A School ofArchitectureandFineArt,PhayoaUniversity, Phakthima Wangyao Promote culturaltourism recognizing LocalHistoryandto trading communities Keywords: create perceptionsofthecommercialroutesthatcouldbeusefulinculturaltourism. the twoviablecommercialcommunitieswithitsarchitectureandplaces. This indicates that the storiescan Road hasstoriesthatcanbeconveyedlinking interviews itwasfoundthattheareaalongPhaholyothin center ofMueangPhayao. commercial There arefourpatternsofshopsandhouses.Fromthesurvey the past, and the Mueang PhayaoMarket community operatedby Teochiu Chinese,whichis now the main of prosperity the from significances in decreased has it recently Chinese, Hainan by operated been have of Tai Yai andBurmesewhichiscurrentlyclosed,theNongRa-bucommunity in whichmost of theshops theSop-Tamcommunities knownasthe following: are threeexistingcommercial commercial community four groups whichweredeterminedby the characteristics of the area. Basedonthe study of data, there surveys. as conducting dataaswell physical historical and collecting into was divided The areastudied in thecommunity.of people the perceptions styles, and architectural were for research used The methods informationtopromoteculturaltourism,astudyofPhayao’sits history, commercialcommunityincluded built anewcity at the foot of Phu Kham Yao hill(Doi AbStrAct started in the 18 Thailand. It is presumedthat Mueang Phayaowas asimportantanyothercityinNorthern has been isacitywithlonghistoryandit Mueang Phayao Introduct 1 Volume 15,December2018 Nakhara: JournalofEnvironmentalDesignandPlanning P Kriengsak Chaidarun, Kriengsak cities ofPhayao. and old zones Ancient Study ofPhayao’s Historical evacuated people from and relocated them the city of Phayao. In order to gain useful to gain them thecityofPhayao.Inorder relocated and from Lampang people evacuated WongLuang years afterChao tobeacitywithhistoryofmorethan700 is considered hayao had Phayao,commercialcommunity, culturaltourism,NongRa-bu, architectural patternsofPhayao th Buddhist century. King Jom Dharm A StudyofPhayao’s HistoricalTrading CommunitiestoEncourageRecognizingLocalHistoryandPromoteCulturalTourism i on pronunciation oftoday’s Phayao. to Phu-Yao orPyaoandagainmodulatedto the the pronunciation of this name was transformed Phu Khao Yao,mountainous state. meaning Then River (Sai-Ta River). The king namedthis new city Chompoo orDoiDuan)whichislocated nearthe Ing and 19 : Nakhon news publishing, B.E.2558 (2015). P.B.E.2558 (2015). publishing, news : Nakhon 43-44 th toEncourage Buddhist Buddhist centuries,Phayaogoverned itself 1 Duringthe18 th

Nakhara 31 Nakhara 32 abandoned villagesofMueangPhayao. reclaim the city and renovate the temples in the to The populacemigratedfromLampangprovince Inn) tobePhrayaPrathetUthidgovernthecity. brother ofMueangLampanggovernor, PhraNakhon- Wongthe Buddha WongLuang orChao (a younger city oftheLampangprovince.Healsoappointed setting upthecityofMueangPhayaoasanoutpost in B.E.1843(1300).HisMajestytheKingapproved III Rama of King the reign there for56yearsuntil Pong Suk Tai in Lampamg province and resided Baan to fled then populace Phayao’s of All failed. rebelled against Burma, however the rebellion 200 years. In B.E.2330 (1787) Mueang Phayao for over ofBurma the colony Mai, hadbeen Chiang Kingdom, whichconsistedof Mueang Phayaoand 3 2 Aerial pictureshowingMueangPhayao cityandtheareasnearby Figure 1: lake, a major source of water, is located in the centre- NongEang). or PhayaoLake(formerlycalled The the (or Sai-Ta River) with the Kwaan Phayao Phayaoislocatedinthebasinof Currently Mueang W The 21 a colonyofChiangMaiundertheLannaKingdom. during B.E.1877-1879 (1334-1336), Phayao became Mueng, Ngam Phaya ofKing after theautonomy in theeraof King PhayaNgamMueang.However, stateanditwasveryprosperous as anindependent rather thanresidency area ofagriculture Kwan Phayaoisan The westernpartof prosperity. Later in B.E.2101 (1558) its highest it achieved Phayao. DuetoBuddhism Yutthathithira, was the golden age of Mueang ia Kriengsak Chaidarun, Ancient zonesandold citiesofPhayao.:Nakhonnewspublishing,B.E.2558(2015).P. 202 Sujit Wongtes ,editor, Historysocialandculture ofPhayao.(:MatichonPublishing,(1989)P ng P st Buddhist century, Buddhist of Phraya intheperiod ha y a o

2 , the Lanna city fromtheenemyorwasusedasareservoir an ancientcommunitywherethemoatprotected town called Wiang Phayao. The word Wiang refers to The eastern part of Kwaan Phayao consists of an old of contemporarysociety. inthecontext Phayao whereitisrapidlyexpanding it hasrecentlybecomethedowntownofMueang and populated densely is more Phayao of Mueang involved inagriculture.However, theeasternpart is mainly city isnotandthepopulace overcrowded Phayao. of Mueang area by thewestern ville The This commercial community beganinthe19 community This commercial trading marketfor Tai Yai andBurmesepeople. Tamthe moat,wasamajor Market,locatedoutside zones ofthecity.the majortrading became Sop- the current Phaholyothin Road. These communities Phaholyothin Road.In Currently, WiangPhayaoiscrossedbythe surrounded bythemoat. it is presumed that the city walls and gates were and themoatditchesarestillvisible.Furthermore, of Wiang Phayao is similarto a rectangularshape Phayao. Mueang of center governing baseThe The city became very prosperous and is today’s Phraya Yutthathithira Phayao. governedMueang nearby, therearethreetraditionalcommunitiesalong Phayao Market. Referenced evidence indicates evidence Referenced Market. Phayao moat area,wereNongRa-BuMarketandMueang The oldtradingzones,whichwerelocatedwithinthe Buddhist century, but it is no longer in operation. of the 21 is presumedthatWiangPhayaodatestotheperiod st Buddhist century, which wasthe time that Wiang Phayao and the areas Wiang Phayaoandtheareas ​​ populated community center andadensely Kwan Phayaoisthecity The easternpartof .50 )

3 . It th

Chinese and TaiChinese Yaimerchants played themostimportantroleswereHaw However,Moulmein. of merchantswho thegroup from Burmese merchants State, and from theShan of Hawcattle traders from Yunnan, Tai Yai merchants of goods. exchange Trade theprocessions included commercial centerofMueangPhayao. Wiang PhayaoMarkethascurrentlybecomethe inthepast.Oncontrary,from itsprosperity the significantly decreased has Market Ra-bu Nong 19 The tradeduringtheLannaperiod,inearly of The 19 that the communities were founded during the Phayao communities commercial The roadandtheold Figure 2: 4 to trade goods. They startedbypeddlingtheirwares and Burmesemerchants traveled to the communities the great increase indemand for goodsmany Tai Yai migrations and the cities were widely expanded. With Tong andSulabours. As aresult,thereweremany Yai labours to be the taskmasters of Khmu, Kha, which caused an increase in hiring Burmese and Tai treaty servingtheBritishtimberbusiness. A business grown twofold. This wasduetoaportionofthe had Kingdom and theLanna the portofMoulmein B.E.2398 (1855),trading acrosstheborderbetween After the Bowring Treaty withtheBritishEmpirein (Burma) –ChiangRaiPhayaoPhraeUttaradit. as follows: route being Tali(Yunnan) –Chiang Tung ran throughthe city of Mueang Phayao. The main th th and21 Buddhistcentury, consistedofcross-border Kriengsak Chaidarun, Ancient zonesandold citiesofPhayao.:Nakhonnewspublishing,B.E.2558(2015).P. 77 M comm u ae st Buddhistcenturiesrespectively. The ng P e A StudyofPhayao’s HistoricalTrading CommunitiestoEncourageRecognizingLocalHistoryandPromoteCulturalTourism rc ha ial y a commun o 4 . Their tradingroutes i of Wiang t ies

pharmacist, buildingcontractor, craftsman. many new careers in the communities, such as and eventuallysettlingdown. This settlingcaused and Burmese dwellers Burmese and past, Sop-Tam wasacommunityof Tai In Yai the (Shans) stationed. are fisheries current where area the in River Ing the near Phayao, Kwan into flows Sop-Tam referstotheareawhere Tam River Sop- (Kriengsak Chaidarun,:2015) Sop-Tamincluding northern partsofThailand tradingzone to tradeintheburgsof Cattle transportedgoods Figure 3: railway arriving in Lampang in B.E.2459 (1916). The to build anewlocalmarketandthenorthern run businessinWiangPhayao;theinvestment encouraged themigrationofChinesepeopleto of MueangPhayaowasdeveloped. Two mainfactors two years. Then inB.E.2445 (1902),thelocalmarket a busySop-Tamfor almost Marketwasabandoned due to fear of arrest by theSiamgovernment. Thus, Tai Yai peoplewholivedinPhayaohadto evacuate LampangandPhayao.Consequently,, the Yaiin thecityof andBurmeseriotedplundered of ShansinB.E.2445(1902),theeventwhich Tai Sop-Tam Marketstartedtodeclineaftertherebellion local market ofMueangPhayaostillremainedsmall. Sop-TamWhile from Moulmein. products grew, the were many goods traded here, especially foreign center for Tai Yai and Burmesemerchants. There Sop-Tam tradingzonewhichbecameamajor the growing economycausedthe expansion of the T am tradingzone

4 . After theBowring Treaty,

Nakhara 33 Nakhara 34 “ Mueang Phayao Another namefortheareawas bu becamealargemarketfortheswinetradein crops were also exported to other cities. Nong Ra- instead of growing crops only for local consumption, deal. This change greatly impacted local agriculture; the economy of Mueang Phayao changed a great Mai, Chiang to Lampang from railway of expansion forest products andagricultural crops. With the supplement their income. After that they also traded involved intheswinetradeandgrewvegetablesto community to settle down. They were mostly Hainan Chinese, emigrated to the Nong Ra-bu B.E.2459 (1916),manyChinesepeople,including When thenorthernrailwayarrivedinLampang government pawnshop. Nong Ra-buwhichwaslocatedinbackoftoday’s called swampysection, past, therewasalarge that weresomewhatdistantfromthetown.In because most of the people lived in the rural areas weren’t anydenselypopulateddistrictsatthattime the IngRiverandthencutintodowntown. There Hai andBaanMae-Sai.Onehadtouseditcross city there was only a road connecting Baan Rong- that era,NongRa-buwasjustaforest. To get to the Tai Yai andBurmesemerchants.However, before Market whichwasabigcommercialcommunityfor of Nong Ra-Bu thrived in the same era as Sob-Tam 6 5 Lam-Bu which means a cannon. the word“NongRa-Bu”isderivedfrom routes calledPhaholyothinRoad.Furthermore, connected tothemaintradingandtransportation near theeasternmoatofWiangPhayao,whichis Nong Ra-Bu is atraditional community located N people whostilllivedinthearea. amount of of asmaller as theexistence well Tai Yai the Sop-Tamwhy that as abandoned, Marketwas in thecityasitwasn’ttoofaraway. This isthereason prosperous. People were infavourof shopping more Mueang PhayaoMarketwasdevelopedandbecame attack MueangPhayao,thereby, PhayaSaiLue-Tai hadtowithdrawthetroopsoutofMueang Phayao. (cannon), and then fired on the tower of Baan Nong-Tao where the troops of Phaya Sai Lue-Tai used as a bridgehead to each othertotakethebrasstileroofofvihara Wathelped Phayao people to piecesmold“Lambu” Mahaphon Mae the route through by using Mai Chiang troops toattackMueang YomPhayao. Mueang and course river At thattime, Lue-Tai,Sai referred tothearmyofPhaya Boonnak) the marched had the king In B.E.1942(1399), of Sukhothai. the king Nong Ra- ong The name“Lambu”thatwasmentioned inthechronicleof Y Kriengsak Chaidarun, Kriengsak Ancient R a-bu tradingzone bu, the place of stinky pig feces” zones and old cities of Phayao. : Nakhon news publishing, B.E.2558 (2015). P.B.E.2558 (2015). publishing, news : Nakhon cities ofPhayao. and old zones 62-68 5 The community The . The Mueang Phayao not having any mills the merchants Mueang Phayaonothavinganymillsthemerchants of the community since B.E.2464 (1921). Due to had beenconsideredapopulareconomicproduct (Kriengsak Chaidarun,:2015) A PorkbutcherinNongRa-buarea Figure 4: (Kriengsak Chaidarun,:2015) The stateofshopsinfrontthericemill Figure 5: further tradeinBangkok sold thegoodstomerchantsfromLampang vanish wood,animalskin. The shopownersthen traded agriculturalproductssuchaslac,honey, capital, opened new stores of consumer goods and this reason,someswinetraders,whohadenough due tothehighdemandsofporkinBangkok.For became a success,especiallyinB.E.2464(1921), swine trade of the Hainan Chinese merchants onok intheversionof (Cham Phraya Prakijkorachak

6 Moreover, unmilledrice among northern people. or chewingtea-leaveswhich wasverypopular trade forest goods such as lac, animal horns, honey Rai who came to Mueang Phyao market tended to . Traders fromWiangPa-pao,Chiang pans orpots, and also merchants from DoiSa-ked, Chinese from Yunnan who generally traded pottery, tended totradeingarmentsandapparel,theHaw merchants includedthe Tai Yai andBurmesewho traveling toMueangPhayaotradegoods. These there weremoremerchantsfromothercities residence, currentlythe Than Thong Hotel.Later, carrying goodstosellinfrontofthegovernor’s the site of the primeval trade started by the villagers inherited sincetheeraofChaoLuangWong. Itis the MueangPhayaoMarkethasbeenownedand 56 yearsofabandonment. The landcontaining the troops and people back to reclaim the city after of MueangPhayaoinB.E.2386(1843).Heledall (Phraya Prathet Uthid), who was the first governor Wong Luang Chao by donated was land the in theperiodof21stBuddhistcentury where Phayao. Wiang A founded community traditional The MueangPhayaoMarketwasthecenterof M community onlyduringspecialevents. some movedfartherawayandcamebacktothe crops. Someownersleasedtheirshops,while are onlyafewshopsthatstilltradeinagricultural shops graduallycloseddown. At present,there gradually declined due to lackof inheritors and the in operation. The swinetrade byHainanChinese the ricetrade. Today, thereisonlyonericemill Four ricemillswerebuiltcausingaprosperityin the communitytoinvestinricemillbusiness. merchants from who flowed into again. This time, there were many Hainan Chinese which resultedabustlingNongRa-bucommunity announced thecancellationofrestrictedareas stagnant. After theWorld War II,thegovernment that was largely operated by the Chinese, became province. Forthisreason,thetradinginPhayao, Pong districtwhichatthattimewasapartofNan who lived in Mueang Phayao had to evacuate to the regions. Therefore, in B.E.2486 (1943), all Chinese concerning immigrants in all areas of the northern prime minister at that time, announced the policy begun, FieldMarshalP. Pibulsongkram,the In B.E.2484(1941),whentheWorld War IIhad there, then afterwards it was delivered to Bangkok. brought thericetoLampangprovincebemilled ueang Phayaotradingzone A StudyofPhayao’s HistoricalTrading CommunitiestoEncourageRecognizingLocalHistoryandPromoteCulturalTourism (Kriengsak Chaidarun,:2015) Mueang PhayaoMarketinB.E.2476(1933) Figure 6: Prasat bought morelandnearbytobuild a new Mueang PhayaoMarket.Moreover, LuangSitthi moved fromLampangto settle intheareaof the increase inthenumberof Teochiu Chinesewho goods. This developmentwasalsofurtheredbythe in Phayao’s economyduetobeingableexport Northern RailwayinLampang causedanexpansion in themarket.InB.E.2459(1916),arrivalof the business, thence, LuangSitthiPrasat invested from withdrew shareholders someofthe reason, people stillwenttoSop-Tam Market. Forthis the businessdidn’trunaswellexpectedbecause Market. this wastobuildanewmarket, Although land atthe T-junction infrontofMueangPhayao (ChaoLuangWong)Prathet Udonthid toinvestin roads, dredgingthecanalsandenjoiningPhraya the constructing Phayao; of Mueang development Sitthi Prasat(KlaaiBussaban),whoinitiatedthe Luang was name his appointed, was officer district chief first the therefore, Thesaphiban, to system In B.E.2475 (1932), the government changed its (Kriengsak Chaidarun,:2015) demolished. located infrontofWat LuangRajasthan.It was already Phisit Kayakorn, Luang row houseforrentalong Wooden Figure 7:

Nakhara 35 Nakhara 36 7 road fromBangkoktoChiang Rai),itgivesaccess a T-junction of the new Phaholyothin Road, (the Road is a main transportation route. Starting from in operation and still trading goods. Phaholyothin Mueang Phayaocommercialcommunitiesarestill Tam zonehasbeenclosed,butNongRa-bu and At present,thecommercialcommunityofSop- C young investors of LuangPrasitPrasatsoldthemarketbusinessto mornings. IntheyearB.E.2527(1984),inheritors in the could sellfreshfoodandvegetables people spaceinbackofthemarketlocal in thewide-open temporarily movedto Wiang Kaewyard. Additionally, shopswere all construction the years. During Luang Prasit Prasat built a new market within two structures caused an economic disruption. However, were all made of wood. The loss of goods and andshopswhich the houses and damaged losses huge caused (1962), B.E.2505 March in fire big A stores wereopened. the businesses reverted to original owners andmore of restrictedareas,all the cancellation announced were bornin Thailand. Whenthegovernment orrelativeswho transferring themtotheirchildren Chinese ownerspreservedtheirpropertiesby area, whichcaused‘puttinguptheshutters’. The forbidding immigrants to own land in the forbidden (1941), the government announced the policy lands were traded by former governors. In B.E.2484 owned bytheChinesewhosettled there becausethe became as thelandandmarketareasgradually Mueang PhayaoMarketwasrespectivelyprosperous to build25woodenrentalrooms. farmer, hadrentedthe landof Wat LuangRajasthan tax Nukul, anopium of LuangSrinakara comrade rental properties.Later, Luang PisitKayakorn,the to the T-junctionas built market were ofthedaily row houses located from in front of the Wattana Hotel former market. storey At thesametime,single residence closeto the in theareaofgovernor’s Prathet Uthid,investedinthemorningmarketlocated Also, ChaoMaeWai Sii Ti-San, thewifeofPhraya Sop-Tam the of place the totake market Market. commun urr Kriengsak Chaidarun, Kriengsak Ancient e nt i ty s

7 who modernizedthemarket. t a tu s oft zones and old cities of Phayao. : Nakhon news publishing, B.E.2558 (2015). P.B.E.2558 (2015). publishing, news : Nakhon cities ofPhayao. and old zones 90-95 he

alternatives channelsinrunning businesscentered that the changes inthe state of society causes Ithasbeenfound past. and unmilledriceinthe indicate the prosperity of trading agricultural goods province. Lampang from investors tracesThese three ricemillswhichbelongedtoHainanChinese (a formertannery). According tothepast,therewere as afew agricultural goods stores or anoldrice mill associated with the Nong Ra-bu community, such is not limited. There are still traces of prosperity closed down, therefore, the expansion of stores opened combined with stores that have already Along thisroutetherearestoresthatstill daeng’s shop and runs to the M.C.C Trading. It’s theareaoutside moat andstartsat Tuek- former Sop-Tam and the Nong Ra-bu community. Area A isconsideredaboundarybetweenthe station. the intersectionatMueangPhayaodistrictpolice Mueang Phayao Market’s T-junction by passing road whichconnectsNongRa-bu’s T-junction to Market’s T-junction. Don Sa-nam is also another the citypillarshrine(areaD)toMueangPhayao at NongRa-bu’s T-junction, continues through road, PhaholyothinRoad. The connectionstarts The twocommunitiesareconnectedbythemain Mueang Phayaocommercialcommunity(areaC). Nong Ra-bucommercialcommunity(areaB)and there aretwoimportantcommercialcommunities; outside themoat(area A). Insidethehistoricalmoat, road runs along the stores and houses in the area was the area of Sop-Tam Market in the past. The which station fisheries the of bridge the to closed to thedowntownofPhayaocity. However, itis Phaholyothin Road. Showing thesegmentationofcommunitiesalong Figure 8: in theoppositedirectionofKwanPhayaolakeside Showing thepicturesofbuildingsinarea A (1), Figure 9: perfect condition. Also, storesofconsumer houses andstoreswhichareinasomewhat Presently, therearestillmanyexistingoldwooden which havebeenbuilttowardsDonSa-namRoad. in the past. There is a density of houses and stores community center which had been very prosperous police station. This area is considered to be a nam Road and ending at ’s vegetarian restaurant,andcontinuesintoDonSa- then passingtheNongRa-bu’s T-junction atthe starting from the moat area at M.C.K. Trading Area BisthecommercialcenterofNongRa-bu consumer goods. already beencloseddecidedtoopenwithadditional the community. However, someshopswhichhad closed, causing astagnation of business within interested in inheriting them many stores and shops However, as many businesses didn’t have anyone on tradingagriculturalcrops and agricultural goods. in theoppositedirectionofKwan Phayaolakeside Showing thepicturesofbuildings inareaB(1), Figure 11: A StudyofPhayao’s HistoricalTrading CommunitiestoEncourageRecognizingLocalHistoryandPromoteCulturalTourism to MueangPhayaoMarket’s T-junction. There isa Market’s T-junction thenpassesthecitypillarshrine Ra-bu Nong at shop stove the from starts area The community andMueangPhayaoMarketcommunity. Area D is the boundary between Nong Ra-bu properties of Teochiu Chineseremaining. there arenotmanyoldwoodenhousesandoriginal (1962) B.E.2505 in fire big the to Due T-junction. houses inthe areaof the MueangPhayaoMarket’s commercial center with a density of shops and the mobile shop. It is presently Mueang Phayao’s A-khet Market to Phaholyothin Road and ending at station with Don Sa-nam Road passing the Phayao starting fromMueangPhayaodistrict’s police Area CistheMueangPhayaoMarketcommunity contemporarily designedbuildings. young investorsoperatingnewbusinesseswithin goods and services remainwhile there are more of theKwanPhayaolakeside Showing thepicturesofbuildingsinarea A (2) Figure 10: of theKwanPhayaolakeside Showing thepicturesofbuildings inareaB(2) Figure 12:

Nakhara 37 Nakhara 38 the followingdefinitions: the Building Control Act B.E. 2522 (1979) determined The MinisterialRegulationNo. 55issuedbyvirtueof commun M Arc the citypillarshrine. the area of Mueang Phayao Market’s T-junction to However, therearemodernterracedbuildingsin Nong Ra-bucommunityinareaBtoWat Rajkrueh. shops scatteredaroundtheareathatconnects the T-junction area. There arestilloldhousesand modern stylewiththeexceptionofbuildingsin Market’s T-junction. Most of the buildings are of a Ra-bu Market’s T-junction andMueangPhayao density of shops and stores in the area of Nong by thesideofMueangPhayaoMarket Showing thepicturesofbuildingsinareaD(1) Figure 15: by thesideofMueangPhayaoMarket Showing thepicturesofbuildingsinareaC(1) Figure 13: u ea hi ng P t e ctur i ty ha y al a o’

s s ty comm les of e rc ial

in theoppositedirectionofMueangPhayaoMarket Showing thepicturesofbuildingsinareaC(2), Figure 14: the oppositedirectionfromMueangPhayaoMarket Showing thepicturesofbuildingsinareaD(2), Figure 16: may beusedforcommercialpurpose in distancefrom a road or public way and which constructed 20.00 metersorless any building or less.Itincludes capacity of5horsepower or industry using machines with aproduction for commercialpurposes,services, used means abuilding building” “Commercial constructed withfire-resistantmaterials by awallandmajor part of the buildingis unit separated each with a row in constructed “Terracedtwo unitsormore contains building” has wallsbetweenpillars a rowhouse while pillars between walls have not that does (Ruean-Pae) “Huean-Pae” called to arowhouse is similar which building another is also There materials. fire-resistant not are used Most ofthematerials by awall. separated in a row of two units or more andeachunitis “Row house”meansabuildingconstructed Showing thelocationsandbuilding patterns,categoryB Figure 18: 2. Showing thelocationsandbuildingpatterns,category A Figure 17: 1. follows: as groups, five into divided are styles Architectural categories; divided are which Shops oftwo-storeyrowhousedesign storeyrowhouse Shops constructedasasingle B: C: A:

houses withgableroofs 26 singlestoreyRuean- and 15degreeofroofslope roof with gable 8 two-storeyrowhouses hip roof,orgableroof 18 two-storeyrowhouseswithgableroof, by the buildings’ appearance into two A StudyofPhayao’s HistoricalTrading CommunitiestoEncourageRecognizingLocalHistoryandPromoteCulturalTourism Pae androw Showing thelocationsandbuilding patterns,categoryC Figure 19:

Nakhara 39 Nakhara 40 Showing thelocationsandbuildingpatterns,categoryE Figure 21: Showing thelocationsandbuildingpatterns,categoryD Figure 20: 3. appearance intotwocategories; buildings whicharedividedbythebuildings’ Shops oflessthanfour-storey,terraced modern E: 44terracedbuildings D: 15terracedbuildingsinaboxshape panels a collocation of elevations andsunscreen in aboxshapewith Showing thelocationsandbuilding patterns,categoryD Figure 24: Othercommercialbuildings 5. Showing thelocationsandbuildingpatterns,categoryF Figure 22: of thepost- interracedbuildings Shopslocated 4. appearance intotwocategories; by thebuildings’ modern stylewhicharedivided G: 14 terraced buildings in a box shape with in aboxshape buildings G: 14terraced with in aboxshape F: 14terracedbuildings H: 14buildings used for special purpose such foreign architecturalfeatures different patternsandfigures as aricemillorhotel. A StudyofPhayao’s HistoricalTrading CommunitiestoEncourageRecognizingLocalHistoryandPromoteCulturalTourism Showing thelocationsandbuildingpatterns,categoryG Figure 23:

Nakhara 41 Nakhara 42 buildings than rowhouses;41 terracedhousesand buildings compared to the other areas with more terraced buildings In areaC,therearethemostly terraced mill isstillinoperation. 19 housesrespectively. Also, in this areaonerice row house than terracedbuildings: 13 housesand hip roof. As in section A there are fewer numbersof roof, orgable roof, hip withgable storey rowhouses the styleoftwo-storeyrowhouse. There are9two- In areaB, there stillremainshousesandshopsin of theoldricemills as hotelsorrestaurants.Plus,therearestilltraces as well addition, therearesometerracedbuildings 11building; housesand18respectively. In remaining. There are fewer row houses than terraced the style of single storey and two-storeyrowhouses In area A, therearestillmanyhousesandshopsin T as follows: indifferentof buildings aresummarized categories thenumber styles, architectural surveyof a on Based D Categories able 1: raC5 1 Area C Area B Area A raD1 3 12 Area D istribution ofarchitecturalstyles Building /Area The summaryofthenumberbuildingcategoriesinfourareas (house) Single- A : Single-storey Ruean- House Storey Row

4 Pae and row house with gable roof Two-Storey RowHouse B : Two-storey row

2 9 4 house with gable roof,

hip roof, or gable hip (hou+se) roof

C : Two-storey row 2 3 3 - house with gable roof and 15 degree of roof slope

D : Terraced building in Less thanFour-Storey Modern Terraced 66 16 3 41 8 13 14 6 7 - box shape wooden row housesinarea B, wooden which isconsidered the distribution of single storey and two-storeyold Mueang Phayao’scommunity, commercial thereis When comparing NongRa-bu’s communityand new buildingswereconstructed. many Market Phayao Mueang of fire big the After there areas25terracedhousesand15rowhouses. Market’sPhayao of Mueang T-junction.In thisarea buildings inaboxshapespreadthroughoutthearea bu’s T-junctionterraced andthereare16modern houses whichare located inthe area of Nong Ra- In area D, there are 12singlestoreywoodenrow with theotherfourareas. in areaCcompared densityofbuildings the highest is that there it isfound Market inB.E.2505(1962), 9 row houses. Due to the big fire of Mueang Phayao Building (house)

E : Terraced Building 7 7 in box shape with the collocation of elevation and sunscreen panel Less thanFour-Storey F : Terraced building in Post-Modern Terraced 6 4 box shape with different Building

patterns and figures (house)

G : Terraced building 6 - - in box shape with the foreign architectural pattern (Rice mill1) (Rice mill1) (house) H : Building used for Others 4 4 7 - special purpose remember andtheirperceptions areasfollows: related tothecommunitys’ histories that people still are 50 years old or over. The events and places to the communitys’ histories, especiallythosewho community havememoriesand perceptionaccording while 39.29% have rented the building. People inthe employees. 60.71%havepossessedthebuilding inhabitants, 98.21% arethe ownerswhile1.79% are Phayao native inhabitants and 26.79% are not native level,73.21%are thanbachelor 17.86% ofhigher with 82.14% of undergraduate educational leveland 66.07% arefemale,theaverageageis57yearsold, tenants aremalewhile or building owners business of theareaareasfollows:33.93% demographics which are houses set amongst the shops. The Phayao Markethave168storesintotal,someof Currently theNongRa-buMarket and theMueang t P the areaofNongRa-buMarket. Marketismorecongestedthanin Mueang Phayao buildings. The densityof buildings in theareaof the buildings whicharelessthanthenumberofterraced community,commercial therearefeweroldwooden Phayao’s IntheMueang operating. still mill rice one and service not in mill rice such asoneold places community. of important the remains Also, thereare periodofaprosperoustrading constructed duringthe D). The structures were thecontemporarybuildings and intheareaofNongRa-bu’s T-junction (area also builtintheareaoutsideofmoat(area A) Ra-bu. as communitycenterofNong These were Showing thecomparisonsofdensitydifferentbuildinglocationsClassifiedbyfloorplansbuildings Figure 25: hei e o ple r his

i n t tor A StudyofPhayao’s HistoricalTrading CommunitiestoEncourageRecognizingLocalHistoryandPromoteCulturalTourism he i c commun al

pe rc ep i ty t a i on nd s Map showingshoplocationsofthe Interviewees Figure 27: Showing thegroupsofbuildingsclassifiedbyareas Figure 26:

Nakhara 43 Nakhara 44 also however, onlyonericemillremainsinthearea.It an indicatorofeconomicsituationsinthepast, was mentionedagreatdealbecauseofitbeing Diagram showinginterviewinformation fromarea A-D Figure 28: to swinefarmingthathavebeenproducedsince community, the in related products about learns one community.commercial Bytalkingwiththepeople occupations. popular Area Bwasaveryprosperous swine farmingandtradingagriculturalcropswere mill which still operates in the area. In the past, a multipurposeyard.Moreover, thereisalsoarice government pawnshop. Currently it has become which wasahugeswamplocatedinbackofthe place that people still remember is Nong Ra-bu cooked sticky rice, are stillsoldintheshop. Another wickerworks, stoves, agricultural equipment, and of atwo-storey woodenhouse. Goods, such as T-junctionpattern whichstillmaintainstheoriginal located intheareaofNongRa-buMarket’s that havebeenmentioned.Oneisastoveshop community. There aremanyarchitecturalbuildings 2) which isacommunityfartheraway. to producebricksinthesubdistrictofMaeSai, feed theswine;andbrickeriesthatusedricehusks in NongRa-bucommunity, thatusedricebranto farming, whichisthe mainoccupation of the people swine flour; rice from made were noodles whose careers include noodle shops (Tuek- related totheoperationofricemill. These there areadditionalcareersinthecommunity shops duetotheincreaseintraveling.Moreover, food andbeverageshops,orautopartsrepair community, manynewbusinessesarosesuchas in the past. When area A became a commercial derived from the wholesale of agricultural crops 1) signifies the prosperity in this area that was that area this in prosperity the signifies Area B isthecenter In area A, thearchitectureofricemill of the Nong Ra-bu daeng shops) 3) still inoperation. Currently atraditionalHainanchickenriceshopis Presently, they arestillbeingsoldinlocalgroceries. and the 4) community. the (1962), thatcausedchaosandhugelydamaged B.E.2505 in fire big the remember always People products, preferredtobuyandtradegoldinthearea. farmers, whohadincomesfromtradingagricultural shop and various pharmacies. In former times, many carriedontoday,still being such asagoldsmith’s prosperous times. Some historic businesses are old movietheater. These weredeveloped during people stillmention;themainbus terminal andthe that over timethereareotherplaces has changed Awas andWat Luang Rajasthan. Although thearea in theareasofWathouses thatareremaining Chai most are the two-storeyandsinglestoreywooden community. The that buildings werementionedthe in theNongRa-bu are notasclearthepeople The historicalperceptionsofpeopleinthisarea trading centerandtoday’s commercialcenter. Phayao Market which is the consumer goods Yai former times;Yai Phayao Market. trading goods in this area due to the fire of Mueang moved hereandbegan temporarily (1962), people yard inthecommunity.a multipurpose In B.E.2505 was which Kaew Wiang called thepastwas in shrine the city’s history. trading The areaofthecity’s pillar to the mostinrelation have mentioned that people shrine of thepillar is thearea area The citycenter area, therearehousesandshopsalongtheroad. - Wimol sai- Area C is Area D connects the Nong Ra-bu community Ra-bu Area DconnectstheNong Mueang PhayaoMarket community. In the aua, the community of the Mueang - Dur pickledporksausage,and

Je- Hiang Chinese sausages. 1. are asfollows: important placeswithhighculturalvalues. Those Road, the main transport route. There are many commercial communitieslyingalongPhaholyothin Phayao’s commercial communities are traditional with thehistoryofarea.Ra-bu’s andMueang It isalsoameanstoclearlyconnectthelifestyle architecture, people could easily perceive the history. tourism. cultural including or Through theseplaces in variousdimensions, can beusedanddeveloped result in the identity or prominence of the area. These demonstrated the status andvalue of the area which the perceptions of people in the community have Historical information,architecturalpatterns,and commun his V Pictures showingtheplacespeoplealwaysmentionandarestillremembered Figure 29: 2. al There are places or archit the the historythrough to perceive It iseasier people in the area and the traditional customs the traditional and in thearea people the interactionsof use ofthosehasindicated duties. and activities noticeable The clearly in different dimensions effectsgreatly of itspopulation theperception in theMueangPhayaoMarketcommunity wooden rowhousesamongterracedbuildings Nong Ra-bu community and the infiltration of the row housesinthe of wooden the concentration differing business. However, fromtheoriginal changed to be usedfor other tradingpurposes buildings arenotutilisedasbeforeorsomewere wooden rowhousesorthericemill.Some are stillsimilartotheoldpatternssuchas The layouts of the buildingandthe living spaces tory u e ecture with clear physical descriptions. oft , i a ty tr rc A StudyofPhayao’s HistoricalTrading CommunitiestoEncourageRecognizingLocalHistoryandPromoteCulturalTourism he hi

a a architecture that still perform architecture that still perform t r d e ea i ctur t i : on. e , a nd multipurpose yard. Ra-bu that was a huge swamp, but currently is a at MueangPhayaoMarket,and theareaofNong Market, theareaofbusterminal Phayao Mueng of situation fire the from escaped who merchants city’s pillarshrinethatwasanopenspacetosupport yard intheareaofWiangKaeworpresently present Than operates, the Thong hotelnolonger residence orthe in frontof the formergovernor’s market the morning closed, Market thathasbeen areas: theSop-Tamcan benotedbythefollowing in some places have been changed completely. This such asMae-Wimol sai -aua. of space Also, theuse style, theystillsellgoodsorproductsasbefore, buildings have beenchanged to amoremodern or businesshavebeenchanged.Whilesome maintain their originalstyle whilegoodsandproducts the areaof Nong Ra-bu’s T-junction. Some buildings original buildings like a stove shop which is located in being sold as before. People still recognize the or productsthatrelatedtopeople’s customarestill buildings the former floor patterns remain and goods in thecommunity.of people remembrance In some physical descriptionsandcustoms, as well as the The diagramsshowtherelationshipsbetween 3. pharmacies, andgoldshops. spicy sausage), Hainan chicken rice, various (Northern Thai pickled porksausage,sai-aua related to the local history are the making of Occupations or goods that are particularly and agriculturalequipment. T-junction that still sells agricultural products Ra-bu Market,the stove shop in the area of of themultipurposeyardinareaNong (cham chu-ri)whichnowbecomesalandmark rice mill,alargeraintree such astheremaining Some traditional customs have continued.

Nakhara 45 Nakhara 46 its physicalculturalheritageand traces. which iscurrentlythecitycenter, hasnotmaintained and architecture. While the Mueang Phayao Market, its history retained has generally still theareawhich than informertimes,itis prosperous less relatively Although thecurrentNongRa-bucommunityis businesses. Severalofwhichstill operate today. into both communities to settle down andruntheir many HainanChineseand Teochiumoved Chinese time thatarrivedinLampang, the Northernrailway the During moat. the inside located communities community remain,bothofwhicharetraditional Market Phayao Mueang and community Ra-bu Tam communitythat is presentlyclosed. Only Nong of community Tai Yai Sop- named Burmese and commercial a had Phayao times, former the In C living traditionsthatpeoplemention Showing thelocationsrelatedto Figure 32: Map showingthelocationsofsinglestoreyrowhouses Figure 30: onc l u si on s have beenmentioned Showing thelocationsofbuildingthat Figure 33: by helping them acknowledge the value ofthearea. thevalue themacknowledge by helping has asentimental valueto people inthe community empirical evidenceofculturalpersistence.Italso culture anditsarchitecturalvalue. All ofwhichis historical valuethatdeeplycontainstherootsof of commercialareasMueangPhayaowithits customs. The map also demonstrates the potential of shops andtheir concern towards traditional related tolocalhistoryincludesthelocations in thecommunitymentioned. Their perceptions houses, the sites, and architecture that people Road aswellthelocationsofwoodenrow Mueang PhayaoalongtheformerPhaholyothin shows the locations of the three communities of customs ofthepeopleinterviewed. The diagram areas’ histories,importantarchitecture,and The mapabovepresentstheconclusionof Map showingthelocationsoftwo-storeyrowhouses Figure 31: mentioned Showing placesthathavebeen Figure 34:

in theareathathasencouragedfurther perceptions:stoveshophouseandone-stoery Picture showinganexampleof activity Figure 36: can improve and encourage people’s awareness encouraged by additional activities. Activities in the community, the perception needs to be To perceptionofpeople developabetterhistoric Re Diagram showingtheculturalmap Figure 35: comm e nd A StudyofPhayao’s HistoricalTrading CommunitiestoEncourageRecognizingLocalHistoryandPromoteCulturalTourism a t i on s Nong-Rabu area. shops by the Vernadoc methodandexhibitedinthe of thecommercialcommunities Muaeng Phayao voluntary camps for architectural measurements An example of an activity is the Phayao student to appreciatewhattheyhaveinthecommunity.

Nakhara 47 Nakhara 48 Bangkok: MatichonPublisher Chaidarun Kiengsak of cities uit Wongthet. Sujitt Sujitt P cities Kriengsak rEfErEncES Phakthima Wangyao M ublishing. ueang of Wongthet Phayao Phayao. Phayao:NakhonNewsPublishing. Phayao. Bangkok Chaidarun province. ( Ed.). ( 2009). . . (2015). (2015). History : MatichonPublisher Where . P rdton zn ad old and zone Traditioanl hayao: Ancient s oceity are and zones Phayao Nakhon News Nakhon

. culture and from? old of