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A Revision of the Austrialian Turridae

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RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM EDITED B-Y THE DIRECTOR. Vol. XIII., No. 6. PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES CHARLES ANDERSON, M.A., D.Sc, SYDNEY. SEPTEMBER 30th. 1922 Vale & Pearson Ltd.. Printers I Castlereagh Street. Sydney. CONTENTS. PAGE A Revision of the Australian Turrida-. By Charles Hedley. ' ... ... 213 A REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN TURRIDJE. BV Charles Hedley. (Plates xlii.-lvi.) The marine gasteropods embraced in the family Turridce (formerly Pleurotomidce) are considered by those wlio meddle with them to be more perplexing than any other mollnscan family. This is because that family embraces a bewildering wealth of recent and fossil species, frequently small in size, variable or indistinct in feature, and from depths difficult of access. For the most part the species are expressed by a poverty of individuals. This small proportion of individuals to a species is the general rule with carnivora, which by ecological harmony must be less numerous in individuals than the phytophaga. But the consequent scarcity of specimens hinders that exchange and comparison of material between students, so necessary for the correction of error and advance of knowledge. The range of Turrid species in space appears to be rather narrow. Our knowledge of the Australian Turridce is still very incomplete. The fauna of eastern Australia from Hobart to Torres Strait is best represented in this paper ; that of the north and west is scarcely known at all; that of the south coast has been elaborated in excellent papers by Sir Joseph Verco. Re-arrangement of species and genera to conform with modern taxonomy has rejected such old friends as Pleiirotomu, Drillia, Mangelia, Glyphnstoma, Clathurella, Cythara, and Jlehi, so that Duphnella alone survives of the generic names used in this group for our fauna by the last generation of conchologists. About three hundred and seventy recent species discussed in the following pages are divided into four sub-families. First are the Turri- nce, distinguished by a narrow unguicnlate operculum with an apical nucleus. As this feature is not always available for study, it is useful to note that the nuclear whorl is comparatively large and almost as broad as the rest of the protoconch, and that the interior of the shell is often fluted. An operculum with a medio-lateral nucleus is held to be the distin- guishing feature of the sub-family Clavatulince. Those genera are assigned to the sub-family Mangiliince, in which the protoconch is helicoid, with a very small initial, and rapidly increasing subsequent whorls. Here the texture of the adult shell is frequently "gritty," from a sculpture of minute grains; the varix is usually well developed, and the fasciole evanescent. A series of pustules on the columella is an ordinary feature. The operculum is said to be missing. An elaborately sculptured protoconch contrasts with the smooth protoconch of previous groups, and gives ready recognition to the fourth family —the Dwphnellince. — 214 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. I have to thank the Trustees of the Maoleay Museum, University of Sydney, for the loan of the Turrids taken by the Ohevert Expedition, and the Council of the Linnean Society of New South Wales for permission to reprint some text figures. Family TURRID^E. Sub-family Turrin^e. Turris Mutter. Turris Miiller, Delic. Nat. .Selects, i., 1766, p. 129, type Murex babylonius Linne. Id. Bolten, Mus. Bolt. 1798, p. 123. Id. Dall Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., liv., 1918, p. 332. Pleurotoma Lamarck, Mem. Soc. Nat. Hist. Paris, 1799, p. 73. Lophiotoma Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, xiv., 1904, p. 130. Turris is a strictly tropical genus. The shell is large, with a tall slender spire ; outer lip sharp, without fold or thickening ; the notch is a deep slit with parallel sides following a walled-in fasciole; within the body whorl are sharp raised revolving threads (PI. xlii., fig. 1), a feature shared by related genera. Protoconch of two smooth rounded whorls (PI. xlii., fig. 3). Operculum unguiculate, with apical nucleus. The animal has been figured by Quoy and Gaimard, 1 and by Gould. 2 The species catalogued by Brazier 3 as Pleurotoma brevieaudata is not that, but is described in this paper as Turridrupa deceptrix. What the same writer considered to be Pleurotoma punctata (op. cit., p. 151) is here recorded as Gemm.ula graeffei; and what Brazier catalogued as P. jubata and P . armillata are here included under Turridrupa acntigemmata Smith. Prom the Australian Tertiary the following fossils have been described by Harris Turris optatu, salebrosa, septemlirata, subconcava, and trilirata. Turris babylonia Linne. (PI. xlii, fig. 1.) Murex babylonia Linne, Syst. Nat, x, 1758, p. 753. Id. Knorr, Conchlien, iv, 1789, p. 403, pi. xiii, fig. 2. Id. Hanley, Ips. Linn. Conch, 1855, p. 299. Pleurotoma babylonia Weinkauff, Conch. Cab, 1875, p. 10, pi. i, figs. 4, 5. Id. Tapparone Canefri, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, ix, 1878, p. 246. Id. Shirley, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, xxiii, 1911, p. 101. Id. Schepman, Siboga Exped. Mon, xlixe, 1913, p. 398. Id. Bouge and Dautzenberg, Journ. de Conch, xli, 1914, p. 125. Buc.rinum coelatum Martyn, Univ. Conch, ii, 1789, pi. xciv. Pleurotoma vennsta Reeve, Conch. Icon, i, 1843, pi. ix, fig. 79. Hab. Queensland: —Cairns (Shirley). 1 Quoy and Gaimard— Astrolabe Zoologie, PI. xxxv., fig. 4. 2 Gould—Moll. U. S. Explor. Exped, PI. xviii, fig. 311. a Brazier—Proc. Linn. Soo. N.S.Wales, i, 1876, p. 152. A REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN TURRID.E— HEDLEY. 215 Turris crispa Lamarck. Pleilrotoma crispa Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. Vers., 1S16, pi. ccccxxxix., fig. 4, and An. s. vert., vii., 1822, p. 95. Id. Kiener, Coq. Viv., 1S40, p. 8, pi. ii., fig. 1. Id. Reeve, Conch. Icon., i., 1843, pi. ii., fig. 11. Id. Weinkauff, Conch. Cab., 1875, p. 9, pi. i., figs. 1, 2. Id. Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, ii., 1877 (1878), p. 368. Id. Schepman, Siboga Kxped. Mon., xlixe., 1913, p. 398. Pleilrotoma grandis Griffiths and Pidgeon, Mollusca, 1833, p. 599, pl.xxiii., ' fig. 1. Id. Reeve, Conch. Icon., i., 1843, pi. ii, fig. 13. Id. Shirley, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, xxiii., 1911, p. 101. Hab. Queensland:—20 fathoms, Darnley Island (Brazier); 10 fathoms, Mapoon, Gulf of Carpentaria (self). Turris indica Bolten. Turn's indica Bolten, Mus. Bolt., 1798, p. 124 for Conch. Cab., iv., pi. cxlv., figs. 1345-6. Id. Melvill, Proc. Malac. Soc. xii., 1917, p. 143. (not Pleurotoma indica Deshayes, in Belanger Voy. Indes Orient. Zool., 1833, p. 95). Pleurotoma marmorata Lamarck, An. s. vert., vii., 1822, p. 95 (not P. marmorata Lamarck, 1816, q.v.). Id. Blainville, Diet. Sci. Nat. Meth., xli., 1826, p. 3S5. Id. Gray, Zool. Beechey Voy., 1839, p. 119, pi. xxxiv, fig. 9. Id. Kiener, Coq. Viv., 1840, p. 9, pi. vi., fig. 1, pi. vii., fig. 2. Id. Reeve, Couch. Icon., i., 1S43, pi. iii., fig. 216. Id. Schmeltz, Mus. Godeffroy, Cat., iv., 1869, p. 90. Id. Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S.Wales, ii., 1877 (1878), p. 36. Id. Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1879, p. 186. Id. Watson, Chall. Rep. Zool., xt., 1S86, p. 277. Id. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xvi., 1895, p. 263. Id. Sfcurany, Pola Exped. Moll., 1903, p. 228, pi. iv., tig. 1. Id. Schepman, Siboga Exped. Mon., xlixe. , 1913, p. 399. Id. Bouge and Dautzenberg, Journ. de Conch., lxi., 1914, p. 128. Pleurotoma ueglecta Reeve, Conch. Syst., ii., 1842, p. 189, pl.ccxxxv., fig. 2. Pleitrotoma hastida Reeve, Conch. Icon., i., 1843, pi. xvii., fig. 139. : Hab. Queensland —25 fathoms, Darnley Island (Brazier) ; Cape York ("Challenger"). Northern Territory: — Darwin (Spencer). Tdruis MARMORATA Lamarck. (Plate xlii., figs. 2-3.) Pleurotoma marmorata Lamarck, Encycl. Meth., 1816, pi. ccccxxxix., tig. 6, expl. pi. p. 8 (not P. marmorata Lamarck, An. s. vert., vii., 1822, p. 95 = T. indica Bolten). Pleurotoma albi.ua Lamarck, An. s. vert, vii., 1822, p. 96. Id. Gray, Zool. Beechev Voy., 1839, p. 120, pi. xxxiv., fig. 4. Id. Kiener, Coq. Viv., 1840, p". 11, pi. xv., fig. 1. 216 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. Pleurotoma peaseana Dunker, Malak. Blatt., xviii., 1871, p. 158. Id. Weinkauff, Conch.
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