Major Brazilian ViticulturalRegions and Grape Pest Management
Marcos Botton, Ph.D. Grape Entomologist José Fernando daSilva Protas, Ph.D. Socioeconomist
Embrapa The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation
Mission: provide solutions for the sustainable development of Brazilian agribusiness through knowledge and technology generation and transfer.
Ministry of Agriculture 37 Research Centers in almost all the states of the Union 8,619 employees 2,221 researchers (54% Ph.D.) www.embrapa.br EmbrapaGrape and Wine
1 EmbrapaGrape and Wine (1975 -...)
National reference center for vini- viticulture research Headquarters in Bento Gonçalves, RS 42 researchers 152 employees
E.S. Temperate Fruits (Vacaria, RS) E.S. Tropical Viticulture (Jales, SP)
Brazilian Viticultural Regions
2 Grown Area (Brazil)
69.000 ha (IBGE) Table and processing grapes RS State 35.000 ha 90% of the processing grapes produced in Brasil 80% American varieties (Isabel, Concord, Niagara, Bordo... )
Vitisvinifera
3 Vitis Rio Grande vinifera“Serra Gaúcha” do Sul So (5000 ha) »Mainvarieties uth ea st - White: Chardonnay, Riesling “S Itálico, Moscato err a” - Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, (27 Cabernet Franc, Merlot, 0 Tanate Pinot Noir ha)
Campaign (1.000 ha)
Serra Gaúcha Region
4 5 -Geographic Indication- Vale dos Vinhedos
First geographic indication officially recognized from Brazil
6 H.P. Santos
Campaign Region
7 Southeast « Serra »
i n h e iVitis rvinifera o Santa Catari P na r »Main Varieties e t o - White: Chardonnay
e - Red: Cabernet Sauvignon e Merlot T SãoJoaaquim (180 hna) g a r á
8 SÃO JOAQUIM
Vitisvinifera
9 O C S I C N A R F
O Ã S
O I R
O D
E L A V
m é d Vitisi vinifoera San Francisco tableS grapães Valley (PE e o BA) »Main varieties F r a -Itália, Benitakaand n Red Globe c i s -Seedles: Festival, c Thompson and o Crimpson
( 9 5 0
10 TableGrapes–seedlessbrasilianvarieties(2003)
- m é d Vitiis San vinoifera Francisco S Valley (PE e ã BA) o »Main varieties F r - White: Chardonnay, Chenin a Blanc e MoscatoCanelli n c - Red: Cabernet Sauvignon e i Syrah s c o
( 5 0
11 American and Hybrids (processing)
American and Hybrid grapes Rio Grande (Processing) SerraGaúcha do Sul (25.000 ha) »Main varieties
- White: Niágara, Couderc13.
- Red: Isabel, Bordô, Concord, Jacquez.
- Rose: NiágaraRosada
12 h e i r American and o Hybrid grapes Santa P (Processing) Catari r e »Main varietiesna t o - White: Niágara.
e - Red: Isabel, Jacqueze Couderc. T a n g a r á
(
Tablegrapes(americanvarieties)
13 Tablegrapes(American varieties) Rio SerraGaúcha Grande (2.387 ha) do Sul »Main varieties
-White: Niágara, -Red: Isabel, Venus
14 Nova Mutum (MT)
15 16 Insectsandmitesassociatedwith vineyardsin Brazil
• Indirectyieldreduction
•Killplants •Diseasetransmission
•Damageto berries
17 Insecticidesfor grapepest managementin Brazil(2005)
Fentiom-Lebaycid500 (21 dias) Abamectin-Vertimec180 CE (28 dias) Imidacloprid-(Premier 700 GRDA) –(60 dias) Thiamethoxan-Actara250 WGR Bifentrina–Talstar100 CE –(7 dias)
18 Major Rootstocks
TemperateRegion 101-14 (V. riparia x V. rupestris) Paulsen1103 (V. berlandierix V. rupestris) 043-43 (V. rotundifoliax V. vinifera) -groundpearl control? Tropical Region IAC-572 'Jales‘ (V. tiliifolia x '101-14 Mgt‘). IAC-766 'Campinas‘-(106-8 Mgt'?V. riparia x (V. rupestrisx V. cordifolia)? x V. tiliifolia
19 SoilPests GroundPearl– Eurhizococcusbrasiliensis (Hemiptera: Margarodidae)
FirstRecord –1922 – Santa Maria, RS
20 PestBiology
E. Hickel E. Hickel 1 year June/July November November to March
21 PestBiology
E. Hickel E. Hickel
A. De Klerk
22 Dispersion(vegetativematerial contaminated)
Polyphagy(+ than80 hosts)
23 Dispersionintra vineyards
Ants–Argentineant Linepitemahumile
Actualmanagement
•Avoiddispersionin propagativematerial •Resistantrootstock? (043-43) •Chemicalcontrol–neonicotinoids insecticides(imidaclopridand thiamethoxam)
24 25 GrapePhylloxera
•80% americanvaritiesorhybrids •Isabel, Niagara, Bordo, ... •60% ownrootedcultivars
26 Major problemLeafdamage onRootstocksproduction fields
27 Emergingproblem?
Leafdamageof grapefiloxeraon Vitis viniferaC. sauvignon
CiroPavan
28 CiroPavan
CiroPavan
29 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 C E S 0 E S G P 0 0 W C 5 C 0 5 0 n 8 2 0 2 5 o 1 5 s 7 i c o 2 ci e h e ad a e n it v r e m im o ta D th u t r c r S er P A O V Insecticideeffectongrapefiloxeraleafformin graperootstok 101-14. Bom Princípio, RS, 2003. (Botton et al., 2004)
InsectVectors
Bacteriavectors Virusvectors
30 Xylellafastidiosa (Pierce´sDisease) – notfoundin grapesin Brazil
Xylellafastidiosa in Brazil(otherhosts)
CitrusVariegated Chlorosis Plumleafscald
CoffeeLeafScorch
31 Vectorsof X. fastidiosa (HEMIPTERA:AUCHENORRHYNCHA)
(CICADELLIDAE:CICADELLINAE) CERCOPIDAE
CICADELLINI PROCONIINI
Some species(HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE, CICADELLINAE) found ongrapein Brasil
A. Homalodisca ignorata Melichar, 1924; B. Molomea consolida Schröder, 1959; C. Molomealineiceps Young, 1968. Escala: 1 mm. Wilson Azevedo
32 Virus vectors (grape mealybugs)
• P. viburni • P. longispinus
New Project •Pestidentificationandbiology •Dispersionin thefieldassociatedwithants •Control
33 BerryDamage
Catterpillars
Argyrotaeniasphaleropa (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Southamericanfruitmoth
34 Ø Hosts
Monitoring Troca a cada 75 dias
35 Precipitação Nº de machos capturados Temperatura 2 por. Méd. Móv. (Nº de machos capturados)
220 26 210 24 200 190 22 180 170 20 160 150 18 140 16 130 120 14 110 100 12 90 10 80 70 8 60 50 6 40 30 4 20 2 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112 1314 15 161718 19 20 2122 23 2425 26 27 282930 31 32 33 3435 36 373839 4041 4243 44 45 46 47 4849 5051 52 53 S O N D J F M A M J J A
Semana/Mês
Figura 1. Seasonalfluctuationof Argyrotaenia sphaleropa adultsin Cabernetsauvignon. 2003/2004
Cryptoblabesgnidiella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Honeydewmoth
36 Foto: Scatoni& Bentancourt, 1983.
V. Pavesi
37 DANO
Foto: Ringenberg, R., 2002.
Foto: Scatoni& Bentancourt, 1983.
DANO
38 LIBERADORES DO FSS
RESULTADOS AVALIAÇÃO DO FSS
a h l i 120 T1 T2 T3 T4 d )
a a P 100 m E r + a
X r
( 80
o a p a
n 60 s a o
m a h a e c 40 s a b a a r b a
m b a a o 20 a p e b b b d
º 0 N 19/11 26/11 03/12 10/12 Data
Figura 1. Número de machos (média ± EP) de Cryptoblabesgnidiella capturados a cada sete dias em armadilhas delta iscadas com quatro formulações do feromôniosexual sintético T1–ChemTica5mg/membrana liberação Lenta, T2–ChemTica5mg/membrana liberação 2 vezes mais lenta que a primeira, T3–ChemTica2mg/septo de borracha, T4– YOGEV 1 mg/septode borracha, em quatro períodos de exposição no campo (n=5). Santa Maria da Boa Vista, PE.2002. Médias seguidas por letras distintas diferem entre si pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis(p≤0,05).
39 40 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
7 8 8 9 9 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /1 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 6 9 3 6 0 4 8 1 5 9 3 7 0 4 7 1 7 1 4 8 2 6 0 3 7 1 2 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 1 3 1 2 1
Numberof C. gnidiella per 15 daysin twoorchardsof Pinot Noircultivar usingpheromonetrapsin Bento Gonçalves, RS
Sitophiluszeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
A A
Adults of Sitophilus zeamais (Curculionidae)
41 Foto: Salles, L. A. B.
Foto: E. Hickel
VINEYARDS
42 Fotos: E. Hickel
South American Fruit Fly Anastrephafraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)
43 Fotos: E. Hickel
44 45 Monitoring
-McPhail -Hydrolized protein a n a 120 m e o i s
/ 100 d a é h l m i
80 d o a r e
m 60 r m a ú / 40 a N c s
o 20 m 0 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 / / / / / / / / / / / / / 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 / / / / / / / / / / / / / 2 7 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 5 0 5 0 2 2 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 0 1 1 2 Data
Adultsseasonalflutuactionof A. fraterculus on vineyardcv. MoscatoEmbrapa.
46 Mites and trips
Polyphagotarsonemuslatus
47 Tetranychus urticae
48 Calepitrimerusvitisand Colomerusvitis
49 CiroPavan
CiroPavan
50 CiroPavan
Tripes
• Selenotripsrubrocintus • Frankliniellarodeos
51 52 % of bunchesinfestedbyinsectsin Pinot Noir(2004/2005)
16
s 14 o d a
t 12 s e f 10
n Argyrotaenia i
s
o 8 Cryptoblabes h c
a 6 Sitophilus c
e
d 4 Pseudoccocidae
% 2 0 Vale dos Monte Vale Vinhedos Belo Aurora
Thanks
Visitus: www.cnpuv.embrapa.br
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