R gmi Research (Private) Ltd. ISSN: 0034-348X
Regmi Research series Year 20 9 No • 1 0
Kathm2ndu� October 1988
,t;6.ited By Mah�sh c. Regmi
Contents
1. Five Documer..ts on B·::lkot 136
138
3. A Birta Grant to PrimG Minister Bhim Shumshere in 11..hasyauli 140
4. .AJ..lowances For R,..na Frinc,-.;. ss 5. Al.lowancef, to �['roops on the western Front - 141 6. rviiscellaneous Documents of samv2.t 1867 142_ 7. Irrigation in JY12hottari 146 8. Punishment of a Slave in �hading 147 9. Eleph&nt Depots 147 1 O. copper l•iin·:os in Kalleri9 Dhading 147 11. The Gurung caste 148 12. Construction of Sc:,nghus 148 *+:*****-!( *** Regmi ReSc8rch (Private) Ltd. LPzimpat 9 k.athmandu9 Nepal Telephone: 4-11927 (For pr ivate study and research only; not maant for public sale, distribution and display). 136 Five Documents of Belkot (:Miscellaneous ro yal orc.ers concerning the Belkot area of Nuwakot district). 1. Jhara services 2. Forest conservation 3. Land grant to priest 4. Hulak services 5. conscription. 1. Jhara services (Poush sudi 1, 1849/Dacember 1792) Royal or6er to the A.malidar of Belkot, Jiling, and Thansi ng: "tou are hereby ordered to impress Jhara labor from all inhabitants in the areas undGr your jurisdiction for th3 construction of a military camp ( tharpuJ at l)evighat. We have deputed a Di ttha for the purpose. Construct the carrrp qU.ickly according to the same design as before as ordered by him. " RRC, Vol. 25, p. 225 This ord.er was sent to the Amalida.i... s of the following t�:.� also: Kolputar, Jhiltung, Devighat, Dhading, Rupeng, h2dar.pu:::. Jhiling, Budhesing-.b�si, Taruka, Budhasing and Phir.,rnp. RR�, Vol. 26, �p. 225-26. 2. Forest Conservation ( Jestha Badi 1854/M.ay 1797). Royal ord0r to the Amelidar of Bolkot: "Th8 Betyani forest in Belkot had baen conserved from former timas. '1ve ha v e now received roports that cane and trees are being cut there. we hereby proc&laim that any one who cuts timber in that forest will have his hand cut off&. Announce thi.s to every one there, and conserve the Betyani forest properly." RRC, Vol. 25, p. 372. 3. Land Grant to Priest Royal oru.er to .Majo&r Raghunath Chhatkuli and o-thdr 0mplo;y-.;vS deputed to survey :t'ice-fielcls in Bclkot: ;'The priest of that IJla&a had been assign.;d 30 muris of rice-fields to provid.:; rice and other materials required fer religious ceremonies during the Dashain festival.. 1'hese rice-fields had been reconfirrud in favor of the priest during previous surveys also. we have now received reports that you ar� demanding that the priest pay rents on those rice-fields. Do not do so, and let the lands remain in his possession.&" Magh Sudi 3, 1868/January 1812 RRC, Vol. 9, p. 460. 137 4. Hulak Servi cas On S unday� Chai tra Badi 8, 187 1 (March 1815' a hulak DD3",: :for the trans&portation of official mail betw9en Ra th� ax j the western t0rri tories was opene d at Thamkhole in Dh2.d.ing. The following households of the Be.lkot-Salyan area were enrolled as hul2kis and allotted rice-fields as follows� Hulaki Ric e-fields ( in muris) 1. Basuduv T iwari 80 2. Chandra Tiw&ri 110 3. Kantu Tiwari 93 4. Prithvidhar Tiwari 100 5. Gajadhar Tiwari 80 6. Lax.mi NarayEn Bania 70 7 . Surya Katuwal 90 '& 8. Biru Pande 90 9. Srib.arsha Ti wari 90 10. Kan tu 1.andyal 80 11 • Lilya Roka 70 12. lVIaheshwar Itani 90 13. Mane Bhatta (replacing. (Laxmidhar Bhatta) 90 14. Srikrishna Bhatta 90 15. Vishnuhari Pande 80 16. Ramak311ta Gajuryal 90 17. Balakrishna Bhattarai- 90 18. Nahsshwar Bh2ttarai - 90 19. Shiva Kandyal 90 20. Shivanath P&dhya 90 . 21. Jayanarayan Kharyal - 90 22. Jayamangal Padhya 90 23. Harikrishna Padhya 90 1 38 24. Padmanab&h Padhya (replacing Sire Kharyal) go 25. Baijnnath Padhya 92 26. Jagat Silwal go 27. Jay_akrishna Silwal 80 28. Sri 1.riShna Silwal 90 29. Hridayaram Pande 90 30. .Bali B agalya 90 RRC, Vol. 39, PP. 140-1 ,. 5. conscription Tuesday, Bhadra SU.di 9, 1872/ Aue;ust 1815) Belkot was one of th8 several areas in the hill regior:. around Kathmandu Valley where the Junali and other inhabitan1;s were ordered to proceed to Makwanpur by early Rartik and join bhardars there on Jhara basis. The royal order added: :,Those who carry weapons should bri ng along with them shie lc:s 9 swords 9 and bows and srrows, while others shall bring spades and axes. Ever yone shall also bring food needed by him for six months. We shall grnnt rewards, honors, and money no thos� who work well. Any one who does not obey this order will be severely punished.&" RRC. Vol. 42, pp. 62-63. ******* The Tarl:@.ghyang �onastery The guthi lanes of tlB Tarkeghyang monastery at .Helambu in EaSt No. 1 district was rGgistered at the Guthi Lagat Janch .Adda in Kathmandu on Marga 22, 1986 (December 7, 1929) on the hasis of the following evidence: (1) copper plate inscription issued by Ring Jaya Jagat Malla on Chaitra Badi 1 , 843 (Nepal Samvat). (2) do. in the name of Wima Lama on Chai tra 8, 847 (Nepal samvat). (3) Royal order of Baisakh Sudi 13, 1890. ( 4) statements recorded from Paldesi Le.ma of the Tarke ghyE..u.1.g monastery on Ashadh 10, 197.1 and Aswin 23, 1982. 1 39 ( 5) Judgement of the D ewani A d alat ruling that the Euthi bel.or...gs to t he Raj guth i category. ( 6) KhRdganishana orde r of ASwin 22, 1982. ·r he p roperty of th0 monas t·.:;ry 9 held in the name of fl 1.lg'::rjG B hote , was as fo llows : ( 1) . 2 82 muris o:: rice-fialds , yielding an income of 120 muris of paddy , and 2 muris and 5 pathis of wheat . (2) 32 households on pakho land s9 paying rents amoun ting t q 9 muris and 12 pathis of paddy and 4 muris and 12 pathis of whe at. On this quantity, 7 muris and 11 pathis of paddy was used for the fo llowing purposest5 : purpose Ou. anti ty 1 • Religious ceremo nies on :Magh Sudi 8 1 muris and 10 pathis 2. Cbhijyu-PUja on :Magh Sudi 9- 10 9 muris 3. do. Falgun Sudi 1 4-15 7 muris. and 13 pat his . :4 . do • Che.itra Sudi 14- l,5 8 mu ris 5. d o . Baisakh Sudi 9- 10 6 muris and 10 pathis 6 . Jes tha Bad i 1 4 · 10 pathis 7 . wors hip of Gorakhnath from Shrawan 3- 13 1 8 muris and . 6 pathis 8. do. Bhadra Ba.di 14 ' 10 pathis 9. do. Aswin Sudi 7-9 5 muris 10. Chhijyu-Pu_j a on. Aswin Sudi 9-10 8 muris 11• Kartik SUdi 14 9 path is 12 . Worship of Surya on :Marga Sudi 15 2 muris and 16 pathis · 13. :Marga B a d i 14 7 muris and 4 pathis Total 75 mu ris ·and 11 pa this of pad d y . Emoluments (khangi) of pries t (Pu.jari ) - 12 muri::;t. 1 40 surp lus 42 muris and 1 ·Pathi of pad&dy at the rate of 7 pathis nnd 4 menas a ru&p0e 6 muris and 7 pa.this of wha at at the rate of 4 pathis, a rupe&e Rs 34. 25 3 Total Rs 38 146 . 4 A sum of Rs 52. 47¼ was spent on p rocuring nvcessary materials from the marko t 9 in cluding Rs 20. 7¼ for burning :r lamp at � he Ghynng evoryd ay. This left a ne t surplus of Rs 93.&9°i• The Ghy ang com pri&sed a single building. RRC, Vol. 14, pp . 624-27 . ******* A Birta Gran t to Frime Min ister Bhim Shums here In Khasyauli On Shra wan 30, 1988 ( approx. Aug�l st 13, 1931) , a royal order was issued gra nting a tract of 5, 905 bighas of for0st ad joining Khasyauli on the ro ad to Nau tanwa in the Pal hi cd&vision of Butwal dis tri ct to th e Prime Mini ster, Bh im Shums her e J .B. R-=na&, �ls sarb akara-Alcara- sarb anga-Maf i Birta. The or der also co ntai ns the following provisions : ( 1) The land s are inheritable. They mRy also be sold, bo q111.oathed, or o therwioo alienated wit hout any re � t r:.. cti01 (2) The bi rtaow�er may cut timberf ro m th e forest&, s ell or export it , and appropria te the income whene ver h0 likes. The .statutory ob ligati on to tr ansmitha lf of such in come to the go vernmen t has b een waived . ( 3 ) Th e birtaowne r may bring the lands under cu lti vetion and appropriate th e income. ( 4 ) No taxes s hall be col lected on t hese bi rta lands , includ ing the gadimubarakh, goddhuw a, and chumawan 18 vi es. RRC, V ol. 28 , _ pp . 409- 10 • ******* 1 41 Allowances for Rana Princesses somgc1rbhadivyeshwari , presumably a daughter of Prima J\Uniste::' Bhi.m Shumshere (I� ovember 1929 to Septe mber 1932)h, was S 9.nctiorn:;a. an allowance of 6 , 000 rupees a year from the E.au si Toshnki:1c::na Treasury, according to a royal order (lal-mo ha.r)h, o f AS he.dh 31h, 1 987 ) ( Jul y 1 5 , 1 9 30) • In her pe tition , Somgarbhadivyeshwari had mentioned the following facts � ( 1) Two dsughters of Prime M::_ni ster Jung Bahadurh, married to t he Raj as of Bhajhc:ng and Jaj arkot, had been assigne d lands in B sj hang,. yie ld ing an income of Rs 1 849. 29 a year 8 8 ch. ( 2) Two daughters of Prime Minister Bir Shumshere , namely s Ind.radivyeshwari and Dhiradi vyeshwari , had each been sanctioned a yearly allowance of 4,500 rupees from the Kaus i Toshakhana Treasury. (3) Maharani k.hagarejadivyeshwari of Bajhang , a d&ughter of Prill£ J\iinister Chandra shumshere , had been sanctione d a ye arly allowance of 6,000 rupees from the Kaus i Tosakhana Treasury. RRC , Vol . 28 , pp. 399-400 � -!(·-!.***** AJ..lowances to Tro ops on the wes tern Front On Sunday , Jes tha Badi 9 , 1867h, Kaji Amar Simha 'rhapa was ordered to pay allowances to troops at the following rates: 1 • Co r,1panias from the region 0ast of the Bheri river 4 rupees 2. doh. Bh6ri-Mahakali region 3 rupees 3 . do. huITLaun 2 rupees 4 . doh. Garhwal 1 rupees In the case of companios for which sources o·f revenue had not already been allotted for the payment of _ such allowancesh, Raj i A.mar Simha Thapa wp.s ordered to a pp ropriate revenues from the Mudahih, P ichhahi, and othar taxes collected from the newly-acquired territory of Besahar. RRC , Volh. 39 1 pph. 201-2 .. ******* 142 Mis cellane ous Do cuments of Samvc:t 1867 1 • Appoint m.J nt of LF•l Sh8hi as Su bb a of Hcnd oor. 2. Fr1:::t,;;dom fol' 1.h--c: wc:s slf- ves. 3 . settl8md n� in the 1.cJil�le-Ti sta Re gion. 4. Jhara Sx.amption for �hiva Pro.s ad Company. 5 . Ban on Ho rse De alers Visit ing Ke thmandu. 6. Slrve ry in -+;he Bh\.:;ri-Jamune Regio n. 7. Pnrti tio n of PhGG2P. 8. Inere as e in Pro c ,1rem0 nt Pric e of Copp:rr. 9. Construction of Hous e fo r 1.aji Bhimse n Thapa. 10 . A Fahir ane. L2r1d Gr . nt in J.',i orang. 1. L-:il Shchi Appoint ed Subb a of Hcndoor Lal Sh�hi wns appointGC Su oba oi Handoo r 9 replacing Ki rti Rana&� wit h an a.ri..nuc.l khangi of Rs 2000 . The Meibux Company of p·yutho n r.m d the ne w compc;;ny formed in HLndo or wure pl2.ced un der his command . He w as orderv d to assign lAnd s to the p0rsonne l of thosa companies in consul tction wi th KRj i .Am.bar Sirnhn Thap a . Sunday, Ma0h ..;iuQi 3, 1867 R,J gmi ReS(,rrch Collec tio 1. , Vol. 38, p . 717 . 2 . Freodom fo r Kh2was Sl aves Vrihasp,.,ti Khan , ·Ji t Simha Dhundai , Be.l2karam&9 D� ture.m Jahari , :tv1 ogh8.l Rhcn9 c�nd h.haa.u Khcn we re kh R.wE.s or sleva s of thd �en King o f Vij Aynpur . \', h---n Vij cyFpur was conq_uered by the Gorkh,·· lis, they were freed by the LhL:' f MinistE.r , D-awen Buadhik arna. M:Rrg::- sudi 4, 1867 (.i'1ov.:mber 1810 ) , RRC , Vol. 38,p p . 667-68. 3. Settlom�nt in the Kemal a-Tista Region Ro y al ord0.t to W8 j hr n Chr.udhe-ri of l\Jirat tar F. a.no. Horii Ch['ud hori of Jh2. pa : r " We hE'V0 as s igne d revenue fro m h. lab nnj o r lands 9 including duti-.;So n exports rmd imports (ChHlhti, n· mt i ), colle ct::.d at mark8ts C52nj 9 goJ.c.) in t::. re� s su ttled by Jaga t Pf'ndi t an d Yekunda in the re gion si t uFt ed b..;twec.:n tho 1_:,Jn2.la &nd Trista ('ri"'ta) rivers 143 '- as jcgir to thci Stiv8. Pr a::,F1d Comp2.1 .. y. Su b,J d8r J 0 yr-. nt a bhe .ri hc>s now r. port e&d thet you ere: cr"'c--cing disputes nbout this -ssignmo nt . Yem 2 re, th.:::r fore&, ordc. r�a to ra gister revenues from ara 2s �� ottled by you to th.. comp£ny .::md lt.t it mPk,? collectio ns accor di!lgly . Re fund any amount th!C\t you mny alr:;;ndy have colle ct 8&d and app rop ria t� d. "We have also r,9 c 0,ivc, d reports t he.t you aema nd sair duties rnd Kas char:i.1 taxas from pecpl.a who hove cora-3 to se ttle in our t,ff rit ories fro m th� Logl21-. o such duti-- s an d t2.,,0;s sh: 11 be collectad from such s� ttl&rs&. If the territo�y is rui� 1d through yo•r oppression cnci L.j i ustie;0, you shc:11 be he ld guilty. Do ne t 1.::ncro 2ch upon tho j, gi1· le nd s of the co mJany .&11 �artik Sufi 11 9 1867 RRC&9 Vo l . 38 , p p . 61 6-67 . II On the srnne day (w C:n0scay, k.c1.rt ik Sudi 11&, 1867 ) s Chrmdhe.ris&, Jvianders , and r2i yat s o f nc� wly set tldd Kt lcoan,iar lands in the K ··m 81£-Tis ta El.J' �,_. wo re iDformed thc't th€ r.svenues mentiona d above h d been assign�_ ct as j.etsir to the St1ive. Prasad Company. ·rhe o rder added&, 11Pracure Se tt lers from the :rvfoglan mid reclE: im P. nd .3,� ttlP- th.a tar�ltory, pay tnxGs :_._t the ratus pre scrib0&d through royLl orde rs ov&ry y._&f r through the Su b1,dE r of the company. Aft-::r the t.J1Ti tory is r� clc1imed "no. sattlud, r eport the mptt er to us through the subc:u2 r and we shrill al lot n -nkar le nds to the Chaudhc.ris according to tll.:':ir performance&. ERC&9 Vol . 3S- , pp&. 61 5-1 6. III Royal oro· r to the Subbas ;:Jna SUbedars of Mora.n g dis-cri ct : "\�e h�W-; ra c..: ivc d complaints thrt you disput .J the bound nries of the mouja of Kat ahc ri , which has beJn 8$Signed to the Shiva Pr asad Com ppny , nnd r Gmr�d p r,VE8 nt of sair dut ies. That territory, and t hG Cou�p any, lie ou tsido the j uris'a. iction of the Sub ba . Do not c..erna nd pr yme nt of .§_&£ut d i&S end ot hi➔r r.avenues from t her e . In case you h2.ve �lreedy m ae any co llactio r.s, r-c:fund the amount to Su bedc.r Jpyante Khatri . "Wo have '.JlSo or dered S ubedar Jayanta Khat ri to r,3 claim Kalabanjq_� land s in th�t district and nssign them to the ShivD Pr ns ad Comp c:.ny. W8 p.c:1ve give n him mone y fo r the supply of bhota cr�dit for the purpose. We h ave received compl8int&s th0t you ar e cr seting di sputes in the sc:tlement of Kalabqnj9_£ lands in this n:c1nner. i)e h·'V...: a�sienc. d to the Shiva Pr as�d Company m.11 1 £nds r..;claimod b y the SU bbe. Procure sattLJrS from the Mogl en for s-:·ttlament on J{::- l[1 b2n.j ar lcnds 9 not from th_ose on .m.tl o r je.gir lands. Any pc .rs on who r&settles on KE?lab f'..n.iar lands p0ople occu pying mal or the j"gir 1�nds of the compa�y 1d ll oe re-quire d to comp�nsnte---rFi� lo� e of revunue . 1 44 "Ob +nin r" ce ipts from Suo,., der Jayc:nta KhPtri fo r amountns r-::cnovere d a_gainst �ho t 2. cr0 di t supplied by him. Do not dl'rr1end r0 :fundme nt o f such amounts • " s,•ri d2"y , Fal gun �1,.di 6, 1867 . RRC , Vo l . 38 , p p . 741-42 . 4 . Jh1: r2. ExE:::1r.ption for- f.Jhi vc:- Pr2sad compr-i.ny Royal o r1.. t::r to the officers and me n of the Shiva Pres!id Company . --� s ta tio nu d in Sikkim: ;1 1· e he reby g·r2nt you examption fnm Jh�,r� oblig2tionsn. :i ith full B.Ssur2.nce , remain on duty at th,:i post 2l lo tted to you . Y1ur homesta2 ds hav� been granted oxernptio n from Jhara . 11 Fri day , Falgu.n Sudi 6, 1867n. RRC , Voln. 38 , p . 7 41 • 5 . Bar. on Hors.; :::.i,al0rs Visiting Kathmandu Royal orctor to Subb& b F }r; b he.nj nn P2n6e : "Horse a.' c.',lers .Pr1;:; coming ha re wit hout r. dvr;n ce i nforrnn'"' ti o11 . I n tha future , - sto p them at Alau-Gadhi . lf you. do no t do s o, you wi·ll b'"' held e:,u.ilty • .l:!isti::blish che ckposts on bot h rou tes rnd stop th�m fro:n ccning he re with ho rses . "We h2.d o r6.enc:d you Lo n. cquire 1.E>ldnr as harfi coins ·chrough axchEmge and sena tham h0 rG , but the co ins hc.. ve not y8t :r2E>ched u sn. r \,' itnhhold :paym.J nts to thc•nse who h ve ro ceiv"' d ai �� burSGr.i.ldnt o rdersn? p rocure Kr lC-:i.r �erfi cotns , 8.Dd nd se them here soon.n" Wedne sdayn, rvu gh Sudi 129 1867n. HRC 9 Vol . 38,p . 729 . 6. Slavery in the Hh8ri-Ja�un e Regio n ° Royal 01' L.8 ·' to Chaut· ras , K8.j is, Sardars , Subbos� Subod[:rS 9 Jo.mddarsn, Huu.c.a s 9 s ola io rsn, and othc1r .Arnalidqrs in th.:: region between the Bheri and Jc.mu.na rive r[� : "Hand ove� to 1.s ji bahrdur Bhandari and Bob s hi D2shareth Khatri a ny ryo t of that r,; gio n w�1om you mpy be holding as slave . In c r se you do not .do s o, you _ shrll be sev3 re;ly pu.nishc: d .n" Po ush Badi 9 9 1867 Vol . RRCn9 389P • 688. 7 . Partitio n of Phe dap Royal order to Jegaj it Rai of Phedap in Ch2inpur: "A dispute had arisen between Manj it Rai and you regarding jurisdiction over Phedap . Th8 case was re ferre d to the Adal~ t, and the Di tth.n.n, B icharisn, and Panc has rul8d that the terri tory snhould be divided equally be tween you . Tha territory of Phe dap was accordingly pnrtitioned , with ore part be longing to Manj it Rai and the other part to you . Ksep your :relatives and kinsmen satisfied 1 45 and pay the assessed amount of revenue equally , through the Amal i o f C ha inpur . Occupy lands within the p res cribed boundaries that have been c.llot ted to ypu , and remain l oyal to us. .Any person who doos no t co mply with these 8rrange �ents ShLll be punished in p0rson and property o" Tnursd ay , Po ush Badi 5, 1867. RRC, Vol. 38 , pP. 68 9-90 . 8. Increase in Pr ocurement Price of copper ( Ij arad ar) Jabar repo rted to Kathrnandu through :Laj .i .Amar SimhR Th2pc::: ( of Pclpa) thet mineworkers mid trade rs were dissatisfifi d .. because th e pr ice at which copper was suppli2d to the Mint at Bnglung Ch nur was the same ·that prevailed ot the mines. : A r o yal order was accordingly issued fixing the procurement price of copper at the Baglu ng° Chaur :Mint at 1 anna more than the pri ce prevailing at the mines. Thursd ay , Poush Badi 10, 18 67. RRC , Vol. 38 , p. 695. 9 o Cons tru ction of House for 1.aji B himsen The.£a Royal ordor to Di ttha L axminarayan , sub edar Danwar Khewas , and Sub edar Jayadrath: 11R.aj i Bhimser:i Thapa has expr essed his desire to bu il d a hou se. You ru'e 9 the1efore&9 ordered to arrange for necessary building mRta.rials su ch as bri cks , roofing tiles , timber , and firewood , es well ns lumbermen ( bosi), qarpenters and masons ( 1.armi )&, e.nd brickmak ers ( aw a.le)&. Thursday&, Magh Sudi 7, 18 67. RRC , Vol . 38 , p . 725 . 10. A Fakirene. Grnnt in Morp..n g Royal ord.::. r to Ke..r8m Sheh Fakir: "We had granted&· the follow ing k.alabanj er Mau jas in Morang distri ct as _Fak:Lrrui a to your p re ce&ptor, Hu b.Li Shah: 1. Gobindpur in the Parganna of Har&ichand-Gadh i • 2. Chhageigate in t he Parganna of Di huwagad i. 3. Kum3.rpur in the Parganna of Panesali (Gachh holding o f Dhntar Mand ar). "Some of these moujas w ere subsequently assigned 8S j .:=gir to th e company. In exch ange � the followi ng m ouj e.s a re hereby re confirruea to you as Fakirana. 1 46 1. Gob indpu.r in the Par ganna of Harichand�Gadhi. 2 . Che t2 in do , other than culti -vated ere as. "From Bais nkh B2di 1 , 1867 9 we , her eby grfmt all sources df revenue in these k�lnbenj nr. mou j::is as fakirana to you, inc::J._u::. :t.'.r'7 of land t axes ( mal ) , tc,xes. on households belonging to o ccupo t --i_oi: :· J. cas tes (Katiyarrf:-taxes on marr iages (bihadani), communf.'l wats::c� sources and forests (.se.gaudha )· fi nes and po n,<,:.ltie_s for fornicat :_o n . ( singar-hat ) and other crime s ( @n ahagari)&, esche Rts (�e.outn:;_i ) commer cial duties (SfdI�) , and aqu atic ( jalkar) and forest&. (bankur ) products , with the exception of cro wn levies ( R?jn-Ank a) and buried tro 2sure C.kalyn m=i.dhan) . "With full c.ssur2nce , reclaim and settle these mouj !"tS , pp propric:,tE: the incom2 therefrom9 and remain loy al to us . ;r Thursday , MRgh Sudi 7, 1 867. RRC, Vol. 38 , pp. 725-26. **** Irrigation in Ivlahottari Roy al order to the Chaudharis, Kanugoyos, birtaw ars, jagirc.u.JTS , thi ked ars , mokaddarns , gumas tas , �_th-r&aiyats , and raiyats oc cupying :mal , jagir , .!££.:ta...2. nankar&, bokh- bunyad, and phikdar lands in the Pargannas of 1'iahottari, Koradi , and I<... h esraha , and the tappa of B ahadur a., in IVI ahottari dis trict � "You are hereby ordered to use your shar e of watGr from dams and irrigation channels in e ach mouja as appor tioned by the .A.i� il of the Jaleshw ar K achaheri. No one shall resort to forc0 while using such w ater . BVeryone shall comply with this order ( bande,j )&, Anyon 0 who does not do so, and , in ste ad, r esorts to force , s hall be sa verely pun ish8 d. " Wednesday , Bhadr a Badi 30, 1884 ( Augus&t 1827) Re gmi Resear •h Collection, Vol. 43, pp . 243-44. **** 1 47 Punishment o f A Slave in Dhading Royal order to the Amal i of Dhadi ng : " You have reporte d that a Sl ave at Kafalchh ap in Dhadi ng ·lias committed fornication with an unmarried Ma gar gi rl and confe.'3 S.ed the crime in the presence of prominent loc al people ( bl:nla ma nis )&. we he reby order that the person who is guilty of su ch an act shall ·be ·rele ased after gouging out hi s eyes and cutting off his nose, ears , and g enitals. " Je st ha SUdi 6, 1862 RRC. Vol. 23, p. 54. **** Elephant Depots · Until the Vikrama Ye ar 1866 (A.D. 1809 ) a tota l of 40 elephants were ma intaine d at Hatt isars in Nepal and the Ta rai r e gion. The bre akdown was 1 O in Nepal and 30 in the T arai. In the Vikram Ye ar 1867, the numbe r of animals was increased to 5 1 with the addi tion . of 4 el8pha nts , 3 tuskQ.rs, 2 rhinQcoros , and 2 camel s • . A total of 35 4 men were employ0d to look af te r these animals , with an 21.nnuo.l salary bill of Rs 11, 42 0. Lands . and o--thor: sou rces- of re venue, with the exception of r aj anka, k�x,_an �,.u , and darshan- bhet, were assigned as jagi r against ttiis amoun 1.n 4 pargannas of Bara district , namely .Asibhou, Kodraha, sa rlahi, and Brahmapuri. Dars han-bhet ra venue coll ected from the 354 employe&es amounted to Rs 720, including Rs 582 fr-0m .too Tarai and Rs 1 38 f rom Nepal c Marga Badi 3, 1867 RR C, Vol . 38, pp � 62 6-29. **** copper Mines in Knlleri, Dh2ding • The Ralle ri area of Dh ading had been assigned as Khuwa to Jamadar B h .imakarna Bista of the Sho.trubho.njnn Company . A · copper deposit w as discovered there, and on Fr iday, Aswin B ad i 4 , 1875, tw o N.ewars, namely 9 Jiunarsingh and Indra, were granted a one-year ij ara effective .A.swin Badi 1, 1875 to opera te the mine . Thoy were re qu ired to supply 151 dharnis of copper to the Kathmandu ivrunitions Factory.. The y were per mitted to appropriate income frorr. h omcstoo.d taxe�i', fines - and penal t ies , etc . in th e area under their jurisdiction , and also to employ the loco.l peoplo · on n c ompulsory :.cmo unpaid basis . Howeve r, · amounts in - excess of 100 rupees colle cte d at a ti me from firies and penalt ies, and eschea ts, w.�.�e payable to the governme nt. Aswin Badi 4, 1875 RRC , Vol. 42 , p. 363. **** 148 The Gu rung caste The foll ow ing amendmet:!'.lt to Setction 15 of the Law on Marriage ( Eihabariko) in the 1Vluluki A.in was promulgated on Monday , Ashadh _ 139 1 984 ( appro x . June 26, 1927): . ... · "Thro ughout the dominions of Gorkha , t here is only one Guru.ng name and cas te ( jat ) all memwrs o f which c an take cooked rice from each other , even if alliances are made with girls , or widowst. arn case , there fore,any Gurung claims to be of a higher cas t0 status than others , or o s tracizes another Gu rung in respe ct to cooke d ricet, he shall be punished with fines ac cording to thG law relating to marr iage expens,j s . "If any cas e is filod rerttaining to _t he Gurung cas to , action s hall be taken as in respe ct to co.stos entitled. to a minimum amoun c of 40 rupees as marriage exper�est, o th,� r t han s a cred-thread-woarin _;; castes ." (sour ce : Original printed copy of amendment in the possesstion of the Edi tor) . The origin8i text of this law , as publishe d in the . 191 8 adition of the JVIuluki Ain , containod the las t claus e as follows : "• ••• act ion s hall be taken as in the case o f cas tes which cannot be enslaved . 1 1 11 ( Governmant of Nepal , ''Bihabariko ( On l"Iarriaget) , Muluki ii.in, Kat hmandu : Pashupat Chhapakhana , 1975 ( A. D . 1918) pt. 5 p . 27 ) . **** co nstru ct ion of Sanghu.s: 1 . Rabila.s On Magh SUdi 9, 1859 ( January 1803 ) , the Amalidar of K abilas ( in Nuwakot) was orde red to consttru ct a sanghu on the Likhu rive r through the jho.ra labor of the local peoplet. RRC , Vol . 20, p . 8. 2. Simras I On Falgun Badi 10, 1 859 ( February 1 803) , the headman and other pe ople of Simras , Jafe , Malu , Bhirkot, Phalku , Dhu.m , Katakuti , and Phasku were ordered to send the l ocai inhab itants on j hara basis to constru ct an iron Sanghu at Simras-Besi under the Command of Indra S_ imha Kh.:..dka , Jab ar Khadka , Kirtiram Khadka , and Ganj a Simha Thapa. The order added , "Damaged iron chains ( S angln) s hall be repaired throu gh the j hara labor of the local kamist. The Sanghu shall be completed with in a montht, becau s e the track cannot be ke pt cl osed.t" RRC. Vot. 20. p. 2 0. I' I I ,,, 149 I I ,rhe local mine rs we&re ordere d to supply iron to Indra Simha Khadk a and others at current prices for the construction of th&e s�nghu at Simras-B esi. The y were forbidden to s ell the ir �ron elsewhe re until the Sanghu was completed. Falgun Badi 10, 1 85 9 RRC, Vol . 20; p. 21. III Royai order to Indra Simha Khadka, Jabar Khadka, K ir tiram Khadka, and Gunj o. Simha Thapa: "We have received r&epor ts that the iron Sanghu at Simras-B esi has been damaged , so that the track is closed. You are , ther efore , ordered·- to ;re pai r the sanghu within a month through the j hara labor of the inhabitants of seventhums . We shall grant you appr opr iate posit ions dur ing the next&. Pajan i in accordance with your performance." Falgun Badi 1 0 1 1 859 RRC, Vol&. 20, p. 21. 3. Timber for Sanghus and Boats On Chaitra SUdi ; 1860, th e A.mal idars , Thmros , Jotho.bu&dho.s , and Bicharis of 1.hurkot, Tatarkot , Baf i, Gnyad i, Limi&, and BO.rhlewa were ordered: "From former times, the DUrlung forest-has been conserved for the supp ly of timbe r for the cons truction of Sanghus and boats . we ha ve ac cordingly prohib ited the cut ting of Sal, Sallo, �, Semal and Champ timber, as well as f irewo od and fodder, from that forest&. Any one who ac ts in contraventio n of this order shall be severely punishe d. 1 1 RRC , Vol . 20, p . 43. 4. Che;>e end Daraund i River§, I On Baisakh Bad i 11, 186 0, the .Amal id ar , Dware, and Jethqbudha of Bandipur were ord ere d to supply 81 loads of c ane for the construction of a Jholanga over the Daraun di ri ver in Gorkhn&. RRC, Vo. 20 , p. 41 . II On AS hadh SUdi 10 r 1864 , the Amalidar, Birta owne rs , Dwere , and Umra of Rag inas were ordered : "The s�wn!! on th e Chopc river has been washed aw ay by floods. You are&, therefore , ordered to impress j ho.ru labor from the inab ita nts of areas under your jurisdict ion and constru ct a du rable jholanga on the ri ve r. RRC, Vol . 20, p . 425. 1 5 0 III On AShadh B adi 1 o, 1864 , the .Amalid arsn, Dw ares , Umrasn, etc. of the region west of the Chepe and Mars yangdi rivers and east of the Gandi river were ordered to sendn. the local people on .i hara bAs is to constru ct SfiAghus on the Chepe and De,r&Undi rivers whiob bad been we.shed away by fl oods. Sardar Bhairav Simha had been given charg(� 01· tne project • • RRC, Vol.20, p. 425. IV On AShadh SUdi 10, 1864, a royal order was issued for the supply of care on jhara basis from all inhabitants of Tanahu for the construction of Jholangas at Bo rlang-Ghat , as well as on the Chcpe and Mars yangdi rivers. They were ordered to deliver the. cane a1; Gorkha-Besi be fore the 10th d ay of Shrawan. House holds who ·had sent me n to ka·ngra, as well as kagati-Hulaki house holds , were granted exemption from this obligation. V Royal order to Chau�is and Jagat posts at Bo rlang-Ghat: "A new sanghu. has been co nstruncted there in the name of .. (Ring Rdl B ahadur Shah)n. Do not le t elephantsn, horsesn, buffaloesn, and village cows pass through that Sanghun. However, cows of excellent breo.d ( aPU,rbi ? ) may be .::.llowed to pass through. I f any one forcibly take s his ele phantsn, etc. through the sanghun, report the matter to us. 11 J8Stha Badi 11, 1 864 , RRC, Vol . 20, p. 352. ( To Be conti me d) **************.**