Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 158 Broughton Bay (Shoreline Management Partnership)

Plate 159 Broughton Bay and Burrows

101 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 160 Broughton Bay caravan park rubble revetment

Plate 161 Whiteford Sands, looking north towards disused lighthouse and Burry Port

102 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

LARGE SCALE: Loughor Estuary

Whiteford Point to Loughor Bridge

Figure 20 Whiteford Point to Loughor Bridge (Crown copyright, Licence No. 100023377, 2009)

The following coastal defences presently exist along this frontage:

Defence Location Length Existing Defence Crest NAI Residual Maintenance Code (km) Types Level Life (Yrs) Resp. (mODN) W.84.5052 Whiteford Burrows 3.2 Clay/silt Dunes N/A N/A No info W.84.5050 The Groose, Llanmadoc 1 Clay/silt Embk No info No info No info No info The Groose 0.75 Seawall/ embnk No info No info No info W.84.5045 Landimore Marsh 1.8 Clay/silt shore N/A N/A No info W.84.5042 Llanrhidian Marsh, Great 0.65 Clay/silt shore N/A N/A No info Pill W.84.5040 Llanrhidian Marsh 2 Clay/silt shore N/A N/A No info W.84.5035 Staffal Haegr Marsh 1.35 Clay/silt shore N/A N/A No info W.84.5025 Wernffrwd Marsh (3) 3.3 Clay/Silt shore N/A N/A No info W.84.5120 Crofty Road Junction 0.1 Embank Sea Wall N/A N/A EAW W.84.5110 Crofty road Bridge 0.07 Embankment N/A N/A EAW W.84.5027 Wernffwrd Marsh (2) 0.9 Clay/silt shore N/A N/A No info W.84.5019 Crofty Sewage Works 0.27 Clay/silt shore N/A N/A No info

103 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

W.84.5017 Crofty (3) 0.6 Clay/silt shore N/A N/A No info 60101L02 Osborne Place 0.22 Earth Flood Bank No info 20 EAW 60101L02 Osborne Place 0.09 Flood Defence No info 20 EAW Wall 60101R02 d/s Crofty Rd bridge 0.04 Earth Flood Bank No info 20 EAW 60201R01 u/s Crofty Rd bridge 0.11 Earth Flood Bank No info 20 EAW W.84.5010 Crofty (1) 0.52 Clay/Silt shore N/A N/A No info W.84.5007 Penclawdd (3) 0.24 Clay/Silt Shore N/A N/A No info W.84.5100 Penclawdd (2) 0.31 Sea Wall No info <20 EAW Revetment W.84.5005 Dalton Point 0.2 Clay/Silt shore N/A N/A No info W.84.5865 Penclawdd (1) 0.41 Sea Wall No info <20 Private W.84.5003 Pen-y-lan (2) 0.15 Clay/Silt shore N/A N/A No info W.84.5860 Pen-y-lan Penclawdd 0.15 Sea Wall No info 20 Private W.84.5090 Penclawdd Car Park & 0.1 Embankment No info <20 EAW Play W.84.5001 Dan-y-Lan Penclawdd 1.1 Clay/Silt Shore N/A N/A No info W.84.5000 Loughor Estuary Salt 4.8 Clay/Silt Shore N/A N/A No info Marsh

Plate 162 Loughor Estuary – mouth of the estuary (Burry Port/ Whitford Point to Loughor Bridge) (Google Earth Pro, 2009)

104 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 163 The Groose

Plate 164 Llanrhidian Marsh

105 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 165 Llanrhidian Marsh

Plate 166 Llanrhidian Marsh

Plate 167 Llanrhidian Marsh from Crofty

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Plate 168 Crofty

Plate 169 Crofty

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Plate 170 Penclawdd revetment (overtopping flood risk)

Plate 171 Penclawdd seawall (overtopping flood risk)

108 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 172 Penclawdd seawall (overtopping flood risk)

Plate 173 Penclawdd car park

109 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 174 Penclawdd eastern end

Plate 175 Loughor Bridge looking towards North Gower

110 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Loughor Bridge to Pontardulais

Figure 21 Loughor Bridge to Pontardulais (Crown copyright, Licence No. 100023377, 2009)

111 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Figure 22 Loughor Bridge to Pontardulais (Crown copyright, Licence No. 100023377, 2009)

112 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

The following defences are present along this frontage:

Defence Location Length Existing Defence Crest NAI Residual Maintenance Code (km) Types Level Life (Yrs) Resp. (mODN) No info Lower Loughor railway 0.2 Abutments/ No info No info Network Rail bridge abutments, revetments approach embankments and associated defences No info A484 Loughor road 0.2 Abutments/ No info No info CCS bridge, retaining walls and revetments associated defences No info Loughor (east bank north 1.0 Embankment No info No info No info of A484 bridge) (gabions), groynes No info Upper Loughor railway 0.1 Abutments No info No info Network Rail bridge abutments No info M4 road bridge 0.1 Abutments No info No info WAG No info Llangennech sewage 0.5 Seawalls No info No info Welsh Water works No info Brynhyfryd to Pencoed- 1.3 Ballast banking/ No info No info Network Rail isaf embankment No info Pencoed-isaf to Ffos fach 0.4 Ballast banking/ No info No info Network Rail embankment No info Industrial estate 0.6 Rock revetment No info No info No info revetment (west bank north of A484 road bridge)

113 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 176 Loughor Estuary – south of Pontardulais (Google Earth Pro, 2009)

Plate 177 Loughor Estuary – north of Loughor Bridge (Google Earth Pro, 2009)

114 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 178 Revetment upstream of Loughor A484 road bridge, western bank

Plate 179 Defences upstream of Loughor A484 road bridge, eastern bank

115 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 180 Loughor Estuary A484 road and railway bridges looking south from lifeboat station

Plate 181 Lifeboat station looking north

116 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 182 Brynhyfryd to Pencoed-isaf railway embankment looking south

Plate 183 Brynhyfryd to Pencoed-isaf railway embankment looking north

117 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 184 Llangennech sewage works

Plate 185 Loughor Estuary looking south from the A4138, north of Llangennech

Plate 186 Loughor Estuary looking south from Waungron, just south of M4

118 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 187 Upper Loughor railway bridge

Plate 188 M4 road bridge

119 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 189 Looking south from Pontardulais

120 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Loughor Bridge to Burry Port

Figure 23 Loughor Bridge to Burry Port (Crown copyright, Licence No. 100023377, 2009)

The following coastal defences presently exist along this frontage:

Defence Location Length Existing Defence Crest NAI Maintenance Code (km) Types Level Residual Resp. (mODN) Life (Yrs) W.24.5085 Loughor Bridge Sch 4 Bdy 0.15 Boundary N/A N/A N/A No info Railway embankment 1.0 Masonry wall and No info No info Network Rail rock armour No info Millennium coastal park 0.6 Revetment 6 <20 CCC W.24.5067 Machynys Sea Wall No info Sheet pile wall 7 20-50* EAW W.24.5066 Penrhyn Point 0.2 Revetment 7.6 20-50 CCC W.24.5065 Penrhyn Gwyn Bastion 0.03 Breakwater N/A 20-50 CCC W.24.5064 Penrhyn Park 3 0.4 Revetment 7.6 <20 CCC W.24.5063 Penrhyn Park 2 0.12 Recharge/Revet 7.6 <20 CCC W.24.5062 Machynys B Breakwater 0.04 Breakwater N/A 20-50 CCC W.24.5061 Penrhyn Park 1 0.41 Recharge/Other N/A <20 CCC Artf W.24.5060 Machynys A Breakwater 0.03 Breakwater N/A 20-50 CCC W.24.5059 Machynys Park 0.66 Recharge/Other 7.6 <20 CCC Artf W.24.5058 Training Wall Bastion 0.02 Breakwater N/A 20-50 CCC W.24.5057 Dafen Wharf 0.11 Sheet pile wall 8 20-50 CCC W.24.5056 Afon Dafen 0.015 Other Artif N/A 20-50 CCC Protect. W.24.5055 Llanelli Haven 0.28 Revetment 7.6 20-50 CCC W.24.5054 Seaside (inshore) 0.7 Revetment 7.6 20-50 CCC

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W.24.5053 North Dock Entrance 0.1 No info N/A N/A CCC W.24.5052 Afon Lliedi Flats 0.9 Clay/silt shore N/A N/A CCC W.24.5050 South Bastion 0.04 Breakwater N/A 20-50 CCC W.24.5048 South Beach Llanelli 4 0.3 Dunes/Recharge N/A N/A CCC W.24.5046 South Breakwater 0.04 Breakwater N/A 20-50 CCC W.24.5044 South Beach Llanelli 3 0.3 Dunes/Recharge N/A N/A CCC W.24.5851 South Beach Llanelli 2 0.8 Seawall/Recharge 8.4 20-50 CCC W.24.5042 North Breakwater 0.04 Breakwater N/A 20-50 CCC W.24.5850 South Beach Llanelli 1 0.5 Seawall/Recharge 8.4 20-50 CCC W.24.5038 North Bastion 0.04 Breakwater N/A 20-50 CCC W.24.5036 Cefn Padrig Railway Line 2.45 Sea Wall/ 7 <20 NAI Network Rail Revetment (otopq risk (risk of during undermin storms) ing from channel) 20-50 WPM W.24.5034 Tywyn Bach 1.8 Soft Rock Shore N/A N/A CCC W.24.5032 Burry Port, Old Power Station 0.5 Revet/ Gabions 9 <20 No info W.24.5030 Burry Port, Chemical Works 0.32 Revet/ Sea Wall 9 20-50 No info W.24.5028 Burry Port, East Pier 0.15 Revetment 7 20-50 No info W.24.5026 Burry Port, Harbour 0.8 Pier (no defence) 7 <20 No info W.24.5845 Burry Port, West of Harbour 0.51 Revetment/Dunes No info 20-50 CCC W.24.5845 Burry Port, West of Harbour 0.51 Revetment/Dunes No info 20-50 CCC W.24.5024 Pembrey Harbour Dunes 0.25 Dunes N/A N/A No info W.24.5022 Pembrey Harbour (dis) 0.35 Harbour walls No info <20 No info

*The Environment Agency Assets team are currently proposing to revise the annual maintenance specification of the Machynys seawall in favour of a three year programme of improvement works which will extend the life of the existing defences to 100 years. Works being proposed involve the replacement of damaged sheet pile wall toe protection sections (Armorloc units) The reprofiling of 310m of embankment, and the spraying of the exposed lengths of sheet pile wall with a protective coating.

122 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 190 Loughor Estuary (railway bridge in foreground)

Plate 191 Loughor Estuary – mouth of the estuary (Burry Port/ Whitford Point) to Loughor Bridge (Google Earth Pro, 2009)

123 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 192 Morfa Bacas looking towards Loughor railway bridge

Plate 193 Morfa Bacas looking towards Machynys

124 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 194 Loughor Estuary (Cassini Maps, 1830).

Llanelli was developed in the 19th century as a result of the local coal mining and tin plate industry. The decline of heavy industry and the silting up of the River Loughor led to the final closure of the docks in 1951.

Plate 195 Penrhyn Gwyn

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Plate 196 Penrhyn Gwyn

Plate 197 Llanelli Beach breakwaters (Shoreline Management Partnership)

126 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 198 Llanelli Beach central

Plate 199 Llanelli Beach central

127 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 200 Llanelli Beach central

Plate 201 Llanelli beach north

128 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 202 Llanelli Beach north revetment and seawall (anchor blocks securing seawall)

Plate 203 Llanelli Beach viewed from across the Cefn Padrig Railway Line

129 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 204 Cefn Padrig Railway Line Seawall/ Revetment

Note the channel close to toe of seawall possibly due to dredging activity.

Plate 205 Cefn Padrig Railway Line Seawall/ Revetment

130 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 206 Cefn Padrig Railway Line Seawall/ Revetment

Plate 207 Burry Port Old Power Station revetment

131 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 208 Burry Port Old Power Station revetment from Llanelli Sand Dredging pontoon

Plate 209 Burry Port Old Power Station revetment

132 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 210 Burry Port Old Power Station

Plate 211 Burry Port Old Power Station gabions, slag fill inshore

133 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 212 Burry Port east shore

Plate 213 Burry Port revetment

134 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 214 Burry Port revetment

Plate 215 Burry Port revetment, looking towards Burry Port Harbour

135 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 216 Burry Port Harbour, East Pier

Plate 217 Burry Port Harbour, West Pier

136 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 218 Burry Port Harbour, West Pier

Plate 219 Burry Port, rock revetment immediately west of Harbour

137 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 220 Burry Port, concrete revetment west of Harbour

Plate 221 Looking towards Pembrey Harbour, disused

138 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Pembrey Burrows (Burry Port to Tywyn Point)

Figure 24 Pembrey Burrows (Crown copyright, Licence No. 100023377, 2009)

The following coastal defences presently exist along this frontage: Defence Location Length Existing Defence Types Crest NAI Maintenance Code (km) Level Residual Resp. (mODN) Life (Yrs) W.24.5020 Pembrey Dunes & Park 4.7 Dunes Clay/Silt Shore N/A N/A No info W.24.5018 Pembrey Forest 7.3 Dunes N/A N/A No info No info Cefn Sidan (north) No info Rock groyne structures No info No info No info adjacent to RAF Pembrey control tower W.24.5040 Pembrey Sea Outfall 0.03 Embankment No info 20-50 No info

139 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 222 Pembrey Sands (Shoreline Management Partnership)

Plate 223 Pembrey, RAF Pembrey Sands and Tywyn Point

140 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

LARGE SCALE: Tywyn Point to Ginst Point (Three Rivers Estuarine Complex)

Gwendraeth Estuary

Figure 25 Gwendraeth Estuary (Crown copyright, Licence No. 100023377, 2009)

Figure 26 Kidwelly (Crown copyright, Licence No. 100023377, 2009)

141 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

The following defences are presently along this frontage:

Defence Location Length Existing Defence Crest NAI Maintenance Code (km) Types Level Residual Resp. (mODN) Life (Yrs) No info RAF Pembrey Sands facilities 1.5 Undefended No info No info MoD W.24.5015 Gwendraeth Saltings 5 Clay/Silt Shore N/A N/A No info No info Bank y Lord 2.2 Embankment No info No info EAW W.24.5010 Gwendraeth Marsh 1.2 Clay/Silt Shore N/A N/A No info W.24.5007 Gwendraeth Fawr Outfall 0.03 Sea Wall No info 20-50 No info W.24.5840 Kidwelly Gwendraeth Fawr 0.66 Embank/ Sea Wall No info No info No info W.24.5005 Kidwelly Marsh 1.6 Clay/Silt Shore N/A N/A No info W.24.5001 Kidwelly Quay 0.5 Seawall No info 20-50 No info No info Kidwelly (east bank) 1.3 Earth embankment No info No info No info No info Minor road bridge 0.1 Abutments No info No info No info No info A484 road bridge 0.1 Abutments No info No info No info No info Kidwelly (west bank) 2.0 No defences N/A N/A N/A W.21.5002 Gwendraeth Fach Outfall 0.06 Seawall No info 20-50 No info No info Railway bridge 0.1 Abutments No info No info Network Rail No info Railway embankment - 2.0 No defences No info No info Network Rail Kidwelly to Carmarthen Holiday Park W.21.5062 Carmarthen Holiday Park 2.6 Gabions, 6.7 N/A Private undefended, rock revetment W.21.5060 Carmarthen Holiday Park to 1.0 Clay/Silt Shore and N/A N/A No info and 5062 St Ishmaels Dunes

142 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 224 Pembrey and RAF Pembrey Sands viewed from St Ishmaels Scar

Plate 225 Bank y Lord

143 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 226 Saltmarsh north of Bank y Lord, railway embankment to left

Plate 227 Commissioner’s Bridge on the Gwendraeth Fawr

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Plate 228 Downstream of Commissioners’ Bridge along the Gwendraeth Fawr

Plate 229 Kidwelly Marsh, south of Kidwelly Quay

145 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 230 Kidwelly Quay

Plate 231 Railway Bridge over the Gwendraeth Fach, north of Kidwelly Quay

146 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 232 Western embankment upstream of railway bridge along the Gwendraeth Fach

Plate 233 Eastern embankment upstream of railway bridge along Gwendraeth Fach

147 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 234 Looking upstream towards Kidwelly along Gwendraeth Fach

Plate 235 Kidwelly (Google Earth Pro, 2009)

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Plate 236 Looking downstream from Kidwelly minor road bridge along the Gwendraeth Fach

Plate 237 Looking upstream from Kidwelly minor road bridge along the Gwendraeth Fach

149 Lavernock Point to St Ann’s Head SMP2 Appendix C: Baseline Process Understanding Annex C: Defence Assessment

Plate 238 Kidwelly, looking south from the Castle along the Gwendraeth Fach

Plate 239 Kidwelly (west bank) and Castle along the Gwendraeth Fach

150