reptile species 29% of Australia’s frog species 58% of Australia’s Bat & Butterfly species 65% of Australia’s Fern species Among the Daintree Lowland’s huge diversity of plant and animals are at least 122 endangered, vulnerable or rare species, many of which are endemic to the Daintree Lowlands. Endangered plant species include the Blue Tassel Fern, Russell River Lime and Copper’s Creek Walnut. Endangered animal species include the rare Bennett’s Tree‐kangaroo, the Spotted‐Tail Quoll and the Southern Cassowary. rainforestrescue.org.au Page | 4 Summary of Endangered, Vulnerable, Rare and presumed Extinct Plants and Animals found in the Daintree Lowlands Area (Status allocated by the Nature Conservation Act 1992) Presumed Endangered Vulnerable Regionally Total E, V, Category Rare (R) Extinct* (E) (V) Significant R Ferns 0 4 2 4 Unknown 10 Flowering 3 10 11 58 Unknown 79 Mammals 0 3 2 3 8 8 Birds 0 2 3 4 9 9 Reptiles 0 0 1 4 5 5 Frogs 0 7 0 3 10 10 Fish 0 0 0 0 0 0 Butterflies 0 0 1 0 1 1 Total: 3* 26 20 76 33+ 122 Data on plants is extracted from a checklist of Daintree Lowland Plants compiled and provided by Bob Jago, well‐known local authority on plants of the Wet Tropics. Data extracted and sorted by Rainforest Rescue. Lowlands is taken in this instance (for plants at least) as less than 100m above sea level. Threats to the Daintree Lowlands Rainforest The Wet Tropics Management Authority has identified a number of direct and indirect threats to the biodiversity and conservation values of the Daintree Lowlands Rainforest. These include: Rural residential development: Clearing of the rainforest for residential development remains the greatest threat to the Daintree Lowlands Rainforest leading to fragmentation, displacement of wildlife and susceptibility to invasive weeds all which threaten the biodiversity values which makes the Daintree Rainforest so unique. Fragmentation: Habitat fragmentation casued by rural residential development and clearing for farming makes it difficult for plants and Clearing of the rainforest remains the number one threat to the Daintree animals to move from one rainforest patch to another. It can also limit breeding populations and make species more vulnerable to extinction, particularly in small, isolated pockets. Climate Change: Climate change is becoming a major concern to the biodiversity of the Daintree Rainforest. Global warming could decrease the habitat of many endemic vertebrate species which live in the cooler upland and montane rainforests, leaving only isolated pockets of Fragmented pockets of rainforest rainforest for them to live in. It is predicted that seven frog species, five habitat patchwork the landscape mammal species, three bird species and three skink species would lose over half their present habitat with only a 1ºC temperature increase. Weeds: Clearing of rainforest habitat for residential development has lead to an alarming increase in the number of known weed species in the Daintree Lowlands Rainforest, with over 500 species identified over the past 50 years. Weeds disrupt ecosystems, compete with and Lantana is a particularly invasive weed replace native plants, reduce food and shelter for native species, commonly sighted in the Daintree change fire regimes and create soil erosion. Lowlands Rainforest Feral animals: Feral animals impact on the values of the Daintree Rainforest through predation on native species, competition for food and habitat, degradation of habitat, soil erosion, disease and weed transmission, and changes in fire regimes. rainforestrescue.org.au Page | 5 Development of the Daintree A Brief History Visitors to the Daintree Rainforest are often surprised to find that area of the Daintree Lowlands have been cleared for rural housing developed and farming. In 1983 the Douglas Shire Council pushed ahead with a controversial plan to construct a permanent 4WD road from Cairns to Cooktown which was supported by the Bjelke‐Peterson State Government. The publicity generated by the 1983‐84 community blockade provided a turning point in the campaign to protect Queensland’s tropical rainforests. In 1988, the Hawke Federal Government listed the Wet Tropics Rainforests as a World Heritage Area. Due to its constitutional powers relating to international agreements, the Federal Government was able to overrule the Queensland State Government.