NEGAWATT HOME AREA NETWORKS WITH MOBILE APPLICATIONS CONSULTING

SAN DIEGO GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM ASSESSMENT REPORT PROJECT ID DR11SDGE0006

HOME AREA NETWORKS WITH MOBILE APPLICATIONS

FINAL REPORT

PREPARED FOR AHMED ABDULLAH, ERIC MARTINEZ SAN DIEGO GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY 8306 CENTURY PARK COURT SAN DIEGO, CA 92123

PREPARED BY NEGAWATT CONSULTING, INC. WWW.NEGAWATTCONSULT.COM

9/20/2012

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Acknowledgements

San Diego Gas and Electric Company and the authors of this report would like to acknowledge the assistance and cooperation of our host sites, SDG&E residential homes, and the residents who went out of their way to allow for our onsite testing and interviews. We would also like to thank the technology vendor that we evaluated, for their contributions above and beyond, and for their willingness to share more details about their products and services than the average customer would ever want to know.

Disclaimer

While SDG&E and the authors of this report did their best to come up with sensible results and recommendations, this report is provided as-is. The models, figures, formulas, and recommendations may not be appropriate or accurate for some situations. It is the reader’s responsibility to verify this report and apply the findings appropriately when used in another settings or context. Readers are responsible for all decisions and actions taken based on this report, and for all consequences thereof.

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Executive Summary

This review primarily investigates the demand response (DR) and control capability of the Home Area Network (HAN) technology along with the integration of a mobile application. Secondarily, it estimates the energy saving potential and discusses user feedback.

The HAN system with Mobile Apps boasts to monitor and control home devices from the vendor online portal or via a proprietary mobile application for iPhone or Android platforms. Home devices can include thermostats, pool pumps, and other devices that can be plugged into a standard electrical outlet. It has direct support for DR with the ability to program functional responses from the devices. The system can monitor home energy consumption via installed CT clamps on power lines and report the measurements to the HAN system for user observation. There are two main communication paths, RF and Powerline. This review will go over the technology as a whole and estimate the appropriate mass market expandability into the SDG&E market.

For testing purposes, SDG&E territory customers with electric bills over $100, utilizing an AC system (priority) and potentially owning a pool (less critical) were selected. They were given the opportunity to program their own demand control strategy and choose what devices, and to what extent, they would include in DR.

The technology was successful in providing a power drop during a simulated DR event. The range of power drops that were found during the simulated DR event was from 0.1kW to 1.9kW. The low range was with customers who only wished to dim lights as opposed to a customer who raised multiple thermostat set-points and cycled his pool pump to 2 min on/2 min off (from always on).

The users responded with various installation and connectivity issues, most of which were fixable and with little troubleshooting, information immediately available. However, the users responded positively to their experience and specifically to the advantages of having a mobile application to aid in monitoring and control of their devices. There were issues with the DR functionality found during short simulation events created during the evaluation, but the vendor is near completion of updates to avoid these experiences.

The reviewed technology also has the positive feature of having two communication methods. The devices are able to communicate over Powerline and RF. This is advantageous if the technology is ported to multiple dwelling residencies where there may be more than one meter being used, so the HAN can be crossed over via RF onto a new home circuit for a new Powerline. Although, not reviewed in this field evaluation, the vendor provides an additional device that will allow direct connection to a Smart Meter to avoid some installation issues and provide capability to receive DR and price messages from the Utility.

The potential market for this technology was assessed based on customer applicability to the technology. With approximately 1.4 million smart meters currently deployed (both small commercial and residential), it was found that 10% of residential customers (approximately 126,000) would benefit Page 3 of 66

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most from this technology. The following table shows energy and post savings per household based on the number of DR days that would be enabled in a single year. The savings are based on estimated load drops from the inclusion of a pool pump controller, thermostat, and plug in device.

Annual savings with Annual savings with PTR Annual kwh Annual savings PTR incentives using DR days/year incentive ($0.75/kWh saved ($0.16 per kWh) enabling technology reduction) ($1.25/kWh reduction) 2 28.70 $4.59 $26.12 $40.47 3 43.05 $6.89 $39.18 $60.70 4 57.40 $9.18 $52.23 $80.93 8 114.80 $18.37 $104.47 $161.87 10 143.50 $22.96 $130.59 $202.34 12 172.20 $27.55 $156.70 $242.80

Overall the technology is successful in providing capable DR functionality to the customer in a user friendly manner. The addition of a mobile application allows the user to monitor, control, and respond to DR events remotely and conveniently, which should help influence the expandability of this technology into a larger market implementation.

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Table of Contents

Acknowledgements ...... 2 Disclaimer ...... 2 Executive Summary ...... 3 List of Figures ...... 7 List of Tables ...... 8 Introduction ...... 9 Project Objectives ...... 11 Applicable codes and standards ...... 13 Market Overview ...... 14 Opportunity ...... 14 Products and Systems ...... 16 Project Results...... 17 Detailed Host System Description ...... 17 System deployment and operations-related roles and responsibilities ...... 19 List of controlled points ...... 19 Sequence of operations ...... 19 System cost and cost-influencing factors ...... 20 Preliminary Lab Test Results ...... 20 Evaluation of system operation and design in customer homes ...... 22 Customer feedback from in-home testing ...... 24 Energy and demand savings ...... 29 Installation Experience ...... 31 Applicability of IOU programs and tariffs ...... 33 Conclusions ...... 34 Benefits of HAN with Mobile Apps ...... 34 System Improvement Opportunities ...... 36 Applicability of case study findings to other load types, sectors, and sites ...... 37 Considerations for large-scale and persistent market implementation ...... 37 Impact of HAN devices to SDG&E (and other CA Utility) roadmap 2011-2020 ...... 39

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Glossary and Acronyms ...... 41 References ...... 44 Appendix A: Measurement & Verification Plan ...... 45 Appendix B: User Survey...... 58

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List of Figures

Figure 1: Electricity rate variance with time of use ...... 9 Figure 2 Utility and Customer advantages to energy efficiency (EE), demand response (DR), and peak- load shift (PLS). [8]...... 10 Figure 3 Vendor system overview and connectivity ...... 17 Figure 4 Number of users that have already employed energy efficient technologies and plan to in the upcoming year...... 25 Figure 5 User feedback on potential HAN product purchases ...... 26 Figure 6 Product user evaluations statements/question ...... 27 Figure 7 Customer need for mobile app...... 27 Figure 8 Load drop during DR events from 2011 HAN pilot program ...... 30 Figure 9 SDG&E Home Area Network Time As of November 2011, excerpt taken from SDG&E Advice Letter 2307 [7] ...... 39

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List of Tables

Table 1 Customer statistics evaluated against 1.24M installed Smart Meters in SDG&E territory ...... 14 Table 2 Customer tiers/usage against large appliances ...... 15 Table 3 Estimated power drop potential from HAN devices ...... 15 Table 4 Devices from same vendor that may be included in field evaluation of HAN ...... 18 Table 5 Initial cost of individual products with approximate installation costs per house ...... 20 Table 6 Various DR enabled devices response to event ...... 22 Table 7 How customers currently/or plan to shop for smart appliances ...... 26 Table 8 Graphical representation of power drop of a specific sector in home during simulated DR event, involving a thermostat and pool pump (6:29 pm-6:39pm). NOTE: Figure is an example of power drop using HAN and not necessarily representative of a larger test pool or market study...... 29 Table 9 Potential energy and cost savings with respect to DR days per year, PTR incentives based on current program specifications ...... 31

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Introduction

Demand is the momentary use of power from the grid and is of great importance to both the power generator (Utility) and the power consumer (Customer). During peak hours and especially during Critical Peak Pricing (CPP) events, the ability for a utility to maintain electric reliability to all its customers is at risk, and customers experience significant cost increases.

Energy and demand cost can vary significantly with time of use as illustrated below.

Figure 1: Electricity rate variance with time of use (TOU)

At first sight, it would seem utilities stand to benefit from peak-time high-$ sales of electricity. However, in today’s marketplace electricity supply is limited, and as prices increase so does cost. Gradually, it becomes difficult for utilities to meet the market’s demand altogether during peak times. This is further compounded by steady demand increases for the foreseeable future – according to the California Energy Demand 2010-2020 Adopted Forecast, Non-Coincidental Peak demand in California is forecasted to increase at 1.3% per year from 2010 to 2018. [15]

Therefore, utilities benefit from managing peak demand in several ways:

 Increased grid stability  Ability to service more customers with existing generation & distribution facilities  Lower normalized operating cost, i.e. increased profitability  Utility customers benefit from managing peak demand in terms of cost savings

Home appliances and space heating and cooling consume a large portion of a residential customer’s energy bill. This bill has the potential to be reduced if the devices within the home were to be more efficiently managed. Customers would be able to manage their own energy consumption better if provided with more information on where they have the potential to save energy.

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The HAN with Mobile Apps that is being reviewed herein is a compilation of ‘smart’ devices integrated into a Home Area Network (HAN) that allow a user to be able to monitor and control his/her own energy consumption and be able to cut back on consumption during times when energy rates are at their highest.

The devices being reviewed are not meant to improve efficiency of an existing appliance or HVAC but allow a user to be able to control its use more effectively. The devices are additions that give the appliance(s) the ability to be controlled remotely and also provide the user with useful information on their energy use. At certain times during the year, the utilities will enact a ‘Demand Response (DR)’ period which means it is a time of high energy consumption and to keep up with electrical demand it encourages users to individually reduce their energy use. During these DR evens, appliances can actively be turned off or curtailed to save the customer money during times when electricity rates are at their highest.

As seen in Figure 2, energy efficiency and demand reduction balance out the daily demand for energy. This makes the Utility more capable in supplying the required amount of electricity to its consumers at a minimal cost.

Again, these products alone will not provide savings based on energy efficiency of the existing device, but will allow the user to control their energy consumption more effectively to cut back on active energy use.

Figure 2 Utility and Customer advantages to energy efficiency (EE), demand response (DR), and peak-load shift (PLS). [8]

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Project Objectives

The objective of this study is to evaluate the DR capability of this HAN with Mobile Apps and to assess the overall usability and functionality of the devices from user surveys. Please see Host System on page 17 for a more detailed description of the particular system used in this study. A collection of residential homes that passed predetermined selection criteria were used in the field evaluation.

The purpose of our evaluation is to determine the efficacy of the technology with a focus on DR (does the product function as intended), and quantify its use within the context of energy, demand, and cost. We will also review its usability, ease of installation, and its ability to respond effectively to a simulated DR event. We go beyond one particular vendor, and assess benefits, validity and potential of the technology as a whole. We also briefly describe the marketplace, as well as applicable codes and standards.

Our study took place in San Diego Gas & Electric territory; however, the results should be applicable throughout most of California due to consistent legislation and tariffs throughout the state.

In our Project Results section, emphasis is placed on the following aspects.

Verification of system operation and design

 Do the devices correctly respond to a DR event?  Do the devices’ responses to a simulated DR event result in an overall power drop?  Do the devices correctly monitor the energy consumption or status of the items that they are connected to or are controlling?  Are the devices continuously networked and able to communicate effectively?  Does the system effectively alert for DR events and give users options to accept/decline?

Potential energy and demand savings

We observe potential energy and demand savings. By simulating a DR event in the manner that the Utility would perform the event, the power drop can be compared between the output of the HAN technology and a precisions meter. We perform savings calculations based on estimated power drop of various residential appliances from previous research reports.

Customer feedback

We developed a user survey to determine the demographics of the customers who these devices were tested with and their overall response to the technology. This was done to help understand the barriers to market implementation and acceptance across different markets. Some of the questions included:

 Does the customer like the system?

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 Does the customer like each individual product/device?  How frequently does the user actually take advantage of the technology?  Would the customer user this vendor’s product even without the mobile application feature?  What would he improve to make the system more attractive?

Applicability of SDG&E incentive and rebate programs

We review various SDG&E programs with respect to this technology, and provide recommendations for where we believe program support may apply.

Finally, we conclude our study with a discussion of

 Benefits of HAN technology  Improvement opportunities for the tested product  Applicability of this study to other load types, sectors, and sizes  Considerations for large-scale market implementation  Potential future study  HAN with mobile relevance with respect to Smart Grid Roadmap

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Applicable Codes and Standards

Most of the standards and codes that relate to the HAN devices will pertain directly to the home appliance DR system that they are being used in conjunction with, i.e. electrical standards for home appliances such as UL listings or ENERGY STAR ratings.

California Title 20 has a regulation requiring pool pumps that are replacements and 1 hp or larger, must be two speed or variable-speed. The 240V load controller device only is wired to work on two phase pumps so any newer variable speed pumps may not be compatible with this regulation.

Currently there are proposals for future Title 24 amendments that may encompass these devices. There is a specific proposal for Programmable Communicating Thermostats (PCT). The proposed measure title is Residential Demand Responsive Thermostatic Controls. The measure is a proposal for a Title 24 2013 update and would require setback thermostats (as referenced in 2008 Title 26 Section 6 Section 112(c)) to be Upgradeable Setback Thermostats (USTs). This would give the specific thermostats the ability to add a communication module. [1][2]

There are also different organizations that are well-known alliances related to the HAN market space. They set up their own standards and certifications for HAN products whereby they can place their logo on products that have met their criteria. These include HomePlug Powerline Alliance, Z-Wave Alliance, and ZigBee Alliance.

HomePlug certifies products that use the IEEE 1901 standard which concerns devices that communicate over in-home power-lines. This type of certification also allows the consumers who buy HomePlug products to be confident that they will work together. [3]

Z-Wave is a proprietary wireless communications protocol designed for home automation, specifically to remotely control applications in residential and small commercial environments. The technology uses low-power RF radio to communicate which avoids the 2.4 GHz frequency that is common with many other (not HAN) products that may cause interference. These devices that follow this protocol are compatible with one another. [5]

The ZigBee standard is a wireless technology standard that communicates over the 2.4 GHz frequency. It is based off of the IEEE 802.15.4 that concerns low- power short-range wireless protocols. Multiple devices are able to communicate with each other on a ZigBee network. [4]

The technology reviewed uses dual protocols, RF and Powerline, for communications. It is has established its own alliance that use dual band communications. This is beneficial with shared products having multiple interfaces to communicate, but SDG&E Smart Meters use ZigBee. So if the vendor technology wishes to integrate with the Smart Meters in the future it will need to incorporate a ZigBee communication module.

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Market Overview

Opportunity SDG&E installed approximately 1.4 million Smart Meters from 2007-2011, covering residential and small business customers, with about 300,000 more to come. This was the initial infrastructure needed to be able to integrate Home Area Networks with the Utility. All of these customers are theoretically applicable to the HAN technology because it monitors appliances and allows for control of them to regulate energy consumption. However, as done in this review, the most applicable customers and those who would be most advised to take advantage of this technology, are those that consume larger amounts of peak energy. The large amount of consumption usually arises from sources such as pool pumps and air conditioning units; these appliances are also the primary focus in regulation with HAN technology. The increase in amount of all-electric homes, which include electric water heaters, stoves, and dryers, will help influence the growth of this technology. Also, although this technology is applicable as a standalone system for monitoring and control, we determine that it will be more desirable to those wishing to participate in DR events. The dramatic increase in smart phone use also makes the availability of a mobile app a great advantage to this specific vendor.

Table 1 and Table 2 data are taken from a paper by JBS Energy on behalf of the CPUC, reviewing load research data and economic, demographic, and appliance saturation characteristics of CA Utility Residential customers taken from CA RASS data. The data displayed is specifically of SDG&E statistics and overview usage and tier rates against common high energy consumption appliances. [11]

Small Customers Large Customers Approximate kWh <425 425-600 600-900 900-1500 >1500 % of customers 53.80% 19.50% 15.50% 8.90% 2.20% Aprox Smart Meter customers 666,582 241,605 192,045 110,271 27,258 1,239,000 % peaked 7.60% 7.00% 15.60% 15.30% 43.50% Potential optimal customers 50,660 16,912 29,959 16,871 11,857 126,260 Percent 10.19%

Table 1 Customer statistics evaluated against 1.24M installed Smart Meters in SDG&E territory

Table 1 shows SDG&E statistics for customers and the rate tiers that they average in. The tables also show the percent of those customers that have high peak consumption in summer months which was calculated by comparing summer months against March and April. SDG&E? and JBS Energy concluded this peak directly towards AC usage in summer months. Because the evaluated HAN technology has one main focus of reducing energy during peak hours, we will deem these ‘peaked’ customers as a primary market for this technology along with those that have received a Smart Meter in the SDG&E territory. This results in about 126,000 customers or 10% or those with Smart Meters as a potential market. [11]

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Table 2 Customer tiers/usage against large appliances

Table 2 may be used to further narrow down the applicable market for HAN technology. This would show an even more like category than Table 1 that would take the most advantage of this technology. Also, by showing the population that has a pool and air conditioning mirrors the category of customers that were filtered for in this field evaluation. This would result in the most applicable customers coming from those over 900kWh of energy consumption, which was the case in the field evaluation.

It is difficult to produce a realistic estimate of potential energy savings or reduction of power because the power drops will be dependent on customer behavior and control strategy. If a customer determines they need appliances more or less on certain demand days, it will influence their option to opt in or out of an event. Also all customers will vary in their potential power drop capabilities as well. As shown in this field evaluation, power drops ranged from 0.1 kW to 1.9 kW even though the test field was already filtered out of customers of high electric bills and owning specific appliances. So obviously even with a filter the range is very wide and the resultant power drops will be very customer dependent.

A load impact study in 2011 of HAN devices estimates the of power drop potential from each device, found below. But as stated earlier, each customer can customize their settings so these numbers can easily vary.

Table 3 Estimated power drop potential from HAN devices

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Products and Systems

The following is a list of vendors in the Home Area Network sector. 1

 Aclara[12]  Calico[13]  Control4[15]  Energate[16]  EnergyHub[17]  General Electric[18]  Insteon[19]  Opower[20]  Silver Spring Networks[21]  Space-Time Insight[22]  Universal Devices[23]

1 The list is in alphabetical order, provided as is, not exhaustive, and the selection is arbitrary. The authors of this report do not endorse or guarantee, and disclaim any responsibility for: the content, products or services offered, their performance or suitability, and any consequences or damages, incidental or otherwise, that may result from their consideration or use. Page 16 of 66

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Project Results

Host System Overview

The HAN provided by this vendor includes various devices that are able to communicate with a home gateway. This allows for all devices within the house to be monitored and information on energy consumption can be observed, and in response specific devices may be controlled. The system is able to receive DR event notices from the utility so that the consumer has the option to respond accordingly to the event, they may choose to opt-in or –out automatically as well. This will result in an instantaneous demand reduction and thereby possibly adhere to a specific energy rate plan that the user may be enrolled in.

Following is a brief description of the devices that are included by this vendor and part of the Home Area Network (not all may be included at every residence due to lack of appliances owned by home owner). This includes the list of controlled points.

Outlet Energy Monitor

Programmable Communicating RF/Powerline Thermostat (PCT)

RJ45

PCT adapter RF Modem RF/Powerline Plug Load Controller

Ethernet

Gateway Ethernet Wireless Router Internet Vendor Server

RF/Powerline Internet

CT Clamps Home Monitoring Internet Base Wire (Home Electrical Panel) System RF/Powerline iPhone./Droid App Load Controller

Web Portal

Figure 3 Vendor system overview and connectivity

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Device Purpose Data Mobile App Used to monitor all devices and Functionality: Confirm that during DR (2 versions) control devices that are plugged event, the mobile phone is alerted. into the PLC Gateway Home base that collects and Functionality: Check that device sends information between information on portal is accurate. devices and puts it on the portal Modem Provides the link between the Functionality: Cannot directly check but EMS and the controllable devices; will be confirmed from other devices. reads RF, powerline, and zigbee Programmable Allows RF communication Functionality: Cannot directly check but Communicating between the thermostat and will be confirmed from the thermostat. Thermostat(PCT) modem adapter Hardwired Load Used to control/monitor pool Functionality: Confirm that during DR Control pump event, the Controller responds correctly. Accuracy: Measure power/power drop during DR event. Plug Load Used to control devices that are Functionality: Confirm that during DR Controller (PLC) plugged in event, the appliance responds correctly. Accuracy: Measure power/power drop during DR event. Outlet Energy Used to monitor energy usage of Accuracy: Confirm the power Monitor plugged devices measurements from each of the plugged devices. Lamp Dimmer Used to control lamps including Functionality: Confirm that the lamps (not shown in the power respond correctly to controls. figure) Accuracy: Confirm the power difference when controls are used. PCT Programmable thermostat used Functionality: Confirm that during DR to control temperature event, the thermostat responds correctly. This will also check the Thermostat Adapter Web Portal Used to program schedules and Functionality: Confirm that the program settings into the thermostat and acts accordingly by observing the other devices linked together system as a whole. Home Used to monitor power Accuracy: Confirm the power Monitoring consumption then is sent to the measurements from the home System portal via gateway consumption. Table 4 Devices from same vendor that may be included in field evaluation of HAN

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System deployment and operations-related roles and responsibilities

Once the HAN system has been purchased, the end-user is responsible for installation and configuration. However, due to the complexity of this system and possible issues during installation and professional installer will likely be used. The system used in the field evaluation required direct access into the electrical panel to install CT clamps and also wiring of a 240V line to install the load controller. These tasks are best left to professional electricians.

After installation, the user can configure and program the system themselves. Although, it was noted that this system was difficult to configure for the average homeowner.

List of controlled points As stated previously, this review is largely purposed for user feedback/evaluation. Thus the field evaluation will have various ‘controlled points’ based on user set-up and response to DR events. The HAN is able to communicate with various devices as shown in Table 4.

Sequence of operations

See Figure 3 for device connection diagram.

Again, due to the customer’s ownership of specific home appliance, different combination of home devices will be used for the field evaluation. Main appliances/devices owned by customers include AC units, pool pumps, outdoor lights, indoor lights, TVs, radios, and computers. Combinations of controllable appliances are based on preferences; some customers may want to control indoor lighting and AC, while others may just want to control their pool pump. Their settings will be created in the web portal and viewable in the mobile app as well.

This specific vendor’s products communicate via either/both existing in-home power-lines or/and low- power RF. Various devices, known as ‘phase bridges’, allow for the cross-over between RF communication and power-line, such as the lamp-specific controller and product modem.

Once the devices are configured according to each individual installation/connection procedures, they can be controlled and monitored with the vendor’s online portal. The user has the ability to configure each device and its response to a DR event. These may vary by user and device and the settings will all be documented and related to the energy drop caused by a simulated DR event, which is part of the M&V.

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System cost and cost-influencing factors

Item Quantity Price Orchestrator 1 $189.00 Home Energy Monitor (7 Channels) 1 $225.00 Dual band Modem 1 $40.00 Load Controller 1 $60.00 Thermostat 1 $80.00 Keypad controller 1 $35.00 Dedicated Lamp Dimmer 1 $22.00 Plugin relay 1 $17.50 Plugin energy monitor 1 $20.00 Portal and Hosting 1 $150.00 Iphone App 1 $0.00 Installation (@$120/hr) 8 hours $960.00

Total per Installation $1,798.50

Table 5 Initial cost of individual products with approximate installation costs per house

There are a few factors that will affect the initial cost of the technology. The size of the system and its complexity will alter the cost of the system. If it is large with a lot of devices to be installed this will increase the time of installation. Also, if there are a lot of issues with range, connectivity, or installation locations, then the installation time will also increase. The amount of devices desired to be used with the Home Area Network will increase the cost as well since the system is priced per device.

At this time there are no plans for incremental costs. After the initial purchase and installation, the user should not incur and additional fees outside of desired upgrades or additions.

Preliminary Lab Test Results Preliminary installation and performance tests were performed in a laboratory environment prior to actual in-home field evaluations. The lab test was performed at UCSD and was independent of the field evaluation. Below are the summarized results of the testing,

Ease of Installation  Difficult to install o communication between devices and home base was continuously lost o took approx. 14 hours for one installation with a lot of trial and error o range was an issue: need extenders if working with large homes o needed special tools to check for interference Page 20 of 66

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Ease of Use  Medium Difficulty  Consumer interface is easy to read and navigate, but has “bugs”  Installer interface is cluttered with multiple tabs and missing explanations on some functions o Programming devices is difficult—not something that someone who has no prior knowledge of programming is able to do easily

Connectivity  Connection between device and gateway is often lost  Difficult to establish connection to the gateway from the devices  When using power line, the power lines must be bridged otherwise cannot connect devices o Installer needs good knowledge of power line phases

Accessibility (ex: home network, web server, etc)  The whole portal is accessible through home network as well as on the web  Accessible through website

Advantages (compared to other vendors)  Can view energy usage through iPhone/Android app  Multiple apps available for this product  can control devices remotely o on/fast on/ off/ fast off  Programmable o can write program that allows certain appliances to turn off or on depending on time  Makes all information available on installer screen

Disadvantages  Connectivity o difficult to devices · information such as device type, device ID · information must be re-typed if attempt to connect fails  range can become an issue o need a dimmer switch to make a bridge  Programming is difficult  programming language can be overwhelming for those with no programming experience  Supplied 240V Load controller was not rated for outdoor use

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Evaluation of system operation and design in customer homes

Overall, there are two main quantitative points that must be measured to accomplish the tasks that have been previously mentioned. Primarily, use of the DR functionality of the HAN must result in a measureable drop in energy consumption during a simulated event and function properly during/after the event. Secondly, the gateway and mobile app must accurately measure/display the energy consumption of the home and/or devices.

Do the devices correctly respond to a DR event? YES All devices responded appropriately to the DR events. Based on the configuration, customers were alerted via email, text message, iPhone/android phone application, or the media center app. The table below shows the various DR devices used in the test and their response to the DR event notification. Also, as shown in the Project Plan, not every customer had every device.

DR Enables Device Response to Event Correct? After Event Correct? Opt-out Correct?

Decreased or increased Programmable programmed amount of Returned to previous Did not revert to Thermostat degrees (>2 degrees) Yes settings Yes original settings No Returned to previous Did not revert to Lamp Dimmer Lamp Dimmed Yes settings Yes original settings No Returned to previous Did not revert to Outlet Control Turn off outlet Yes settings Yes original settings No Pump turned off or operated Returned to previous Did not revert to Pool Pump Control on a 2 minute duty cycle Yes settings Yes original settings No Table 6 Various DR enabled devices response to event

As shown in the table the devices all appropriately responded to a simulated DR event. However, they posed issues after the event had ended. All of the devices would not revert to their original settings and continued as if still in an event. Also, this same issue occurred if a customer wished to opt-out of an event, in which they would not be able to return their devices to their normal programming.

Do the devices’ responses to a simulated DR event result in an overall power drop? Yes All of the homes surveyed showed an overall power drop during the simulated DR event. The power drops varied depending on the DR enabled devices that were installed on the specific homes and how they were programmed to respond.

Do the devices correctly monitor the energy consumption or status of the items that they are connected to or are controlling? Not always During energy measurements, it was shown that the reported values of the energy consumption of appliances were variably inaccurate. The total energy consumption value reported by the HAN in one instance was inaccurate at approximately 50% of the actual measured value. This issue was discovered to be part of an installation issue where an installed CT clamp was not completely closed.

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The inaccuracy of these values doesn’t influence the functionality of the devices. However, for users intending to track their energy consumption using these values, they will be working with inaccurate data. This may result incorrectly planning energy budgets, paybacks for their system, or adding to the HAN.

NOTE: The reviewed setup monitors energy via CT clamps at the home’s electrical panel. Another, more recent, product by the vendor adds an additional device allowing the network to be able to communicate directly to a home’s Smart Meter. This would help to avoid connectivity issues and simplify installation. However, the company’s availability to offer the method used in the evaluation is positive to early adopters who may not have a smart meter installed.

Does the system effectively alert for DR events and give users options to accept/decline? Yes

All the homes in the field evaluation were alerted to the DR event and given the option to opt-in/out over the portal. Email was the most consistent method and all users verified that they received this form of alert. Whenever so configured, customers also reported that they were alerted via a mobile text message and on the HAN central console unit.

The phone app current version at the time of the evaluation (iPhone/android) didn’t alert the customer that a DR event was in progress and didn’t have an option to opt-in/out. Customers still would be able to participate in events if they had their system to automatically opt-in but may cause frustration if they are not easily able to opt out. The opposite is also true where if customers atomically opt-out but are not notified or easily able to participate in events.

The mobile app vendor recognizes these drawbacks and states this is work in progress at the moment. The vendor stated that the newest version will contain DR support allowing the user to view DR messages and prices, and Opt-in/out messages.

Are the devices able to communicate effectively as designed? Yes However, there were various intermittent connectivity issues that arose on multiple devices.

 The HAN had trouble communicating (delayed readings) with the meter due to the customer having a metal garage door.  A thermostat repeatedly lost connection which was sourced to having interference with a baby monitor. During troubleshooting for this issue, the system had to be reset and the rest of the system’s settings were lost.  When the program opens on the mobile app, the device displays ‘not found’ every time, then works  The mobile app took about 15 seconds for a command to go through

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Customer feedback from in-home testing

After installation and the home evaluation of the HAN devices the users were asked to complete a demographical survey and respond to the specific technology that was installed in their home. This will allow us to identify the potential market for expansion and how easily it could be integrated into a home. The reader should note that this survey was not made to supply representative data of a mass market implementation and is not normalized for this purpose. Thus, the survey results are meant to be purely informational.

Customer Details

As detailed in the M&V Plan [page 45], a selection criterion was established to choose what users would be focused on for the field evaluations. This included mostly home feature that would be common for a user of this type of technology, such as higher energy bills, and appliances such as AC and pool pumps.

The survey gathered personal data that may be used as input to the design of a market study to determine how wide of a population would be interested in this product, as well. The survey determined that there was no specification to age within the study with home owners ranging from 25 to 65+. Also, the amount of people living in the home ranged from 2-5. The most important trait that all homeowners in the survey had that at least one person in the household was employed in a technical field. This included: telecommunications or internet services, building or controls management systems, home automation, or other electronics, electrical, hardware or software engineering.

Properties of the home were included in the survey and most metrics showed that these didn’t influence to overall benefits of the technology. Although energy bills were required to be higher, this included a wide range of square footage that a house may have, ranging from 1610 to 3900 sq. ft. The age of the homes ranged from new to 40 years as well.

Customer Energy Habits

Part of the survey given was to survey the energy consciousness of the users. These questions were used to determine how much knowledge the users had on their energy consumption and if they were proactive on finding possible way to reduce their usage base for environmental or financial reasons.

Overall, all the customers in the survey were energy conscious. Within the past 2 years they had all at least employed CFL or other energy efficient light bulbs; this was also a measure that they all desired to expand within the next year. The following figure, Figure 4, shows energy efficient methods that the users currently take advantage of or plan to in the next 12 months.

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Figure 4 Number of users that have already employed energy efficient technologies and plan to in the upcoming year

The users in the evaluation also had some knowledge of how the utility works. The users at least “knew something about it” when asked on their level of knowledge to smart meters, time of use (TOU) pricing, and demand response. Also, 4 out of the 5 users responded that someone in their household stays on top or new developments in energy efficiency, smart applications, home automation, and renewable energy. Lastly, customers were surveyed on how they do or will shop on future smart appliance; the results are shown in Table 7.

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Ranking in importants of product features when purchasing a smart appliance

1 (most) Rebates or cost incentirve

2 Total Cost

3 Ability to save money on energy costs

4 Brand

Ability to monitor/control via internet or 5 smartphone

6 (least) Ability to get maintainance/repair alerts

Table 7 How customers currently/or plan to shop for smart appliances

Figure 5 User feedback on potential HAN product purchases

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Product Feedback

Concerning feedback on the actual product, the users were asked a series of question and they were asked to determine their personal agreement. The questions are seen below in Figure 6

Figure 6 Product user evaluations statements/question

Figure 7 Customer need for mobile app.

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As can be seen in the figures, there was positive overall feedback with the HAN devices. Users responded that they used the product(s) frequently and thought they were generally easy to use. This also may be slightly skewed because the majority of users also responded that they considered themselves tech savvy, which a lot of the general population may not.

There were two areas of concern though. The customers were about neutral (half for and half against) about the online customer portal. One user was not happy with his experience as well. Also, the users overall responded that they would not purchase this product if it were not for the mobile app capability. This is in agreement with the users responding that they use the mobile app frequently. This can clearly show that mobile access for control and monitoring that this technology focuses on is a priority for users in HAN technology adoption.

The full survey results can be seen in the appendix.

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Energy and demand savings

Energy and demand savings will inherently occur if the customer “opts-in” to a load reduction during a demand event. Although, the numerical amount of load that is reduced directly depends on the customer and variables such as DR enabled devices, consumption of each device, how the customer wishes to reduce load of each device during an event, and what tariff the customer is on. Due to these variables, it can only be said that if a customer participates in a DR event and reduces load, their overall energy consumption will be reduced and reflected by their control strategy on these devices.

Table 8 Graphical representation of power drop of a specific sector in home during simulated DR event, involving a thermostat and pool pump (6:29 pm-6:39pm). NOTE: Figure is an example of power drop using HAN and not necessarily representative of a larger test pool or market study.

The overall power drops ranged from as little as 0.1kW to as high as 1.9kW. The low end involved a customer who only employed one thermostat and a few dimmable lights; however, the home only had heat and no AC, so there wasn’t anything in use with this thermostat and the test basically just dimmed a few lights. The high end power drop involved a customer who was using two thermostats both with AC, two appliance controllers, and a pool controller. The DR event resulted in dropping both AC temperatures by 5 degrees each and turned off the appliances and the pool pump completely. The field evaluation taken in the study of this technology did show an overall power drop during a simulated Demand Event. As stated earlier, the drops were uncorrelated to each other due to the large variance in device and control strategies. Savings are also variable year to year as well which makes

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them difficult to predict. The Utility enacts Demand Events during time of extremely high consumption, which is usually correlated to weather patterns. Since these are nearly impossible to predict well enough to create a savings chart, savings can only be predicted based on estimated DR days and potential load drops for devices.

Overall, it is important to note that savings and payback times for similar projects will vary with the following:

 Initial cost of device and installation  Utility rates and incentives  Control strategy  Individual appliance energy consumption  Frequency of Utility enacted Demand Events

Actual energy savings were not recorded due to the Demand Response events being demonstrational and lasting less than 10 minutes. The objective within the study was to monitor a power drop to measure potential of enabled devices that are controlled during a Demand Event. However, results from 2011 SDG&E pilot programs estimate power drops from DR events as shown in Figure 8.

Based on 2011 HAN Pilots Customer Type HAN Device Type Units kW/Unit Total kW Total MW Small Customer Thermostats (PCT) 500 0.8 400 0.4 Residential Thermostats (PCT) 350 0.49 171.5 0.1715 Load Control Switch for Residential pool pumps 40 1.5 60 0.06 Plug Load Control switch for Residential small appliances 300 0.06 18 0.018 Total 649.5 0.649

Figure 8 Load drop during DR events from 2011 HAN pilot program

By using this table, average load drop per installation can be calculated. If it is assumed that each residential customer uses a thermostat, load control pool pump switch and a plug load controller switch for small appliances they will drop 0.49 kW, 1.5kW, and 0.06 kW, respectively. This adds up to 2.05 kW potential power drop for each HAN installation.

This data can also be used to show estimated energy savings per year for the residential customer. SDG&E uses standard DR events to last from 11am to 6pm, which is a 7 hour time span. By using an average power drop of 2.05kW drop for a DR event, this can be extended into potential energy and cost savings per year depending on the number of DR events per year, as shown in

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Annual savings with Annual savings with PTR Annual kwh Annual savings PTR incentives using DR days/year incentive ($0.75/kWh saved ($0.16 per kWh) enabling technology drop) ($1.25/kwh drop) 2 28.70 $4.59 $26.12 $40.47 3 43.05 $6.89 $39.18 $60.70 4 57.40 $9.18 $52.23 $80.93 8 114.80 $18.37 $104.47 $161.87 10 143.50 $22.96 $130.59 $202.34 12 172.20 $27.55 $156.70 $242.80

Table 9 Potential energy and cost savings with respect to DR days per year, PTR incentives based on current program specifications

For reference purposes, SDG&E labeled the following amount of days ‘DR days’ in the associated years: 2 in 2008, 9 in 2009, 14 in 2010, and 6 in 2011.

Installation Experience

Overall Physical Installation

The installation process was difficult. Communications between the devices and the home base was continuously lost, and one technician took 6 hours to physically install the devices. Range was also an issue with a consistent need for range extenders if working with mid-sized homes

Issues during installation

 The installation kitting was sometimes found not to be complete; for instance, an Ethernet cable was not provided.

 The pool controller and the electrical meter (w/ CT clamps) were not rated for outdoor use. In one installation, the pool controller was conveniently located in an enclosed room but this is not always predictable, so this can cause installation difficulties or need for addition enclosures. At another install, a weatherproof box had to be purchased to be able to install the electrical meter.

 During installation of the wireless thermostats, the RF modem was unable to connect to neither of two thermostats. A dual mode dimmer (used as a phase bridge) needed to be used to make the connection.

 One customer owned a new 3-phase pool pump which is a new variable speed pump. The vendor controller is only functional towards 2-phase pumps and there were no 3-phase controllers available.

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 One home owner, post-primary installation, moved the modem out of a wall socket and placed it into a surge protector. This created problems in connecting to the switches and needed to be directly plugged into the wall.

 One of the home energy monitors required drilling through a cabinet and then into the electrical meter from behind. This caused a connection issue and two repeaters needed to be installed.

Future issues dealing with the energy monitor/meter and its installation into the electrical panel shouldn’t be greatly focused on because this is currently a method by the vendor allowing users to monitor home energy without relaying the information from Smart meters (which are not broadcasting yet). When they begin broadcasting, the vendor has a device able to wireless communicate with the meter, so these installation issues will not occur.

Overall Programming

The user has poor usability and lack of context help. Programming the devices was difficult and would not be easily completed by the average home owner. Although, it was noted that the system in general would be very useful for someone with a programming background due to the amount of customization available.

Issues during device setup

 The HAN control unit (out-of-box) needed to have a firmware upgrade to work with the portal.

 The devices’ ‘search mode’, which would allow for easy connecting, was not reliable.

 The HAN control unit did not work well with older computers; one instance showed the login screen reappearing. Vendor confirmed problem and noted that this is a potential problem with computers over 5 years old.

Once installation are streamlined, if a mass market implementation is considered, the setup of a basic configuration may be cheaper because common installation problems, like above, will be fixed.

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Applicability of IOU programs and tariffs

San Diego Gas & Electric provides various customer rates that fit a wide variety of groups. Currently there are no customary plans that provide benefits to residential customers that are willing to alter energy usage according to peak times or demand events.[6]

Schedule PTR

This program is currently active at the time of this report. This program is called “Schedule PTR (Peak Time Rebate)”. The Schedule is applicable to customers receiving electric bundled residential service through a residential rate schedule that requires separate metering. CARE customers and Net Energy Metering customers are also eligible. The program provides bill credits based on kWh reductions (from a baseline) during peak time hours, known as Peak Time Rebate (PTR) event. Customers that participate this solely by reducing their energy consumption during PTR hours will receive a $0.75/ kWh bill credit for their efforts. However if the customer has enabling technology, such as HAN devices, they will receive a higher rate of $1.25/kWh.

On this schedule the Utility will notify customers of PTR events by mass media, e-mail, and will post notification on the Utility’s website. The technology that is considered ‘Enabling’ is defined to be technology which can be initiated via a signal from the Utility that will reduce electric energy end-use for specific electric equipment or appliances, is included in a designated Utility demand response program, and has been registered with the Utility by the customer. [6]

Other Residential Programs

The Utility also offers various other programs/schedules that rate customers can be on. The schedules include DR (Domestic Residential), DR-TOU (Domestic Time of Use), DR-SES ( Domestic with Solar Energy Systems), E-CARE (Alternative Rate Programs) and other programs of various specific purposes such as multifamily or Electric Vehicle Services. None of these programs benefit via incentive or rebate for reducing load specifically during a Demand Event. Although, regardless of program, shedding load at a needed time is beneficial to the Utility and also to the customer by reducing their personal consumption. DR-TOU may result in the most benefit for a DR enabled technology because demand event occur during the hours of 12-6pm, during which TOU customers are “on-peak”. Also, there are no active programs that give benefit to customers who are using Demand Response enabled devices. [6]

Potential Future Programs

SDG&E’s destination with these pilot programs is to eventually transmission to a more real-time/time of day pricing schedule. As will be discusses later (Pg 39 “HAN impact to SDG&E roadmap”) SDG&E is slated to come out with more pilots in the next few years to introduce enabled technology and demand reduction to the public.[7]

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Conclusions

Benefits of HAN with Mobile Apps

The HAN device with Mobile Applications showed a variety of potential benefits to the customers depending on how they chose to use the technology and to what extent. As stated earlier, the maximum applicability and usefulness of the technology depended on a customer’s energy consumption, demand-enabled devices, control strategies implemented, and desire to use the benefits of the technology. The benefits of Home Area Network with Mobile Apps knowledge and technology span a variety of areas: customer use of new technology, appliance control, Utility communication, reduced energy bills, and comparisons with other HAN technologies.

Customer Use of New Technology

Customer feedback reports showed that Mobile Apps integration with Home Area Network technology would be crucial to the adoption of this technology specific to this vendor. Although only 5 users were exposed and evaluated with this technology, over half responded that they would not purchase this technology if it didn’t include a mobile application. So they fact that this was included in the package was a large benefit. Since information was accessible through an online portal users were able to monitor their energy consumption (although current inaccurate) via the mobile app. The mobile app also allows users to control their appliances remotely and respond to DR events. This will help make it more convenient for users to learn and participate in Demand programs and events.

Appliance Control

Home Area Network technology allows for the next phase of appliance control. By making all appliances linked via a central hub and given the ability to communicate, customers can take advantage of this new knowledge to orchestrate energy use and adapt to more energy conscious behaviors. With the online portal or online app users will be able to control lamps, fans, thermostats, or pool pumps at a single location to help curb energy consumption during a utility DR event or any other purpose. This capability will empower users to fully control their home energy and eliminate waste. The user survey showed that the user interface was easy to use as well which is a benefit for this vendor.

Utility Communication

Benefits to Utility and communication with the Utility are a part of the SDG&E road map that HAN is evolving on and by having the capability to communicate in any way is a benefit. Currently the evaluated HAN technology is only able to communicate with the utility via an online portal. From this gateway, the utility can announce DR events and also monitor a response from the customer with regards to a power drop. Currently, there is a rate schedule entitled Peak Time Rebate (PTR) which allows a customer to receive incentives by the amount of power shed during a DR event. This will allow the customer to maximize efficiency with their energy budgets and consumption. Also, the PTR

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schedule also offers an even larger incentive to those that use DR enabled devices such as HAN technology.

In the field evaluation, the technology allowed communication with the Utility solely by the online portal. However, the vendor does provide an alternate solution of an additional device that is capable of communicating with the smart meter. This will allow the HAN to directly receive price and DR messages. This was not evaluated because the Utility Smart Meters currently do not broadcast anything. Although, it will be more advantageous for the Utility to communicate with the HAN via the smart meter, by having the ability to communicate with an online portal and with DR enabled devices the vendor provides an excellent alternative that allows for communication.

Reduce Energy Bills

Given the option and taking advantage of Demand Response load reduction, customer energy bills will be reduced by simply consuming less, regardless of the time of day or purpose. Also, if rate schedule schedules include incentives for shedding load during Demand events a customer can receive a monetary incentive, they may be able to earn even more if they are using enabled appliances.

Mobile Apps also gives customers the ability to remotely monitor their energy use outside of their home. If they leave certain appliances on or leave set-points on thermostats too high, they have the ability to turn them off and conserve energy.

Comparison with Other HAN devices/systems

The vendor HAN technology evaluated here poses some advantages over other technologies. One advantage is that most of the devices on this system were designed with multiple two types of communications methods, RF and Powerline. This allows for some redundancies in the system in case there are issues with communication distances or breaks in the system (such as separate electric grids/meters).

The Online portal that is accessible by the Utility is also a great advantage. Although the Utility does not guarantee reliable communication via the internet for DR events, it still allows customers to be messaged and participate in events and possible receive incentives for their participation.

The mobile apps, although with customer recommended improvements, is still a great benefit. By allowing customers to monitor their energy consumption in real-time with their phone (as opposed to a stand along portal device) information is much more accessible and greatly encourages use and ‘customer empowerment’.

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System Improvement Opportunities

There were various areas that customers/installers commented about that should be focused on for areas of system improvement: installation design/obstacles, communication issues, DR functionality, and customer expectations on usability.

Installation

The installation process, while not a primary focus on the HAN evaluation, still allowed for some recommended improvements to the design. Like stated earlier, since there were only 5 customers evaluated, there is high probability that the issues discovered would be more common in a larger test field. General installation improvements included,

 Design installation kitting more complete for various types of housing, or create optional accessories/ add-ins that may be applicable to more specific house setups o Installation difficulty included no having outdoor rated housings/devices o Also, user discovered error with plugging modem through surge protector  State, prior to installation and/or purchase, common appliance that may interfere with communications frequencies and possible fixes i.e. baby monitor  State list of compatible devices (or specifications) for in-line meters; user had issue with in-line pool controller not being compatible with 2phase pump (controller required 3-phase)  Include electrical meter cross-checking during CT clamp installation; due to an incorrect installation of CT clamp, the measured energy consumption was found to be 50% off at one residents home.

NOTE: this issue will be avoided with inclusion of Smart Meter commutating device (currently available)

Communication

There were a few communication issues with different devices during the configuration of the vendor devices. The sources of the errors were able to be discovered but some alteration to the design or recommendation to setup may help avoid initial issues. These may be resolved with programming design change or simple revised setup instructions.

 Communication through a metal garage door delayed readings  Message of ‘not found’ displays every time when user opened program  As also stated in installation section, baby monitor interfered with devices

Demand Response Functionality

Demand Response is a key feature of this product to the Utility because it paves the way for more established price driven rate schedules. This product showed some issues with DR regarding appliance functionality; these issues appear to be software programming and can be easily improved.

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 Customers request to ‘opt-out’ of DR functionality did not return system to normal settings  Customers were not able to opt-out via mobile app

NOTE: Vendor comments that these issues are resolved in current version of software.

Customer Expectations

User experience on this field evaluation is a priority of concern with the Utility. This helps to determine large scale acceptance of HAN technology in a mass market deployment. These specific devices, once fully commissioned, function well yet users still commented on certain expectation. These may or may not have been negatives to the original design, simply general desires.

 Customers expected mobile apps to display DR notifications  Mobile apps doesn’t provide a method for opting out of DR event

NOTE: Vendor comments that these issues are resolved in current version of software

General

The reviewed system receives home energy consumption by directly monitoring at the electrical panels. This is a complicated installation procedure and as found, it incorrectly installed can give very inaccurate results. It is highly recommended for the inclusion of the currently available device that can communicate with the smart meters. This will avoid electrical work in the panels and allow for reliable information from the Utility. This is only categorized as a system improvement solely because it was not evaluated in this evaluation.

Applicability of case study findings to other load types, sectors, and sites

The technology included in the field evaluation is to be specifically used in residential homes at this moment. Commercial and industrial already has much more complex methods of managing energy, such as Building Management Systems, BMS. These usually have individuals dedicated to maintaining building energy status as well.

This may be applicable to small office buildings where utilities may be of similar need as to large residential customers. The incentives and rate schedules would not be classified under residential so further research into the monetary value and applicability would be needed.

Considerations for large-scale and persistent market implementation

Currently, in regards to monitoring and controlling devices, this technology is ready for large scale implementation into a large number of residential homes. The user feedback was overall positive to the technology with an affinity towards the mobile applications. Also, if measuring actual energy usage is an objective this technology needs fixes since the actual number output were very inaccurate.

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Some simplification into the initial configuration of the system may be desired. Of the users evaluated, all had some technical background but still found issues difficult. However, one setup the users were able to use the system easily and found it user friendly.

In the field evaluation DR implementation is possible through a signal given through the vendor’s internet portal. If customer wide DR signals need to be given, then the Utility will need to communicate over the web in addition to signals given via the Smart Meters. At current state, the web portal is beneficial since no signals are actively being given over the Smart Meters so these customers still have a method to communicate. However when Smart Meters become the main path of communication of DR signals, communication of DR signals over internet may not be guaranteed by the Utility (currently stated in the PTR program). At that point the vendor device capable of communicating with Smart Meters is highly recommended.

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Impact of HAN devices to SDG&E (and other CA Utility) roadmap 2011-2020

The Home Area Network devices are currently in the field test stage within the CA Utility territories. These devices represent the forward progress of the Utility to establish a smart grid and educate its consumers on energy consciousness. [109]

Figure 9 SDG&E Home Area Network Time As of November 2011, excerpt taken from SDG&E Advice Letter 2307 [7]

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Figure 9 shows the general timeline that SDG&E has established for Home Area Network development within its territory. The highlighted region represents ongoing projects within the HAN outline that may pertain to the technology reviewed in this evaluation. As stated earlier the only current residential schedule rate that takes advantage of HAN technology is the PTR. Along this same path, Optional TOD (Time of Day) or Optional PSH (Peak Shift at Home) will follow, which are both schedules which will be created to help level out a customer’s energy use throughout an entire day and eliminate peaks.

The second highlighted row within the timeline shows Zigbee standards’ development process. Zigbee is a standard communications protocol used by Smart Meters to communicate with in-home utilities. This type of communications makes Automated Demand Response directly from the Smart Meter possible. However, the technology reviewed does not include a method for Zigbee communications. For the simulated DR event a signal was put in via the vendor’s online portal. Although the lack of technology may appear as a setback, with current issues slowing the establishment of Zigbee technology, by having a functioning online portal a Utility still has a pathway to communicate to enabled devices. It is important to note that currently the Utility specifically states in the PTR rate schedule that they DO NOT guarantee consistent communication to customers of DR events via mass media, internet site, or email.

The third highlighted row in Figure 9 shows various pilot programs for HAN devices. These include low- income In-home display (LI-IHD), low-income programmable controlling thermostats (LI-PCT), Solar Energy Systems (SES), Residential Automated Controls Technology (RACT) Pilot, price-driven Load Management (PDLM). All of these programs/pilots are meant to educate Utility customers first hand into the future of energy management. By giving users more opportunities to gather information on their energy consumption (IHD and PCT) they will be more conscious to their daily needs. This technology review falls in the RACT pilot, where chosen customers are evaluated on their experience with PCT, web portal communications, and smart appliances.

The last highlighted row shows future/pending HAN offerings and programs to continue the expansion of HAN technology adoption. In D.11-07-056 Ordering Paragraph 11 the CPUC ordered PG&E, SCE, and SDG&E to develop a HAN implementation plan that should include an established roll-out implementation strategy, including a timetable for making HAN functionality and benefits generally accessible to customers in a manner similar across all three companies. This OP also required HAN activation to discuss key issues, such as costs, expanded data access and data granularity, current and evolving national standards and security risk mitigation [9]. This field evaluation covers many of these issues which follows the roadmap timeline. Also, Small Customer Technology Deployment (SCTD) will further this by distributing more HAN technology to customers for more in depth evaluations.[10]

The overall goal of HAN in the SDG&E roadmap is for “customer empowerment”. SDG&E labels this as a term for educating customers on new energy saving technology and to educate themselves on the future of the Utility. Currently SDG&E is looking at 2013 to begin roll out of dynamic rate plans to residential customers. By using HAN technology, customers will be able to use their knowledge to minimize their energy needs and consumption.

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Glossary and Acronyms

AC Air Conditioning

ADR Automated Demand Response

App Application, commonly for mobile phones

BMS Building Management System

CFL Compact Fluorescent

CPUC California Public Utilities Commission

CT Current Transformer

DR Demand Response and also common residential tariff

DR-PTR Domestic Residential- Peak Time Rebate

DR-TOU Domestic Residential- Time of Use

EE Energy Efficiency

EMS Energy Management System

GHz Gigahertz

HAN Home Area Network

HomePlug HAN Communication Protocol

HP horsepower

HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers kW Kilowatts kWh Kilowatt hours

LAN Local Area Network

LCS Hardwired Control System

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Li-IHD Low-income In Home Display

Li-PCT Low-income Programmable Communicating Thermostat

OpenADR Open Source Auto Demand Response

PCT Programmable Communicating Thermostat

PDLM Price Driven Load Management

PG&E Pacific Gas & Electric

PLC Plug Load Controller

PLM Plug Load Monitor

PLS Peak Load Shift

PSH Peak Shift at Home

PTR Peak Time Rebate

RACT Residential Automated Controls Technology

RASS Residential Appliance Saturation Survey

RF Radio Frequency

RF Radio Frequency

SCE Southern California Edison

SCTD Small Customer Technology Deployment

SDG&E San Diego Gas & Electric

SES Solar Energy System

TOD Time of Day

TOU Time-of-Use

UCSD University of California, San Diego

UL Underwriters Laboratory

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UST Upgradeable Setback Thermostats

V Volt

WAN Wide Area Network

WiFi Wireless local area network

ZigBee Low-power high-frequency wireless protocol

Z-wave Low-power RF protocol

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NEGAWATT HOME AREA NETWORKS WITH MOBILE APPLICATIONS CONSULTING

References

[1]http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2013standards/prerulemaking/documents/2011-06- 09_workshop/review/2013_CASE_Upgradeable_Setback_Thermostats_2011_06_08.pdf [2]http://www.energy.ca.gov/2008publications/CEC-400-2008-001/CEC-400-2008-001-CMF.PDF [3]https://www.homeplug.org/home/ [4]http://www.zigbee.org/ [5]http://www.z-wavealliance.org/modules/AllianceStart/ [6]http://regarchive.sdge.com/tm2/pdf/ELEC_ELEC-SCHEDS_PTR.pdf [7]http://regarchive.sdge.com/tm2/pdf/2307-E.pdf [8] DemandResponse2012-2014-Projects_Test_SDGE_20110301Atch01_207224.ppt (please contact the authors for access to this document) [9] http://www.part68.org/documents/meetingrec/11-Meetings/ACTA-11-021_ELEC_3956-E%20.pdf [10] http://www.energy.ca.gov/electricity_analysis/notices/2011-04- 26_drmec_workshop/presentations/SDGE_DR_Enrollment_2010.pdf [11]http://www.jbsenergy.com/downloads/Know_Your_Customers_Paper.pdf [12] http://www.aclaratech.com/Pages/default.aspx [13] http://calicoenergy.com/page.php?page_id=5 [14] www.consert.com/products-and-services/products [15] http://www.control4.com/ [16] http://www.energateinc.com/ [17] http://www.energyhub.com/ [18] http://www.geappliances.com/home-energy-manager/ [19] http://www.insteonsmartgrid.com/about-us.html [20] http://opower.com/ [21] http://www.silverspringnet.com/ [22] http://www.spacetimeinsight.com/ [23] http://www.universal-devices.com/

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Appendix A: Measurement & Verification Plan

Introduction

This measurement plan is an integral part of the project described in “REMA Phase 2 Evaluation Statement of Work and Estimate” [1] and “REMA Phase II Project Plan” [2].

It follows the guidelines established in [3].

It has been designed to accurately assess both the baseline performance of the incumbent technology (or standard practice in the absence of an incumbent) and the performance of the technology under study.

It has been designed in compliance with one of the evaluation methods identified in the International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPVMP) except where site- or technology-specific circumstances dictated a deviation from one of these protocols. The Measurement Plan identifies selected IPMVP method to be used or the justification for any deviations from IPMVP.

All instrumentation under the control of evaluation staff shall be calibrated in accordance with guidelines established in the IPMVP as described in [3].

For field evaluations, all reasonable efforts shall be made to calibrate or replace any customer-owned instrumentation or where this is not possible, to document the calibration status of such instrumentation.

Measurement uncertainty for each monitoring device will be documented. An error analysis evaluating the uncertainty associated with energy and demand savings estimates will be required for the Final Report.

All instrumentation will be commissioned prior to initiating data collection to ensure that measurement and logging systems are functioning properly, to minimize risk of unusable data sets.

Any anomalous data will be investigated and explained. Following investigation, careful consideration will be given to whether such data should be incorporated in the analysis or replaced by additional data collection.

Any events that occur at customer premises during the data collection period that are likely to compromise the validity of the assessment project and that are beyond the control of evaluation staff will be communicated to program management without delay.

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Test site description

The test sites for this project are San Diego based existing residential homes, which are the market of the technology. This project is a functional test to gather initial feedback and data for a future project with a representative list of test sites. The selection process of the residential homes in the project was based on the following desired criteria:  Preferably mostly electric single family home with electric resistance water heater (as opposed to heat pump or propane) and electric stove.  High monthly electric bills (over $100)  Preferably Active use of an air conditioning system  Broadband internet (must have)  Used 700 kWh of electricity or higher per month (must have)  Preferably a home with a swimming pool. From these criteria, 6 homes were chosen to participate in the project. The table below provides a detailed description of the 6 residential sites as to what devices they currently have in their house that may be applicable to the technology.

Project ID Customer # Climate AC Pool Spa Elec Elec Solar Smart Zone Dryer Water Phone [7] Heater Mobile App 17 7 No Yes No No No No Yes Mobile App 18 7 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Mobile App 19 7 Yes Yes Yes No No No No Mobile App 20 7 Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Mobile App 21 7 No Yes No No No No Yes Mobile App 22 7 No No No No No No Yes

For the different sites, the site-specific factors (e.g. anticipated changes in a production facility) that could obfuscate the impact of the technology under study on the functionality of the technology as well as energy and demand savings are:  The technical savviness of the customer  Climate zone and age of the home, as they will affect AC usage  The customer utilizing a Smart Phone application  The amount of time the customer is at home and uses energy  Any fluctuation of normal energy using patterns  Behavioral patterns and habits of the customer

Data collection procedures

The main objective of this project, as also specified in [3] is to assess whether the technologies perform as designed and to obtain homeowner feedback in order to determine the readiness for a large-scale, persistent implementation. The data to be monitored in this project will be measurements from sensors as well as personal feedback of those involved.

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This project will be focused on one vendor for a Home Area Network (HAN) with mobile apps. This will include a mobile application and review of various other devices provided by the vendor that work with the HAN, which are described in the following table.

Mobile Apps devices

Device Purpose Data Gateway Home base that collects and sends Functionality: Check that device information information between devices and on portal is accurate. puts it on the portal Modem Provides the link between the EMS Functionality: Cannot directly check but will and the controllable devices; reads be confirmed from other devices. RF and powerline PCT adapter Allows RF communication between Functionality: Cannot directly check but will the thermostat and modem be confirmed from the thermostat. LCS Used to control/monitor pool pump Functionality: Confirm that during DR event, the Controller responds correctly. Accuracy: Measure power/power drop during DR event. Programmable Used to control devices that are Functionality: Confirm that during DR event, Load Control plugged in the appliance responds correctly. Accuracy: Measure power/power drop during DR event. Meter Used to monitor energy usage of Accuracy: Confirm the power measurements plugged devices from each of the plugged devices.

Lamp Dimmer Used to control lamps including the Functionality: Confirm that the lamps power respond correctly to controls. Accuracy: Confirm the power difference when controls are used. Programmable Programmable thermostat used to Functionality: Confirm that during DR event, Communicating control temperature the thermostat responds correctly. This will Thermostat also check the Thermostat Adapter

Mobile App Used to monitor all devices and Functionality: Confirm that during DR event, control devices that are plugged into the mobile phone is alerted. the PLC Portal Used to program schedules and Functionality: Confirm that the program acts settings into the thermostat and accordingly by observing the system as a other devices linked together whole. Home Used to monitor power consumption Accuracy: Confirm the power measurements Monitoring then is sent to the portal via gateway from the home consumption. System

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Data points The data that is necessary in order to accomplish the specified objectives are: 1) The product’s technical specifications versus its performance on a lab work bench. Students at the University of California, San Diego will provide lab testing for each technology and explain the product and how it operates. 2) The power drop of the entire home during a demand/response event. For homes with DR enabled Appliances or other plug loads (see section Instrumentation) this will also show the power drop for individual appliances. 3) Individual plug loads where applicable 4) The general behavior of the technology during the demand/response simulation. It will be based off a survey evaluation completed during the simulation. This will include observing the devices, web portal and Smart Phones alerts during the simulation (for those technologies that apply). 5) Customer satisfaction and implementation which will be evaluated through a survey that each customer will complete at the completion of the project. This will give an overall view of the customer’s perception of the technology. 6) Utility bills of each residential home. We will study the possible impact on the customer’s energy consumption and cost with the new technologies. The results will be used to determine the population necessary for a future detailed analysis, which in turn would allow for a statewide prediction of saving potential.

Data sampling, recording and collection intervals

Each residential customer home involved in this project will be tested and evaluated. The controls for the tests in this project are the results of the homes when the technologies are not in operation.

A main portion of this project is the demand/response simulation at the residential home. This simulation will occur after the technologies are installed in each of the homes. Each home will have at least one simulated and evaluated DR event with NegaWatt Consulting’s presence at the home. During the simulation, the technology will be alerted about a DR signal from the ‘utility’ via an online web portal. Once this occurs, the customer will be prompted from one of the installed devices if they would like to participate in the event. For some of the technologies, this alert may be sent to their mobile device and/or computer. Once the DR event begins, the technologies will be observed if they react properly. The power drop (kW) of the home will be directly measured for immediate impact. The power drop will depend on the expected response from the technology and if the controlled appliances were operating before the DR event. At the conclusion of the DR event, the technology will be observed to determine if the home returns back to its original state and all appliances are properly working.

The customers will receive one online survey by NegaWatt Consulting only at the completion of the demand/response simulation. They will complete and submit the survey on the spot. This evaluation

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will reflect the feedback the customers had of the technologies. The table below is a detailed description of how to conduct DR Simulation during the visit:

Technology DR Simulation

1) Go to the online portal 2) Enter the given username and password 3) Click over the "Admin" tab, then click on "Demand Response" 4) Fill out the Demand Response form: a) Provider: SDG&E b) Sent to: Device (for individual home simulation), and enter gateway c) Node: Default d) Event Type: Start Demand Response HAN w/ 5) Select a level of "Criticality" Mobile App 6) Fill out the "Load" section: Devices a) Load Adjustment: % of dim for dimmable lights b) Duty Cycle: % of total time (specified by user) that the device should be off 7) Set Thermostat controls: offset = difference in temperature from current set temperature (ΔT>2°) 8) Set the start time and duration for the DR simulation 9) In device classes, indicate which devices shall participate in the DR simulation. Generally, the input should be "All" 10) Click "Submit"

Below is a checklist that describes the task for NegaWatt Consulting to take during a DR simulation visit:

 1 Look at utility and home online portal- figure out the username and password a. Observe what is on/off, DR enabled, thermostat settings, etc  2 Customer to fill out survey  3 Observe the PLCs and confirm they are all operational  4 Check power usage at the home and compare to the online portal  5 Run DR simulation: a. Check alerts: email, phone, online portal, in-home display b. DR simulation begins at the indicated time c. Power drop d. DR simulation ends at the indicated time e. Do appliances turn on/off as they should f. Thermostat  6 Run DR again and opt out to check functionality

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 7 Check random plug load appliances with Kill-o-wattz  8 Check online usage rating price v. SDG&E's tiered charge rates

The collection interval for the energy and cost analysis will be up to two billing periods, one of the months prior to the installation and another after installation. The utility bills under observation should be as similar as possible in terms of outside factors such as weather which will affect HVAC use and the amount of time the customer is home; normalization may be performed as needed if outside factors vary too much during the observation period.

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Instrumentation

Tools and instruments that will be used in the project are:

 Outside weather temperature for the utility bill comparison. Weather Underground and Weather Bug (http://www.wunderground.com/ and weatherbug.com) are an online source that provides several local climate measurements, including weather. There are several stations of weather measurements that are located relatively close to the homes in order to have accurate comparisons. Since the utility comparison will be based from monthly bills, the weather measurements will be downloaded on a daily average as a comma delimited text file, then stored and charted with Microsoft Excel 2007.  A Fluke 1735 Three Phase Power Logger device for whole house power consumption. The 1735 conducts energy consumption testing by logging most electrical power parameters and captures voltage events. Calibration of the Fluke 1735 was done on 3/30/2011. The values that will be measured are energy and power. Measuring range and accuracy for the main variables of the power logger are: o Voltage (V-RMS Wye measurement) Range (V-RMS Wye): 57 / 66 / 110 / 120 / 127 / 220 / 230/ 240 / 260 / 277 / 347 / 380 / 400 / 417 / 480 V AC Range (V-RMS Delta): 100 / 115 / 190 /208 / 220 / 380 / 400 / 415 / 450 / 480 / 600 / 660 / 690 / 720 / 830 V AC Resolution: 0.1 V Intrinsic error: ± (0.2% of measured value + 5 digits) Operating error: ± (0.5% of measured value + 10 digits) o Current (A-RMS) Range: 15 A / 150 A / 3000 A RMS (non-distorted sine wave) Resolution: 0.01 A For ranges 150 A/3000 A Intrinsic error: •± (0.5 % of m. v. + 10 digit) Operating error: ± (1 % of m. v. + 10 digit) For range 15 A Intrinsic error: ± (0.5 % of m. v. + 20 digit) Operating error: ± (1 % of m. v. + 20 digit) Note: Power measurement errors from the Fluke 1735 are calculated by adding the errors of voltage and current and including error of power factor (specified error x [1- power factor error]).  Kill-a-watt EZ will be used to check if the devices on the plug load/power strips are operational during a DR simulation by measuring the energy (kWh). This will be connected to all the devices in each of the residential homes that are controlled, which will ultimately depend on the technology. Factory accuracy for this device is a 0.2%

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 A survey for the DR simulation and another for customer feedback. Questions in the NegaWatt Consulting DR survey will be completed by NegaWatt staff; the customer survey will be filled out by the customers in a presence of NegaWatt staff to assist in case of questions.

The NegaWatt DR survey is shown below:

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Questions in the online customer feedback survey include (extract):

To view the full survey, use the following link: https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/7D8ZLN3 Please do NOT answer the questions from this link, as they will be deleted)

Data analysis procedures

As stated in the Introduction, all data will be reviewed before analysis and any anomaly will be investigated and explained.

Data manipulation (aggregation, statistical analysis, etc.)

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The demand response simulation survey from NegaWatt Consulting will evaluate that the technologies actually perform the way they are designed and configured. From the survey, an overall determination of the product will be based off all the houses with the same installations, as some failures may depend on different factors. If any of the overall questions indicate a failed test, then it will give insight to the product in public use. As indicated in the evaluation, a root cause analysis will be conducted for the source of these failures such as the technology itself or the installation process. The responses to this evaluation will further the in lab observations that the UCSD students provided.

The online survey service will export the results of the survey into excel once all the surveys are completed. The results of the customer feedback survey will be converted to a mathematical format. For the survey questions with 4 possible answer choices (strongly agree to strongly disagree), the answer responses will be divided into a percentage of 0-100%. The positive feedback will be associated with a higher percent, and vice versa. The response answers and the overall score will be illustrated in histogram curves. The rest of the questions will be in different mathematical format based on the question. These will then also be charted, as shown in the example figure below. With this format, the overall ‘score’ of the technology will be calculated. The scores will then be compared to the other technologies to determine which technology had the best feedback. The curves will determine the personal satisfaction and functionality of the products based on the customer.

The last section where there are comments on the customer feedback survey should provide insight into how the ‘score’ the technology came about. The comments will also give suggestions as to what will benefit the technology’s adoption into public.

Calculation of energy, demand and cost savings

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During the DR event, the Fluke 1735 Power Logger will collect the power measurements for each home. The Fluke device has two components: one that measures voltage and the other that measures current. Tools to measure these factors will be installed on the residential home’s circuit breaker to measure the entire home consumption. The Fluke 1735 will calculate and log the power from these factors while including the effects of errors and the power factor. The power will be logged at a 1 minute interval for the full period of the DR simulation. The measurements will then be downloaded as a tab-separated text file per residential home. The data will then be transferred to a spreadsheet where calculations will be presented and charts created.

With the power measurements, the power drop and/or energy reductions from the DR for each home will be calculated and then normalized into a percent of power drop or energy reduction compared to the original. Further analysis of this value will calculate an average of these factors and standard deviation for each technology. Error analysis of these calculations will be based off the inaccuracies of the power logger as provided in the Instrumentation section.

The monthly utility bills for the homes will be used to conduct a simple calculation of energy consumed with the technologies installed. First, the weather data and general information from each customer will determine which month prior to installation will be used. The mean temperature of each month will be calculated and compared. Of the months that are within a ±5⁰ margin, temperature differences will be calculated. The daily measurements will be collected for a year prior to the installation month in order to find a month similar in climate as the tested month. The temperature discrepancy from the two months will be part of the error analysis. In addition, the customer will confirm that their schedule during the month observed and a potential month prior will be similar, including vacations and energy habits at home.

The energy consumption will then be compared to the customer feedback survey. The energy savings will show if those who used their technologies to the most extent actually saved a significant amount more to those who did not. This will give an overall picture of the functionality of the technologies.

The cost calculations will use the same utility bills as the energy savings. The cost savings will take into account the amount of energy used in both months and calculate a value. Due to the various rates during the year, this value will be calculated at a rate that will normalize the cost. Similar to the energy savings calculations, the average and standard deviation of the cost savings will also be determined.

A market analysis will be conducted focusing on smart electronic appliances. This will begin with using our survey to calculate a percentage of customers with the electric appliance in order to observe the market at hand for each electric appliance. A major factor will include the responses from the customer of their attitude towards smart electric appliances. This will include examining the different factors that are significant to the consumer when buying a new appliance. In particular, there will be a discussion of what entices a consumer to choose a smart appliance over the regular appliance. Barriers to the smart Page 55 of 66

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appliance market will also be discussed based off the responses to the survey. The table below is an example of the type of analysis that will be conducted for each of the smart appliances. All numerical figures are for sake of example only, and may turn out different in reality.

Appliance Electric Dryer Percentage of residents with this Electric Appliance 50% Average EOL (end of life) for the Electric Appliance [*] 8 years Average Cost of Smart Appliance-present day [5] $1100 Average Cost of Regular Electric Appliance [6] $ 800 Average Load Shift with the Smart Appliance 500 W Total hours during day Smart Appliance Used 5 hours/ day

* Researched source for EOL

The findings of our data will be extrapolated to the potential of the technologies for the entire California market. Research will be conducted to determine the penetration of each electric appliance in the future and the market potential. From these results and research, an incentive rebate amount will be recommended in order to improve the market adoption curve (see figure below) and avoid the gaps that may occur during the “Early Adopters” and “Early Majority” phases.

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References

[1] HAN Eval SOW and Estimate_v1.1.docx

[2] Draft ETP assessment protocol 061610.docx

[3] REMA Phase II Project Plan.docx

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Appendix B: User Survey

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NEGAWATT HOME AREA NETWORKS WITH MOBILE APPLICATIONS CONSULTING

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NEGAWATT HOME AREA NETWORKS WITH MOBILE APPLICATIONS CONSULTING

"smart"appliance.of version the

appliance,willconsider buying I a

am in the market formarket am inbuying the an

times or pausing cycles. Next time I I time orpausing Next times cycles.

peak energy rates bydelaying rates peakstartenergy

smart meters to automaticallyto meters smart avoid

appliancescan alsolinked with be

phone or computer. "Smart" phoneorcomputer.

connected device likea "smart"device connected

maintenance needs on an maintenanceInternet- needs

energy consumption, energy and

informationabout status,cycle

Internet, allowing Internet, you view to

Smartappliances connectthe to

apply.

(participation).all Answer that

for DR event inclusion event for DR

loadswould you considersuitable

Whichappliances, devices, and plug-

strongly agree strongly

pumps

pool and spa feature spa and pool

strongly agree strongly

pumps, etc. pumps,

lights, TVs, fishtank fishtank TVs, lights,

loads such as reading as such loads

Miscellaneous plug plug Miscellaneous

(increasepoint) set

Air Conditioners Conditioners Air

Pool and spa heaters spa and Pool

fountains, etc) fountains,

pumps (waterfalls, pumps

Pool and spa feature spa and Pool

pumps

Pool and spa filtration filtration spa and Pool

strongly agree strongly

pumps, etc. pumps,

lights, TVs, fishtank fishtank TVs, lights,

loads such as reading as such loads

Miscellaneous plug plug Miscellaneous

(increasepoint) set

Air Conditioners Conditioners Air

Dryer

Washer

Dishwasher

fountains, etc) fountains,

pumps (waterfalls, pumps

Pool and spa feature spa and Pool

pumps

Pool and spa filtration filtration spa and Pool

strongly agree strongly

set point) set

Air Conditioners (increase Conditioners Air

Pool and spa heaters spa and Pool

Dryer

Washer

Dishwasher

pumps

Pool and spa filtration filtration spa and Pool

agree

Pool and spa heaters spa and Pool

fountains, etc) fountains,

pumps (waterfalls, pumps

Pool and spa feature spa and Pool

pumps Pool and spa filtration filtration spa and Pool

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NEGAWATT HOME AREA NETWORKS WITH MOBILE APPLICATIONS CONSULTING

renewable energy, and energy, on? so renewable

appliances,automation, home

energy efficiency, energy "smart"

stay on top of new developments in stayondevelopments top of new

Does someone in your household someone Does

6(least important) 6(least

importance: 1(most important) importance:1(most to

anappliance. rank Please inof order

whether to buyto a "smart" whether ofversion

when making when a decision about

youplacefollowing on the factors

features, what is the importance features,the whatis

Aside fromAside regular product

yes

ability to getmaintanance to ability

money on energy on money costs,

brand, ability to save to brand,ability

rebates/cost incentives, rebates/cost

internet/smartphone, internet/smartphone,

monitor/control via via monitor/control

Cost, Ability to to Ability Cost,

yes

/repair alerts/repair

getmaintanance

smartphone, ability to to ability smartphone,

internet or

monitor/control via via monitor/control

ability to to ability

incentives,brand,

costs, rebates/ cost cost rebates/ costs,

money on energy on money

cost, ability to save to ability cost,

yes

alerts

getmaintanance/repair

smartphone, ability to to ability smartphone,

via internet or via

monitor and control control and monitor

incentives, ability to to incentives,ability

rebates/cost rebates/cost

yes

maintanance/repairalerts

smartphone, ability to get to ability smartphone,

via Internet via or

ability to monitor/control monitor/control to ability

money on energy on money costs,

incentives,ability to save to incentives,ability

rebates/cost rebates/cost

no

brand

ability to getmaintanence, to ability rebates/cost incentives, rebates/cost

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NEGAWATT HOME AREA NETWORKS WITH MOBILE APPLICATIONS CONSULTING

I use the product the frequently: use I

disagree)

agree,2-disagree,1-strongly

following(4-strongly agree,3-

How do you agree with the the do with you agree How

the indicated the cost:

wouldyou considerbuying if sold at

Evaluation,products which of these

Independent of HANthis Independent

4

lifestyle habits. lifestyle

points as a function of my ofmy a function as points

on and offandalter set on or

programs that turn things things turn that programs

solutions to develop to solutions

interestedsoftware in

features- cost) and

Other(please specify

4

individual loads in the in loads individual

energy use for most energyforusemost

touchscreen. show Will

dedicated display with dedicatedwith display

thermostats, and aand thermostats,

as pool pumps and pumps pool as

hardwired loads such hardwiredsuch loads

remote control for remotecontrol

plug, but also includes also plug,but

dashboard and smart smart and dashboard

featureshome to

[$500-$1500]: similar similar [$500-$1500]:

monitoring and control control and monitoring

Basicintegrated

remotely,too.

Outlets can be shut off can beOutlets shut

softwareapplication.

outlet to aweb-based to outlet

consumption per consumption

Transmit energy Transmit

$400 installed]: installed]: $400

Smart outlets [$200- outlets Smart

increments.

use in 15-minute 15-minute in use

home's total energy total home's

the monitoring a themonitoring

dashboard that allows allows that dashboard

installed]: Web-based installed]:

Dashboard [$100 Dashboard[$100

Home Energy Home

4

show HVAC energy use. HVAC show

security, etc., security, doesand

entertainment,

home systems such as as such systems home

also ties in to other to in ties also

similar to basic, but basic,but to similar

[$2000+ installed]: installed]: [$2000+

monitoring and control control and monitoring

Advancedintegrated

4

energyuse.

etc., and does show HVAC etc.,HVAC show doesand

entertainment, security,

systems such as as such systems

ties in to other homeother to in ties

similar to basic, but also also basic,but to similar

[$2000+ installed]: installed]: [$2000+

monitoring and control control and monitoring

Advancedintegrated

home, but not forHVAC. not home,but

individual loads in the in loads individual

energy use for most energyforusemost

touchscreen. show Will

dedicated display with dedicatedwith display

thermostats, and aand thermostats,

pool pumps and pumps pool

hardwired loads such as as hardwiredsuch loads

remote control for remotecontrol

plug, but also includes also plug,but

dashboard and smart smart and dashboard

featureshome to

[$500-$1500]: similar similar [$500-$1500]:

monitoring and control control and monitoring

Basicintegrated

in 15-minute increments. 15-minute in

home's total energy usetotal home's

allows the monitoring a themonitoring allows

based dashboard that that baseddashboard

[$100 installed]: Web- installed]: [$100

Home Energy DashboardHome

3

energyuse.

etc., and does show HVAC etc.,HVAC show doesand

as entertainment, as security,

other home systems such such systems homeother

to basic, but also ties in to to in ties also basic,but to

[$2000+ installed]: similar similar installed]: [$2000+

monitoring and control control and monitoring Advancedintegrated

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NEGAWATT HOME AREA NETWORKS WITH MOBILE APPLICATIONS CONSULTING

product

Whatdidn’t you likeabout this

product

Whatdid you likeabout this

wouldproductlikethis

Whatof do youpeople types think

Wouldproductthis you recommend

Wouldyou buy productthis

installedafter project completion

Do you Do planproduct this keep to

applicationitto

if there was no was mobile/ipad ifthere

I would purchase product I this even

frequently

I use the mobilephoneapplication the use I

portal

I am happy customer I the with

frequently

I use the online customer portal online customer the use I

I am happy product I the with

person

I consider myself aconsider myself technically I savvy

Thisproduct use to easy is

home ownerhome

designedfortheaverage

user interfaceuser not is

my thermostat my

helped manipulate to me

higherenergy bills

technically savy, with with technicallysavy,

just like me, most likeme, most just

yes

<$100

yes

no

3

3

2

3

4

3

for less tech savy user tech savy forless

somewhat complicated somewhat

poewr

very robust, uses little little uses robust, very

higherenergy bills

technically savy, with with technicallysavy,

just like me, most likeme, most just

yes

>$500

yes

no

3

3

2

3

4

2

programming examples programming

needmore access to

reliability, flexibility reliability,

bills than me than bills

With higher energy With

savvy than me than savvy

Less technologicallyLess

yes

>$500

yes

4

3

4

4

3

not just lan just not

would work via internet, via work would

would bewould nice iftheapp

energy

easeofuse, save helps

than me than

With lower With energy bills

than me than

With higher energy With bills

than me than

Less technologically savvy technologicallysavvy Less

savvy than me than savvy

More technologicallyMore

Just likeme Just

yes

$200-500

yes

no

3

4

3

4

4

4

a bit confusing abit

the admin program can be program theadmin

my lights remotely lights my

Ilikebeing ablecontrol to

than me than

With lower With energy bills

than me than

With higher energy With bills

than me than

Less technologically savvy technologicallysavvy Less

than me than

More technologically savvy technologicallysavvy More

Just likeme Just

yes

>$500

yes

yes

4

2

2

3

3 3

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NEGAWATT HOME AREA NETWORKS WITH MOBILE APPLICATIONS CONSULTING

Possible improvements Possible

ability to shareprograms to ability

support

device(loadcontoller)

simpler setup, widersetup, simpler

sources fordevices. sources

comfortable with more comfortablewith

would feelwould more

control computer.I control

as is the*vendor* is as

The system is excellent is The system

too involved. too

Using the web portal is theweb is Using portal

used to control/monitor. control/monitor. to used

home unit that could becould that unit home

was a wall mount or or awallwasmount

phoneifthere application

this product without a without product this

would consider buying considerbuying would

beenI Also, anissue.

control it wouldn't have wouldn't it control

instead of the digital ofthedigital instead

model with switches switches with model

the ac unit was anolderwas theac unit

had to turn it back on...ifback it turn to had

went back to default, wentto back ie

restored to it the settings thesettings it restoredto

whenthepower was

window AC unit, that that unit, window AC

Had an issue with a with anissue Had

killing the powerit. to killing

could control without just just without control could

controlled was "smart" or or "smart" controlledwas

equipmentbeing

Would beWould helpful ifthe

use admin app useadmin more streamlined/easy to to streamlined/easy more

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