Plan Period : 2014-2015 to 2023-2024 Year of Publication : December, 2015
By Dilip Kumar Das I.F.S Chief Conservator of Forests Project Elephant MYSURU
PREFACE
The revision of Virajpet Working Plan was due from 01-04-2011. Due to various reasons like lack of man-power support, and vacancy in the level of executive field staff, the revision process was delayed. The inventory work of the growing stock of forests and plantations of Virajpet division was done during 2010-2011. The inventory was designed with 0.1% sampling intensity for natural forests and 1.0% sampling intensity for fuel wood and teak plantations. Attempts were made to make the prescriptions and suggestions as practicable as possible. The prescriptions have been made strictly based on the condition of the forest as assessed from the field data collected during the inventory work and as per the observations made during the various field visits and discussions held with the local officers. While preparing the plan more priority has been given for improvement operation due to present precarious conditions of the forests. However, wherever possible approximate yield has been prescribed for generating revenue to the state.
The draft plan(PWPR-II) of Virajpet division was discussed in the working plan approval committee meeting chaired by Sri. G.S.Prabhu, I.F.S Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, (EWPT) (Retd) on 17-01-2013. The suggestions made during the presentation and discussion have been incorporated and the draft plan was modified accordingly. In this connection, I express my sincere gratitude to Sri. Dipak Sarmah, I.F.S, Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, HoFF (Retd) for his constant guidance during his tenure as APCCF in Working Plan Wing. I express sincere thanks to Sri. G.S.Prabhu, I.F.S (Retd) and Dr.Ravi Ralph I.F.S. for their valuable guidance offered during their tenure as APCCF (Working Plan). I also specially thank Sri. Kolla Sri Saibaba, I.F.S, CCF , Working Plan, Sri. K.S. Sugara I.F.S, APCCF, Sri. H.G. Shivananda Murthy, I.F.S, APCCF, Dr.D.S. Ravindran, APCCF and Sri.Ajay Misra, I.F.S. APCCF for their inspiration and guidance. I thank Sri B.K. Dikshit, IFS, APCCF for his contribution in preparation of the draft working plan. I also thank Sri. M.S. Puttaswamy , SFS, Dr P.Shankar I.F.S. Dr Malathipriya, I.F.S. for their co-operation during their tenure as DCF, Virajpet. I also thank A.C.Fs, RFOs and other staff of Virajpet division. I thank Smt.Saswathi Mishra,I.F.S, and staff of ICT wing for providing GIS maps. I also thank Sri.Gaonkar D.S. IFS, CF, Working Plan, Mysuru for his help. I convey my special thanks to Mr.Amarnath Shetty IFS, Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (Central), Regional Office, Bengaluru and Sri Vijay Kumar Gogi, IFS, Secretary (Forest), Bengaluru for timely approval of this working plan.
I am also thankful to Sri K.Nagaraju, D.C.F, Sri T.Venkatesh, A.C.F, and Sri V.Ramalinge Gowda, A.C.F who worked in the working plan wing, Mysore and contributed in field inventory and in collection of data. I also thank Sri. K.M. Srinivas Murthy, DCF and T.A. to CF, Working Plan, Mysore, Sri.N.E.Kranthi, ACF , all the RFOs and staff of Working Plan wing Mysore for their assistance in the preparation of this plan.
(Sd/-) Mysuru (DILIP KUMAR DAS IFS) 03.12.2015 Chief Conservator of Forests, (Project Elephant), Mysuru
CONTENTS Section No. Page No. Executive Summary of the Working Plan I - XXIV PART - 1 CHAPTER -1 SUMMARY OF FACTS ON WHICH PROPOSALS ARE BASED 1 Name and Situation 1 2 Physical geography and configuration of the ground 2 3 Geology, Rock and Soil 2 – 3 4 Climate Parameters 3 – 5 5 Water supply 5 – 6 6 Distribution and area 6 – 8 7 Survey position 8 8 Working plan position 8 – 9 9 State of boundaries 9 10 Legal position 10 – 11 11 Rights and concessions 11 12 Commitments 12 13 List of past Deputy Conservator of Forests 12 14 Land use pattern 12
CHAPTER-II THE FOREST 1 Composition and condition of the crop 13 – 19 2 Injuries to which the crop is liable 19 – 21
CHAPTER-III UTILIZATION OF THE PRODUCE
1 Agricultural customs and wants of the population 22 – 23 2 Other sources of demand 23 3 Marketable produce 23 – 25 4 Markets and lines of export 25 5 Method of exploitation and cost 25 – 26 6 Past and current prices 26
CHAPTER-IV
ACTIVITIES OF KARNATAKA FOREST DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (KFDC) IN HARVESTING AND MARKETING OF FOREST PRODUCE, RESULT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY 1 General 27 – 28 2 Socio- economic situation 28 – 29 3 JFPM Programme and Forest Resource Management 29
CHAPTER-V 1 FIVE YEAR PLANS 30 – 32
CHAPTER-VI STAFF AND LABOUR SUPPLY 1 Staff position 33 – 34 2 Labour force 34 3 Wage rates 34
CHAPTER-VII PAST MANAGEMENT 1 Past System of Management 35 – 54
CHAPTER-VIII STATISTICS OF STOCKING, GROWTH AND VOLUME 1 Inventory results of naturally growing trees in state forests 55 – 57 2 Inventory results in Devarakadus (protected forests) 58 3 Inventory results of Bamboo 59 4 Inventory results of Teak plantations 59 5 Overall summary of inventory results 59-60 6 Chippinahole linear tree increment plot 61 7 Bannadapare linear tree increment plot 62
PART -II FUTURE MANAGEMENT DISCUSSED AND PRESCRIBED CHAPTER-1 BASIS OF PROPOSALS 1 Objects of Management 63 2 Method of Treatment to be adopted 64 3 Constitution of working circles 64 4 Allotment of areas to working circles 65 – 66 5 Period of the plan 66
CHAPTER-II PROTECTION WORKING CIRCLE 1 General Constitution of the Working circle 67 – 68 2 Specific objects of Management 68 3 Allotment of the area to the working circle 68 4 Proposed treatment 69 5 Statistics of Growth 69
CHAPTER-III IMPROVEMENT WORKING CIRCLE 1 General Constitution of the Working circle 70 2 Specific objects of Management 70 3 Allotment of the area to the working circle 71 4 Cycle of salvage logging 71 5 Rules for marking and extraction 71-72 6 Improvement operations 72-73 7 Watershed Management & Soil and Moisture Conservation 74 8 Calculation of yield 74
CHAPTER-IV TEAK PLANTATION WORKING CIRCLE 1 General constitution of the working circle 75 2 Specific objects of Management 75 3 Exploitable girth and rotation 75 – 76 4 Thinning 76 – 77 5 Area allotted to the working circle 77 6 Thinning marking 78 7 Management of partially failed teak plantations 79 8 Tending 80 9 Identification of plantation area 80 10 Statistics of yield 80
CHAPTER-V BAMBOO OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE 1 General Constitution of the Working circle 81 2 Objects of Management 82 3 Method of treatment 82-83 4 Felling Cycle 83 5 Allotment of Area to the working circle 83-84 6 Regeneration 84 7 Statistics of growth and yield 84-85
CHAPTER-VI WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT OVERLAPPING 86 – 89 WORKING CIRCLE
CHAPTER-VII NON TIMBER FOREST PRODUCES OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE 1 General Constitution of the Working circle 90 2 Specific Objects of Management 90-91 3 Allotment of Area 91-93 4 Method of Sale 93-94 5 General Measures 94-95
CHAPTER-VIII MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS 1 Forest land and consolidated management 96-99 2 Sandal wood management 100-103 3 Joint Forest planning and management 103-105 4 Grazing 106 5 Fire protection 106 6 Petty fallings 107 7 Research plots 107 8 Buildings 107 9 Farm Forestry 107
10 Application of Forest Management information system 107 11 Biodiversity Conservation 108 12 Afforastation and management of grassy blanks 108 13 Petty removal of dead & fallen trees 108
CHAPTER-IX
1 GENERAL FINANCIAL FORECAST AND FINANCIAL PLAN OF 109-114 OPERATION
CHAPTER-X ESTABLISHMENT AND LABOUR 115-118
CHAPTER-XI CONTROL AND RECORDS 119-120 1 Deviation 120
CHAPTER-XII SUMMARY OF PRESCRIPTIONS 1 General objects of management 120 2 Constitution of working circles 120 3 Protection working circle 121 4 Improvement working circle 122 5 Teak plantation working circle 123 6 Bamboo overlapping working circle 124 7 Wildlife Management overlapping working circle 125 8 NTFP overlapping working circle 126 9 Miscellaneous regulations 127
ANNEXURE LIST Annexure No. Page No. I (a) Land Classification details (Village wise) Range wise as per updated 128 – 133 revenue records I (b) Reserved Forests 134 I (c) Protected Forests 135 – 148 I (d) List of Jamma Malai Holders – Padinalknad Reserve Forest 149 – 154 I (e) Details of paisari lands (C and D lands) surveyed and proposed for 155 section 4 notification I (f) List of Section-IV notified area 156 – 157 II Details of total geographical areas of Division and Ranges 158 III (a) Statement showing the rainfall data in Virajpet Division 159 III (b) Statement showing the Temperature of Kodagu district for the last 10 160 years III (c) Statement showing the Relative humidity of Kodagu district for the last 161 10 years IV Sanctioned working scheme of Virajpet division for the year 2012-13 162 – 190 V Notification of the Commissioner of Coorg, Bangalore dated : 191 – 203 23.4.1906 VI Forest leases since inception of the division and leases which are in 204 force pertaining to Virajpet Division. VII List of deputy conservator of forest worked in the Virajpet division 205 – 206 VIII (a) Growing stock of Natural forests in Virajpet Division (CPT Wise) 207 – 216 VIII (b) Growing stock of Devarakadus in Virajpet Division 217 – 235 VIII (c) Obverse J Curves 236 – 243 VIII (d) Statement showing the natural regeneration, forestry density and forest 244 – 266 types in Virajpet Division VIII (e) Statement showing the growing stock of Bamboo in natural forests of 267 – 271 Virajpet Division IX List of Non Timber Forest Produce available in the division 272 X Collection of NTFP by LAMP Society since 1999-2000 to 2013-14 in 273 – 274 the Virajpet Division. XI Forest depot-wise sales of timber and firewood in the Virajpet Division 275 – 277 since 2000-01 to 2013-14. XII Average rate fetched per m3 for the timber and non-timber materials 278 – 287 sold at government timber depot, XIII Socio Economic Profile of the Village Forest Committees of Virajpet 288 Division XIV Plan progress statement from 2000-01 to 2013-14 in Virajpet Division 289 – 296 XV List of Category wise Daily Wage Mazdoors and wage rates 297 XVI Statement showing the distribution of sample plots in various reserved 298 – 300 forests of Virajpet Division XVII List of Teak Plantations & their Growing stocks in Thithimathi Range 301 – 307 of Virajpet Division XVIII (a) The details of species occurring in various stories 308 XVIII (b) Rate of annual diameter increment for species from Tropical Forests of 309 India XIX (a) Statement Showing the List of Mixed kind of Plantation for the period 310 – 320 1992-93 to 2013-2014.
XIX (b) List of compensatory plantation raised in the Virajpet Division. 321 XX Guesstimates of hydrological contribution of forests of Virajpet 322 Division XXI Statement showing the Dead and Fallen trees available in Natural forest 323 – 327 including Devarakadus of Virajpet Division XXII Thinning Schedule for Teak Plantations during the Year 2014- 2015 to 328 2022-2023. XXIII Statement showing the estimated number and weight of green damaged, 329 dry damaged bamboos XXIV Growing stock of Non-Timber Forest Produce tree species in Natural 330 – 347 forests in Virajpet Division (CPT Wise) XXV (a) Details of encroachment in forest land prior 27-4-1978 in Virajpet 348 Division XXV (b) Details of Encroachment after 25-10-1980 and progress of eviction in 349 Virajpet Division XXV (c) Details of Irregular Encroachment before 27-4-1978 (Includes cases 350 rejected by Deputy Commissioner) and Progress of Eviction. XXVI Compensation given for the crop damages, injury and human death due 351 to wild animals since 1999-2000 to 2013-14 pertains to Virajpet Division. XXVII (a) The details of natural death of wild elephant (2001-02 to 2013-14) 352 – 353 XXVII (b) The details of un natural death of wild elephant by poaching / electricity 354 / gunshot etc., (2001-02 to 2013-14) XXVIII Elephant proof trenches and Solar fencing from 2000-01 to 2013-14 in 355 – 359 Virajpet Forest Division. XXIX (a) Year wise proposed program for preventing man animal conflict in 360 Virajpet division from 2014-15 to 2015-16 XXIX (b) Statement showing the proposed year wise program/ special activities to 361 – 365 be taken up along the forest boundary to strengthen elephant barrier. XXIX (c) Establishment and maintenance of Anti Poaching Camps / Anti 366 Smuggling Camps in Makut, Mundrote and Thithimathi Range XXIX (d) Programme for formation and maintenance of Anti Depredation Camps 367 for effective mitigation of man animal conflict in the division from 2014-15 to 2023-24. XXIX (e) Programme for year wise creation of new water holes for effective 368 wildlife habitat management in Thithimathi Range. XXIX (f) Year wise programme for de-siltation of existing water holes for 369 – 370 effective wildlife habitat management (only in Thithimathi Range). XXX List of research plots / orchards established in Virajpet Division. 371 XXXI Statement showing the residential quarters, office buildings and forest 372 – 381 rest house. XXXII Estimated expenditure for sandalwood regeneration under 382 miscellaneous regulations XXXIII List of checking nakas (deleted / added since inception of division also 383 to be given with reasons.) XXXIV Particulars of Ghat Forests of Virajpet Forest Division 384 – 385 XXXV (a) Additional number of Permanent Cairns/ concrete boundary pillars to 386 – 388 be fixed along the Reserved Forest boundary bordering to private land and Kerala State boundary
XXXV (b) Year wise programme for consolidation of forest land and estimated 389 cost XXXVI Nursery wise seedlings raised since 1999-2000 to 2013-14 in the 390 – 392 Virajpet Division. XXXVII Seedlings raised and distributed to public since 2000-01 to 2013-14 in 393 Virajpet Division XXXVIII Details of thinning done in teak plantations in the Virajpet Division 394 – 396 since 1996-97 to 2010-11. XXXIX Extraction of Bamboo done in the Virajpet Division since 1999-2000 to 397 2010-11. XL Forest Offence Cases since 1999-2000 to 2013-14 pertains to Virajpet 398 – 401 Division. XLI Statement showing the establishment of saw mill since inception of the 402 division. XLII (a) Extraction of dead and fallen trees in the Virajpet Division since 1999- 403 2000 to 2010-11. XLII (b) Extraction of Wild elephant damaged trees in the Virajpet Division 404 since 1999-2000 to 2010-11. XLIII Statement showing the department vehicles in the Virajpet Division. 405 – 408 XLIV Statement showing the information regarding roads since the inception 409 – 411 of the Division. XLV Statement showing the information regarding wells and bridges since 412 – 415 the inception. XLVI Anti-poaching camps from 2000-01 to 2013-14 in the Virajpet Division. 416 – 417 XLVII Cattle proof trenches from 2000-01 to 2010-11 in Virajpet Forest 418 Division. XLVIII Fire protection measures under taken in the Virajpet Forest Division 419 – 421 from 2000-01 to 2013-14. XLIX (a) Statement showing the record of individual rights under ST and Other 422 – 423 Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 in Makut Range. XLIX (b) Statement showing the record of individual rights under ST and Other 424 – 455 Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 in Thithimathi Range. XLX (a) Details of Encroachment of forest lands in Virajpet division 456 – 473 XLX (b) Encroachment Eviction Details as on 25-01- 2015 in Virajpet division 474 XLX (c) Details of Encroachment of Paisari lands in Virajpet division 475 – 476
MAPS 1 Administrative map of Virajpet Division 2 Vegetation map of Virajpet Division 3 Champion and Seth classification map of Virajpet division 4 Compartment boundary map of Virajpet division. 5 Map of protection working circle in Kerti Reserved Forests, Virajpet division 6 Map of protection working circle in Padinalknad Reserved Forests, Virajpet division 7 Map of improvement working circle in Devamachi and Mavukal, Virajpet division 8 Map of Teak plantation management working circle in Devamachi and Mavukal, Reserved Forests, Virajpet division. 9 Map of EPT, CPT & Solar Fence in Devamachi and Mavukal Reserved Forests, Virajpet division.
APPENDICES Appendix Page No. no. IMPROVEMENT WORKING CIRCLE I Record of yield 477 I a Control book 477 I b Record of improvement works carried out 477
TEAK PLANTATION WORKING CIRCLE II Record of yield 478 II a Control book 478 II b Record of tending operations carried out 478
BAMBOO OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE III Control of felling 479
IV NTFP OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE 479
V REGISTER OF DEVIATION FROM THE WORKING PLAN 479
PHOTOGRAPHS
Appendix I Improvement Working Circle Record of Yield Range………………….Division……………………Circle…………..for the year……………..
Locality to be exploited Results of operation Timber/Firewood Year Name of Block to be Value Remarks Compt no No of trees No of logs,poles Volume of Out turn of the forest exploited Species salvaged etc. timber firewood 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Appendix I(a) Improvement Working Circle Control Book
Range………………….Division………………..Circle…………………for the year………….
Provision of the plan Operations actually carried out Comparisio Locality to be exploited Locality exploited n of Results whether Kind, no. of Kind, no. and area Year dead/fallen Qty. of Remarks salvaged is trees & Qty to salvaged Name of No of the Name of the the same as Compt no be salvaged Compt no. No of the block material the forest block forest given in the plan
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Appendix I(b) Improvement Working Circle Record of improvement works carried out Range…………………Division……………….Circle……………….for the year…………….
Locality Year of Operations actually carried out Name of No of the improvement Discription of Remarks Compt no Year Cost the forest block operations as work 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
477 Appendix II Teak Working Circle Record of Thinning Yield
Range……………...……. Division…………………….……. Circle…………………….....………….for the year……………….……….
Thinnings carried out Results of Operation Plantation Poles Timber/Firewood Year Name of Out-turn of Remarks Compt no. No. of poles No. of stumps Volume of Value forest Year area Specifications Firewood(c extracted extracted timber(cmt) mt) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Appendix II(a) Teak Working Circle Control Book Range………………………………...……. Division…………………..………….……. Circle…………………….....………….for the year……………….……….
Provision of the Plan Operations actually carried out Comparision of Results Locality to be exploited Locality exploited No of trees No of trees to be No of trees to be Trees Remarks Year Name of Year of Plantation thinned Name of the Year of Locality Compt no. Compt no. actually thinned thinned the forest plantation area forest plantation thinned 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Appendix II(b) Teak Working Circle Record of Tending Operations Carried - out Range………………………………...……. Division…………………..………….……. Circle…………………….....………….for the year……………….………. Locality Year of tending Operations actually carried out Name of Year of operations as Discription Remarks Compt no. Plantation area Year Cost Forest plantation prescribed in of work 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
478 Appendix III Bamboo Working Circle Control of Fellings
Felling series………………………Range………………….Division…………………….Circle…………..
Prescription of working plan Work actually done Year Qty of bamboo Revenue Out turn Remarks Coupe no Area Coupe no Area to be extracted realised Variety Quantity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Appendix IV Non Timber Forest Produce Overlapping Working circle Record of yield and revenue realised Division………………..Circle…………………..for the year……………..
Thithimathi Range Makut Range Mundrote Range Total Year Remarks Yield Revenue Yield Revenue Yield Revenue Yield Revenue 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Appendix V REGISTER OF DEVIATION FROM THE WORKING PLAN
Name of Control book Reference to working plan Nature of Sanction order the name form deviations Remarks Section Nature of and date deviation and page Paragraph prescription requiring 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
479 ANNEXURE - IV WORKING SCHEME OF VIRAJPET FOREST DIVISION FOR THE YEAR 2012-2013
CONTENTS PART – 1 CHAPTER – I
1.0 : THE TRACT DEALT WITH
1.01 : Introduction Virajpet Forest Division was formed during 1992 vide Government Order No.: AHFF/83/FNG /92/ Bangalore dated 8/5/92 by carving out certain areas from the old Madikeri division and old Hunsur division as they existed before 1992. Forest areas of Thithimathi range especially Mavukal and Devamachi reserved forest have come from old Hunsur division and areas of Kerti and Padinalaknad Reserved Forest of Makut and Mundrote Ranges have come from old Madikeri division
1.02 : Distribution of Area The total geographical area of the division is 1410.48 sq Kms and Reserved forest area of the Division is 29499.31 Ha, Protected Forest (Devarakadu, Ambala, Mandus) is 1607.00 Ha and Section (4) notified area is 426.79 Ha. Total Forest area of the Division is: 31533.1 Ha.
1.03 : Administrations of the Division Virajpet is one of the Taluk Place of Kodagu District. Virajpet Forest Division comprises 2 Sub-Divisions namely, Virajpet and Thithimathi Sub Divisions. 5 Teritorial ranges namely, Virajpet, Ponnampet, Thithimathi, Makut and Mundrote Ranges. Also includes 1 Survey Unit Range, 2 Tree Unit Ranges and 1 Government Timber Depot at Thithimathi.
- 162 - 1.04 : Location Virajpet Division is situated in Kodagu District. The boundary of the division lies between latitudes 11°55’ to 12° 20’ north and between longitudes 75° 25’ to 76° 05’ east of Greenwich. As per the Government order of re organization of the divisions as referred to above, the southern boundary of the compartment number 16 is the boundary between Virajpet division and Hunsur wildlife division Therefore the part of the Arkeri reserved forest which is in compartment number 16 should fall in Virajpet division. But as per the notification of Nagaahole National park vide G.O NO.FFD 195 FWL 82, Bangalore dated 16-3-1983 the western boundary of the park runs from Kaimara along the D line of Karnataka and Kerala states and along the western boundary of Nalkeri Hatghat and Arkeri reserved forests till it touches the starting point of Thithimathi- Anechowkur road . According to the notification of the National Park, the Thithimathi – Anechowkur road is the boundary between Virajpet division and Hunsur wildlife division. For administrative convenience the same may be continued. The total length of the forest boundary is 350 Kms of which 72 Kms constitute inter-state boundary between Karnataka and Kerala along the southern and western sides of Virajpet division.
1.05 : Topography The tract has mountainous configuration with rivers , valleys, ravines , spurs ect. The tract becomes undulating and plains towards the east , while towards the west , it attains great heights with precipitous slopes. In northwest and southwest directions it is intersected by a chain of hills, which further project out into innumerable ridges on either sides, losing their heights gradually as they recede further but have almost every where sharp peaks . The general elevation of the tract varies from 100 m to 1745 m. The highest peak of Kodagu district, Tadiandmol, with an elevation of 1745 m. is situated in this tract . The area is drained primarily towards the east by a number of streams forming tributaries of important rivers like Cauvery and Lakshmanthirtha
1.06 : Drainage Major portion of the division drains eastwards into the Cauvery and Laxmanthirtha rivers which ultimately join the Bay of Bengal. As the area is situated in the western Ghats that receive heavy to very heavy rainfall, there are several rivulets and streams of seasonal
- 163 - or perennial nature transecting the area and later joining the tributaries of the main rivers Bara pole is the only important river that flows towards the west and joins the Arabian Sea. The following rivers drain the evergreen tract of the division 1) Matre Hole 2) Kerti Hole 3) Udumbe Hole 4) Pulike Hole 5) Padaimalai Hole and 6) Nadumalai Hole
The following rivers drain the eastern plains and deciduous tracts of this division 1) Cauvery river and its tributaries 2) Laxmanathirtha river and its tributaries.
Most of these rivers originate in the high mountains covered with lush green vegetation and have water form major of the year. But as they flow through highly rugged terrain, they are not suitable for navigation or for assured irrigation round theyear. In Virajpet taluk, there are a few natural reservoirs which contain water throughout the year . These are locally called Kolly. Presence of several streams, rivers Kollies and tanks in the region besides the open wells and bore wells mitigates the water problem in the summer season.
1.07 : Geology There is wide variability of soil in depth and composition in different parts of the division. In the eastern part, especially in the Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests, where the rainfall is relatively less and ground is gently undulating , leaching out effect is not there , and soils are clayey loam and deep. But in the western and southwest parts where rainfall is high soil is literate, latrritic bright red or yellow in colour. In some patches. they are loamy but having a sandy top layer. Areas covered with thick vegetation and multistoried forests have deep and fertile soil. In areas receiving heavy rainfall, there exists a delicate balance between the vegetation cover and quality of soil. In the absence of thick vegetal cover, soils are either washed away exposing the underlying rock or have become laterite.
- 164 - 1.08 : Climate. The climate of the region may be broadly termed as tropical except at the higher reaches of the hills where it is montane sub-tropical. Heavy to very heavy rainfall, high humidity and cold nights characterize it. It may be divided into four seasons The period of June to September is the monsoon period: October and November constitute a post monsoon period; the period between December to February is characterized by clear bright weather with cold night followed by summer season between March and May.
There is wide variation of rainfall in the western and eastern parts. It decreases from west to east In the western Part, Makut and Mundrote receive rainfall of about 5290 mm while in the eastern part, Thithimathi receives about 1000 mm rainfall. Eighty percent of the rainfall is received during the period of southwest monsoon. However in the post monsoon period of October –November, it also gets rainfall by northeast monsoon or due to depression/cyclones formed in the Arabian Sea which moves towards east and crosses over region. Some showers are common during April-May, which are locally called blossom showers . Temperature also varies considerably from top of the hills to the foothills. During the cold season the temperature drops up to 10.3’C at the upper portion of hill. During the summer season, the temperature at the foothills and especially in the eastern part rises up to 35.0’C. But the Mean maximum and mean minimum temperature is 28.6’C and 12.0’C respectively. In general air remains quite humid all through the year, particularly in rainy season. Fog is also quite common in the region except during the period from March to May. The winds are generally light to moderate and sometimes become severe during the southwest monsoon. Winds mainly blow between the southwest and northwest direction during the Southwest monsoon season .In the post monsoon season. winds are mainly northeasterly or easterly. But on some days, northwesterly winds blow in the afternoons. During the rest of the years, winds are from the directions between north and east in the mornings and between southwest and northwest in the afternoons.
- 165 - 1.09 : Demography of the Division Kodavas are the major population of this area. Gowdas, Muslims, Christians, Jains, Jenukurubas, Kurubas and Yeravas are living together. Virajpet Division Consists of 120 Villages of Virajpet Taluk and 13 Villages of Madikeri Taluk. Major Crop is Coffee and Paddy. Inter Crops like Pepper, Areca Nut, Coconut, Palm are also grown.
1.10 : JFPM : This scheme was introduced in this division from 2004-2005. Total area recognized in this scheme is 8720 Ha. Total area treated till date is 1830 Ha. Balance area 6523 Ha. During 2012-2013 maintenance of 275 Ha plantations has been carried out.
- 166 - CHAPTER – II
2.00 : THE FORESTS
2.01 : The Forests of the Division in General. The Forests of this division are tropical moist and dry types.
2.02 : Different Types 1. Moist Tropical Wet Evergreen Forest : It is confined to the Ghats and the Vegetation forms several strata with very tall trees. These forest in most of the areas appear to be climatic climax and are found mainly in the Kerti and padinalknad reserved forest Predominant species are Dysoxylum malabariicum Dipterocarups indius, Hopea, parviflora, Mesua, ferrea, Sterculia ,alata, Canarium strictum, Calophyllum tomentosum, Vateria indica etc.
2. Moist Tropical Semi Evergreen Forest : It is an intermediate type between the Tropical evergreen and Tropical moist deciduous forest types. It rather difficult to distinguish this type of forests in the field on account of its presence in patches or along with group of species characteristic of other types. This type is confined mostly in the foothills or flat land on soils formed from the crystalline rocks in the Kerti and padinalkand reserved forests. The common tree species in the upper storey are xylia xylocarpa, Terminalia, paniculata Langerstroemia lanceolata Hopea parviflora etc.
3. Moist Deciduous Forest : It comprises of Species that remain leafless during March and April and is seen around the fringes , opening of lower slops and in plains mainly in the Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forest. Important species found are Big Bamboo (Bambusa bamboos) Dalbergia latifolia Terminalia Paniculata, Terminalia tomentosa, Tectona grandis
- 167 - Lagerstroemia lanceolata, Adina cordifolia, Grewia tilaefolia Bombax ceiba Anogeissus latifolia xylia xylocarpa etc.
4. Dry Deciduous Forest (5A/C3) This type of Forest is formed by species which remain deciduous for greater part of the year. The canopy is uneven and is not particularly dense. The growth under consists of a few shrubs and grassy growth, which become more prominent where burning is resorted to. Canes and palms are absent and bamboo, whenever present, is dry and stunted .These types of Forests are found in the degraded portions of Devamachi and Mavkal reserved forests Main species found under this category are anogeissus latifolia terminalia chebula, terminalia Paniculata grewia tiliaefolia Albiza odoratissima Pterocarpus Marsupium, Lagerstroemia, Parviflora , Dalbergia paniculata Zizyphus xylopyrous Randia Dumatorum Bauhinias racemosa Diospyrous melanoxylon etc.
5. Grass lands. The grass lands which are found in these areas, intermixed with the forests are the result of the degradation to which these forests have been subjected to in the past. The degradation might have been caused because of faulty management practices resulting in loss of tree cover causing erosion or because of repeated fire and other biotic factors. In Mundrote and Makut ranges, these grasslands are seen on top of the ridges and these continue to exist because of annual fires. These can be classified as high rainfall grasslands, normally at an altitude above 750 m. and low rainfall grasslands , usually at an altitude below 750 m these grasslands perpetuate themselves because of adverse edaphic and biotic factors
6. Swamps These are commonly called Hadlus in the local language .These are swampy flat lands which exist at different places in varying extents outside the reserved forests these have been converted as paddy fields but inside reserved forests these are cultivated unauthorizely. The current information regarding their actual number and extent in various forests is not available In Alva’s working plan of old Hunsur Division the extent of
- 168 - Hadlus in Devamachi and Mavkal reserved forests was assessed to be 2560 acres and 2000 acres respectively.
The forest in the padinalknad reserved forests and Kerti reserved forests can be broadly classified under the category of evergreen and semi evergreen type. The total area under this category is 22212.70 ha. The forests in the Mavukal reserved forests and Devamachi reserved forests can be broadly classified under the category of moist and dry deciduous types. The total area under this category is 7004.40 ha. In the deciduous type an extent of 1846.15 ha is under swamps or hadlus
7. Fauna: Variety of fauna is found in Virajpet division Rugged terrain, dense forests, lushgreen valleys and perennial water streams flowing across the area offer ideal for wide range of mammals, reptiles fishes, amphibians, birds and insects. But increasing human population and consequent shrinkage and degradation of the habitat have had adverse impact on wildlife Because of rich wildlife of the region, the Nagarhole wildlife sanctuary (Now the Rajiv Gandhi national Park with the inclusion of some area of the Mysore district) was established way back in July 1955 The Brahmagiri wildlife sanctuary comprising Brahmagiri and Urti reserved forests were notified in 1974 subsequently other sanctuaries in Coorg district viz Pushpagiri and Talcauvery were notified Although these wildlife areas are outside Virajpet division, as these are located very close by, wide variety of fauna is found in the division. During the preparation of the previous Working plans of old Madikeri division and old Hunsur division these wildlife areas were included in these division. After the reorganization of divisions, these are independent administrative units under the control of wildlife divisions/ sub- divisions. In spite of the fact the human habitations and cultivated areas are surrounded by forests rich in wildlife damage caused to life and property is not so high.
The important animals are Tiger, Panther, Elephant , Sambar, Spotted deer, Barking deer wild dog, Grey languor etc.. Other typical rain forest fauna are Nilgiri languor, Brown Palm civet and Lion tailed macaque. In addition to these, carnivores like Jackal , Jungle cat
- 169 - Rusty spotted Leopard cat, Small Indian civet, Common palm civet, Common mongoose, Brown mongoose, Stripe necked mongoose are also present in the area. Birds commonly found in these forest are Black eagle , Great horn bill, Soaring vulture , Malabar trogon, Nilgiri black bird, Parrot, Wood peckers, Barn owls, Cuckoo, Red Winged Crested cuckoo, Peafowl and Jungle fowl. The Honeybee is an asset in the area as it gives honey and thereby supports the local apiculture industry . Important reptiles are King Cobra, Cobra, Python and Russell viper .Tortoises are also occasionally seen in paddy fields and small tanks and also in the evergreen patches of Mundrote and Makut ranges.
2.03 : Distribution of Forests: Evergreen and Semi-Evergreen forests present in Kerti and Padinalaknad Reserved Forest were managed by Protection Working Circle. Moist Dediduos and Dry-Deciduos forests of the division present in Mavukal and Devamachi Reserved Forests of Thithimathi Range, were managed by Improvement Working Circle, Teak Working Circle and Bamboo Working Circle.
2.04 : Condition of the Forests: COMPOSITION AND CONDITION OF CROP Because of Marked variation in rainfall altitude , aspect, slope and intensity of biotic interference wide range of Forest can be seen in the division past management practices coupled with other biotic factors have changed the status of vegetation at any places . The detrimental effects of the past have set in retrogression and brought the climax vegetation to either pre climax or sub climax stages. Here grasslands, scrubs, savannas swamps or inferior deciduous forests have replaced the original forests. Mostly good forests are confined to the eastern and western slopes of the Ghats.
Sl No Local Name Botanical Name
1 Hebbalsu Artocarups hirsute
2 Vella Paini Veterias indica
3 Panda Paini Canarium strictum
4 Chora Paini Hardwickia Pinnata
- 170 - 5 Kal Paini Dipterocarpus indicus
6 Aranji Antiaris toxicaria
7 Neeli Bischofia javanica
8 Poon Callophyllum tomentosum
9 Bollurupa Eugeina gardeneri
10 Perumara Trewia nudiflora
11 Noga Cedrella toona
12 Devadaru Dysoxylum Malabaricum
13 Atha Mesua ferrea
14 Jack Artocarpus integrifolia
15 Balanji Acrcarpus Fraxinifolius
16 Pali Palaquium ellipticum
17 Irupa Hopea Parviflora
18 Kotte Sterculia alata
19 Biti Dalbergia latifolia
20 Karimara Diospyrous ebenum
21 Buruga Bombax ceiba
The middle storey generally consists of the following species
Sl No Local Name Botanical Name
1 Pale pannu Chrysophyllum roxburghii
2 Naviladi Vitex altissima
3 Nerolthakai Hydnocarpus wightiana
4 Kartha choote Diospyros nilagirica
5 Veltha Chotte Hemicyclia alata
6 Kunge Pannu Elacocarpus serratus
7 Analthari Elacocarpus lakoocha
8 Pullichekke Artocarpus lakoocha
- 171 - 9 Amme pannu Artocarpus lakoocha
10 Kakcha paya Polyalthhia fragrans
11 Malekakkada Scolopia erenuata
12 Chooli Lansium anemaleyanum
13 Karpamara Cinnamomum zeylanicum
14 Punali Elaeodendron Paniculatum
15 Chunde Diospyrous microphylla
16 Kulurmavu Machilus macarntha
The under storey consists of the following species
Sl No Local Name Botanical Name
1 Kadchorange Limonia acidissima
2 Bhatha Macaranga Peltata
3 Udthale Memecylan edule
4 Lavate Pannu Allophyllus cobbe
5 Nakki Vitex negundo
Canes
Sl No Local Name Botanical Name
1 Kirubetha Calamus Psedotenuis
2 Halubetha Calamus laxmanae
3 Handibetha Calamus thwaitessi
4 Ontibetha Calamus travancoricus
5 Nagabetha Calamus flagellum
6 Sukku Betha Calamus Karnatakanses 7 Meese Betha Calamus lassiferous
- 172 -
Reeds
Sl No Local Name 1 Ochlandra Rheedii
2 Ochlandra travancorica
Other Species of under growth which dominate these forests are:
Sl No Local Name Botanical Name
1 Kurunji Strobilanthus Spcies
2 Webera Webera corymbosa
3 Mundachekke Pandanus Tectorius
4 Uppila Macaranga roxburghii
5 Taggi or Gowri Clerodendron infortunatum
6 Parivallam Callicarpa lanata
7 Maleangare Leportra crenulata
8 Kowri Helictres isora
The mixed deciduous forests, which are found in Thithimathi range comprise of species that remain leafless during December to June and are seen around the fringe openings of lower slopes and in plains. The species composition of this area is as follows.
Sl No Local Name Botanical Name
1 Thega Tectona grandis
2 Beete Dalbergia latifolia
3 Honne Pterocarpus marsupoum
4 Nandi Lagerstroemia lanceolate
5 Noga mara Cedrella toona
6 Karadi Chuckrassia tabularis
- 173 - 7 Thadasalu Grewia tilaefolia
8 Mathi Terminalia Tomentosa
9 Uluve Terminalia Paniculata
10 Thari Terminalia bellerica
2.05 : Ecological Fragile Areas and Wildlife In Thithimathi Range of Virajpet Division as per the Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers Act 2006 (Recognition of Forest Rights) and Rule 2008 “Hakkupathras” were issued to Tribals in 9 Haadis within the Mavukal and Devamachi Reserved Forest. Hence the Wild Elephants are disturbed and living outside the forest areas. With this, lot of crop damage and human deaths and Elephants death also takes place.
2.06 : Degraded Areas Due to Cattle grazing, Bamboo Flowering and Forest Fires some areas of Mavukal and Devamachi Reserved Forests are degraded. Action has been taken for afforestation in these areas.
2.07 : Plantation Details:
No of Sl No of Species Range Year Scheme Area Plants Remarks No Planted Survived
2011- 10000 Mixed 1 Makut TFC 25 Ha 80 % 2012 Species
2011- 25000 Mixed Makut DDF 23 Ha 80 % 2012 Species
2011- 10000 Mixed 2 Mundrote TFC 25 Ha 80 % 2012 Species
2011- 3125 Mixed 3 Mundrote DDF 5 Ha 80 % 2012 Species
2011- 40000 Mixed 4 Thithimathi TFC 25 Ha 70 % 2012 Species
2011- 3125 Mixed 5 Thithimathi DDF 5 Ha 70 % 2012 Species
- 174 - 2011- 62000 Mixed Thithimathi FDF 84 Ha 70 % 2012 Species
2011- 400 Mixed Thithimathi GUA 2 Ha 70 % 2012 Species
194 153950 Mixed Total Ha Species
No of Sl No of Species Range Year Scheme Area Plants Remarks No Planted Survived
2012- 100 62500 Mixed 1 Makut FDF 80 % 2013 Ha Species
10000 2012- Bamboo 2 Makut 25 Ha Bamboo 80 % 2013 Mission Plants
2012- 56250 Mixed 3 Mundrote FDF 90 Ha 80 % 2013 Species
10000 2012- Bamboo 4 Mundrote 25 Ha Bamboo 80 % 2013 Mission Plants
2012- 22000 Mixed 5 Thithimathi DDF 20 Ha 75 % 2013 Species
2012- Roadside 660 Mixed 6 Thithimathi 3 Ha 75 % 2013 TSP Species
263 Total 161410 Plants Ha
2.08 : Dependency of Peoples In Thithimathi Range of Virajpet Division as per the Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers Act 2006 (Recognition of Forest Rights) and Rule 2008 “Hakkupathras” were issued to Tribal in 9 Haadis within the Mavukal and Devamachi Reserved Forest. The total number of “Hakkupathras” issued is 262 families to an extent of 154.643 Ha. The population of these HADIS is about 2000 Peoples who depend on forest for Firewood, Small Timber, Bamboos. They allow their Cattle for grazing in the forest. Other
- 175 - than these peoples in around the border of the Forests depends for Firewood, Bamboos, Small Timber and grazing of their Cattle’s in these Forests.
2.09 : Utilization of Produces: In Devamachi and Mavukal Reserved Forests, The Tribal collects Minor Forest Produce like Seegekai, Honey, Dalchinni Leaves and Tree Moss. The LAMPS, Thithimathi collects those MFPs from the Tribals and pay reasonable price to them and make them involve in forestry activities. The quantity extracted during last working plan period is given below:
No. of MFPs Revenue to Revenue Regeneration Year the LAMPS to the fund by Collected* (Rs) Govt. (Rs.) LAMPS (Rs.)
2000-01 ------
2001-02 3 4133042.00 100/- ---
2002-03 3 3878282.00 100/- ---
2003-04 5 2222400.00 100/- 26370.00
2004-05 4 2132724.00 100/- 2835.00
2005-06 3 1981241.00 100/- ---
2006-07 3 1305000.00 100/- ---
2007-08 4 845960.00 100/- ---
2008-09 4 1312650.00 100/- ---
2009-10 4 1429500.00 100/- ---
2010-11 3 291494.00 100/- ---
- 176 - PART – II CHAPTER – 1 3.0: Past Management 3.01: Working Circles of Previous Working Plans 1. Protection Working Circles. This working circle consists of evergreen and semi evergreen areas falling in the Makut and Mundrote ranges. Besides the reserved forests areas it also includes the paisari lands transferred to forest department and which have the similar vegetation. The total area under this working circle is 25248.11 ha. No Logging including removal of dead and fallen trees will be carried out. This restriction will however not apply to dead and fallen trees of Rosewood, White Sedar and Ainy which will be salvaged as and when found during the dry season.
2. Improvement Working Circle. This working circle consists of moist and dry deciduous forests of Thithimathi range, which are not under the teak plantations. It also includes small portion of paisari lands, which are adjoining to these forests and have similar vegetation. The total area under this working circle is 4777.59 ha. The felling cycle is 10 years. The block area that is taken as a coup after the removal of dead and fallen materials will be taken off for improvement operations. The extent of the area will be treated by the Gap planting / Under planting ,Tending Operations, Protection or by their Combination in a block should not exceed 100 Ha.
3. Teak Plantation Working Circles This working circle consists of teak plantation area in the Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests. Total extent of this working circle is 2309.04 ha. In the past, thinnings were prescribed in the teak plantations by taking into account the average site quality class of the area. In Somaiah’s plan six thinnings were prescribed at the age of 6th, 12th, 20th, 28th, 38th and 50th year. All the thinnings were selective in nature and by the end of final thinnings at the age of 50th year total number of stems to be retained were between 175 to 190 per ha. But in Alva’s plan (1978-79 to 2002-03) only five thinnings were prescribed. The first two thinnings
- 177 - were mechanical cum silvicultural and other three were silvicultural thinning. Though the number of stems to be retained after the final thinning as prescribed in Alva’s plan is more, the same is being adopted in the present plan as the excess number of stems will compensate towards damages caused by wild elephants, which is quite common in this area. The details of the thinnings regime recommended are given below: -
1. First mechanical cum silvicultural thinning at the 6th year by retaining about 1700 – 1800 trees by marking the stems silviculturally in the alternative diagonals. Second mechanical cum silvicultural thinning at the12th year by retaining about 1000 – 1100 trees by marking the stems silviculturally in the alternate lines. First silviculture thinning at the 18th year (leaving about 700 to 800 stems/ha). 2. Second silviculture thinning at the 30th year (leaving about 500 to 550 stems/ha). 3. Third silvicultural thinning at the 38th year (leaving about 300 to 350 stems/ha). 4. An elite thinning at the age of 80th year (leaving about 150 trees/ha) Elephant damaged teak trees may be extracted every year.
4. Bamboo Overlapping Working Circle This working circle consists of moist and dry deciduous areas of Thithimathi range. It also includes a small portion of Paisari lands that are surrounding to these forests and have similar vegetation. The total area of this working circle is 4777.59 ha.The Government of Karnataka, vide Letter No: APAJI 223 FDP 2010, Dated: 06/01/2011 ordered The Karnataka State Forest Industries, to extract about 500 tons of the Flowered and dried Bamboos available in Thithimathi Range. The Corporation not yet extracted the dried Bamboos. Now Most of the Bamboos are deteriorated. Action may be taken to extract Bamboo by inviting tenders.
- 178 - 5. Minor Forest Produce Overlapping Working Circle This working circle consists of all the forest and non-forest government lands. It also includes all other lands where the forest department exercises the control over the tree growth. The total area under this working circle 80815.95 ha.
Earlier the division was disposing MFPs through a lease agreement with LAMPS on upset rate basis. In pursuance of the GO No. FEE 10 FDP 2001, dated 20th July, 2001, the rights for collection of the MFP in the division have been given to the LAMPS Thithimathi, on an annual lease rent of Rs.100. Consequently the LAMPS has been collecting and disposing the MFPs.
The Species of MFPs Collected are 1. Seegekayi, 2. Honey, 3. Tree Moss, 4. Antuwala, 5. Honey Wax, 6. Soap Nut, 7. Cashew, 8. Booruga Flower.
The GO also mandates that 25 % of the net profits realized by the LAMPS shall be earmarked for regeneration/improvement of the MFP. The regeneration works are to be carried out by the LAMPS in consultation with the Forest Department. LAMPS has deposited during 2003-04 and 04-05 (pertaining to period upto 04-05) a sum of Rs. 29205/-. Regeneration works are to be taken up utilizing this amount.
3.02 : Treatment of Area 1. Protection Working Circle Makut and Mundrote Ranges of this Division comes under this working circle and the area is 25248.11 Ha. Due to Non Availability of Timber and Road Facilities extraction was not carried out.
Progress of Treatment: Regeneration works like gap planting, Seed siaing, Plantings of canes and bamboos has been taken up. The details of planting works here under.
- 179 -
Name of Expenditure Sl No Year Extent Remarks the Range (Lakhs)
1 Makut 2000-01 - -
2 2001-02 - -
2002-03 - -
2003-04 - -
2004-05 75-00 3-000
2005-06 - -
2006-07 40-00 1-943
2007-08 245-00 6-983
2008-09 120-00 4-733
2009-10 157-50 7-663
2010-11 125-00 14-47
Mundrote 2000-01 20-00 1-196
2001-02 - -
2002-03 34-00 1-737
2003-04 - -
2004-05 50-00 2-332
2005-06 130-00 2-251
2006-07 86-47 7-143
2007-08 175-00 6-085
2008-09 225-00 8-851
2009-10 155-00 8-112
2010-11 35-00 2-117
2. Improvement Working Circle 1.1.1. Implementation of the prescriptions: Being done as per the allotted aforestation works or treatment of the area from 2000-2001 to 2003-2004 no
- 180 - salvage could be taken up. Salvaging observations started from 2004-2005 onwards as per availability of funds.
Salvaging operations: Salvaging of dead and fallen has been carried out during 2001-02, 2002-03, 2003-04, 2004-05, 2005-06 and 2006-07, 2007- 08, 2008-09, 2009-2012, 2011-2012. The details of extraction are as follows.
Area Quantity Revenue Year Area salvaged Worked extracted realized (Rs.) (ha) 2001-02 CPT 16, Coup No 1 809.052 M3 9708624.00 507.50
2002-03 CPT 16, Coup No 2 338.099 4395287.00 435.00
2003-04 Nil Nil Nil
2004-05 CPT 19, Coup No 4 Nil Nil 2005-06 Nil Nil Nil
2006-07 CPT 18, Coup No 6 748.550 6267375.00 487.50
2007-08 CPT 19, Coup No 8 673.598 19788182.00 1283.00
CPT 19 & 18 Coup 2008-09 410.708 11599406.00 1065.00 No 8,9
2009-10 CPT-19, Coup No 7 677.50 21944670.00 500.00
CPT-19, Coup No Not Carried 2010-11 10 Out
Improvement and regeneration operations: In the area salvaged during 2004-05, regeneration operations in the form of gap planting was carried out over 52 ha under DDF scheme during 2004-05. The delay was due to late release of funds. Subsequently, improvement operations have been taken up in the areas allotted to the Working Circle as given below:
- 181 -
Year Place CPT No Area Scheme Species
2005-06 Singanur 16 52 DDF Bamboo & Misc
Seed dibbling, soil working 2005-06 Singanur 16 100 KSFMBC to natural plants, Tending SMC.
M-1, 3 & Seed dibbling, planting, Coup 2006-07 Devamachi 70 4. soil working to natural no 1, 2 KSFMBC plants, Tending SMC.
Coup M-1, 3 & Seed dibbling, planting, 2006-07 Chennangi no 10, 95 4. soil working to natural 4 KSFMBC plants, Tending SMC.
M-1, 3 & Seed dibbling, planting, Coup 2006-07 Maldhare 95 4. soil working to natural no 7 KSFMBC plants, Tending SMC. 50 Bhadragola, Coup 75 M-1, 3, Seed dibbling, planting, Chennangi, 2007-08 no 7 & 75 4 &5 soil working to natural Maldare, 8 50 KSFMBC plants, Tending SMC. Chennanakote 250 DD7 M 2 & 3 CPT 16 12.50 of Mixed & Misc Devamachi CPT 18 100.0 KSFMBC Mixed & Misc Chennanakote CPT 16 120.00 M Q Mixed & Misc 2008-09 Bhadragola CPT 19 95.0 3,4,5 Mixed & Misc Maldare CPT 18 90.00 M Mixed & Misc Chennangi 417.50 2,3,4,5 M 2,3,45 2009- Devamachi CPT-16 25-00 KSFMBC Mixed 2010 2010- Akkimala CPT-16 30-00 KSFMBC Mixed 2011 Devamchi CPT-18 35-00 KSFMBC Mixed
- 182 - 3. Teak Plantation Working Circle
Actual Removals (Elephant As per WP (from thinning) damaged stems) Revenue (in Rs.) Sl Revenue (in Year Yield Yield no Rs.) Poles Timber Poles** Timber Timber Poles FW Timber Poles (nos) (m)3* (nos) (m)3 2000- 1 12640 766.39 ------01 2001- 2 15682 930.60 ------02 2002- 1272600.0 3 26863 805.95 ------6060 ------03 0 2003- 4 25996 1182.43 ------04 2004- 110058 5 22005 1563.20 ------4056 36.686 --- 554034.00 05 0.00 2005- 381393 1576100.0 6 29002 1397.53 ------10009 127.131 --- 06 0.00 0 2006- --- 7 13686 1439.82 ------Nil ------07 2007- 8 6780 368.75 ------Nil ------08 2008- 873800 9 9034 371.00 ------12392 168.042 - 836482.00 09 0 2009- 405000 2021000.0 10 10218 323.168 2010 0.00 0 2010- 231010 1122200.0 11 2210 33.911 2011 0.00 0
(Notes: *: Timber is from the bottom portion of the poles) The removal of elephant damaged trees is done by going over the entire area of teak plantations in each compartment. The figures have been aggregated for the entire compartment with details of extractions from individual plantations being not maintained. Consequently it is difficult to ascertain the actual removals from each plantation, to relate to the existing plant population. Hence it is advisable to make enumeration lists of elephant damaged trees plantation wise at least hereafter, to enable recording of yield from each plantation.
- 183 -
4. Bamboo Overlapping Working Circle Progress of implementation: Contrary to the expectations, there has been no greagarious flowering of bamboo so far. During the plan period so far, bamboo areas have not been worked at all, except removals of bamboo for meeting the demand for retail supply to medars, as ordered by the Conservator of Forests. The prescribed and actual working is given below:
Year Area to be worked (ha) in FS Total (ha) Actual worked ext (ha) Devamachi Mavukal
2000-01 Comp I --- 1565.12
2001-02 --- Comp II 1565.12
2002-03 Comp III --- 1565.12
2003-04 --- Comp I 1565.12
2004-05 Comp II --- 1565.12
2005-06 --- Comp III 1565.12
2006-07 Comp I --- 1565.12
2007-08 --- Comp II 1565.12
2008-09 Comp III --- 1565.12
2009-10 Comp I 1565.12
2010-11 CompII 1565.12
Extraction of Bamboos: Extraction Green big bamboo has been done on a very small scale mainly from coupe 2 and 3 of Anechowkur FS (CPT 16, 17, 18 and 19) to meet the demands of medars & locals, as sanctioned by the CF, Kodagu circle. The details of the extraction are as under:
Green bamboo (Big) extracted, Year Revenue (Rs.) (nos) 2001-02 320 16551.00
- 184 - 2002-03 860 18690.00 2003-04 980 47695.00 2004-05 1705 57787.00 2005-06 2207 53972.00 2006-07 3985 87779.00 2007-08 3480 64707.00 2008-09 4606 72537.00 2009-10 3321 66463.00 2010-11 7385 168690.00
The non-working of the areas has been attributed to the following reasons: The extraction scheduled for 2000-01 and 2001-02 could not be done due to non-existence of approved working plan and late receipt of the approval of the working plan, respectively.
3.03 Working Series Maps Working Series Maps of previous working plans is provided
- 185 - CHAPTER III PROPOSALS
4.0 PROPOSALS 4.01 Justification for Proposals: 1. Improvement Working Circle: In Devamachi & Mavukal Reserved Forest the dead and fallen timber has to be extracted otherwise during Dry Season Fire occurance cause lot of damage to forest.
2. Protection Working Circle: The Makut & Mundrote ranges areborder area of Kerala State. Dead&Fallen Rosewood, White Cedar and Aini trees has to be extracted to prevent smuggling. In Makut range in CPT 30 Teak & Andaman Padak Trees planted were found dead & fallen. These trees has to be extracted to prevent Smuggling.
4.02 Dead and Fallen Extraction: Salvaging operations: Salvaging of dead and fallen has been carried out during 2001-02, 2002-03, 2003-04, 2004-05, 2005-06 and 2006-07, 2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11. The details of extraction are as follows.
Area Quantity Revenue Year Area salvaged Worked extracted realized (Rs.) (ha) 809.052 M3 2001-02 CPT 16, Coup No 1 9708624.00 507.50
2002-03 CPT 16, Coup No 2 338.099 4395287.00 435.00 2003-04 Nil Nil Nil 2004-05 CPT 19, Coup No 4 Nil Nil 2005-06 Nil Nil Nil 2006-07 CPT 18, Coup No 6 748.550 6267375.00 487.50 2007-08 CPT 19, Coup No 8 673.598 19788182.00 1283.00 CPT 19 & 18 Coup 2008-09 410.708 11599406.00 1065.00 No 8,9 2009-10 CPT 19 Coup No 7 677.50 21944670.00 500.00 2010-11 Not Carried Out
- 186 - During 2012-2013 extraction of dead and fallen trees to be taken in left over coups No5 & 10 of the previous sanctioned working plan and coup No 1 of present working plan tobe sanctioned.
Sl No Range CPT No Coup No Extent (in Ha) Yield (Appr in m3) Remarks 1 Thithimathi 16 5 275.00 200 m3 2 Thithimathi 17 10 585.00 400 m3 3 Thithimathi 16 1 507.50 350 m3
4.03 : Bamboo Extraction: The Government of Karnataka, vide Letter No: APAJI/223/FDP/ 2010, Dated: 06/01/2011 ordered The Karnataka State Forest Industries, to extract about 500 tons of the Flowered and dried Bamboos available in Thithimathi Range. The Corporation not yet extracted the dried Bamboos. Now Most of the Bamboos are deteriorated. Action may be taken to extract the Bamboos by inviting Tenders.
4.04 : In Virajpet Division Plantations are not available for extraction.
4.05 : Teak Thinning: During 2012-2013 the thinning of 1981 and 1982 teak plantation of Thithimathi Range are identified. Details given below
Year of Plantation Area CPT Total No of Trees per Ha II nd Silvicultural Thinning 1981 20 Ha 17 922 1982 20 Ha 17 922
About 2000 numbers of Elephant damaged trees from various Teak Plantations to be extracted. 4.06 : NTFP Collections: Earlier the division was disposing MFPs through a lease agreement with LAMPS on upset rate basis. In pursuance of the GO No. FEE 10 FDP 2001, dated 20th July, 2001, the rights for collection of the MFP in the division have been given to the LAMPS Thithimathi, on an annual lease rent of Rs.100. Consequently the LAMPS has been collecting and disposing the MFPs. Extraction of NTFP are excluded in Wildlife areas.
- 187 - 4.07 : JFPM Plantation Extractions: In Virajpet Division JFPM Plantations are not available for extraction.
4.08 : Plantation Works: As per the 5th objective of Management of the protection working circle, namely To rehabilitate the degraded forests by providing effective protection and supplementing the regeneration by artificial means wherever necessary and also as per the third proposed treatment in regeneration work like Gap Planting, Plantng of Canes are to be taken up in suitable areas in the Makut and Mundrote Range. The below mentioned planting activities are proposed for the year 2012-2013 along with the regular maintenance of previous year plantations already raised in these two ranges. Also the areas are marked in the maps enclosed.
Sl Details of Advance CPT Area in Scheme Range No Works Proposed No Ha 1 Mundrote Gap Planting 55 75 Ha TFC 2 Mundrote Gap Planting 56 75 Ha TFC 3 Makut Gap Planting 39 100 Ha TFC 4 Makut Gap Planting 40 150 Ha TFC 5 Makut Gap Planting 44 100 Ha FDF 6 Thithimathi Gap Planting 18 50 Ha KFDF 7 Thithimathi Gap Planting 18 143 Ha TFC
4.09 : Logging Works in the protection working circle. In page no 53 of the working plan of Virajpet Division, the proposals for the treatment of Protection working circle is spelled off. In that the first condition it has been said that no logging operations including renewal of dead and fallen is permitted but the restriction is released for in section mentioned 3 trees like Rosewood, White Cedar, Aini (Artocarpus Hirsuta) with specified coordination or how to extract them. Mainly because of their economic importance and also to avoid smuggling of these valuable species.
- 188 - In the same para it is said that there is an extent of 8.24 Ha of Teak Plantations which has almost covered with natural vegetation. But some of these teak trees are dead standing or wind fallen and are located very close to the main road. There by ??? for smuggling. Hence it has been proposed these valuable teak trees which are with windfallen or dead standing can be salvaged for protection from smugglers and also to use this valuable species. A detailed enumeration list of these deadstanding and windfallen trees are enclosed herewith.
Also we have plantation of Andaman Padak (Pterocarpus dalbergides) in Makut Range. These plantations are of the year 1913, 1914, 1931, 1935 & 1983-84.
Most of these trees are also either dead standing or partially dead with no more effective Growth production. We do not have a rotation fixed for species. Hence it is also been proposed to extract these dead standing or partially dead trees by not degrading the surroundings vegetation at the time of extraction. A detailed enumeration list of this is also enclosed along with for further needful. The map of the plantation area is also enclosed along with for further needful.
Extraction of Dead and Fallen Teak Trees in Makut Range:
Sl No Range CPTNo Year of Plantation Extent Species
1 Makut 30 1951 4.24Ha Teak 2 Makut 30 1913-14 15 Ha Andaman Padak 3 Makut 30 1931 2.5 Ha Andaman Padak 4 Makut 30 1935 5 Ha Andaman Padak 5 Makut 30 1983-84 5 Ha Andaman Padak
Further the extraction of Rosewood, White Cedar, Aini and Irpu Trees in Makut and Mundrote approximate quantity 100 m3.
- 189 -
4.10 : Fire Protection: During 2011-2012 Rs. 4.187 Lakhs spent for 2886 Man Days for fire watchers to prevent forest fire in this Division. Further 120 Kms of New Fireline are created. For the year 2012-2013 the following works are prescribed. Fire watchers = 810 Man Days Maintenance of old firelines = 105 Kms
4.11 : SMC Works In this division formation of 1500 gullychecks and excavation of 1000 perculation tanks proposed for the year 2012-2013.
4.12 : Any Other Miscellaneous Issues: Nil
- 190 - Annexure V The Commissioner of Coorg Notification Bangalore, the 23rd, April 1906
No. 35. The Chief commissioner of coorg is pleased to declare under the provision of section 19 of the Indian Forest Act (VII of 1878) that from the 15th June 1906, the area the boundaries of which are set forth in the schedule appended to this notification, will be constituted a Reserved Forest.
SCHEDULE
Province Taluk Name of Forest Description of Boundaries Coorg Padinalknad Padinalknad Ghat
North:- The reserve boundary starts on the Madathamalai hill slope about two and a half furlongs to the hill peak known as Kuthangipillu motte; thence east along the top of a ran of hill- peaks known as perumangala betta, Mudaikal betta beakal motte or Karagegotu parambu, Kurikolli motte or thungapare hill and Erolappadee motte hill to the summit of the Brahmagiri or Tala Cauvery hill. (This boundary forms part of the southern boundary of Pattighat reserve already notified in the Coorg Gazette parts I and II dt. Ist June 1904).
East:- Thence following the watershed between the plateau and the ghats it proceeds south for 330 yards to a hill summit, then south-east for 130 yards to hill called Agnigiri on the boundary between survey nos: 2-2 and 2-3 of Cherangala village, thence south for one and a half miles to the Kanangundi betta T.S. being on the boundary of the Cherangala and Mundroute village thence continuing along the same watershed east south-east for about 2 miles and 6 furlongs to a peak from which the Cherangala village boundary turns north; thence south-east following the same watershed for about 1 mile and 1 furlong to the summit of a hill known as a Ahnamunda T.S on the boundary between Pulikote and lyengeri village; thence along the same ridge in a generally south-eastern direction for about a half mile to the well known hill called Higgsthappa Devara bane; then in the same direction for about 3 miles to the hill known as the Perur point; thence along the same hill range southern south-west for two and a half furlong to a hill peak and then south-east for furlongs to the boundary between lyengeri and Naladi villages; thence crossing that boundary it continues along the same watershed for about 23/4 miles excluding a Genimalai called Pulatakandi survey no:28 of the Naladi village on the north and a coffee Saguvalimalai survey no:76 of Naladi village called Oomalai madu motte thundu to the southwest corner of the latter. Upto this points the eastern boundary of the reserve coincides with the watershed between the streams draining the plateau and the ghats of the Province. Thence eastwards along the southern boundary of survey no: 76 and crossing the Kakkabe river for 6 furlongs to a hill top thence south and east along the top of a small ridge for one mile to the village boundary of Naladi and Yavakapadi were the line again strikes the watershed above mentioned. Thence following the watershed east for about 13/4 miles and then east south-east
191 for about 2 miles and 5 furlongs to the well known Kabbe motte T.S. thence along the watershed for one and a half miles to the Katotipadantu malai, and for 6 furlongs to the Swami betta T.S. thence south-east and east along the same watershed for 6 furlongs to a prominent hill top on the Taluk boundary of yadennalknad then leaving the watershed the line follows the latter boundary first south-east then south-west to where it joins the Malabar district boundary. '
South and West: Thence the Coorg - Malabar district boundary for 42 Miles and 4 Furlongs to the starting point.
Remarks
A. The following area enclosed within the Reserve have been admitted as either free from reservation or subject to various rights.
1. Kodange malai estate enclosure survey no:4-13 of Mundrotu village area 301-40 acres. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W.No.2 of Mundrotu village.
II. Kodange malai estate enclosure survey no: 4-15 of Mundrotu village area 26.40 acres. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 2 of Mundrotu village.
Ill. Puthaither malai enclosure are 491.31 acres consisting of survey no : known as the Kaveriamrnana Pudiyarti Devarakadu no:6 Puthaithere coffee saguvalimalai; Saguvali malai estate and no : 7 known as the Kaveriammana pudiyarti Devarakadu of Cherengala village; Right of ingress and egree is by P.R.W. Nos : 2 and 4 of Mundrotu village.
IV Bhagavati Devastana enclosure are 3.50 acres consisting of survey no : 7 of Mundrotu village area 4.18 acres. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W Nos. of Mundrotu village. v Cultivation enclosure area 3.50 acres consisting of survey no: 4-9 and 4-12 survey no: 4-9 acre 1.00 being government waste of Mundrotu village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 2 of Mundrotu village.
VI A group of cultivation of Mundrotu village area 54.00 acres consisting of survey nos: I2,4-6,4-1, 1-1,3,2,1,-3,4-4,4-19,4-5,4-20,4-10 and 4-21 also survey no: 4-1 acres 8.48, 4-3 A acres 1.72 and 4-19 A acres 6.72 being Government waste respectively. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 2 Of Mundrotu village. vii. Jamma Padiamalai enclosure area 188.30 consisting of survey nos : 2 and 3 lyengeri village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : 2 and of lyengeri village. ix. Keedimundere coffee saguvalimalai enclosure area 494.58 acres consisting of survey nos 14 and 19 of lyengeri village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W.No.2 and 13 lyengeri village.
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x. Jamma Bellerimalai enclosure area 161.76 acres survey no: 21 of lyengeri village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : 2 of Iyengeri village. xi. Jamma Balluvapulli malai enclosure area 3.52 acres survey no : 21 of lyengeri village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : 2 of lyengeri village. xii. JammaTittumalai tunduenclosurearea3.52acres survey no:29-17of lyengeri village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 2 of lyengeri village 4. xiii. Jamma tittumalai enclosure area 52.58 acres consisting of survey nos : 29-15 and 29- 16 of lyengeri village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W.'No : 2 of lyengeri village. xiv Jamma malai enclosure area 106.72 acres consisting of survey nos : 29-15 and 29-11 and 29-12 called Mangundi tandu no: 29-7 Byritota tundu, 29-8, Mangolli tundu, 29- 18 Pilladi tundu and 29-13 and 29-14 Tittumalai tundu of lyengeri right ingress and egress is by P.R.W No: 7 of Iyengeri village. xv. Paretota Jamma malai enclosure area 1.44 acres. survey no: 21 - 1 0 of lyengeri village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 2 of lyengeri village. xvi. Jamma Kundupaya malai and Kangalli tundu enclosure area 3.04 acres consisting of survey nos : 29-1 and 29-2 of Iyengeri village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : I of lyengeri village. xvii. Karangidere coffee saguvali malai enclosure area 16.55 acres survey no: 29-24 of Iyengeri village . Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 1 of lyengeri village. xix. Keechampare coffee saguvali malai enclosure area 16.5 5 acres survey no: 29 - 24 of lyengeri village. Right of ingress and egress is P.R.W. No : I of lyengeri village. xx. Coffee Saguvali malai enclosure area 430.24 acres consisting of survey nos : 29.20 Mekyamundere , 29-21 Idiangoli and 9.22 Karachangoli of Iyengeri village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 1 of lye ngeri village. xxi. Jamma malai enclosure area 516.68 acres consisting of survey nos : 2 and 3 Balluvapuli malai and 7 Tolathumalai of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 6 of Naladi village. xxii. Pilladi tundu Jammamalai enclosure area 21.44 acres survey nos : 13-2 of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : 7 of Naladi village.
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XXIII. Jamma malai enclosure area 22.88 acres consisting survey nos: 14-1,16,15,16-16 and 16-18 called Katitota and 16-22 called Kangolli tundu of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 7 of Naladi village.
XXIV. Jamma and coffee saguvali malai enclosure area 127.3 1 acres consisting of survey nos: 161 Kangoli tundu 16-2,16-5 and 16-1,16-10 tundu poyemalai, 16-4 Ballyatotundu, 16-6 tittumalai, 16-7 Koovetota, 16-9 Panduvamalai, 16-18 Aangarekoli, 16-24 Maletota, 16-25, 16-26 and 16-28 Bapli tundus and 16-29 Kochetota of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No. 7 of Naladi village. xxv. Pilladi tundu j amma malai enclosure area 6.72 acres survey no: 16-17 of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 7 of Naladi village.
XXVI. Keechampare tundu Jamma malai enclosure area 7.60 acres survey no : 21 of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 7 of Naladi village.
XXVII. Kangoli tundu Jamma malai enclosure area 2.00 acres survey no : 19-1 of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 7 Naladi village.
XVIII. Keechimpare tundu Jamma malai enclosure area 7.68 acres survey no : 20-1 of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No. 7 of Naladi village.
XXIX. Keechampare tundu Jamma malai enclosure area 1.28 acres survey no : 10-1 of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No Naladi village.
xxx. Kutumbli and Yedopole tundu Jamma malai enclosure area 1.92 acres consisting of survey nos:21-2 and 21-3 of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : 8 of Naladi village.
XXXI. Baikabbe coffee saguvali malai estate enclosure area 922.66 acres. Survey no: 27 of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : 5 of Naladi village.
XXXII. Angarekolli coffee saguvali malai estate enclosure area 121-69 acres survey no: 31 of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 3 of naladi village.
XXXIII. Jamma Malai enclosure area 198.54 acres consisting of survey nos: 22 of Tembaremalai pattathere tundu, 23 Temberemalai Tembumaali tundu, 25 Kurobatte tundu, 66 Tembare malai Kuttupoye tunde (deducting there from such unculturable area as may be hereafter excluded by survey) and 67 Malengadu of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No. 2,3 and 4 of Naladi village.
XXXIV Jamma tolatha malai chooti malai thundi enclosure area 236.31 acres consisting of survey no. 74,75,76 and 73 of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 4 of Naladi village.
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XXXV Jamma malai cheekatu thundu enclosure area 33.08 acres survey no : 4 of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress by P.R.W. No: I of Naladi village.
XXXVI. Jamma malai enclosure area 61.14 acres consisting of survey no 61 of Kurihatte tundu, and 62 Kana malai tundu of Naladi. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. Nos : 2 and 3 of Naladi village.
XXXVII. Mamma malai enclosure area 397.36 acres consisting of survey nos : 91 tolatliumalai Nadumali tundu, 52 and 58 Ponfaremalai tundu and 50 Pillubelli. tundu of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: I of Naladi village.
XXXVII. Chootimalai coffee area saguvali estate enclosure area 178.83 acres survey no: 58 of Naldi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 4 of Naladi village.
XXXIX Jamma malai enclosure area 118.15 acres consisting of survey No .88 and 89 Tolath malai Karimali tundu and 43 Toomatikolli tundu of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: I of Naladi village.
XL Jamma Tolathumali enclosure area 11.51 acres survey no : 83 of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 1 of Naladi village.
XLI Keechampare coffee saguvali mali enclosure area 3.75 acres survey no: 16 (1350) of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W No : 7 of naladi village.
XLII Ballyatho thundu coffee saguvali mali enclosure are 36.04 acres survey no. 30.2 (4053) of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 7 of Naladi village.
XLIII. Chimmikilli coffee saguvali malai enclosure area 1.65 acres survey no : 16-30 (1354) of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 6 of Naladi village.
XLIV Coffee saguvali malai enclosure area 24.48 acres consisting of survey nos : 16-31 (1355) Kundupoye tundu and 16-3 (1358) Mavutota of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egres is by P.R.W. No: 7 of Naladi village.
XLV. Coffee's saguvali mali enclosure area 2 1. I 1 acres consisting of survey nos : 15 (1357) katotota, 30-2(4054) chimmikoli and 1352 Kunjeritundu of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 7 of Naladi village.
XLVI. Keechampare coffee saguvali malai enclosure area 7.20 acres survey no. 4247 of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 7 of Naladi village.
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XLIX Chimmikolli coffee saguvalimalai enclosure area 1. 1 0 acre survey no : 16 - 3 3 (4052) of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 7 of Naladi villa-e.
in
L. Chimmikolli coffee saguvali malai enclosure area 126.27 acres consisting of survey nos. 30-2 (4058) and 30-1 (4248) of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 7 of Naladi village.
LI. Ponegaretundu Jamma malai enclosure area 344.04 acres survey no : 20-1 of Yavakapadi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 4 of Yavakapadi village.
LII. Jamma malai enclosure area 2846.31 acres consisting of survey no. 2,3,15 and 33 called Kollianda malai 4,6,11-2 and 39 called Pattiamalai, I I - 1 Kadampare tunde, 1 1-5 Baretotadere, 1 1-83, Mavut tadere tundu, 1 1-20 Kekadere tundu, 12-1 and 1 1 - 7 called Cheriabidu tundu and Banjotha tundu, 13-1 panetotadere tundu, '41 Bee makaretota tundu, 16 and 32 called Ponnanagalatha malai, 35 Ittikandi tundu, 31-1 Koliand malai Kabbetundu, 51 Adupuraetundu and 50 Mallumalai tundu of Yavakapadi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. Nos. 1,2,3,5,6,7 and 8 of Yavakapadi village.
LIII. Koliandamali enclosure area 6,14 acres survey no : 37 of Yavakapadi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. Nos: 4 and 2 of Yavakapadi village.
LIV Jamma malai enclosure area 3 8.1 1 acres consisting of survey no: 27 and 28 called Katikundu and Moriapole of Yavakapadi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W.No.2 of Yavakapadi village.
LV. Jamma malai enclosure area 163.58 acres consisting of survey no: 79 Katikundu Moriapole,
76 Anepare Katadi tundu, 77 and 52 Katikunda coffee saguvali malai of Yavakapadi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W No : 3 of Yavakapadi village.
LVI. Jamma Banjothamali Katitota tundu enclosure area 6.40 acres survey no : 54 of Yavakapadi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 2 of Yavakapadi village.
LVII. Jamma malai enclosure area 48.82 acres consisting of survey No: 61 of Yavakapadi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W.No.2 of Yavakapadi village.
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LVIII. Jamma malai enclosure area 48.88 acres consisting of survey no: 64 Banjotha malai and 7 1 -1 Kuribatte tundu of Yavakapadi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W.No.2 of Yavakapadi village.
LIX Jamma malai enclosure area 124.01 acres consisting village of survey no. 66,65-2 Banjotha malai Kaknakare tundu, 69 Mangloi tundu 70 Banjoth malai and 68-2 Kuribatte tundu of Yavakapadi village. Right of ingress and egress is buy P.R.W.No.2 and 3 of Y@ivakapadi village.
LX. Jamma malai enclosure area 329.18 acres consisting of survey nos. 73,72-1 land 72-2 Kuribatte tundu of Yavakapdi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : 3 of Yavakapdi village.
LXI. Jamma Bheem and are malai enclosure area 38.08 acres survey no : 7-2 of Yavakapadi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 3 of Yavakapdi village.
LXII. Jamma malai enclosure area 8.98 acres consisting of survey no: 43-A Ballyatotadere tundu and 7-4 Kuvelepare tundu of Yavakapdi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: I of Yavakapdi village.
LXIII. Jamma Bheemangere malai enclosure area 41.26 acres survey No : 46 of Yavakapadi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No. I of Yavakapadi village.
LXIV. Kabbe malai paisari estate enclosure area 1.79 acres survey No: IO Chelavara village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : 2 of chelevara village.
LXV Jamma Kabbe and lyri malai enclosure area 1999.60 acres consisting of survey No : 4 and 5 of Chelevara village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No. 1, of Chelevara village.
LXVI. Jamma malai enclosure area 480.08 acres consisting of survey nos : 8 Kodimilai tundu, 6,9,1 1 and 14 Yedakattera, 4 Telathu malai 1 0 Naripare, 12 Karipare and 13 Makkitota of Karada village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : I of Karada village.
LXVII. Jamma mali enclosure area 515.7 acres and consisting of survey nos. 16 pundapare, 17 Mundere and 8 Arkomal4i of Karada village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 1 of Karada village.
LXVIII. Jamma malai enclosure area 322.29 acres consisting of survey no: 1 1 and 15 Panapuliare thundu, 16 Pdlemalai Manjemadu tundu 16 and 17 Mundaka mali of
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Palangala village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 1 and 3 of Palangala village.
LXIX. Jamma Kurumau tundu malai enclosure area 121.64 Survey No: 18 of Palangala village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : 1 of palangala village.
LXX. Jamma Kondamalai enclosure area 506.20 acres consisting of survey nos : 4,5,6,7,8 and 9 of Palangala village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W.No.2 and 3 of Palangala village.
Remarks B. The following right of ways are admitted within the reserve-Mundrotu Village P.R.W. No : I Madathamalai Bhagamandala path to a width of three feet, enters the reserve on the Kurikolli motte hill and proceeds along the boundary of the reserve to P - anathur south Canara District.
P.R.W. No.:2 Bhagamandala Kodangemaley path to width of three feet enters the reserve 1/2 mile south of the Brahmagiri hill and proceeds through enclosure No. III to the Kodange Maley Estate enclosure Nos : I and 11
RR.W. No: 3 Cherangala Malabar path to a width to three feet enters the reserve some 2 furlongs North of Kanngudi betta motte ridge. Serves enclosure No:V and proceeds crossing the Bettamalai Hole or Kodange malai Hole to enclosure no. Vi, thence leaving it at its southern end, follows the river to a point where that river crossed the Canara frontier.
P.R.W. No: 4 Puthithere malai enclosure path to a width of four feet, branches from P.R.W. No : 3 above just after its entry into the reserve and leads to enclosure no. III lyengeri Village
P.R.W. No: I path to a width of six feet proceeding from P.R.W. No : 7 of Naladi village northwards serves enclosures nos. XVI, XVII, XV, XIV, XVIII, XIX, XX and westwards to enclosures nos. XIII, XII, XI and X.
P.R.W. No: 3 lyengeri-Padimalai enclosure path to a width of three feet enters the reserve north of T.A. Ahnamunda and passes south wards to enclosure no. VII, VIII and IX.
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P.R.W. No: 4 Padimalai enclosure path to a width of three feet, branched from P.R.W. No : 3 to and serves enclosure nos. VII & VIII.
Naladi Village.
P.R.W. No: 1 Naladi path to a width of three feet enters the reserve on the left bank of the Kakkabe river, passes south-west wards and serves enclosures nos. XXXVIII, XXXIX, XL and xxxv.
P.R.W. No: 4 Tolathamali Chootimalai path to a width of three feet branches from P.R.W. No: I above, passes westwards to enclosure no. XXXIII serving Angarekolli coffee Saguvali malai enclosure no. XXXII and XXXVI.
P.R.W. No: 4 Tolathmalai Chootimalai path to a width of three feet branches from P.R.W. No. I above passes westwards to enclosure no XXXVII XXXIV &XXXIII.
P.R.W. No: 5 Kunlala-Malabar path to a width of three feet, enters the reserve about 3 furlongs south of the boundary between Naladi and lyengeri villages, passes westwards across the Baikabbe motte spur, to estate enclosure no. XXXI and from thence to the Malabar frontier, serving enclosure no. XXXIX.
P.R.W. No: 6 Balluvupali malai path to a width of three feet branches off the P.R.W. No 5 and passes to enclosure No. XXI.
P.R.W. No: 7 Path to a width of three feet branches off the P.R.W. No : 5 above and passes north wards to enclosures nos. XXIII, XXII, XXVI, XXV, XXVIII, XXVI, XLI, XLII, XLII, XLII, XLIV, XLV, XLVI, XLVII, XLVII, XLIX and L.
P.R.W. No: 8 Path to a width of three feet - branches from P.R.N. No. 7 above passes eastwards to enclosure no. XXX.
Yavakapadi Village.
P.R.W. No : I Pattadamalai path to width of three feet enters the reserve on the saddle of the hill range about I mile north of Kabbe hill and passes westwards and serves enclosures nos. LII, IXII, IXI and LXII.
P.R.W.No.2. Kalliandamalai path to width of three feet enters the reserve about 5 furlon-s east of the Yavakapadi village boundary and passes southwards serving enclosures no.LII,Llll,LKV and then westwards serving enclosures nos. LVI, LVII, LVIII and LIX.
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P.R.W. No: 3 Katiakundu malai path to a width of three feet branching from P.R.W.No.2 above at enclosure no. LIV and passes south and westwards serving enclosures nos. LV and L and meets P.R.W. I No: 2 at enclosure no. LIX. P.R.W. No: 4 Pongaremalai path to width of three feet branches off the P.R.W.No.2 near enclosure no. Lll and proceeds to the Pongare nalai enclosure no: LI
P.R.W. No: 5 Path to a width of three feet branches off the Koliandamalai path
P.R.W. No: 6 Near enclosure no. Llll and proceeds to enclosure no.Llll
P.R.W. No: 7 Path to a width of three feet branches from P.R.W. No : 5 and proceeds northwards to
P.R.W. No: 5 Above.
P.R.W. No 8 Path to a width of three feet branches of P.R.W.No.2 and proceeds to the Tadi pole G.T.S. where it ceases.
Chelavara Village.
P.R.W. No I Chelavara Malabar path to a width of 12 feet enters the reserve near the Kabbe motte hill and proceeds along the hill range through enclosure no: LXV to the Udumbe hore to the Malabar district.
P.R.W.No 2 Kabbe hill path to a width of three feet enters the reserve on the Kabbe motte hill and joins P.R.W. No : I of Yavakapadi village serving enclosure No : LXIV
Karada Village.
P.R.W. No : 1 Karada Jamma malai path to a width of three feet enters the reserve near the Katotipadantu malai and proceeds along the village boundary of the Chelvara and Karada village to enclosures nos. LXVI and LXVII and to Malabar frontier.
Palangala Village.
P.R.W. No. I Jamma malai path to a width of three feet branches of P.R.W. No : I of Ktrada village and proceeds to enclosures nos. LXVII and LXIX.
P.R.W.No.2 Kondamalai enclosure path to a width of three feet serves enclosure no LXX.
P.R.W. No: 3 Enclosure no. LXVIII to LXX path to a width of three feet branches from P.R.W. No: I
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and proceeds eastwards to enclosure no. LXX where it joins P.R.W. No : 2 above.
P.R.W. No: 4 Kedamullur Malabar path to a width of three feet, enters the reserve about 1/2 mile south of enclosure no: LXX and proceeds along the Taluk boundary to Mtlabar.
The reservation is free of all rights other than those stated above.
R.C.H.M.King Secretary to the Chief Commissioner.
The Chief Commissioner of Coorg Notiflcation Bangalore, the 24th June 1908. No.58. the Chief commissioner of Coorg is pleased to declare under the provisions of section 19 of the Indian forest Act. (VII of 1878) that from the 15th August 1908, the area , the boundaries of which are set forth in the schedule appended to this notification, will constituted a Reserved Forest.
SCHEDULE
Province Taluk Name of Forest Description of Boundaries Coorg Padinalknad Kerti
North: Starting from a point on the tri junction of the yedenalknad, Padinalknad Taluk boundary and of the serve forest boundary, the line follows the boundary between survey no : 533 and 43 I., south eastwards and then proceeds along the southern boundary of survey no. 526,528,510 and 396 of the Kedamallur village, to the Heggala village boundary; thence south, eastwards along the boundaries of survey nos. 123-1, for 2 miles and 1 1/2 furlongs; eastwards excluding survey no. 21 I-A, 209, 205, 194, 191 and 123-1 all of the Heggala village, to the Arji village boundary; thence it proceeds for 41/2 furlongs along three hill tops south eastwards to the southern edge of the Perambadi tank joining the Virajpet - Cannanore High road.
East: The Government road as far as the Malabar District boundary which this road crosses at the KUII hole bridge.
South : the Malabar District boundary westwards as far as its tri junction with the Padinalknad and Yedenalknad taluk boundaries.
West: the Padinalnkad taluk boundary north wards to the starting point. Remarks A The following area enclosed within the reserve have been admitted as, either free from reservation, or subject to various right.
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Enclosure: 1. Mondolli- Porakadu coffee saguvali malle. Area 75-9 acres consisting of survey no 536,537 and 538 of kedamullur Village. The rights for the these malles are as follows:- i) Survey nos: 536 and 537, the Mondoli malle having a) Right of ingress and egress by P.R.W. Nos : 2 and 3 b) Right to shoot within the malle subject to the provisions of the Indian Arms Act. c) Right to take minor produce from the malle for wet cultivation. ii) Survey No. 538 the Porakadu malle, having a) right of ingress and egress by P.R.W. Nos : 2 and 3. b) right to take minor produce from the malle for wet cultivation.
Enclosure II. Babbiradu coffee saguvalli malle, area are 243.87 acres, consisting of survey nos. 529-1 and 529-2 of kedamullur village with under mentioned rights:- a) right of ingress and egress by P.R.W. No : 4 b) right to shoot within the malle subject to the provisions of the Indian Arms act. c) right to take minor produce for wet cultivation.
Enclosure 111. Karriara Banna Devarakadu, area 668.80 acres survey no: 531 of the Kedamulur village with the undermentioned rights. a) right of ingress and egress by P.R.W. No : 3 b) right of halt in the reserve on the way to the banna. c) right to build temporary sheds taking materials such as waters, creepers and leaves for the time being:- d) right to cook and to present offerings during the months of January to May both months included.
Remarks - B
The following rights of way are admitted within the reserve
P.R.W. No: I Kedamullur-Palangala path 3 feet wide for men only: enters the reserve at the southern and of survey no: 526 of Kedamullur village passes westwards to Palangala village Padinalknad taluk.
P.R.W.No.2 Kedamullur - Malabar path, 6 feet wide for men and cattle: enters the reserve at Survey no: 526 and passes along the western boundary of the Kariara banna survey no : 531 ( (Enclosure No. 111) to survey no: 531 (Enclosure no : I and from thence to Malabar to the Byathur temple.
202
P.R.W. No. 5 Heggala - Malabar path, 4 feet wide for men and cattle: enters the reserve tolt the southern boundary of survey no : 123-1 passes through it first westwards then southwards along the left bank of the kull hole river which it crosses proceeding on the right bank to Malabar.
Remarks C
Free grazing to the extent of head of cattle by virtue of order published in notification no : 55 dated the 3rd November 198 1, is permitted to Bilimaggada Barda and Dasi of the Arji village for their wet cultivation survey no: 196 of the Heggala village called Kalimanda warg.
The reservation is free of all rights, save those described above. F.P.Rennie.
203
Annexure - XLIX (a)
Statement showing the record of individual rights under ST and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 in Makut Range.
Name of Spouse Survey no Area of the Caste of (If Right Holder Date on Name & Address of Taluk, Given to land in acres Right holder Sl. is Married) or Hakkupatra which DCF Remarks Name of RF Right Holders (Postal Hobli right or as as per No Name of Father if No signed if Any Address) Village holder’s recorded in Hukkupatra Right Holder Hakkupatra land Hakkupatra & Category Unmarried 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Kerti RF 1 Sukumar. Heggala Not Not Virajpet, Viillage, Makutta Post, Father- 211/1 0.30 Yerava ST No available available Heggala, Virajpet Taluk. Ragavan. 2 Raghava, Heggala Viillage, Father- Not Not Virajpet, 211/1 0.05 Yerava ST No Makutta Post, Karimatha available available Heggala, Virajpet Taluk. 3 Mara, Heggala Viillage, Father- Bolka Not Not Virajpet, 211/1 0.15 Yerava ST No Makutta Post, available available Heggala, Virajpet Taluk. 4 Rajee Heggala Viillage, Father- Meda Not Not Virajpet, 211/1 0.18 Yerava ST No Makutta Post, available available Heggala, Virajpet Taluk. 5 Baba Heggala Viillage, Not Not Virajpet, Father- Mara 211/1 0.19 Yerava ST No Makutta Post, available available Heggala, Virajpet Taluk. 6 Sundara Heggala Viillage, Not Not Virajpet, Father- Meda 211/1 0.20 Yerava ST No Makutta Post, available available Heggala, Virajpet Taluk. 7 Karunan Heggala Viillage, Not Not Virajpet, Father- Belly Yerava ST Makutta Post, available available Heggala, 211/1 0.16 No Virajpet Taluk. 422
Name of Spouse Survey no Area of the Caste of (If Right Holder Date on Name & Address of Taluk, Given to land in acres Right holder Sl. is Married) or Hakkupatra which DCF Remarks Name of RF Right Holders (Postal Hobli right or as as per No Name of Father if No signed if Any Address) Village holder’s recorded in Hukkupatra Right Holder Hakkupatra land Hakkupatra & Category Unmarried 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 8 Vinod Virajpet, Heggala Viillage, Father- Gopala Not Not Heggala, Yerava ST Makutta Post, 211/1 0.10 No available available Virajpet Taluk. 9 Gopal Virajpet, Heggala Viillage, Father- Not Not Heggala, Yerava ST Makutta Post, Jollymoofa 211/1 0.12 No available available Virajpet Taluk. 10 Jolly Virajpet, Heggala Viillage, - Not Not Heggala, Makutta Post, 211/1 0.12 Yerava ST No available available Virajpet Taluk. 11 Rajan Virajpet, Heggala Viillage, Father- Kenga Not Not Heggala, Yerava ST Makutta Post, 211/1 0.10 No available available Virajpet Taluk. 12 Manoj Virajpet, Heggala Viillage, Father- Bola Not Not Heggala, Yerava ST Makutta Post, 211/1 0.10 No available available Virajpet Taluk. 13 Shantha
Heggala Viillage, Husband- Virajpet, Not Not Yerava ST Makutta Post, Sathish Heggala, 211/1 0.12 No available available Virajpet Taluk. 14 Chemban
Heggala Viillage, Virajpet, Father- Mara Not Not Yerava ST Makutta Post, Heggala 211/1 0.15 No available available Virajpet Taluk. 2.04 Acres
423
Annexure – XLIX (b)
Statement showing the record of individual rights under ST and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 in Thithimathi Range. Name of Spouse Survey no Area of the Caste of (If Right Holder Date on Name & Address of Given to land in acres Right holder Sl. is Married) or Hakkupatra which DCF Taluk, Hobli Remarks Name of RF Right Holders (Postal right or as as per No Name of Father if No signed Village if Any Address) holder’s recorded in Hukkupatra Right Holder Hakkupatra land Hakkupatra & Category Unmarried 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Devamachi 1 J.K. Kumara Father-
RF Bommanally Colony, Late Kariya . Virajpet, Jenukurba Bhadragola, Wife. Lalitha. Ponnampet 0650 31-8-2010 303 0.40 ST No Thithimathi Post Bhadragola
Virajpet Taluk. 2 Honna Bommanally, Virajpet, Colony. Bhadragola, Father- Jenukurba Ponnampet 303 0.60 Thithimathi Post Late Gejje 0651 31-8-2010 ST No Bhadragola Virajpet Taluk. Wife. Parvathi 3 Parvathi,
Bommanally, Colony, Husband. Virajpet, Jenukurba Bhadragola, Late Kariya Ponnampet 303 0.25 No 0652 31-8-2010 ST Thithimathi Post Father Late Bhadragola
Virajpet Taluk. Kempa 4 G.K. Lingappa Father-
Bommanally, Colony, Late Kempa Virajpet, Jenukurba FOC.NO Bhadragola, Wife. Vasanthi. Ponnampet 303 0.33 0653 31-8-2010 ST 45/ Thithimathi Post Bhadragola 2002-03 Virajpet Taluk. 5 P.K. Javana. Father-
Bommanally, Colony, Late Kala Virajpet, Jenukurba FOC.NO Bhadragola, Wife. Chomi Ponnampet 303 0.90 0654 31-8-2010 ST 47/ Thithimathi Post Bhadragola 2002-03 Virajpet Taluk. 424
6 G.K. Kenchi Father- Late
Bommanally, Colony, G.K. Kariya Virajpet, Jenukurba Bhadragola, Husband.Late Ponnampet 303 0.08 0655 31-8-2010 ST No Thithimathi Post G.K. Kencha Bhadragola
Virajpet Taluk. 7 J.M. Seetha. Father- Late Bommanally, Colony, Putta Virajpet,
Bhadragola, Husband.Late Ponnampet 303 0.09 Jenukurba 0656 31-8-2010 No Thithimathi Post Rama Bhadragola ST Virajpet Taluk. 8 J.K. Mani. Father- Late
Bommanally, Colony, Thimma Virajpet, Jenukurba Bhadragola, Wife Late Ponnampet 303 0.60 0657 31-8-2010 ST No Thithimathi Post Kamala Bhadragola
Virajpet Taluk. 9 J.K. Raju. Father- Late
Bommanally, Colony, Kempa Virajpet, Jenukurba Bhadragola, Wife J.R. Ponnampet 303 0.80 0658 31-8-2010 ST No Thithimathi Post Lakshmi Bhadragola
Virajpet Taluk. 10 J.K. Ramesh . Father- Late
Bommanally, Colony, Putta Virajpet, Jenukurba Bhadragola, Wife Savitha Ponnampet 303 0.60 0659 31-8-2010 ST No Thithimathi Post Bhadragola
Virajpet Taluk. 11 Vasanthi J. Husband. Actual Reshme Hadlu, Vijaya Sy No Virajpet, (Bogana Hadi) Jenukurba 303 of Ponnampet 104/6 0.14 Thithimathi, Virajpet 0719 31-8-2010 ST Bhadra Nookya Taluk. gola Village 12 Raju J.S. Father. Sidda Actual Reshme Hadlu, Wife. Ammani Sy No Virajpet, (Bogana Hadi), Jenukurba 303 of Ponnampet 104/6 0.20 Thithimathi, Virajpet 0720 31-8-2010 ST Bhadra Nookya Taluk. gola Village 425
13 Ramesh J. Father. Annaiah Actual Reshme Hadlu, Wife. Shanthi Sy No Virajpet, (Bogana Hadi), Jenukurba 303 of Ponnampet 104/6 0.20 Thithimathi, Virajpet 0721 31-8-2010 ST Bhadra Nookya Taluk. gola Village 14 Basava J.K. Father.Kempa Actual Reshme Hadlu Wife. Parvathy Sy No Virajpet, (Bogana Hadi) Jenukurba 303 of Ponnampet 104/6 0.70 Thithimathi Virajpet 0722 31-8-2010 ST Bhadra Nookya Taluk. gola Village 15 Thimma J.G. Father.Gopala Actual Reshme Hadlu Wife. Geetha Sy No Virajpet, (Bogana Hadi) Jenukurba 303 of Ponnampet 104/6 0.40 Thithimathi Virajpet 0723 31-8-2010 ST Bhadra Nookya Taluk. gola Village 16 Ranga J.R. Father. Rama. Actual Reshme Hadlu Wife. Dasi. Sy No Virajpet, (Bogana Hadi) Jenukurba 303 of Ponnampet 104/6 0.26 Thithimathi Virajpet 0724 31-8-2010 ST Bhadra Nookya Taluk. gola Village 17 Lakshmana J. Father. Putta Actual Reshme Hadlu Wife. Seethe Sy No Virajpet, (Bogana Hadi) Jenukurba 303 of Ponnampet 104/6 0.45 Thithimathi Virajpet 0725 31-8-2010 ST Bhadra Nookya Taluk. gola Village 18 Muthu J.R. Father. Raju Actual Reshme Hadlu Wife. Geetha Sy No (Bogana Hadi) Virajpet, Jenukurba 303 of Thithimathi Virajpet Ponnampet 104/6 0.40 0726 31-8-2010 ST Bhadra Taluk. Nookya gola
Village
426
19 B.S. Kala Akkimala Actual Father- Soma Hadi Thithimathi Sy No Wife. Shanthi. Virajpet, Kadu Virajpet Taluk. 303 of Ponnampet 104/6 1.80 Kurba ST 0509 31-8-2010 Bhadra Nookya gola Village
20 B.S. Chanda. Actual Akkimala Hadi Sy No Father- Soma Virajpet, Thithimathi Virajpet Kadu 303 of Ponnampet 104/6 1.80 Taluk. 0510 31-8-2010 Kurba ST Bhadra Nookya gola Village 21 J.M. Kali. Actual Akkimala Hadi Father- Soma Sy No Virajpet, Thithimathi Virajpet Husband - Mari 303 of Ponnampet 104/6 0.955 Jenu Taluk. 0511 31-8-2010 Bhadra Nookya Kuruba ST gola Village 22 J.K. Rajappa Actual Akkimala Hadi Father-Mani Sy No Virajpet, Thithimathi Virajpet Wife. Boji 303 of Ponnampet 104/6 0.25 Jenu Taluk. 0512 31-8-2010 Bhadra Nookya Kuruba ST gola Village 23 B. SannaKala. Actual Akkimala Hadi Father-Chanda Sy No Virajpet, Thithimathi Virajpet Wife. Somi 303 of Ponnampet 104/6 3.95 Taluk. 0513 31-8-2010 Kuruba ST Bhadra Nookya gola Village 24 Sanna Kala. Actual Akkimala Hadi Father-Chanda Sy No Thithimathi Virajpet Virajpet, 303 of Taluk. Ponnampet 104/6 2.30 Kadu 0514 31-8-2010 Bhadra Nookya Kuruba ST gola
Village
427
25 M.C. Kala. Actual Father- Chanda Akkimala Hadi Sy No Wife. Chelly Virajpet, Thithimathi Virajpet Kadu 303 of Ponnampet 104/6 1.15 Taluk. 0515 31-8-2010 Kurba ST Bhadra Nookya gola Village 26 Chanda Kala. Actual Akkimala Hadi Father-Chanda Sy No Virajpet, Thithimathi Virajpet 303 of Ponnampet 104/6 1.00 Taluk. 0516 31-8-2010 Kuruba ST Bhadra Nookya gola Village 27 Kumara B. Actual Mather -Bolli Akkimala Hadi Sy No Wife. Gowri Virajpet, Jenu Kurba Thithimathi Virajpet 303 of Ponnampet 104/6 0.55 ST Taluk. 0517 31-8-2010 Bhadra Nookya gola Village 28 Raju. Actual Mather -Linga Akkimala Hadi Sy No Wife. Basavi Virajpet, Thithimathi Virajpet Jenu Kurba 303 of (Sharada) Ponnampet 104/6 0.80 Taluk. 0519 31-8-2010 ST Bhadra Nookya gola Village 29 Kumar K. Actual Father -Kariya Akkimala Hadi Sy No Wife. Jaya Virajpet, Thithimathi Virajpet Jenu Kurba 303 of Ponnampet 104/6 0.55 Taluk. 0520 31-8-2010 ST Bhadra Nookya gola Village 30 Raejesh J.K. Father-J.K. Actual Akkimala Hadi Kenchappa Sy No Thithimathi Virajpet Wife. Shanthi Virajpet, Jenu Kurba 303 of Taluk. Ponnampet 104/6 0.22 0521 31-8-2010 ST Bhadra Nookya gola
Village
428
31 Raju C. Father- Actual Virajpet, Akkimala Hadi ChikkaRama Jenu Kurba Sy No Ponnampet 104/6 0.25 303 of Thithimathi Virajpet Wife. Susheela 0522 31-8-2010 ST Nookya Bhadrago Taluk. la Village 32 Mohan J.K. Father-Kariya Actual Akkimala Hadi Wife. Geetha Virajpet, Sy No Jenu Kurba 303 of Thithimathi Virajpet Ponnampet 104/6 0.65 Taluk. 0523 31-8-2010 ST Bhadrag Nookya ola Village 33 Mani B.M. Akkimala Actual Father-Soma Hadi Thithimathi Virajpet, Sy No 303 of Virajpet Taluk. Ponnampet 104/6 1.40 0739 31-8-2010 Kuruba ST Bhadrag Nookya ola Village 34 Mada B.S Father-Kala Actual Akkimala Hadi Wife. Rathna Virajpet, Sy No Jenu 303 of Thithimathi Virajpet Ponnampet 104/6 0.30 Taluk. 0740 31-8-2010 Kuruba ST Bhadrag Nookya ola Village 35 Kala Mara Akkimala Actual Hadi Thithimathi Father-Kala Sy No Virajpet Taluk. Wife. Chelly 303 of Virajpet, Badraag
Ponnampet 104/6 0.30 Jenu ola 0742 31-8-2010 Nookya Kuruba ST Village Foc No 58/ 2002-03 36 Raju B.R Actual Akkimala Hadi Father-Ramu Sy No Thithimathi Virajpet Wife. Baby B.S 303 of Virajpet, Taluk. Badraag Ponnampet 104/6 2.70 Jenu ola 0743 31-8-2010 Nookya Kuruba ST Village Foc No 58/ 2002-03 429
37 J.K. Raju Father-Late- Kare Hadlu Bhadragola Virajpet, Kariya 303 0.60 Jenu Kurba Village Thithimathi Ponnampet Wife. Kalpana 0660 31-8-2010 No Virajpet Taluk. Bhadragola ST 38 P.M. Manju. Father-Late- Kare Hadlu Bhadragola Virajpet, Yerava ST Mada 303 0.45 No Village Thithimathi Ponnampet Wife. P.M. 0661 31-8-2010 Virajpet Taluk. Bhadragola Seethu 39 J.B. Annaiah. Kare Jenukurba Father-Late- Hadlu Bhadragola Virajpet, Bollya 303 0.06 ST No Village Thithimathi Ponnampet Wife. Late 0662 31-8-2010 Virajpet Taluk. Bhadragola Parvathy 40 Kamakshi. Jenukurba Father-Late- Kare Hadlu Bhadragola Virajpet, Mara 303 1.30 ST No Village Thithimathi Ponnampet Husband –Late 0663 31-8-2010 Virajpet Taluk. Bhadragola Seena 41 J.P. Ravi Jenukurba Father-Late- Virajpet, Kare Hadlu Bhadragola Putta Ponnampet 303 0.23 ST No Village Thithimathi 0664 31-8-2010 Wife. Shanthi Virajpet Taluk. Bhadragola 42 P.B. Bala Father-Late- Virajpet, Kare Hadlu Bhadragola Putta Ponnampet 303 1.20 Yearva ST Village Thithimathi 0665 31-8-2010 No Wife. P.B. Nanji Virajpet Taluk. Bhadragola 43 P.M. Malla. Father-Late- Kare Hadlu Bhadragola Virajpet, P.M Mada Village Thithimathi Ponnampet 303 0.45 Yearva ST Wife. P.M. 0666 31-8-2010 No Virajpet Taluk. Bhadragola Parvathy
44 Shankara. Father-Late- Virajpet, Kare Hadlu Bhadragola Hanumanthaiah Ponnampet 303 0.23 Yearva ST Village Thithimathi 0667 31-8-2010 No Wife. Mallige Virajpet Taluk. Bhadragola
430
45 J.K. Kulla. Kare Hadlu Father-Late- Bhadragola Village Virajpet, Putta 303 0.60 Jenu Kurba Thithimathi Virajpet Ponnampet Wife. 0668 31-8-2010 No Taluk. Bhadragola ST Sannamma 46 J.K. Sanna. Father-Late- Virajpet, Kare Hadlu Bhadragola Putta Ponnampet 303 0.20 Jenu Kurba Village Thithimathi 0669 31-8-2010 No Wife. Gowri Virajpet Taluk. Bhadragola ST 47 Shankara. Father-Late- Kare Hadlu Bhadragola Virajpet, Somaiah 303 1.20 Jenu Kurba Village Thithimathi Ponnampet Wife. Susheela 0670 31-8-2010 No Virajpet Taluk. Bhadragola ST J.K 48 Raju J.K. Father-Late- Virajpet, Jenu Kurba Kare Hadlu Bhadragola Kariya Ponnampet 303 1.35 Village Thithimathi 0671 31-8-2010 ST No Wife. Kaveri Bhadragola Virajpet Taluk. 49 Ashoka J.K. Father-Mani J.T. Virajpet, Kare Hadlu Bhadragola Wife. J.H. Ponnampet 303 0.60 Jenu Kurba Village Thithimathi 0672 31-8-2010 No Lakshmi Virajpet Taluk. Bhadragola ST 50 Sannamma J.K. Husband Late Kare Hadlu Bhadragola Virajpet, Jenu Kurba Annaiah Village Thithimathi Ponnampet 303 0.15 0673 31-8-2010 ST No Devarapura Bhadragola Virajpet Taluk. 51 B.M. Soma. Kare Father-Late- Hadlu Bhadragola Virajpet, Jenu Kurba Mara Village Thithimathi Ponnampet 303 0.50 Wife. Kamala 0674 31-8-2010 ST No Devarapura Bhadragola Virajpet Taluk. 52 J.S. Chandru Father-Late- Kare Hadlu Bhadragola Virajpet, Jenu Kurba Gopala Village Thithimathi Ponnampet 303 3.20 Wife. Bhagya 0675 31-8-2010 ST No Devarapura Bhadragola Virajpet Taluk. 431
53 B.S. Shanthi. Kare Father-Late- Hadlu Bhadragola Virajpet, Kala Village Thithimathi Ponnampet 303 0.16 Jenu Kurba Foc-63/ Husband Mara 0676 31-8-2010 Devarapura Bhadragola ST 2002-03 Virajpet Taluk.
54 Parnda P.C. Kare Hadlu Virajpet, Yerava ST Bhadragola Village Wife. P Thangi Ponnampet 303 0.40 No Thithimathi Devarapura 0677 31-8-2010 Virajpet Taluk. Bhadragola
55 Smt Chelly Kare Hadlu Bhadragola Virajpet, Foc No Husband.Mara Village Thithimathi Ponnampet 303 0.16 Yerava ST 66/ 678 31-8-2010 Devarapura Bhadragola 2002-03 Virajpet Taluk. 56 Seetha Husband. Late Virajpet, Foc No Kare Hadlu Bhadragola Jenukurba Village Thithimathi Kala Ponnampet 303 0.16 65/ 0679 31-8-2010 ST Devarapura Bhadragola 2002-03 Virajpet Taluk.
57 J.K. Appaiah, Virajpet, BasavanallyHadi, Father- Kala No Ammathi 106/7A 1.50 Jenu Kurba Chennayana Kote Wife. Parvathy. 0176 No Virajpet Taluk Chennangi ST 58 J.B Kencha . Virajpet, Foc No BasavanallyHadi, Father- Basava Jenu Kurba No Ammathi 72/ Chennayana Kote Wife. J.K. 0177 106/7A 1.00 ST Chennangi 2002-03 Virajpet Taluk. Shanthi 59 J.M. Suresh. Virajpet, BasavanallyHadi, Jenu Kurba Father- Mutha No Ammathi No Chennayana Kote Wife. Prema 0178 106/7A 1.00 ST Virajpet Taluk. Chennangi 60 J.M. Somanna. Virajpet, BasavanallyHadi, Jenu Kurba Father-Mutha No Ammathi No Chennayana Kote 0179 106/7A 3.00 ST Virajpet Taluk. Chennangi 61 J.B. Ganesh. Virajpet, BasavanallyHadi, Father- Byra No Ammathi Jenu Kurba No Chennayana Kote Wife. Shanthi 0180 106/7A 1.20 Virajpet Taluk. Chennangi ST
432
62 J.B. Shankara. Virajpet, BasavanallyHadi, Father- Byra Jenu Kurba No Ammathi No Chennayana Kote 0181 106/7A 1.25 ST Chennangi Virajpet Taluk. 63 J.H. Manu. Virajpet, BasavanallyHadi, Father- Honna No Ammathi Jenu Kurba No Chennayana Kote Wife. Geetha 0182 106/7A 1.30 Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk. 64 J.H. Chandra. Virajpet, BasavanallyHadi, Father- Honna No Ammathi Jenu Kurba No Chennayana Kote Wife. Rajamma 0183 106/7A 1.75 Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk. 65 J.H. Thammana. Virajpet, BasavanallyHadi, Father- Honna No Ammathi Jenu Kurba No Chennayana Kote Wife- Gangu 0184 106/7A 2.20 Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk. 66 Muthamma. Virajpet, BasavanallyHadi, Husband. No Ammathi Yerava ST No Chennayana Kote Choma 0185 106/7A 4.00 Chennangi Virajpet Taluk. 67 J.M. Sivaji. Virajpet, BasavanallyHadi, Father Mutha Jenukurba No Ammathi No Chennayana Kote 0763 106/7A 4.30 ST Chennangi Virajpet Taluk.
68 Y.N. Kali Deyyada Hadlu Virajpet, Hadi. Chennangi Village. Father- Basuva No Ammathi Yerava Chennan Kote. Virajpet 0150 106/7A 1.40 No Taluk. Chennangi ST 69 Y.K. Ramu. Virajpet, Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Father- Kencha Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Yerava Wife- Chinnama 0151 106/7A 1.50 No Chennan Kote. Virajpet Chennangi ST Taluk. 70 P.K. Kala Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Father- Kencha Virajpet,
Chennangi Village. Wife- Chomi No Ammathi 106/7A 0.90 Yerava 0152 No Chennan Kote. P.K Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk. 433
71 P.K. Papu. Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Father- Kala Virajpet,
Chennangi Village. Wife. P.K. No Ammathi Yerava 0153 106/7A 1.60 No Chennan Kote. Seethe Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk. 72 P.P. Kaveri. Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Father- Balle Virajpet,
Chennangi Village. Husband .Pujari No Ammathi Yerava 0154 106/7A 1.90 No Chennan Kote. Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk. 73 P.K. Basava. Virajpet, Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Father- Jogi Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Yerava Wife. Malli 0155 106/7A 1.20 No Chennan Kote. Virajpet Chennangi ST Taluk. 74 P.S. Suresh. Virajpet, Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Father- Soma Foc No Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Yerava Wife- Y.R. 0156 106/7A 0.45 37/ Chennan Kote. Virajpet Gowramma Chennangi ST Taluk. 2002-03 75 Y.S. Raju. Virajpet, Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Father- Sundara Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Yerava Wife. Baby 0157 106/7A 0.50 No Chennan Kote. Virajpet Chennangi ST Taluk. 76 P.M. Sidda. Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Virajpet, Father- Mudda Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Yerava Wife- Subbi P.S. 0158 106/7A 0.75 No Chennan Kote. Virajpet Chennangi ST Taluk. 77 P.S. Gopi. Virajpet, Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Husband. Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Yerava P.K. Subba 0159 106/7A 1.25 No Chennan Kote. Virajpet Chennangi ST Taluk. 78 P.S. Madi. Virajpet, Panjari Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Husband. Late Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Yerava ST Nanja 0160 106/7A 0.90 No Chennan Kote. Virajpet Chennangi Taluk. 434
79 P.N. Thammu. Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Father. –Nelli Virajpet,
Chennangi Village. Wife- Y.T. Rani No Ammathi Yerava ST 0161 106/7A 1.70 No Chennan Kote. Chennangi Virajpet Taluk. 80 P.K. Chomi. Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Father –Nelli Virajpet,
Chennangi Village. Husband- Kala No Ammathi Yerava ST 0162 106/7A 0.70 No Chennan Kote. Chennangi Virajpet Taluk. 81 Y.K. Kaveri. Virajpet, Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Father –Nelli Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Yerava ST Husband Kala 0163 106/7A 0.10 No Chennan Kote. Virajpet Chennangi Taluk. 82 P.K. Kaveri. Virajpet, Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Father – Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Yearva St Sannaiah 0164 106/7A 1.00 No Chennan Kote. Virajpet Husband Kala Chennangi Taluk. 83 Y.P. Chomi Virajpet, Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Father –Pithiya Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Yearva ST Husband 0165 106/7A 0.10 No Chennan Kote. Virajpet Choma Chennangi Taluk. 84 P.S. Gowri. Virajpet, Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Father –P. Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Yearva ST Chama 0166 106/7A 1.30 No Chennan Kote. Virajpet Husband Subba Chennangi Taluk. 85 P.M. Nanji. Virajpet, Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Husband. Mara. Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Yearva ST 0167 106/7A 0.30 No Chennan Kote. Virajpet Chennangi Taluk. 86 P.S. Annappa. Virajpet, Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Father. –Subba Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Yearva ST Wife. J.K. Neela 0168 106/7A 1.60 No Chennan Kote. Virajpet Chennangi Taluk. 435
87 Y.C. Mutha. Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Father. – Virajpet, Foc No
Chennangi Village. Chama/ Kala No Ammathi 78/ 0169 106/7A 1.70 Yearva ST Chennan Kote. WifeY.K. Ponni Chennangi 2002-03 Virajpet Taluk. 88 Y.R. Basava. Father.– Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Late Ranga Virajpet, Foc No
Chennangi Village. Wife. Y.R. Joshi No Ammathi Yearva ST 79/ 0170 106/7A 1.10 Chennan Kote. Chennangi 2002-03 Virajpet Taluk 89 J.K. Baby. Deyyada Hadlu Hadi. Chennangi Father- J. Putta. Virajpet,
Village. Husband- No Ammathi Jenukurba 0171 106/7A 1.60 No Chennan Kote. Thammu Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk 90 P.K. Subba. Deyyada Hadlu Adivasi Father- Kariya Virajpet, Hadi. Chennangi Wife- P.S. Gopi Ammathi Yerava Village. 0758 31-8-2010 106/7A 1.25 No Chennangi ST Chennan Kote. Virajpet Taluk 91 Y.P. Raju. Virajpet, Deyyada Hadlu Adivasi Father- Papu Hadi. Chennangi Village. Ammathi Yerava Wife- 0759 31-8-2010 106/7A 1.00 No Chennan Kote. Virajpet P.M. Manjula Chennangi ST Taluk 92 Y.K. Lakshmana. Deyyada Hadlu Adivasi Father- Virajpet,
Hadi. Chennangi Village. P.K. Kencha Ammathi Yerava 0760 31-8-2010 106/7A 0.92 No Chennan Kote. Virajpet Wife- Chennangi ST Taluk Y.L. Kalamma 93 Y.P. Appanna. Deyyada Hadlu Adivasi Father. P.P. Virajpet, Hadi. Chennangi Papu Ammathi Jenukurba Village. Wife. P.S. Baby 0761 31-8-2010 106/7A 1.60 No Chennangi ST Chennan Kote. Virajpet Taluk
436
94 Y.R Siddappaji. Deyyada Hadlu Adivasi Father. Virajpet, Hadi. Chennangi Y.K.Ramu Ammathi Jenukurba Village. Wife. Y.R. 0762 31-8-2010 106/7A 1.30 No Chennangi ST Chennan Kote. Kaveri Virajpet Taluk 95 Kencha J.B. Father- Basuva Chottepare Hadi, Virajpet,
Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba 0097 106/7A 2.25 No Chennayankote Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk. 96 Muthumani. J.L Chottepare Hadi, Virajpet, Father. Linga. Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Wife. Komala 0098 106/7A 2.60 No Chennayankote Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk. 97 Papanna J.B. Chottepare Hadi, Father. Basava. Virajpet, Chennangi Village. Wife. No Ammathi Jenukurba Chennayankote 0099 106/7A 2.25 No Chandravathi Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk.
98 J.S. Thammaiah. Chottepare Hadi, Virajpet, Father. Sidda. Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Wife. Jaya 0100 106/7A 4.00 No Chennayankote Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk. 99 Basappa J.K.. Chottepare Hadi, Virajpet, Father. Kencha Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Wife. Savithri 0101 106/7A 3.70 No Chennayankote Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk. 100 Kencha J.K.. Chottepare Hadi, Virajpet, Foc No Father. Kariya Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba 24/ Wife. Gowru 0102 106/7A 2.60 Chennayankote Chennangi ST 2002 Virajpet Taluk. 437
101 Ramu J.K. Chottepare Hadi, Virajpet, Father. Kencha Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Wife.Lakshmi 0103 106/7A 3.70 No Chennayankote Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk. 102 Ramu J.K. Chottepare Hadi, Virajpet, Father. Kencha Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Wife.Lakshmi 0104 106/7A 0.15 No Chennayankote Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk. 103 Manju J.K. Virajpet, Chottepare Hadi, Father. Kencha Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba No Wife.Rani 0105 106/7A 2.10 Chennayankote Virajpet Chennangi ST Taluk. 104 Raju J.K. Chottepare Virajpet, Hadi, Father- Kala Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Wife- Radha 0106 106/7A 3.10 No Chennayankote Virajpet Chennangi ST Taluk. 105 Janu J.S. Virajpet, Chottepare Hadi, Husband- Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Subba. 0107 106/7A 3.50 No Chennayankote Virajpet Chennangi ST Taluk. 106 J.S. Rajanna. Virajpet, Chottepare Hadi, Father- Subba Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Wife- Seethe 0108 106/7A 0.80 No Chennan Kote. Virajpet Chennangi ST Taluk. 107 J.S. Byra. Chottepare Virajpet, Hadi, Father- Sidda Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Wife- Kali 0109 106/7A 0.60 No Chennayankote Virajpet Chennangi ST Taluk. 108 Gange J.R. Virajpet, Chottepare Hadi, Husband- Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Rama 0110 106/7A 0.80 No Chennayankote Virajpet Chennangi ST Taluk. 438
109 Raghu J.R. Father- Rama Chottepare Hadi, Virajpet, ( Rangaiah) Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Wife- Gowri 0111 106/7A 0.60 No Chennayankote Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk. 110 Muthappa J.M. Chottepare Hadi, Virajpet, Father- Mutta Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Wife- Prema 0112 106/7A 1.60 No Chennayankote Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk. 111 J.R. Rami. Virajpet, Chottepare Hadi, Husband- Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Rama 0113 106/7A 2.00 No Chennayankote Virajpet Chennangi ST Taluk. 112 PuttaRaju.J.K Chottepare Hadi, Virajpet, Father- Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Kalinga 0114 106/7A 5.00 No Chennayankote Virajpet Chennangi ST Taluk. Wife- Saroja 113 Mutha J.B. Virajpet, Chottepare Hadi, Father- Byra Jenukurba Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Wife- Shanthi 0115 106/7A 3.80 ST No Chennayankote Virajpet Chennangi Taluk. 114 Kulla J.K. Virajpet, Chottepare Hadi, Father- Kariya Jenukurba Chennangi Village. No Ammathi 0116 106/7A 0.50 ST No Chennayankote Virajpet Chennangi Taluk. 115 Gange J.P. Virajpet, Chottepare Hadi, Husband- Putta Jenukurba Chennangi Village. No Ammathi 0117 106/7A 2.40 ST No Chennayankote Virajpet Chennangi Taluk. 116 J.M. Gowri. Virajpet, Chottepare Hadi, Husband- Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Mutta 0118 106/7A 3.30 No Chennayankote Virajpet Chennangi ST Taluk. 439
117 Rajappa J.M. Chottepare Hadi, Virajpet, Father- Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Mutta Ganesh 0119 106/7A 3.20 No Chennayankote Wife- Latha Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk. 118 Raju J.K. Chottepare Hadi, Virajpet, Father- Jenukurba Foc No Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Kalinga 0120 106/7A 1.40 ST 27/2002 Chennayankote Wife- Ammuni Chennangi Virajpet Taluk. 119 Rajamani J.P. Chottepare Virajpet, Hadi, Father- Agala Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Foc No Wife- 0121 106/7A 0.80 Chennayankote Virajpet Chennangi ST 31/2002 Taluk. Neelamma 120 Sannappa . Father- Putta Virajpet, Chottepare Hadi, (Govinda) Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Foc No Wife- Susheela 0122 106/7A 0.40 Chennan Kote. Virajpet Chennangi ST 29/2002 Taluk. 121 Susheela J.B Chottepare Virajpet, Hadi, Husband- Babu Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba 0123 106/7A 0.80 No Chennayankote Virajpet Chennangi ST Taluk. 122 Raju J.B. Chottepare Virajpet, Hadi, Father- Boja Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Wife- Shanthi 0124 106/7A 0.80 No Chennayankote Virajpet Chennangi ST Taluk 123 Kalamma J.H. Virajpet, Chottepare Hadi, Husband- Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Honna 0125 106/7A 1.50 No Chennayankote Virajpet Chennangi ST Taluk 124 Boja J.K. Chottepare Virajpet, Hadi, Father- Kencha Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Foc No Wife- Gowri 0126 106/7A 1.30 Chennayankote Virajpet Chennangi ST 25/2002 Taluk. 440
125 Raghu J.P. Chottepare Hadi, Virajpet, Father- Putta Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Wife- Janaki 0127 106/7A 1.50 No Chennayankote Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk. 126 Annappa J.K. Chottepare Hadi, Virajpet, Father- Kencha Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Wife- Latha 0128 106/7A 0.80 No Chennayankote J.A Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk. 127 Boja J.B. Chottepare Virajpet, Hadi, Father- Basava Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Foc No Wife- 0129 106/7A 0.90 Chennayankote Virajpet Chennangi ST 26/2002 Taluk. Parvathy 128 J.M. Mani. Chottepare Hadi, Virajpet, Father- Mutha Chennangi Village. No Ammathi Jenukurba Wife- Meena 0764 106/7A 2.60 No Chennayankote Chennangi ST Virajpet Taluk. 129 P.C. Chatha Father- Actual Reshme Hadlu, Hadi, Virajpet, Sy No Late Sidda Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Yerava 303 Wife- Thimmi 0524 104/6 0.90 Chennangi Village Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 130 J.B. Ganesh, Father-Bolla Actual Reshme Hadlu, Hadi, Virajpet, Sy No Wife-Kaveri Junu kurba Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet 303 0525 104/6 1.60 ST Chennangi Village Nookya Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 131 J.R. Muthu. Actual Father-Ramu Reshme Hadlu, Hadi, Sy No Wife-Kamali 303 Dodda Reshme Hadlu Virajpet, J.M. Junu kurba Bhadrag Chennangi Village 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Virajpet Taluk. 0526 104/6 1.40 ST ola Foc Nookya No 116/ 2002-03 441
132 J.L. Muthu. Actual Reshme Hadlu, Hadi, Father- Virajpet, Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu Late Linga 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Yerava 303 0527 104/6 1.00 Chennangi Village Wife- J.B. Rami Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 133 J.B. Rama. Actual Father- Reshme Hadlu, Hadi, Sy No Late Bolla Dodda Reshme Hadlu 303 Wife- Gowri Virajpet, Chennangi Village Bhadrag 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Yerava ola Virajpet Taluk. 0528 104/6 2.85 Nookya ST Foc No 112/ 2002-03 134 J.B. Annu. Father- Linga Actual Reshme Hadlu, Hadi, Virajpet, Sy No Wife- Meena Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Yerava 303 0529 104/6 0.55 Chennangi Village Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 135 J.K. Thimma. Actual Reshme Hadlu, Hadi, Virajpet, Father- Kodangi Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Yerava 303 Basava 0530 104/6 0.30 Chennangi Village Wife- Parvathy Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 136 P.M. Raju. Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu, Hadi, Father-Late Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet 303 Mara 0531 104/6 0.20 Yerava. ST Chennangi Village Wife- Devakki Nookya Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 137 J.M. Rama. Actual Reshme Hadlu, Hadi, Father- Virajpet, Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu Late J.T. Mutta 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 0532 104/6 2.00 Chennangi Village Wife- Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. Gangamma ola 138 P.S. Seethe. Father- Actual Reshme Hadlu, Hadi, Virajpet, Sy No Late. Sidda Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Yerava 303 0533 104/6 1.10 Chennangi Village Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 442
139 P.C. Gange. Actual Reshme Hadlu, Hadi, Virajpet, Father- Sidda.P Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Yerava 303 Husband – Kala 0534 104/6 1.10 Chennangi Village Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola
140 P.S. Subba. Actual Reshme Hadlu, Hadi, Father- Sidda. Sy No 303 Dodda Reshme Hadlu Wife- Virajpet, Chennangi Village Neelamma Bhadrag 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukuruba ola Virajpet Taluk. 0535 104/6 1.50 Nookya ST Foc No 120/ 2002-03
141 B.M. Kala. Actual Reshme Hadlu, Hadi, Father- Virajpet, Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu Sannamara 31-8-2010 Ponnampet 303 0536 104/6 7.25 Kuruba ST Chennangi Village Wife- Manjula Nookya Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 142 P.C. Raju. Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu, Hadi, Father-Chanda Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet 303 Wife- Gowri 0537 104/6 4.05 Kurba ST Chennangi Village Nookya Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 143 P.C. Papu. Actual Reshme Hadlu, Hadi, Father-Late Virajpet, Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu Chikanna 31-8-2010 Ponnampet 303 0538 104/6 0.30 Yerava ST Chennangi Village Wife- Pushpa Nookya Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 144 P.P. Sidda. Actual Reshme Hadlu, Hadi, Father-Late Virajpet, Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu Paka 31-8-2010 Ponnampet 303 0539 104/6 1.50 Yerava ST Chennangi Village Wife- Gowri Nookya Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 145 P.M. Mutha. Actual Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father-Mara Virajpet, Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu Wife- Gange 31-8-2010 Ponnampet 303 0540 104/6 1.90 Yerava ST Chennangi Village Nookya Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 443
146 P.P. Gowri. Actual Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father-Late Virajpet, Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu Paka 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 0541 104/6 1.00 Chennangi Village Husband. Late Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. Rama ola 147 P.P. Gowri. Actual Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father-Late Virajpet, Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu Paka 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 0542 104/6 0.35 Chennangi Village Husband –Late Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. Rama ola 148 Chikki Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Husband – Kala Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet 303 0543 104/6 1.00 Yerava ST Chennangi Village Nookya Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 149 Chikki Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Husband –Late Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet 303 Kala 0544 104/6 1.10 Yerava ST Chennangi Village Nookya Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 150 Y.S. Nanji Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Wife- Late Nelly Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet 303 0545 104/6 0.75 Yerava ST Chennangi Village Nookya Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 151 Mallige B.K. Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father – Chanda Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet JenuKuruba 303 Husband – Papu 0546 104/6 8.00 Chennangi Village Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 152 P.S Shanthi Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father – Nanja Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet 303 Husband – 0547 104/6 0.80 Yerava ST Chennangi Village Subba Nookya Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 153 P.M. Raju. Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father –Late Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet 303 Mara 0548 104/6 0.85 Yerava ST Chennangi Village Nookya Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 444
154 Sanna J.B. Actual Sy Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father – No 303 Virajpet, Bhadragol Dodda Reshme Hadlu Govinda a 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenu Kurba Chennangi Village Wife - Sarasu 0549 104/6 1.50 Foc No Virajpet Taluk. Nookya ST 114/ 2002-03
155 P.K. Ashoka. Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father – Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet 303 P.B.Kala 0550 104/6 0.40 Yerava ST Chennangi Village Wife – Savitha Nookya Bhadrago Virajpet Taluk. la 156 J.K. Kencha. Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father –Putta Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 Wife – Gowri 0551 104/6 2.00 Chennangi Village Nookya ST Bhadrago Virajpet Taluk. la 157 J.H. Hejjaiah. Reshme Actual Hadlu,Hadi, Father –Honna Sy No 303 Dodda Reshme Hadlu Wife – Virajpet, Chennangi Village Bhadrago Sannamma 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba la Virajpet Taluk. 0552 104/6 0.70 Nookya ST Foc No 94/ 2002-03 158 J.P. Rama. Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father –Putta Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 Wife – 0553 104/6 0.80 Chennangi Village Sannajayamma Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 159 Kencha J.P. Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father –Putta Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 Wife – Kali 0554 104/6 0.95 Chennangi Village Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 160 J.R. Ravi. Father –Ranga Actual Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Wife –J.R. Sy No 303 Dodda Reshme Hadlu Gowri Virajpet, Chennangi Village Bhadrago 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba la Virajpet Taluk. 0555 104/6 0.55 Nookya ST Foc No- 93/ 2002-03 445
161 J.D. Kariya. Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father –Dasa Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 Wife –J. 0556 104/6 1.00 Chennangi Village Jayanthy Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 162 J.S. Kencha. Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father –Subba Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 Wife –Parvathi 0557 104/6 0.95 Chennangi Village Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 163 J.G. Thimma. Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father –Gopala Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 Wife –Geetha 0558 104/6 0.85 Chennangi Village Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 164 J.S. Gopala. Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father –Late Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 Basava 0559 104/6 2.55 Chennangi Village Wife –Kenchi Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 165 J.P. Ramu. Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, - Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 0560 104/6 0.30 Chennangi Village Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 166 Shanthi C.S. Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Husband- Mara Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 0561 104/6 1.00 Chennangi Village Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 167 P.M. Raju. Actual Virajpet, Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father- Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 31-8-2010 Ponnampet 303 Late Mara 0562 104/6 0.80 Yerava ST Chennangi Village Nookya Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 168 P.C. Appi. Actual Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father – Virajpet, Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu 303 P.S. Chikka 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Chennangi Village Wife –Rathi 0563 104/6 0.50 Yerava ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. Nookya ola
446
169 Subash P.R. Actual Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Mother- Kaveri Virajpet, Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu Wife –Jayanthi 31-8-2010 Ponnampet 303 0564 104/6 0.70 Yerava ST Chennangi Village Nookya Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 170 Boji P.C. Actual Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father- Virajpet, Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu Late Basava 31-8-2010 Ponnampet 303 0565 104/6 0.50 Yerava ST Chennangi Village Husband- Late Nookya Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. Chatha ola 171 J.K. Suresh. Actual Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father-Kencha Virajpet, Sy No Dodda Reshme Hadlu Wife – Gowri 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 0566 104/6 0.28 Chennangi Village Nookya ST Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. ola 172 J.K. Ramu. Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father-Honna Actual Virajpet, Dodda Reshme Hadlu Wife – J. Kulli Sy No 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 Chennangi Village 0567 104/6 0.40 Virajpet Taluk. Nookya ST Bhadrag ola
173 J.K. Rajanna. Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father-J. Kencha Actual Dodda Reshme Hadlu Wife – Sy No Virajpet, 303 Chennangi Village J.R. Neelamma 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba Bhadrag Virajpet Taluk. 0568 104/6 0.50 Nookya ST ola Foc No 104/ 2002-03 174 J.K. Rajanna. Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father-Mutha Actual Virajpet, Dodda Reshme Hadlu Wife – Shanthi Sy No 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 Chennangi Village 0569 104/6 0.60 Virajpet Taluk. Nookya ST Bhadrag ola
447
175 Rajappa J.L. Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father-Linga Actual Virajpet, Dodda Reshme Hadlu Wife – Lalitha Sy No 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 Chennangi Village 0570 104/6 0.60 Virajpet Taluk. Nookya ST Bhadrag ola
176 J.L. Chandra. Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father-Linga Actual Virajpet, Dodda Reshme Hadlu Wife – Leela Sy No 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 Chennangi Village 0571 104/6 0.20 Virajpet Taluk. Nookya ST Bhadrag ola
177 J.P. Raju. Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father-Late Actual Virajpet, Dodda Reshme Hadlu Putta Sy No 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 Chennangi Village Wife – Janu 0572 104/6 0.12 Virajpet Taluk. Nookya ST Bhadrag ola
178 J.R.Chandru . Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father-Ramu Actual Virajpet, Dodda Reshme Hadlu J.H. Sy No 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Jenukurba 303 Chennangi Village 0573 104/6 0.12 Virajpet Taluk. Nookya ST Bhadrag ola
179 Kavery. P.C. Actual Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father-Chama Virajpet, Sy No 303 Dodda Reshme Hadlu Husband- Late 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Chennangi Village Rama 0574 104/6 0.25 Yerava ST Bhadrag Nookya ola Virajpet Taluk.
180 Chinni. Actual Reshme Hadlu,Hadi, Father-Late Virajpet, Sy No 303 Dodda Reshme Hadlu Kala. 31-8-2010 Ponnampet Chennangi Village Husband- 0575 104/6 2.10 Yerava ST Bhadrag Nookya ola Virajpet Taluk. Choma
448
181 Ravi P.M. Father- Chikka Reshme, Late.Mara Virajpet, Adivasi Hadi, 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Panjari Chennangi, 0053 2.40 No Chennangi Block-1 Yerava ST Chennankote, Virajpet Taluk 182 Ramu P.S. Father- Subba Chikka Reshme, Wife- Boji Adivasi Hadi, Virajpet, 13-1-2010 106/7A Chennangi, 0054 Ammathy 2.00 Yerava ST No Block-2 Chennankote, Chennangi Virajpet Taluk
183 Ashoka P.N. Father-Nanja Chikka Reshme, Wife-Kaveri Virajpet, Adivasi Hadi, P.A. 13-1-2010 106/7A 0055 Ammathy 2.50 Yerava ST No Chennangi, Block-3 Chennangi Chennankote, Virajpet Taluk 184 Kashi P.S. Chikka Father-Subba Reshme, Adivasi Hadi, Wife-Madi Virajpet, 106/7A Chennangi, 13-1-2010 Ammathy 1.50 Yerava ST No 0056 Block-4 Chennankote, Chennangi Virajpet Taluk. 185 Boji P. Father-Ranga Chikka Reshme, Husband- Virajpet, Adivasi Hadi, Late Rajappa 13-1-2010 106/7A 0057 Ammathy 1.50 Yerava ST No Chennangi, P.S Block-5 Chennangi Chennankote, Virajpet Taluk. 186 Kala P.M. Father-Malla Chikka Reshme, Wife-Monni Adivasi Hadi, Virajpet, 13-1-2010 106/7A Chennangi, 0058 Ammathy 1.50 Yerava ST No Block-6 Chennankote, Chennangi Virajpet Taluk.
449
187 Rahgu Y. S. Father-Sidda Chikka Reshme, Wife- Adivasi Hadi, Gowramma Virajpet, 13-1-2010 106/7A Panjari Chennangi, 0059 Ammathy 0.50 No Block-7 Yearav ST Chennankote, Chennangi Virajpet Taluk.
188 Putti P.K. Chikka Reshme, Adivasi Hadi, Husband- Late Virajpet,
Chennangi, Belli 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A 0060 2.50 Yearav ST No Chennankote, Chennangi Block-8 Virajpet Taluk. 189 Soma Y.K. Chikka Reshme, Father-Late. Virajpet, Adivasi Hadi, Kala 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Chennangi, Wife-Late 0061 1.50 Yearav ST No Chennangi Block-9 Chennankote, Lakshmi Virajpet Taluk. 190 Gange P.C. Chikka Reshme, Father-Chatha Virajpet, Adivasi Hadi, Husband- Late 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Chennangi, Chatha 0062 0.40 Yearav ST No Chennangi Block-10 Chennankote, Virajpet Taluk. 191 Soma Y.S. Chikka Reshme, Father- Virajpet, Adivasi Hadi, Late Subba 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Chennangi, Wife- Jyothi P.K 0063 1.50 Yearav ST No Chennangi Block-11 Chennankote, Virajpet Taluk. 192 Devi P.J. Chikka Reshme, Husband - Adivasi Hadi, Late Mara Virajpet,
Chennangi, 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A 0064 0.30 Yearav ST No Chennankote, Chennangi Block-12 Virajpet Taluk.
450
193 Kala P.J. Chikka Reshme, Father- Virajpet, Adivasi Hadi, Jogi 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Chennangi, Wife- Devi 0065 1.10 Yearav ST No Chennangi Block-13 Chennankote, Virajpet Taluk 194 Chikki. P.P. Father- Kunte Chikka Reshme, Husband- Late Virajpet, Adivasi Hadi, P.K. Kunte 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Chennangi, 0066 6.00 Yearav ST No Chennangi Block-14 Chennankote, Virajpet Taluk. 195 Pembi P.M. Chikka Reshme, Father- Chatha Virajpet, Adivasi Hadi, Husband- Late 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Chennangi, Macha 0067 0.70 Yearav ST No Chennangi Block-15 Chennankote, Virajpet Taluk. 196 Boji P.M. Chikka Reshme, Father- Late Adivasi Hadi, Kala Virajpet,
Chennangi, Husband- Mutha 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A 0068 3.30 Yearav ST No Chennankote, Chennangi Block-16 Virajpet Taluk.
197 Mada P.P. Chikka Reshme, Adivasi Hadi, Father- Putta Virajpet, Chennangi, Wife-Gange 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Chennankote, P.M. 0069 2.20 Yearav ST No Chennangi Block-17 Virajpet Taluk.
198 Chatha P.S. Chikka Reshme, Adivasi Hadi, Father- Subba Virajpet, Chennangi, Wife-Boji. 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Chennankote, 0070 1.50 Yearav ST No Chennangi Block-18 Virajpet Taluk.
451
199 Mutha P.M. Chikka Reshme, Father- Macha Adivasi Hadi, Wife-Neela Virajpet, Foc No
Chennangi, 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A 88/ 0071 3.30 Yearav ST Chennankote, Chennangi Block-19 2002-03 Virajpet Taluk.
200 Boja P.K. Chikka Reshme, Father- Kala Virajpet, Adivasi Hadi, Wife-Subbi Y.R 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Chennangi, 0073 2.00 Yearav ST No Chennangi Block-21 Chennankote, Virajpet Taluk. 201 Kaveri Y.M. Chikka Reshme, Adivasi Hadi, Husband- Late Virajpet, Chennangi, Jogi 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Chennankote, 0074 3.00 Yearav ST No Chennangi Block-22 Virajpet Taluk.
202 Karpi P.J Chikka Reshme, Husband- Late Virajpet, Adivasi Hadi, Rama 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Chennangi, 0075 2.30 Yearav ST No Chennangi Block-23 Chennankote, Virajpet Taluk. 203 Chikki P.M. Chikka Reshme, Husband- Late Virajpet, Adivasi Hadi, Mani 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Chennangi, 0076 0.50 Yearav ST No Chennangi Block-24 Chennankote, Virajpet Taluk. 204 Mare P.C. Chikka Reshme, Husband- Late Virajpet, Adivasi Hadi, Chatha 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Chennangi, 0077 0.60 Yearav ST No Chennangi Block-26 Chennankote, Virajpet Taluk. 452
205 J.T. Seena Father-Thimma Kesuvena Kere Virajpet, Wife- Neela Adivasi Hadi 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A 2.20 Jenukurba 0078 No Chennangi Village Chennangi Block-1 ST Virajpet Taluk. 206 J.K. Krishna. Father-Thimma Kesuvena Kere Virajpet, Wife- Kamala Adivasi Hadi 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Jenukurba 0079 1.90 No Chennangi Village Chennangi Block-2 ST Virajpet Taluk. 207 J.S. Rama. Father-Late Kesuvena Kere Subba Virajpet, Adivasi Hadi Wife- J.R 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Jenukurba Chennangi Village 0080 0.45 No Janakki Chennangi Block-3 ST Virajpet Taluk.
208 J.R. Thimma. Father-Late Kesuvena Kere Virajpet, Ranga Adivasi Hadi 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Jenukurba Wife- Honni 0081 2.20 No Chennangi Village Chennangi Block-4 ST Virajpet Taluk. 209 P.K. Malla. Father-Late P. Kesuvena Kere Virajpet, Kariya Adivasi Hadi 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Wife- P.M. 0082 2.80 Yerava ST No Chennangi Village Chennangi Block-5 Lakshmi Virajpet Taluk. 210 Y.M. Suresha Father- Kesuvena Kere Virajpet, P.K. Malla Foc No Adivasi Hadi 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Wife- Y.S. Mare 0083 0.40 Yerava ST 82/ Chennangi Village Chennangi Block-6 2002-03 Virajpet Taluk. 211 P.J. Nelli. Father- Jogi Kesuvena Kere Wife- Kaveri Virajpet, Adivasi Hadi Foc No 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Chennangi Village 0084 0.42 Yerava ST 81/ Chennangi Block-7 Virajpet Taluk. 2002-03
453
212 P.M. Soma. Father- Mara Kesuvena Kere Virajpet, Wife- Kaveri Adivasi Hadi 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A 0085 1.55 Yerava ST No Chennangi Village Chennangi Block-8 Virajpet Taluk. 213 P.K. Racha. Kesuvena Father- Kariya Kere Wife- Devi Virajpet, Adivasi Hadi 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Chennangi Village 0086 0.32 Yerava ST No Chennangi Block-9 Virajpet Taluk.
214 P.K. Nanja. Kesuvena Father- Kariya Kere Virajpet, Wife- Kali Foc No Adivasi Hadi 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A 0087 0.25 Yerava ST 50/ Chennangi Village Chennangi Block-10 2002-03 Virajpet Taluk. 215 P.M. Sidda. Father- P. Mada Kesuvena Kere Virajpet, Wife- Gowri Adivasi Hadi 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A 0088 0.25 Yerava ST No Chennangi Village Chennangi Block-11 Virajpet Taluk.
216 P.M. Annu. Kesuvena Kere Virajpet, Father- P. Mara Adivasi Hadi 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Wife- P.A. 0089 0.25 Yerava ST No Chennangi Village Savithri Chennangi Block-12 Virajpet Taluk. 217 P.B. Mutha. Father- Kesuvena Kere Late Bachi Virajpet, Adivasi Hadi Wife- 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Chennangi Village 0090 1.30 Yerava ST No P.M.Gowri Chennangi Block-13 Virajpet Taluk.
218 P.S. Mani. Father- Sidda Kesuvena Kere Virajpet, Wife- Manju Adivasi Hadi 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A 0091 0.25 Yerava ST No Chennangi Village Chennangi Block-14 Virajpet Taluk. 454
219 P.R. Mota. Father-Ranga Kesuvena Kere Virajpet, Wife- P.M. Nagi Adivasi Hadi 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A 0092 1.20 Yerava ST No Chennangi Village Chennangi Block-15 Virajpet Taluk. 220 P.B. Raju. Father-P. Boja Kesuvena Kere Virajpet, Wife- P.R. Adivasi Hadi 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A Muthi 0093 0.80 Yerava ST No Chennangi Village Chennangi Block-16 Virajpet Taluk. 221 P.B. Rama Father-P. Boja Kesuvena Kere Virajpet, Wife- P.R. Devi Foc No Adivasi Hadi 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A 0094 1.00 Yerava ST 83/ Chennangi Village Chennangi Block-17 2002-03 Virajpet Taluk. 222 P.R. Mutha. Kesuvena Father-Ranga Kere Virajpet, Wife- Setthe Adivasi Hadi 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A 0095 1.80 Yerava ST No Chennangi Village Chennangi Block-18 Virajpet Taluk 223 P.K. Boja Kesuvena Father-Kariya Kere Virajpet, Wife- Chomi Adivasi Hadi 13-1-2010 Ammathy 106/7A 0096 1.50 Yerava ST No Chennangi Village Chennangi Block-19 Virajpet Taluk 290.645
Abstract No. of Right Extent of area for which Range Holders Hakkupatra distributed in acres Makut 14 2.04 Thithimathi 223 290.645 Grand Total 237 292.685
455
Annexure - XLX (c )
Details of Encroachment of Paisari lands in Virajpet division
Sl. Forest Block Details. Detals of Encroached/unauthorisedly occupied land. Remar No ks. Name & Notificatio Gazette District Taluk. Hobli. Village. Sy.No. Area Area Name of the RF/VF/DF n No. & details. encroach encroached encroachers. Date. ed (in (in Acre). Ha). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 DETAILS OF ENCROACHMENT IN PAISARY LAND Land Transferred from Revenue 1 - - Kodagu Virajpet Hudikeri Hysodlur 1/1 0.202 0.50 Kurubara Linga 1 Forest Department. (Paisari) 2 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Hysodlur 1/1 0.202 0.50 Kurubara Boja 1
3 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Hysodlur 1/1 0.202 0.50 Kurubara Rama 1
4 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Hysodlur 1/1 0.809 2.00 Nurera Ramesh 1
5 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Hysodlur 1/1 0.809 2.00 Madira Pemmaiah 1
6 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Hysodlur 1/1 0.809 2.00 Bojjangada Nachappa 1
7 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Hysodlur 1/1 1.214 3.00 Mandangada M.Raghu 1
8 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Kongana 161,162 0.810 2.00 Kademada Sannu 1
9 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- Ponnampet Kongana 161,162 0.810 2.00 Kademada K Appaiah 1
10 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Kongana 161,162 1.215 3.00 Kademada N 1 Bheemaiah 11 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Kongana 161,162 1.215 3.00 Kademada N Biddappa 1
475 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 12 Kongana 161,162 1.215 3.00 Kademada Sari 1
13 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Kongana 161,162 1.215 3.00 Namera lathesh 1
14 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Kongana 161,162 0.810 2.00 Namera N.Chinnappa 1 15 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Kongana 161,162 0.810 2.00 Namera B.Naveen 1 16 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Kongana 161,162 1.215 3.00 Namera N.Nanjappa 1 17 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Begoor 175/1 1.215 3.00 C.A.Aiyanna 5 18 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- Hudikeri Kongana 161, 162 1.215 3.00 Namera N.Kariappa 1 19 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- Hudikeri Kongana 161, 162 0.810 2.00 Namera S Bheemaiah 1 20 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- Balele Kongana 161, 162 0.810 2.00 Namera G Dada 1 21 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Kongana 161, 162 0.810 2.00 Kademada M Ramesh 1 22 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Hysodlur 1/1 0.810 2.00 Changulanda Poovaiah 1 23 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Begoor 175/1 1.21 3.00 Matranda Nachappa 1 24 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Begoor 175/1 1.21 3.00 Matranda Uthappa 1 25 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Begoor 175/1 1.21 3.00 M.B.Aiyappa 1 26 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- Ponnampet Kongana 161, 162 1.21 3.00 Thithimada N.Biddappa 1
TOTAL: 24.067 59.50
Abstract
Total No.of Cases in 306 Cases 1706.72 Acres Notified forest
Total No.of Cases in 26 Cases 59.50 Acres. Paisary Land
TOTAL: 332 Cases 1766.22 Acres.
476 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Working Plan of Virajpet Forest Division Executive summery
1.1.1 Name - This working plan deals with the areas falling under the territorial jurisdiction of Virajpet forest division consisting of Virajpet, Thithimathi, Ponnampet, Makut and Mundrote ranges in Kodagu district. Besides reserved forest areas, the plan also deals with the areas falling under the categories of Paisari, Devarakadus, Jammamalais etc.
1.1.2 Area - Virajpet forest division was formed by shifting the post of wildlife division, Mysore vide Government Order No: AHFF/83/FNG/92 Bangalore dated: 8/5/92 by carving out certain areas from the old Madikeri division and old Hunsur division as they existed before 1992.The division is bounded on the north by Madikeri forest division and Talacauvery wildlife sanctuary, on the south by Kerala State, on the east by Hunsur wildlife division and on the west by Kerala State and Madikeri forest division. The total length of the forest boundary is 350 kms of which 72 kms constitute inter-state boundary between Karnataka and Kerala along the southern and western sides of Virajpet division.The total geographical area of the division is 1410.48 sq. kms. Out of this, the notified forest is about 23%.
1.1.3 Situation -The boundary of the division lies between latitudes 11o 55' to 12o 20' north and between longitudes 75o 25' to 76o 05' east of Greenwich.
1.1.4 Topography and altitude - The tract has mountainous configuration with rivers, valleys, ravines, spurs etc. The tract becomes undulating and plains towards the east, while towards the west, it attains great heights with precipitous slopes. The general elevation of the tract varies from 100 m to 1745 m. The highest peak of Kodagu district, Tadiandmol, with an elevation of 1745 m. is situated in this tract.
1.1.5 Rock & Soil - The underlying rock is the peninsular gneiss in the various stages of disintegration. The peninsular gneiss consists of granite gneiss and banded gneiss. At many places granites are exposed as massive and rounded boulders or can be seen as outcrop. The availability of economically important minerals in the region is poor. In the eastern part, especially in the Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests, soils are clayey loam and deep.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore I Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
But in the western and southwest parts soil is laterite, lateritic bright red or yellow in colour. In some patches, they are loamy but having a sandy top layer.
1.2 CLIMATIC PARAMETERS
1.2.1 Climate - The climate of the region may be broadly termed as tropical except at the higher reaches of the hills where it is montane sub-tropical.
1.2.2 Rainfall - There is wide variation of rainfall in the western and eastern parts. It decreases from west to east. In the western part, Makut and Mundrote receive rainfall of about 5290 mm while in the eastern part, Thithimathi receives about 1000 mm rainfall. Eighty percent of the rainfall is received during the period of southwest monsoon. Average rainfall from 11 years data analysis is found to be 2273 mm in the division.
1.2.3 Temperature - Temperature also varies considerably from top of the hills to the foothills. The mean maximum and mean minimum temperature is 28.6oC and 12.0oC respectively.
1.2.4 Humidity- In general air remains quite humid all through the year, particularly in rainy season. Fog is also quite common in the region except during the period from March to May.
1.2.5 Winds - The winds are generally light to moderate and sometimes become severe during the southwest monsoon.
1.3 WATER SUPPLY.
Major portion of the division drains eastwards into the Cauvery and Laxmanthirtha rivers, which ultimately join the Bay of Bengal. As the area is situated in the Western Ghats that receive heavy to very heavy rainfall, there are several rivulets and streams of seasonal or perennial nature transecting the area and later joining the tributaries of the main rivers. Barapole is the only important river that flows towards the west and joins the Arabian Sea.
1.4 DISTRIBUTION AND AREA.
1.4.1 - In the old Coorg district, various areas had been reserved from time to time in the past under the provisions of Indian Forest Act, 1878 as per the orders of the Chief Commissioner of Coorg. The reserved forests were under the absolute control of Forest department for all purposes. The areas outside the reserved forests were burdened with numerous rights and concessions for the local people for their day-to-day needs. This unrestricted access had made
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore II Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division the areas badly degraded. The Government by its order dated 8/5/78 had transferred Paisari and C and D class lands to the Forest department from the Revenue department for their management. Besides, certain other categories of Government lands like Devarakadu also have been transferred to Forest department. There are four reserved forests in the division namely Padinalknad RF, Kerti RF, Mavukal RF and Devamachi RF with a total extent of 30348.237 ha.
1.4.2 In addition to the reserved forests, 491.889 ha of land has been notified under section-4.
Virajpet division consists of 120 villages of Virajpet taluk and 13 villages of Madikeri taluk. Most of the forest and non-forest government lands, which are with the Forest department, have already been updated in the revenue records. Parts of Paisari and C and D lands have already been notified as reserved forests or under section 4 of Karnataka Forest Act 1963. Some of these Devarakadus, Paisari lands and C and D lands were already encroached at the time of transfer of these lands. The remaining available area of these non- forest government lands is under different stages of survey, demarcation and settlement. There is no cases of diversion of forests in the division. So far 292.685 acres of forest land rights have been given to 237 families in the division covering Thithimathi and Makut ranges under Forest Right Act.
1.5 SURVEY POSITION. 1.5.1 - All the Reserved forests in the division have been surveyed in the past. In order to check the present boundary status, survey and demarcation of all the reserved forests of the division have to be done during this working plan period. There is a necessity to survey and demarcate devarakadus and Sec – 4 notified areas of the division. The compartment boundaries of the reserved forests have to be surveyed and demarcated again on the ground during the plan period.
1.6 WORKING PLAN POSITION.
1.6.1 - Mr. Ajay Misra wrote the working of newly created Virajpet division for the period from 2001-02 to 2010-2011. After the expiry of Ajay Misra‟s plan on 31st March-2011, a working scheme was submitted for the year 2012-13 and it was approved by the Central Government. There was no sanctioned plan for the period from 2011-12 to 2013-14. During this period no logging operations were carried out in the division and only limited extent of
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore III Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division afforestation activities were taken up depending on the available fund. The present plan has been prepared for the period 2014-15 to 2023-24.
1.7 - LEGAL POSITION. Lands have been classified in the division as per the land tenure system prevalent in the erstwhile Coorg State. The reserve forests as notified under Section 19 of Indian Forest Act, 1878 fall under the absolute administrative control of Forest department. The other land tenures include Jammamalais, Coffeemalais, Devarakadus, Paisari, Uruduve, Sagu, Genimalai etc. In the past it has been observed that Genimalais have been mismanaged and badly damaged by the lessees. These leases expired in 1975. Subsequently, the leases were not renewed and the areas were resumed back.
1.8 RIGHTS - The rights and concessions in the reserved forests are those as settled during the time of notification of the areas under Section 19 of Indian Forest Act, 1878. Right of way is the common right as admitted at different places in the reserved forests. The people living in the enclosures enjoy their rights without any problem.
1.9 - COMMITMENTS.
An extent of 521.76 ha and 2.83 ha.of forest lands in Kerti and Urti reserved forest were leased to M/s Portland Rubber Co. Ltd., on 6/10/1913 for 999 years starting from 1911- 12 for Rubber cultivation by then Chief Commissioner of Coorg. Subsequently in the year 1940 the period of the lease was reduced from 999 years to 99 years vide gazette notification no. 28(1) 38 dt. 15/6/40 by the Chief Commissioner of Coorg. The state government vide order No: FEE-192/FLL-2008, Bangalore dated: 19.12.2012 ordered to restrict the lease period as 99 years in respect of the private rubber companies in Kodagu district.
2.1 - COMPOSITION AND CONDITION OF CROP.
2.1.1 - Because of marked variation in rainfall, altitude, aspect, slope and intensity of biotic interference, wide range of forests can be seen in the division. Past management practices coupled with other biotic factors have changed the status of vegetation at many places. Mostly good forests are confined to the eastern and western slopes of the Ghats.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore IV Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
The tropical evergreen forests confined to the Ghats have luxuriant vegetation forming several strata with very tall trees often with buttressed stems. In top story important species like Artocarpushirsute, Veteriaindica, Canariumstrictum, Hardwickiapinnata, Dipterocarpusindicusetc., are found. The middle story consists of Chrysophyllumroxburghii, Vitexaltissima, Hydnocarpuswightiana, Diospyrosnilagiricaetc., the under storey consists of Limoniaacidissima, Macarangapeltata, Memecylanedule, Allophylluscobbeetc., Besides the above species of Canes and Reeds are found.
The mixed deciduous forests, which are found in Thithimathi range, comprise of species that remain leafless during December to June and are seen around the fringe openings of lower slopes and in plains. Bambusa bamboos and Dendrocalamusstrictus occur as an under storey and the former is more common.
2.1.2 - Condition of the Crop. As these forests have been worked in the past, the reasons like faulty management practices, fire, grazing, erosion etc. have caused changes in different degrees at various places. In Thithimathi, in addition to the problems of fire, grazing and other biotic factors, the invasion of weeds like Lantana and Eupatorium in forests, has made it difficult for regeneration to come up.
2.1.3 - Forest types: The forests of the division are tropical moist and dry types. Following are the main types of forests found in the division: 1. Moist Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests (IA/C3) :– It is confined to the Ghats and the vegetation forms several strata with very tall trees. These forests in most of the areas appear to be climatic climax and are found mainly in the Kerti and Padinalknad reserved forests.
2. Moist Tropical Semi-evergreen Forests (I/2A): – It is an intermediate type between the Tropical evergreen and Tropical moist deciduous forest types.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore V Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
3. Moist Deciduous Forests (3B/C2): – This type of forest is seen around the fringes, opening of lower slopes and in plains, mainly in the Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests.
4. Dry Deciduous Forests (5A/C3): – These types of forests are found in the degraded portions of Devamachi and Mavkal reserved forests.
2.1.4 - Grass lands. In Mundrote and Makut ranges, these grasslands are seen on top of the ridges and these continue to exist because of annual fires. These can be classified as high rainfall grasslands, normally at an altitude above 750 m, and low rainfall grasslands, usually at an altitude below 750 m.
2.1.5 - Swamps: These are commonly called ‘Hadlus’ in the local language. These are swampy flat lands, which exist at different places in varying extents. The forests in the Padinalknad Reserved forest and Kerti Reserved forest can be broadly classified under the category of evergreen and semi evergreen type.
2.1.6 - Fauna: Variety of fauna is found in Virajpet division. Rugged terrain, dense forests, lushgreen valleys and perennial water streams flowing across the area offer ideal habitat for wide range of mammals, reptiles, fishes, amphibians, birds and insects. But increasing human population and consequent shrinkage and degradation of the habitat have had adverse impact on wildlife.
3.1 - INJURIES TO WHICH THE CROP IS LIABLE.
The most common forms of injuries to the crop in these forests are due to smuggling, fire, wild animals, insects, climbers, grazing, parasites and epiphytes.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore VI Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
UTLISATION OF THE PRODUCE.
3.1.1 - Demand for various forest produce from forest areas for local consumption is less except in and around Devamachi and Mavkal reserved forests where some tribal people live. The tribals meet their bonafide needs locally from the surrounding forests. In the private areas under plantation crops, sufficient firewood and timber is produced to meet the local needs.
Grazing is one of the essential needs of the local agriculturist population for their cattle. Stall feeding is not practiced much in the locality.
3.2 - MARKETABLE PRODUCE.
3.2.1 - Some of the marketable forest products in the division are Timber, Firewood, Bamboos, Canes and Reeds and Non-timber Forest Produce.
3.3 - MARKETS AND LINES OF EXPORT.
The major depots of the division are Thithimathi and Vatekolli. The salvaged material from dead and fallen trees or teak poles (if plantation thinnings are carried out), are brought to these depots and auction sold. The main markets are Calicut in Kerala, and Hunsur, Mysore and even Bangalore in Karnataka.
3.4 - METHODS OF EXPLOITATION.
Extraction is done by departmentally or KSFIC. Only dead and fallen trees are extracted. For extraction combination of axe and saws is used. For conversion, only saws are used. Even billets and firewood are sized by saws. All the logs are taken in the round form by cutting at either end by crosscut saws.
4.1- ACTIVITIES OF KARNATAKA FOREST DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
In Virajpet division, the services of Karnataka State Forest Industry Corporation (KSFIC) are taken in thinning of teak plantations and in logging activity in natural forest for extraction of deed and fallen trees.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore VII Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
4.1.1 - Socio - Economic Situation:- The other important requirements of the local people are bamboo, timber for house construction, small timber for agricultural implements and NTFP like honey, tree moss, cashew, Gulmavu bark, Nellikai, Dhupa seeds etc. The bamboo is used for construction of dwelling houses by the poor and also used for making baskets, furniture and other bamboo crafts. NTFPs collection is normally being done by LAMPS (Large Area Multi Purpose Society) through its members who are tribals. Virajpet is well known for timber trade specially teak. Tithimati teak is noted for its quality and durability. There are 10 sawmills in Virajpet division.
4.1.2 - JFPM Programme And Forest Resource Management:- Under F.D.A., 19 EDCs (Devarkadu Thakka MukyastharaVedike) were formed. These were formed primarily to protect and manage Devarakadus. As per the guidelines, 6 Village Forest Committees (VFCs) have been formed under KSFMBC in order to rehabilitate degraded forests having less than 0.25 density with the active involvement and participation of local community. Total 1830 hectares of forest areas having plantations are being managed under JFPM programme in Virajpet division. Under this programme, both afforestation and entry point activities have been taken up. In some VFCs, Income Generating Activities (IGA) are taken up through Self Help Groups (SHGs).
5.1 - FIVE YEAR PLANS. During Tenth & Eleventh FYPs, the division raised about 3962.00ha plantations in forest land and other public land. During the same period, 6.23 lakhs seedlings were distributed for planting on private land.
5.1.1 - Suggestion for future forestry activities: For fulfilling the objectives of the FYPs and keeping in mind the conditions of the natural forests, the following measures are suggested to be taken up during the plan period : 1. Consolidation of forest areas; 2. Strengthening of infrastructure and capacity building of man power for protection of forests; 3. Strengthening of JFPM programme; 4. Adequate protection and management of flowered bamboo areas to revive expected regeneration; 5. Improvement of wildlife habitat;
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore VIII Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
6. Strategy for reducing man-animal conflict specially in elephant movement areas; 7. Farm forestry to increase tree cover with special measures to suggest alternative crops in human-elephant conflict zone; 8. Regeneration of natural species including sandalwood, bamboo and medicinal plants; 9. Control of invasive weeds like Lantana and Eupatorium and 10. Suitable SMC works as per site specific plan in watershed concept.
6.1 - STAFF AND LABOUR SUPPLY
The optimum strength and quality of staff have direct bearing on the effective and efficient working of a forest division.
6.1.1 Staff position: Virajpet forest division is having sanctioned posts 171 out of which presently 85 posts have been filled up.
6.1.2- LabourForce & Wage rates. Though the local people including the tribals are available for certain works and in some of the seasons, to overcome labour shortage, especially in respect of skilled labour, workers are brought from adjoining areas of Kerala State or Mysore district. At present, there are 23 muster rolls daily wage workers in the division. As per the recent revised SSRs, the per day wage rates for skilled labour, semi-skilled labour and unskilled labour are Rs.289.04, Rs.269.04 and Rs.259.04respectively.
7.1 - PAST SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT
History of scientific management of the forests of Coorg province dates back to 1865 when the Forest conservancy department was organized in the province, which was a part of British India. Soon after the constitution of reserved forests, plans were prepared for their scientific and systematic management. The first working plan of the deciduous forests of Devamachi and Mavkal was prepared in 1894. During 1916 Tireman prepared the first working plan for the Ghat forests in and around Makut.
7.1.1 - Virajpet division was created in 1992 by carving out portions of old Madikeri and old Hunsur divisions. There is no working plan prepared exclusively for Virajpet division. The
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore IX Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division working plan of old Madikeri division was written by Mr. A. Akbar Shah IFS and that of old Hunsur division was written by Mr. U.T. Alva IFS. Akbar Shah‟s plan (1987-96) expired in 1996. Although Alva‟s plan was still in currency (1978-79 – 2002-03), in view of the re- organization of areas and changed circumstances its revision has been necessitated. In view of the reorganization of areas and also because of the fact that the situation prevailing prior to 1978 when Alva‟s plan was written had considerably changed, it was decided to write a plan covering the newly created Virajpet forest division and the first Working Plan of the division was written by Shri AjaiMisra for the period 2001-02 to 2010-11. AjaiMisra‟s working plan prescribed the following working circles: to achieve the objects in view and to exploit the forests without endangering their character, and also to improve their present condition. 1. Protection working circle, 2. Improvement working circle, 3. Teak plantation working circle, 4. Bamboo overlapping working circle, 5. Sandal wood overlapping working circle, 6. Minor Forest Produce working circle, and 7. Miscellaneous regulations (JFPM working circle)
7.1.2 - Review of implementation of Working Plan of Virajpet Division written by shri Ajay Misra
7.2 – Protection Working Circle : Makut and Mundrote Ranges of this Division comes under this working circle comprising of 25248.11 Ha area.
Progress of Treatment: Regeneration works like gap planting, Seed sowing, Plantings of canes and bamboos has been taken up. Total 2557.50 Ha gap plantations were taken up. No logging including removal of dead and fallen trees was carried out during the plan period. No enclosures within the Reserved Forest were surveyed and demarcated.
7.3 - Improvement working circle: This working circle consists of forest areas of Devamachi and Mavukal reserve forests and surrounding paisary lands. The total area under this working circle is 4777.59 ha.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore X Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
7.3.1 - Implementation of the prescriptions: Salvaging of dead and fallen trees was carried out during 2001-02, 2002-03 and from 2006-07 to 2009-10 depending on the availability of funds.
Improvement and regeneration operations: In the area salvaged during 2001-02, regeneration operations in the form of gap planting was carried out over 47.35 ha under DDF scheme during 2005-06. The delay was due to late release of funds. Subsequently, improvement operations have been taken up in the areas allotted to the Working Circle. Total extent of 924.85 ha plantations was done during the plan period.
7.4 - Teak Plantation Management Working Circle: This working circle consists of the forest areas in the Devamachi & Mavukal SF which are under teak plantations. The total area of this working circle is 2309.04 ha. Under this working circle 68 teak plantations covering 1611.83 Ha were scheduled for thinning during the entire plan period.
Thinning/extractions: While thinning schedules have been prescribed by the plan, no thinnings have been carried out in the division during the currency of the plan period. The reasons attributed for not carrying out of thinnings include:
Late approval received for the working plan: The plan period is 2001-2002 with the approval given on 16/10/2001. However, thinning schedule is given from 2000-01. Suspension of the Working plan by the GOI during 2002-03: The working plans of Karnataka were suspended by GOI on 11/10/2002 and revoked on 4th March, 2003, vide Letter No. F.No.9-16-20002(ROHQ) Actual number. of trees in few the plantations were less than the no of stems to be retained after thinning. Damage due to elephant movement is also common in the area. Consequently, only elephant damaged trees were removed.
7.5 - Bamboo Overlapping Working Circle: This over lapping working circle consists of forest areas of the Devamachi & Mavukal forests. The total area under this category in these forests is 4777.59 ha.
Progress of implementation: During the plan period so far, bamboo areas have not been worked at all, except removals of bamboo for meeting the demand for retail supply to medars, as ordered by the Conservator of Forests.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XI Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
7.6 - Sandalwood overlapping working circle: This working circle consists of the entire geographical area of the division. The total area under this working circle is 1410.48 sq km.
Implementation of prescriptions:
7.6.1 - Extraction: No specific extraction operations have been carried out in case of sandal wood. However, extraction of illicitly cut stumps etc along with Forest Offence cases has been done. Total 377.30 Kg sandalwood from 10 FOC cases were transported and handed over to the Sandal Kote, Mysore
7.7 - Minor forest produce overlapping working circle: This working circle consists of all the forests and non-forest government lands coming under territorial jurisdiction of Virajpet forest division. The total area under this working circle is 80815.95 ha. During the plan period the LAMPS received 224.08 lakhs revenue from the collection of NTFP from the division.
MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS
7.8 JFPM activities : Under Forest Development Agency, 19 EDC‟s are formed in this Division. An extent of 398.68 Ha plantations have been raised in JFPM area. Substantial Entry Point Activities were also done in the VFC villages.
A brief account of work done from 2011-12 to 2013-14 after the expiry of the Working Plan on 31.03.2011 is given in tabular form below. During this period no salvaging works were carried out.
Elephant barrier Plantations Seedlings EPT (in Kms) Solar Fence (in Kms) Year raised distributed New Excavation Maintenance Maintenance (in ha) (in lakhs) installation 2011-12 1.2 13.45 7.5 3.924 194 0.503 2012-13 1.5 22.76 - 34.24 263 1.989 2013-14 2.16 29 3.55 8 816 2.57
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XII Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
8.1 INVENTORY RESULT OF NATURAL FOREST To assess the growing stock and condition of forests, inventory with the sampling intensity of 0.01 % and 0.1% was designed for natural forests grouped under protection working circle and improvement working circle respectively. The distribution of important trees in various diameter classes and corresponding figures of per ha. number of trees, basal area and volume for different forests have been calculated. The obverse J curve drawn from this data does not show the normal distribution of trees in the various diameter classes. Most of the trees found are in the lower diameter classes are of thorny jungle species. The present regeneration status of the forest clearly shows that the regeneration in most of the areas for important species is inadequate. This shows that there is an immediate need to take up necessary improvement measures to bring back the regeneration status to normalcy. As per the inventory results, the density classes found were 0.4 to 0.6 and 0.68 to 0.8 in Maukal and Devamachi Reserved Forests respectively and 0.8 to 1.0in Kerti and Padinalkadnad Reserved Forests. However, natural regeneration is scanty to nil and rarely adequate.
8.1.1 Inventory results in Devarakadus (Protected Forests) : Growing stock inventory was also done in Devarakadus also situated in 42 villages in 48 locations with total extent of 575.54 ha (37% area) covering Virajpet, Ponnampet and Thithimathi ranges. The distribution of important trees in various diameter classes and corresponding figures of per ha number of trees, basal area and volume for different forests have been calculated. The main reason for low basal area in all the forests is due to heavy biotic pressure in these forests. Density varies from 0.26-0.40 to 0.6-0.8. Natural regeneration is inadequate.
8.1.2 - Inventory results of bamboo:- During the inventory assessment was also made about the availability of Bamboo in the division. Most of the bamboos found in the division are in Maukal RF and in Devamachi RF. The dominant species is Bambusa bamboos. Availability of small bamboo in the division is limited. Assessment of bamboo was done in respect of various categories like green, green damaged, dry and dry damaged bamboos. The quantity of big bamboo equivalent to green sound bamboo per hectare available in Maukal RF was approximately 2565 (tonnes) In case of DevamachiRF, the approximate quantities of big bamboo equivalent to green sound
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XIII Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division bamboo in tonnes were found to be about 9550 (tonnes). Due to recent gregarious flowering in all the bamboo areas, the availability of green bamboo is rare and even the extraction of dry bamboo is found to be not economical.
8.1.3 - Inventory results of teak plantations In case of Teak plantations inventory was done and parameters like basal area, mean height, volume/ha, number of trees/ha and mean annual increment in volume were assessed.
FUTURE MANAGEMENT DISCUSSED AND PRESCRIBED.
9.1 - Objects of Management. The present plan has been prepared with the following main objectives of forest management. 1. To maintain environmental stability and ecological balance and to enhance ecosystem services by protecting, preserving and enriching the existing natural forests; 2. To ensure maximum protection of soil and moisture to maintain the forest cover in good condition; 3. To maintain and improve the plantations to ensure long term sustainability of forest production; 4. To rehabilitate and increase the economic value and utility of the degraded forests; 5. Consistent with the above objectives, to ensure sustainable use of forests to meet the needs of the people, especially the rural and tribal people, living in the vicinity of forests; 6. To ensure people‟s participation and involvement in all round protection and development of forests; 7. To manage the forest land through watershed approach for enhancing ground water recharge and for improvement and regulation of hydrological regime; 8. To improve wildlife habitat and to reduce man-animal conflict and 9. To increase green cover in the division so as to mitigate the problems of global warming and climate change by progressively increasing the growing stock and carbon sequestration potential.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XIV Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
9.2 - Constitution of Working Circles. In order to prescribe appropriate treatment to different forest areas of the division in conformity with silvicultural principles and the management objectives, seven working circles are formed:
1. PROTECTION WORKING CIRCLE: This working circle consists of evergreen and semi evergreen areas falling in the Makut and Mundrote ranges. The total area under this working circle is 26291.342 ha.
PROPOSED TREATMENT. 1. No logging including removal of dead and fallen trees will be carried out in the forest areas under this working circle. 2. No regeneration activities & SMC works will be carried out. 3. No tending, climber-cutting operations will be carried out. 4. No NTFP will be collected from the forest of this working circle with the exception of provisions under Forest Right Act. 5. Strict fire prevention measures will be taken so as to avoid burning of forests. 6. Other protection measures like anti-smuggling camp/ anti-poaching camps, wireless network etc. in the area is to be strengthened to ensure effective control over smuggling/poaching activities. 7. The Reserved Forests boundaries will be fully demarcated on the ground with permanent cairns or concrete pillars to prevent encroachment.
2. IMPROVEMENT WORKING CIRCLE: This working circle consists of moist and dry deciduous forests of Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests of Thithimathi range excluding the teak plantations. It also includes small portion of paisari lands, which are adjoining to these forests. The total area under this working circle is 4864.792 ha. Analysis of the inventory data pertaining to these forests has indicated poor growing stock, lower basal area and unsatisfactory regeneration status.
9.3 – Division of area and cycle salvage logging For the purpose of salvage logging, Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests of Thithimathi range have been included in the proposed Thithimathi felling series. This improvement series is divided into ten blocks as marked in the 1: 50,000 topo sheet map.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XV Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Each of these blocks is taken as annual coupe. Rotation cycle in the improvement series is ten years.
9.4 – Improvement Operation
The block area (excluding Teak plantation), that is taken as a coupe, after the removal of dead and fallen material, will be taken up for improvement operations.
As the forest is more degraded, the improvement operations will also include raising of plantations wherever required. On an average 100 ha gap planting under Supplemental planting model will be done every year in the improvement block. About ten SMC trenches of size 5m x 1m x 1m should be dug per ha. Under this model, gap planting upto 400 plants/ha including about 50 plants with local suitable species on mounds of SMC trenches will be planted. Selection of species should be done to suit the local requirement. More emphasis also should be given for planting rare, endangered and threatened species (RET species) depending upon the locality. Rigid protection of the treatment area from fire is a must. All the re-clearing and fire tracing work should be completed by the end of December.
9.5 – Calculation of Yield. The dead and fallen material will be identified only on the basis of its actual availability and it will be classified as timber or firewood as per the existing norms and it will be salvaged strictly as per the rules for marking and salvaging given in this circle. The yield has not been fixed as such but only will be incidental to the improvement operations. Approximately 6612 cum timber may be available due to salvaging operations. The estimated revenue will be approximately Rs. 1193 lakhs while estimated cost of extraction and regeneration works will be about Rs.1055.65 lakhs during the plan period.
10.1 - Teak plantation management working circle: This working circle consists of older teak plantations area in the Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests. Total extent of this working circle is 2309.04 ha. These forests fall under the category of teak forests (C1B) and site quality is mostly III and IV. In order to fix the exploitable girth limit for other species M.R.S Pearson‟s record for Kalinadhi high forests has been taken as the guide. In general it is observed that the growth rate reduces with the age of the crop.
If we take into account the concept of silvicultural rotation for the scientific management of forests, the rotation of 120 years appears to be correct. This rotation is also
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XVI Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division nearer to the silvicultural rotation of teak in natural forests. Hence it is proposed to fix the rotation of Teak at 120 years.
10.2 -Thinning.
In the past, thinnings were prescribed in the teak plantations by taking into account the average site quality class of the area. The following thinning resime as recommended in earlier plans has been recommended in this plan also. 1. First mechanical cum silvicultural thinning at the 6th year by retaining about 1300 – 1400 trees by marking the stems silviculturally in the alternative diagonals. 2. Second mechanical cum silvicultural thinning at the12th year by retaining about 700 – 800 trees by marking the stems silviculturally in the alternate lines. 3. First silviculture thinning at the 18th year (leaving about 500 to 600 trees/ha). 4. Second silviculture thinning at the 30th year (leaving about 400 trees/ha). 5. Third silvicultural thinning at the 50th year (leaving about 250 to 300 trees/ha). 6. An elite thinning at the age of 80th year (leaving about 150 trees/ha) 7. Elephant damaged teak trees will be extracted every year. Importance is given to retain a definite number of stems after the thinnings. While marking, care should be taken so that the prescribed number of sound and well growing stems that are to be retained are distributed evenly over the plantation area.
During the entire plan period thinning of 18 Teak plantations (399.52 ha.) has been prescribed. The estimated revenue and estimated expenditure will be Rs. 172.23 Lakhs and Rs. 72.68 Lakhs respectively.
To avoid any confusion over the plantation boundary and its extent it is necessary to affix/erect boards at the prominent places around these plantations. This work has to be completed during the year 2016-17.
3. BAMBOO OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE: This working circle consists of moist and dry deciduous areas of Thithimathi range. It also includes a small portion of Paisari lands that are surrounding to these forests and have similar vegetation. The total area of this working circle is 4864.792 ha. The main species is Bambusa bamboos and is mostly found as an associate species in the moist deciduous forests of the region. Dendrocalamusstrictusis also found as undergrowth here and there.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XVII Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
The main objective of management of the working circle is establishment of good natural regeneration of bamboo and consolidation of the bamboo forests of the division. This will lead to habitat improvement for wildlife mainly wild elephants and also will ensure sustained supply of bamboo to various users like local artisans and medars consistent with the principles of sustained use of forests. The strategy to achieve the above objectives is by strict protection of the area for 10 years till the new crop attains harvestable stage.
10.3 – Method of Treatment In view of the peculiar situation of gregarious flowering of big bamboos that has taken place in the forests of the division, the prescriptions given for the management of a normal bamboo growing forest will not apply till a new crop regenerates, establishes. Even after establishment of regeneration, the bamboo forests will need to be protected from fire and grazing on a continuous basis. If adequate protection is provided to the bamboo growing areas of the division, it is expected that regular harvest of bamboo can start from 2025-2026.
10.4 - Regeneration
Since gregarious flowering has taken place recently in all the bamboo areas the following activities have been prescribed for regeneration during the plan period. 1) The area will be strictly protected from fire and grazing by engaging adequate numbers of watchers and by involving local community. 2) In areas where natural bamboo regeneration is insufficient, limited extent of planting (20 ha. to 25 ha.) may be done preferably mixing with other potential bamboo species like Burma bamboo, Bamboosa tulda etc. This will aid in species diversity in the forest. 3) Soil working around the clumps in about 100 ha. per year will be done covering at least 50 clumps per ha. This activity is suggested to be done from the year 2018-19 on onwards.
Approximate yield of green sound culm over two seasons is estimated to be 1696 tonnes and approximate yield of dry bamboo is estimated to be 5928 tonnes. The estimated cost for regeneration and for protection is 224.19 lakhs during the plan period.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XVIII Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
4. WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE
The total area of the working circle is 33465.184 ha comprising of Reserved Forests and government land transferred to forest department.
In view of the proximity with the wildlife protected areas, it is necessary to ensure that all forestry operations are carried out in these forest areas in such a manner as to contribute to the improvement of the natural habitat conducive to wildlife preservation. The invasive weeds like Lantana, Eupatorium etc which do not form part of elephant food should be eradicated. Indigenous species that are preferred by the elephants should be planted. Steps should be taken to augment and conserve the water resource. De-silting and deepening of tanks should be undertaken.
The measures like permanent elephant anti depredation camps, regular maintenance of elephant proof trenches/solar fence in the vulnerable areas are necessary to reduce man- animal conflict. Prompt and timely payment of ex-gratia will help in earning goodwill amongst the local people who in turn would participate in conservation and preservation of wildlife.
Master plan for mitigating human elephant conflict has to be prepared in the division to cover the entire wildlife conflict boundary with suitable barriers and special structures. The digging of EPT may be continued till the entire stretch human elephant conflict zone is covered. This EPT has to be maintained periodically at least every 3rd year to make it effective.
5. NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCE OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE: This working circle consists of all the reserved forests. The total area under this working circle 6466.429 ha.
Though several NTFP are available in these forests all of them cannot be permitted for exploitation. The species which are either ecologically endangered or have endemic distribution also need to be protected from any exploitation. The important NTFP available in the division are honey, seegekai, tree moss, nellikai etc.
With the coming of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 and the distribution of “Community rights” generally covering the right to collect NTFP in forest areas. It is important that items of
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XIX Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
NTFP that are being collected are listed and appropriate prescriptions are made in this regard for sustainability of the forest. As such regulatory prescriptions have been made in the removal of certain important NTFP species. To avoid overexploitation and to use, NTFP has to be removed in such a manner at such rate that does not lead to the long time decline of biological diversity.
There will be no NTFP collection in the areas under protection working circle with the exception of provisions under FRA.
10.5 Method of Sale Tribals living in and around the forests will be allowed to collect, store and sale of NTFP under individual and community rights as provisions made in the Scheduled Tribes and other forest dwellers (recognition of forest rights) Act, 2006 and rules 2008 and 2012. As per the prevailing Government order, collection and disposal of NTFPs is also to be through the Large Area Multipurpose Society (LAMPS), Thithimathi. There is need for the Society to improve the storage and transport facility and to diversify its activities by taking processing and value addition of various raw materials. The LAMP Society has to comply all the conditions cited in the prevailing government order.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XX Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS 11.1 - Forest lands consolidation and Management
11.2 - Suggested Management Approach Following strategies are suggested for effective consolidation and management of these forest lands. Survey and demarcation immediately on a war footing. This should be done on the basis of revenue land record system; Survey and maintenance of every 10 years is suggested. Permanent cairns or concrete pillars should be fixed along the boundaries of forest. Immediate action to get the tenure status appropriately depicted in the revenue records. It is necessary to integrate the forest tenurial status in Bhoomi database. The Revenue Department should be moved to issue separate „Khatas‟ in case of forest lands. Such a move will enable locking the tenure status of forest lands in the „Bhoomi‟ Master databases, preventing any malpractice of granting of forest lands by the Revenue Department. In several forests, some survey numbers are partly included in the forest area. In such areas „phodi‟ of the forest lands should be done to clearly reflect the boundaries of the forest land on the revenue maps. Since this work of survey of Government lands has been taken up by the Commissioner, Survey Settlement and Land Records, opportunity should be taken to discuss with Commissioner, to get the „phodi‟ of the forest land survey numbers done immediately. Maps clearly showing the boundary of the forest lands on the revenue map should be provided to the frontline staff to enable understanding of the boundaries. Considering the „real estate‟ value of these lands and consequent possibilities of encroachment, it is important to provide physical barriers (such as walls etc) to demarcate the forest boundaries at least in respect of forests located in the peri-urban areas in other areas also erection of permanent boundary pillars should be fixed. It is necessary to consolidate devarakadus by digging CPT. Lack of appropriate signage is a distinct feature along the boundaries of most of the forest areas. The provisions of the Forest Manual and Forest Code in this regard have been given complete go by, swept away by the juggernaut of implementation of externally aided forestry projects. Provision of appropriate signage at every entrance to the forest is the first step towards providing awareness and consequently deterrence
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XXI Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
of intrusion into forest lands. The sign boards should show the details of notification, extent, rough boundary sketch and other important features. Proper maintenance of records in respect of notified forest lands needs priority. The existing mechanisms of office inspection by the superior officers, which are expected to provide appropriate checks and balances should be emphasized to keep the records updated. While most of the above suggestions hold true in case of Section 4 notified areas too, certain specific suggestions are considered in order: o Need for resurvey of some of the areas, as the maps drawn up during the initial survey and preparation of draft notification, do not correspond to the village maps and do not help in correctly locating the boundaries of the lands. The quality of the draft boundary notifications in terms of their ability to be translated into closing polygons on village maps is poor in most of the cases. This is essentially due to lack of proper referencing of boundary description vis-à-vis permanent land marks such as geographical features, village survey numbers. Etc. There is need for a serious relook on this.
o Need for recorrection or reissue of the draft notification correcting anomalies in some of the areas, regarding the village survey numbers and/or extents of the area notified.
o Hastening the process of settlement through constant interaction with the Revenue Officials. Unless this is monitored on a continuous basis by all the implementing and supervising officers, progress in settlement is likely to be nil.
Section 4 proposed areas: There is also a category of lands which have been proposed for notification under section 4. In respect of such lands, the following approach is suggested: o Resurvey of the areas and preparation of fresh maps on revenue village basis indicating the actual status; o Notification of the same; o Pursuance of the settlement process; o Physical consolidation of the boundary and;
Other lands under the custody of Forest Department o Preparation of inventory o Physical verification of the inventory and the present status, including tenurial status o Consolidation in terms of tenure status and on the ground
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XXII Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Maintenance of records o Maintenance of RF registers o Maintenance of registers of plantations and o Creation and maintenance of register of lands under the control of the Forest Department
After the survey and demarcation of the forest, the encroachments have to be removed immediately and the areas should be consolidated with digging CPT, EPT, barbed wire fencing etc., depending upon the situation.
11.3 – Sandalwood Management The main objective of management will be i) to encourage sandal regeneration in the forest areas and ii) to encourage the farmers and other private individuals and organizations.
11.3.1 - Prescriptions: 1. Gap planting of sandalwood seedlings along with other miscellaneous species should be done in the improvement blocks every year. 2. Sandalwood seedlings should be raised for public distribution every year. 3. Only dead and fallen trees and illicitly cut stumps will be allowed to extract from the forest and other government lands which are under the custody of forest department every year. 4. A block of 50 ha in compartment No: 18 in Devamachi forest of Thithimathi Range will be developed as sandal estate.
11.4 Joint forest planning and management: This consists of 1830 ha plantation areas raised in forest areas coming under VFCs and 1601.63 ha protected forests like Devarakadu, Ambala and Mandu. The total area under this working circle is 3923.52 ha. Devarakadus have to be demarcated properly as per the order under which they have been constituted in the past and encroachments if any have to be evicted. Survey and demarcation and consolidation of these sacred groves preferably through digging CPT should be completed during the plan period. The Village Forest Committees in a more scientific and systematic way may manage these areas as per the existing Government Orders so that the unique bio-diversity of these areas may be preserved.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XXIII Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
11.5 - Fire Protection. Appropriate fire management plan should be prepared well in advance of dry season in the division. Fire vulnerability maps should be prepared in division level. Re-clearing and fire tracing works along the demarcation lines and other fire lines should be completed by the end of December. Fire sensitive areas should be identified and marked on the range and division maps. Watch towers should be constructed at vantage points and fire patrol parties should be stationed there to take prompt action in the event of occurrence of fire in the area. Special care should be taken for protecting the regeneration areas from fire.
11.6 - Farm Forestry The farm forestry program should be expeditiously implemented under various schemes like a NREGS, „Krishi Protsaha Yojana‟ etc.
12.1 - Summary of financial forecast Summary of budgeting for estimated expenditure and expected revenue during the plan period (2014-15 to 2023-24) under different working circle is given in table below. The estimated total expenditure for the entire plan period is calculated as Rs. 10808.436 Lakhs and expected revenue is calculated as Rs.1525.257 lakhs.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XXIV Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Working Plan of Virajpet Forest Division PART - I CHAPTER 1.
SUMMARY OF FACTS ON WHICH PROPOSALS ARE BASED.
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRACT DEALT WITH. 1.1 NAME AND SITUATION.
1.1.1 Name - This working plan deals with the areas falling under the territorial jurisdiction of Virajpet forest division consisting of Virajpet, Thithimathi, Ponnampet, Makut and Mundrote ranges. Entire area of the division falls in the Kodagu district. The tract dealt with is locally called ‗Malenadu‘ and 'Kanivenadu' that mean hill forests and valley forests respectively. Besides the reserved forest areas, the plan also deals with the areas falling under the categories of Paisari, Devarakadus, Jammamalais, Uruduves, C and D lands etc. Details of forest and other areas are given in Annexures I (a) to I(f).
1.1.2 Area - Virajpet forest division was formed shifting the post of existing wildlife division, Mysore during 1992 vide Government order No.AHFF/83/FNG/92/ Bangalore dated 8/5/92 by carving out certain areas from the old Madikeri division and old Hunsur division as they existed before 1992. This reorganization was necessitated in view of the policy of bifurcating the areas predominant in wildlife from the areas of territorial divisions so that greater emphasis may be accorded to wildlife management in such areas. Forest areas of Thithimathi range, especially Mavukal and Devamachi reserved forests have come from old Hunsur division and areas of other ranges have come from old Madikeri division. The wildlife predominant areas of old Madikeri division have been notified separately as Pushpagiri wildlife sanctuary, Brahmagiri wildlife sanctuary and Talacauvery wildlife sanctuary. The details regarding geographical area of the division and its ranges are given in Annexure II. It is bounded on the north by Madikeri forest division and Talacauvery wildlife sanctuary, on the south by Kerala State, on the east by Hunsur wildlife division and on the west by Kerala State and Madikeri forest division. As per the Government order of reorganisation of the divisions as referred to above, the southern boundary of the compartment number 16 is the boundary between Virajpet division and Hunsur wildlife division. Which is later named as Nagarhole Tiger Reserve.Therefore the part of the Arkeri reserved forest which is in compartment number 16 should fall in Virajpet division. But as
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 1 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division per the notification of Nagarahole National Park vide G.O No.FFD 195 FWL 82, Bangalore dated 16-3-1983, the western boundary of the park runs from Kaimara along the D line of Karnataka and Kerala States and along the western boundary of Nalkeri, Hatghat and Arkeri reserved forests till it touches the starting point of Thithimathi – Anechowkur road. According to the above notification of the National Park, the Thithimathi – Anechowkur road is the boundary between Virajpet division and Nagarhole Tiger Reserve. For administrative convenience the same may be continued. The total length of the forest boundary is 350 kms of which 72 kms constitute inter-State boundary between Karnataka and Kerala along the southern and western sides of Virajpet division.The total geographical area of the division is 1410.48 sq. kms. Out of this, the notified forests is about 23%. 1.1.3Situation -The boundary of the division lies between latitudes 11o 55' to 12o 20' north and between longitudes 75o 25' to 76o 05' east of Greenwich.
1.2 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND CONFIGURATION OF THE GROUND.
1.2.1 Topography and altitude - The tract has mountainous configuration with rivers, valleys, ravines, spurs etc. The tract becomes undulating and plains towards the east, while towards the west, it attains great heights with precipitous slopes. In northwest and southwest directions it is intersected by a chain of hills, which further project out into innumerable ridges on either sides, losing their heights gradually as they recede further but have almost every where sharp peaks. The general elevation of the tract varies from 100 m to 1745 m. The highest peak of Kodagu district, Tadiandmol, with an elevation of 1745 m. is situated in this tract. The area is drained primarily towards the east by a number of streams forming tributaries of important rivers like Cauvery and Lakshmanthirtha.
1.3 GEOLOGY-ROCK AND SOIL.
1.3.1 Rock & Soil - The underlying rock is the peninsular gneiss in the various stages of disintegration. The rock formations belong to most ancient Archaean system. The peninsular gneiss consists of granite gneiss and banded gneiss. At many places granites are exposed as massive and rounded boulders or can be seen as outcrop. As far as economic/commercial status or availability of mineral deposits in the region is concerned, it is poor.There is wide variability of soil in depth and composition in different parts of the division. In the eastern part, especially in the Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests, where the rainfall is relatively less and ground is gently undulating, leaching out effect is not there, and soils are
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 2 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division clayey loam and deep. But in the western and southwest parts where rainfall is high, soil is laterite, lateritic bright red or yellow in colour. In some patches, they are loamy but having a sandy top layer. Areas covered with thick vegetation and multistoried forests have deep and fertile soil. In areas receiving heavy rainfall, there exists a delicate balance between the vegetation cover and quality of soil. In the absence of thick vegetal cover, soils are either washed away exposing the underlying rock or have become laterite. The availability of humus is better in the western and southwestern parts of the division where multistoried thick vegetal cover exists. But in the eastern part, humus cover on the floor of the forest is very depleted because of repeated ground fires. Moreover, a good proportion of leaf litter which crumbles into powder during the dry season gets washed away in the rains.
1.4 CLIMATIC PARAMETERS
1.4.1 Climate - The climate of the region may be broadly termed as tropical except at the higher reaches of the hills where it is montane sub-tropical. Heavy to very heavy rainfall, high humidity and cold nights characterize it. It may be divided into four seasons. The period of June to September is the monsoon period; October and November constitute a post monsoon period; the period between December to February is characterized by clear bright weather with cold nights followed by summer season between March and May.
1.4.2 Rainfall - There is wide variation of rainfall in the western and eastern parts. It decreases from west to east. In the western part, Makut and Mundrote receive rainfall of about 5290 mm while in the eastern part, Thithimathi receives about 1000 mm rainfall. Eighty percent of the rainfall is received during the period of southwest monsoon. However in the post monsoon period of October-November, it also gets rainfall by northeast monsoon or due to depression/cyclones formed in the Arabian Sea which moves towards east and crosses over this region. Some showers are common during April-May, which are locally called blossom showers. Average rainfall data of a few typical locations is given in Annexure III (a). Average rainfall from 11 years data analysis is found to be 2273 mm in the division.
1.4.3 Temperature - Temperature also varies considerably from top of the hills to the foothills. During the cold season, the temperature drops up to 10.3oC at the upper portion of hill. During the summer season, the temperature at the foothills and especially in the eastern part rises up to 35.0oC. But the mean maximum and mean minimum temperature is 28.6oC
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 3 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division and 12.0oC respectively. Maximum and minimum temperatures of last eleven years are given in Annexure III (b).
1.4.4 Humidity- In general air remains quite humid all through the year, particularly in rainy season. Fog is also quite common in the region except during the period from March to May. Mean relative humidity of last 11 years is given in Annexure III (c).Sky is heavily cloudy or overcast in the monsoon. During the rest of year, the sky is lightly to moderately cloudy.
1.4.5 Winds - The winds are generally light to moderate and sometimes become severe during the southwest monsoon. Winds mainly blow between the southwest and northwest directions during the southwest monsoon season. In the post monsoon season, winds are mainly northeasterly or easterly. But on some days, northwesterly winds blow in the afternoons. During the rest of the years, winds are from the directions between north and east in the mornings and between southwest and northwest in the afternoons.
During the post monsoon months of October and November, some of the storms and cyclones, which originate in the Bay of Bengal, cross the East Coast and move westwards emerging later in the Arabian Sea. These affect the division and its neighborhood causing wide spread heavy rains and high winds. Thunder storms occur on about six or seven days during April, May and October and on about two to three days in March and November.
Graph depicting average rainfall in Virajpet Division 1400 2001 1200 2002 1000 2003 2004 800 2005 600 2006 2007 400
2008 Average Rainfall Rainfall Average mm in 200 2009 2010 0 2011 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
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Graph showing the relative humidity in Kodagu district 100.0 90.0 2001 80.0 2002
70.0 2003 60.0 2004 50.0 2005 2006 40.0 2007
30.0 2008
20.0 2009 Relative Relative humidityinpercentage 2010 10.0 2011 0.0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Graph showing the average temperature in Kodagu district
30.0 2001 25.0 2002 2003 20.0 2004 15.0 2005 10.0 2006 2007 5.0 2008
Temperature in degree in Temperaturecelcius 0.0 2009 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2010
1.5 WATER SUPPLY.
Major portion of the division drains eastwards into the Cauvery and Laxmanthirtha rivers, which ultimately join the Bay of Bengal. As the area is situated in the Western Ghats that receive heavy to very heavy rainfall, there are several rivulets and streams of seasonal or perennial nature transecting the area and later joining the tributaries of the main rivers. Barapole is the only important river that flows towards the west and joins the Arabian Sea. The following rivers drain the evergreen tract of the division: 1. Matre hole, 2. Kerti hole,
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3. Udumbe hole, 4. Pulike hole, 5. Padaimalai hole and 6. Nadumalai hole.
The following rivers drain the eastern plains and deciduous tracts of this division: 1. Cauvery river and its tributaries, 2. Laxmanthirtha river and its tributaries.
Most of these rivers originate in the high mountains covered with lush green vegetation and have water for major part of the year. But as they flow through highly rugged terrain, they are not suitable for navigation or for assured irrigation round the year. In Virajpet taluk, there are a few natural reservoirs, which contain water throughout the year. These are locally called kolly. Presence of several streams, rivers, kollies and tanks in the region besides the open wells and bore wells mitigates the water problem in the summer season.
1.6 DISTRIBUTION AND AREA.
1.6.1 - In the old Coorg district, various areas had been reserved from time to time in the past under the provisions of Indian Forest Act, 1878 as per the orders of the Chief Commissioner of Coorg. The areas, which had economically important timber species, were the first to be brought under the category of reserved forests and most of the time forest management was limited to these areas only. The reserved forests were under the absolute control of Forest department for all purposes. Only in case of Sandalwood, working plans were prepared for the Paisari lands also as the occurrence and growth of sandalwood was found to be appreciable in these lands. The areas outside the reserved forests were burdened with numerous rights and concessions for the local people for their day-to-day needs. This unrestricted access had made the areas badly degraded. Therefore Government by its order No. RD.32.LAD.62 dated 1/7/64 and by its order No. RD.54.LGP.78 dated 8/5/78 had transferred Paisari and C and D class lands respectively to the Forest department from the Revenue department for their management. Besides, certain other categories of Government lands like Devarakadu also have been transferred to Forest department. The total area of reserved forests in the division is 30348.234 ha. The details of their notification and extent are given in the table below:
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 6 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Table – 1: Chief commissioner of Sl Names Coorg provience notification Extent in ha Remarks no. No. and date 1 Padinalknad RF No. 30 dt 23.4.1906 16776.53 Part of the area is in Madikeri division and Talacauvery wildlife sanctuary. 2 Kerti RF No. 58 dt 24.6.1908 6480.102 --- 3 Mavukal RF No. 55 dt 2.11.1891 3351.537 --- 4 Devamachi RF No. 65 dt 2.11.1891 3740.068 --- Total 30348.237 ha
As per the village and survey number details of the reserved forests, the total extent of reserved forests is found to be 30348.237 ha insetad of 29217.10 ha shown in the previous sanctioned working plan.
1.6.2 - In addition to the reserved forests, 491.889 ha of land has been notified under section- 4 and the details are given in Annexure I(f).
In Padinalknad reserved forest only 20 compartments i.e., compartment Nos. 36 to 52 and 55,56,62 fall in Virajpet division. The extent of Devarakadu (including Ambala and Mandu)lands transferred to Virajpet division is 1601.637 ha. The extent of Devarakadu including Ambala and Mandu lands transfered to Virajpet division is 1173.57 ha.
As regards Paisari lands, the Revenue department has so far transferred 3116.94 ha. andthe remaining extent is still with the Revenue department. Virajpet division consists of 120 villages of Virajpet taluk and 13 villages of Madikeri taluk. The forest areas of five villages falling in the Madikeri taluk also come in the Virajpet division but these villages are in the Madikeri taluk. Village wise details of Reserve Forests, Protected Forests, Jamamalai, Paisari etc are given in Annexure I(a).
Most of the forest and non-forest government lands, which are with the Forest department, have already been updated in the revenue records. Parts of Paisari and C and D lands have already been notified as reserved forests or under section 4 of Karnataka Forest Act 1963. Some of these Devarakadus, Paisari lands and C and D lands were already encroached at the time of transfer of these lands. The remaining available area of these non- forest government lands is under different stages of survey, demarcation and settlement. As
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 7 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division per the judgment of Supreme Court in the case of T.N.Godaverman Thirumalkpad V/s Union of India and others, the Honourable Court has held that word ‗Forest‘ has to be understood in the dictionary sense irrespective of its ownership and classification thereof. Therefore all these wooded lands fall under the category of forests and all such forestlands come under the purview of Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. As per therecent Government Order No: FEE 185 FAF 2011, Bangalore, dated: 15.05.2014the deemed forest lands are under review and the district level committee has to finalize the same for submitting to the government. Even the tree growth in other types of private lands has to be managed as per the provisions of Karnataka Preservation of Trees Act, 1976 and Karnataka Forest Act, 1963 and Rules, 1969. There is no cases of diversion of forests in the division.
1.7 SURVEY POSITION.
1.7.1 - All the Reserved forests in the division have been surveyed in the past. In order to check the present boundary status, survey and demarcation of all the reserved forests of the division have to be done during this working plan period. There is a necessity to survey and demarcate devarakadus and Sec – 4 notified areas of the division. The compartment boundaries of the reserved forests have to be surveyed and demarcated again on the ground during the plan period.The Padinalknad (Part) and Kerti reserved forests have come from the old Madikeri division. As per the available records of Madikeri division, the notified forest areas and recorded areas are almost the same. In case of Mavukal and Devamachi reserved forests also, the notified forest area tally with recorded area.
1.8 WORKING PLAN POSITION.
1.8.1 - Virajpet division was created in 1992 by carving out portions of old Madikeri and old Hunsur divisions. There is no working plan prepared exclusively for Virajpet division. The working plan of old Madikeri division was written by Mr. A. Akbar Shah IFS and that of old Hunsur division was written by Mr. U.T. Alva IFS. Akbar Shah‘s plan (1987-96) expired in 1996. Although Alva‘s plan was still in currency (1978-79 – 2002-03), in view of the re- organization of areas and changed circumstances its revision was required. Hence Mr. Ajay Misra wrote the working of newly created Virajpet division for the period from 2001-02 to 2010-2011. After theexpiry of Ajay Misra‘s plan on 31st March-2011, a working scheme was submitted for the year 2012-13 and it was approved by the Central Government (Annexure IV). There was no sanctioned plan for the period 2011-12 to 2013-14. During this period no
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 8 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division logging operations were carried out in the division and only limited extent of afforestation activities were taken up depending on the available fund. A brief account of different important activities carried out during this period has been given in chapter VII i.e. past system of management. The present plan has been prepared for the period 2014-15 to 2023-24.
1.9 STATE OF BOUNDARIES.
1.9.1 - The boundaries of all the four reserved forests falling in the division are maintained. The details of the boundaries are given in the table below –
Table – 2: Details of boundary length of reserved forest Length of the Length of the Total boundary Length of common Sl Name of the reserved length of between the inter boundary no forest the revenue lands State between two boundary and forest boundary forests lands Devamachi and Mavkal 1 68.00 kms --- 42.00 kms --- reserved forests 16.00 kms (between Kerti 2 Kerti reserved forest 54.00 kms 19.00 kms 10.00 kms and Kerti reserved forests) Padinalknad reserved forest (only 20 9.00 kms (Kerti compartments i.e. 3 128.00 kms and Padinalknad 26.00 kms 62.00 kms compartments 36 to 52 reserved forests) and 55,56 and 62 come under Virajpet division.
The existing compartment boundaries and their numbers in the division are the same as those formed and maintained in the old Madikeri and old Hunsur divisions. There is immediate need to renumber these continuously in serial order to avoid confusion. Further the boundaries of compartments may also be reviewed to make changes if necessary in view of the reorganization of forest areas and present requirements. It is also needed to internally demarcate the boundary between the Virajpet and Madikeri divisions in the Padinalknad reserved forest.
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1.10 - LEGAL POSITION.
Lands have been classified in the division as per the land tenure system prevalent in the erstwhile Coorg State. The reserve forests as notified under Section 19 of Indian Forest Act, 1878 fall under the absolute administrative control of Forest department. The extent of total reserved forests in the Division is 30348.234 ha. The other land tenures include Jammamalais, Coffeemalais, Devarakadus, Paisari, Uruduve, Bane, Sagu, Genimalai etc. Jammamalais are portions of the reserved forest on the Western Ghats in which the hereditary rights of growing cardamom on the indigenous system is admitted, as stated in paragraph 97 of the Revenue Settlement of Coorg, 1910 written by Mr. Gustav Haller, Settlement Officer, Coorg. The occupant is permitted to cultivate cardamom and for that purpose, he can create openings in the vegetation strata and can use the firewood/timber etc., locally. They can‘t move any timber to any place outside the area nor dispose off the same. Method of cultivation is also prescribed; that is plot method and they can‘t deviate from this method.The assessment is subject to revision. His rights are hereditary but he does not have any proprietary rights either over the soil or timber. The extent of Jammamalais in the division is 3175.86 ha vide Annexure I(d).To avoid destruction of the vegetation and large scale conversion of the same into commercial plantations, tree preservation act has to be very strictly enforced. Coffeemalais are the assessed land but assigned permanently for the cultivation of Coffee. The occupants in this type of land have the right over the tree growth. Total extent of Coffeemalais in the division is 1333.48 ha. Devarakadus are protected forests under Section 28 of Indian Forest Act, which are assigned to the temple deities. These are scattered all over the division. On special permission, the temple management can use timber and firewood from these lands for the purpose of temple functions. The extent of Devarakadus in the division is 1554.67 ha. Mandu and Ambala are also the protected forests notified under Section 28 of the Indian Forest Act. Their extents in the division are 19.62 ha and 27.33 ha respectively. The details of protected forests (like Devarakadu, Ambala and Mandu) are enclosed in the Annexure I(c). Other types of land tenure under this category are Jody and Sarvamanya.
Sagus are the assessed lands which can be of two types viz., redeemed and un- redeemed. In the redeemed land assignee has the right over both land and tree growth. On the other hand, in the unredeemed land assignee does not have right over the tree growth. In the case of unredeemed land, as the tree growth belongs to the government, there is immediate need to have inventory of such areas so as to prevent any possible misuse of tree growth by
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 10 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division the occupants. Paisari land is defined as all waste and forest lands which are declared by Section 42 of the Coorg land and revenue regulation to be the property of the government and which have not been notified in the Coorg district gazette as protected forest under Section 28 of Act VII of 1878 or as forests under Section 3 of the same Act. An extent of 3116.94 ha of these Paisari lands are transferred to forest department. Uruduves are the protected forests notified under Section 28 of Indian Forest Act. Lands like Paisaris, Uruduvesare government lands burdened with various rights and privileges. Genimalais are the leased lands in the evergreen reserved forests for the purpose of cardamom cultivation. In the past it has been observed that Genimalais have been mismanaged and badly damaged by the lessees. At the time of leasing out such areas for cardamom cultivation, the economical value of the forest produce was the least and also the ecological imbalance that this practice would bring out was never thought of. These leases expired in 1975. Subsequently, the leases were not renewed and the areas were resumed back. The present status of such land has to be verified on the ground and there is a need to pass formal orders for terminating the leases.
1.11 - RIGHTS AND CONCESSIONS.
1.11.1 RIGHTS - The rights and concessions in the reserved forests are those as settled during the time of notification of the areas under Section 19 of Indian Forest Act, 1878. Right of way is the common right as admitted at different places in the reserved forests. The people living in the enclosures enjoy their rights without any problem. The rights admitted during the time of settlement are given in Annexure V. Under Forest Right Act,So far 292.685 acres of forest land rights have been given to 237 families in the division covering Thithimathi and Makut ranges under Forest Right Act. The details are given in Annexure XLIX (a & b). The extraction and sale of Rosewood in the private land is controlled/regulated under the provisions of Rule 127 of Karnataka Forest Rules, 1969. Further, as per the Karnataka Forest Act, 1963. Prior to 2001, all sandalwood trees, including those growing on private lands, were considered as Government property. In order to encourage private individuals to grow sandalwood trees in their lands, the Karnataka Forest Act, 1963 and Karnataka Forest Rules, 1969 were amended during 2001 and 2002 conferring ownership rights of sandalwood trees growing on private lands to the land owners.
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1.12 - COMMITMENTS.
An extent of 521.76 ha and 2.83 ha.of forest lands in Kerti and Urti reserved forest were leased to M/s Portland Rubber Co. Ltd., on 6/10/1913 for 999 years starting from 1911-12 for Rubber cultivation by then Chief Commissioner of Coorg. Subsequently in the year 1940 the period of the lease was reduced from 999 years to 99 years vide gazette notification no. 28(1) 38 dt. 15/6/40 by the Chief Commissioner of Coorg.The state government vide order No: FEE-192/FLL-2008, Bangalore dated: 19.12.2012 ordered to restrict the lease period as 99 years in respect of the private rubber companies in Kodagu district. The assessment is collected by the Revenue authorities. The details of forest leases from the inception of the division are given in Annexure – VI.
1.13 - LIST OF PAST DEPUTY CONSERVATORS OF FORESTS.
List is appended vide Annexure VII.
1.14 - LAND USE PATTERN.
The following table shows the land use pattern in the Virajpet taluk – Table – 3:
Sl no Land use Net area shown Area in Sq.kms %age 1 Geographical area(according to --- 1657.31 village records) 2 Forest area (land not available for 662.34 39.96 cultivation) 3 Land put to non agricultural use 32.01 1.93 (C&D) 4 Barren and uncultivable land other uncultivated land excluding fallow 85.37 5.15 land 5 Permanent pasture and other 68.35 4.12 grazing lands 6 Land under miscellaneous tree 57.2 3.45 crops and groves 7 Fallow land 31.61 1.91 8 Cultivable waste 7.08 0.43 9 Land under cultivation 713.35 43.04
* N B: The forest area shown in serial number 2 also includes the other areas not covered under the plan. (Source : Kodagu District statistics at a glance 2008-09)
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CHAPTER II. THE FOREST.
2.1 - COMPOSITION AND CONDITION OF CROP.
2.1.1 - Because of marked variation in rainfall, altitude, aspect, slope and intensity of biotic interference, wide range of forests can be seen in the division. Past management practices coupled with other biotic factors have changed the status of vegetation at many places. The detrimental effects of the past have set in retrogression and brought the climax vegetation to either pre climax or sub climax stages. Here grasslands, scrubs, savannas, swamps or inferior deciduous forests have replaced the original forests. Mostly good forests are confined to the eastern and western slopes of the Ghats. The stocking in the various reserved forest areas varies considerably and details of the stocking pattern with extent are given in the Annexure VIII (a).The details of stocking pattern in different Devarakadus are given in Annexure VII(b)
2.1.2 - Composition of Crop. The tropical evergreen forests confined to the Ghats have luxuriant vegetation forming several strata with very tall trees often with buttressed stems. These can be seen in Makut, Mundrote and part of Virajpet ranges. Commonly seen and economically important species among them in the top storey are: - Table – 4: Species composition in different storey
Sl no. Botanical name 1 Hebbalsu Artocarpus hirsuta 2 Vella paini Veteria indica 3 Panda paini Canarium strictum 4 Chora paini Hardwickia pinnata 5 Kal paini Dipterocarpus indicus 6 Aranji Antiaris toxicaria 7 Neeli Bischofia javanica 8 Poon Callophyllum tomentosum 9 Bollurupa Eugenia gardeneri 10 Perumara Trewia nudiflora 11 Noga Cedrella toona 12 Devadaru Dysoxylum malabaricum 13 Atha Mesua ferrea 14 Jack Artocarpus integrifolia 15 Balanji Acrocarpus fraxinifolius 16 Pali Palaquium ellipticum 17 Irupa Hopea parviflora 18 Kotte Sterculia alata
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19 Biti Dalbergia latifolia 20 Karimara Diospyrous ebenum 21 Buruga Bombax ceiba
The middle storey generally consists of the following species: –
Sl no. Botanical name 1 Pale pannu Chrysophyllum roxburghii 2 Naviladi Vitex altissima 3 Nerolthakai Hydnocarpus wightiana 4 Kartha choote Diospyros nilagirica 5 Veltha choote Hemicyclia alata 6 Kunge pannu Elacocarpus serratus 7 Analthari Elacocarpus tuberculatus 8 Pullichekke Artocarpus lakoocha 9 Amme pannu Canthium diococum 10 Kakcha paya Polyalthia fragrans 11 Malekakkada Scolopia erenulata 12 Chooli Lansium anemaleyanum 13 Karpamara Cinnamomum zeylanicum 14 Punali Elaeodendron paniculatum 15 Chunde Diospyrous microphylla 16 Kulurmavu Machilus macarantha
The under storey consists of the following species: –
Sl no. Botanical name 1 Kadchorange Limonia acidissima 2 Bhatha Macaranga peltata 3 Uduthale Memecylan edule 4 Lavate pannu Allophyllus cobbe 5 Nakki Vitex negundo
Following species of Canes and Reeds are found: –
Canes Sl no. Botanical name 1 Kirubetha Calamus psedotenuis 2 Halubetha Calamus laxmanae 3 Handibetha Calamus thwaitessi 4 Ontibetha Calamus travancoricus 5 Nagabetha Calamus flagellum 6 Sukku betha Calamus karnatakanses 7 Meese betha Calamus lassiferous
Reeds Sl no 1 Ochlandra rheedii 2 Ochlandra travancorica
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Other species of under growth which dominate these forests are: –
Sl no Botanical name 1 Kurunji Strobilanthus species 2 Webera Webera corymbosa 3 Mundachekke Pandanus tectorius 4 Uppila Macaranga roxburghii 5 Taggi or Gowri Clerodendron infortunatum 6 Parivallam Callicarpa lanata 7 Maleangare Leportra crenulata 8 Kowri Helictres isora
The mixed deciduous forests, which are found in Thithimathi range, comprise of species that remain leafless during December to June and are seen around the fringe openings of lower slopes and in plains. The species composition of this area is as follows:
Sl no. Botanical name 1 Thega Tectona grandis 2 Beete Dalbergia latifolia 3 Honne Pterocarpus marsupium 4 Nandi Lagerstroemia lanceolata 5 Noga mara Cedrella toona 6 Karadi Chuckrassia tabularis 7 Thadasalu Grewia tilaefolia 8 Mathi Terminalia tomentosa 9 Uluve Terminalia paniculata 10 Thari Terminalia bellerica
Bambusa bamboos and Dendrocalamus strictus occur as an under storey and the former is more common.
The under growth consists of the following species: –
Sl no. Botanical name 1 Glycosmus pentaphylla 2 Curcuma species 3 Helictris isora 4 Lantana camara 5 Eupatorium odoratum
Among the climbers, following species are more common –
Sl no. Botanical name 1 Spatholobus roxburghii 2 Acacia Concina
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2.1.3 - Condition of the Crop. The condition of the crop in a locality is the result of the interaction of various climatic, edaphic and biotic factors. As these forests have been worked in the past, the reasons like faulty management practices, fire, grazing, erosion etc. have caused changes in different degrees at various places. The observation of Akbar Shah, made regarding the condition of crop around Makut and Mundrote is still valid. It is stated in the Working Plan that in Makut, soil conditions have changed considerably tending towards dryness, resulting in retarded tree growth. In most of the areas, especially in Mundrote belt, regeneration has become very sparse. In Thithimathi, in addition to the problems of fire, grazing and other biotic factors, the invasion of weeds like Lantana and Eupatorium in forests, has made it difficult for any regeneration to come up. The condition of the forests in general has deteriorated so much that some of the size classes of important tree species are totally missing.
2.1.4 - Forest types: The forests of the division are tropical moist and dry types. Following are the main types of forests found in the division: 1. Moist Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests (IA/C3) :– It is confined to the Ghats and the vegetation forms several strata with very tall trees. These forests in most of the areas appear to be climatic climax and are found mainly in the Kerti and Padinalknad reserved forests. Predominant species are Dysoxylum malabaricum, Dipterocarpus indicus, Hopea parviflora, Mesua ferrea, Sterculia alata, Canarium strictum, Calophyllum tomentosum, Vateria indica etc.
2. Moist Tropical Semi-evergreen Forests (I/2A): – It is an intermediate type between the Tropical evergreen and Tropical moist deciduous forest types. It is rather difficult to distinguish this type of forests in the field on account of its presence in patches or along with group of species characterstic of other types. This type is confined mostly in the foothills or flat land on soils formed from the crystalline rocks in the Kerti and Padinalknad reserved forests. The common tree species in the upper storey are Xylia Xylocarpa, Terminalia paniculata, Langerstroemia lanceolata, Hopea parviflora etc.
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3. Moist Deciduous Forests (3B/C2): – It comprises of species that remain leafless during March and April and is seen around the fringes, opening of lower slopes and in plains, mainly in the Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests. Important species found are Big Bamboo (Bambusa bamboos) Dalbergia latifolia, Terminalia paniculata, Terminalia tomentosa, Tectona grandis, Lagerstroemia lanceolata, Adina cordifolia, Grewia tilaefolia, Bombax ceiba, Anogeissus latifolia, Xylia xylocarpa etc.
4. Dry Deciduous Forests (5A/C3): – This type of forest is formed by species, which remain deciduous for greater part of the year. The canopy is uneven and is not particularly dense. The growth under consists of a few shrubs and grassy growth, which become more prominent where burning is resorted to. Canes and palms are absent and bamboo, whenever present, is dry and stunted. These types of forests are found in the degraded portions of Devamachi and Mavkal reserved forests. Main species found under this category are Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia tomentosa, Terminalia paniculata, Grewia tiliaefolia, Albizia odoratissima, Pterocarpus marsupium, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Dalbergia paniculata, Zizyphus xylopyrous, Randia dumatorum, Bauhinia racemosa, Diospyrous melanoxylon etc.
2.1.5 - Grass lands. The grasslands which are found in these areas, intermixed with the forests are the result of the degradation to which these forests have been subjected to in the past. The degradation might have been caused because of faulty management practices resulting in loss of tree cover causing erosion or because of repeated fire and other biotic factors. In Mundrote and Makut ranges, these grasslands are seen on top of the ridges and these continue to exist because of annual fires. These can be classified as high rainfall grasslands, normally at an altitude above 750 m, and low rainfall grasslands, usually at an altitude below 750 m. These grasslands perpetuate themselves because of adverse edaphic and biotic factors.
2.1.6 - Swamps: These are commonly called ‘Hadlus’ in the local language. These are swampy flat lands, which exist at different places in varying extents. Outside the reserved forests these have been converted as paddy fields but inside the reserved forests these are cultivated
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 17 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division unauthorizedly. The current information regarding their actual number and extent in various forests is not available. In Alva‘s working plan of old Hunsur Division the extent of Hadlus in Devamachi and Mavkal reserved forests was assessed to be 2560 acres and 2000 acres respectively.
The forests in the Padinalknad Reserved forest and Kerti Reserved forest can be broadly classified under the category of evergreen and semi evergreen type. The total area under this category is 22212.70 ha. The forests in the Mavukal Reserved forest and Devamachi Reserved forest can be broadly classified under the category of moist and dry deciduous types. The total area under this category is 7004.40 ha. In the deciduous type an extent of 1846.15 ha. is under swamps or hadlus.
2.1.7 - Fauna: Variety of fauna is found in Virajpet division. Rugged terrain, dense forests, lushgreen valleys and perennial water streams flowing across the area offer ideal habitat for wide range of mammals, reptiles, fishes, amphibians, birds and insects. But increasing human population and consequent shrinkage and degradation of the habitat have had adverse impact on wildlife.
Because of rich wildlife of the region, the Nagarhole wildlife sanctuary (Now the Rajiv Gandhi national park with the inclusion of some area of the Mysore district) was established way back in July 1955. The Brahmagiri wildlife sanctuary comprising of Brahmagiri and Urti reserved forests were notified in 1974, subsequently other sanctuaries in Coorg district viz., Pushpagiri and Talcauvery were notified. Although these wildlife areas are outside Virajpet division, as these are located very close by, wide variety of fauna is found in the division. During the preparation of the previous Working Plans of old Madikeri division and old Hunsur division, these wildlife areas were included in these divisions. After the reorganization of divisions, these are independent administrative units under the control of wildlife divisions / sub-divisions. In spite of the fact the human habitations and cultivated areas are surrounded by forests rich in wildlife, damage caused to life and property is not so high.
The important animals are Tiger, Panther, Elephant, Sambar, Spotted deer, Barking deer, Wild dog, Grey langoor etc.. Other typical rain forest fauna are Nilgiri langoor, Brown
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 18 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division palm civet and Lion tailed macaque. In addition to these, carnivores like Jackal, Jungle cat, Rusty spotted Leopard cat, Small Indian civet, Common palm civet, Common mongoose, Brown mangoose, Stripe necked mangoose are also present in the area. Birds commonly found in these forests are Black eagle, Great horn bill, Soaring vulture, Malabar trogon, Nilgiri black bird, Parrot, Wood peckers, Barn owls, Cuckoo, Red winged crested cuckoo, Peafowl and Jungle fowl. The Honeybee is an asset in the area as it gives honey and thereby supports the local apiculture industry. Important reptiles are King Cobra, Cobra, Python and Russell viper. Tortoises are also occasionally seen in paddy fields and small tanks and also in the evergreen patches of Mundrote and Makut ranges.
2.2 - INJURIES TO WHICH THE CROP IS LIABLE.
The most common forms of injuries to the crop in these forests are due to smuggling, fire, wild animals, insects, climbers, grazing, parasites and epiphytes.
2.2.1 - Smuggling and Protection Problems. From the viewpoint of forest protection, the division is quite sensitive. Organized smuggling, especially along the inter-State border, and illicit removals by the local villagers living in and around forests are serious problems. Various legislative and administrative steps have been taken to check these activities. Police force has been stationed along the border at sensitive points. Forest camps also have been located along the border in smuggling prone areas. Routine patrolling and perambulation need to be intensified further in the division. The eastern part of the division where large numbers of Teak plantations are located and where many economically valuable species are found requires more protection. Encroachment is another problem that needs immediate attention. If the demarcation of forest boundary around the rubber and coffee estates is not proper, planters have a tendency to extend their boundaries in the surrounding forests. Similarly, the encroachment in the Hadlus in the reserved forests is to be tackled effectively. Amendment (1998) to the Karnataka Forest Act 1963 and Rules 1969 and the Judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India in the case of T.N.Godavarman Vs Union of India and others have further strengthened the various legal aspects concerning forest protection.
2.2.2 - Fire. Fire is a serious problem in these forests. In the evergreen/semi evergreen zone, fire on the hillocks covered with grasses seriously damages the surrounding vegetation/Sholas; its
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 19 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division repeated occurrence sets retrogression in the climatic and edaphic climax stages of the area causing irreversible changes in the micro climate. This tends to make the area drier and consequently it affects the process of succession. At the higher reaches, on one hand fire causes shrinkage of Sholas and on the other, it leads to expansion of grassland. Fire due to natural causes like lightening is very rare. Fire problem is more acute in the eastern part of deciduous belt. Fire occurs mainly because of intentional/accidental reasons, as biotic interference is more in these areas. The problem gets further aggravated because of thick mat of fallen leaves on the forest floor. It creates gaps in the forest, which gradually get covered by the invasion of weeds like Eupatorium or Lantana. The period between February and April is the driest and the intensity of fire during this period is very severe. In view of this there is urgent need for effective fire control measures including burning of fire lines. But unless timely and complete action is taken there is all possibility that such measures become totally futile.
2.2.3 - Wildlife damage. Appreciable damage is caused, especially in the deciduous forests by the elephants to the young poles, saplings and bamboo clumps. Elephants peel off the bark of younger Teak and Kydia poles, which they relish very much. Young plants and regeneration also get damaged due to trampling. Herbivores like Sambhar, Spotted deer, Bison etc. cause damage to young plants by browsing. Bisons also cause damage by trampling young growth and by rubbing their bodies against the saplings resulting in stripping off the bark. Wild boar and Porcupines have a tendency to uproot seedlings and young saplings and to consume the juicy tubers. Problems from insects and other microorganisms, even though seasonal and occasional, also cause some concern, especially in the deciduous forests.
2.2.4 - Weeds and grasses. Deciduous forests of the division are affected by the invasion of weeds like Eupatorium and Lantana. The problem is more serious in the failed plantation areas or wherever there are openings in forests. Eupatorium is more widespread and it suppresses natural regeneration causing extensive damage to forests. During the dry season these weeds dry up and act like readymade inflammable material and aid in the spread of fire very fast. Lantana causes serious hindrance to the movement of wild animals. Its removal through uprooting is not practically feasible, as it spreads by dispersal of seeds, coppice and root sucker. Once uprooted, it will invade again by left over root stock and fresh dispersal of seeds
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 20 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division from other areas. Besides, such operations will be prohibitively costly. In the regeneration areas, however, weeding has to be carried out till the plants are established.
Grasses also cause spread of fire and suppression of natural regeneration in the forests of the division.
2.2.5 - Grazing. In the past, strict restrictions were imposed on unauthorized grazing and it was regulated strictly. But now a days, cattle can be seen in most parts of forests causing damage to regeneration.
2.2.6 - Parasites and Epiphytes. Loranthus is a serious problem in Teak plantations. Infestation by Loranthus retards tree growth. Occasionally, trees die. The menace can be brought under control by mechanical removal of the parasite. .
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 21 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
CHAPTER III. UTLISATION OF THE PRODUCE.
3.1 - AGRICULTURAL CUSTOMS AND WANTS OF THE POPULATION.
3.1.1 - Virajpet division consists of 142 revenue villages of which 124 are in Virajpet taluk and 18 are in Madikeri taluk. As per 2001 census the number of inhabited village of Virajpet taluka is only 94. Out of a total geographical area of 1657.31 Sq kms, forest area of the division is 292.171 km2. The principal agriculture crop is paddy, which is grown in an extent of 135 km2. Area under the plantation crops like Coffee, Tea and Cardamom is 516.64 km2, 3.44 km2 and 2.68 km2 respectively. Area under Pepper, Arecanut is 34.92 km2and 9.62 km2 respectively. The population and population density of Virajpet Taluk as per the 2001 census is 200628 and 124 per km2 respectively. As per the 2008 census total cattle population of Virajpet taluk is 33277and total livestock population is 129125. This socio economic statistics indicate that substantial area is either under plantation crops or under forests. The population density is also relatively low.
Demand for various forest produce from forest areas for local consumption is less except in and around Devamachi and Mavkal reserved forests where some tribal people live. The tribals meet their bonafide needs locally from the surrounding forests. In the private areas under plantation crops, sufficient firewood and timber is produced to meet the local needs. Besides the reserved forests, there are appreciable extents of Paisari and Bane lands in the division. Most of the demands of small timber for agricultural implements and for construction or repair of sheds etc., are either met from these Paisari/Bane lands or from private lands. Substantial quantity of timber and firewood is also obtained from the redeemed lands and a part of this is consumed locally. In the past there was demand for charcoal which was prepared and supplied by the department locally. No such demand for charcoal from government forests exists now as the same can be met from private sources. Bamboo, required for fencing is taken from the surrounding Bane or Paisari lands. Demand of leaf manure is also met from these lands.
Grazing is one of the essential needs of the local agriculturist population for their cattle. In the past strict regulations/restrictions were imposed on grazing in forest areas. Free grazing was permitted in the Bane and Paisari lands only, which was enough for the local grazing needs. With the increase of livestock and the conversion of grazing lands for farming
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 22 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division and other purposes, forest lands are under a lot of pressure and are facing serious grazing problems. Stall feeding is not practiced much in the locality. Hundreds of cattle, which find unrestricted entry into the forest, cause serious problem to regeneration. Therefore there is immediate need to divert this pressure to unreserved areas and to promote stall feeding locally.
3.2 - OTHER SOURCES OF DEMAND.
In the past, forests of the division used to cater to the demands of several industries located outside Kodagu district which obtained raw material required for match wood, ply wood, railways sleepers, factory fuel etc. In view of the urgency to conserve the bio-diversity in tropical forests, the present day management of these forests has become conservation oriented and no such supplies are being made.
3.3 - MARKETABLE PRODUCE.
3.3.1 - In the fast changing world of today the demand for traditional wooden products has come down considerably because of various reasons. In the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, besides a few selected timber species, sandalwood and firewood, there was not much demand for other forest products. But by the middle of the twentieth century, due to rapid population growth and consequent increase in the demand, several tree species and other forest products became marketable. This caused tremendous pressure on the forests and, at many places, resulted in their depletion and degradation. But in the latter part of this century, because of increased awareness of the role of forests in maintaining the ecological equilibrium, discovery of a wide range of synthetic products, use of various metallic products in the construction industry and increased use of alternative energy sources, the demand for forest products has come down to some extent. Some of the marketable forest products are as detailed below:-
3.3.2 - Sandalwood: Sandalwood is the most precious marketable forest produce of these forests. Sandalwood oil, which is obtained by its destructive distillation, is quite valuable and is extensively used in the manufacture of soaps, incense sticks, perfumes, drugs etc. Good quality wood is also used in several religious rituals. The present supply of Sandalwood from the division is very meager as only dead/dying/diseased trees or the stumps of illicitly cut trees from the government or private lands are extracted. In case of Sandalwood extracted
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 23 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division from private lands value based on current market price is paid to the owner as per the existing government rules.
3.3.3 - Timber: In the past, this area was an important source of timber supply to the market. For different uses, varieties of tree species were harvested. The hardwood trees were sold after extraction, conversion, transportation and classification in the depots. However softwood trees were sold standing by allotment to various industries. The practice of standing tree sale or coupe sale has already been discontinued. As felling of green trees in forests has been stopped, only dead and fallen material, salvaged from forests is being sold in depots. But these supplies are supplemented considerably from the material, which is received from the redeemed or the other private lands.
3.3.4 - Firewood: As stated earlier, because of increased uses of alternative energy sources, the demand of firewood, though marketable has come down considerably. Even the traditional users like tile factories, brick kilns etc. are also switching over to alternate means. But whatever quantity is received at the depot from the extraction of dead and fallen material is sold locally. This is also supplemented to a very big extent from the firewood supplies received from the coffee plantations and other private areas including the redeemed lands.
3.3.5 - Bamboos, Canes and Reeds: Bamboo, which was not considered economically very important in the early days of the twentieth century, has subsequently gained a lot of importance because of its multifarious uses. The demand of bamboo as raw material of pulp industry increased considerably during the century. However, this demand has gradually decreased because of the increased availability of other pulpwood species/material to the industries. But it is extensively used in the cottage industry, for making thattis, baskets etc. Besides, bamboo is used extensively in the rural areas for construction of houses and manufacture of household articles and agricultural implements. Bamboo is available in sufficient quantity in the forests of the division. It is used locally as well as in the adjoining parts of Mysore district. The main species of bamboo found in the division are Bambusa bamboos and Bambusa arundinacea. In small patches Dendrocalamus strictus is also found. Canes and Reeds are found in the high rainfall areas. These are used mainly for furniture making. Their local demand is not much. However, there is considerable demand for Canes and Reeds in other districts. As these were
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 24 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division overexploited in the past, it is necessary to provide complete protection and rest to facilitate their regeneration. The important species of canes found in the area are Calamus rotang, Calamus thwaitessi, Calamus pseudotenuis and Calamus travencoricus and among the important species of reeds is Ochlendra reedii.
3.3.6 - Non-Timber Forest Produce: There are several Non-Timber forest produce found in these forests which are marketable. Important among these are Rubber, Seegekai (Acacia concinna), Watehuli (Artocarpus lakucha fruits), Mardapachi (Moss and lichens), Cashew, Gulmavu bark (Machilus macrantha bark), Honey, Bee wax, Nellikai (Emblica officinalis), Dhupa seeds (Vateria indica fruits) etc. MFPs collection is normally being done by LAMP (Large area multi purpose) Society through its members, who are tribals. If the Society does not come forward, rights of collection are sold through tender cum auction sale. Earlier the lease period was biannual but now it is annual.The list of NTFP available in the division is given in Annexure-IXThe details of the quantity collected and revenue earned by LAMPS for last 10 years are enclosed in Annexure X.
3.4 - MARKETS AND LINES OF EXPORT.
In view of the formation of separate wildlife areas after the reorganization and ban on the green fellings in the forest, the supply of timber to the depots has reduced substantially. The major depots of the division are Thithimathi and Vatekolli. The salvaged material from dead and fallen trees or teak poles (if plantation thinnings are carried out), are brought to these depots and classified as per the existing classification standard. In view of the network of better roads, most of markets of adjoining districts of Karnataka as well as Kerala are easily accessible. The main markets are Calicut in Kerala, and Hunsur, Mysore and even Bangalore in Karnataka.
3.5 - METHODS OF EXPLOITATION AND COST.
Extraction is done only from dead and fallen trees. For felling of dead trees combination of axe and saws is used. For conversion, only saws are used. Even billets and firewood are sized by saws. All the logs are taken in the round form by cutting at either end by crosscut saws. At the middle point bark is removed for taking girth measurements. Dragging is done by Elephants from the stump site to the lorry track and timber is further transported by lorries. The old methods for transportation of timber either by floating or
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 25 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division through skyline cranes etc. are now totally abandoned. Saws are used for thinning of poles in teak plantations. Bamboo is cut with axe. Collection of minor forest produce is done by traditional methods.The cost of extraction has increased over the years. In areas where the terrain is difficult and where skilled labourers are not locally available and have to be brought from outside, cost works out more. The details of depot-wise sales of timber are given in Annexure XI.
3.6 - PAST AND CURRENT PRICES.
The species-wise and class-wise average prices of timber received in various depot sales in Virajpet division are given in Annexures XII. The increase in the prices is because of limited availability of material and inflationary trend in the economy.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 26 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
CHAPTER IV ACTIVITIES OF KARNATAKA FOREST DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (KFDC) IN HARVESTING AND MARKETING OF FOREST PRODUCE, RESULT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY 4.1 - General Karnataka Forest Development Corporation Ltd., Bangalore is a government undertaking and it was incorporated as a company under the Company Act, 1956 on 25/01/1971. The corporations main activities are to develop plantations of rubber, pulpwood, teak and bamboo which are commercially viable. It also develops the forest land and support forest department and reclaims the waste lands converting them into productive assets. KFDC Ltd., Bangalore is not having any area or activities in Hunsur Forest Division. Another Corporation called Karnataka Cashew Development Corporation Ltd., (KCDC), Mangalore was incorporated in 1978 for scientifically managing the cashew plantations raised hitherto by Karnataka Forest Department promoting the development of cashew plantation in the state. However, there are no activities of KFDC Ltd., in Virajpet division. The other Corporation called Karntaka State Forest Corporation Ltd (KSFIC), Banglore was incorporated in the year 1973 with the objectives of undertaking exploitation of forest produce, processing of forest produce and their marketing as finished products. In Virajpet division, the services of Karnataka State Forest Industry Corporation (KSFIC) are taken in thinning of teak plantations and in logging activity in natural forest for extraction of deed and fallen trees. After extraction, the KSFIC transports the harvested timber and poles to the forest depots. In case of firewood, they pay royalty to the forest department and transport the firewood to their sale depots. The KSFIC works almost 300 days in a year engaging on an average 70-80 laborers (30% from local villages) everyday to carryout their harvesting operations. The quantity of timber extracted by KSFIC for last 10 years in Virajpet division is given in the table below.
Table – 5: Details of Timber & Poles extracted by the KSFIC Mangalore during the Year 2001-02 in Virajpet Division
Sl Name of the No of Trees Quantity in Name of the Range No Locality extracted M3 (Logs=M3) 1 Virajpet Kedamollor 196 200= 100.028 2 Virajpet Palangala 13 76= 38.441 3 Ponnampet Hysodlor 26 60= 60.945 4 Ponnampet Karthikadu 62 80= 40.097
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 27 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
5 Ponnampet Begur 11 25= 5.699 6 Ponnampet Hysodlor 1 10= 14.009
Table – 6: Details of Timber & Poles extracted by the KSFIC, Mangalore during the Year 2002-03 in Virajpet Division
Sl Name of the Name of No of Trees Coupe No Quantity in M3 No Range the Locality extracted 1 Thithimathi Devamachi 2 408 920= 338.099 2 Thithimthi Devamachi Year of plantation Poles 3 --―-- --―-- 1973 1230 4 --―-- --―-- 1975 130 5 --―-- --―-- 1976 255 6 --―-- --―-- 1944 650 7 --―-- --―-- 1949 300 8 --―-- --―-- 1950 1260 9 --―-- --―-- 1950 1960 10 --―-- --―-- 1944 22 11 --―-- --―-- 1935 171 12 --―-- --―-- 1977 82 Total 6060
4.2 - Socio - Economic Situation:- In earlier days, both rural and urban people mostly depended on firewood for household cooking. However, dependence on firewood for household cooking has not decreased significantly in Virajpet division especially in rural areas. But whatever quantity is received at the depot from the extraction of dead and fallen material is sold locally. This is also supplemented to a very big extent from the firewood supplies received from the coffee plantations and other private areas including the redeemed lands. The other important requirements of the local people are bamboo, timber for house construction, small timber for agricultural implements and NTFP like honey, tree moss, cashew, Gulmavu bark, Nellikai, Dhupa seeds etc. The bamboo is used for construction of dwelling houses by the poor and also used for making baskets, furniture and other bamboo crafts. MFPs collection is normally being done by LAMP (Large Area Multi Purpose) Society through its members, who are tribals. Virajpet is well known for timber trade specially teak. Tithimati teak is noted for its quality and durability. There are 10 sawmills in
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 28 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Virajpet division. The demand for timber for construction and for making furniture is steadily increasing due to change in life style and improvement of socio-economic status of all classes of people. Due to ban in green felling in the state, the availability of all kinds of timber in forest department depots is very limited. To meet the increasing demands, the timber merchants in the private sector have been importing timber mainly teak from abroad which is a positive trend from the conservation point of view.
4.3 - JFPM Programme And Forest Resource Management:- One of the fundamental objectives of 1998 Forest Policy is to involve communities in protecting and restoring forests. The Government of Karnataka had vide order No. AHFF.232.FAP.86 dated 12-04-1993 and subsequently vide order No. AFEE.50.FAP.2000, dated 19-06-2002 issued guidelines for JFPM programme in the state. Under F.D.A., 19 EDCs(Devarkadu Thakka Mukyasthara Vedike) were formed. These were formed primarily to protect and manage Devarakadus. As per the guidelines, 6 Village Forest Committees (VFCs) have been formed under KSFMBC in order to rehabilitate degraded forests having less than 0.25 density with the active involvement and participation of local community. Total 1830 hectares of forest areas having plantations are being managed under JFPM programme in Virajpet division. Under this programme, both afforestation and entry point activities have been taken up. In some VFCs, Income Generating Activities (IGA) are taken up through Self Help Groups (SHGs).The main purpose of formation of VFCs is to address a variety of problems in protection, regeneration, development and management of forest and at the same time to improve the livelihood conditions of the people living in the forest fringe villages by sharing benefits. The detailed socio-economic profile of the VFCs of Virajpet division based on the micro-plan records is given in Annexure XIII. It is evident from the socio-economic data that many families from the VFC villages still depend on forest for the requirement of fodder, fuel wood, small timber, bamboo and other NTFP and medicinal plants. The weaker section of the society mainly SC, ST, land less people, small farmers and daily wagers also depend on various forest activities for their livelihood. The effective implementation of different forestry schemes in the JFPM area is going to fulfill the needs of the local people considerably in the long run to improve their livelihood condition which will help in forest conservation and development to retain the forest healthy and protected.
Another user group of forest produce in Virajpet division is the Large Area Multi- Purpose Society (LAMPS) consisting of members from schedule tribes families. The society collects NTFP from the forest areas and share the profit among the members.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 29 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
CHAPTER V.
5.1 - FIVE YEAR PLANS.
Many poor people including tribals live in and around forest areas and are dependent on forest resources for their development. Forests meet about 40 percent of the energy needs of the country of which 80 percent is utilised in rural areas. Forest products play a very important role in rural and tribal economy as many of these non-timber forest produces provide sustenance to the rural poor. For landless families, small and marginal farmers, forest related activities often provide primary source of income. Forest conservation and development plays role not only in poverty alieviation but also in addressing global concerns of climate change and in conservation of floral and faunal bio-diversity. The planners and policy makers all over the world now have realised the economic, ecological and hydrological values of forests and their contribution for the welfare of the nation.
As per the report of the Working Group for Forestry Sector setup by the Planning Commission of India to formulate proposals for the 11th Five Year Plan, it is estimated that about 270 million tonnes of fuelwood, 280 million tonnes of fodder, over 12 million cubic meter of timber and countless non-timber forest produces are removed from forests annually. At a conservative level of pricing, the value of these commodities will approximately aggregate to over Rs. 27,500 crore per annum. The contribution of forests to India‘s GDP has varied from 1.0 to 2.5 percent.
The forest cover of India as per 2011 assessment is 692,027 km2 which is 21.05 percent of the total geographical area of the country (India State forest report, 2011). The over all change in forest cover in the country as compared to the previous assessment of 2009 after making adjustment for interpretational changes is a loss of 367 km2. In case of Karnataka state, the forest and tree cover is 21.86 percent (tree cover – 2.99 per cent and forest cover – 18.87 per cent). There has been an increase of 6 km2 in the open forest and a decrease of 2 km2 in the moderately dense forests and thus an overall 4% increase in forest cover has been reported as compared to the previous assessment. However, no change of forest cover has been noticed in Kadagu district. In the past, there has not been a comprehensive and constant programme structure for forestry. Although plans had specified objectives and programmes, the main activity under most of them was tree planting. Until 1976, the forest resource was seen as a source of earning revenue for the state and therefore little was spent for its protection and development. The percentage share of Forestry Sector
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 30 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division outlay changed from 0.32 percent of the total outlay in the First FYP to 0.94 percent in Eight FYP. However, the allocation was raised to 1.09 percent in Seventy FYP. In 1976, the governance of forest came under the concurrent list. ‗Development without destruction‘ and ‗forests for survival‘ were the themes of the next two Five Year Plans aiming at increasing wildlife reserves and at linking forest development with the tribal economy.
The emphasis of the different Five Year Plans (FYPs) regarding forestry sector was as follows: First FYP (1951-1956) and Second FYP (1956-1961) – rehabilitation of degraded forests, introduction of economic species, survey and demarcation; Third FYP (1961-1966) and Fourth FYP (1969-1974) – increasing productivity of forests through fast growing species plantation, scientific assessments and logging; Fifth FYP (1974-1979) – large scale plantation, social forestry and forest conservation; Sixth FYP (1980-1985) – social forestry and fuelwood reserves to save natural forest; Seventh FYP (1985-1990) – forest conservation, massive afforestation and waste land development; Eighth FYP (1992-1997) and Nineth FYP (1997-2002) – Preservation of biological and genetic diversity (both flora and fauna), protection of forests against biotic interference, utilisation of wastelands, and promotion of people‘s participation through Joint Forest Management; Tenth FYP (2002-2007) – strengthening of infrastructure for forest protection and preparation of working plans – survey and demarcation of forest areas, regeneration and eco-development of degraded forests and adjoining areas on watershed basis, involvement of local people in protection of forests; Eleventh FYP (2007-2012) – consolidation and strengthening of JFM, regeneration of bamboo in gregariously flowered area of North Eastern states, identification and special protection to vegetation areas / habitats having en-dangered, rare, vulnerable and endemic species; conservation of bio-diversity and capacity building in forestry sector.
5.1.1 - Virajpet division was created in 1992. Since inception of the division, afforestation and other forestry activities have been taken up under various schemes. The details of allotment and expenditures incurred under various plan schemes for the period from 2000-01
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 31 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division to 2010-11 covering from Nineth Five Year Plan to Eleventh Five Year Plan are enclosed in Annexure XIV.
During Tenth & Eleventh FYPs, the division raised about3962.00ha plantations in forest land and other public land. During the same period, 6.23 lakhs seedlings were distributed for planting on private land.
There are Six Village Forest Committees (VFCs) under JFM programme starting from 1995- 96 to 2007-08 were formed in the division and 1830.00 ha plantations have been raised in the VFCs area under different schemes involving local people. The major plan schemes implemented under JFM programme were : 1. CSS-NAP (National Afforestation Programme) 2. KSFMBC (Karnataka sustainable forest management and bio-diversity conservation) 3. CSS-AOFF (Afforestation of Fuel and Fodder) 4. CSS-NTFP (Non Timber Forest Produce) 5. NBM (National Bamboo Mission) Many afforestation activities were taken up in the non forest area which in turn helped in protection of many public lands from encroachment and deforestation.
5.1.2 - Suggestion for future forestry activities: For fulfilling the objectives of the FYPs and keeping in mind the conditions of the natural forests, the following measures are suggested to be taken up during the plan period : 1. Consolidation of forest areas; 2. Strengthening of infrastructure and capacity building of man power for protection of forests; 3. Strengthening of JFPM programme; 4. Adequate protection and management of flowered bamboo areas to revive expected regeneration; 5. Improvement of wildlife habitat; 6. Strategy for reducing man-animal conflict specially in elephant movement areas; 7. Farm forestry to increase tree cover with special measures to suggest alternative crops in human-elephant conflict zone and in tobacco growing areas; 8. Regeneration of natural species including sandalwood, bamboo and medicinal plants; 9. Control of invasive weeds like Lantana and Eupatorium; 10. Suitable SMC works as per site specific plan in watershed concept.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 32 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
CHAPTER VI 6.1 - STAFF AND LABOUR SUPPLY 6.1.1 - General. The optimum strength and quality of staff have direct bearing on the effective and efficient working of a forest division. With the increasing population the pressure on the forest has increased manifold. Today, the number of Acts and Rules regulating the management of forest and tree growth both in government and private lands are far more than these were in the past. Untrained staff or shortage of trained staff can have adverse effect on the forest protection and quality of works. The establishment may be categorized as supervisory, executive and ministerial.
6.1.2 - Staff position: Virajpet forest division has two sub-divisions with its headquarters in Virajpet and Thithimathi and has five ranges, namely, Virajpet, Thithimathi, Ponnampet, Makut and Mundrote ranges. At the supervisory level, i.e. at and above the level of RFO, the staff strength is adequate. But at the executive level, i.e. at and above the level of Forester, Forest Guard and Forest Watcher, the staff strength is not adequate. This is due to irregular or no recruitment at these levels for many years because of economy orders. However, during the recent years, recruitment at these levels has been regular and there is need to continue this process to ensure that all the vacant posts are filled. For effective protection and scientific management of the forests, more posts of beat guards and permanent forest watchers are required. The beat guards and section foresters should also have respective offices in their beats and sections. There is also need to strengthen the protection staff with improved communication equipments. The details of present staff position are given in table below :
Table- 7: The present staff strength in Virajpet Division Sl. No. of posts sanctioned and filled as on 30.08.2014 Designation No. Sanctioned Filled Vacant 1 DCF 1 1 - 2 ACF 2 2 - 3 Manager 1 - 1 4 Superintendent 1 1 - 5 RFO 7 4 3 6 Deputy RFO 39 25 14 7 FDA 8 6 2 8 II Division Surveyor 1 1 - 9 SDA 10 3 7 10 Driver 3 - 3 11 Forest Guard 68 34 34
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 33 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
12 Forest Watcher 17 1 16 13 I.B.Care taker 2 2 - 14 Police constable 2 - 2 15 Peon (Group D) 9 5 4 Total: 171 85 86 Supernumerary NIL
6.1.3 - Labour Force.
Assured and skilled labour force is extremely essential for successful implementation of various forestry works. In the past there was not much difficulty in getting labour. The tribals like Kurubas, Yeravas and Kudiyars who stay in and around the forests were available for works as unskilled or sometimes as skilled labourers.The skilled labourers were mostly, malyalis and paniyars who came from the coastal areas and used to work on piece contract system rather than on daily wages. But now the availability of labour has become scarce as the local people prefer to work in the private plantations where they earn higher wages than what is payable as per the departmental SSRs. and get assured work for most part of year. Besides they need not have to move from place to place as it happens in the forestry works. Though the local people including the tribals are available for certain works and in some of the seasons, to overcome labour shortage, especially in respect of skilled labour, workers are brought from adjoining areas of Kerala State or Mysore district. At present, there are 23 muster rolls daily wage workers in the division.
6.1.4 - Wage Rates The laborers engaged in forestry operations are paid as per the rates of Common Sanctioned Schedule of Rates (SSRs) of forest department for various items of works. There are different wage rates for different category of daily wage mazdoors. The common SSRs are revised time to time at state level by the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (HOF) based on the guidelines of Labor Department on minimum wage. The wage rates in the forest department have been revised again by the PCCF(HOFF), Bangalore vide O.M No: D1/BUD/R-61/2014-15, dated: 05.05.2014. As per the recent revised SSRs, the per day wage rates for skilled labour, semi-skilled labour and unskilled labour are Rs.289.04, Rs.269.04 and Rs.259.04respectively. The category wise daily wage mazdoors and wage rates sanctioned for the year 2014-15 is given in the Annexure XV. As per the Government Order dated: 11-06-2009 and as per the PCCF Office O.M. No: D-1/BUD/CR-97/2009-10, dated: 10-07-2009, there is a provision to pay additional amount of Rs.1000/- per month to the daily wage workers who have been taken for different forestry activities within the period from 01- 07-1984 to 29-01-1990 and who have been continuously working in the department.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 34 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
CHAPTER VII. 7.1 - PAST SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT
7.1.1 - GENERAL HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT History of scientific management of the forests of Coorg province dates back to 1865 when the Forest conservancy department was organized in the province, which was a part of British India. The rules for management of these forests were first introduced in 1865 and subsequently modified in 1871. Later on, in 1887, the Indian Forest Act of 1878 was extended to Coorg. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, several plantation crops like coffee, cardamom, orange etc. were introduced and large patches of forests were cleared either for raising these plantation crops or for agriculture. Gradually one third of the area of the province was set aside as reserved forests and remaining areas were to be used for other purposes. Some wooded areas were kept out of reservation to meet the local demands of various forest produce. Devamachi and Mavkal reserved forests were constituted in 1891 and other two reserved forests of the division viz. Padinalknad and Kerti were constituted in 1906 and 1908 respectively.
Soon after the constitution of reserved forests, plans were prepared for their scientific and systematic management. The first working plan of the deciduous forests of Devamachi and Mavkal was prepared in 1894. Again during 1899, a fresh working plan was prepared for Devamachi and Mavukal covering the entire reserved forests. Dissatisfied with exploitation system and injurious results of the above plans, Tireman prepared a new working plan in 1912. During 1916 Tireman prepared the first working plan for the Ghat forests in and around Makut. Brand's plan introduced during 1933 was mostly for the deciduous forests. During 1933, Van Haeften prepared a plan for Makut Range, which was in operation for 10 years. Rangaswamy‘s plan was for 15 years from 1940 onwards. Then came the three plans of Somaiah for Ghat forests, moist deciduous forests and sandal forests for 1954-1974, 1957- 1972 and 1959-1974 respectively. The working plan by Akbar Shah for 1987- 1996 was for the old Madikeri division that included Padinalknad and Kerti reserved forests of the present Virajpet division. Alva‘s plan (1978-79 to 2002-03) for old Hunsur division includes Devamachi and Mavkal reserved forests of the present Virajpet division.
The plans prepared towards the end of nineteenth century or in the first half of twentieth century were mostly for specific area or locality with specific objects of management and therefore did not cover the forests of entire Coorg province. From 1867 up
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 35 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division to 1916, permits were issued to the West Coast merchants allowing them to remove timber from any part of forests. But after the introduction of working plans, selection system was adopted to remove only mature and over mature trees followed by suitable tending operations for improving the growing stock. Between 1918 and 1925, extraction of Poon timber was done around Sollekolly on a scheme sanctioned by the then government to meet the growing demand of the species which was found suitable for the manufacture of Aircraft propellers. In 1919, on the advice of George Hart, the then Inspector General of Forests, regeneration fellings were carried out in Barpole valley with successful results. In 1926 certain regulations were introduced in the selection fellings and GBH was restricted to 1.22 m. The Kumri system in the evergreen forests, which was introduced in 1902, was abolished in 1922. The tapping of Hardwickia trees for wood tar that was introduced in 1946 was discontinued in 1948 in view of its adverse effects on the forests. By this time, under the selection system, felling of mature trees limiting to only certain number per hectare was introduced.
Since the early days of forest management, lots of efforts were made to extend the area under Teak. Teak plantations were raised from 1868 to 1989 regularly at various intervals. In 1898 about 307.567 ha of teak plantations were raised in Makut range. During the year 1890, Taungya cultivation was introduced in teak plantation. However the result was mixed in nature. During 1925 the system of clear felling forests followed by concentrated artificial regeneration of teak was introduced as per Brand‘s working plan and continued up to 1932. Bamboo plantations of species like Dendrocalamus strictus, Dendrocalamus gigantia, Bambusa bomboos, Bamboosa arundinaceae etc. were also raised between 1913 to 1927 to provide material required for floating of heavier logs. Subsequently, with the improvement in facilities for transportation of timber, raising of bamboo plantation was discontinued. From 1945 to 1951, attempts were made to raise miscellaneous species like Rosewood, Nandi, Honne, Mathi along with Teak in some of the regeneration areas.
In Somaiah‘s working plan conservation oriented management approach was adopted by prescribing the removal of only mature and over mature trees under the selection system. The sensitive, inaccessible degraded/over exploited areas were grouped in the protection- working circle so that regular exploitation of trees in such areas may be prevented. Grasslands were proposed to be brought under plantations. He had left a large extent of areas unallotted in his plan leaving these for future working. Because of adverse effect of Cardamom cultivation on the surrounding evergreen forest he recommended for the ban on such cultivation in forests.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 36 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
For the deciduous forests, Somaiah constituted the conversion-working circle by combining the conversion-working circle I and conversion working circle II of Mr Rangaswamy‘s plan as the objectives of these two working circles were the same. In this conversion-working circle he divided the area into periodic blocks. In the periodic block ‗C‘ he included all plantations formed till 1957 and had given prescriptions of thinning and tending operations. In periodic block (I) he proposed clear felling and planting during the plan period. In the periodic block (Unallotted) he included all the remaining areas. Part of the area from the unallotted periodic block was to be brought under conversion during the next working plan period; however for the balance area he suggested working under selection method (subsidiary coupes) adopting a felling cycle of 30 years and a minimum exploitable girth of 7 feet at breast height.
The same approach of conservation oriented management continued in the last working plan of Akbar Shah. Besides, keeping the inaccessible and sensitive areas under protection working circle he also constituted the wildlife working circle with emphasis on habitat improvement in such areas and providing various protective measures for the safety of wildlife. However subsequently these wildlife areas have been brought under the independent administrative control of wildlife subdivision for exclusive wildlife management. Under the selection working circle he adopted a felling cycle of 20 years and prescribed for limits on number and size of trees to be felled. Degraded forest areas in the reserved forests as well as in the Paisari lands were brought under the Improvement working circle. As the main objective of this working circle was to improve the growing stock, tending operations, under planting, gap planting etc. were prescribed. In addition, to maintain hygienic conditions and protect the forests from fire and pilferage, removal of dead and fallen trees was prescribed as a general treatment in one twentieth of the area coming under this category every year. For raising plantations in the forest lands and other non-forest government lands Regeneration working circle was constituted. In the Teak working circle various works like thinning of existing teak plantations, improvement works in the teak dominant areas, clear felling of unwanted growth in degraded areas to raise teak plantations and, after the rotation age, extraction and regeneration of older teak plantations areas etc., were prescribed. Bamboo was to be managed under culm selection system. For Sandalwood, removal of only dead trees followed by natural as well as artificial regeneration was recommended. Other working circles constituted under this plan were Minor Forest Produce overlapping working circle, Plantation working circle, Canes working circle and Reeds working circle.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 37 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Akbar Shah's Working Plan did not cover the deciduous areas of Devamachi and Mavkal reserved forests. These areas were covered in the working plan of old Hunsur division written by Alva for the period of 1978-79 to 2002-03. In his working plan he constituted the Teak plantation working circle in which all the older plantations which were to be felled were grouped, keeping in view the rotation age of 80 years. These areas were proposed to be replanted. In the Selection cum Improvement working circle, the degraded areas with poor regeneration were brought in. The exploitable GBH prescribed was 1.23 m subject to the condition that 100 to 150 trees should be retained after marking and gaps of more than 25 feet should not be created. Along with this, dead, dying and diseased trees should also be removed. After extraction such areas were recommended for planting with miscellaneous species. In bamboo overlapping working circle, extraction of bamboos was prescribed under culm selection system with 5 years of felling cycle. It is stated in the working plan that bamboo had flowered gregariously in these forests in 1964 and it normally flowers once in 35 to 40 years. In the Sandalwood overlapping working circle, extraction of only dead, dying and diseased trees was recommended. Some other working circles like Wildlife management working circle, Minor Forest Produce working circle etc. were also constituted.
Though Akbar Shah‘s Working Plan expired in 1996, Alva‘s plan was still in currency. However, due to the ban on felling of green trees in forests, the prescriptions of these plans were not given effect to. But a closer look at the forests worked earlier reveals that the practice of allocating all available areas for working under selection system on a general principle of limiting the number of trees per unit area without considering the stocking and distribution pattern has resulted in either depletion of the stock or overcrowding of mature trees in patches. Unfortunately the prescriptions of Somaiah's plans were also not implemented properly. The areas kept aside for protection were worked without considering the extent of operations and period of felling cycle. Records were not maintained in a manner as prescribed either in the working plan or in the code. This defective implementation of working plan caused wide spread degradation of forests and in some areas it is responsible for retrogression of the climax vegetation where changes have become irreversible.
The policy decision regarding ban on felling of green trees was primarily concerned with the Conversion working circle and the Selection working circle and not with the other working circles prescribed in the working plans. If all other prescriptions of the working
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 38 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division plans were followed strictly along with the ban on felling of green trees, the forests would have improved much better in the last fifteen years. Unfortunately the ban on green felling was used to justify all the unsystematic working in the forests. All the accessible areas, which were already burdened with a variety of adverse biotic factors, were repeatedly worked for the removal of dead and fallen trees. The selection of area for working, determining the extent to be worked or quantity to be removed was left to subordinate staff. Such adhocism and arbitrariness caused irreparable damage to regeneration in the natural forests. The present condition of forests especially in the deciduous belt is degraded. Uncontrolled grazing and repeated ground fires have caused further deterioration. No care was taken to maintain the records about the details of extraction or deviations made in a particular area as prescribed in the working plan. Thinning and other tending operations in the older teak plantations were left to the discretion of local staff.
In the failed plantations or wherever big gaps were created weeds like Lantana and Eupatorium have invaded with the result that regeneration has become almost negligible. Similar effects can be seen in case of management of other forest produce like Bamboo, Canes, Reeds, MFPs etc. As the prescriptions of the current working plan of Alva for Mavukal and Devamachai areas have not at all been followed for various reasons, it is appropriate to revise the plan as per the present government policies/guidelines so as to have a complete working plan of this newly created Virajpet division.
In the past, evergreen forests, areas were leased out for Cardamom cultivation to various people. Up to 1941, roughly 5475.56 hectares of forests were leased out for this purpose for a period of 21 years. This cultivation was earlier practiced by the method known as Plot Method, which was subsequently changed to plantation method. But in view of its adverse effect on the evergreen forests, it was recommended in the last working plan to terminate the left over leases, if any, and resume back such leased areas for restocking and with this view Cardamom cultivation in forest was to be completely eliminated. Subsequently in 1975 after the expiry of leases all these areas have been resumed back by the department. In view of this there is no need to consider this issue any more in the plan.
History of management of Sandalwood forests is very old in Coorg. As in the past, areas were reserved based on their potential for growing good timber species and occurrence of sandalwood was not a criterion in this regard. It was found that better Sandal growing areas were in Paisari lands than in reserved forests. Before 1899, Sandalwood was collected
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 39 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division through private agencies and contractors were given the target of average yield per annum, which was fixed at 110 tonnes and subsequently revised to 200 tonnes. The payment was made on the basis of rates fixed for the exploitation of per tonne of Sandalwood. Efforts were also made to raise Sandalwood plantations, the technique of which was changed to sowing of seeds during the time of Tireman with good results. From 1925 to 1930, the extraction of fixed and predetermined yield was stopped and preference was given only for the removal of dead and dying trees. Till 1930 Sandal-bearing areas were not worked under any plan or scheme. In 1930, after carrying out preliminary enumeration, a scheme was introduced. Later on, in Rangaswamy‘s working plan for the period 1940 to 1955, detailed prescriptions for the management of Sandalwood growing in various types of land and under various conditions were given. Thereafter, in view of its increased prices and consequently increased smuggling problems, the growing stock started depleting fast. This necessiated removal of only dead, dying and diseased Sandalwood in the subsequent plans.
In the recent past the working was done on the above line on the basis of the annual schemes prepared in the division. In Makut and Mudrote ranges, while salvaging dead and fallen material, mainly hardwood was extracted. The quantity of rosewood and teak salvaged was very less. There is considerable variation in the quantity of material salvaged from year to year. Some of the compartments were worked repeatedly in Thithimathi range. Besides salvaging of hardwood timber, damaged poles from plantations and firewood were also extracted. Here also, some areas were worked repeatedly without having any regard to past working. In case of teak plantations also, thinnings were not done systematically. This resulted in overcrowding of stems in many plantations. Bamboo was extracted mainly from Thithimathi and Mundrote ranges. Extraction was done departmentally and bamboos were sold to Medars and public. The working was based on the requirement and did not have any bearing with the potential of the bamboo resources in the area. As Canes were over-exploited in the past, there is no need to resume its extraction during this plan period. Though 43 kinds of minor forest produce are listed in the division, the collection of only some of them is being done presently. Except Cashew the lease for the collection of other minor forest produce is being given to Large Area Multipurpose (LAMP) Society, Thithimathi. The collection of Gulmavu chakke (bark of Machilus macarantha) and exudation of Vateria indica and Canarium strictum (black and white dammer) has caused severe damage to the trees. Similarly collection of oil from the Hardwickia pinnata trees also caused damage to them.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 40 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Therefore these items have been deleted from the list of minor forest produces to be collected in the division.
7.1.2 - The reasons for the deviation from the approved plans were: 1. Government order banning the felling of green trees in the forest. 2. Reorganisation of divisions and consequently changes in the areas of prescribed felling series. 3. Due to the change in the priorities of management in the National park and Sanctuary areas. 4. Paucity of funds and their untimely releases. 5. Number of posts remaining vacant in the division. 6. Change in the demand pattern over a period of time.
7.1.3 - Virajpet division was created in 1992 by carving out portions of old Madikeri and old Hunsur divisions. There is no working plan prepared exclusively for Virajpet division. The working plan of old Madikeri division was written by Mr. A. Akbar Shah IFS and that of old Hunsur division was written by Mr. U.T. Alva IFS. Akbar Shah‘s plan (1987-96) expired in 1996. Although Alva‘s plan was still in currency (1978-79 – 2002-03), in view of the re- organization of areas and changed circumstances its revision has been necessitated. In view of the reorganization of areas and also because of the fact that the situation prevailing prior to 1978 when Alva‘s plan was written had considerably changed, it was decided to write a plan covering the newly created Hunsur forest division and the first Working Plan of the division was written by Shri Ajai Misra for the period 2001-02 to 2010-11. Ajai Misra‘s working plan prescribed the following working circles: to achieve the objects in view and to exploit the forests without endangering their character, and also to improve their present condition.
1. Protection working circle, 2. Improvement working circle, 3. Teak plantation working circle, 4. Bamboo overlapping working circle, 5. Sandal wood overlapping working circle, 6. Minor Forest Produce working circle, and 7. Miscellaneous regulations (JFPM working circle)
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 41 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
7.2 - Review of implementation of Working Plan of Virajpet Division written by shri Ajay Misra
The area allotted to different working circles is as under:
Table – 8: Details of area allotted under different working circles Reserved Other areas Sl Name of the Non forest forest area (including private Total No working circle area in ha. in ha. lands) in ha. Protection working 1 25248.11 ------25248.11 circle Improvement 2 4777.50 ------4777.50 working circle Teak Plantation 3 2309.00 ------2309.00 working circle Bamboo overlapping 4 4695.36 82.21 --- 4779.59 working circle Sandal wood 5 overlapping working 29217.10 102589.02 69366.52 142447.64 circle Minor forest 6 produce overlapping 29217.10 10641.52 40957.33 80815.95 working circle Miscellaneous 7 regulations (JFPM --- 4348.02 --- 4348.02 working circle) Total : 36682.76
7.2.1 - Progress of implementation of the prescriptions of the working plans:
7.2.2 – Protection Working Circle : Makut and Mundrote Ranges of this Division comes under this working circle comprising of 25248.11 Ha area. No logging including removal of dead and fallen trees was permitted except salvaging of dead and fallen trees of Rosewood, White cedar and Aini found in the dry season as and when found. Gap planting/ under planting in suitable area of an extent of 10-20 ha every year both in Makut and Mundrote ranges was prescribed.
Progress of implementation : No logging including removal of dead and fallen trees was carried out during the plan period. Regeneration works like gap planting, Seed sowing, planting of mixed species, canes and bamboos were taken up. The details of regeneration works are given below.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 42 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Table – 9: Details of regeneration works taken up Sl. Name of the Year Extent Name of scheme No. Range 1 Makut 2001-02 - - 2 --―-- 2002-03 - - 3 --―-- 2003-04 - - 4 --―-- 2004-05 75.00 KFDF 5 --―-- 2005-06 - - 6 --―-- 2006-07 40.00 KSFMBC, TFC 7 --―-- 2007-08 - - 8 --―-- 2008-09 90.00 KSFMBC, TFC, KFDF 9 --―-- 2009-10 157.50 KFDF, KSFMBC 10 --―-- 2010-11 125.00 FPR&CO, DDF 11 Mundrote 2001-02 - - 12 --―-- 2002-03 34.00 Fuel & fodder 13 --―-- 2003-04 - - 14 --―-- 2004-05 50.00 KFDF 15 --―-- 2005-06 130.00 KSFMBC (Model-1) 16 --―-- 2006-07 86.47 DDF, KSFMBC (Model-1) 17 --―-- 2007-08 175.00 12th Finance & KSFMBC 18 --―-- 2008-09 225.00 TFC, KFDF, KSFMBC 19 --―-- 2009-10 180.00 KFDF, FPR&CO & KSFMBC 20 --―-- 2010-11 35.00 KSFMBC (Model-2 & 4)
7.2.3 - Improvement working circle: This working circle consistsed of forest areas of Devamachi and Mavukal reserve forests and surrounding paisary lands of Thithimathi ange. The total area under this working circle was 4777.59 ha.
Details of activities proposed and carried out:
Activities proposed:
Salvage logging followed by improvement operations was proposed in Tithimathi Series comprised of 10 blocks for 10 year felling cycle. For improvement operations gap planting/under planting, tending operations, protection or by their combination in a block of area not exceeding 100 ha. per annum were proposed. Rigid protection of the treated area from fire was prescribed.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 43 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Implementation of the prescriptions: Salvaging operations: Salvaging of dead and fallen trees has been carried out during 2001-02, 2002-03, 2006-07, 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10 depending upon the availability of funds. The details of blockwise quantity of dead and fallen timber removed are given below.
Table – 10: Details of blockwise quantity of dead and fallen timber removed
Area Quantity of Area Coup No. included in timber Revenue Year State Forest Worked /Block the working extracted in realized (Rs.) (ha) circle in ha. cum.
2001-02 Mavukal No. 1 507.50 809.052 9708624.00 507.50
2002-03 Mavukal No. 2 435.00 338.099 4395287.00 435.00
2003-04 Mavukal No. 3 400.36 Nil - Nil
2004-05 Devamachi No. 4 262.50 Nil - Nil
2005-06 Mavukal No. 5 275.00 Nil - Nil
2006-07 Mavukal No. 6 487.50 417.825 6267375.00 487.50
2007-08 Devamachi No. 7 677.50 673.598 19788182.00 677.50
2008-09 Devamachi No. 8 605.00 410.708 11599406.00 605.00
2009-10 Devamachi No. 9 460.00 537.742 21944670.00 460.00
2010-11 Mavukal No. 10 585.00 Nil - Nil
Improvement and regeneration operations: In the area salvaged during the year 2001-02 regeneration operations in the form of gap planting was carried out over 47.35 ha under DDF scheme during 2005-06. The delay was due to unavailability of funds following the year of salvaging.
As the forest is more degraded, the plan also prescribed raising of plantations with suitable local miscellaneous species wherever required up to 100 ha per block. The yearwise details of regeneration works taken up are given below.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 44 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Table 11: Regeneration/Improvement works carried out under the Improvement Working Circle in Thithimathi Range.
Village/ Compart Extent Total Extent Year Scheme Species planted Location ment No. (in ha) (in ha) Singanur 16 47.35 DDF Miscellaneous (Bhadragola) 2005-06 147.35 Singanur KSFMBC Seed dibbling of mixed 16 100.00 (Bhadragola) Model-1 species and SMC works Bhadragola 2006-07 (Mathigodu, 16 20.00 20.00 KSFMBC Mixed Singanur) Bhadragola, 16 50.00 Chennangi, 18 75.00 2007-08 250.00 KSFMBC Mixed Maldare, 19 75.00 Chennanakote 18 50.00 Devamachi 16 12.50 DDF Chennanakote 18 100.00 KSFMBC 2008-09 Bhadragola 16 120.00 417.50 --‗— Mixed Maldare 19 95.00 --―— Chennangi 18 90.00 --―— 2009-10 Devamachi 16 25.00 25.00 KSFMBC Mixed Akkimala 16 30.00 KFDF-03 2010-11 65.00 Mixed Devamachi 18 35.00 KSFMBC Chennangi 16 & 17 25.00 TFC Devamachi 16 5.00 DDF 2011-12 114.00 Mixed Chennangi 17 & 19 64.00 KFDF-03 Bhadragola 18 20.00 KFDF 2012-13 Chennangi 19 20.00 20.00 DDF Mixed TFC Devamachi 18 143.00 KFDF 2013-14 Bhadragola 18 50.00 243.00 Mixed Bamboo Chennangi 18 50.00 mission
Details of year wise plantations are given in Annexure – XIX(a).
7.2.4 - Teak Plantation Management Working Circle: This working circle consistsed of the forest areas in the Devamachi & Mavukal SF which are under teak plantations. The total area of this working circle was 2309.04 ha.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 45 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Method of treatment: As per the approved Working Plan, the thinning schedule of plantations and the realizable yield/revenue are as under.
Table 12: Realisable yield and revenue from thinning of teak plantations in Virajpet Division From 2001-02 To 2008-09. No. of As per WP No. of stems trees to Revenue Sl as per Yield Year Ext (ha) be (Rs. in lakhs) no WP retained (per Poles Timber (per ha) Poles Timber ha) (nos) (m)3
1 2000-01 176.83 6151 5214 12640 766.39 6.51 15.33
2 2001-02 169.87 4743 3750 15682 930.60 7.91 18.61 3 2002-03 184.56 6432 5321 26863 805.95 6.85 161.19 4 2003-04 253.21 5699 4733 25996 1182.43 10.05 236.48 5 2004-05 157.50 5965 4928 22005 1563.20 13.28 312.64 6 2005-06 229.90 4752 3956 29902 1397.53 11.87 279.50
7 2006-07 117.77 2929 2415 13686 1439.82 12.24 287.96
8 2007-08 64.80 1770 1450 6780 368.75 3.13 73.75
9 2008-09 78.0 2380 2060 9034 371.00 3.15 74.20
10 2009-10 ------
11 2010-11 ------
Thinning/extractions: While thinning schedules have been prescribed by the plan, no thinnings have been carried out in the division during the currency of the plan period so far. The reasons attributed for not carrying out of thinnings include:
Late approval received for the working plan: The plan period was 2001-2002 with the approval given on 16/10/2001. However, thinning schedule was given from 2000-01.
Suspension of the Working plan by the GOI during 2002-03: The working plans of Karnataka were suspended by GOI on 11/10/2002 and revoked on 4th March, 2003, vide Letter No. F.No.9-16-20002(ROHQ)
Actual no. of trees in some of the plantations were less than the number of stems to be retained after thinning.
Problem faced in identification of some of the individual plantations.
Consequently, only elephant damaged trees were removed. The details of the trees removed is as under.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 46 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Table 13: Yield realization from removal of elephant damaged poles/trees from Teak plantations, Virajpet division
Actual Removals (Elephant damaged stems) Sl Year Yield Revenue no Poles** Timber (Rs.in lakhs) from (nos) (m)3 timber and poles 1 2000-01 ------2 2001-02 ------3 2002-03 6060 --- 12.73 4 2003-04 ------5 2004-05 4056 36.686 16.54 6 2005-06 10009 127.131 53.90 7 2006-07 --- Nil ---
8 2007-08 --- Nil -- 9 2008-09 12392 168.042 95.74 10 2009-10 10218 313.168 160.71 11 2010-011 2210 33.911 34.32 12 2011-12 - - 13 2012-13 - -
The removal of elephant damaged trees was done by going over the entire area of teak plantations in each compartment. The figures have been aggregated for the entire compartment as details of extractions from individual plantations being not maintained. Consequently it is difficult to ascertain the actual removals from each plantation, to relate to the existing plant population. Hence it is advisable to make enumeration lists of elephant damaged trees individual plantation wise to enable recording of yield from each plantation.
The approved plan prescribed the thinning regime based on certain number of trees in each plantation. However, the DCF pointed out that the number of stems in plantations were less than the actual number mentioned in the Working Plan. Consequently the thinnings was not done. This may not be true in all the plantations. The problem also has been compounded due to heavy elephant damage in the forests of Devamachi and Mavukal. Consequently the
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 47 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division prescription for thinning has not been implemented leading to a set back to the objective of improving the quality of remaining stand.
Tending operations: The plan prescribed tending of plantations at least once in ten years. However, it was reported that tending operations were not carried out during the plan period so far, and also at least 10 years preceding the sanction of the plan. While no reasons were forthcoming for the non-implementation of the prescriptions, the local officials were in agreement with the need for carrying out of the tending operations to improve the quality of the remaining stands. It was suggested that a plan be prepared for taking up the tending works over the plantation areas.
Identification of plantation area: The plan prescribed to affix plantations boards for individual plantation to avoid confusion of area and its boundary. It was intimated that 50 % of the plantations had boards. The work of providing suitable boards/plates for identification of remaining teak plantations, which is yet to be done, should be taken up.
Regeneration: The plan proposed to raise fresh teak plantations in the place of failed teak plantations that are totally covered with weeds. However no such plantations were raised in the fear that the plantation wouldn‘t come due to elephant movement.
7.2.5 - Bamboo Overlapping Working Circle: This over lapping working circle consisted of forest areas of the Devamachi & Mavukal forests. The proportion of the big bamboo was more than the small bamboo. The total area under this category in these forests is 4777.59 ha
Method of treatment prescribed: It was expected that bamboo would gregariously flower during 2004-05 i.e., the plan period. Hence in view of the expected gregarious flowering of bamboo in these forests in the coming years a shorter felling cycle of three years was prescribed. This was done to facilitate in going over each of the area twice before the occurrence of flowering so that about 2/3 of the material could be removed over this period in a phased manner instead of doing the same at a time. The left over culms, required for seeding purpose, were proposed to be removed without much difficulty after the shedding of seeds. The entire area was divided into 9 felling series, with 3 coupes in each felling series, to be worked on a felling cycle of 3 years.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 48 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
In view of the expected gregarious flowering and the consequent profuse seeding, no artificial regeneration was prescribed. On the same grounds, no separate cultural operations were prescribed except for cultural operations for small bamboo on need basis.
Implementation of prescriptions: During the plan period so far, bamboo areas have not been worked at all, except removals of bamboo for meeting the demand for retail supply to medars, as ordered by the Conservator of Forests. The prescribed area and actual area worked are given below:
Table – 14: Details of green bamboo extracted from different coups Area to be worked (in ha) No. of in Felling Series Green Revenue Year Devamachi Mavukal Total (ha) bamboo (Rs.) (Big) extracted, 2000-01 Coup I --- 1565.12 - - 2001-02 --- Coup II 1565.12 320 16551.00 2002-03 Coup III --- 1565.12 860 18690.00 2003-04 --- Coup I 1565.12 980 47695.00 2004-05 Coup II --- 1565.12 1705 57787.00 2005-06 --- Coup III 1565.12 2207 53972.00 2006-07 Coup I --- 1565.12 3955 87779.00 2007-08 --- Coup II 1565.12 3985 64707.00 2008-09 Coup III --- 1565.12 3480 72537.00 2009-10 --- Coup I 1565.12 4606 - 2010-11 Coup II --- 1565.12 3321 -
Extraction of Green big bamboo has been done on a very small scale mainly from coupe I, II and III of Thithimathi Felling Series (CPT 16, 17, 18 and 19) to meet the demands of medars & locals, as sanctioned by the CF, Kodagu circle. The details of the extraction are as under: The non-working of the areas has been attributed to the following reasons:
The extraction scheduled for 2000-01 and 2001-02 could not be done due to non- existence of approved working plan and late receipt of the approval of the working plan, respectively. There was also demand from the local people to retain green bamboos for elephant for mitigating human elephant conflict in the surrounding villages.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 49 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
7.2.6 - Sandalwood overlapping working circle: This working circle consisted of the entire geographical area of the division. The total area under this working circle is 1410.48 sq km.
Method of treatment prescribed: The WC covered both forest and non-forest areas with each Range designated as a felling series, to be worked on a felling cycle of one year. Dead trees, stumps and roots of illicitly felled trees and trees with spike disease (with permission of CF) were permitted to be extracted. The plan also prescribed to raise 10 ha plantation in each of four compartments (16, 17, 18 & 19) of Thithimathi Range starting from the year 2003-04. The plan prescribed regeneration through dibbling in Improvement Working Circle areas.
Implementation of prescriptions:
Extraction: No specific extraction operations have been carried out in case of sandal wood. However, extraction of illicitly cut roots and stumps etc along with Forest Offence cases has been done. The quantity of sandalwood collected from such sources and was transported to Sandal Kote, Mysore has been given below.
Table 15 : Quantity of sandalwood transported to the Sandal Kote, Mysore
Sl. No. Year Quantity in K.G 1 2001-02 22 2 2002-03 - 3 2003-04 110 4 2004-05 - 5 2005-06 7.30 6 2006-07 21.50 7 2007-08 - 8 2008-09 - 9 2009-10 19.50 10 2010-11 65 11 2011-12 132
The available materials were removed as and when were noticed on regular basis.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 50 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
7.2.7 - Minor forest produce overlapping working circle: This working circle consistsed of all the forests and non-forest government lands coming under territorial jurisdiction of Virajpet forest division. The total area under this working circle is 80815.95 ha.
Method of treatment prescribed: The plan prescribed the continuation of the lease system of sale to the LAMPS. It prescribed diversification of activities of LAMPS through value addition activities. The Plan also prescribed a baseline survey for the assessment of various NTFPs during the plan period, to assess the sustained yield.
Implementation of prescriptions: Earlier the division was disposing NTFPs through a lease agreement with LAMPS on upset rate basis. In pursuance of the GO No. FEE 10 FDP 2001, dated 20th July, 2001, the rights for collection of the NTFP in the division have been given to the LAMPS Thithimathi, on an annual lease rent of Rs.100. Consequently the LAMPS has been collecting and disposing the MFPs. The details of the NTFPs collected by the society and the revenue are as under:
Table – 16: Details of the NTFPs collected by LAMPS Revenue to Regeneration Kind of NTFPs Revenue to the Year the Govt. fund by Collected LAMPS (Rs) (Rs.) LAMPS (Rs.) 2001-02 4133042.00 100/- ---
2002-03 3878282.00 100/- ---
2003-04 2222400.00 100/- 26370.00
2004-05 2132724.00 100/- 2835.00
2005-06 1981241.00 100/- --- Seegekayi,Honey, 2006-07 Tree Moss, 1305000.00 100/- --- Antuwala, Honey 2007-08 Wax, Soap Nut, 845960.00 100/- --- 2008-09 Cashew, Booruga 1312650.00 100/- --- Flower and 2009-10 Alalekayi 1183380.00 100/- ---
2010-11 659500.00 100/- ---
2011-12 132462.00 100/- ---
2012-13 1366041.00 100/- ---
2013-14 1255485.00 100/- ---
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 51 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
The GO also mandates that 25 % of the net profits realized by the LAMPS shall be earmarked for regeneration/improvement of the NTFP. The regeneration works are to be carried out by the LAMPS in consultation with the Forest Department. LAMPS has deposited during 2003-04 and 04-05 a sum of Rs.29205/-.
MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS
7.2.8 - JFPM activities : Under Forest Development Agency, 19 EDC‘s are formed in this Division. The details are here under.
Table – 17: Details of VFCs / EDCs Sl No Name of the Range Name of the EDCs 1 Virajpet (9) Kadanur 2 Palangala 3 Devanageri 4 Arapattu Podavada 5 Heggala 6 Betoli 7 Halugunda 8 Bilugunda 9 Mythadi 10 Ponnampet (8) Aruvathoklu 11 Halligattu 12 Mugutageri 13 Badagarakeri 14 Kuttandi 15 Rudraguppe-1 16 Kongageri 17 V. Badaga 18 Thithimathi (2) Hebbale Bhadragola 19 Chennayyanakote Chennangi
Details of Physical and Financial Achievements of EDC‘s in afforestation programme are given below:
Table – 18: Details of physical and financial targets of afforestation programme achieved
Sl No Name of the EDC Physical Financial
1 Betoli 10.68 ha 133206.00 2 Devanageri 10.00 125745.00 3 Arapattu 21.00 266519.00 4 Palangala 48.00 545986.00
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5 Heggala 43.00 518247.00 6 Kadanuru 13.00 162142.00 7 Mythadi 10.00 126164.00 8 Halugunda 11.00 137197.00 9 Bilugunda 8.00 99778.00 10 Rudraguppe I 11.00 115891.00 11 Aravathoklu 13.00 201980.00 12 Halligattu 9.00 121417.00 13 Kuttandi 8.00 103286.00 14 V Badaga 50.00 558540.00 15 Konangeri 18.00 222735.00 16 Badagara Keri 12.00 166108.00 17 Mugutageri 28.00 338741.00 18 Chennayyanakote 49.00 421608.00 19 Hebbale Bhadragola 26.00 320456.00 Total 398.68 4685746.00
Along with the plantation works List of Entry Point Activities done and the details are given in table below:
Table – 19: List of Entry Point Activities done Sl Name of the EDC Kind of Entry Point Activities No 1 Kadanur Pond de-silting 2 Palangala Open Well, Jarubandi, Arch gate, Gully checks 3 Devanageri Temple Gate Pond de-silting, Bhagavathi Temple Repair, Ganapathi 4 Arapattu Podavada Temple Repair 5 Heggala Toilet, Water Pump and Syntax Tank, Check dam 6 Betoli Temple Open Well 7 Halugunda Stone bench, Play ground, Pond de-silting 8 Bilungunda Leveling of existing school play ground, Pond de-silting 9 Mythadi Pond de-silting, Tar Road 10 Aruvathoklu Pond de-silting, Temple Arch & Cement bench 11 Halligattu Pond de silting, Arch gate 12 Mugutageri Arch Gate, Open ring well, Electricity to temple 13 Badagarakeri Open community hall 14 Kuttandi Temple Arch & Gate 15 Rudraguppe – I Temple repair 16 Konangeri Pond de silting, temple construction, Temple arch Pond de silting, Temple compound, Community hall, 17 V. Badaga Arch gate 18 Hebbale Bhadragola Arch gate, Pond de silting Chennayyanakote 19 Gully checks, Check dam & Solar lamps Chennangi
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 53 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
A brief account of work done from 2011-12 to 2013-14 is given in table - 20 form below. During this period no salvaging works were carried out. A separate working scheme for the year 2012-13 prepared and submitted by the division was sanctioned by the Central Government vide letter No: F(C.)A/11.6/18/WP/KAR dated: 01.04.2013. The details of sanctioned schemes are given in Annexure IV.
Table – 20: Details of activities carried out during 2011-12 to 2013-14
Elephant barrier Plantations Seedlings EPT (in Kms) Solar Fence (in Kms) Year raised distributed New Excavation Maintenance Maintenance (in ha) (in lakhs) installation 2011-12 1.2 13.45 7.5 3.924 194 0.503 2012-13 1.5 22.76 - 34.24 263 1.989 2013-14 2.16 29 3.55 8 816 2.57
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 54 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
CHAPTER - VIII
8.1 - STATISTICS OF STOCKING, GROWTH AND VOLUME.
8.1.1 - The statistics of the resources to be managed is the fundamental information required in assessing the potential of resources. The forest resource potential is a dynamic entity, which depends on the climatic, edaphic, physiographic, biotic and management factors. The forests found in the division vary from one place to other.
8.1.2 - INVENTORY RESULT OF NATURAL FOREST
To assess the growing stock and condition of forests, inventory with the sampling intensity of 0.01 % and 0.1% was designed for natural forests grouped under protection working circle and improvement working circle respectively. The number of sample plots and their GPS locations are given in the Annexure XVI. During the inventory various details were collected as per the Form Nos. 1 to 7. The distribution of important trees in various diameter classes and corresponding figures of per ha. number of trees, basal area and volume for different forests have been given in the AnnexuresVIII(a&b). The obverse J curve drawn from this data does not show the normal distribution of trees in the various diameter classes. Most of the trees found are in the lower diameter classes are of thorny jungle species The forest-wise per hectare number of trees, basal area, volume and per cent occurrence of species are given in the following table. Inventory results in reserved forests :
Table 21: Per ha Basal area and volume of naturally grown trees in different Reserved forests in Virajpet Division Basal Name of the Reserved Extent in CPT Vol in % of occurrence of area in Forest ha. no. cum/ha. species (>10 cm dia) sqm/ha. 3351.537 Mathi (16.6), Teak (9.27), Mavukal and and 16 17.07 86.78 Nandi (10.42), Dindal Devamachi 3740.068 (8.8), Beete (3.86) Mathi (17.74), Teak (8.56), Nandi (10.09), 17 13.21 51.07 Dindal (6.73), Beete (4.28) Mathi (10.59), Teak 18 14.22 60.67 (26.79), Beete (6.23) Mathi (14.8), Nandi 19 18.79 101.27 (22.37), Dindal (5.59),
Beete (5.92) Kerti 6480.102 29 21.56 110.25 Hasige (33.78),
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Ramapathre (4.05), Karpa (2.7), Billichoote (4.05) Hasige (24.44), Karpa 30 23.98 124.47 (6.67), Karimara (2.2),
Teak (4.44) Thadale (35.92), Neeli 31 25.82 109.21 (9.71), Nandi (1.94),
Nerale (9.71) Hasige (22.29), Bellipaini 32 29.64 148.29 (12.57), Vellipai (9.14) Hasige (13.73), Nerale 35 19.31 107.03 (13.73), Ramapathre(9.8),
Vellipai (5.88) Karichoote (10.94), Padinalknad 16776.53 36 26.07 164.04 Kalpaini (4.69), Bilichoo (3.13) Karichoote(19.35), 38 17.02 73.54 Kalpaini (9.68), Pali
(3.23) Irupa (19.77), Kartha 39 45.21 269.88 Choote (12.79), Pali
(6.98) Irapu (17.14), Karichoote (8.57), Karimara (10.00), 40 20.16 85.48 Choote (10.00), Palli
(11.43), Rampat (2.86), Jambe (4.29). Kalpaini (19.05), Choote 43 19.38 100.59 (11.9), Paali (4.76) Paali (10.00), Karpa 44 11.44 39.94 (17.5), Bellipaini (7.5),
Kumathi (12.5) Vellipain (23.68), 45 47.12 360.09 Karimara (2.63),
Chorapaini (7.89) Bellipaini (10.00), Karpa 47 46.96 204.08 (8.57), Choote (4.29) Chorapaini (2.17), Karpa 50 25.51 134.02 (2.17), Others (93.48),
Palli (2.17) Jambe (17.31), Karimara 55 15.01 71.82 (3.85), Poovam (19.23) Karpa (5.94), Karimara 56 18.57 84.72 (2.97), Others (77.23)
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 56 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Basal area in sqm/ha. 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 Basal area Basal 15 10 5 0 16 17 18 17 18 19 29 30 31 32 35 36 37 39 40 43 44 45 47 50 55 56 CPT Numbers
The main reason for low basal area in all the forests is due to heavy biotic pressure in these forests. However, in some forests viz, Maukal and Devamachi the basal area of tree species is low due to presence of bamboo. While calculating the basal area bamboo has not been taken into consideration. Invasion of weeds like Lantana and Eupatorium are also causing hindrance in the growth and natural regeneration of valuable species in these areas.
The present regeneration status of the forest that is given in Annexure VIII (d). clearly shows that the regeneration in most of the areas for important species is inadequate. This shows that there is an immediate need to take up necessary improvement measures to bring back the regeneration status to normalcy.
Density-wise assessment of forest cover was also made. The density classes were 0.4 to 0.6 and 0.60 to 0.8 in Maukal RF and Devamachi RF and 0.8 to 1.0 in Kerti RF and Padinalkadnadu RF As regards forest types, Maukal RF and Devamachi RF have primarily natural forests in the moist deciduous category with small percentage of area of these forests is under Teak plantations. The vegetation cover in Kerti RF and Padinalkunad RF is mainly evergreen. The fuel wood plantations is almost absent or merged with natural forests. The availability of dead and fallen material in the division is though limited but found in the forests. As per inventory, the approximate quantity of timber available per hectare in different forests including Devarakadus has been shown in AnnexureVIII (b).
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 57 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Inventory results in Devarakadus (Protected Forests) :
Growing stock inventory was also done in Devarakadus situated in 42 villages in 50 locations with total extent of 575.54 ha (37% area) covering Virajpet, Ponnampet and Thithimathi ranges.The distribution of important trees in various diameter classes and corresponding figures of per ha. number of trees, basal area and volume for different forests have been given in the AnnexuresVIII (b). Density varies from 0.26-0.40 to 0.6-0.8. Natural regeneration is inadequate.
90 80 70 60 50 40
Basal area Basal 30 20 10 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 Devarakadus
1. Bhagavathi 2. Badarkali 3. Bhagavathi 4. Kekolu Ayyapa Devarakadu Devarakadu Devarakadu Devarakadu 5. Ayyapa 6. Kegote Ayyapa 7. Ayyapa 8. Thomadu Devarakadu Devarakadu Devarakadu Devarakadu 9. Ayyapa 10. Ayyapa 11. Pandaithu 12. Booduayyappa Devarakadu Devarakadu Devarakadu Devarakadu 13. Ayyapa 14. Mahalaxmi 15. Ayyapa 16. Ayyapa Devarakadu Devarakadu Devarakadu Devarakadu 17. Thamara 18. Bettadappa 19. Kimani Ayyappa 20. Badarkali Devarakadu Devarakadu Devarakadu Devarakadu 21. Bhagavathi 22. Pettotu 23. Devastana 24. Balamuri Ayyappa Devarakadu Devarakadu BhagavathiD.Kadu Devarakadu 25. Kelkula 26. Ayyappa 27. Punya Bhagavathi 28. Ayyappa Devarakadu Devarakadu D.Kadu Devarakadu 29. Bhagavathi 30. Bhagavathi 31. Bodanja 32. Muthappa Devarakadu Devarakadu Devarakadu Devarakadu 33. Ayyappa 34. Badrakali 35. Subraya 36. Devarakadu Devarakadu Devarakadu Devarakadu 37. Ayyappa 38. Ayyappa 39. Ayyapa 40. Gundayat Ayyappa Devarakadu Devarakadu Devarakadu Devarakadu. 41. Ayyappa 42. Vanabadrakali 43. Kodla Ayyappa 44. Thonageri Devarakadu Ayyappa D.Kadu D.Kadu Bhagavathi Ayyappa D.Kadu 45. Ayyappa 46. Manila Ayyappa 47. Kamate Maha 48. Badarkali & Devarakadu Devarakadu D.Kadu Betekurubara Devarakadu.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 58 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
8.1.3 - Inventory results of bamboo:- During the inventory assessment was also made about the availability of Bamboo in the division. Most of the bamboos found in the division are in Maukal RF and in Devamachi RF. The dominant species is Bambusa bamboos. Availability of small bamboo in the division is limited. Assessment of bamboo was done in respect of various categories like green, green damaged, dry and dry damaged bamboos. The statement on growing stock of bamboo in different forests based on the assessment of inventory data is given in AnnexureVIII (e). The quantity of big bamboo equivalent to green sound bamboo per hectare available in Maukal RF was approximately 2565.00 tonnes. In case of DevamachiRF, the approximate quantities of big bamboo equivalent to green sound bamboo in tonnes were found to be about 9550.00 tonnes. Due to recent gregarious flowering in all the bamboo areas, the availability of green bamboo is rare. While arriving at the total yield figures, yield restriction of 50% has been imposed.
8.1.4 - Inventory results of teak plantations In case of Teak, inventory was done and parameters like basal area, mean height, volume/ha, number of trees/ha and mean annual increment in volume were assessed. The inventory results for the teak plantations are given in Annexure XVII. In case of Teak plantation, it is found that the growth of plantation was not as per the expectation after the end of the rotation period. The number of trees/ha shows that the thinning have not been carried out regularly as per the prescriptions.
8.1.5 – Overall summary of inventory results 1. In the Compartments 16,17,18 and 19 of Thithimathi range and Compartments 29,30,31,32,35,36,38,39,40,43,44,45,47,50,50,55 and 56 of Makuta and Mundrote ranges basal area and growing stock were calculated vide AnnexuresVIII (a).Obverse ‗J‘ curves were also drawn for the growing stock of these compartments vide Annexure VIII (c). The data indicate that the forests in these compartments are under stocked, as the basal area is less than the critical limit. Further distribution of number of stems in the various diameter classes is not normal. Proportion of number of stems in the lower diameter classes is far less. The number of higher diameter trees also falls rapidly as diameter increases. The trees in the middle diameter classes are more in number because of the presence of plantations and pole crop. All these shows that forests in the said compartments are degraded.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 59 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
2. On the basis of the inventory data regeneration status, density and forest type of the compartments 16,17,18,19,29,30,31,32,35,36,38,39,40,43,44,45,47,50,50,55 and 56 was assessed. The regeneration status in the compartments 16,17,18,19 is mostly inadequate. Similarly in other compartments also except compartment 45, the natural regeneration is unsatisfactory varying scanty to nil. The compartment 45, which is under evergreen type of vegetation, has better regeneration. In case of compartment 16,17,18 and 19 the canopy lies mostly between 0.26 to 0.8and the forest type is mostly moist deciduous. in case compartments 29,30,31,32,35, 36, 38, 39,40,43,44,45,47,50,50,55 and 56, canopy density varies from 0.80 to 1.0 and forest type is mostly evergreen and semi evergreen. In case of Devarakadus, natural regeneration is slightly better and canopy density lies between 0.26 to 0.8. The forest type is evergreen and moist deciduous. The results of the inventory are appended in the Annexures VIII (d).
3. The determination of quantity of dead and fallen material was made for compartments 16,17,18 and 19 where salvage logging is proposed. The dead and fallen material mostly comprised of Honne, Nandi, Dindal and Mathi. The contribution of rest of the species is assessed under the category of others. The inventory results are given in Annexures XXI.
4. Assessment was made for the availability of various minor forest produce yielding trees and their distribution in various diameter classes. Some of the MFP yielding species found in the moist deciduous / dry deciduous areas were Nelli, Thare, Muthuga, Buruga etc. It is seen that most of these trees were in the lower diameter classes.
5. From the results of the bamboo inventory it is evident that clumps found in the area have large proportion of green damaged, dry and dry damaged culms. This shows lack of proper management in the bamboo areas. Assessment of green bamboo culms on the basis of annual recruitment was also made. Most of the bamboos found in the division are big bamboo. The yield due to dry and green bamboo was calculated and its results are given in the Annexures VIII (e).
6. All the teak plantations in the division were inventoried and their condition was assessed on the basis of parameters like number of stems per ha, basal area,
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 60 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
volume per ha, mean annual increment etc. From the number of stems per ha, it is clear that plantations have not been thinned regularly in the past. Mean annual increment generally comes down as the age of the plantation increases. Site quality is found to be mostly III and IV.
8.1.6 - To study the composition and growth parameters of tropical rain forest several long- term research stations are laid in different parts of the Western Ghats in the State. Out of these, two linear tree increment (LTI) plots are in Virajpet division. Details of their location, description and results of various studies carried out in these plots are given in books titled ―Long Term Research Sites in Tropical Forests‖ and ―Productivity of Tropical Rain Forests of Karnataka‖ written by Dr. S.N.Rai. The description and other details of linear tree increment plots as referred to in these books are given here below:
1. ―Chippinahole Linear Tree Increment Plot: This linear tree increment plot was laid in block number 19 of Kerti State forest of Makut range of Coorg Forest division in the year 1937. The plot is located at 12o5‘ N Latitude and 75o42‘ E Longitude at an elevation of 200 m above mean sea level. The average annual rainfall is 5300 mm. The months November to April are practically dry. These forests can be called Dipterocarpus–Vateria type. The top canopy has Dipterocarpus indicus, Callophylum elatum, Vateria indica, Palaquium ellipticum, etc. and the understorey has Drypetes alata, Lansium anamalauyanum, Diospyros species, Garcinia indica and other species. The soil is sandy loam. The first working plan for the area, prepared in 1920, prescribed mainly selection system of felling and improvement felling. Diospyros ebenum (Ebony) was mainly removed under selection system. The second working plan came into being from 1938. The working plan prescribed mainly irregular shelter wood system and selection system. Tapping of Hardwickia pinnata trees for resin was introduced during 1946 and stopped in the year 1948. However illegal wood oil tapping from trees of Hardwickia pinnata and Dipterocarpus indicus still goes on. A rubber estate touches one end of the plot. The thickness of humus layer is less compared to Bannadapare plot. The natural regeneration of evergreen species is sparse. Cultural operations such as climber cutting have been carried out in this block. The present basal area of the plot is 37.96 sq. mts/ha. The plot is in good shape.‖
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 61 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
2. ―Bannadapare Linear Tree Increment Plot: This plot was laid in Kerti reserved forest near Arabithittu in Makut range of Coorg forest division in the year 1937. The general description of the plot is similar to the Chippenahole plot. The working plan prescriptions and working of the forest have been similar to that of Chippenahole plot except for the fact that this block was under, ―Evergreen Tending Working Circle‖ during the period 1948 to 1957. Felling was heavier than what they should have been in this working circle. Wood oil tapping from Hardwickia pinnata trees and extraction of Reeds have also been done. Regular felling was carried out from the years 1934 onwards in the block. Callopyllum tomentosum was cut heavily during the two world wars. Removal of NTFP‘s has continued. The natural regeneration of Dipterocarpus indicus and Canarium strictum is adequate. The present basal area of the plot is 41.70 sq.mts/ha. The plot is in reasonably good shape.‖
The details of the species occurring in this plot in the various stories are given in the Annexure XVIII (a).
The rate of annual diameter increment for various species in the tropical forests was also assessed in the book referred above. Among the species that were considered for study, the least annual diameter increment was for Myristica dactyloides (0.12 cm) and maximum was for Spondias acuminata (0.54 cm). For most of the other species it was around (0.30 cm). The results of the study are enclosed in the Annexure XVIII (b).
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 62 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
PART II. FUTURE MANAGEMENT DISCUSSED AND PRESCRIBED. CHAPTER I. 1.1 - BASIS OF PROPOSALS.
1.2 - Objects of Management. Forests of the division were managed in the past primarily for extraction of timber and firewood. However, after the enactment of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, promulgation of the National Forest Policy, 1988 and Hon‘ble Supreme Court order in Writ Petition 202/96, the Forest department has re-oriented its strategy of forest management from revenue oriented to conservation oriented. The forests are managed under the principles of conservation and protection with emphasis on meeting the local needs. People‘s involvement in forest management has been given more attention through Joint Forest Planning & Management (JFPM). The main objectives of forest management in the Plan are: 1. To maintain environmental stability and ecological balance and to enhance ecosystem services by protecting, preserving and enriching the existing natural forests; 2. To ensure maximum protection of soil and moisture to maintain the forest cover in good condition; 3. To maintain and improve the plantations to ensure long term sustainability of forest production; 4. To rehabilitate and increase the economic value and utility of the degraded forests; 5. Consistent with the above objectives, to ensure sustainable use of forests to meet the needs of the people, especially the rural and tribal people, living in the vicinity of forests; 6. To ensure people‘s participation and involvement in all round protection and development of forests; 7. To manage the forest land through watershed approach for enhancing ground water recharge and for improvement and regulation of hydrological regime; 8. To improve wildlife habitat and to reduce man-animal conflict and 9. To increase green cover in the division so as to mitigate the problems of global warming and climate change by progressively increasing the growing stock and carbon sequestration potential.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 63 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
1.3 -Method of treatment to be adopted.
For attaining the above objects, the following methods of treatment are prescribed: 1. Providing protection to the forest from fire, grazing and other biotic interferences; 2. Ensuring effective soil and moisture conservation in the forest areas; 3. Removal of available dead and fallen material from deciduous forests; 4. Supplementing the regeneration, where necessary, and closure of such areas from grazing; 5. Managing the plantations and bamboo forests on the principles of silviculture; 6. Improving the availability and productivity of Sandalwood trees; 7. Managing the sustainable harvest of Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP); 8. Ensuring people‘s participation in development, protection and management of forests and 9. By increasing the vegetation cover in the catchment areas of rivers and streams through plantation, soil conservation works and by strict protection.
1.4 - Constitution of Working Circles. In order to prescribe appropriate treatment to different forest areas of the division in conformity with silvicultural principles and the management objectives, six working circles are formed: 1 Protection working circle 2 Improvement working circle, 3 Teak plantations management working circle, 4 Bamboo overlapping working circle, 5 Wildlife Management overlapping working circle, 6 Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP) working circle and 7 Miscellaneous regulations: i) Consolidation of forest lands,
ii) Joint Forest Planning Management,
iii) Sandalwood Management,
iv) Farm Forestry etc.,
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 64 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
1.5 - ALLOTMENT OF AREAS TO WORKING CIRCLES.
1. Protection working circle: This working circle consists of evergreen and semi evergreen areas falling in the Makut and Mundrote ranges. Besides the reserved forests areas it also includes the paisari lands transferred to forest department and which have the similar vegetation. It covers the Canes and Reeds areas.The total area under this working circle is 26291.342 ha. 2. Improvement working circle: This working circle consists of moist and dry deciduous forests of Thithimathi range, which are not under the teak plantations. It also includes small portion of paisari lands, which are adjoining to these forests and have similar vegetation. The total area under this working circle is 4864.792 ha. 3. Teak plantation management working circle: This working circle consists of older teak plantations area in the Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests. Total extent of this working circle is 2309.04 ha. 4. Bamboo overlapping working circle: This working circle consists of moist and dry deciduous areas of Thithimathi range. It also includes a small portion of Paisari lands that are surrounding to these forests and have similar vegetation. The total area of this working circle is 4864.792 ha. 5. Wildlife Management : This working circle consists of all the reserved forests and surrounding Paisari lands transferred to forest department. Total extent under this working circle is 33465.184 ha. 6. Non-timber forest produce overlapping working circle: This working circle consists of reserved forests and surrounding paisary land of Thithimathi Range, Devarakadus of Virajpet division. The total area under this working circle 6466.429 ha. 7. Miscellaneous regulations: i) Consolidation of forest lands :
ii) Joint forest planning and management: This consists of 1830 ha plantation areas raised in forest areas coming under VFCs, 491.889 ha section-4 notified area and 1601.63 ha protected forests like Devarakadu, Ambala and Mandu. The total area under this working circle is 3923.52 ha. iii) Sandal wood Management: This working circle consists of all the forest and non-forest government lands.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 65 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
iv) Farm Forestry etc.,
The tabular statement showing the distribution of areas under various working circles is given in the following table: Table-22: Statement showing allotment of area under different working circles. (Area in hectares) Protected forest Paisari Area like lands Extent of notified Devara Sl Name of the working (transfer reserved under kadu, Total in ha. No. circle ed to forest Section- Ambala forest 4 and dept.) Mandu etc. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Protection working 23256.632 3034.71 --- 26291.342 circle 2 Improvement working 4782.562 82.23 --- 4864.792 circle 3 Teak working 2309.04 ------2309.04 circle 4 Bamboo overlapping 4782.562 82.23 --- 4864.792 working circle 5 Wildlife Management 30348.24 3116.94 - --- 33465.184 overlapping working circle 6 Non timber forest 4782.562 82.23 - 1601.637 6466.429 produce overlapping working circle 7 Joint forest planning --- 1830 491.889 1601.637 3923.52 and management working circle (Miscellaneous regulations)
Total 30348.234 3116.94 491.889 1601.637 35558.700
1.6 - Period of the Plan The validity of the plan will be for a period of ten years from 2014-15 to 2023-24.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 66 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
CHAPTER II. PROTECTION WORKING CIRCLE.
GENERAL CONSTITUTION OF THE WORKING CIRCLE.
2.1 - Rationale for the Working Circle This working circle comprises of the forest areas of Makut and Mundrote ranges. The type of vegetation in these ranges is predominantly tropical wet evergreen interspersed with semi-evergreen patches. At a few places, retrogression has set in resulting change of vegetation towards moist deciduous species and big bamboo, canes and reeds are also found in valleys and depression.
The total area under this working circle is 26291.342 ha. They are found in all 27 compartments of Makut and Mundrote ranges. In this area five main species of canes are found and they are Calamus laxmanae (Halubetta), Calamus thwaitesii or Calamus canavanus (Handi betta), Calamus pseudotenuis (Kir betta), Calamus travancoricus (Ontibetta) and Calamus flagellum (Nagarabetta) Calamus karnatakanses (Sukku betha) Calamus lassiferous (Meese betha).
Reeds are commonly found in the evergreen/semi evergreen areas along the river and stream banks depending upon the moisture availability. There are 2 types of reeds. The smaller size, which is usually of finger thickness, is called Ochlandra reedii (Neeru wate). The other species, which is slightly bigger in size and looks almost like small bamboo, is Ochlandra travancorica (Thumpu wate). In addition to these commonly found reeds (Wate) one more variety called Kalluwate is occasionally found in Shola forest.
Two Linear Tree Increment Plots (LTI) have been laid out in Kerti Reserved Forest of Makut Range in the year 1937 for the purpose of studying growth parameters of tropical rain forest. Presently these plots are being maintained and monitored by the Conservator of Forests, Research, Madikeri.
2.1.1 - As per the present government policy, evergreen and semi-evergreen forests should be afforded full protection and even the extraction and removal of dead and fallen trees is not recommended from such areas. Moreover, the forests of Makut and Mundrote ranges that receive high to very high rainfall constitute the main watersheds of a number of important rivers flowing across the area. Considering their ecological sensitiveness, it is proposed to
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 67 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division provide complete protection to these forests. The under planting/ gap planting areas in the evergreen and semi evergreen zone are to be managed under this working circle as they have become a part of the natural forest itself. The details of the plantations of miscellaneous species are given range wise in the Annexure - XIX (a). The list of compensatory plantations is given Annexure - XIX (b).
2.2 Specific Objects of Management
The main objects of management are: -
1. To protect these forests to maintain the environmental stability and restore the ecological balance wherever it has been disturbed; 2. To conserve the biological diversity; 3. To check soil erosion and denudation in the catchment areas of rivers flowing across these areas; 4. To improve the natural structure and growth to ensure long term sustainability of forest production and 5. To rehabilitate the degraded forests by providing effective protection from fire, illicit cutting etc.
2.3 Allotment of areas to the working circle
Areas coming under the Protection working circle are indicated in the following table: Table – 23: Area allotted under protection working circle Name of the forest Extent
1. Padinalknad reserved forest (Compartments 36 - 23256.632 ha*
52,55, 56 and 62) and Kerti reserved forest
(Copartments 29 to 35)
2. Surrounding Paisari lands transferred to forest 3034.71 ha. department (in evergreen and semi evergreen zone) Total : 26291.342ha.
* (The total extent of Padinalknad and Kerti reserved forests coming under the jurisdiction of Virajpet division is 23256.632 ha. This includes an extent of 8.24 ha of Teak plantations, which have failed and are now covered with natural growth.)
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 68 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
2.4 Proposed Treatment 1. No logging including removal of dead and fallen trees will be carried out in the forest areas under protection working circle.
2. No new plantations activities including soil moisture conservation will be taken up. However, plantations raised so far will be only maintained.
3. No tending, climber-cutting operations will be carried out.
4. Proper fire prevention measures will be taken so as to avoid burning of forests specially grassy blanks.
5. Other protection measures like anti-smuggling camp/ anti-poaching camps, wireless network etc. in the area is to be strengthened to ensure effective control over smuggling/poaching activities. It is prescribed to maintain seven anti-poaching/ anti- smuggling camps in Makut and Mundrote Ranges. The details of their locations are given in Annexure XXIX (c).
6. The growth parameters of two Linear Tree Increment Plots (LTI) should be procured from the research wing and records should be updated during the plan period.
7. The old concrete pillars / cairns will be maintained and new ones will be fixed along the RF boundaries of private land and along the Kerala state boundary. The details are given in Annexure XXXV (a).
8. No collection of NTFP will be allowed with the exception of cases as per provision under Forest Right Act.
2.5 Statistics of Growth
In case of Makut and Mundrote ranges where the forests are mostly evergreen or semi evergreen, condition of forests is relatively better. The growth parameter of basal area (m2/ha) and volume (m3/ha) were also determined. The results in Compartments 29,30,31, 32,35, 36, 38, 39,40,43,44,45,47,50,50,55 and 56 of Kerti and Padinalknad reserved forests are given in the Annexures VIII.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 69 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
CHAPTER III. IMPROVEMENT WORKING CIRCLE.
GENERAL CONSTITUTION OF THE WORKING CIRCLE.
3.1 Rationale for the Working Circle This working circle comprises of the Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests of Thithimathi range excluding the teak plantations raised therein. The forests are of moist deciduous and dry deciduous types. Analysis of the inventory data pertaining to these forests has indicated poor growing stock, lower basal area and unsatisfactory regeneration status. Hence it is proposed not to take up felling of green trees. The under planting/gap planting areas in these deciduous forests are to be managed under this working circle as they have become the part of natural forest itself. The details of the plantations of the miscellaneous species are given in Annexure- XIX (a). Removal of dead and fallen trees followed by regeneration has been prescribed in the Improvement working circle.
3.2 Specific Objects of Management
The main objects of management are: -- 1. To maintain environmental stability through preservation and restoration of ecological balance; 2. To conserve natural flora and fauna; 3. To check soil erosion and denudation in the catchment areas of rivers flowing across these forests; 4. To maintain or improve natural forest structure and growth in non-degraded areas to ensure long term sustainability of forest production; 5. To increase the productivity of natural forests and to make degraded forest areas productive and 6. Consistent with the above objectives, to ensure sustainable use of forests to meet the needs of the people.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 70 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
3.3 Allotment of area to the working circle
Areas under the Improvement working circle are indicated in the following table:
Table – 24: Area allotted under improvement working circle
Name of the forest Extent 1. Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests 4782.562 ha* (Compartments – 16,17,18 & 19) 2. Surrounding Paisari lands transferred to forest department 82.23 ha. (in the moist and dry deciduous zone) Total : 4864.792 ha.
* (The total extent of Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests is 7091.605 ha. Out of this, an extent of 2309.04 ha of area having Teak plantations has been included in the Teak plantation working circle.)
3.4 Cycle of Salvage logging and Division of area:
For the purpose of salvage logging, Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests of Thithimathi range (excluding Teak plantation areas) have been included in the proposed Thithimathi improvement series. This improvement series is divided into ten blocks as marked in the 1: 50,000 topo sheet map. Each of these blocks is taken as annual coupe. The word annual coupe as referred here is only annual improvement area which is the part of the beat. Rotation cycle in the felling series is ten years. As the extent of paisari land is very small, it is included in the adjoining blocks for the purpose of annual coupe and no separate improvement series is proposed for it.
3.5 Rules for marking and extraction:
1. At the start of the operations the coupe boundary should be demarcated and fire traced. Trees standing on the coupe boundary should be clearly demarcated and listed. 2. Only dead and fallen trees should be marked. The Deputy Conservator of Forests should inspect the area and he should check marking. 3. Marking should be done well in advance and extraction should be completed before March of the financial year. 4. Salvage logging will be done in 10 year cycle.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 71 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
5. No new roads should be formed and the existing old extraction paths should be used for carting the material.
3.6 Improvement Operations
As already indicated, the felling cycle is 10 years. The total extent of Teak plantations in Thithimathi range is about 2309.04 Ha. The block area (excluding Teak plantation), that is taken as a coupe, after the removal of dead and fallen material, will be taken up for improvement operations. The annual coupes (improvement blocks) coming under this felling series have been marked on 1:50000 topo sheet and a tabular statement showing the area of each block is given in Table-below.
Table – 25(a): Division of improvement series into blocks for Salvage logging
Name of the Annual working for Salvaging Sl. Name of the improvement COUP Year CPT No. Extent in No. range series No. ha. 1 Thithimathi Mavukal and 1 2014-15 16 675.65 Devamachi 2 2015-16 17/1 402.00 3 2016-17 17/2 402.27 4 2017-18 17/3 402.00 5 2018-19 18/1 500.00 6 2019-20 18/2 578.065 7 2020-21 19/1 455.00 8 2021-22 19/2 455.00 9 2022-23 19/3 455.00 10 2023-24 19/4 457.58 Total 4782.565
Table – 25(b): Division of improvement series into blocks for improvement operations
Name of the Annual working for improvement operations Sl. Name of the improvement COUP Year CPT No. Extent in No. range series No. ha. 1 Thithimathi Mavukal and 1 2015-16 16 675.65 Devamachi 2 2016-17 17/1 402.00 3 2017-18 17/2 402.27 4 2018-19 17/3 402.00 5 2019-20 18/1 500.00 6 2020-21 18/2 578.065 7 2021-22 19/1 455.00 8 2022-23 19/2 455.00 9 2023-24 19/3 455.00 10 2024-25 19/4 457.58 Total 4782.565
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 72 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
As the forest is more degraded, the improvement operations will also include raising of plantations wherever required. On an average 100 ha gap planting under Supplemental planting model will be done every year in the improvement block. About ten SMC trenches of size 5m x 1m x 1m should be dug. Under this model, gap planting upto 400 plants/ha including about 50 plants with local suitable species on mounds of SMC trenches will be planted.
For this purpose, areas requiring any treatment in the block should be identified and marked on the block or coupe map. For carrying out the improvement operation, area should be effectively fenced by using either brushwood or barbed wire fencing in such a way that fencing may be extended if required in the subsequent years when improvement operations progress in the various blocks in the beat. Grazing will not be permitted in such areas for a minimum period of 10 years. All the advance work should be completed before the onset of monsoon by aligning the area at the suitable espacement depending upon the gaps but in any case plant to plant distance should not be less than 5 meters. In case the patches are covered with weeds, the same may be cleared and burnt or where the gaps are bigger alignment at the regular espacement of 5m x 5m may be done. Selection of species should be done to suit the local requirement. For example in case of hadlus (swampy land) species, which can tolerate water logging like bamboo, holematti, mango, neralu etc. should be chosen. Similarly in other cases suitable local miscellaneous species like sandal, rosewood, mathi, kindal, honne, tare, nelli, ippe, shivane, nandi, nerale etc. may be chosen. More emphasis also should be given for planting rare, endangered and threatened species (RET species) depending upon the locality. One to two years old tall and healthy seedlings of miscellaneous species raised in 8‖X12‖ poly bags should be used for planting. Unless the gaps are of clear patches of more than 10 ha in extent, fast growing species should not be attempted. Bamboo found within the treatment area may be managed as per the prescriptions given in the Bamboo overlapping working circle. All planting works should be completed by the end of June. Protection measures need to be strengthened effectively, as damages due to the wild animals are quite common in the area. If necessary, thorn fencing for individual plants may be done. After 10 years condition of the forest need to be reassessed and further operations/treatment as required may be planned accordingly. Rigid protection of the treatment area from fire is a must. For this fire lines around the area and even criss-cross fire lines within the area may be maintained. All the re-clearing and fire tracing work should be completed by the end of December.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 73 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
3.7 - Watershed Management & Soil and Moisture Conservation Out of total annual precipitation, only a portion of it percolates and reaches the groundwater aquifers, while the major portion drains out as run-off and goes unused. Even- though, forests have little effect on regional or global precipitation, but they strongly influence the fate of precipitation on a watershed. Most forests soils are extremely pervious which readily absorb rainfall and reduce surface run-off. Instead, water infiltrates stability to the watershed, holding stream banks and soils in place yielding lower and is either stored or moves through subsurface pathways in its journey to stream channels or groundwater. During extended wet periods, significant groundwater recharge can occur from forest soils. Even though, forests can not prevent major floods but they can mitigate flooding from moderate rainfall in watershed. Thus forests provides greater hydrological stream flow per unit of rainfall than other vegetative cover types. Forest also reduces the sedimentation in reservoir. The healthy forests in watershed can provide clean and safe water. Forests watersheds generally offer higher quality water than watersheds under alternative land uses.
To improve the rainwater infiltration capacity forests catchment area has to be treated properly providing with different inputs including suitable soil and moisture conservation measures. The Range Forest Officer and Assistant Conservator of Forests, will prepare the site specific plan (SSP) with treatment map with other necessary details which will be carefully scrutinized by the Deputy Conservator of Forests. If required the Deputy Conservator of Forests will make field visit and will submit the SSP to Conservator of Forests for approval. A guess estimate of hydrological contribution of forests in Virajpet division is given in Annexure-XX.
3.8 – Calculation of Yield From the inventory results the availability of dead and fallen material was assessed in the Compartments 16,17,18 and 19. In the Annexure XXI the information given about the dead and fallen trees pertains to the trees actually found in the forests in the inventory area and it is in no way an indication of prescribed girth for salvaging of these species. The dead and fallen material will be identified only on the basis of its actual availability and it will be classified as timber or firewood as per the existing norms and it will be salvaged strictly as per the rules for marking and salvaging given in this circle. Though the assessment of damaged and abnormal trees was also made but as their numbers are not much and the removal of these green trees may lead to creation of big gaps, they were not recommended for removal. The yield has not been fixed as such but only will be incidental to the improvement operations as given above.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 74 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
CHAPTER IV. TEAK PLANTATION WORKING CIRCLE.
4.1 - GENERAL CONSTITUTION OF THE WORKING CIRCLE.
This working circle consists of mainly the teak plantation areas in compartments 16,17,18 and 19 of Mavukal and Devamachi reserved forests of Thithimathi range. Total area under this working circle is 2309.04 ha. The oldest teak plantation existing in the division is of 1909. As per the Champion and Seth classification of the forest type, these forests fall under the category of teak forests (C1B) and site quality is mostly III and IV.
4.2 - SPECIFIC OBJECTS OF MANAGEMENT. Main objects of the working circle are: Intensive management of existing teak plantations. Improving the quality of stand.
4.3 - EXPLOITABLE GIRTH AND ROTATION.
Before the reorganization of the States in 1956, the Mavukal and Devamachi reserved forests of Thithimathi range were part of old Coorg province. Prior to Alva‘s plan (1978-79 to 2002-03) of old Hunsur division, these areas were being managed under Somaiah‘s working plan (1957-72) where the rotation of 100 years as prescribed in the earlier plans was continued. Somaiah also concluded by the data collected during the preparation of his plan and during the earlier plan of Brand that, while the exploitable girth of 6 feet can be attained between 100 to 105 years in case of plantations, to attain this girth in natural forests 130 years are required. Krishanaswamy who wrote the working plan of the adjoining forests of old Mysore State had fixed the rotation of 104 years and exploitable girth of 4 ½ feet, based on the statistics collected by him. But Alva, on the basis of the data collected by him, prescribed the exploitable girth at 1.65 m and rotation age of 80 years as he found that the girth increment is appreciable upto this age and it stagnates thereafter. It is however to be noted that though the girth increment stagnates after 80 years yet the tree continues to grow with the same increment till mean annual increment culminates. In order to fix the exploitable girth limit for other species M.R.S Pearson‘s record for Kalinadhi high forests has been taken as the guide. In general it is observed that the growth rate reduces with the age of the crop. Further it is also evident from the Pearson‘s table that after attaining the age of 120 years, there is a reduction of annual increment in all species except rosewood which continues to
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 75 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division put on an appreciable growth up to the age of 120 years the fall in the annual growth is to tune of 44% and this is the age at which the rotation is to be fixed and harvested for maximum revenue. Besides this in view of increased biotic interference and general degradation of the forest areas it is considered appropriate to fix a longer rotation period. During the inventory work the growth pattern of older plantations was assessed. From the statistics of age versus diameter and age versus height, it is found that the growth of Teak trees was less than what was expected by Alva in his plan.
If we take into account the concept of silvicultural rotation for the scientific management of forests, the rotation of 120 years appears to be correct. This rotation is also nearer to the silvicultural rotation of teak in natural forests. Hence it is proposed to fix the rotation of Teak at 120 years.
4.4 - THINNING.
In the past, thinnings were prescribed in the teak plantations by taking into account the average site quality class of the area. In Somaiah‘s plan six thinnings were prescribed at the age of 6th, 12th, 20th, 28th, 38th and 50th year. All the thinnings were selective in nature and by the end of final thinnings at the age of 50th year total number of stems to be retained were between 175 to 190 per ha. But in Alva‘s plan (1978-79 to 2002-03) only five thinnings were prescribed. The first two thinnings were mechanical cum silvicultural and other three were silvicultural thinning. Though the number of trees to be retained after the final thinning as prescribed in Alva‘s plan is more, the same is being adopted in the present plan as the excess number of stems will compensate towards damages caused by wild elephants, which is quite common in this area. The details of the thinnings regime recommended are given below: - 1. First mechanical cum silvicultural thinning at the 6th year by retaining about 1300 – 1400 trees by marking the stems silviculturally in the alternative diagonals. 2. Second mechanical cum silvicultural thinning at the12th year by retaining about 700 – 800 trees by marking the trees silviculturally in the alternate lines. 3. First silviculture thinning at the 18th year (leaving about 500 to 600 trees /ha). 4. Second silviculture thinning at the 30th year (leaving about 400 trees /ha). 5. Third silvicultural thinning at the 50th year (leaving about 250 to 300 trees /ha). 6. An elite thinning at the age of 80th year (leaving about 150 trees/ha) 7. Elephant damaged teak trees may be extracted every year.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 76 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Importance is given to retain a definite number of trees after the thinnings. This is to ensure that any subsequent variation in the number of trees in the plantation at the time of thinning should not result in excess thinning of plantation.
The prescriptions laid down above should be followed in all the teak plantations where regular thinnings have been carried out in the past. But in case the thinning regime as given in the previous plan has not been followed in the past it is not desirable to reduce the number of stems as per these prescriptions at one stroke as such action may cause opening of canopy and consequently invasion of weeds and also make the stand susceptible to wind damage. In such cases, gradual reduction of excess number of stems during the next thinnings or over a period of time will be desirable. Modified thinnings in such plantations are proposed from this point of view. In case if more number of trees are found in certain pockets of the same plantation where overall number of trees per ha. is less in that case desirable number of trees may be felled to remove the congestion after verification and marked by the Deputy Conservator of Forests and Chief Conservator of Forests. Care should be taken so that sufficient number of trees per ha. is retained to fulfill the requirement of prescribed thinning regime for the particular closely spaced trees. The thinning schedule worked out on the above principles is given in the Annexure XXII (a to e).
The list of all the teak plantations raised in the division is given in the Annexure XVII. Eighteen teak plantations with a total extent of 399.52 ha. have been prescribed for thinning during the entire plan period.
4.5 - AREA ALLOTTED TO THE WORKING CIRCLE.
The compartment wise area under the Teak plantation is given in the following table. Table – 26: Area allotted under teak plantation working circle Area of Area under Sl. Compt. Compt. in teak plantation Name of the RF Remarks No. No. ha in ha 1 16 1004.40 328.75 Mavukal RF 334.13 ha area of this CPT falling in Arkeri RF is deleted. 2 17 2062.40 856.13 Part of Mavukal and Devamachi RF 3 18 1732.005 653.94 Part of Mavukal and Devamachi RF 4 19 2292.80 470.22 Devamachi RF Total : 7091.605 2309.04
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 77 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
4.6 - THINNING MARKINGS.
Marking of trees for thinning is an important work and should be attended by a trained RFO and should be inspected 100% by the ACF and at least 25% by DCF also. This work becomes more important because thinning proposed are either mechanical cum silvicultural or sulvicultural. Thinning marking should be completed after rains and before the end of December when the crown is still green. Any tending operation required in the plantations should be completed before marking is started to facilitate clear view and easy accessibility in the plantations. While marking, care should be taken so that the prescribed number of sound and well growing stems that are to be retained are distributed evenly over the plantation area. As during the preparation of this plan individual plantations have not been surveyed the total extent as given in the records has been taken to show the area under a particular plantation. But in many cases it is observed that the existing plantation areas are less than the area, what it is given in the record. Therefore it is essential to first survey the plantation and identify its boundaries before taking up the thinning markings.
Grading of poles: Teak poles obtained from thinning should be cut at the ends with saw and classified as per the following standard classification before putting up for auction sale- Sl no Length Class 1. Ist class Over 6 meters in length 2. IInd Class Over 4 meters in length 3. III rd class Over 2 meters and upto 4 meters in Length
Sl no Girth Class (butt end) 1. Class (a) over 40 Cms and upto 65 Cms. 2. Class (b) Over 20 cms and Upto 40 Cms
The thinned material having girth less than 20 Cm may be treated as Ballis or may be sold as such. Teak stems having girth more than 65 cms may be classified as timber.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 78 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
4.7 -MANAGEMENT OF PARTIALLY FAILED TEAK PLANTATIONS.
Partially failed teak plantation areas having large number of naturally grown trees of species like Mathi, Nandi, Beete, Kindal etc. are proposed to be managed as natural stand. Some tending operations if required at subsequent stage may be considered as per the opinion of Deputy Conservator of Forests after his inspection. The rotation age prescribed for the teak plantations will not have any bearing for the management of these areas.
In case of failed Teak plantations that are totally covered with weeds, it is proposed to raise fresh Teak plantation after clearing and burning the existing weed growth. As the extent of such areas is not large, it proposed to tackle them in the first half of the plan period by planting them with teak seedlings raised in polythene bags through pre sprouted stumps. For raising the teak stumps good quality of teak seeds should be got collected from the plus trees. The seeds so collected should be treated by the method of alternately soaking them in the cowdung slurry and then drying up for three weeks. Teak beds of size 12m x 1.20m should be prepared before the rainy season starts. The treated seeds should be sown in the standard teak beds in rainy season. The stumps should be prepared by selecting the healthy seedlings during the month of March and April. From these stumps, seedlings should be raised in the polythene bags of 6” x 9” size over a period of one month in staggering manner. The details of Nursery techniques are not elaborated as these practices are already been standardised by the department. Pits of the size 30 Cms X 30 Cms X 30 Cms in 2mtr x 2mtr spacing should be got dug by the end of the November as a part of advance work. After refilling of earth by the end of May, planting work should be commenced soon after the on set of monsoon and should be completed by the end of June. All the post planting and subsequent maintenance operations should be carried out as per the standards practices. Plantations should be effectively fenced to protect it from grazing or damage due to wild animals. The potential of diffused regenerations in the forest blanks in the form of plantations as proposed in the past also did not show promising because of frequent damages due to wild elephants. In view of this the concentrated artificial regeneration or assisted natural regeneration as proposed elsewhere in this plan has to be carried out by taking these limitation into account with suitable species and with more intensive management practices. Sincere efforts may be made to raise 10 ha. teak plantations every year in Tithimathi range after uprooting and removing of invasive species like Lantana and Eupatorium. In the previous Working Plan, after the third silvicultural thinning of teak plantations, under planting with bamboo was prescribed. But in view of the damage caused by the wild
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 79 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division elephants and cattle it is better not to take up such operations. Plantations of teak with bamboo should also be avoided.
4.8 TENDING.
Some of the older Teak plantations require tending operations like climber cutting, cleaning of unwanted under growth, trimming of copice growth, removal of Loranthus etc. These operations are to be organized in such a way that each plantation is tended at least once in ten years. While carrying out tending operations, the younger plantations are to be tended first. The dead and fallen, elephant damaged trees may be removed. The strict marking and other procedures must be carried out as mentioned in para 4.6.
4.9 IDENTIFICATION OF PLANTATION AREA.
Most of the teak plantations do not have any name boards about their identification or for other details. To avoid any confusion over the plantation boundary and its extent it is necessary to affix/erect boards at the prominent places around these plantations. Once such boards are fixed the Beat Guard will have full responsibility to maintain the same. This work has to be completed by the year 2016-17.
4.10 - STATISTICS OF YIELD
During the preparation of this plan, the Teak plantations in the Division were inventoried and results of the inventory are given in the Annexure XVII. The figures of approximate yield under this working circle are given in the following table (as per the quantity assessed from the inventory results without applying the yield restriction of 50%; however the form factor of 0.4 has been taken while calculating the timber yield from 1st part of the tree)
Table – 27: Approximate yield of timber and firewood Approximate yield (in Approximate yield Sl no Year cum) from timber portion of firewood 1 2014-15 - - 2 2015-16 234.96 352.44 3 2016-17 161.75 242.63 4 2017-18 245.10 367.66 5 2018-19 186.49 279.73 6 2019-20 292.45 438.58 7 2020-21 307.10 460.65 8 2021-22 158.94 238.41 9 2022-23 185.75 278.62 10 2023-24 165.93 248.91 Total 1938.47 2907.63
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 80 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
CHAPTER V.
BAMBOO OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE.
5.1 - GENERAL CONSTITUTION OF THE WORKING CIRCLE.
This is an overlapping working circle comprising of compartment numbers 16,17,18 and 19 of Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests in Thithimathi range. The main species is Bambusa bamboos and is mostly found as an associate species in the moist deciduous forests of the region. It is more prominient along the streams and valleys. Dendrocalamus strictus is also found as undergrowth here and there. Bamboo is also found in the compartment numbers 55 and 56 of Padinalknad reserved forests of Mundrote range as an associate of semi- evergreen forests tending to moist deciduous type on account of biotic factors. These two compartments have already been included in the Protection working circle and no felling including extraction and removal of bamboo is contemplated. Limited number of bamboo also exists in some devarakadus in the division.
Ecologically bamboo is a pioneer species which can grow profusely wherever the canopy of moist and dry deciduous forests is open up. It is also a good soil binder and soil builder.
Bamboo plays an important role in the socio - economic life of the rural population and in the cottage industries of the state. As the availability of bamboo is mostly restricted to the Western Ghats and its transition areas, supplies from these areas are made to other parts of the State also. Though Bamboo is an important raw material for the paper industry no supply is being made from Virajpet division. In the past, gregarious flowering of bamboo in Thithimathi range occurred in 1965 – 1966 and in Makut and Mundrote ranges, in 1974. Recently gregarious flowering of Dowga bamboo has already taken place in the forest areas of the division during the year 2010-11 and 2011-12. It resulted in large increase in standing dead culms which exceeded leaf litter fall decomposed more slowly. Mostly all the clumps of bamboo has died and dried up.As a result the forest has become extremely fire prone. In view of this, the primary importance is to take up adequate fire prevention measures to ensure good regeneration of the species from the seeds fallen on the forest floor. As the normal flowering cycle of Bambusa bamboos is 40 – 45 years, the next gregarious flowering of the species is expected around 2050 – 2055 in the division. As common practice 50% of the mature green bamboo should be harvested just before the occurance of gregarious flowering to reduce sudden accumulation of huge quantity of inflammable dry materials after flowering.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 81 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Small bamboos, which are found as growth under in some of the above areas are not worth extraction as these are frequently damaged by cattle and wild elephants and have stunted growth.
5.2 - OBJECTS OF MANAGEMENT.
The main objective of management of the working circle is establishment of good natural regeneration of bamboo and consolidation of the bamboo forests of the division. This will lead to habitat improvement for wildlife mainly wild elephants. In addition to that due to its fast growing nature with strong and extensive root system it will prevent soil erosion, land degradation and will contribute to major carbon emission reduction.
Another important objective is to ensure sustained supply of bamboo to various users consistent with the principles of sustained use of forests giving priority to rural population, local artisans and to the cottage industries.
Bamboo is a very important resource with respect to the revenue earning capacity especially in JFPM villages. Therefore, added objective is to sustain the income level of Village Forest Committees by revenue sharing. This will also help in increasing the productivity of bamboo forests by taking up intensive cultural operations and protection with the participation of the Village Forest Committees.
The strategy to achieve the above objectives is by strict protection of the area for 10 years till the new crop attains harvestable stage. Thereafter regular extraction of bamboos for supplying to the medars may be done retaining sufficient numbers of clumps for the elephants for fodder.
5.3 - METHOD OF TREATMENT In view of the peculiar situation of gregarious flowering of big bamboos that has taken place in the forests of the division, the prescriptions given for the management of a normal bamboo growing forest will not apply till a new crop regenerates, establishes and is available for harvest in accordance with the silvicultural principles.Bamboo regeneration normally takes 10-15 years to establish itself. As complete flowering of big bamboos that has already taken place in the division, the dead and dry bamboos are in different stages of decomposition. Therefore it is not cost-effectiveto extract the dead material.It is also silviculturally not proper to extract dry bamboo at present juncture. The areasneed to be given maximum protection from fire and grazing by cattle for a minimum period of 10 years to ensure establishment of good regeneration.Early fire tracing is a must and if required some
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 82 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division more internal fire lines may be made.Heavy climber growth hampering the bamboo regeneration has to be cut back and removed. Care has to be taken open bamboo regenerating area is not invaded by invasive weeds like Lantana and Eupatarium spp.
Even after establishment of regeneration, the bamboo forests will need to be protected from fire and grazing on a continuous basis.No new path to be formed. These special protection measures have to be followed till new clumps are established.If adequate protection is provided to the bamboo growing areas of the division, it is expected that regular harvest of bamboo can start from 2025-2026.
5.4 - FELLING CYCLE.
The minimum age at which culm is exploitable and age of full maturity of culm determine the length of felling cycle. The minimum age of exploitation is two years and age of full maturity of a culm is about 5 – 6 years. Smaller felling cycle may result in over exploitation of clumps whereas longer felling cycles result in over crowding of clumps. But in view of the prevailing biotic and edaphic conditions, this system has not been found suitable in the area. In the culm selection system under the normal condition as prescribed in the previous working plan (for Thithimathi range), a felling cycle of 5 years would have been appropriate. In the normal course bamboo can be exploited within 10-15 years from the time of germination under effective protection measures. Therefore the chances of availability of exploitable size of bamboo during this plan period is remote. It is expected that bamboo may be available for harvesting from 2025 onwards. The following felling cycle may be followed in future. Table- 28: Felling schedule for working in different years
Coupe Years. No. 1 2025-26 2030-31 2 2026-27 2031-32 3 2027-28 2032-33 4 2028-29 2033-34 5 2029-30 2034-35
5.5 - ALLOTMENT OF AREA TO THE WORKING CIRCLE.
Compartments 16,17,18 and 19 of Thithimathi Range where bamboo is found as a mix crop has been included in the Bamboo overlapping working circle. Details of area are
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 83 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division given in the table-33 below.The area details and extent are same as in the case of Improvement Working Circle. Table – 29: Area allotted under bamboo overlapping working circle
Area where bamboo occurs Name of the Reserved Forest Compartment Number as mix crop 1. Mavukal and Devamachi 16,17,18 and 19 4782.565 ha reserved forests 2. Surrounding Paisari lands 82.230 ha. transferred to forest department. Total : 4864.792 ha. (The area of Arkeri Reserved forest falling in Compartment No. 16 has been excluded)
5.6 - REGENERATION.
Since gregarious flowering has taken place recently in all the bamboo areas the following activities have been prescribed for regeneration during the plan period. 1) The area will be strictly protected from fire and grazing by engaging adequate numbers of watchers and by involving local community. 2) In areas where natural bamboo regeneration is insufficient, limited extent of planting (20 ha to 25 ha) may be done preferably mixing with other potential bamboo species like Burma bamboo, Bamboosa tulda etc. This will aid in species diversity and also help to have bamboo availability continuously irrespective of occurance of gregarious flowering in otherareas. 3) Soil working around the clumps to an extent of 100 ha per year will be done covering atleast 50 clumps per ha. Seeds of leguminous plants should be sown in the loosen soil around the clumps. This activity is suggested to be done from the year 2018-19 on onwards. 4) Climber growth hampering in natural regeration of bamboo will be cut and removed.
5.7 - STATISTICS OF GROWTH AND YIELD.
For collection of data of growth and yield, inventory was designed with the sampling intensity of 0.1 % and data was processed. Total area under bamboo, clumps per ha, culms per ha, and yield from green damaged, dry and dry damaged bamboo were calculated (Annexure XXIII). It was observed that proportion of green damaged, dry and dry damaged bamboos in the clumps was high. Yield from green sound bamboo (from annual recruitment)
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was also calculated but it has flowered subsequently and dried up. Therefore, yield due to green bamboo will be only incidental and not the main object of the working circle. The following correlation factors of Forest Survey of India were used for various categories of culms to find out equivalent green weight of the green damaged, dry and dry damaged bamboo: Dry sound culm - ½ green sound culm Dry damaged culm - ¼ green sound culm Green damaged culm - ½ green sound culm Decayed culm - 0
Regarding the weight, 50 big bamboos or 250 small bamboos are taken to weigh one ton. The approximate yield of different category of bamboo is given in table below.
Table – 30: Approximate yield of green and dry bamboo. Approximate yield of * Approximate yield of Sl CPT green sound culm over Name of the State forest Kind dry bamboo no. No. two seasons old Total nos. Tonnes Total nos. Tonnes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Mavukal and Devamachi 17 Big 43384 867.68 80570 1611.40 2 18 Big 18170 363.40 162803 3256.00 3 19 Big 108059 2161.18 349467 6989.00 Total : 169613 3392.26 592840 11856.40 50 % of yield 84806 1696 296420 5928
* The approximate yield of dry bamboo is based on the growing stock assessment on availability of dry sound culm and dry damaged culms during the inventory done in the year 2010-11.
In no way, this yield should be treated as prescribed yield. There is no green bamboo availablein the division nowfor extraction. Even the extraction of dry bamboo in the present scenario is not economic.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 85 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
CHAPTER VI
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE
6.1 –This is an overlapping working circle comprising of reserved forest and surrounding Paisari lands transferred to forest department. Total area under this working circle is 33465.184 ha.In Virajpet division, the types of forests vary from evergreen to dry deciduous and wildlife can be seen in all these forest areas. Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests are confined to Makut and Mundrote ranges whereas deciduous forests are found in Thithimathi range. In Mundrote and Makut ranges, the forest is a continuous stretch of evergreen and semi-evergreen vegetation with two wildlife sanctuaries adjoining to it. These are Bhrahmagiri and Talakaveri wildlife sanctuaries. The animals have vast area for their movement and usually do not come out of the forests. Hence in these areas man-animal conflict is very rare.
6.2 - Thithimathi and Ponnampet ranges are surrounded by Nagarahole national park (Rajiv gandhi national park) which covers and area of 643.39 sq.kms. The park comprises mixed forests, teak plantations and scrub jungle. It is rich in bio diversity both in terms of flora and fauna. The movement of animals from the national park to the adjoining areas of Virajpet division is very common. Among the important mammals found in the National Park are Asian or Indian elephant (Elephas maximus), Tiger (Panthera tigris), Leopard (Panthera pardus), Wild dog (Cuonalpinus), Sambar (Cervus unicolor), Chital (Axis axis), Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjac), Wild boar (Sus scotei). In view of this, it is necessary to ensure that all forestry operations are carried out in these forest areas in such a manner as to contribute to the improvement of the natural habitat conducive to wildlife preservation. The invasive weeds like Lantana, Eupatorium etc which do not form part of elephant food should be eradicated. Indigenous species that are preferred by the elephants should be planted. Steps should be taken to augment and conserve the water resource. De-silting and deepening of tanks should be undertaken. Intensive protection measures against smuggling and poaching should be taken. Since gregarious flowering has taken place in this forest area, strict control of fire and grazing is to be ensured for proper regeneration of bamboo for next 5 years. Immunization of the domestic cattle should be done to halt the spread of any epidemic among the wildlife. The villagers and tribal people living in and around forest areas should be organized to form village forest committees (VFC)/ eco development committees (EDC) for the protection and conservation of forest and wildlife. Collection of NTFPs should be through
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 86 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division the local Large Area Multipurpose society and any method of collection that has a detrimental effect on the habitat of the forests should be strictly avoided. Efforts should be made to change the cropping pattern in the adjoining private land through persuasive methods preferably to adopt wildlife friendly crops like tubers, climbers and valuable tree species instead of agricultural crops. The protective staff should be equipped with sufficient arms, ammunition and wireless equipment for effective communication.
6.3 -In these areas the coffee estates and other agricultural lands are adjoining to the forest area. During nighttime, the animals try to move out of the forests to enter into the coffee estates and other agricultural lands in search of water and food. During the summer season, because of water scarcity, movement of elephants out side the forests especially in the western part of Thithimathi range is quite common. The intermittent coffee plantations and narrow corridors have resulted in man-animal conflict. Though steps have been taken in Hunsur wild life division to dig elephant proof trenches bordering Thithimathi range and erecting solar fence around Brahmagiri wildlife sanctuary to an extent of 5 kilometers, the problems of man-animal conflict have not been reduced. The measures like permanent elephant scaring camps, regular maintenance of elephant proof trenches/solar fence in the vulnerable areas are necessary to reduce man-animal conflict. In special cases, translocation of rouge elephants may also be considered. The solar fence that has been erected between Maldare to Devamachi villages needs to be maintained effectively. Prompt and timely payment of ex-gratia will help in earning goodwill amongst the local people who in turn would participate in conservation and preservation of wildlife. The details of the ex-gratia payment made for loss of life/permanent disability and for crop damage/cattle kill are given in the Annexure XXVI.
6.4 - The details of natural and unnatural death cases of wild elephants in Virajpet Division from 2001-02 to 2011-12 is given in Annexure XXVII (a) and (b). Priority should therefore be given to excavation of elephant proof trenches all along the outer boundary of forests to check the entry of the wild animals, especially elephants, in the adjoining crop lands and other areas of human habitation. Already a stretch of 35.50 Km Elephants Proof Trenches (EPTs) and 78.135 Km solar fence have been made along the forest boundary touching villages shown in Map. The details of EPT dug and solar fencing erected are given in Annexure XXVIII. The digging of EPT may be continued till the entire stretch human elephant conflict zone is covered. This EPT has to be maintained periodically at least every
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3rd year to make it effective. The damage points of EPT along the periphery of forests through which elephants commonly gain entry into the private lands should be identified and immediate steps should be taken to repair the EPT in those locations. Such points should also be marked on the beat maps. The concerned local beat guard should ensure that trenches so dug remain effective. The outer side of the mounds formed should be planted with Agave, Euphorbia species etc. and the inner sides with bamboo at close spacing in two rows so as to make it impenetrable. This will help in bringing down the incidence of crop damage, loss of life etc. in the surrounding areas and thereby significantly reduce man-animal conflict. This will also save substantial amount of money, which is presently being spent towards the payment of compensation for loss of crop and other damages. Solar fencing should be erected if necessary in the high human elephant conflict zone. Wherever EPT and solar fencing are not effective, special structures like erection of spike pillars, construction of rubble stone walls etc should be done. Deepening of EPT by blasting of rocks should be done on need based basis.
6.5 - For the purpose of improvement of wildlife habitat and to mitigate the human elephant conflict a comprehensive action plan program covering all the important required activities has been proposed and the details are given in Annexure XXIX (a to f).
6.6 - A set of guidelines issued by the Chief Wildlife Warden, Karnataka for General management of wildlife in forest areas outside the Protected Area Network are given below:- 1. Eco –restoration of the habits by way of moderating the pressure of human demands and allowing the nature to heal the scars of over exploitation of the habitats including replacement of exotic species of plants which do not form part of wildlife food, with indigenous forest species for enrichment of habitat; 2. Habitat manipulation and better preservation of bio-tope including plantations of trees and fodder species fire protection, prevention of erosion and denudation, removal of unwanted species of flora and protection from floods; 3. Augmentation of water supply, facilities for ponds, dams, wells and for transportation of water and pumping of water; 4. Census of wildlife in reserves by aerial and / ground survey, enumeration / survey and status of wild animals;
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5. Construction works of roads and buildings for patrolling, supervision research and accommodation of staff concerned with the development and management of wildlife services to be located close to the wildlife rich areas; 6. Enrichment of the natural habitats through development of cover, water resources, salt licks, soil and water conservation etc., wherever necessary; 7. Direct measures to mitigate man-beast conflict: May include creation of barriers depredations control squads, early warning systems etc; 8. Indirect measures to mitigate man animal conflicts: Development of pasture lands and woodlands on available community lands and Government lands outside the wildlife habitats, establishment of alternate systems to meet sustenance need of forest-dependent human populations, popularization of Non-Conventional Energy systems, changes in Socio-economic practices which lead to intensification of conflict with wildlife; 9. Compensation for depredation by wild animals; 10. Assistance should be provided for constitution of awards, for exemplary work to the subordinate staff. Awards would be confined to subordinate staff up to the level of Asst. Conservator of Forests whereas certificate/citation/medals could be given to the officers above the rank of Assistant Conservator of Forests; 11. Adoption of alternative schemes, such as crop insurance system; 12. Ecological restoration of critical elephant migration corridors and routes; 13. Capture and translocation of problem populations of elephants, translocation and / elimination of established rouge elephants crop degrading wild boars; 14. Immunization of cattle in fringe of elephant reserves; 15. Setting up well equipped squads at strategic points to help the villagers in chasing away wild elephants; 16. Erecting electric fences at strategic places; 17. Demarcation and Consolidation of corridors by procuring land (if approved by Government of India); 18. Capturing of elephant (If approved by Government of India); 19. Publicity and awareness program in and around wildlife habitat; 20. Research/monitoring works and ; 21. Eco-tourism in these areas has an indirect effect of affording protection to Wildlife and hence it could be encouraged; Control and records: The records on seasonal movement of elephants and their migratory behavior should be maintained.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 89 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
CHAPTER VII. NON TIMBER FOREST PRODUCES OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE.
7.1 - GENERAL CONSTITUTION OF THE WORKING CIRCLE.
This overlapping working circle consists of Mavukal and Devamachi reserved forest, and some extent of surrounding paisari land which has been transferred to forest department. It also includes Deverakadus which are protected areas. Makut and Mundrote ranges have evergreen and semi-evergreen types of forests. The local populations, mostly non-tribals, do not depend on the minor forest produce found in the nearby forests. It is only in the moist and dry deciduous forest zone of Thithimathi range where the tribals among the local communities have a stake in the management of minor forest produce. There are thirteen tribal colonies in and around Mavukal and Devamachi reserved forests. So far Hakku Patras for 292.685 acres of forest land have been given to 237 such tribal families under the Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 and Rules 2008 as shown in Annexure-XLIX (a&b). These families depend for their livelihood partly on cultivation and partly on collection of minor forest produce. They also earn good wages by working in the surrounding coffee estates.There is also a Large Area Multipurpose Society (LAMPS) in the area based at Thithimathi with a tribal person as its President and RFO Thithimathi is one of the members. The LAMPS either through its members or through the other tribals living in and around these forests in the division, collects or markets various minor forest produces.
7.2 - SPECIFIC OBJECTS OF MANAGEMENT.
In view of the changes in the policies, unrestricted harvesting of minor forest produce and realizing higher revenue are no longer the important objectives of management; instead, the emphasis is on conservation and people‘s participation in the management of these resources. Following are the special objectives in this working circle:
1. To ensure sustainable use of forests by streamlining the collection of non-timber forest produce on scientific basis compatible with sound silvicultural principles to maintain its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of the present and future generation. 2. To involve the local people, especially the tribal communities living in and around the forest areas and also in the VFC areasin the sustainable management of resources.
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3. To motivate and train the forest dependent communities in protection, improvement, harvesting and disposal of non-timber forest produces including non destructive collection, processing and marketing of value added products.
7.3 - ALLOTMENT OF AREA.
The total area under these working circle is 6466.429 ha as indicated in the table below. Table – 31(a): Area allotted under NTFP overlapping working circle Name of the forest Extent 1. Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests 4782.562 ha* (Compartments – 16,17,18 & 19) 2. Surrounding Paisari lands transferred to forest department 82.23 ha. (in the moist and dry deciduous zone) 3. Devarakadus, Ambala and Mandu (protected forests) 1601.637 ha. Total : 6466.429 ha.
Though several minor forest produces are available in these forests all of them can not be permitted for exploitation. The main reason for this is to prevent any injury or damage to `the trees. The species which are either ecologically endangered or have endemic distribution also need to be protected from any exploitation. The important naturally occurring Non Timber Forest Produces available in the division are listed below:
Table 31 (b): Naturally occurring NTFPs 1. Seege kai (Fruits of Acacia concinna). 11. False Rampathre (Fruits and seeds of Myristica 2. Vate huli (Fruits of Artocarpus lakucha). beddomi). 3. Tree moss. 12. Ramphatre (Fruits and seeds of Myristica fragrans). 4. Honey. 13. Bhootha rudrakshi (Fruits and seeds of Elaeocarpus 5. Bee wax. tuberculatus). 6. Nellikai (Fruits of Emblica officinalis). 14. Fruits of Garcina Morella and Garcina gummigutata. 7. Dhupa (Exudation of Vateria indica) 15. Exudates of Kingiodendron pinnatum. 8. Pannerale (Fruits of Syzygium jamboos). 16. Exudates of Canarium strictum. 9. Kotte Hannuu (Fruits of Zizyphus 17. Bark of Gulmavu (Persia macarantha). rugosa). 18. Bark of Nothapodytes foetida.
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10. Rakthamara (Fruits and seeds of Knema 19. Pods of Sterculia alata. attenuata). 20. The Cilmber Concnium fenstratum.
With the coming of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 and the distribution of ―Community rights‖ generally covering the right to collect NTFP in forest areas. It is important that items of NTFP that are being collected are listed and prescribed for collection. Thus the following are the details and prescriptions for NTFPs collection. 1) Fruits of Syzygium jamboos: Trees of S.jambos (Pannerale) occur quite frequency in the evergreen forests of Virajpet division. This is actually a small tree nature to South East Asis. It has yellow or reddish fruits, which are hollow and taste like apple. Collection of this NTFP may be allowed subject to the conditions that branches are not broken in harvest and that more than two third of the fruits on any tree are not removed. 2) Fruits of Zizyphus rugosa (Kotte Hannu): This tree is quite locally abundant in the grass lands abutting evergreen patches. It gives white or pinkish fruits which are not very sweet, but are considered of more medicinal value than other Zizyphus. Collection of the fruits may be allowed with the same condtion as that for S.Jambos. 3) Fruits and seeds of Knema attenuate (Rakthamara), Myristica beddomi (False Rampathre) and Myristra fragrans (Rampathre): Collection of this NTFP is done, more off record in a clandestine way, than overtly. The species if found in the evergreen forests of Virajpet, but the species needs to be conserved. It shoud either be not allowed for being, collected. If at all it is needed, some collection may be allowed but not with a frequency of more than once in three years. 4) Fruits and seeds of Pseudo Rudraksh: Trees of Elaeocarpus tuberculatus (Bhootha rudrakshi), E.serratus and E.pblongus give seeds which resemble the real rudraksh (E.ganitrus). Whereas E.tuberculatus is found commonly in the evergreen forests of Virajpet division, the other species are infrequent to rare. Hence it is prescribed that collection of E.tuberculatus be allowed but that of all other species of the genus not be done. 5) Fruits of Emblica officinalis (Nellikai): The species is seen manly in the drier parts of the division. The fruits rich in vitamin C are in demand for its various uses, including medicinal. Fruits may be allowed to be collected with the restriction as in case of S.Jambos.
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6) Fruits Artocarpus lakoocha (Vate huli): The trees of this species are frequently found in the semi evergreen areas of the division. The species needs a bit of conservation. It may be permitted to be collected with the same restriction as in case of S.Jambos, but only in alternate years. 7) Fruits of Garcina Morella and Garcina gummigutata: The trees of thses species are found in the evergreen areas, but are not very frequent. It may be conserved as in the case of Knema and Myristica dealt with above.
The extraction of the following items is completely prohibited is any area- 1) Exudates (white damer and black damer) of Vateria indica and Canarium strictumand oil fromKingiodendron pinnaturn. 2) The bark of Persia macarantha (Gulmavu) and that of Nothapodytes foetida (that gives on anti cancer drug valued highly to the market). 3) Any item that would qualify to be called a ―wildlife article‖ in the Wildlife Protection Act 1972. 4) The pods of Sterculia alata. 5) The Climber Coscnium fenstratum. To avoid overexploitation,the use of NTFP should be in such a manner and at such rate that does not lead to the long time decline of biological diversity.The concerned Range Forest Officer and his staff will closely supervise all works of collection and ensure that there is neither any violation of lease agreement nor damage to any trees.
7.4 - METHOD OF SALE.
As per the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 and Rules 2008 and Amendment Rules, 2012the forest dwelling tribes living in and around the forests will be allowed to collect, use and dispose off NTFP which has been traditionally collected within or outside village boundaries. The committee constituted under Grama Sabha has to prepare conservation and management plan for community forest resources in order to sustainably and equitably manage such community forest resources for the benefit of forest dwelling Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers and integrate such conservation management plan with the working plan of the forest department after Forest Dwellers rights on such resources are recognized.
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Presentaly, biannual lease is being taken by the Large Area Multipurpose Co- operative Society (LAMPS), Thithimathi.The LAMPS makes its request to the Deputy Conservator of Forests, Virajpet for renewal of biannual lease for collection of specified NTFPs. The LAMPS will enter into an agreement with the forest department for the purpose with the conditions as envisaged in the Government Order No: FEE 10 FDP 2001 dated : 20.07.2001. The DCF will insist that only 50% of the NTFPs will be allowed to collect by the LAMPS so that sufficient NTFPs are left behind for perpetutation of the species and to meet the dietary needs of the wildlife. This agreement will exclude the JFPM areas. In JFPM areas, the LAMPS will not be allowed to collect NTFP. In such cases, the NTFP will be collected by the VFCs and the sale proceed will be shared between the VFCs and the Government as per the prevailing Government order. As the procedure being followed in the division is in conformity with the current policy of the Government, the same may be continued in future also. The LAMPS has to improve the facilities for storage, transport, value addition, marketing etc. so that the society may earn more remunerative prices from the NTFPs collected and marketed by it.
In Mundrote range 30 ha rubber plantations and 56 ha cashew plantations were raised in compartment No: 55 during the period from 1967 to 1970 and from 1980 to 1982 respectively. An extent of 29.42 ha cashew plantation was raised during the period from 1936 to 1956. All these plantations will be left to merge with the natural forest due to their diminishing yield.
7.5 - GENERAL MEASURES.
1. No NTFPs will be allowed to collect from the areas alloted under protection working circle with the exception of the cases provided under Forest Right Act. 2. The collection of NTFPs should be done in a systematic, scientific and controlled manner. Non destructive methods of extraction have to be followed. Therefore there should be proper supervision at the field level to avoid any harm to the trees. The responsibility to the proper compliance of agreement conditions will be with the Range Forest Officer concerned. In case of any violation of agreement conditions, he should report the matter to the Deputy Conservator of Forests for taking penal action against the society/contractor. 3. It will be the responsibility of the LAMP society to ensure that during summer season the local tribals engaged in the collection of NTFPs do not set fire to the forests to facilitate
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 94 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
collection of any item and that they extend all co-operation to the local staff to keep the forests free from fire. In the interest of sustainability of forest and wildlife, the sensitive areas having the problem of over-exploitation, smuggling, poaching, fire etc. may be ordered for closure. 4. The Deputy Conservator of Forests should ensure that LAMP society/VFCs etc.,submit regular monthly returns of the quantity of NTFP collected and disposed off. This information will give an idea about the correct potential of particular non timber forest produce in the division. 5. The restricted items found during the routine perambulation of the staff should be sent to the concerned Range Forest Officer for safe custody. Range Forest Officer in turn will give regular report in this regard to Deputy Conservator of Forests. 6. In case the seeds of any species included in the list of non timber forest produces are required for departmental purpose, the society/contractor will have to supply the same to the Department on priority as per the rates fixed by the Silviculturist, Madikeri. 7. The LAMP Society has to comply all the conditions cited in the prevailing government order and also the agreement. 8. The Deputy Conservator of Forests should sensitize the LAMPS and the tribal community through awareness program regarding method of collection, the time of harvesting, its grading, storage and value addition for economically important species for sustainable management. The DCF should develop a good practice guide for sustainable harvesting, grading, effective storing and value addition. The tribal community and the VFCs need to workout and agree on sustainable harvesting methods as a collective enterprise. 9. The Deputy Conservator of Forests should verify the present status of the NTFP yielding species in the division by special studies and if he finds that, specific NTFP species comes under RET status in the division should stop harvesting of such species.
The details of NTFP tree species recorded during the inventory work in RFs and Devarakadus have been given in Annexure XXIV.
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CHAPTER - VIII MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS 8.1 - Forest lands consolidation and Management The pressure on forest land for encroachment is growing day by day. The single biggest challenge before the Forest Department is to effectively consolidate and manage the forest lands. The forest lands of Virajpet Division have got the same problem. Highest priority should be given on the consolidation of forest land for the following reasons : a. Growing encroachments of forest lands b. Imperfect or non-existent legal titles to the forest lands c. Delays in settlement and notification of the lands notified under Section 4 of KFA, 1963. d. Lack of effective approach to tackle the ‗other lands‘ i.e., the lands under the control of Forest Department. As per the CF Working Plan, Mysore office record, 179.75 Km, 10.5 Km and 75 Km boundaries were surveyed and demarcated during the year 2003-04, 2004-05 and 2007-08 in the division. 8.1.1 - Growing encroachments of forest lands: It is due to lack of knowledge of correct boundary and limits of forest areas amongst the staff; lack of maintenance of boundaries in a manner that dissuades encroachments while clearly highlighting the actual boundaries; lack of adequate numbers of frontline staff; Growing apathy of officials towards regular perambulation of boundaries; lack of clear titles to the land parcels. 8.1.2 - Imperfect and/or non-existent legal titles to the lands: Lack of clear property rights on the forest lands by the Forest Department is a great obstacle to the work of consolidation of forests. It is reported that, 100 percent mutation in revenue records have taken place for the reserved forests while mutation has yet to be done for Section 4 notified area and other category of forest lands. It also needs investigation whether the titles in revenue records in respect of mutated lands indicate correct mutation or only in column 11 (i.e., the custodian) instead of column 9 (i.e., owner). 8.1.3 - Delays in settlement of forests: Seventeen areas have been notified under section 4 of KFA, 1963 and one area has been notified under Section 4 of Mysore Forest Act XI of 1900. However, the settlement process has not started in most of the cases. In most cases even the mandatory proclamations under Section 5 – that prevent any alienation of the land
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 96 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division by the revenue authorities - have not been issued, leading to possibility of encroachment as well as creation of rights on such lands in favour of private individuals. Non posting of the Forest Settlement officers and the apathy or the workload of the Sub-divisional Revenue officers who are designated as the FSOs is hampering the settlement process.
8.1.4 - Lack of effective approach to tackle the ‘other lands’ i.e., the lands under the control of Forest Department: The division has other land tenures like Paisari, Uruduve, Devarakadu, Jamamalai etc. In some such areas, plantations have been raised. However, the legal status of such lands still continue to be with the revenue department and not yet mutated in favour of the forest department. In this context, it becomes imperative to prioritise the consolidation of forest lands as a major item of forest management with the following objectives. 1. To consolidate the physical and tenurial status of notified forest lands in the divisions; 2. To consolidate the physical and tenurial status of other lands under the control of the Forest Department and; 3. To put in place a mechanism for regular monitoring and consolidation of all forest lands leading to better protection and conservation of forest lands ;
8.2 - Suggested Management Approach Following strategies are suggested for effective consolidation and management of these forest lands. Survey and demarcation immediately on a war footing. This should be done on the basis of revenue land record system; Survey and maintenance at every 10 years interval should be done. Already existing cairns / boundary pillars should be maintained and additional new cairns / boundary pillars should be fixed along the forest boundary abuting to private land and Kerala state boundary as shown in Annexure – XXXV (a); Immediate action to get the tenure status appropriately depicted in the revenue records. It is necessary to integrate the forest tenurial status in Bhoomi database. The Revenue Department should be moved to issue separate ‗Khatas‘ in case of forest lands. Such a move will enable locking the tenure status of forest lands in the ‗Bhoomi‘ Master databases, preventing any malpractice of granting of forest lands by the Revenue Department.
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In several forests, some survey numbers are partly included in the forest area. In such areas ‗phodi‘ of the forest lands should be done to clearly reflect the boundaries of the forest land on the revenue maps. Since this work of survey of Government lands has been taken up by the Commissioner, Survey Settlement and Land Records, opportunity should be taken to discuss with Commissioner, to get the ‗phodi‘ of the forest land survey numbers done immediately. Maps clearly showing the boundary of the forest lands on the revenue map should be provided to the frontline staff to enable understanding of the boundaries. Considering the ‗real estate‘ value of these lands and consequent possibilities of encroachment, it is important to provide physical barriers (such as walls etc) to demarcate the forest boundaries at least in respect of forests located in the peri-urban areas in other areas also erection of permanent boundary pillars should be fixed. It is necessary to consolidate devarakadus by digging CPT. Lack of appropriate signage is a distinct feature along the boundaries of most of the forest areas. The provisions of the Forest Manual and Forest Code in this regard have been given complete go by, swept away by the juggernaut of implementation of externally aided forestry projects. Provision of appropriate signage at every entrance to the forest is the first step towards providing awareness and consequently deterrence of intrusion into forest lands. The sign boards should show the details of notification, extent, rough boundary sketch and other important features. Maintenance of records in respect of notified forest lands is to be done properly. The existing mechanisms of office inspection by the superior officers, which are expected to provide appropriate checks and balances should be in full spirit. While most of the above suggestions hold true in case of Section 4 notified areas too, certain specific suggestions are considered in order: o Need for resurvey of some of the areas, as the maps drawn up during the initial survey and preparation of draft notification, do not correspond to the village maps and do not help in correctly locating the boundaries of the lands. The quality of the draft boundary notifications in terms of their ability to be translated into closing polygons on village maps is poor in most of the cases. This is essentially due to lack of proper referencing of boundary description vis-à-vis permanent land marks such as geographical features, village survey numbers. Etc. There is need for a serious relook on this.
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o Need for recorrection or reissue of the draft notification correcting anomalies in some of the areas if any, regarding the village survey numbers and/or extents of the area notified. o Hastening the process of settlement through constant interaction with the Revenue Officials. Unless this is monitored on a continuous basis by all the implementing and supervising officers, progress in settlement is likely to be nil. Section 4 proposed areas: There is also a category of lands which have been proposed for notification under section 4. In respect of such lands, the following approach is suggested: o Resurvey of the areas and preparation of fresh maps on revenue village basis indicating the actual status; o Notification of the same; o Pursuance of the settlement process and o Physical consolidation of the boundary.
Other lands under the custody of Forest Department o Preparation of inventory o Physical verification of the inventory and the present status, including tenurial status o Consolidation in terms of tenure status and on the ground
Maintenance of records o Maintenance of RF registers o Maintenance of registers of plantations o Creation and maintenance of register of lands under the control of the Forest Department
After the survey and demarcation of the forest, the encroachments have to be removed immediately and the areas should be consolidated with digging CPT, EPT, barbed wire fencing etc., depending upon the situation. The details of encroachment is given in Annexure XXV (a) to (c) and Annexure XLX (a) to (c).
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8.3 – Sandalwood Management
During the inventory for preparation of this plan, occurrence of sandalwood trees have not been noticed in any sample plots of reserved forests as well as in devarakadus. Sandalwood plantations have not been raised in the division.
Only few young sandalwood saplings have been observed during the field inventory in scattered places specially on the EPT mounds in Thithimathi range. In the past, better sandalwood growing trees were in paisari lands than in reserved forest. Therefore, a separate working circle for sandalwood management has not been made in this present plan. Sandalwood seedlings should be planted along with other local species in gap planting prescribed under improvement working circle.
Prior to 2001, all sandalwood trees, including those growing on private lands, were considered as Government property as per the Karnataka Forest Act, 1963 and Karnataka Forest Rules, 1969. Extraction, transportation and trading of sandalwood were done by the Forest Department. Private individuals were paid bonus and not the actual value of the sandalwood extracted from their land. In order to encourage private individuals to grow sandalwood trees in their lands, the Karnataka Forest Act, 1963 and Karnataka Forest Rules, 1969 were amended during 2001 and 2002 conferring ownership rights of sandalwood trees growing on private lands to the land owners. Trading of sandalwood has been liberalized and the farmers can sell the sandalwood to the Karnataka Forest Department or to the Karnataka Handicrafts Development Corporation Limited (KHDCL) or to the Karnataka Soaps and Detergents Limited (KSDL) after taking felling and transportation permission from the Forest Department. If farmers opt to send the sandalwood to Government sandalwood depots, they are paid as per prevailing market rates after deducting conversion charges. The KHDCL and KSDL are permitted to purchase the sandalwood from the owner at prices negotiated by them with the owner. In order to encourage the PSUs and other organizations to protect the sandalwood trees growing in their lands/ premises, these organizations are treated as owners and they can claim monetary benefit at the time of harvesting the sandalwood trees growing in their lands.
The main objective of management will be i) to encourage sandal regeneration in the forest areas and ii) to encourage the farmers and other private individuals and organizations to grow sandalwood in private land providing quality seedlings and technical support.
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8.3.1 – Prescriptions: 1. A suitable block of 50 ha in Compartment No: 18 of Devamachi Reserved Forests in Thithimathi range will be identified for developing in to sandal estate by artificial planting. The area will be protected by erecting chain link mesh / solar fence. 2. Gap planting of sandalwood seedlings along with other miscellaneous species should be done in the improvement blocks every year. 3. Sandalwood seedlings should be raised for public distribution in Thithimathi range. 4. Only dead and fallen trees may be allowed to extract from the forest and other government lands under the custody of forest department. 5. Other regulations will be as per the provisions of the existing Forest Act and Rules.
GROWING CONDITION & REGENERATION:
Sandal (Santalum album L. or East Indian Sandalwood) is a small evergreen tree attaining a height of 12-13 meters with slender drooping as well as erect branching. It is quite hardy, can grow in dry and degraded lands and over a variety of soils. Sandalwood tree is a hermi root parasite. It can parasitize over 300 species from grass to another sandal plant. Under gregarious growing conditions, self-parasitism is common. Sandalwood establishes haustorial connections with the host plants and depends on them for its requirement of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It can obtain other nutrients on its own. Seedlings are found to survive without a host for 3 years but thereafter they tend to die. In a natural population 2 percent of seedlings do not produce haustoria, and they fail to survive on their own beyond three years of age.
Nursery Techniques : Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore has standardlized nursery practices to raise quality seedlings of sandalwood. Sandal fruits, fresh from the tree or fallen on the ground are collected during April-May and October-November from known superior populations and are depulped by soaking in water and rubbing off the pulp on rough surface. Seeds are dried under shade and stored in polythene bags. To hasten germination, seeds are soaked overnight in 0.05% gibberellic acid (500 parts per million) solution for 16 hrs before sowing in
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 101 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division germination beds. Seed beds of size 10mx1m are prepared with sieved sand : red earth in the ratio 2:1. Nematicides in the form of Ekalux or Thimet at 500g per bed is mixed with soil, 4 kg (400 g seeds/ sq.m). Seeds are then spread uniformy over the bed covered with 2 cms of sand and mulched with straw. The straw is removed once leaves appear. To prevent fungal infections, beds are sprayed with 0.25% Diathene M-45 solution once in 15 days. Ekalux solution (0.02%) sprayed once in a month prevents nematode attack. Beds are watered once or twice day depending on the climatic conditions. Under semicontrolled conditions (mist chamber/ green house/ shade house) pure sand in trays can be used as a germination medium, following prophylactic measures cited above. Seed sowing should be carried out in the month of December-January so that plantable seedlings are ready by subsequent monsoon period.
Seedlings are transplanted at two-leaf stage in containers (root trainers/ polybags). Root trainers (270cc to 600cc) with potting media consisting of sand, soil, compost in the ratio of 40:10:50 or sand, soil, compost, rice husk and characoal in the ratio of 25:15:50:5:5 sieved by 6x6 holes/sq.inch is best for raising quality seedlings of sandal. Polyvags (600cc to 1500cc) can be used with potting media consisting of sand, soil and farm yard manure or compost in the ratio of 2:1:1 for production of sandal seedling in six months.
Nutritional enrichment of potting media by adding neem cake and SSP and application of slow release fertilizers or periodic spray of nutrients boost the growth of seedlings. Traditionally, Cajans cajan is used as primary host for sandal. However, Mimosa pudica has been found to be better in terms of growth of sandalwood seedlings. To further improve the growth of seedlings and for better survival, combined application of biofertilizers Glomus fasiculatum and G.mossae is recommended. As a prophylactic measure Diathene/Bavastin (0.25%) and Ekalux (0.02%) solutions are sprayed at monthly intervals.
Field Planting : Healthy sandal seedlings having a height of about 25 to 30cm and collar diameter approximately 3.0mm are planted in pits of 50 cm3 size with an espacement of 4m x 4m at the onest of monsoon. Miscellaneous secondary forestry species are planted in separate pits in a quincunx pattern. Some of the species which have proved as good hosts for sandal are casuarina equisetifolia, Acacia nilotica, Pongamia pinnata, Cassia siamea, Albizia lebbeck and Wrightia tinctoria.
Thithimathi range is adjoining to Nagarahole Tiger Reserve due to which movement of wild animals is very common. Therefore for successful establishment of plantation, 2 to 3
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 102 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division feet tall healthy seedlings raised in 8”x12” woven bags along with the primary host (Mimuosa pudica) should be planted in pits of 0.50m x 0.50m x 0.50m size. As sencondary host Albizia lebbeck/ Pongamia pinnata may be planted in separate pits in a quincunx pattern. Farm yard manual @ 1m3 for 40 plants should be applied as basal dose at the time of planting to the sandal seedlings. The area should be protected by chainlink fencing or solar fence to avoid damage from elephant. The details of activities to be taken up under sandal management are given in Annexure XXXII.
8.4 – Joint Forest Planning and Management
The Government of Karnataka had, vide Order No. AHFF 232 FAP 86 dated 12-4-1993, issued guidelines for the joint forest planning and management (JFPM) programme in order to rehabilitate degraded forests (with density less than 0.25) with the active involvement and participation of the local community on benefit sharing basis.
As most of the forest areas in the division fall in the category of more than 0.25 density,the scope of forming VFCs in the division is limited. However, under the framework and guidelines of JFPM, there is tremendous scope to protect, conserve and consolidate sacred groves existing in Virajpet division. These sacred groves are repositories of endemic flora and have a high conservation value (Boraiah et al,). There are 25 medicinal tree species of rare, endangered and threatened category present in these sacred groves (Kushalappa and Bhagavat 2001). In addition to that, there is a scope to improve and conserve degraded areas adjoining to forest enclosures. As per the above Govt. orders. 19 EDCs and 12 Village Forest Committees have been formed in the Division under various projects/schemes such as JBIC, KSFMBC and NAP-FDA covering an area of 1830.00 ha.
Under the JFPM, both afforestation and entry point activities have been taken up in the VFCs / EDCs. Entry point activities such as desilting of tanks, digging of open well, construction of jarubandi, repairing of temple, construction of temple compound etc., IG activities such as assisting in dairy activity, piggery activity and opening of garment shop were taken up.
8.4.1 - Specific objects of Management 1. To involve the local people in planning, protection, regeneration development and management of degraded forest areas on a sustainable basis; 2. To protect, conserve and consolidate devarakadus and other government lands;
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3. To encourage sharing of the responsibilities as well as benefits due to the joint forest planning and management between the Forest department and the local people; 4. To improve the livelihood conditions of people living in the forest fringe villages; 5. To prevent encroachment, forest fires, illicit felling, smuggling of forest produce and poaching of wild animals and to regulate grazing and to perform such other functions which are helpful to develop forest resources.
No separate prescription has been made for the management of forest area coming under this working circle. Depending upon in which working circle this parcel of forest land has been originally included, the prescriptions given to that particular working circle would be applicable. Whenever and wherever VFCs have enough funds under VFD fund, option may be given to the VFCs to raise valuable plantations like NTFP.
Each village forest committee has a separate approved management plan. All the forest areas included in the management plan will be taken up for managements as per the prescriptions given under corresponding working circle. The sharing of usufructs and sale proceed of forest produces has to be done as per prevailing government order. The NTFP collection from the JFPM areas should be done by the concerned VFCs and the sale proceeds should be shared by the VFCs and Govt. as per prevailing Govt. order. In case of devarakadus, the sharing of forest produce between the government and the temple committee should be done as per prevailing government order.
Presently, 06 VFCs are found to be active. Special measures have to be taken to revive the other VFCs and also the EDCs for sustainability during the period of this plan.
8.4.2 - Prescription: 1) VFC/EDC and KFD to prepare joint Management plan for the areas identified for the purpose. 2) VFC/EDC & KFD to conduct planning, protection, conservation and development of degraded forest areas and other Government wastelands included in the Joint Management plan. 3) Both VFC/EDC & KFD to perform its duties and responsibilities as per MOU and Joint Management Plan and play an important role in the Management of JFPM areas.
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4) The VFC/EDC & KFD to play an important role in the development of any Government land included for JFPM purpose. 5) The VFC/EDC & KFD to play an important role in enriching the forests by preventing encroachments, forest fires, illicit cuttings, smuggling of forest produce and poaching of wild animals and regulating grazing and such other functions which are needed to develop forest resources. 6) There should be a conscious attempt to ensure that the benefits from JFPM areas go to the people not as a philanthropic gesture from benevolent donor but as a token of gratitude for responsible and honourable partnership in forest management and related activities. 7) The rotation age of fuel wood plantations raised in JFPM area is as follows: a) For Eucalyptusplantations – 14 years; b) For Acacia auculiformis plantations – 20 years; c) For Casuarina plantations – 10 years.
Devarakadus have to be demarcated properly as per the order under which they have been constituted in the past and encroachments if any have to be evicted. The Village Forest Committees in a more scientific and systematic way may manage these areas as per the existing Government Orders so that the unique bio-diversity of these areas may be preserved.
The Devarakadus are thickly wooded areas. Previously these were attached to temples and were looked after by village community. The total area of Devarakadus (including Ambala and Mandu) in Virajpet division is about 1601.67 ha. The extent and distribution of Devarakadu (including Ambala and Mandu) are given in the following table–
Table – 32: Rangewise extent of Devarakadu including Ambala and Mandu Sl.No. Name of the Range Extent in ha 1 Virajpet 752.90 2 Ponnampet 717.67 3 Thithimathi 109.27 4 Mundrote 21.83 Total : 1601.67
Survey and demarcation and consolidation of sacred groves preferably through digging CPT should be completed during the plan period.
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8.5 - Grazing Grazing is an important biotic factor that causes a lot of damage to the forests of the division. Uncontrolled grazing by large herds of unproductive cattle far beyond the carrying capacity of the forests has put a lot of pressure on the forests. During summer season it also causes fire problem in forests, as the grazers intentionally or accidentally set fire to forests. Therefore, it is recommended to restrict grazing in the forests. Grazing may be allowed in older plantation areas. However, all the regeneration areas have to be closed till the regeneration is fully established. Grass cutting in these areas may be allowed on headloads free of charge. People may be advised to switch over from local breed of cattle to improved breed and they should be encouraged to stall feed their cattle.
8.6 - Fire Protection Fire is a more serious problem in the moist and dry deciduous forests of Thithimathi range than in the evergreen and semi-evergreen areas of Makut and Mundrote ranges. But fire in the grasslands in the evergreen and semi-evergreen zone also causes damage to the Shola forests. Ground fires, which are common, cause substantial damage to the ground flora and fauna and to the regeneration. Due to recent gregarious flowering of bamboo, large quantity of dry bamboo materials have accumulated in the forest making the forests in the division more vulnerable for fire. The dead and fallen material of valuable trees also gets burnt due to ground fire. It is always better to take preventive measures to check the outbreak of fire instead of allowing it to happen and then trying to extinguish it. Re-clearing and fire tracing work along the demarcation lines and other fire lines should be completed by the end of December. The Sholas, which are susceptible to repeated fires from the adjoining grasslands, should be identified and fire tracing around these should be completed well in time. Fire sensitive areas should be marked on the range and division maps. Watch towers may be constructed at vantage points and fire patrol parties should be stationed there to take prompt action in the event of occurrence of any fire in the area. Special care needs to be taken in the regeneration areas. All incidence of fire should be reported to the Deputy Conservator of Forests and burnt areas should be marked on map. All such cases should be investigated to take further necessary action in the matter.
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8.7 - Petty fellings In exceptional circumstances to meet the departmental demand and research needs, petty fellings can be done provided the number of trees do not exceed 5 in each case. Cases in which the number exceeds 5 prior permission must be obtained from the Chief Conservator of Forests (Working Plan).
8.8 - Research plots The research plot trials are found in two locations in Tithimathi range. In addition to that there are two permanent Linear Tree Increment (LTI) plots in Kerti Reserved Forests of Makut Range. These are under the control of Conservator of Forests, Research, Madikeri. Any operation in those areas and record keeping shall be done by the research wing, Madikeri only. The list of research plots and other details are given in Annexure XXX.
8.9 - Buildings New buildings for administrative convenience should be taken up by the division depending on the availability of funds and needs. The existing buildings including forest rest houses should be maintained. The details are given in Annexure XXXI.
8.10 - Farm Forestry Planting in private lands/ farm forestry should be encouraged. Seedlings required by the farmers should be got raised locally by providing necessary technical guidance and assistance to them. Growing trees in the private lands will reduce pressure on forests and therefore this activity should be encouraged and supported wholeheartedly. The farm forestry program should be expeditiously implemented under various schemes like a NREGS, ‗Krishi Protsaha Yojana‘ etc.
8.11 - Application of Forest Management information system (FMIS) Development of FMIS is essential to make timely and pertinent information available for decision making which in turn is helpful for effective forest protection and management. FMIS implementation may follow a four-pronged approach: (a) building up the capability of staff to use and manage information; (b) facilitating the flow of information (c) mainstreaming the use of information technology(IT), particularly database management systems, Geographic information Systems (GIS) and internet connectivity; and (d) increasing the availability of key reference data sets, such as an updated forest inventory. Emphasis has to be given to develop
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FMIS and use effectively during the plan period. Forest boundary digitalization should be completed during the first 3 years of the working plan period.
8.12 – Biodiversity Conservation
Assessment of status of plant and faunal species and their periodic monitoring can be helpful in formulating strategies for conservation, maintenance and enhancement of overall biodiversity thorough sustainable management and use practices. Assessment of biodiversity especially the lower forms of life (algae, fungi, lichens, epiphytes, parasites, etc.) of a forest division must be made an on-going programme with the support from State Biodiversity Board during the plan period. Observations of interest may be recorded regularly to keep the track of the dynamics of various factors, which are responsible, either for its current state or any change (progressive/retrogressive) in the area.
8.13 – Afforestation and management of grassy blanks
There is not much scope for afforestation in the division as most of the area is already under one or other type of vegetation. Therefore separate afforestation working circle has not been proposed. The regeneration works which are required for the rehabilitation of degraded forests or enrichment of the existing growing stock in the forest have already been prescribed in the concerned working circles. Further, most of the grassy blanks in the division are in the semi-evergreen or evergreen zone. As these grassy blanks are a part of the existing vegetation in the locality, no planting work has been proposed in these areas. Moreover, as these grassy blanks are excellent wildlife habitats, these can be maintained as such. The only special measure to be taken in these areas is very intensive fire protection.
8.14 – Petty removal of dead and fallen trees
Some quantity of dead and fallen materials of Teak and Andaman Padak trees from older plantations are available in an extent of about 10 ha area around Makut Forest Rest House in compartment No. 30 of Kerti Reserved Forests. Such dead and fallen trees may be removed after marking assessing strictly following the procedure. While removing the materials, there should not be any damage to existing vegetation and regeneration. Only old extraction paths should be used for carting the material.
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CHAPTER IX.
9.1 - General Financial Forecast and Financial Plan of operation Various management prescriptions have been made in different chapters under each working circle for achieving the goal and objectives of forest management. Adequate budget provision is required to implement the prescriptions in letter and spirit.
Since 1991, felling of green trees has been banned except in the case of thinning and harvesting of mature trees in fuelwood and teak plantations. In case of natural forest, only dead, fallen and wild elephant-damaged trees are allowed to be removed. In the present scenario, the forest is not looked up on as major revenue source but as important contributor in providing ecological and hydrological services.
In this chapter, attempts have been made to make assessment of expected revenue and estimated expenditure required for implementing the prescriptions made under different working circles and for carrying out other plan and non-plan activities in the division. Required estimated expenditure has to be met from the available funds under various schemes provided by the State Government and the Central Government.
9.2 – Protection working circle
Total area under this circle is 26291.342 hectare. Various activities like gap-planting, seed sowing, removal of invasive weeds like Lantana, soil and moisture conservation work and tending works have been prescribed in different blocks during the plan period.
Estimated expenditure: The estimated expenditure for implementation of the prescribed works is about Rs.412.66 lakhs. The year wise estimated expenditure required during the plan period is given in table-33.
Table:33: Estimated expenditure under protection working circle
Requirement of budget under PWC for 10 years with effect from 2014-2015 to 2023-2024 in lakhs Particulars of activities 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018- 2019- 2020- 2021- 2022- 2023- Total 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Maintenance of anti 2.90 8.00 35.20 38.72 42.56 46.80 51.44 56.56 62.16 68.32 412.66 smuggling camps (2 camps for the year 2014-15 and 2015-16 and there after 8 camps per year)
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9.3 - Improvement working circle Total area under this circle is 4864.792 hectare. Uner this working circle, extraction of dead and fallen trees from specified forest blocks will be taken up. Improvement works like gap planting, seed sowing, removal of invasive weeds like Lantana, soil and moisture conservation work and tending works have been prescribed in different blocks during the plan period.
Estimated expenditure and revenue The estimated expenditure for implementation of the prescribed works is about Rs.1055.649 lakhs. The expected revenue from the sale of timber and firewood due to salvaging operations is estimated as is Rs. 1193.021 Lakhs. The year wise estimated expenditure and revenue projected during the plan period is given in Table-34.
Requirement of budget under IWC for 10 years with effect from 2014-2015 to 2023-2024 in lakhs Sl Particulars of Total no. activities 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018- 2019- 2020- 2021- 2022- 2023- 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Gap Planting under 35.64 56.16 70.14 84.014 99.992 109.980 120.978 133.06 143.36 76.98 930.304 ANR 1 (Supplementary model) - 50 ha. each year
Table: 35__: Expected expenditure and revenue applying the yield restrictions during the plan period 2014-15 to 2023-24
Expected Expected Expected Revenue Total quantity expenditure from from timber Year expenditure of timber timber extraction extraction (Rs. in Lakhs.) (in cum) (Rs. in Lakhs.) (Rs. in Lakhs.) 2014-15 427.50 14.962 14.962 42.750 2015-16 351.58 13.544 13.544 38.673 2016-17 351.80 14.899 14.899 42.567 2017-18 351.80 16.394 16.394 46.789 2018-19 281.50 14.427 14.427 41.183 2019-20 330.50 18.624 18.624 53.177 2020-21 1129.50 7.003 7.003 199.921 2021-22 1129.50 7.703 7.703 219.913 2022-23 1129.50 8.471 8.471 241.938 2023-24 1129.50 9.318 9.318 266.110 Total 6612.68 125.345 125.345 1193.021
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Note: The above estimated expenditure and expected revenue is only approximate based on the quantity of timber and firewood assessed on the basis of number of trees per ha found during inventory work.
9.4 - Teak Working Circle
Total area under this circle is 2309.04 hectare. Under this working circle, silvicultral thinning of older teak plantations have been recommended. Also extraction of elephant damaged trees and dead and fallen trees from the specified plantations have been suggested.
Expected revenue and estimated expenditure:The expected revenue from the sale of timber and firewood due to thinning operations of older plantations is about Rs.172.236 Lakhs (Table – 39) and estimated expenditure is about Rs.72.680 Lakhs as shown in Table-36 below.
Table: 36__: Expected yield after applying the yield restrictions during the plan period 2014-15 to 2023-24
Expected Expected Expected Expected Expected Revenue Expected expenditure Total Revenue Total quantity expenditure from quantity of from expenditure from Revenue Year of from timber timber firewood firewood (Rs. in firewood (Rs. in timber extraction extraction (in cum) (Rs. in Lakhs) (Rs. in Lakh.) (in cum) (Rs. in Lakhs) (Rs. In Lakhs) Lakhs) Lakhs) 2014-15 ------2015-16 117.48 176.22 4.523 1.410 5.933 11.748 2.643 14.391 2016-17 80.875 121.315 3.425 1.067 4.492 8.896 2.002 10.898 2017-18 122.550 183.830 5.710 1.783 7.493 14.792 3.336 18.128 2018-19 93.245 139.865 4.778 1.490 6.268 12.410 2.790 15.2 2019-20 146.225 219.290 8.240 2.565 10.805 21.392 4.813 26.205 2020-21 153.550 230.325 9.520 2.960 12.48 24.706 5.563 30.269 2021-22 79.470 119.205 5.419 1.686 7.105 14.066 3.164 17.23 2022-23 92.875 139.31 6.965 2.166 9.131 14.082 4.067 18.149 2023-24 82.965 124.455 6.845 2.128 8.973 17.771 3.995 21.766 Total 969.235 1453.815 125.345 17.255 72.680 139.863 32.373 172.236
Note: The above estimated expenditure and expected revenue is only approximate based on the quantity of timber and firewood assessed on the basis of number of trees per ha found during inventory work.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 111 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
9.5 - Bamboo Working Circle: The total area under this circle is 4864.792 hectare. Different operations like engaging fire watchers, raising of bamboo seedbeds, raising of bamboo plantations and SMC works have been proposed under this working circle. The estimated expenditure Rs.224.191 lakhs.
Table –37: Requirement of budget for improvement of bamboo areas for the plan period
Estimated expenditure in lakhs Amount in Sl 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018- 2019- 2020- 2021- 2022- 2023- Particulars of activities lakhs no. 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin 1 Engaging watch & ward 7.771 8.548 9.703 10.673 11.74 12.914 14.206 15.626 17.189 18.908 127.278 for 4 months Jan, Feb, Mar & April (in numbers @ the rate of 1 watcher /100 ha.) Area – 4864.792 ha. 3 Raising of Bamboo 4.00 5.775 7.015 8.443 9.288 10.223 11.243 12.364 13.601 14.961 96.913 Plantations Total: 11.771 14.323 16.718 19.116 21.028 23.137 25.449 27.99 30.79 33.869 224.191
9.6 – NTFP : The total area under this circle is 6466.429 hectare.The expected revenue to the LAMPS will be about Rs.16.00 lakhs per annum.
9.7 - Wild Life Management working circle Under this working circle Activities like construction of wild animals barriers, creation of water facility and improvement of habitat etc., have been proposed to reduce human elephant conflict. The estimated expenditure under this working circle are approximately Rs.2047.40 lakhs.
Miscellaneous Regulations: Forest land consolidation and Management: The estimated expenditure is about Rs.60.91 lakhs during the plan period for consolidation of forest land.
Sandalwood management: The estimated expenditure is about Rs.169.43 lakhs during the plan period for regeneration of sandalwood.
9.8. - Fire protection: The estimated cost for carrying out forest fire protection works is Rs.111.41 Lakhs given in table below.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 112 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Table- 38: Requirement of budget for fire protection.
Amount in lakhs Year wise requirement of budget Sl Particulars of 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018- 2019- 2021- 2022- 2023- Total 2020-21 no. activities 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin 1 Requirement of fire watcher for 4 months (December, 7.00 7.70 8.47 9.31 10.24 11.26 12.38 13.61 14.97 16.47 111.41 January, Febraury & March) in numbers
9.9 - Summary of financial forecast Summary of budgeting for estimated expenditure and expected revenue during the plan
period (2014-15 to 2023-24) under different working circle is given in table below. The
estimated total expenditure is calculated as Rs. 10808.436 Lakhs and expected revenue is
calculated as Rs.1525.257 lakhs.
Estimated expenditure and expected revenue during the plan period (2014-15 to 2023-24) Table- 39:
For the revised plan As per previous plan Sl. Name of the working circle No Expenditure in Revenue in Expenditure in Revenue in Lakhs Lakhs Lakhs Lakhs 1 Establishment 6654.115 - 892.945 - 2 Protection working circle 412.66 - - - Improvement working 3 1055.649 1193.021 187.615 - circle 4 Teak working circle 72.680 172.236 307.44 1702.20 5 Bamboo Working Circle 224.191 - 245.359 286.56 6 Miscellaneous Regulation NTFP Management - 160.000 - 55.00 Wild Life management 2047.40 - - - Fire Protection 111.410 - 30.00 - Forest land consolidation 60.91 - - - and Management Sandalwood management 169.43 - 14.10 - Total: 10808.436 1525.257 1677.459 2043.76
Summary of yearwise budgeting for estimated expenditure and expected revenue during the plan period is given in the table - 62 below. In calculating the estimated expenditure, escalation rate for every year has been considered while the expected revenue has been calculated based on present rate only.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 113 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Year wise estimated expenditure and expected revenue projected during the plan period. Table – 40:
For the revised plan Sl. Years No Expected revenue in Estimated expenditure in lakhs lakhs 1 2014-15 350.570 58.750 2 2015-16 841.177 69.064 3 2016-17 1321.103 69.465 4 2017-18 1281.040 80.917 5 2018-19 1258.909 72.383 6 2019-20 992.448 95.382 7 2020-21 1065.793 246.190 8 2021-22 1157.336 253.143 9 2022-23 1261.602 276.087 10 2023-24 1278.467 303.876 Total: 10808.436 1525.257
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 114 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
CHAPTER X. ESTABLISHMENT AND LABOUR
10.1 -Optimum strength of staff both in executive and ministerial level is required for efficient management of a division. Though the biotic interference in forest and human animal conflict haveincreased considerably over period of time, the strength in frontline staff has not increased proportionately to meet the challenges. Due to loss of habitat and elephant corridor human elephant conflict has increased in the division bordering to Nagarahole National Park and Brahmagiri and Talacauvery Wildlife Sacntuaries. Under such circumstances, it is essential to increase the strength of forest guards and watchers to mitigate such problems. Therefore, it is proposed to reorganize few existing beats in high human and elephant conflict zone of the division as given in the table below.Fourteen additional beats and 68 additional requirements of permanent watchers have been proposed.
Table – 41: TABLE SHOWING THE PROPOSAL FOR RE-ORGANISATION OF FOREST BEATS IN VIRAJPET DIVISION
Beats Guards Forest Watcher No of Additional No of Area of Sl Permanen No of Exisitin the Additiona N Range Section Name of the t Forest Permanen g Forest Exisiting l Beats o Exisiting Beat Watchers t Forest Beats Beat Proposed existing in Watchers (Ha) the beat Proposed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Kurat 832.65 - 1 1 1 Makut Kurat 2 2 Porthotu 633.93 - - 1 1 Yalapare 826.83 - - 2
2 Udumbe-I 323.53 - 1 - 2 Makut Udumbe 3
3 Udumbe-II 342.13 - - 1
1 Panjaramakki 560.04 - - 1
3 Makut Koolimakki 3 2 Thenangaya 891.26 - - 2
3 Koolimakki 739.10 - - 1
1 Matre-I 995.40 - 1 1 4 Makut Matre 3 2 Matre-II 669.35 - 1 - 3 Kalangi 625.00 - - 1
5 Makut Arabithattu 3 1 Arabithattu-I 688.34 - - 1
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 115 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
2 Arabithattu-II 710.44 - - 1
3 Arabithattu-III 923.00 - - 2
1 Watekolly-I 1041.00 - - 2 6 Makut Watekolly 2 2 Watekolly-II - - 1
7 Makut Makut 1 1 Makut 1622.00 1 - 2
1 Kottanjeri 971.70 - - 2 Meenancherr 8 Mundrote 2 y Meenancherr 2 625.87 - 1 1 y
9 Mundrote Mundrote 1 1 Mundrote 782.10 - - 2
10 Mundrote Murukumotte 1 1 Murukumotte 1214.29 1 1 1
1 Mombail 703.61 - - 1 11 Mundrote Baikabbe-I 2 2 Baikabbe-I 688.16 - 1 1
1 Baikabbe-II 829.50 - 1 1 12 Mundrote Baikabbe-II 2 2 Angarakolly 886.32 - - 1
1 Benjeri 1204.50 1 1 1 2 Cheekad 925.71 - - 1 13 Mundrote Cheekad 3 3 Karimalai 957.15 - 1 -
1 Singanur 1004.40 - 1 1
14 Thithimathi Thithimathi 3 2 Devamachi 2062.40 1 - 4
3 Hebbale 1170.80 - - 3
1 Chennagi 756.00 - 1 1 15 Thithimathi Chennagi 2 2 Gaddige 2292.80 1 - 4
16 Ponnampet V Badaga 1 1 V Badaga 6158.77 - 1 1
1 Ponnampet 8750.00 1 - 2 17 Ponnampet Ponnampet 1 2 Nallur 7626.20 1 - 2 10248.0 1 Kutta 1 - 2 18 Ponnampet Kutta 2 8 2 Kanoor 8100.00 1 - 2 1 Hudikeri 6845.09 - - 1 19 Ponnampet Hudikeri 2 2 Birunani 7660.00 1 - 2 20 Virajpet Virajpet 1 1 Virajpet 8408.09 - - 2
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 116 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
1 Siddapur 7852.40 1 - 2 21 Virajpet Ammathy 2 2 Ammathy 5850.00 - 1 1
22 Virajpet Heggala 1 1 Heggala 6885.12 1 - 2
23 Virajpet Cheyandane 1 1 Cheyandane 8044.34 1 - 2
24 GTD Thithimathi 1 1 - - 1 3 2
Total : 14 17 68
In addition to the above, fifteen additional posts of Deputy Range Forest Officer and twelve posts of additional ministerial staff have been proposed as shown in table given below.
Table – 42: STATEMENT SHOWING THE REQUIREMENT OF ADDITIONAL POSTS FOR DIFFERENT CADRES (FIELD STAFF AND MINISTERIAL STAFF) AT DIVISIONAL LEVEL. Sl Sanctioned Additional Designation Remarks No posts posts proposed 1 2 3 4 5 1 ACFs 2 - 2 RFOs 7 - 3 Ministerial Staff Manager 1 - Suptds 1 - Required for Virajpet FDA 8 1 Sub-division office. SDA 10 - Steno - 1 Required for Virajpet A.S.O. - 1 division office. IInd grade – Surveyor 1 - Required for Range Typist - 8 offices and sub- division offices. Required for Virajpet 4 Group D 9 1 Sub-division office. 5 Deputy Range Forest Officer 39 15 6 Drivers 3 - 7 Forest Guards 68 14 8 Forest Watchers 17 68
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 117 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
CHAPTER XI CONTROL AND RECORDS
11.1 - The maintenance of records in the division needs improvement. The old records regarding release, lease and de- notification of state forest which are not presently available in the division should be procured from different other sources like Revenue Department Office and Archives. The importance of maintaining various details concerning the working plan prescriptions and regulation of work as per the working plan need be properly emphasised. It is necessary to maintain various Forms with regard to the execution of different works in the division as prescribed in the Karnataka Forest Code and the Karnataka Forest Account Code. The control records as given in the concerned working circles should be maintained scrupulously. Deputy Conservator of Forests should be primarily responsible to ensure the receipt of all the periodical reports and returns from the Range Forest Officers and for the further compilation and maintenance of these in his office. This information will not only be necessary for systematic working in the division as per rules and procedure but also for better planning of works in future in the division.
As per the Karnataka Forest Code, 1976, the following control records will be prepared and maintained by the territorial DCF. i. Control book ii. Record book iii. Control journal iv. Control maps v. Register of deviations from the working plan vi. Register of statements of sanctioned working plan
The division should have division map on 1:250000 scales, range map on 1:50000 scales and beat map on 1:10000 or 1:7920 scales on topo sheet. The territorial DCF will annually make entries in his copy of the control forms and send these together with the deviation statements in triplicate to the working plan CF through the territorial CF. The working plan conservator will send three copies of deviations statement to the PCCF(HOF) through the CCF (WP) for sanction.
The control forms should be submitted by the territorial DCF to the territorial CF on or before 1st December and the latter should send them to the working plan CF on or before January each year.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 118 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
11.2 - Deviation: As per Karnataka Forest Code, 1976 in Para 45, it is stated that ― When a Working plan has received the sanction of government, no deviation shall take place from its prescriptions‖.
As per Para 83 & 84 of National Working Plan Code, 2004. ―all deviations, which permanently alter the basis of management laid down in a working plan, will require prior sanction of the PCCF. All deviations, which do not permanently alter the basis of management and with the necessity of which he agrees, may be approved and sanctioned by the Working Plan Conservator on behalf of the PCCF. In case where there is difference of opinion between the Working Plan Conservator and the Territorial Conservator, the former will refer them to the PCCF for instructions. The PCCF/CF WP, as the case may be. Will countersign the deviation statement. Minor deviations can be sanctioned at the level of the CF Working Plan or the PCCF as the case may be; but the PCCF, before sanctioning the major deviations of following nature, will necessarily take prior approval of the Regional CCF of the Ministry of Environment & Forests‖. i. Change in silvicultural system; ii. Clear felling of natural forest; iii. Formation of new felling series; and iv. Large scale felling due to natural calamities, which cannot be adjusted against future yield.
Deviation occurred due to fire or any sudden accident necessitating a sudden change of the plan may be sanctioned by the CF, working plan in anticipation of approval from the PCCF.
All proposals involving deviation, which require the sanction shall be submitted by the DCFs through their respective territorial CFs.,
All deviations sanctioned either by the PCCF(HOF) or CF, Working plan should be intimated to the territorial CF & territorial DCF.The proforma for register of deviation is given in Appendix-V.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 119 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
CHAPTER XII. Summary of Prescriptions
12.1 - Basis of proposal The Plan deals with the entire territorial division of Virajpet comprising of Virajpet, Ponnampet, Makut, Mundrote and Thithimathi ranges.
12.2 - General Objects of Management : 1. To maintain environmental stability and ecological balance by adopting measures to protect, preserve and enrich the existing natural forests with variety of flora and fauna. 2. To apply a system of management which will ensure maximum degree of protection to soil and maintain the forest cover in good condition. 3. To maintain or improve natural and man made forest structure and growth in non- degraded areas to ensure long term sustainability of forest production. 4. To rehabilitate and increase the economic value and utility of the degraded forests. 5. Consistent with the above objectives, to ensure sustainable use of forests to meet the needs of the people, especially the rural and tribal people, living in the vicinity of forests. 6. To encourage tree planting in private lands and to meet the local demand of forest produce to a great extent from these areas. 7. To create a massive awareness movement and to ensure people's participation and involvement in all round protection and development of forests.
12.3 - Constitution of Working Circles: 1 Protection working circle. 2 Improvement working circle. 3 Teak plantations management working circle. 4 Bamboo overlapping working circle. 5 Wildlife management overlapping working circle, 6 NTFP overlapping working circle. 7 Miscellaneous regulations – land consolidation, Sandalwood regeneration, JFPM fire protection etc.,
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 120 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
CHAPTER II.
12.4 - Protection working circle.
This working circle consists of evergreen and semi-evergreen forest areas of Mundrote and Makut Ranges. This working circle has been prescribed with a view to affording complete protection to the sensitive forests of the division that are very rich in bio- diversity.
A brief account the information under this working circle is given in the tabular form below: 1 Name of the reserved forest included Padinalknad RF and Kerti RF. in the working circle 2 Total area under the working circle 26291.342 ha 3 Protection activities Strict protection from fire, encroachment and other biotic interference and from smuggling will be provided . 4 Basal area The basal area / ha varies from 11.44 (CPT 44) and 47.12 (CPT 45) in Padinalknad and Kerti RFs 5 Control records 1. Control book 2. Record of work 3. Control journal 4. Control maps
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 121 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Chapter III.
12.5 - Improvement working circle.
This working circle consists of the deciduous forests of Thithimathi range excluding the areas under Teak plantations. A brief account the information under this working circle is given in the tabular form below: 1 Name of the reserved forest Devamachi and Mavukal RFs and surrounding included in the working circle paisari lands 2 Total area under the working circle 4864.792 ha. 3 Felling series / improvement works The forests of Thithimathi range excluding the Teak plantations have been constituted as Thithimathi improvement series which has been divided into 10 blocks. Only dead and fallen timber will be extracted from the specified block made year wise. 4 Protection activities Strict protection from fire, biotic interference and from smuggling will be provided . 5 Regeneration Sowing of seeds, gap planting, uprooting of invasive weeds like Lantana and Eupatorium, tending & SMC works have been prescribed. On an average, 100 ha gap planting will be done every year under supplementary plantations models in the specified block every year. All such activities have to be done as per site specific plan (SSP). Natural regeneration is in adequate. 6 Yield The available dead and fallen material of specified species have to be harvested. 7 Basal area The basal area / ha varies from 11.36 (CPT 18) and 18.79 (CPT 19) in Devamachi and Mavukal RFs 8 Control records 1. Control book 2. Record of work 3. Control journal 4. Control maps
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 122 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Chapter IV.
12.6 - Teak Plantation Management Working Circle. A brief account the information under this working circle is given in the tabular form below: 1 Name of the reserved forest Mavukal and Devamachi RFs (CPT 16, 17, 18 and included in the working circle 19) 2 Total area under the working 2309.04 ha. circle 3 Exploitable girth and rotation The exploitable girth is 1.65 meter at breast height with corresponding height 25.65 meter. Rotation period is 120 years. 4 Thinning 1. First mechanical thinning at the 6th year (retaining about 1300-1400 trees/ha). 2. Second mechanical thinning at the 12th year (retaining about 700-800 trees /ha). 3. First silvicultural thinning at the 18th year (retaining about 500-600 trees /ha). 4. Second silvicultural thinning at the 30th year (retaining about 400 trees /ha). 5. Third silvicultural thinning at the 50th year (retaining about 250-300 trees /ha). 6. An elite thinning at the end of 80th year (retaining about 150 trees /ha) 7. Elephant damaged trees may be extracted every year. 4 Protection activities Strict protection from fire, biotic interference and from smuggling will be provided 5 Yield Approximate yield assessed basid on the inverntory result as shown in chapter- IV under teak plantation working circle. 6 Control: 1. Control book 2. Plantation journal 3. Control map
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 123 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Chapter V.
12.7 - Bamboo overlapping working circle.
A brief account the information under this working circle is given in the tabular form below: 1 Name of the reserved forest Devamachi and Mavukal RFs and surrounding paisari included in the working circle lands 2 Total area under the working 4864.792 ha. circle 3 Felling series / improvement No felling is prescribed except removal of dry and dead blocks bamboos remaining after gregarious flowering. The area will be improved by providing strict protection. 4 Protection activities Since gregarious flowering has taken place recently in all the forests of the Division, therefore all the forest areas have to be strictly protected from fire and grazing. 5 Regeneration Strict fire prevention measures have been recommended. 6 Yield Approximate yield of green and dry bamboo has been calculated based on the inventory result. 7 Control records 1. Control book 2. Record of work 3. Control journal 4. Control maps
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 124 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Chapter VI.
12.8–Wildlife Management Overlapping working circle.
A brief account the information under this working circle is given in the tabular form below: 1 Name of the reserved forest All reserved forests of the division and surrounding included in the working circle paisari lands handed over to forest department. 2 Total area under the working 33465.184ha. circle 3 Protection activities Since gregarious flowering has taken place recently in all the forests of the Division, therefore all the forest areas have to be strictly protected from fire and grazing. Measures for habitat improvement, barrier construction have been suggested / prescribed to mitigate human wildlife conflict. 4 Regeneration Strict fire prevention measures have been recommended. SMC works and seed sowing activities have been suggested. 5 Control records 1. Control book 2. Record of work 3. Control journal 4. Control maps
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 125 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Chapter VII.
12.9 - NTFP Overlapping working circle.
A brief account the information under this working circle is given in the tabular form below: 1 Area under the working circle This is an overlapping working circle and includes all the forest lands including Devarakadus. 35066.817ha comprising of forest and non forests area. 2 Method of sale The Forest Dwelling Tribals living in and around the forests will be allowed to collect NTFP as per the prevailing Forest Right Act. The LAMPS, Thithimathi will also be allowed to collect and sale NTFP with certain conditions.In JFPM areas, the VFCs should be allowed to collect NTFP and the sale proceeds is to be shared between VFC and KFD as per the prevailing Govt. order. 3 Control records Record of yield, control of works as prescribed in the concerned appendix should be maintained.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 126 Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division
Chapter VIII
12.9 - Miscellaneous regulations.
This chapter details with various regulations like forest land consolidations and management, wildlife management, sandalwood management, social forestry plantations management, Joint Forest Planning and Management, grazing, fire protection, maintenance of roads and bridges, maintenance of buildings and communication, maintenance etc. Under forest land consolidation and management, fixing of cairns / concrete pillars along the forest boundary abutting private land and Kerala state boundary has been prescribed. Under sandalwood management, 50 ha block of forest in Thithimathi range will be developed in to a sandal estate.
Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 127 Devamachi RF
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
Photographs 1 to 6 showing Teak plantations in Devamachi RF of Thithimathi Range. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Photographs 7 to 9 showing Natural Bamboo in Devamachi RF of Thithimathi Range. Photograph 10 Showing Bamboo seeds after flowering of Natural Bamboo. 11. 12.
13. 14.
15. 16.
17. 18.
Natural Vegetations in Devamachi and Mavukal Reserved Forests in Thithimathi Range. (Photographs 11 to 18)
19. 20.
Anti-poaching Camp in Thithimathi Range. Forest Rest House in Thithimathi Range. 21. 22.
Special structure constructed along elephant barrier in forest Culvert constructed in Thithimathi Range. boundary in Thithimathi Range. 23. 24.
EPT in Thithimathi Range. Spiked up and down gate in Thithimathi Range. Kerti RF 25. 26.
27. 28.
29. 30.
Natural Vegetation in Kerti Reserved Forests of Makut Range. (Photographs 25 to 30) Padinalknad RF 31. 32.
3 3. 34 .
35.
Natural Vegetation in Padinalknad Reserved Forests of Makut Range. (Photographs 31 to 35) 36.
Flowered Bamboo in Padinalknad RF of Mundrot Range. 37. 38.
View of Talcauvery peak from Mundrot FRH. Natural reeds in Padinalkand RF of Mundrot Range. 39. 40.
Natural cane in Padinalkand RF of Mundrot Range. Malabar Squirrel in Mundrot Range.