Bradford Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project (BNLWRP)
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HENRY V. PURNELL Wrote a Dissenting Opinion, in Which Judges Niemeyer and Agee Joined
ON REHEARING EN BANC PUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT FREDERICK P. HENRY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. No. 08-7433 ROBERT PURNELL, Defendant-Appellee. Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, at Baltimore. J. Frederick Motz, District Judge. (1:04-cv-00979-JFM) Argued: March 24, 2011 Decided: July 14, 2011 Before TRAXLER, Chief Judge, and WILKINSON, NIEMEYER, KING, GREGORY, SHEDD, DUNCAN, AGEE, DAVIS, KEENAN, WYNN, and DIAZ, Circuit Judges.1 Reversed and remanded by published opinion. Judge Gregory wrote the opinion, in which Chief Judge Traxler and Judges Wilkinson, King, Duncan, Davis, Keenan, Wynn, and Diaz joined. Judge Davis wrote a concurring opinion. Judge Shedd 1Judge Motz did not hear oral argument or participate in the decision of this case. 2 HENRY v. PURNELL wrote a dissenting opinion, in which Judges Niemeyer and Agee joined. Judge Niemeyer wrote a separate dissenting opinion. COUNSEL ARGUED: Katherine Louise Bushman, GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY LAW CENTER, Appellate Litigation Pro- gram, Washington, D.C., for Appellant. John Francis Breads, Jr., Hanover, Maryland, for Appellee. ON BRIEF: Steven H. Goldblatt, Director, Charlotte J. Garden, Supervising Attor- ney, May K. Chiang, Student Counsel, Kate G. Henningsen, Student Counsel, GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY LAW CENTER, Appellate Litigation Program, Washington, D.C., for Appellant. OPINION GREGORY, Circuit Judge: Without warning, Officer Robert Purnell shot Frederick Henry, an unarmed man wanted for misdemeanor failure to pay child support, when he started running away. In the ensu- ing § 1983 action, the parties stipulated that Purnell had intended to use his Taser rather than his gun and the district court granted him summary judgment. -
After Care of Those Who Have Been Exposed to PAVA (Captor) Spray Or Post Deployment of ‘Taser’ Device
Document level: Trustwide (TW) Code: CP39 Issue number: 3 After care of those who have been exposed to PAVA (Captor) spray or post deployment of ‘taser’ device Lead executive Director of Nursing Therapies Patient Partnership Author and contact number Safety and Security Lead – 01244 397 618 Type of document Policy Target audience All inpatient staff The procedure is written in the event of CS Gas being used within Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (CWP). It Document purpose provides guidance on the aftercare of those who have been affected by a CS contaminant. Document consultation Emergency Planning Sub Committee (EPSC) Approving meeting Patient Safety and Effectiveness Sub Committee 17-Feb-11 Ratification Document Quality Group (DQG) 8-Sep-11 Original issue date Apr-03 Implementation date Sep-11 Review date Sep-16 HR6 Trust-wide learning and development requirements including the training needs analysis (TNA) CWP documents to be read GR1 Incident reporting and management policy in conjunction with GR8 Security policy CP6 The management of violence and aggression (incorporating verbal threat to staff and offensive weapons) Training requirements There are no specific training requirements for this document. Financial resource No implications Equality Impact Assessment (EIA) Initial assessment Yes/No Comments Does this document affect one group less or more favourably than another on the basis of: Race No Ethnic origins (including gypsies and travellers) No Nationality No Gender No Culture No Religion or belief -
An Investigation of Occupational Accidents and Safety Risks in Policing: Views of Employees
Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 An investigation of occupational accidents and safety risks in policing: Views of employees Murat Gözübenli1 Fatih Mehmet Harmancı2 Abstract Policing is one of the riskiest and dangerous professions by its nature. Police officers face a range of risks at work: homicide, assaults, attacks, communicable diseases, car crashes or explosions. The risks vary according to the task being undertaken such as arresting offenders, attending street disturbances or performing traffic duties. These risks, having the characteristics of occupational accident in a way, have institutional losses like compensation, loss of manpower and reputation besides individual results like injury, death, mutilation, and posttraumatic stress disorder, exposure to psychological disorders or decrease in quality of life. Opinions and suggestions of 1066 employees currently working at different ranks and units in Turkish National Police in regards with reducing the risks of occupational accidents and safety risks were studied in this research. Suggestions of the participants were reviewed under total nine headings (themes) consisting of training, physical fitness and health, security measures, institutional policies and procedures, managerial policies, working conditions, equipment, uniforms, and patrol cars. Keywords: Occupational accident, work safety, police, risk, injury, death, Turkish National Police 1. Introduction Occupational accidents are one of the most important problems of the work life in Turkey, as well as other parts of the world. Occupational accidents in Turkey occur pretty much compared to developed countries (Camkurt, 2013). 70-80 thousands of occupational accidents occur every year, and their cost only to social security system is 4 billion TL according to the records of Social Security Institution (Yılmaz, 2013). -
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
INVESTIGATIONS TO IRON LIMITATION IN STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE I n a u g u r a l d i s s e r t a t i o n zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Greifswald vorgelegt von Juliane Hoyer geboren am 18.08.1988 in Potsdam Greifswald, den 18.12.2018 Dekan: Prof. Dr. Werner Weitschies 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Dörte Becher 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Jan Maarten van Dijl Tag der Promotion: 25.04.2019 Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents ...................................................................................................................................................... I Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................................... V 1. Summary ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Zusammenfassung .......................................................................................................................................... 3 3. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.1. Streptococcus pneumoniae ................................................................................................................... 7 3.1.1. Historical and general -
Unmanned Vehicle Systems & Operations on Air, Sea, Land
Kansas State University Libraries New Prairie Press NPP eBooks Monographs 10-2-2020 Unmanned Vehicle Systems & Operations on Air, Sea, Land Randall K. Nichols Kansas State University Hans. C. Mumm Wayne D. Lonstein Julie J.C.H Ryan Candice M. Carter See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/ebooks Part of the Aerospace Engineering Commons, Aviation and Space Education Commons, Higher Education Commons, and the Other Engineering Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Nichols, Randall K.; Mumm, Hans. C.; Lonstein, Wayne D.; Ryan, Julie J.C.H; Carter, Candice M.; Hood, John-Paul; Shay, Jeremy S.; Mai, Randall W.; and Jackson, Mark J., "Unmanned Vehicle Systems & Operations on Air, Sea, Land" (2020). NPP eBooks. 35. https://newprairiepress.org/ebooks/35 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Monographs at New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in NPP eBooks by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Randall K. Nichols, Hans. C. Mumm, Wayne D. Lonstein, Julie J.C.H Ryan, Candice M. Carter, John-Paul Hood, Jeremy S. Shay, Randall W. Mai, and Mark J. Jackson This book is available at New Prairie Press: https://newprairiepress.org/ebooks/35 UNMANNED VEHICLE SYSTEMS & OPERATIONS ON AIR, SEA, LAND UNMANNED VEHICLE SYSTEMS & OPERATIONS ON AIR, SEA, LAND PROFESSOR RANDALL K. NICHOLS, JULIE RYAN, HANS MUMM, WAYNE LONSTEIN, CANDICE CARTER, JEREMY SHAY, RANDALL MAI, JOHN P HOOD, AND MARK JACKSON NEW PRAIRIE PRESS MANHATTAN, KS Copyright © 2020 Randall K. -
Fatal-Police-Taserings-2001-2013 -Pdf
October 13, 2013 Fatal PoliceTaserings Deaths Per Year 2013: 36 Deaths 2012: 51 2011: 64 2010: 64 2009: 57 2008: 62 2007: 67 2006: 73 2005: 66 2004: 48 2003: 16 2002: 12 2001: 2 TOTAL: 618 2013: 36 Deaths October 13, 2013—Lorain, Ohio—32-year-old William Taylor died after police tasered him while he was prone on the ground being handcuffed. Police say that Taylor shot and killed his girlfriend several minutes before breaking into the house of another woman, allegedly fleeing the scene. A man who lived in the house subdued Taylor and pinned him to the floor. According to the woman Taylor pleaded with the residents “please help me!” several times. When police arrived at the house they began to cuff Taylor and according to the resident tasered him while he lay prone. According to police Taylor then “passed out” after being tasered. He died at a nearby hospital a few hours later. http://chronicle.northcoastnow.com/2013/10/15/circumstances-of-lorain-deaths- investigated/ October 13, 2013—El Paso, Texas—36-year-old Mercedes Demarco died after police tasered her. At 4 a.m. police were called because someone was allegedly screaming outside a motel room in the Sunset Heights neighborhood. A witness Demarco, stage performer and transgender woman, was outside the motel office yelling for help. Police arrived and with no explanation or interaction with Demarco decided to arrest her. As many as five police officers attacked Demarco, tasered her, and put her in a squad car. Police say Demarco “became unresponsive” while being transported and she was later pronounced dead at an area hospital. -
Less Lethal Force
LESS LETHAL FORCE Proposed Standards for Massachusetts Law Enforcement Agencies Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 II. Less Lethal Weapons ......................................................................................................... 2 A. Types of Less Lethal Weapons .............................................................................. 2 1. Chemical Sprays ........................................................................................ 2 2. Pepper Spray .............................................................................................. 3 3. Impact Projectiles ....................................................................................... 4 a. Bean Bag Rounds ........................................................................... 4 b. Rubber Bullets ............................................................................... 4 c. Pepper Spray Projectiles ................................................................ 5 d. Wooden Bullet Projectiles ............................................................. 5 4. Electroshock Weapons ............................................................................... 5 5. Other Devices ............................................................................................. 6 -
We Still Deserve Safety
ALABAMA: CHIKESIA CLEMONS (MOBILE) ⬥ JACQUELINE DIXON (SELMA) ⬥ MARSHAE JONES (BIRMINGHAM) ⬥ ARIZONA: ADELAIDA REYNOSA ⬥ ERICA REYNOLDS (PHOENIX) ⬥ IESHA HARPER (PHOENIX)⬥ MARIAH VALENZEULA (PHOENIX) ⬥ MARISOL MENDOZA (ELOY DETENTION FACILITY) ⬥ CALIFORNIA: AMAYA* (CALIFORNIA DETENTION CENTER) ⬥ ANGELICA GONZALEZ-GARCIA (NOW MASSACHUSETTS) ⬥ BETHANY NAVA (LOS ANGELES) ⬥ BRIANNA BELL (LA MESA) ⬥ C.R. (CALIFORNIA BORDER) ⬥ DONISHA PRENDERGAST (RIALTO) ⬥ EMERALD BLACK (SAN LEANDRO) ⬥ IRENE* (CALIFORNIA DETENTION CENTER) ⬥ JANE DOE ⬥ JANE DOES ⬥ JORDAN RODGERS (SAN FRANCISCO) ⬥ KELLY FYFFE-MARSHALL (RIALTO) ⬥ MELYDA CORADO (LOS ANGELES) ⬥ MS L (CALIFORNIA BORDER) ⬥ REBA PERRY-UFELE (LOS ANGELES) ⬥ TATIANA WALKER-MORRIS (LAX) ⬥ VANESSA MARQUEZ (SOUTH PASADE- NA) ⬥ COLORADO: DIANA SANCHEZ (DENVER) ⬥ CONNECTICUT: JANE DOE ⬥ LOLADE SIYONBOLA (NEW HAVEN) ⬥ DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: JANE DOES ⬥ FLORIDA: ARAMIS AYALA (ORLANDO) ⬥ JANASIA ROBINSON (PINELLAS COUNTY) ⬥ JANE DOE (CORAL SPRINGS) ⬥ JERAI ROBINSON (PINELLAS COUNTY) ⬥ KAIA ROLLE (ORLANDO) ⬥ KIRENDA WELCH (JACKSONVILLE) ⬥ NADIA KING (JACKSONVILLE) ⬥ SHARYAH FELTON (PINELLAS COUNTY) ⬥ VAN- NA ALLEN (PINELLAS COUNTY) ⬥ WILMICA EDMONDS (ORANGE COUNTY) ⬥ GEORGIA: CYNTHIA FIELDS (SAVANNAH) ⬥ WeJANE DOES (GEORGIA Still DETENTION CENTER) ⬥ SHAKAYLA HILL (MACON) ⬥ SHUKRI SAID (ATLANTA) ⬥ TANIYAH PILGRIM (ATLANTA) ⬥ ILLINOIS: CAMILLA HUDSON (CHICAGO) ⬥ JANE DOE (CHICAGO) ⬥ MIA WRIGHT (CHICAGO) ⬥ MIGNONNEDeserve ROBINSON (CHICAGO) ⬥ INDIANA : IVORESafety WESTFIELD (INDIANAPOLIS) ⬥ KANSAS: BREONA HILL (KANSAS -
'Response to the Director-General's Request
OPCW Scientific Advisory Board Twenty-Fifth Session SAB-25/WP.1 27 – 31 March 2017 27 March 2017 ENGLISH only RESPONSE TO THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL'S REQUEST TO THE SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD TO PROVIDE CONSIDERATION ON WHICH RIOT CONTROL AGENTS ARE SUBJECT TO DECLARATION UNDER THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION 1. Response to the Director-General’s Request to the Scientific Advisory Board to Consider Which Riot Control Agents are Subject to Declaration Under the Chemical Weapons Convention (hereinafter “the Convention”). Annex: Response to the Director-General’s Request to the Scientific Advisory Board to Consider Which Riot Control Agents are Subject to Declaration Under the Chemical Weapons Convention. CS-2017-0268(E) distributed 27/03/2017 *CS-2017-0268.E* SAB-25/WP.1 Annex page 2 Annex RESPONSE TO THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL’S REQUEST TO THE SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD TO CONSIDER WHICH RIOT CONTROL AGENTS ARE SUBJECT TO DECLARATION UNDER THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 This report provides advice from the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) on which riot control agents (RCAs) would be subject to declaration under the Convention in response to a request by the Director-General at the Board’s Twentieth Session in June 2013 [1]. The request appears in Appendix 1. 1.2 The SAB considered a list of 59 chemicals that included the 14 chemicals declared as RCAs since entry into force of the Convention; chemicals identified as potential RCAs from a list of “riot control agents and old/abandoned chemical weapons” to be considered for inclusion in the OPCW Chemical Agent Database (OCAD) that had been drafted by the SAB’s Temporary Working Group (TWG) on Analytical Procedures in 2001 (Appendix 2) [2]; an initial survey conducted by the Technical Secretariat in 2013 of RCAs that have been researched or are available for purchase, beyond those that are already declared; and 12 additional chemicals recognised by the SAB as having potential RCA applications. -
20 2200 Attachment 6
Module 10 Irritant Sprays OPERATIONAL SAFETY TRAINING OFFICIAL Module 10 Irritant Sprays Section 1: Introduction Section 2: Irritant Spray Theory Section 3: Irritant Spray Techniques Aims: Section 2: To provide officers/staff with training in the theory and techniques included within the irritant spray Irritant Spray Theory section of the programme. Officers/staff should bear in mind that not all subjects are affected by irritant spray, therefore, Learning Outcomes: they should maintain alert throughout to the Officers/staff will be able to: potential for it not working. • Explain the theory associated The information contained in this module with irritant spray is designed to provide officers/staff with an overarching, generic approach to the use of irritant spray. The guidance provided is for the • Demonstrate the techniques included benefit of officers/staff that may be required to within the irritant spray programme use irritant spray. Section 1 - Introduction The guidance should not be viewed in isolation, but seen as the guiding principles and Officers are reminded that under S.5 of fundamental approach, underpinning the specific the Firearms Act 1968 it is classified as a training provided to all officers/staff issued with firearm. irritant spray. The high line carry position of the irritant spray is a tactical communication and can provide The use of irritant spray should be seen in the a visual presentation and creates a unique context of the National Decision Model as a psychological effect on the subject, thus whole and its use viewed as one of the many affording the officer/staff a tactical advantage. tactical options that may be available to an Officer/staff presence and bearing are important officer/staff in the resolution of an incident. -
Non-Kinetic-Energy Weapons Termed 'Non-Lethal'
Non-kinetic-energy weapons termed ‘non-lethal’ A Preliminary Assessment under International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law Stuart Casey-Maslen October 2010 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Definitions of key terms 3 2. OVERVIEW OF NKE WEAPONS 9 2.1 What are non‐kinetic‐energy weapons? 9 2.2 Operational scenarios 12 2.2.1 Armed conflict 12 2.2.2 Peace operations 13 2.2.3 Policing and riot control 14 2.2.4 Hostage‐taking 14 3. OVERVIEW OF APPLICABLE INTERNATIONAL LAW 16 3.2 International humanitarian law 16 3.2.1 General rules on the use of weapons in armed conflict 17 3.2.2 Rules applicable to the use of specific weapons in armed conflict 22 3.3 International human rights law 25 3.3.1 The right to life 26 3.3.1 The right to freedom from torture 30 3.3.3 Right to liberty and security 34 3.3.4 Right to protest 34 3.3.5 Right to health 35 3.3.6 The importance of training for law enforcement officials 36 3.4 International criminal justice standards 36 4. CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS 38 4.1 Overview of the weapons and their impact 38 4.2 International humanitarian law 42 4.3 International human rights law 46 5. ELECTRICAL (ELECTROSHOCK) WEAPONS 50 5.1 Overview of the weapons and their impact 50 5.2 International humanitarian law 58 5.3 International human rights law 59 6. DIRECTED ENERGY WEAPONS 61 6.1 Overview of the weapons and their impact 61 6.2 International humanitarian law 64 6.3 International human rights law 65 7. -
The Use of Tasers on People with Mental Health Problems Across IIMHL Countries October 2016
The use of Tasers on people with mental health problems across IIMHL countries October 2016 “I have never felt anything like it in my life,” he said. “It’s a thousand times worse than an electric shock. You feel it in your whole body; your arms, your legs and your brain”1. “Having been Tasered (in the era when that was permitted as part of training), I am confident that even the most motivated individual would rethink their intentions once the Taser was in action,” he said. He described the sensation as like holding an electric fence where the kick was continuous rather than intermittent. “It hurt, but there were no ill-effects”2. Introduction In all IIMHL countries Police use Tasers and mental health leaders are concerned about the use of Tasers on people with mental health problems. Such concern has led to this report. This appears to be a very complex area with sometimes competing interests. During the gathering of this information, it was apparent to us that all of the stakeholders, people with lived experience, their families, police and justice, providers, clinicians and policy/funders are interested in working together on the issue of the use of Tasers on people in mental distress. The information in this current report was obtained via two main strategies: through IIMHL contacts but mainly through a brief website search. This search assumes that all websites are 1 Person with experience of PTSD post-Tasering http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/majority-of-suspects- Tasered-by-police-are-mentally-ill-figures-show-a6786996.html 2 Greg O’Connor, New Zealand Police Association, September 2015 file:///Users/janetpeters/Downloads/2015- 09%20(1).pdf 1 up-to-date.