VICTORIAN BURITON Landowners, Farmers and Labourers

Home , Bordean, Buriton, East Meon, Langrish, Nursted, Privett

1 A FARMING ECONOMY

• In 1850, as in 1750, farming was still dominated by the tripartite structure of landlord, tenant farmer and labourer” . (Agrarian History of England & Wales)

2 • Putting Buriton in context

3 • Context for change in 19th Century Buriton

• 1832 Reform Act (Petersﬁeld loses an MP)

• 1834 Poor Law amendment Act (creation of Union workhouses)

• 1836 Commutation of tithes Act (Tithe maps)

• 1848 Repeal of the Corn laws

• 1849 Repeal of the Navigation Acts (Free Trade)

• 1851 Great Exhibition

4 • Sources of information

• Tithe maps and awards

• Landowners, occupiers, ﬁeld use & size, tithe paid

• 1851 census

• Occupation, parish of origin, farming numbers, employment

• 1851 Religious census

• Attendance, support for all religious organisations

• Post ofﬁce directory -earliest 1855 Kelly Directory

5 EXPLAINING GIS MAPS

6 • Buriton today

7 • Buriton in 1910

8 • Buriton in 1890

9 • Buriton in 1870 - the ﬁrst OS map

10 • Buriton in 1841 - the tithe map

11 • Buriton tithe map detail: plot names

12 • A3 Petersﬁeld bypass today

13 • A3 Petersﬁeld bypass in 1841

14 • Petersﬁeld heath and pond today

15 • Petersﬁeld Heath and Pond in 1841

16 TITHE MAPS

17 Key

Building Mead

EAST MEON IN 1852 Arable Rough pasture/vinyard

Pasture Down/Waste/Furze/Rough

Based on the Tithe Apportionment survey Plantation Common

15 Acres Lime Coppice Wood Hop Fields

Stock Little Stock Field 9 Acres Coppice Garden/grounds Road Little 4 Bighams Acres Row Stock Row Coppice Great Stock Field Orchard Stream

Little 4 Acres PRIVETT Allotment Pond Bighams Field Part of Great Buffs PARISH Carroty Field © East Meon History Group Great Buffs

Part of Down Common Common Coppice Coppice Beech Wood Little Butts The Dean The Dean Great Dean Croft Score Down Little Dean N Croft Common Close Winchester Dean Pond Further Kidneys Hither Kidneys Well Field Redhill Old Down Coppice Lay Well Field Banks Bowers Marlins Wood Eadens Round Coppice & Dean Dean Copyhold Field about Coppice Plantation Furze Direction Plantation Post Field 40 Acres W E Roundabouts 16 Acres Down Top Piece Part of Bottom Field Red Wood Fir Down Stable Mead Starve Great Copyhold Acre Copse Old Dean Field Red Allhouse Field Wood Wood Field Little Barn Field S Front Upper Bordean Hilly Field Sawpit Meadow Mead Farm Middle Down Little Peaked War Hill 11 Acres Field Pinks Down Long Field 10 Acres Upper Peake Mead FROXFIELD 0 500m Farm Great Congregations

Wheelers Halfyard Chalk Lower Morey Field Dell Mead 0 500 yds Gread Peaked Field Gravel Pit Field Old Down Row PARISH Field Halfyard Field 10 Acres Field Patrch Croft West War Hill Kingland Coppice War Hill 4 Acres Palmers East Coppice Upper Morey 12 Acres Palmers Heathfield Field Petersfield Lane Old Down Field Plat 17 Acres Dell Field The Hither Down Underwoods Barn Field Dell 13 Acres Old Down Farm Round Grove Shepherds Field Deans & Froxfield Field Patch Hanger Field WEST Croft Tegwell The Grove The Plain Coppice Little Pepper Paddock Bordean Great Hanger Mare Deans 5 Acre Upper Wimble Field Trenley Grove High Field & Mare Close MEON Plantation Pond Mead Mead Hangery Field Bottom Field Home Bordean Froxfield Part ot 19 Acres Trenley Mead Long Mead STEEP Grove Chidwicks PARISH Paddock BORDEAN Mare Close 12 Acres Stable Field Front Meadow Part of PARISH Horse Croft Peppercoomb Lond Field Lower Wimble Field Mare Field Shop Field 2 Dells Mead Upper Mead Mead 10 Acres North Field Tegwell Slatterford Square Trenley Grove Long Femley Grove Mare Coppice Farm Bordean Coppice House Lindsor Bower Coppice Slatterfored The Rookery Sawpit Lindsor Postern Field Field Long Croft & New Field The Park Mead Cold Hill Field Pond Field Fir Coppice Spearings Slattenford Swindons Upper Commonfield Part of Pound Close Long Croft Stoney Croft Slattenford Eight Acres Hazel Field Home Field Gunters & Pitland Dell Rowlands Hill Sheep Walk Row Colemore Field Sheep Walk Step Long Hop Mill Field Lime Kiln Coppice Home Hanger Garden The Moor Burrow Field Clay Pits Part of Field 8 Acres Home Field Harfeys Coppice West Meon Old Orchard Kites Hill Church Rothercombe Great Field Hop Garden Coppice 6 Acres Farm Part of Kites Hill & Chalkpit Field Old Mans Mead Dell & Wood Harpys Charles Townsfield Parsonage Wood West Grove in Old Orchard Waddingtons Mead Long Plat Cavills Tabors Field Garden Bottom Kiln Westbur y Home Field Mare Pond Field 24 Acres Field Home Pasture Mead Church House West Garden Mead Harpys Coppice Pasture North Field R Riplington Berely Field Scaffolds Lime Mead Church Mead i Pie Close v Farm Kilns e Berry Welsbury Field The Park r Smiths Wood Mead Inhams Home Upper Barn Hatchgate Brick Kiln West Croft M Hop Fir Stroud Common e Field Mead Mead Mead o Garden Plantation Hatchgate n Plat Pasture Dell in Great Peppercomb Field Reads Brick Kilns Berely Field Lower Little Ham Field Common Gosscroft Beans Lucerne Beach Wood Kiln Berely Field Lay Field Pasture The Park Part Granary Field Sir Williams Yard Petersfield Cory RIPLINGTON Drayton Field House Bramble Field Field adjoining Hop Garden Well Mead Hill Ploughmans Joy Thorps Cory Garden Garden Suters Beerhouse &c Field 40 Acres Dog Kennell Drayton Mead New Park Great Ham Hop Garden Beans Coppice Rough Mead Great Mead Hanger Pasture Pasture New Croft Up & Down LANGRISH The Part of Berely Piece Little Mustercomb Pesthouse South Brook Mead Marlpits Field Wood Coppice Way Close Pitsfield Row Stars Down Plantation North Field Lord Gages Part of Stanscoomb Mead Granary Field Mustercomb Part of Stroud Common Stars Mead 12 Acres Home Field Rick Stream 7 Acres 12 Acres or Orchard End Barn Field Coppice or Little Great Mustercomb & Shed 20 Acres Berely Wood Field Wood Stancomb & Mill Close Dog Kennel Home Field Mead Mustercomb Upper Field Cottages Barn Meadow Shillingsworth Lower Mead Common Riplington Bottom Field The Park Pasture Chandlers 14 Acres Hanger Homers Field 14 Acres 10 Acres Upper Mead 2 Beckleys Little Mustercomb Row Mead Questers Park Field 16 Acres Upper Longlands 15 Acres Farm Coar Acres Field Bayhours Shoe Eel Pond Field Stancomb Mead Long Piece New Barn Brooks Field The Plain Hullingsworth Mead Coppice 16 Acres Stroud Common Stancoomb Coppice Coppice Hither Mill Mead or Rookham Beckleys Middle Longlands 25 Acres Oars Field Little Burn Rookham Rookham Mead Coppice The Green Hanger & Road Coppice Home Field Mead Water Mead Beckleys Nutsberry Langrish Mead Part of Stroud Part of House Bridge Coppice Stroud Bridge Stancomb Row Beckleys Field Mead Lower Longlands Drayton Paddock Drayton Great Mill Maskham Chalk Dell Field Millhams Hanger Rookery Field Mill & Plantation Mead Upper Little Pidham Stancomb Maskham Furze Chalk North Sheepwalk Col Jacksons Dell Great Burn Hanger Field Mead Hop Garden Orchard Piece Little Mill Stroud Beckleys North Stroud Mead & 5 Acres Mead Mead Shotters Mead Drayton Paddock Mead 19 Acres Millhams Sheepwalk Upper Down Maskham Large Pilham Hop Garden Pasture Copse Little Shilllingworth Holdstocks Lower Horse Part of Nutsberry Mead Holdstocks Oldstocks Oadleys Mead Lower Stroud Mill Platt Drayton Down Water Hogshead Hill or Rookham Bowls Cowdown Bottom Down Fairlease Stroud Common Mead Coppice Mead Mead House Mead Middle & Pomplins 14 Acres Lodge Piece Barnfield Hanger Upper Stroud Bridge Piece Shillingworth Piece Holdstocks Stroud Water Mead Butts Gin Hill & Shepherds Hole Orchard Common Stroud Oadleys Great or Rookham Round Mead Hollow Ash Little Nutsberry Hogshead Hill Rookham Field Field Clarks Mead Mead Henwood Rookham Down Part of Sliders Mead Pasture Six Acres Outer piece Old House Piece Paddock & Shed Oadleys Mead Pasture Woods Drayton Down Orchard Shotters Little Field Field Pasture Sheets Serpents Mead Core Bottom 14 Acres Garson Field Little Three Acres Sheet Great Woods Holdstocks Long Mead Hollow Mead Cowdown Bushes Hogshead Paddock 5 Acres Long Wheat Ricks Homefield & Little Hop Great Nutsberry Rookham Rookham 5 Acres Ash Henwood Chalk Dell Paddock Cuin 8 Acres Garden Sheets Field Box Steddles Wate Down R Park Hill Long Mead i Part of Burrow Bramble Mead Widow Knights v Peaked End Box Steddles Coppice Millards e Three Hill Coppice Croft Bolters Part of Sheets Common Coppice r Jarmans Wheat Ricks Coppice Westend of Acres Hollow Mead Whicham M Crossway Paddock Vicarage Barn Field Paddock Part of Crim & Upper Winnells Whicham Mead e Well Field Part of Ash Mead o House 8 Acres Rookham Field Burrow Hill Middle Down n Nutsberry Mead National Pound Woodgasson Hales School Wheat Ricks Muscombe Paddock Front Church Burrow Hill Upper Barrow Rickyard Paddock Chiscombes 11 Acres 6 Acres RAMSDEAN Coppice Common Meadow Hanger Hill Barn Field Oxdown Temples Mead Paddock Poors Close Great Hales Whicham Bugworths Henwood Backriver Mead Berry Garden North Field Meadow Plot Rookery Frogmore Field Hop Garden Coppice Mead Court Wheeler Farm Caiddells Burnt House Pound Farm Paddock Woodbridge 25 Acres Pound Mead Barn Field Hales Peaked Field Cow Mead Plat Shop Gentlemans Tulips Home Field Pasture Coppice Bugworths Paddock Coppice Ewe Down Frogmore Penny Croft Pound Paddock Pasture & Hop Long Croft & Hop Garden Garden Field Barn Bugworths Marchants Sheer Hilly Mead Field Horseheads Hop Gassen Old Mead 9 Acres Green Way Meadow EAST MEON Mead Mead Grass Greenway Mead Pound Bugworths Garden Piece Barn Stable Field Part of Coppice Paddock Church Greenway Up Great Little Criddell Hovel Mead Kews Mill Mill Frogmore Garden Part of Wheer Wheer Gassen Field Mead Mead Meadow Mead Stable Pill Mead Mead Part of Wetlands West Lands Cartridges Great Field Blarnetts Lower Henwood Henwood Princes Mead Caiddells Paddock Field Meadow Further Bulls Field Coppice Mead Meadow Bushes Part of Marchants Coppice Luckwells Grove Croft Great Field Hilly Paddock Templers Field Marchants Hither Little Mead Putchells Hop Garden Pilditch Paddock Malsters Paddock Luckwells Cumbers Rough Bugworths Field Pasture Long Yard Upper Henwood Coppice House Long Mead & East Croft Long Field Hilly Field Home Mead Binnells Coppice Mead Shoulder of Mutton Weary Field The Plat Peas Acres Goosfield Green Nutcombe Henwood Down House Pillham Godsfield Witch Field Staplefield & Gods Long & Merry Field Coppice Little The Half Cumbers Homefield 20 Ways Nutcombe Weathers Croft 40 Acres Gentlemans Pidham Home Field Nutcombe Great House Pasture Piece Meadow Paddock Lakes Mead Bottom Fourteen Acres Paddock Paddock Malthouse Pasture Nutcombe Apsley Merrys Field Church Plat Hilhampton North Down Wet Piece Mead Crabtree Priors Part of Nutcombe Coppice Weathers Part of Long Mead Meadow Lassams Farm Hampshires Nutcombe & Shoulder of Mutton Well Field Home Field Mead Nutcombe Mead Hampshires Paddock Merry Bopeep Mead Gafson &c Hogs Paddock Weathers Lower Halnaker Cowleave Church Plat Pelhams Mead Field 4 Acres Harroway Field Lakes Little Lakes Great Lakes Great Pasture Bunny Part of or 7 Great Harroway Hall House Field Part of Long Field Little Leythe Acrres Longtail Harroway Paddock Mead Broad House Humphries Selhams Bopeep Field Lakes Barn Garson Dunsberry Little Field Field 8 Acres Great Mead Home Field Bush Field Fowlers Home Oxenbourne Cross Leathams Riles Close Paddock Hilly Field Church Mead Crowleys Farm Motts Plat Duncombe Drowsy Meadow Marlpitts Garden Field Upper Halnaker French's Hole Mead Broad Upper House Orchard Plot Bottom Field 8 Acres Kilberry Field Half Mead Part of Long Farm Lime & Barn Piece Lower Sulscombe Round Kilns Half Meadow Six & Hipp Arable Upper Piece Tenements Coombe Close Field Means or Hipp Cross Brownings Hill Hales Field South Field Water Lakes Brampliins Ten Acres Little 9 Acres Great Field The Grove Small Profits Duncombe 7 Acres OXENBOURNE Barn Piece Tilberry Duncombe 15 Acres Duncombe Paddock 4 Acres Oxenbourne Lith Middle Sulscombe Barn Field The 8 & 5 Acres Hipp Part of Twenty Acres Gore Duncombe Castway Lakes Great Mead Shepherds Plat Paddock Great Mead Down Field Shortlands Little Down Down part of Bordean Still & Castway Great Moat Field 13 Acres Hockham Paddock Mead Field Field Small Down Bean Field Fishpond Black Hedge Down Sulscombe Upper & Lower 10 Acres Shortlands Lith North Field Orchard Field Church Side Parsonage Mead Brocklands Paddock The Slade Piece Field Small Down Gassons Paddock Oxenbourne Lith Coombe Pasture Parsonage Cross Row Gasson Small Down Plain Paddock Eight Acres Coombe Close 11 Acres 7 Acres East Field Sheepwash Oxenbourne Lith Hackhams Row Home Field Lower Farm West Field Yarmans Piece Upper 20 Acres Mill Banks Barn Field 10 Acres Harvesting Field New Cloths Hockham Meadow Newleys Sheepwash Lower 20 Acres Great West Field Sheepwash Barn Field Great Field Pasture Field Home Field Home Mill Field Inhams Meadow Part of The 20 Acres Allotments on Ramsdean Down Fords Sheepwash Field Coombe 12 Acres Broad Acres Small Down Partridge Furlong Lower Farm Croft East Field Fairfield Mill Mead 10 Acres 3 Acres Harvesting COOMBE Potters 17 Acres Farm Mill 16 Acres Field Home Pinks Mead Pond Plat 16 Acres 14 Acres Walnut Old Orchard & Rough Salt Hill Fair Field Tree Spring Banks Stoney Lands Potters 12 Acres Part of Stoke Field Mead Salt Hill Lonlands & Spring Barn Field Preston Barn Barn Field Field Paddock Down Piece Crim Upper 11 Acres Part of Pip Croft Trexdean Part of Hither Down Piece Stony Lands Lower Trexdean Chapel Field Sheep Barn Lynch Paddock Furlongs Further Lower Goathill Stony Lands Upper Piece Down Piece Allotments on Ramsdean Down 3 Acres Barn Field Marshalls 6 Acres Salt Hill Part of 5 Acres Lynch Piece Poor Cottages Allotment Lower Wheat Hill on Ramsdean Down Old Mead 14 Acres 10 Acres Middle Goathill Recreation Allotment Hither Down on Ramsdean Down Crim 10 Acres Rave Piece Little Dean Field Bottom Down Field Upper Field Lower Winding 5 Acres Great Dean Field Piece 8 Acres

30 Acres 6 Acres Upper Winding Piece 12 Acres Upper Goathill Upper Wheat Field Spent Hill Weather Down Upper 5 Acres BURITON Roundabout Allotments on Oxenbourne Down Wadcombe Long Down Broad Field PARISH Abresford Stone & 40 Acres Thistly Field Tegdown Bottom Hilhampton Down

Hyden Down Preston Down Tegdown 9 Acres

Hyden Down Tegdown Bottom Allotments on Oxenbourne Down Upper Blagden Field Lime Kiln Field Recreation Allotment Hyden Down Upper Corner on Down Furzen Close Peaked Field Field Lower Blagden Furzen Close Field Blagden HAMBLEDON Leydown Bottom Hyden Round Field Wood Copse Part of Poor Cottages Byden Allotment PARISH Hyden Paddock Wood & Furze Coppice on Down

Blagden Barn Byden Farm Field Field Allotments on Allotments on Petersfield Pescods Oxenbourne Down Leydown Bottom Coppice Row 7 Scrub Hyden Wood Leydown Third 11 Acres Bottom Row Part of Oxenbourne Down Blagden Byden Coppice Coppice

6 Acres 14 Acres Hyden Wood

Second Lower 11 Acres 11 Acres Biden Barn Field Field Hyden Wood 11 Acres 7 Acres Row Coombe Coppice Portsmouth Dell Field Small Gains Small Field Part of Hyden Wood Clanfield

Field in front of cottage Stoney Home Field Pond Close Field Cave Acre Hyden Wood Upper Middle Barn CLANFIELD Colestop Field or Field Home Meadow 8 Acres Lower Barn PARISH Field

Copse Halfpenny Close Field 18 19 • Tithe awards in neighbouring parishes

• Tithe commutation based on actual rental payments 1829- 1835

• Buriton tithe of £1,092

20 • Buriton at 6,306 acres was larger than most neighbouring parishes, with more pasture and common. There was less arable land

21 LORD OF THE MANOR

22 • John Bonham Carter was lord of the manor but the beneﬁce was in the gift of the Bishop of Winchester

23 Charles Richard Sumner Bishop of Winchester 1827- 1869

24 John Bird Sumner Archbishop of Canterbury 1848 - 1862

25 LANDOWNERS

26 • The largest landowners in Buriton - none lived in the parish in 1851 - and the Rector had changed

27 • Buriton had a concentration of medium sized landowners

28 • John Bonham Carter

29 30 • Hampshire MPs in 1852

31 • The liberal cabinet in 1851

32 LOCAL LANDOWNERS

33 • Ditcham House in 1842 - home of Joanna Maria Carter

34 • Heath House in 1842, home of Sir William Jolliffe

35 • Nursted House in 1842, home of James Hugonin

36 • Largest tithe payers: landowners

37 FARMERS

38 • Largest tithe payers:farmers

39 • The economics of farming:

• Wages (Andover 1850) 8s/week, extra 6d for harvest. Implies maximum £20 per year

• Labourer could look after 25 arable acres or 50 pasture acres (Cambridge History) (i.e. 40p - 80p /acre)

• Rent was £1.25 acre (Caird)

• Tithes were £0.17/acre (Tithe award)

• Wheat yield was 20 bushels/acre in Hampshire in 1800, rising to 30 in 1850

40 • Price of grains in shillings per imperial quarter

• 40 shillings / quarter = £0.25/bushel (crop worth £5 - £7.50/ acre) but 4 crop rotation

41 • Fielder King employed 54 men for 2,700 acres.

• Samuel Seward employed 39 men for 600 acres

• Average of 30 acres per labourer

42 • Most large local farmers were tenants. Fielder King ran the largest local farm by a factor of 2x.

43 • Caird 1850 Study of British Agriculture

In every respect, the present state of the farm buildings in Hampshire is unsatisfactory: insufficient in point of accommodation, placed here and there more by random than on any definite principle, constructed of materials so frail as to be in constant need of repair, they show that the landlords have given little attention to the wants of their tenants, and that their agents have failed to perform a most important part of their duties, when these duties are rightly understood.

44 • Manor Farm in 1842, note the buildings

45 • Manor Farm, Fielder King - who had moved on by 1855

46 • Nursted Farm, Thomas Maxwell

47 • Bolinge Hill Farm, William Chase Junior

48 • Ditcham Farm / Downley House Farm, William Chase Senior

49 • Weston Farm, Samuel Seward

50 • Ditcham Farm, Rev John Coles

51 THE CHURCH

52 • Church attendance: signiﬁcant growth in nonconformist, especially Methodism

• Petersﬁeld saw double the Anglican Church goers

• Wesleyan pastor in Petersﬁeld noted low attendance due to poor weather

53 • East Meon, Hambledon & Buriton all very rich livings

• “The tithes & fees being a varying income, it is impossible to give an accurate answer (to income). Besides this, the necessary deductions are not asked, & to return the income without these would give a very erroneous idea of the income”. Rev John Sumner

• Buriton tithe was £1,092, excluding Sheet which was another £338

• Sumner also had a paid role in Winchester cathedral working for his father

54 AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS

55 • 1851 census: Sunday March 30

56 • Almost 50% under age of 20

57 • Almost 50% born in Buriton. Another 96 from Petersﬁeld

58 • Over 90% from Hampshire and Sussex

59 • Almost 60% of men/boys were labourers

• Over 50% of women/girls had no listed occupation

60 • Colwell was most common surname -5 households

61 • William most popular man’s name

62 • Jane most popular woman’s name

63 • No paupers in Buriton only 12 marked “alms”. 10 paupers in Weston

• Low levels of pauperism - 10% was average. 22/1037 (2%) in Buriton - all elderly, average age 70

64 • Petersﬁeld Workhouse - 1 of 16 “Unions” in Hampshire

• East Meon largest parish, with 2 out of 16 “guardians”. Buriton had 1 guardian

65 • 4 (out of 80) paupers from Buriton in 1851 census

66 • 43 year old Richard Pennicott - maybe related to 9 year old in Buriton with same surname

• 42 year old Richard Hall - 10 other Halls in Buriton

• 33 year old James Nash - no Naish or Nash in Buriton Census

• 13 year old Mary Caplen - there was a 73 year old shoemaker in North Lane and a 13 year old agricultural labourer

67 • 1855 Kelly Directory

• John Bedford was the receiver of the post, which arrived at 8 am and were dispatched at 6.30 pm

• 5 Gentry (Francis Darwin, Nursted house, Lord de Blaquiere, Heath House, Mrs Eames, William Green, Ditcham Grove, Rev Sumner, Rectory)

• 15 traders - 14 farmers

• Assessor of taxes, Parish clerk & National School

68 • 1 pub (Five bells) - Jolly Sailor on London road not listed

• 3 beer retailers (George Fielder, John Smith & John Aburrow - who lived at the Newby’s house, so may have been at the Jolly sailor)

• 2 shopkeepers (John Bedford, John Lee)

• 1 tailor (Edward White)

69 • 1 boot & shoemaker (James Hall)

• 1 blacksmith (John Hounsome, opposite the rectory)

• 2 wheelwrights (John Caplen, George Fielder 1st house up Kiln Lane)

• No bakers, butchers, harness makers

70 • John Harrison ran brick & tile works next to Jolly Sailor

• 1 land agent (William Adams)

• 2 bricklayers (Walter Bone, Patrick Thomas)

• 1 gardener & seedsman (Samuel Journing)