Biological Resources
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Egg-Mimics of Streptanthus (Cruciferae) Deter Oviposition by Pieris Sisymbrii (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Oecologia (Berl) (1981) 48:142-143 Oecologia Springer-Verlag 198l Short Communication Egg-Mimics of Streptanthus (Cruciferae) Deter Oviposition by Pieris sisymbrii (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) Arthur M. Shapiro Department of Zoology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Summary. Streptanthus breweri, a serpentine-soil annual mus- appear to decrease the attractiveness of mature S. glandulosus tard, produces pigmented callosities on its upper leaves which to ovipositing females (Shapiro, in press). are thought to mimic the eggs of the Pierid butterfly Pieris The efficacy of the suspected egg-mimics of S. breweri was sisymbrii. P. sisymbrii is one of several inflorescence - infructes- tested afield at Turtle Rock, Napa County, California (North cence-feeding Pierids which assess egg load visually on individual Coast Ranges). The site is an almost unvegetated, steep serpen- host plants prior to ovipositing. Removal of the "egg-mimics" tine talus slope with a S to SW exposure. S. breweri is the domi- from S. breweri plants in situ significantly increases the probabili- nant Crucifer (S. glandulosus also occurs) and P. sisymbrii the ty of an oviposition relative to similar, intact plants. dominant Pierid (Anthocharis sara Lucas and Euchloe hyantis Edw., both Euchloines, are present). On 10 April 1980 I prepared two lists of 50 numbers from a random numbers table. On 11 April, 100 plants of S. breweri "Egg-load assessment" occurs when a female insect's choice in the appropriate phenophase (elongating/budding, bearing egg- to oviposit or not on a given substrate is influenced by whether mimics) were numbered and tagged. Each was measured, its or not eggs (con or heterospecific) are present. -
Macroevolutionary Patterns of Glucosinolate Defense and Tests of Defense-Escalation and Resource Availability Hypotheses
Research Macroevolutionary patterns of glucosinolate defense and tests of defense-escalation and resource availability hypotheses N. Ivalu Cacho1,2, Daniel J. Kliebenstein3,4 and Sharon Y. Strauss1 1Center for Population Biology, and Department of Evolution of Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; 2Instituto de Biologıa, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico; 3Department of Plant Sciences, University of California. One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; 4DynaMo Center of Excellence, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark Summary Author for correspondence: We explored macroevolutionary patterns of plant chemical defense in Streptanthus (Brassi- N. Ivalu Cacho caceae), tested for evolutionary escalation of defense, as predicted by Ehrlich and Raven’s Tel: +1 530 304 5391 plant–herbivore coevolutionary arms-race hypothesis, and tested whether species inhabiting Email: [email protected] low-resource or harsh environments invest more in defense, as predicted by the resource Received: 13 April 2015 availability hypothesis (RAH). Accepted: 8 June 2015 We conducted phylogenetically explicit analyses using glucosinolate profiles, soil nutrient analyses, and microhabitat bareness estimates across 30 species of Streptanthus inhabiting New Phytologist (2015) 208: 915–927 varied environments and soils. doi: 10.1111/nph.13561 We found weak to moderate phylogenetic signal in glucosinolate classes -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Breeding System Diversification and Evolution in American Poa Supersect. Homalopoa (Poaceae: Poeae: Poinae)
Annals of Botany Page 1 of 23 doi:10.1093/aob/mcw108, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org Breeding system diversification and evolution in American Poa supersect. Homalopoa (Poaceae: Poeae: Poinae) Liliana M. Giussani1,*, Lynn J. Gillespie2, M. Amalia Scataglini1,Marıa A. Negritto3, Ana M. Anton4 and Robert J. Soreng5 1Instituto de Botanica Darwinion, San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2Research and Collections Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 3Universidad de Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia, 4Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologıa Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-UNC, Cordoba, Argentina and 5Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA *For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] Received: 11 December 2015 Returned for revision: 18 February 2016 Accepted: 18 March 2016 Downloaded from Background and Aims Poa subgenus Poa supersect. Homalopoa has diversified extensively in the Americas. Over half of the species in the supersection are diclinous; most of these are from the New World, while a few are from South-East Asia. Diclinism in Homalopoa can be divided into three main types: gynomonoecism, gynodioe- cism and dioecism. Here the sampling of species of New World Homalopoa is expanded to date its origin and diver- sification in North and South America and examine the evolution and origin of the breeding system diversity. Methods A total of 124 specimens were included in the matrix, of which 89 are species of Poa supersect. http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/ Homalopoa sections Acutifoliae, Anthochloa, Brizoides, Dasypoa, Dioicopoa, Dissanthelium, Homalopoa sensu lato (s.l.), Madropoa and Tovarochloa, and the informal Punapoa group. Bayesian and parsimony analyses were conducted on the data sets based on four markers: the nuclear ribosomal internal tanscribed spacer (ITS) and exter- nal transcribed spacer (ETS), and plastid trnT-L and trnL-F. -
Fresno River Watershed Assessment Project Draft Final Report
Fresno River Watershed Assessment Project Draft Final Report Prepared for California State Department of Water Resources County of Madera By California State University, Fresno March 2010 This project was funded in part by a grant from the California Department of Water Resources and the County of Madera, California Acknowledgements Special thanks to the Central Sierra Watershed Committee for their support and feedback, which would not be possible without the leadership of Jeannie Habben. Larry Bellew, Tom Wheeler, and Jack Fry provided valuable support and local wisdom. Project director Elissa Brown navigated a diverse interests through logistics including a project freeze. The Madera County Departments of Environmental Health provided critical information and support for GIS-based data and tools. At CSU-Fresno, we thank Dr. Alice Wright and Darrin Alexander who processed all of the bacterial samples. Student Research Assistants Brett Moore, Jorge Baca, Zili He, Steven Gong, Sarah Rutherford, Thomas Gromis, Eddie Alves made the project possible. We also thank the College of Science & Mathematics and Dean Rogerson for support. Finally, thanks to the various landowners in the watershed for your generous property access and concern about your watershed. Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION Project Objectives and Tasks 2. MONITORING PLAN Background Selection of Sample Locations and Frequency General Field Measurements and Sample Collection 3. HYDROLOGY, WATER QUALITY AND FIRST FLUSH STUDY 4. SEDIMENTATION STUDY TO QUANTIFY SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT 5. BIOASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENTATION & WATER QUALITY 6. SEPTIC INFLUENCES ON FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA 7. IMPLICATIONS, DATA GAPS, AND FURTHER STUDIES REFERENCES Appendicies Literature review: Septic influences 1. INTRODUCTION The Fresno River is located in Madera County, California and is the most southerly of major east-side tributaries of the San Joaquin River (Figure 1.1). -
River West-Madera Master Plan
River West-Madera Master Plan APPENDICES Appendix A – River West-Madera Resource Assessment 39 | Page River West-Madera Master Plan River West- Madera Master Plan June 5, 2012 Resource Assessment The River West-Madera area consists of 795 acres of publicly owned land located in Madera County along the northern side of the San Joaquin River between Highway 41 and Scout Island. The Resource Assessment presents the area’s existing characteristics, as well as constraints and opportunities to future planning efforts. River West-Madera Master Plan River West-Madera Master Plan RESOURCE ASSESSMENT FIGURES ............................................................................................................................... 3 TABLES ................................................................................................................................. 4 EXISTING CHARACTERISITICS ............................................................................................. 5 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Land Use and History .............................................................................................................................. 7 Cultural History ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Sycamore Island ................................................................................................................................... -
Findings of Violation and Order of Compliance: Patrick V
Certified Mail: 7001 0320 0002 4541 0922 Return Receipt Requested Patrick Richiutti 1970 E. Birkhead Avenue Fresno, CA 93720 Re: Findings of Violation and Order for Compliance under sections 308 and 309(a) of the Clean Water Act, EPA Docket No. CWA-404-309(a)-09-005 Dear Mr. Richiutti, The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 9 (“EPA”) has information that, between at least January 2006 and January 2009, you or persons at your direction discharged dredged and/or fill material into the reach of the Fresno River that forms the southern boundary of your property, shown on the Assessor’s Parcel Map as Assessor’s Parcel Nos. 033-160-001 and 033-160-002, without authorization under section 404 of the Clean Water Act. This reach of the Fresno River is an integral part the Federal Flood Control Project designated as the Hidden Lake and Fresno River Project. EPA issues the enclosed Findings of Violation and Order for Compliance (“Order”) pursuant to sections 308 and 309(a) of the Clean Water Act. The Findings describe the nature of the violations and the Order requires you to implement a removal and restoration plan (“R/R Plan”) to remove and legally dispose of the unauthorized material and restore the affected area of the Fresno River to its previous channel dimensions and configuration. The R/R Plan must be submitted to EPA for approval and must, at the minimum, include the following components: • Removal of all unauthorized dredged and fill material from the Fresno River; • Disposal of all removed material at appropriate upland locations, -
The Vernal Pool Landscape at the Nature Conservancy's Vina Plans
The Vernal Pool Landscape At The Nature Conservancy’s Vina Plans Preserve Presentation by Barbara Castro, California Department of Water Resources Text and photographs prepared by Rob Schlising, California State University, Chico (retired) Topics I Location, and history of, Vina Plains Preserve II The results of research done at VPP: a major resource III …and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Vernal Pool Recovery Plan Red Bluff about 23 miles to the north Road in to old barn Original 1525 acres, with 4 fenced pastures Chico about 15 miles to the south Cemented volcanic mudflow underlies whole area and forms Northern Hardpan Vernal Pool bottoms paler green vegetation darker green vegetation reflects loamy soils reflects clayey soils barn Photo by Pauleen Broyles, winter 1983 Graduation of the first class of docents, spring 1983 The Nature Conservancy assembled a team of docents, spring 1983, that prepared in the field… Docents also prepared indoors. Graduation of the first class of docents, spring 1983 The Nature Conservancy hosted a dedication ceremony of the Vina Plains Preserve, at the old sheep-barn, on 16 April 1983 Mounts Lassen and Brokeoff showed that day 35 years ago 350 people attended, for a program by TNC—with a band, a catered chicken picnic lunch, and tours of the landscape by the docents. Landscape tours by the docents began for the pubic in 1984, starting from old logs located north of the sheep-barn. Over 1200 people visited VPP during the first several years of tours. The docent committee prepared a VPP handbook in 1984 (1994 revision shown) The Nature Conservancy has maintained ownership—and management—of the Preserve. -
Water Balance of Field-Excavated Aestivating Australian Desert Frogs
3309 The Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 3309-3321 Published by The Company of Biologists 2006 doi:10.1242/jeb.02393 Water balance of field-excavated aestivating Australian desert frogs, the cocoon- forming Neobatrachus aquilonius and the non-cocooning Notaden nichollsi (Amphibia: Myobatrachidae) Victoria A. Cartledge1,*, Philip C. Withers1, Kellie A. McMaster1, Graham G. Thompson2 and S. Don Bradshaw1 1Zoology, School of Animal Biology, MO92, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia and 2Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, 100 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 19 June 2006 Summary Burrowed aestivating frogs of the cocoon-forming approaching that of the plasma. By contrast, non-cocooned species Neobatrachus aquilonius and the non-cocooning N. aquilonius from the dune swale were fully hydrated, species Notaden nichollsi were excavated in the Gibson although soil moisture levels were not as high as calculated Desert of central Australia. Their hydration state (osmotic to be necessary to maintain water balance. Both pressure of the plasma and urine) was compared to the species had similar plasma arginine vasotocin (AVT) moisture content and water potential of the surrounding concentrations ranging from 9.4 to 164·pg·ml–1, except for soil. The non-cocooning N. nichollsi was consistently found one cocooned N. aquilonius with a higher concentration of in sand dunes. While this sand had favourable water 394·pg·ml–1. For both species, AVT showed no relationship potential properties for buried frogs, the considerable with plasma osmolality over the lower range of plasma spatial and temporal variation in sand moisture meant osmolalities but was appreciably increased at the highest that frogs were not always in positive water balance with osmolality recorded. -
National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996
National List of Vascular Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary Indicator by Region and Subregion Scientific Name/ North North Central South Inter- National Subregion Northeast Southeast Central Plains Plains Plains Southwest mountain Northwest California Alaska Caribbean Hawaii Indicator Range Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes FACU FACU UPL UPL,FACU Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. FAC FACW FAC,FACW Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. NI NI NI NI NI UPL UPL Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. FACU FACU FACU Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. FACU-* NI FACU-* Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. NI NI FACU+ FACU- FACU FAC UPL UPL,FAC Abies magnifica A. Murr. NI UPL NI FACU UPL,FACU Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral FACW+ FAC+ FAC+,FACW+ Abutilon theophrasti Medik. UPL FACU- FACU- UPL UPL UPL UPL UPL NI NI UPL,FACU- Acacia choriophylla Benth. FAC* FAC* Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. FACU NI NI* NI NI FACU Acacia greggii Gray UPL UPL FACU FACU UPL,FACU Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. NI FAC FAC Acacia minuta ssp. minuta (M.E. Jones) Beauchamp FACU FACU Acaena exigua Gray OBL OBL Acalypha bisetosa Bertol. ex Spreng. FACW FACW Acalypha virginica L. FACU- FACU- FAC- FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider FACU- FAC- FACU FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm. FAC* NI NI FAC* Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray) Gray FAC* FAC* Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl OBL OBL Acer circinatum Pursh FAC- FAC NI FAC-,FAC Acer glabrum Torr. FAC FAC FAC FACU FACU* FAC FACU FACU*,FAC Acer grandidentatum Nutt. -
4.9 Biological Resources
METROPOLITAN BAKERSFIELD METROPOLITAN BAKERSFIELD GENERAL PLAN UPDATE EIR 4.9 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES The purpose of this Section is to identify existing biological resources within the Metropolitan Bakersfield area. In addition, this Section provides an assessment of biological resources (including sensitive species) impacts that may result from implementation of the General Plan Update references General Plan goals and policies, and, where necessary, recommends mitigation measures to reduce the significance of impacts. This Section describes the biological character of the site in terms of vegetation, flora, wildlife, and wildlife habitats and analyzes the biological significance of the site in view of Federal, State and local laws and policies. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING The study area for the Metropolitan Bakersfield General Plan Update encompasses 408 square miles of the southern portion of the San Joaquin Valley, the southernmost basin of the Central Valley of California. Prior to industrial, agricultural and urban development, the San Joaquin Valley comprised a variety of ecological communities. Runoff from the surrounding mountains fostered hardwood and riparian forests, marshes and grassland communities. Away from the influence of the mountain runoff, several distinct dryland communities of grasses and shrubs developed along gradients of rainfall, soil texture and soil alkalinity, providing a mosaic of habitats for the assemblage of endemic plants and animals. Agriculture, urban development and oil/gas extraction have resulted in many changes in the natural environment of the San Joaquin Valley. For example, lakes and wetlands in the delta area have been drained and diverted, native plant and animal species have been lost and a decrease in the acreage of native lands has occurred. -
Sacramento Fish & Wildlife Office
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Sacramento Fish & Wildlife Office Species Account CALIFORNIA JEWELFLOWER Caulanthus californicus CLASSIFICATION: Endangered Federal Register 55:29361; July 19, 1990 http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/federal_register/fr1729.pdf (3.5 MB) STATE LISTING STATUS AND CNPS CODE: This species was listed as endangered by the California Department of Fish and Game in January 1987. The California Native Plant Society has placed it on List 1B (rare or endangered throughout its range). CRITICAL HABITAT : None designated RECOVERY PLAN : Recovery Plan for Upland Species of the San Joaquin Valley, California 1998 http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/980930a.pdf 5-YEAR REVIEW : Initiated 2006 California Jewelflower http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/federal_register/fr5047.pdf Rosalie Faubion U.S. Bureau of Reclamation DESCRIPTION: California jewelflower, is an annual herb in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). Erect, hairless stems, which are usually branching, range from less than 10 centimeters (4 inches) to more than 50 centimeters (20 inches) tall. They produce several flowering branches. The leaves are wavy-margined and most are in a basal rosette. Upper leaves are egg-shaped and clasp the stem, unlike the leaves at the base of the plant, California Jewelflower Habitat © 2009 Dr. Dean W. Taylor which are oblong. Maroon buds clustered at the tip Jepson Herbarium of the stem contrast with translucent, white flowers below. Seeds begin to germinate in the fall, and seedlings may continue to emerge for several months. The seedlings develop into rosettes of leaves during winter months, after which stems elongate and flower buds appear in February or March, blooming as late as May if rainfall and temperatures are favorable.