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Home , Addas, Batiniyya, Heterodoxy, Ibn Arabi, Ijtihad, Kalam

Institute of – McGill University

Rula J. Abisaab Fall 2012 W. F. 2:35-3:55 Arts Bldg., Rm. 150 Office Hrs: W.F. 1:35-2:30 e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]

ISLA 511

The Islamic Civilization-Medieval Period, 945-1500 Course Description The course examines the development of medieval Islamic civilization and its diverse, local enactments in Arabia, Mesopotamia, Persia, the Fertile Crescent/, , Central Asia, India, North Africa and . Emphasis is laid on the social, political and intellectual history of the Muslim peoples under the 'Abbasids (starting 945), through the Mongol invasions (1258) and during the rise of the Ottoman, Safavid and Timurid Empires. The course highlights the scientific and intellectual achievements of Muslim scholars and the development of Islamic institutions challenged by internal dissent, regional rebellion, and military invasion. The course underscores the formation of Islamic cultures in distinct geographical settings, the transformation of the and caliphal authority under new socio-economic conditions, and explores shifting notions of civil society, ‘’ and heterodoxy. It depicts the evolution of provincial dynasties and the promotion of distinct models of political leadership. The integration of Arab, Berber, Mongol, Persian, and Turkish dynasties into the context of a unified Islamic history represents a noteworthy historiographical problem: How can the major historical shifts of the medieval period and the co- of caliphate(s) and sultanate(s) be adequately conceptualized and understood? How do different original historical documents (tarikh, , rihla/safarnameh, nasihat-nameh, ...etc) of the period represent and articulate these shifts? In this respect, the course offers students the chance not only to study the trajectory of medieval Islamic history, but also to examine the way modern historians, particularly in the West, have theorized about Islamic states and societies, and to investigate the arguments which dominate the field today.

McGill University values academic integrity. Therefore all students must understand the meaning and consequences of cheating, plagiarism and other academic offences under the Code of Student Conduct and Disciplinary Procedures (see http://www.mcgill.ca/integrity for more ). L'université McGill attache une haute importance à l’honnêteté académique. Il incombe par conséquent à tous les étudiants de comprendre ce que l'on entend par tricherie, plagiat et autres infractions académiques, ainsi que les conséquences que peuvent avoir de telles actions, selon le Code de conduite de l'étudiant et des procédures disciplinaires (pour de plus amples renseignements, veuillez consulter le site http://www.mcgill.ca/integrity ).

In accord with McGill University’s Charter of Students’ Rights, students in this course have the right to submit in English or in French any written work that is to be graded.

This right applies to all written work that is to be graded, from one-word answers to dissertations.

Required Reading: Texts, Articles and Excerpts

A. Books (on reserve shelf, Islamic Studies Library) M.G.S. Hodgson, The Venture of , vol.2 Philip Hitti, History of the (Selected Chapters – On Reserve) Ira M. Lapidus, A History of Islamic Societies (Selected Chapters – On Reserve) Albert Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples (Selected Chapters – On Reserve)

B. Articles and Chapters (Coursepack/Online reading) Wael Hallaq, “The Formation of Legal Schools” Chapter 7 in The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law, pp. 150-177. (on-line) ______. “Was the Gate of Closed?” IJMES, 16 (1984), pp. 3-41. (on-line) Leila Ahmed, Women and Gender in Islam (New Haven, 1992), Chapters 5 and 6. Frank Griffel, “Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, ” http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/al-ghazali/ of Ibn 'Arabi, see the article by Claude Addas, The Ship of Stone. http://www.ibnarabisociety.org/articles/shipofstone.html

Farhad Daftari, “Hasan-i Sabbah and the Origins of the Nizari Isma’ili movement,“ in Medieval Isma’ili History and Thought, ed. F. Daftari (Cambridge, 1996).

M. Kerawala, “What is ?” pp. 1-3. http://www.iis.ac.uk/SiteAssets/pdf/What%20is%20Islamic%20Art- %20Minaz%20Kerawala.pdf Kroger & Najjar, “Figurative Decoration” in Museum with No Frontiers, Discover Islamic Art in the Mediterranean, pp. 51-58. Brend, chapter on: “The Legacy of Empires,” in Islamic Art pp. 20-45.

C. Primary Sources (Excerpts of the sources below be discussed in class. They are in package or placed on reserve at the Islamic Library)

. On Social Life and the Lower Classes Al-Jahiz, Kitab al-Bukhala’ . See also Charles Pellat, The Life and Works of al-Jahiz (Berkeley, 1969), pp. 14-15 on the epistle of Sahl b. Harun.

. On the Caliphate Abu al-Hasan ` al-Mawardi, Al- al-Sultaniyya wa-al-Wilaya al-Diniyya (Beirut, 1985). Also available in translation: The Ordinances of Government, trans. Wafaa Wahba (London, 1996), pp. 1-8.

. On Army Composition, Hostages, Slaves Nizam al-Mulk, Siyasat Nameh. Also available in translation The Book of Government, trans. Hubert Darke (London), pp. 102-108.

. On al- (Shi’ites, Isma’ilis, Nizaris) Ibn al-Qalanisi (1077-1160), Dhayl Tarikh Dimashq, pp. 351-355.

Ibn al-Athir (1160-1233), Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, vol. 9, (Beirut, 1995), pp. 250-1.

. On the Making of a Medieval Sultan: al-Din al-Ayyubi Baha’ al-Din ibn Shaddad, Al-Nawadir al-Sultaniyya wa-al-Mahasin al-Yusufiyya, trans. D.S. Richards, The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin (Aldershot, 2001), pp. 35-8; 42-3.

Ibn al-Athir (1160-1233), Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, vol. 10, (Beirut, 1995), pp. 16-17.

General Reference Works Encyclopaedia of Islam J. Sauvaget & C. Cahen, Introduction to the History of the Muslim East (an annotated bibliography) C.J. Adams, A Reader's Guide to the Great (2nd edition) R. Roolvink, Historical Atlas of the Muslim Peoples W. C. Brice, An Historical Atlas of Islam

Course Requirements and Evaluation Students are expected to attend class regularly, go thoroughly through the assigned readings, respond to basic questions, participate in the discussion of assigned materials, and inquire about central historical points.

There will be a midterm on Wednesday, October 18th and a final exam during the designated exam period in December. Exams will be comprehensive written exercises, each combining One essay question and 20 specific questions. A week before each exam students will receive a list of three essay questions, one of which will come in the exam.

By late November you should have a topic for a paper and you will start researching it in order to write it and submit it in the Winter Semester. The paper is around 15 pages long and deals with a well-defined area or theme in Medieval Islamic history. Students can focus on a socio- political/religious/intellectual development or a military event, a figure, or a distinct feature of a historical epoch. Your paper is due on Wednesday March 23rd, 2011.

Your final grade is based on the following division: Class attendance (15%) Active Participation (15%) 4 Map Quizzes (5% x 4) = (20%) Midterm (25%) Final Exam (25%) ------

In terms of style, use a consistent form of citation for notes and bibliography, preferably The Chicago Manual of Style. A simplified and concise sample for endnotes, footnotes and bibliography in historical writing is provided by Mary Lynn Rampolla’s, A Pocket Guide to Writing in History, 4th edn., St. Martin’s Press, 2004, 77-134. A copy of it is available at the Reserve Desk at the Islamic Library.

McGILL UNIVERSITY VALUES ACADEMIC INTEGRITY. THEREFORE ALL STUDENTS MUST UNDERSTAND THE MEANING AND CONSEQUENCES OF CHEATING, PLAGIARISM AND OTHER ACADEMIC OFFENCES UNDER THE CODE OF STUDENT CONDUCT AND DISCIPLINARY PROCEDURES (see www.mcgill.ca/integrity for more information).

L'université McGill attache une haute importance à l==honnêteté académique. Il incombe par conséquent à tous les étudiants de comprendre ce que l'on entend par tricherie, plagiat et autres infractions académiques, ainsi que les conséquences que peuvent avoir de telles actions, selon le Code de conduite de l'étudiant et des procédures disciplinaires (pour de plus amples renseignements, veuillez consulter le site www.mcgill.ca/integrity).

Week 1 Wednesday, Sep.5 Introduction to the Course

Friday, Sep.7 Geo-historical Overview Map of the Islamic empire in the Umayyad period On the (pilgrimage)

Week 2 Wednesday, Sep.12 Geo-historical Overview Film, “Islam, Empire of Faith” Part 1 Map of the Islamic empire in the Abbasid period (1) Map of the Islamic empire in the Abbasid period (2)

Friday, Sep.14 Caliphal Authority, Provincial States, Shi`ism and Sunnism: Venture, 3-32 For supplementary reading: Gaston Wiet, : Metropolis of the , Chapter 5: “The Golden Age of Arab and ”

Week 3 Wednesday, Sep. 19 Caliphal Authority, Provincial States, Shi’ism and Sunnism: Venture, 32-61

. Al-Mawardi, The Ordinances (Al-Ahkam al- Sultaniyya), pp. 1-8. Map Quiz 1

Friday, Sep. 21 Wael Hallaq, “The Formation of Legal Schools” in The Origins and Evolution, pp. 150-177.

Week 4 Wednesday, Sep. 26 Nomadization, Agrarian Economy, and Government; Pre-Modern Social Order; Urban Life, and the shari’a: Venture, 81-108

Friday, Sep. 28 Military and iqta` during the Post- ‘Abbasid Era: Lapidus, 137-161

Week 5 Wednesday, Oct. 3 Social Life and Popular Culture (Futuwwa, Sexuality, and Gender): Venture, 125-151

. Al-Jahiz, Kitab al-Bukhala’ ; Life and Works of al- Jahiz, 14-15

Friday, Oct. 5 Leila Ahmed, Women and Gender, Chs. 5 & 6

Week 6 Wednesday, Oct. 10 Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, “3. Al-Ghazali’s refutations of Isma`ilism and falsafa, 4. The Place of falsafa in Islam, 5. The of The Revival of the Religious Sciences”, 6. in the Revival of the Religious Sciences.” See link.

Friday, Oct. 12 The Sufi (s) (take out Suhravardi, Ibn ‘Arabi, ), Venture, 201-254

Poetry of Ibn `Arabi, see link to Addas, The Ship of Stone

Week 7 Wednesday, Oct. 17 Nizam al-Mulk, Siyasat Nameh; Book of Government, pp.102-108

Friday, Oct. 19 Midterm Exam

Week 8 Wednesday, Oct. 24 The Umayyad Emirate in Spain: Hitti, 493-536 Map Quiz 2

Friday, Oct. 26 Muslim Political Theories and the “ Ideal”: Lapidus, 181-237

Week 9 Wednesday, Oct. 31 Reyes de Taifas or Petty States: Hitti, 537-556

Friday, Nov. 2 Atabeg States, the , and the Mongols: Venture, 255-292

Week 10 Wednesday, Nov. 6 Atabegs—continued

. The Rise of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi Baha’ al-Din ibn Shaddad, Al-Nawadir al- Sultaniyya; Rare and Excellent History, pp. 35-8; 42-3.

Friday, Nov. 8 Farhad Daftari, “Hasan-i Sabbah and the Origins of the Nizari Isma’ili movement“ in Medieval Isma’ili History Map Quiz 3 Map of the Crusader states Map of the Near East in the early 13th century

Week 11 Wednesday, Nov. 14 . On al-Batiniyya (Shi’ites, Isma’ilis, Nizaris) Ibn al-Qalanisi (1077-1160), Dhayl Tarikh Dimashq, 351-355. (In Translation, The Chronicle of the Crusades, Ibn al-Qalanisi’s Chronicle by H.A.R. Gibb)

Ibn al-Athir (1160-1233), Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, vol. 9, (Beirut, 1995), 250-1. (In Translation, The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athir (1097-1146) by D.S. Richards) (See pages above under “Primary Sources”)

Friday, Nov. 16 Kerawala, “What is Islamic Art?” pp. 1-3; Kroger & Najjar, “Figurative Decoration”, pp. 51-58; Brend, “The Legacy of Empires,” pp. 20- 45.

Week 12 Wednesday, Nov. 21 Audio-Visual Presentation: Themes in Islamic Art and Architecture

Prophet : Face Revealed/Face Hidden http://zombietime.com/mohammed_image_a rchive/islamic_mo_full/

http://www.zombietime.com/mohammed_i mage_archive/islamic_mo_face_hidden/

Map Quiz 4 Map of the Near East c. 1300 CE

Friday, Nov. 23 Wael Hallaq, “Was the Gate of Ijtihad Closed?” IJMES, 16 (1984): 3-41. Revision

Week 13 Wednesday, Nov. 28 Islamic Science- Lecture Presented by Dr. Sally Ragep

Friday, Nov. 30 Summary and Revision

Cut out: • Covering al-Ghazali: Intellectual Developments (adab, falsafah, ): Venture, 152-200 • * The Mamluk Dynasty; Al-Ghazali, Ibn ‘Arabi, Ibn Rushd: Hourani, 130- 146, 158- 205